Title: GRE3000

正面: abandon
definition: 【考法1】n. 放纵:carefree, freedom from constraint
[例] add spices to the stew with complete abandon 肆无忌惮地向炖菜里面加调料
[近] unconstraint, uninhibitedness, unrestraint
【考法2】v. 放纵:to give(oneself)over unrestrainedly
[例] abandon oneself to emotion 感情用事‖abandon herself to a life of complete idleness 她放纵自己过着闲散的生活
[近] indulge, surrender
【考法3】v. 放弃:to withdraw from often in the face of danger or encroachment
[例] abandon the ship/homes 弃船;离家
[反] salvage 救援
【考法4】v. 停止做某事:to put an end to(something planned or previously agreed to)
[例] The bad weather forced NASA to abandon the launch. 坏天气迫使NASA停止了发射。
[近] abort, drop, repeal, rescind, revoke, call off, give up
[反] keep, continue, maintain, carry on 继续
symbol: [ə'bændən]
zhuji: 【记】a+band乐队+on，一个乐队在舞台上。想想黑豹、唐朝、零点等疯狂的摇滚乐队，不仅他们在放纵，你们听他们的歌本身也是一种放纵。
zhuji3000: 【根】 a- [ad-, to] + ban [v.&n. 禁令] + -don [v.&n.], to ban, 禁令下达后的结果 → v. 放弃;停止做某事;放弃 (理智、责任) → v.&n. 放纵
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position: (1, 1)

正面: abase
definition: 【考法】v. 降低(地位、职位、威望或尊严):to lower in rank, office, prestige, or esteem
[例] He was unwilling to abase himself by pleading guilty to a crime that he did not commit. 他不愿意屈就自己去承认一个莫须有的罪名。
[近] debauch, degrade, profane, vitiate, discredit, foul, smirch, take down
[反] elevate, ennoble, uplift, aggrandize, canonize, deify, exalt 使高贵,使有声望
symbol: [ə'beɪs]
zhuji3000: 【根】 a- [ad-, to] + base [底部], to base, 向底部 (降) → v. 降低 (地位、职位、威望或尊严)
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position: (1, 1)

正面: abash
definition: 【考法】vt. 使尴尬,使羞愧:to destroy the self-possession or self-confidence of, disconcert, embarrass
[例] Nothing could abash him. 没有什么可以使他感到难堪。
[近] discomfit, disconcert, discountenance, faze, fluster, nonplus, mortify
[反] embolden 使大胆
symbol: [ə'bæ∫]
zhuji3000: 【联】 ab- [away] + ash [灰], away in ash, 使灰溜溜地溜走 → v. 使尴尬,使羞愧
【参】 近义词embarrass [v. 使尴尬]
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position: (1, 1)

正面: abate
definition: 【考法1】v. 减轻(程度或者强度):to reduce in degree or intensity
[例] abate his rage/pain 平息他的愤怒/减轻他的痛苦
[近] moderate, recede, subside, remit, wane, die(away or down or out), let up, phase down, taper off
[反] intensify 加强,加剧
【考法2】v. 减少(数量),降低(价值):to reduce in amount or value
[例] abate a tax 降低税收
[近] de-escalate, deplete, downscale, dwindle, ratchet(down)
[反] augment, promote 增加
【考法3】v. 停止,撤销:to put an end to
[例] abate a nuisance 停止伤害
[近] abrogate, annul, invalidate, nullify, rescind, vacate
symbol: [ə'beɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ab离开，ate吃eat的过去式。离开吃的，惯用的减肥方法，目的是使自己的体重（减轻），使自己的公斤数（在数量上减少）。
zhuji3000: 【根】 a- [ad-, to] + bat [beat, 打] + -e [v.], to beat (down) → v. 减轻 (程度或者强度) ;减少 (数量),降低 (价值)
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position: (1, 1)

正面: abbreviate
definition: 【考法】v. 缩写,缩短:to make briefer
[例] abbreviate the word“building”as“bldg.”将“building”缩写作“bldg.”
[近] abridge, curtail, cut back, syncopate, truncate
[反] extend, protract, elongate, lengthen, prolong 延长
symbol: [ə'bri:vieɪt]
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position: (1, 1)

正面: abdicate
definition: 【考法】v. 正式放弃(权力、责任):to renounce a throne, to relinquish(power or responsibility)formally
[例] abdicate the throne/crown 退位
[近] cede, relinquish, renounce, resign, step down(from)
[反] constitute, assume, usurp 任命;承担;篡位
symbol: ['æbdɪkeɪt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ab- [away] + dic [say] + -ate [v.], say away (from power, responsibility) → v. 正式放弃 (权力、责任)
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position: (1, 1)

正面: aberrant
definition: 【考法】adj. 异常的,非常规的:deviating from the usual or natural type
[例] This behavior might be aberrant enough to draw attention. 这样的行为已经异常得足以引起人们的注意。
[近] abnormal, anomalous, peculiar, singular, unwonted, uncustomary
[反] normal, natural, regular, standard, typical 正常的,标准的,典型的
symbol: [æ'berənt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ab- [away] + err [wander] + -ant [a.], wander away → a. 异常的,非常规的
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正面: abet
definition: 【考法1】v. 帮助,怂恿:to assist or support in the achievement of a purpose
[例] aid and abet〈法律〉协助教唆
[近] ferment, foment, provoke, instigate, stir(up), whip(up)
【考法2】v. 鼓励:to actively encourage(as an activity or plan)
[近] aid, assist, back, support, prop(up)
[反] stymie, frustrate, obstruct, thwart, impede, forestall, hinder 阻挠
symbol: [ə'bet]
zhuji: 【记】a一再，bet赌博。记住，这不是你的错，一定是有人教唆你，因为麻将三缺一！
zhuji3000: 【源】 a- [ad-, to] + bet [bite], to bite, “去咬”, 源自英国曾经盛行的纵狗咬熊的游戏,在群狗的撕咬下,熊最终会惨烈牺牲。游戏过程中,观众常常向狗大喊“去咬”,即教唆狗咬熊 → v. 帮助,怂恿;鼓励
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position: (1, 1)

正面: abeyance
definition: 【考法】n. 中止,搁置:temporary inactivity
[例] hold the plan in abeyance 使计划暂停
[近] doldrums, quiescence, moratorium, latency, dormancy, suspension, cold storage, deep freeze
[反] continuance, fulfillment 继续;履行
symbol: [ə'beɪəns]
zhuji: 【记】ab离开，ey＝eye眼睛，ance名词后缀。何谓离开眼睛？大家小时候是不是在老师、家长的监督下做作业（不是也得是，想不想背单词了，别抬杠！）。当他们的眼睛盯着你的时候，作的特别认真是吧！一旦他们的眼睛离开了，不在家了，你是不是就放风了，你是不是就中止、搁置了做作业这项神圣的活动了。读：我被摁死！－想不停止也不行了
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position: (1, 1)

正面: abhor
definition: 【考法】vt. 深恶痛绝,极度厌恶:to regard with extreme repugnance
[例] He abhors the way people leave their trash at the picnic sites in the park. 他很厌恶人们把垃圾留在公园的野餐点。
[近] abominate, despise, detest, execrate, loathe
[反] greatly admire 非常崇拜
symbol: [əb'hɔ:r]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ab- [away] + hor [horror, n. 颤抖], be away in horror, 颤抖地远离 → v. 深恶痛绝,极度厌恶
【参】 horrible [a. 极讨厌的;可怕的]
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position: (1, 1)

正面: abiding
definition: 【考法】vt. 永久的:lasting for a long time; enduring
[例] an abiding love of Espanol 对西班牙语持久的热爱
[近] ageless, enduring, eternal, everlasting, perennial, perpetual, timeless
[反] evanescent, ephemeral 短暂的
symbol: [ə'baɪdɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】easy!既然只有一人投标，起拍价不就成为一个永久的、持久的价格了吗？
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position: (1, 2)

正面: abject
definition: 【考法1】adj. 无精打采的:cast down in spirit, spiritless
[例] a man made abject by suffering 被苦难折磨得无精打采的人
[近] spiritless
[反] spirited, excited, exultant 狂喜的,令人兴奋的
【考法2】adj.(地位、身份)悲惨、凄凉的:sunk to or existing in a low state or condition
[例] abject poverty 让人绝望的贫穷
【考法3】adj. 卑微的,讨好的:expressing or offered in a humble and often ingratiating spirit
[例] abject flattery 卑躬屈膝般的恭维‖an abject apology 讨好般的道歉
[近] base, humble, menial, servile, slavish
symbol: ['æbʤekt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ab- [away] + ject [throw], throw (spirit) away → a. 无精打采的;throw away (by society) → a. (地位、身份) 悲惨、凄凉的;throw (dignity) away → a. 卑微的,讨好的
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position: (1, 2)

正面: abjure
definition: 【考法1】v. 发誓放弃:a firm and final rejecting or abandoning often made under oath
[例] abjure one's belief 发誓放弃信仰
[近] recant, renege, renounce, abnegate, forswear, repudiate
[反] affirm, espouse, embrace 接受,拥护
【考法2】v. 抵制,避免:to resist the temptation of
[例] abjure extravagance 抵制铺张浪费
[近] keep(from), refrain(from), withhold(from)
[反] bow to, give in to, submit to, succumb to, surrender to, yield to 屈从于
symbol: [əb'ʤʊr]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ab- [away] + jur [swear] + -e [v.], swear (being) away → v. 发誓放弃;抵制,避免
[注] 词根jur表示swear [发誓],是一个法律术语 (jury [陪审团],jurist [法官] )
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position: (1, 2)

正面: abnegate
definition: 【考法1】v. 否认:deny, renounce
[例] abnegate the idea of freedom 放弃自由的观念
[近] recant, renege, repudiate, unsay, forswear, take back
[反] reaffirm 再肯定,重申
【考法2】v. 投降,放弃,交出(权力等):surrender, relinquish
[例] abnegate her powers 交出她拥有的权力
[近] cede, resign, step aside(from), step down(from)
[反] adhere to 依附;坚持
symbol: ['æbnɪgeɪt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ab- [away] + neg [deny] + -ate [v.], deny → v. 否认;deny, away (from) → v. 投降,放弃,交出 (权力等)
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position: (1, 2)

正面: abominate
definition: 【考法】v. 憎恶:to hate or loathe intensely, abhor
[例] We abominate jokes that make fun of people who have physical disabilities. 我们鄙视拿有生理缺陷的人开玩笑。
[近] despise, detest, execrate, loathe
[反] esteem, love, adore 尊敬,爱
symbol: [ə'bɑ:mɪneɪt]
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正面: aboveboard
definition: 【考法】adj. 无欺诈的,光明正大的:free from all traces of deceit or duplicity
[例] This transaction was totally aboveboard, so there was no reason to question it. 这项交易完全公开公正,没有必要质疑。
[反] surreptitious, underhanded 偷偷摸摸的
symbol: [ə'bʌvbɔ:rd]
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正面: abrade
definition: 【考法】v. 磨损,精神上折磨:to rub or wear away especially by friction; wear down spiritually
[例] My skin was abraded. 我的皮肤被磨损了。
[近] chafe, excoriate, rasp, graze, scuff
[反] augment 增加
symbol: [ə'breɪd]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ab- [away] + rad [词根ras, scrape, 刮磨] + -e [v.], scrape away → v. 磨损,精神上折磨
[注] 词根rad, ras 表示“刮磨 [scrape]”, erase [抹去,擦去] 字面含义“scrape [ras] out [e-=ex-]”,名词形式eraser [擦除器,橡皮]
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position: (1, 2)

正面: abridge
definition: 【考法1】v. 缩短,缩小:to shorten in duration or extent
[例] The modern transportation abridges distance. 现代运输方式缩短了路途。
[近] curtail, truncate, cut back
[反] extend in length, protract, amplify 延长,放大
【考法2】v. 在不改变本意的条件下删减词语,缩写:to shorten by omission of words without sacrifice of sense
[例] an abridged edition 精简版
[近] abbreviate, curtail, condense, syncopate
symbol: [ə'brɪʤ]
zhuji: 【记】a一座，bridge短，桥－一座桥把路缩短了－缩短
zhuji3000: 【联】 a + bridge [桥], 桥直通两地,缩短距离 → v. 缩短,缩小;(写作上) 缩短 → v. 在不改变本意的条件下删减词语,缩写
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position: (1, 2)

正面: abrogate
definition: 【考法1】v. 官方的正式废除:to abolish by authoritative action, annul
[例] abrogate the law/treaty 废除法律、条约
[近] disannul, invalidate, nullify, quash, rescind, roll back, strike down
[反] embrace, uphold, institute 采纳;支持;建立
【考法2】v. 无视(某事的)存在:to treat as nonexistent
[例] abrogate their responsibilities 抛开、不顾他们的责任
symbol: ['æbrəgeɪt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ab- [away] + rog [ask] + -ate [v.], 要求…away → v. 官方的正式废除;away (from) asking, 不过问 → v. 无视 (某事的) 存在
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position: (1, 2)

正面: abscond
definition: 【考法】v. 偷偷离开:to depart secretly and hide oneself
[例] abscond from the prison 越狱
[近] flee, lam, run off, break out(of), clear out
symbol: [əb'skɑ:nd]
zhuji3000: 【根】 abs- [away] + cond [藏起来], store away → v. 偷偷离开
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正面: absolute
definition: 【考法1】adj. 专制的:unconstrained by constitutional or other provisions
[例] absolute ruler 专制的统治者
[近] arbitrary, autocratic, despotic, dictatorial, monocratic, tyrannical
【考法2】adj. 无限的:unqualified in extent or degree; total
[例] absolute silence 鸦雀无声
[近] complete, utter, deadly, downright, out-and-out
[反] qualified 有限的,有保留的
【考法3】adj. 完美的,纯净不掺杂的:free from imperfection; free or relatively free from mixture
[例] absolute alcohol 无水酒精(纯酒精)
[近] plain, refined, unadulterated, unalloyed, undiluted, unmixed
[反] adulterated, alloyed, diluted, impure, mixed 掺杂的,不纯的
【考法4】adj. 不容置疑的,确凿的:positive, unquestionable
[例] absolute proof 确凿的证据
[近] clear, deciding, decisive, definitive
[反] inconclusive, indecisive, unclear 不明确的
symbol: ['æbsəlu:t]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ab- [away] + solut [loosen] + -e [a.], loosen away from (constrains, etc.), 形容某事物“没有被 (能够影响它的东西) 约束或沾染”,(君主的权力) 没有被约束 → a. 专制的;(数量或程度上) 没有约束 → a. 无限的;没有沾染 (不好的东西) → a. 完美的,纯净不掺杂的;没有沾染 (削弱效力的东西) → a. 不容置疑的,确凿的
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position: (1, 3)

正面: absolve
definition: 【考法】v. 使无罪,解除责任:to set free from an obligation or the consequences of guilt, exculpate
[例] absolve somebody from blame 使某人免受责备
[近] acquit, exonerate, vindicate
[反] blame, criminate, incriminate 定罪
symbol: [əb'zɑ:lv]
zhuji: 【记】ab远离，solve解决－远离解决－免除
zhuji3000: 【根】 ab- [away] + solv [loosen] + -e [v.], loosen away (from guilt) → v. 使无罪,解除责任
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position: (1, 3)

正面: abstain
definition: 【考法】v. 自我克制,主动戒绝:to refrain from something by one's own choice
[例] abstain from smoking/voting 戒烟;弃权
[近] forgo, keep from, refrain from, withhold(from)
[反] bow to, give in to, submit to, succumb to, surrender to, yield to 屈服于
symbol: [əb'steɪn]
zhuji3000: 【根】 abs- [away] + tain [hold], away (from) “hold”, 不再持有 → v. 自我克制,主动戒绝
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position: (1, 3)

正面: abstemious
definition: 【考法】adj.(吃喝等)有节制的,节俭的:marked by restraint especially in the consumption of food or alcohol, sparing
[例] an abstemious diet 有节制的饮食‖abstemious meals 节俭的饭餐
[近] continent, temperate, self-abnegating, self-denying
[反] indulgent 放纵的
symbol: [əb'sti:miəs]
zhuji: 【记】ab离开，tem（拉丁文temetum＝mead蜜酒）－不喝酒－节制的ab离开，stem（植物的茎），ious多：离开植物很多的－不吃饭了－饮食适度的。
zhuji3000: 【联】 abs- [away] + tem [tin, hold] + - (i) ous [a.], 不再拿起 (烟酒) → a. (吃喝等) 有节制的,节俭的
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position: (1, 3)

正面: abstract
definition: 【考法1】vt. 做总结,概括:to make an abstract of, summarize
[例] abstract the 135-page report in three short paragraphs 将一份135页的报告概括为三段话
[近] digest, recapitulate, synopsize, sum up, boil down
[反] elaborate 详细描述
【考法2】vt. 使分心:to draw away the attention of
[例] Personal problems abstracted him. 私人问题让他分心。
[近] detract, divert, call off, throw off
[派] abstraction n. 心不在焉
[反] attention 关注
symbol: [æb'strækt]
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position: (1, 3)

正面: abstruse
definition: 【考法】adj. 难以理解的:difficult to comprehend: recondite
[例] the abstruse calculations 复杂深奥的计算
[近] arcane, esoteric, hermetic(also hermetical), recondite
[反] accessible, patent, shallow, superficial 可了解的,肤浅的
symbol: [əb'stru:s]
zhuji: 【记】abs＝ab离开，truse发音酷似truth真理。何谓离开真理？就叫她假理、歪理吧！既然是假理、歪理定然不太正常，叫人难以理解，所以深奥的，难深奥的没有理解＝看不见的没有视觉
zhuji3000: 【联】 abs- [away] + truse [truth], away from “truth”, 与认为的真理不一致 → a. 难以理解的
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position: (1, 3)

正面: absurd
definition: 【考法】adj. 不合理的:ridiculously unreasonable, unsound, or incongruous
[例] an absurd argument 无稽之谈
[近] wild, bizarre, ludicrous, insane, nonsensical, preposterous, half-baked
[反] rational, sensible, realistic, reasonable 理性的,合理的
symbol: [əb'sɜ:rd]
zhuji3000: 【联】 ab- [away] + surd [sound], away from (being) sound → a. 不合理的
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position: (1, 3)

正面: abundant
definition: 【考法】adj. 大量的:marked by great plenty(as of resources)
[例] an abundant land 一片富饶的土地
[近] ample, cornucopian, teeming, replete, abounding
[反] infrequent, rare, uncommon, inadequate, scanty, scarce 稀少的,罕见的
symbol: [ə'bʌndənt]
zhuji3000: 【记】 ab- [away] + und [flow] + -ant [a.], (水) 多得流走 → a. 大量的
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position: (1, 3)

正面: abuse
definition: 【考法1】v. 辱骂,抨击:to condemn or vilify usually unjustly, intemperately, and angrily
[例] He alleged that he was verbally abused by his colleagues. 他声称受到了同事的言语攻击。
[近] assail, bash, castigate, excoriate, lambaste
[派] abusive adj. 辱骂的
【考法2】v. 不正当或不合理使用:to put to a wrong or improper use; 过分过量使用:to use excessively
[例] abuse a privilege 滥用特权‖abuse alcohol 酗酒
[近] misemploy, misuse
symbol: [ə'bju:z]
zhuji: 【记】ab离开，use用－用不好，不好用－滥用，辱骂
zhuji3000: 【根】 ab- [away] + use [v.], 偏离“正确的使用” → v. 辱骂,抨击;不正当或不合理使用
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position: (1, 3)

正面: abut
definition: 【考法】v. 邻接,毗邻:to touch at one end or side; lie adjacent
[例] Our land abuts a wildlife preserve. 我们的土地靠近一片野生动物保护区。
[近] skirt, verge on, border on, butt on, march with
symbol: [ə'bʌt]
zhuji: 【记】a一个，but但是。何谓连词？就是连接两个分句的词，引申为连接两个国家的边界。a一再，bet赌博。记住，这不是你的错，一定是有人教唆你，因为麻将三缺一！
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position: (1, 3)

正面: abysmal
definition: 【考法1】adj. 极低的,极可怜的:immeasurably low or wretched
[例] abysmal living conditions 极可怜的生活条件
[近] bottomless
【考法2】adj.(程度)很深的;极端的:immeasurably great
[例] abysmal ignorance 极端的无知‖an abysmal cliff 深不见底的悬崖
[近] profound
[反] shallow, shoal, skin-deep, superficial 浅的;肤浅的
symbol: [ə'bɪzməl]
zhuji: 【记】该词源于abyss n 深渊，深坑。发音酷似我必死。背GRE单词是很痛苦的一件事情，一旦想不开，跳崖自尽，必死无疑！因为你不是张无忌，也不是小龙女！！
zhuji3000: 【根】 a- [without] + bysm [base, bottom] + -al [a.], without base, 无底的 (形容深的程度) → a. (程度) 很深的,极端的;处境低微,“人生的低谷” → a.极低的,极可怜的
【派】 abyss [n. 深渊]
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position: (1, 4)

正面: accede
definition: 【考法1】v. 赞成:to express approval or give consent
[例] accede to their pleas 同意他们的请愿
[近] acquiesce, assent, consent, subscribe, come round
[反] demur, dissent [反]对
【考法2】v. 就任,就职:to arrive at or come into an office or dignity
[例] accede to the throne 就任国王
symbol: [ək'si:d]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ac- [ad-, to] + ced [go] + -e [v.], go to (an agreement) → v. 赞成;go to (an office) → v. 就任,就职
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position: (1, 4)

正面: accelerate
definition: 【考法1】v. 加速:to cause to move faster
[例] accelerate his steps 他加快脚步
[近] balloon, escalate, snowball, mushroom, proliferate, burgeon, build up
[反] retard 减速
【考法2】v. 使提前发生:to bring about at an earlier time
[例] accelerate their departure 提前离开
【考法3】v. 变大,变多:to become greater in size, extent, volume, amount, or number
[例] Toy purchases accelerate dramatically during the Christmas season. 玩具销售量在圣诞期间暴涨。
[近] accumulate, balloon, enlarge, escalate, mushroom, proliferate, snowball, roll up
[反] contract, decrease, diminish, dwindle, lessen, recede, wane 减小,减少
symbol: [ək'seləreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】来自拉丁语accelerare，ac＝ad到+celerare加急（celer快，迅速）
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position: (1, 4)

正面: accessible
definition: 【考法1】adj. 可以到达的:situated within easy reach
[例] the town accessible by rail 有铁路通达的城镇
[近] handy, reachable
[反] inconvenient, unhandy, unreachable, untouchable 无法到达的,不方便的
【考法2】adj. 可理解的:capable of being understood or appreciated
[例] The information ought to be made more accessible. 信息应该更清晰易懂。
[近] apprehensible, fathomable, legible, scrutable
[反] abstruse, incoherent, incomprehensible, inscrutable, insensible 深奥的;难以理解的
【考法3】adj. 能够获得的:possible to get
[例] The data is not currently accessible. 该数据目前还不可用。
[近] available, attainable, obtainable, procurable
[反] unattainable, unavailable, unobtainable 无法获得的
symbol: [ək'sesəbl]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ac- [ad-, to] + cess [go] + -ible [a., able], (destination) able to go to → a. 可以到达的;(intelligently) able to go to → a. 可以理解的;able to access, 能够接近,引申 → a. 能够获得的
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position: (1, 4)

正面: accessory
definition: 【考法1】adj. 辅助的,附属的:having a secondary, supplementary, or subordinate function
[例] accessory features such as call-waiting 类似呼叫等待的附属功能
[近] peripheral, supplementary
[反] of primarily importance, chief, main, principal 主要的
【考法2】n. 帮凶:one associated with another in wrongdoing
[例] Two accessories, the driver of the getaway car and the dishonest bank teller, were charged in the robbery case. 两个帮凶,逃逸车辆的司机和不诚信的银行出纳,在抢劫案中被控告。
[近] abettor, confederate
symbol: [ək'sesəri]
zhuji: 【记】ac读音：我可，cess走，我可以走了，因为我只是附属。刚入门（access）一般都要当下属。
zhuji3000: 【根】 ac- [ad-] + cess [go] + -ory [a.&n.], go to (an organization) , 加入 (组织) 的 → a. 辅助的,附属的;辅助 (做坏事) 的人 → n. 帮凶
[注] accessory可看做accede [入职,加入] 的形容词形式。当一个人加入一个组织,那么他对这个组织来讲就是“辅助的,附属的”。
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position: (1, 4)

正面: accidental
definition: 【考法1】adj. 意外发生的,偶然的:occurring unexpectedly or by chance
[例] The discovery of gold was entirely accidental. 黄金的发现纯属偶然。
[近] incidental, fortuitous, unintended, unintentional, unpremeditated, unwitting
[反] calculated, deliberate, intended, planned, premeditated 预先计划好的
【考法2】adj. 附带的,不重要的:not being a vital part of or belonging to something
[例] Its commercial value was accidental. 它的商业价值微乎其微。
[近] alien, extraneous, external, adventitious
[反] inherent, innate, intrinsic 内在的,固有的
symbol: [ˌæksɪ'dentl]
zhuji: 【记】来自accident（n 事故，意外）cid掉，苹果落下是意外的，但牛顿从中发现必然的规律。
zhuji3000: 【根】 ac- [ad-, to] + cid [fall] + -ent [n.] + -al [a.], to fall, 事件的偶然降临, by accident → a. 意外发生的,偶然的;〈联〉像落 [cid] 叶一样 (随着秋风飘落,对这个世界毫无影响) → a. 附带的,不重要的
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position: (1, 4)

正面: acclimate
definition: 【考法】vt. 使适应:to change(something)so as to make it suitable for a new use or situation
[例] acclimate oneself to a nine-to-five office job 适应朝九晚五的坐班生活
[近] adjust, accommodate, shape, suit, tailor
[反] make unfamiliar with 使不熟悉
symbol: ['ækləmeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ac朝向，climate气候－适应气候－服水土
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position: (1, 4)

正面: accolade
definition: 【考法1】n. 同意,赞赏:an expression of approval
[例] The director won virtually every accolade that the film world offered. 这位导演赢得了电影界几乎一致的赞赏。
[近] applause, credit, distinction
[反] disapprobation 不赞成
【考法2】v. 赞扬:to praise or honor
[反] excoriate, criticise, reprobate, castigate, derogate, reproof, denigrate, denunciate 批评,谴责
symbol: ['ækəleɪd]
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position: (1, 4)

正面: accommodate
definition: 【考法1】v. 提供所需(例如服务、借贷、寄宿):to provide with something desired, needed, or suited(as a helpful service, a loan, or lodgings)
[例] This cruise ship was big enough to accommodate over 600 people. 该游轮可以为600多人提供食宿。
[近] fit, hold, take
【考法2】v. 改变以适应新情况、新场景:to change(something)so as to make it suitable for a new use or situation
[例] accommodate the lectern to the height of the guest speaker 将讲台的高度调节得适合客座讲演者
[近] acclimate, adjust, condition, conform, doctor, edit, shape, suit, tailor
【考法3】vt. 使和谐:to bring to a state free of conflicts, inconsistencies, or differences
[例] The idea that the United States could harmoniously accommodate all was a fiction. 认为美国能够和谐一切的想法只是幻想。
[近] attune, conciliate, conform, coordinate, reconcile
[反] disharmonize 使不和谐
symbol: [ə'kɑ:mədeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】commod适合的－使人合适－提供食宿－供应
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position: (1, 4)

正面: accost
definition: 【考法】vt. 以挑衅的形式搭讪:to approach and speak to often in a challenging or aggressive way
[例] accosted by three gang members 被三个混混搭讪
symbol: [ə'kɔ:st]
zhuji: 【记】中间有cost（花费），和人（尤其是妓女）搭讪后要花钱。
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position: (1, 4)

正面: accrete
definition: 【考法】v. 逐渐增长:to grow or increase gradually, as by addition
[例] silt accreting at the mouth of the river 泥沙在河口淤积
[近] accumulate, build up, pile(up), stack(up)
[反] wear away 衰退
[派] accretion n. 慢慢增加
symbol: [æ'kri:t]
zhuji: 【记】ac一再，crete＝create创造－一再创造－增加
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position: (1, 5)

正面: accumulate
definition: 【考点】vi. 逐渐增长:to increase gradually in quantity or number
[例] accumulate a fortune 积攒了一笔财富
[近] mount, swell, garner, snowball, build up, bulk(up)
[反] dissipate, diminish, dwindle, recede, wane 消散,减少
symbol: [ə'kju:mjəleɪt]
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position: (1, 5)

正面: acerbic
definition: 【考法】adj.(心情、心境或者语调)尖酸的:marked by the use of wit that is intended to cause hurt feelings
[例] acerbic commentary 尖酸的评论
[近] pungent, sardonic, satiric, scalding, scathing
[反] sweet, saccharine 甜的
[派] acerbity n. 尖酸,刻薄
symbol: [ə'sɜ:rbɪk]
zhuji: 【记】acerbity[SAT]（n 苦涩，刻薄）；acerb（adj 酸涩的，刻薄的）读：a涩bic－苦涩的
zhuji3000: 【记】 (话语等) 尖酸刻薄 → a. (心情、心境或者语调) 尖酸的
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position: (1, 5)

正面: acme
definition: 【考法1】n. 顶点,极点:the highest point or stage, as of achievement or development
[例] the acme of his career 他事业的巅峰
[近] culmination, pinnacle, tip-top, high-water mark
[反] bottom, nadir, rock bottom 最低点
【考法2】n. 最佳典范:the most perfect type or example
[例] The movie has come to be regarded as the acme of the Hollywood musical. 这部影片被认为是好莱坞音乐剧的典范。
[近] apotheosis, epitome, exemplar
symbol: ['ækmi]
zhuji: 【记】ac＝AC，me读：米，连读：AC米兰
zhuji3000: 【记】 (山的) 顶尖 → n. 顶点,极点;顶尖 (的例子) → n.最佳典范
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position: (1, 5)

正面: acquiesce
definition: 【考法】v. 勉强同意;默许:to accept, comply, or submit tacitly or passively
[例] acquiesce to my own fleecing 默许我的敲竹杠行为
[近] assent, consent, subscribe, come round
[反] resist, defy, dissent 抵制,不同意
symbol: [ˌækwi'es]
zhuji: 【记】acquire（vt 获得；学到），quiet安静＝安静的获得学到＝默认
zhuji3000: 【根】 ac- [ad-, to] + qui [quiet, 安静的] + -esce [v., become], to become quiet, 变得安静 (不再提出异议) → v. 勉强同意;默许
[注] 动词后缀-esce表示“变得 [become] …”,对应的形容词 (或名词) 后缀是-escent [-esc (e) + -ent]。adolescent [青少年的;青少年] 字面含义“to [ad-] become [-escent] older [ol], to grow”,指“处于 (快速) 成长时期的青少年”,其中的词根ol表示grow [生长] 的含义,old [变老] 是“grow”的结果,正如青少年成长为成年人 [adult]。
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position: (1, 5)

正面: acrid
definition: 【考法1】adj. 辛辣的,刺鼻的:sharp and harsh or unpleasantly pungent in taste or odor: irritating
[例] acrid smell of tobacco 烟草刺鼻的味道
【考点2】adj. 刻薄的:marked by the use of wit that is intended to cause hurt feelings
[例] acrid temper 刻薄的性情
[反] gentle 温和的
symbol: ['ækrɪd]
zhuji: 【记】源于拉丁语acer表示尖锐；acid酸＋r＝辛辣的，刻薄的
zhuji3000: 【记】 (味觉、嗅觉) 锋利 → a. 辛辣的,刺鼻的;(话语) 锋利 → a. 刻薄的
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position: (1, 5)

正面: acrimonious
definition: 【考法】adj. 刻薄的,充满仇恨的:having or showing deep-seated resentment
[例] the acrimonious debate between the two candidates 两位候选人之间言辞激烈的辩论
[近] embittered, hard, rancorous, resentful, sore
symbol: [ˌækrɪ'moʊniəs]
zhuji3000: 【联】 acrid → a. 刻薄的,充满仇恨的
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position: (1, 5)

正面: acumen
definition: 【考法】n. 不同寻常的洞察力和鉴别力:exceptional discernment and judgment especially in practical matters
[例] the business acumen 商业方面的洞察力
[近] keenness, shrewdness, canniness, clear-sightedness, hardheadedness
[反] unable to discern 不能辨别的
symbol: ['ækjəmən]
zhuji: 【记】acu尖，men表示名词，人－尖的人，设想一个人削尖了脑袋钻进一项事业中去，那么他一定会具备敏锐的洞察力。
zhuji3000: 【记】 (思维) 锐利、敏锐 → n.不同寻常的洞察力和鉴别力
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position: (1, 5)

正面: acute
definition: 【考法1】adj. 敏锐的:marked by keen discernment or intellectual perception especially of subtle distinctions, penetrating
[例] an acute thinker 思维敏锐的思想者
[近] delicate, fine, keen, perceptive, sensitive
【考法2】adj. 严重的,急性的:needing immediate attention
[例] acute appendicitis 急性阑尾炎
[近] exigent, imperative, compelling, urgent
[反] mild, noncritical, nonurgent 轻微的,不严重的
【考法3】adj.(程度、影响)极强的:extreme in degree, or effect
[例] She was experiencing acute distress over the misunderstanding with her best friend. 她因与死党之间发生误会而陷入了深深的痛苦中。
[近] dreadful, excruciating, profound
[反] light, moderate, soft 温和的
symbol: [ə'kju:t]
zhuji3000: 【记】 (思维) 锐利 → a. 敏锐的;sharp, 来得突然而且强烈 → a. 严重的,急性的;(程度、影响) 极强的
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position: (1, 5)

正面: adamant
definition: 【考法】adj. 固执的,不可动摇的:unshakable or insistent especially in maintaining a position or opinion, unyielding; inflexible
[例] adamant about staying here 执意留下来
[近] hardheaded, headstrong, intransigent, pertinacious, obdurate, uncompromising
[反] vacillatory, incline to yield, amenable, compliant, relenting, yielding 动摇的,易屈从的
symbol: ['ædəmənt]
zhuji: 【记】a一个，dam大坝，ant蚂蚁＝一个大坝上的蚂蚁。在一座雄壮的大坝上，我认识了一只蚂蚁！它正在凛冽的寒风中背单词！！！正是他启发了我写这本书，正是他——坚强的蚂蚁、固执的蚂蚁——激励我不断向上。同学们，学学蚂蚁同志吧！抛开儿女私情，投入到背单词的伟大事业中去！！！
zhuji3000: 【记】 a- [not] + dam [damage] + -ant [a.], 无法破坏 → a. 固执的,不可动摇的
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position: (1, 5)

正面: adapt
definition: 【考法】v. 修改,使(适应):to modify according with the changing circumstances
[例] adapt to the change 适应变化‖adapt the novel for the screen 改编小说为影视作品
[近] adj.st, conform, edit, accommodate, shape, suit, tailor
symbol: [ə'dæpt]
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position: (1, 6)

正面: addict
definition: 【考法1】[ə'dɪkt] v. 沉溺,上瘾:to devote or surrender(oneself)to something habitually or obsessively
[例] be addicted to drug/alcohol 沉溺于毒品、酒
【考法2】['ædɪkt] n. 对某事上瘾的人:a person with a strong and habitual liking for something
[例] science-fiction addicts who eagerly await each new installment in the series 科幻小说爱好者,等待着系列的每一次更新
[近] devotee, enthusiast, fanatic, maniac
[反] nonfan 非粉丝
symbol: None
zhuji: 【记】ad一再，dict要求，宣判－一再要求抽大烟－上瘾
zhuji3000: 【根】 ad- [to] + dict [say], to say (repeatedly) , 不断地说 → v. 沉溺,上瘾 n. 对某事上瘾的人
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position: (1, 6)

正面: adhere
definition: 【考法1】v. 依附,粘着:to cause to stick fast
[例] adhere to the surface 附着在表面
[近] cleave, cling, hew
[反] detach 分离
【考法2】v. 服从,遵守:to act according to the commands of
[例] adhere to the rules 遵守规定
[近] cling to, hew to, stand by, stick to, comply with
[反] defy, disobey, rebel against 不服从,[反]抗
【考法3】v. 坚定地支持:to give steadfast support to
[例] Our coach adheres to the belief that we can win this game if we just have a positive attitude. 我们的教练坚定地相信,只要我们有积极的态度,就能拿下比赛。
[近] keep to, stand by, stick to or with
[反] defect from 叛变
[派] adherent n. 追随者:a follower of a leader, party, or profession
[反] forerunner 先行者
symbol: [əd'hɪr]
zhuji: 【记】ad朝向，here粘，坚持
zhuji3000: 【根】 ad- [to] + her [stick] + -e [v.], stick to → v. 依附,粘着;服从,遵守;坚定地支持
【联】 ad- [to, 加强语气] + here [ad. 在这里], “(永远) 在这里” → 坚守,坚定地支持
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position: (1, 6)

正面: adjourn
definition: 【考法】vi. 延期,休会:to suspend a session indefinitely or to another time or place
[例] The meeting adjourned for a week. 会议延期一周。
[近] prorogate, prorogue, recess, suspend
[反] convoke 召集,召开会议
symbol: [ə'ʤɜ:rn]
zhuji: 【记】ad朝向，journ＝journey旅行。中国还是一个腐败的社会。从中国国家机关的开会制度就可以看出来。尤其是对于地点的选择，总是选一些风景名胜区，譬如九寨沟和张家界。因为在休会期间，这些领导们可以顺便花公款旅游一翻。
zhuji3000: 【联】 ad- [to] + journ [day], to (a) day, to another day → vi. 延期,休会
[注] 词根journ相当于day,例如journal [杂志] 原指“记录每天 [journ] 发生的事件”
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position: (1, 6)

正面: adjunct
definition: 【考法】n. 附属物,非必须部分:something joined or added to another thing but not essentially a part of it
[例] Massage therapy can be used as an adjunct along with the medication. 按摩治疗可以作为药物治疗的补充疗法。
[近] appendage, appliance, attachment, add-on
[反] essential element 重要部分
symbol: ['æʤʌŋkt]
zhuji: 【记】1）ad朝向，junct结合，连接－朝向连接－附属物2）ad＝add增加，jun拼音：菌－加入菌－显然是一种添加剂，附属物。
zhuji3000: 【根】 ad- [to] + junct [join], join to, 附加 → n. 附属物,非必需部分
[注] 词根junct表示join [连接],例如juncture [n. 连接, 接缝] 。
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position: (1, 6)

正面: ad-lib
definition: 【考法】adj. 即兴的:made or done without previous thought or preparation
[例] not bad for an ad-lib comedy routine 对即兴喜剧表演来说已经不错了
[近] extemporary, impromptu, improvisational, offhanded
[反] considered, planned, premeditated, rehearsed 预先计划的
symbol: [ˌæd'lɪb]
zhuji: 【记】ad＝add增加，lib＝lip嘴唇－增加嘴唇。正常人只有两片嘴唇。但是某些人有三片，譬如李洪志。这种人巨能喷，说好听点儿，这叫即兴演讲。
zhuji3000: 【联】 ad- [to] + lib [free] , 自由发挥 → a. 即兴的
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position: (1, 6)

正面: admonish
definition: 【考法1】v. 建议:to give advice to
[例] admonish the patient to eat more healthy foods 建议患者多吃健康食品
[近] counsel
【考法2】v. 责备:to reprove gently but earnestly
[例] admonish her for littering 责备她乱扔垃圾
[近] chide, reprimand, reproach, reprove, tick off
[派] admonishment n. 责备
symbol: [əd'mɑ:nɪ∫]
zhuji: 【记】ad一再，mon警告－警告ad，moni＝monitor（n 班长；监听器；vt 监控），sh：负责警告学生
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position: (1, 6)

正面: adore
definition: 【考法1】vt. 喜爱,因…感到愉悦:to take pleasure in
[例] I adore those earrings. 我相中那对耳环了。
[近] fancy, relish, savor, delight in, rejoice in
【考法2】vt. 宠爱:to feel passion, devotion, or tenderness for
[例] adore his wife 宠爱他的妻子
[近] cherish
[反] abhor, abominate, despise, detest, execrate, loathe 讨厌,嫌弃
symbol: [ə'dɔ:r]
zhuji: 【记】ad一再，ore讲话，祈祷－一再想和某人讲话－崇拜（某人）；
zhuji3000: 【根】 ad- [to] + or [speak, pray] + -e (v.), pray or speak to, (向神或某人) 倾诉 → vt. 喜爱,因…感到愉悦;宠爱
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position: (1, 6)

正面: adulate
definition: 【考法】v. 极度谄媚:to praise too much
[例] incompetent assistants who spend all their time adulating her 成天恭维她的不称职的下属
[近] overpraise, belaud, soft-soap, butter up
[反] scorn, disdain, vituperate, disparage 鄙视
symbol: ['æʤəleɪt]
zhuji: 【记】adult成年人＋ate吃的过去式＝成年人吃饭。成年人吃饭分三种：和女友吃—自吹自擂；和朋友吃—互相吹捧；和老板吃—阿谀奉承。无论怎么吃，都脱离不了谄媚、奉承。
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position: (1, 6)

正面: adulterate
definition: 【考法】vt. 掺杂,加入低等成分:to corrupt, debase, or make impure by the addition of a foreign or inferior substance or element
[例] adulterate its products with cheap additives 在产品中掺杂廉价的添加剂
[近] alloy, contaminate, pollute, taint, water down
[反] enrich, fortify, strengthen 加入(养分)使增强
symbol: [ə'dʌltəreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】adult+er成年人＋ate吃的过去式＝成年人吃饭－喜搀假。成年人吃饭必有酒，但不是人人都巨能喝，而且男人总是好面子的，所以总有人偷偷向酒里掺点儿茶呀、水呀什么的。
zhuji3000: 【根】 ad- [to] + ulter [alter, other] + -ate [v.], 加入其他 (低等成分) → vt. 掺杂,加入低等成分
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position: (1, 6)

正面: adumbrate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 部分地或有保留地揭露:to disclose partially or guardedly
[例] adumbrate a plan 透露计划
[反] revelation 完全显示
【考法2】vt. 预示着:to give a slight indication of beforehand
[例] The strife in Bloody Kansas adumbrated the civil war that would follow. 发生在堪萨斯州的流血冲突预示了之后的南北内战的爆发。
[近] forerun, harbinger, herald, prefigure
symbol: ['ædəmbreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】umber阴影－预示
zhuji3000: 【根】 ad- [to] + umbr [shadow] + -ate [v.], to (cast in) shadow, 给出影子一样的轮廓 → vt. 部分地或有保留地揭露;预示着
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position: (1, 7)

正面: adventitious
definition: 【考法】adj. 外来的,后天的,非内在的:coming from another source and not inherent or innate
[例] Moral considerations are adventitious to the study of art. 道德的考量对于艺术研究来说是不必要的。
[近] alien, extraneous, external, foreign, supervenient
[反] constitutional, essential, intrinsic, inborn, inbred, innate, inherent 天生的,内在的
symbol: [ˌædven'tɪ∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】源于advent基督降临－偶然的，这是基督的一个偶然的想法，他要成为人的样式，以无罪的身体降临人世，担当人的罪孽，完成救赎大功：被钉十架、埋葬、复活、升天。"
zhuji3000: 【根】 ad- [to] + vent [come] + it + -ious [a.], “come” (instead of being innate) → a. 外来的,后天的,非内在的
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position: (1, 7)

正面: adversary
definition: 【考法】n. 敌手,对手:one that contends with, opposes, or resists: enemy
[例] political adversary 政敌
[近] antagonist, foe, opponent
[反] ally, amigo, friend 联盟;朋友
symbol: ['ædvərseri]
zhuji: 【记】来自adverse（adj 不利的，敌对的，相反的）
zhuji3000: 【根】 ad- [to] + vers [turn] + -ary [n.], (person) turn (against) → n. 敌手,对手
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position: (1, 7)

正面: advert
definition: 【考法】vi. 引起注意;提到:to call attention; refer
[例] He adverted to the problem in the opening paragraph. 他开门见山地提出了问题。
[派] advertent adj. 留意的
[反] inattentive, remiss, heedless, negligent 疏忽的
symbol: [əd'vɜ:rt]
zhuji: 【记】ad一再，vert＝vers转－一再转到这个话题－提及ad，vert问她：一再问她出身并提出自己的看法
zhuji3000: 【根】 ad- [to] + vert [turn], (make) turn (to sth.) , 使别人转向 (某事物) → vi. 引起注意,提到
【联】 advertise [v. 作宣传,作广告]
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position: (1, 7)

正面: advocate
definition: 【考法】vt. 支持,提倡:to speak, plead, or argue in favor of; support
[例] advocate traditional teaching methods 提倡传统教学方法
[近] back, champion, endorse, patronize
[反] impugn 提出异议
symbol: ['ædvəkeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】该词原指律师－拥护、支持当事人的人，后引申为拥护者。ad增加，voc号召，呼吁－增加号召，呼吁－拥护
zhuji3000: 【根】 ad- [to] + voc [call] + -ate [v.], to call, 呼吁 → vt.支持,提倡
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position: (1, 7)

正面: affable
definition: 【考法】adj. 和蔼的,温和的:characterized by ease and friendliness
[例] an affable manner 随和的举止
[近] cordial, genial, hospitable, sociable, good-natured, good-tempered, well-disposed
[反] irascible, testy, ill-tempered, unamiable, ungenial 易怒的,不随和的
symbol: ['æfəbl]
zhuji: 【记】1）af朝向，fable（n 寓言）当词根：说，与…交谈－易于交谈的；2）aff读：爱抚，able能－能爱抚别人的－易于接近的，和蔼的
zhuji3000: 【根】 af [ad-, to] + fa [speak] + (a) ble [a.], (easily) speak to → a. 和蔼的,温和的
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position: (1, 7)

正面: affinity
definition: 【考法1】n. 喜欢,倾向:a habitual attraction to some activity or thing
[例] She always had an affinity for nurturing living things. 她总是喜欢养一些活物。
[近] bent, penchant, predilection, predisposition, proclivity, propensity
[反] aversion, repugnance, antipathy 厌恶
【考法2】n. 相似:the fact or state of having something in common
[例] a study showing an affinity between obesity and socioeconomic status 一项显示了肥胖程度和社会经济水 平之间相似性的研究
[近] association, kinship
symbol: [ə'fɪnəti]
zhuji: 【记】1）af一个，fin范围，ity名词后缀－在一个范围内－有密切关系2）affi读：爱抚，ni拼：你，ty读：他－爱抚你和他－亲密关系
zhuji3000: 【根】 af- [ad-, to] + fin [border, end] + -ity [n.], to border, 靠近 → n. 喜欢,倾向
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position: (1, 7)

正面: affluent
definition: 【考法】adj. 富裕的:having a generously sufficient and typically increasing supply of material possessions
[例] affluent society 富裕的社会
[近] opulent, loaded, deep-pocketed, silk-stocking, well-endowed, well-off, well-to-do
[反] needy, impecunious, impoverished, indigent, penurious 贫困的
symbol: ['æfluənt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 af- [ad-, to] + flu [flow] + -ent [a.], flow, (多得) 像水一样源源不断流淌 → a. 富裕的
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position: (1, 7)

正面: aggrandize
definition: 【考法】vt. 增加、提高(力量、财富、地位、声誉)等:to enhance the power, wealth, position, or reputation of
[例] exploit the situation to aggrandize himself 借势而上使得自己地位提升、财富增长
[近] augment, boost, expand, magnify, add(to), pump up
[反] relegate, disparage, efface, abase, demean 降级;贬低
symbol: [ə'grændaɪz]
zhuji: 【记】ag作，grand大，ize动词后缀－把蛋糕作大－扩张
zhuji3000: 【根】 ag- [ad-, to] + grand [grand, great] + -ize [v.], to make grand → v. 增加、提高 (力量、财富、地位、声誉) 等
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position: (1, 7)

正面: aggravate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 加重,恶化:to make worse, more serious, or more severe
[例] Stress and lack of sleep could aggravate the situation. 压力和睡眠不足使情况恶化。
[近] complicate, worsen
[反] alleviate, succor, console, assuage, mitigate, relieve 减轻,抚慰
【考法2】vt. 使恼火:to disturb the peace of mind of(someone)especially by repeated disagreeable acts
[例] It really aggravates me; when I arrived 10 minutes before the stated closing time, the store had closed already. 我在规定的打烊时间前10分钟到达,但发现商店已经关门了,这让我很恼火。
[近] annoy, bother, nettle, vex
symbol: ['ægrəveɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ag作，grav重，ate动词后缀－使加重
zhuji3000: 【根】 ag- [ad-, to] + grav [heavy] + -ate [v.], 使 (程度,例如病情) 变重 → vt. 加重,恶化
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position: (1, 7)

正面: aggregate
definition: 【考法1】['ægrɪgət] n. 集合体:a mass or body of units or parts somewhat loosely associated with one another
[例] An empire is the aggregate of many states under one common head. 帝国是由一个共同领袖领导的若干国家的集合体。
[近] sum, summation, totality
[反] isolated units 隔离的单位
【考法2】['ægrɪgeɪt] v. 集合,聚集:to collect or gather into a mass or whole
[例] aggregate content from many other sites 搜罗集合许多其他网站的内容
[近] coalesce, join together
[反] disperse 分散
[派] disaggregate v. 分解
symbol: None
zhuji: 【记】ag作，greg＝group团体，ate动词后缀－做成团体－聚集
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position: (1, 8)

正面: aggressive
definition: 【考法1】adj. 好斗的:having a quality of anger and determination that makes it ready to attack others
[例] aggressive behavior 具有攻击性的行为
[近] fierce, assaultive, combative, militant, confrontational, go-getting, self-assertive, truculent, pugnacious
[反] even-tempered, nonbelligerent, pacific, uncombative, uncontentious 心平气和的,不好斗的
【考法2】adj. 强有力的,强烈的:marked by or uttered with forcefulness
[例] an aggressive campaign to win the African-American vote 一次能够获得非裔美国人选票的强有力的竞选
[近] dynamic, energetic, full-blooded, vigorous
symbol: [ə'gresɪv]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ag- [ad-, to] + gress [step] + -ive [a.], step to, 踏入 (其他国家的领土) 的 → a. 好斗的;(不断) 迈步的 → a. 强有力的,强烈的
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position: (1, 8)

正面: aggrieve
definition: 【考法】vt. 使苦恼,使悲痛:to give pain or trouble to, distress
[反] gratify 使高兴,满足
[派] aggrieved adj. 苦恼的,怨念的
[例] a line of aggrieved ticket-holders, demanding a refund for the cancelled play 一队心怀怨念的购票者,为取消的话剧要求退款
[近] discontent, disgruntled, displeased, dissatisfied, malcontent
symbol: [ə'gri:v]
zhuji: 【记】来自grieve（v （使）悲痛；（使）伤心；忧伤）
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position: (1, 8)

正面: agitate
definition: 【考法1】v. 煽动,激起:to attempt to arouse public feeling
[例] agitate for better conditions 为得到更好的条件而煽动
[近] debate, dispute, bat(around or back and forth), hash(over or out), talk over
【考法2】vt. 使不安:to excite and often trouble the mind or feelings of: disturb
[例] There's no need to agitate the patient about little things. 没必要因为鸡毛蒜皮的事让患者烦躁。
[近] bother, discomfort, discompose, perturb
[反] calm, compose, soothe, tranquilize 平息,抚慰
symbol: ['æʤɪteɪt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ag [drive] + it + -ate [v.], drive (motion) → v. 煽动,激起 vt. 使不安
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position: (1, 8)

正面: agog
definition: 【考法】adj. 极度感兴趣的:showing urgent desire or interest
[例] Children were agog over new toys. 孩子们见到了新玩具极其兴奋。
[近] avid, ardent, enthusiastic, solicitous, voracious
[反] apathetic, indifferent, uneager, unenthusiastic 漠不关心的,冷淡的
symbol: [ə'gɑ:g]
zhuji: 【记】1）读：我高歌，因为太兴奋了，太激动了2）agog作为词根＝“引导”，如：demagogue（n 煽动政治家）3）agog＝go go，let’s go，去蹦的吧！－有强烈兴趣的
zhuji3000: 【联】 a + go + g (o) → a. 极度感兴趣的
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position: (1, 8)

正面: agonize
definition: 【考法1】vt. 折磨,使痛苦:to cause to suffer agony
[例] She got into more trouble, further agonizing her poor mother. 她惹上了更多的麻烦,进一步加剧了她可怜的母亲所遭受的痛苦。
[近] bedevil, beset, besiege, curse, excruciate, harrow, persecute, plague, rack, torment, torture
[反] comfort, console, solace, soothe 安抚,安慰
[派] agony n. 痛苦;agonizing adj. 痛苦的
【考法2】vi. 感到痛苦:to suffer agony, torture, or anguish
[例] She agonized for days over the moral issues involved. 一连几天她都为卷入的道德纠纷而感到痛苦。
[近] anguish, bleed, hurt, mourn, sorrow, suffer
[反] cheer, crow, delight, exult, joy, rejoice 感到高兴
symbol: ['ægənaɪz]
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position: (28, 2)

正面: airtight
definition: 【考法1】adj. 无瑕疵的:having no noticeable weakness, flaw, or loophole
[例] an airtight argument 滴水不漏、无懈可击的论断
【考法2】adj. 密封的,不透气的:impermeable to air or nearly so
[例] an airtight seal 不透气的封口
symbol: ['ertaɪt]
zhuji: 【记】air空气，tight紧的－紧紧的不让空气跑出去－密封的
zhuji3000: 【根】 air [空气] + tight [密封的],不透空气的 (类似“天衣无缝”) → a. 无瑕疵的;密封的,不透气的
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position: (1, 8)

正面: alacrity
definition: 【考法】n. 反应迅速,乐意,欣然:promptness in response: cheerful readiness
[例] accept the invitation with alacrity 欣然接受邀请
[近] amenability, gameness, obligingness, willingness
[反] dilatoriness, hesitance and reluctance 拖延、犹豫和不情愿
symbol: [ə'lækrəti]
zhuji: 【记】alac读：I like。有乐意的感觉。在ala或ALA下面画一个嘴，感受一下。
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position: (1, 8)

正面: alibi
definition: 【考法】n. 不在场的证明;托辞,借口:an excuse usually intended to avert blame or punishment(as for failure or negligence)
[例] He always has a very creative alibi for undone homework. 他对于不完成作业总是有各种新奇的借口。
[近] defense, justification, plea, reason
symbol: ['æləbaɪ]
zhuji: 【记】a一个，libi读：礼拜－一个礼拜－被告人一般都有一个礼拜的时间找不在场的证据证明自己的清白－不在场证据
zhuji3000: 【记】 ali [another] + bi [be], be (at) another (place) , 在另外的地方 → n. 不在场的证明;托辞,借口
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position: (1, 8)

正面: alienate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使…疏远:to make unfriendly, hostile, or indifferent especially where attachment formerly existed
[例] His heartless treatment of their mother during the divorce proceeding has completely alienated the two children. 他在离婚过程中对妻子表现出来的残酷,已经彻底地让两个孩子与他疏远起来。
[近] alien, disaffect, disgruntle, sour
[反] reconcile 使…重归于好
【考法2】vt. 转让,让渡:to convey or transfer(as property or a right)usually by a specific act rather than the due course of law
[例] A landowner has a right to alienate his right of ownership - in other words, he can sell the land if he wants to. 地主拥有转让所有权的权力——也就是说如果愿意,他可以出售他的土地。
[近] assign, cede, convey, deed, make over
[反] expropriate 接纳他人财产
[派] unalienable adj. 不可予夺的,不可转让的
symbol: ['eɪliəneɪt]
zhuji: 【记】alien外国的－把别人当外国人－疏远某人
zhuji3000: 【根】 ali [another] + en + -ate [v.], (原有的友谊、信任) 转移到了其他的地方,荡然无存 → vt. 使…疏远 (财产或权利) 到了其他人手里 → vt. 转让,让渡
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position: (28, 2)

正面: align
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使排成一行:to bring into line or alignment
[例] align the cars with the curb 使车与路缘对齐
[派] alighed adj. 排成一行的
[反] askew, awry, warped 歪斜的
【考法2】vt. 调准,校准:to adjust to produce a proper relationship or orientation
[例] align the wheels of the truck 调整卡车的轮子
[派] aligned adj. 对准的,均衡的
[反] improperly adjusted, irregular 调整不当的,不规则的
symbol: [ə'laɪn]
zhuji: 【记】a一条，lign＝line线－在一条直线上－结盟，排列，校准al＝all都，ig读：一个，n山洞：都在一个山洞里工作－结盟
zhuji3000: 【根】 a- [ad-, to] + lign [line], to a line → v. 使排成一行;调准,校准
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position: (1, 9)

正面: allay
definition: 【考法】vt. 减轻:to subdue or reduce in intensity or severity, alleviate
[例] allay one's fears or doubts 减轻某人的恐惧或怀疑
[近] assuage, ease, mitigate, mollify, palliate, relieve, soothe, alleviate
[反] excite, aggravate, foment, increase the intensity of, exacerbate 激起,使加重
symbol: [ə'leɪ]
zhuji: 【记】1）读：爱累，所以需要减轻痛苦2）我lay（躺），可以前情减轻痛苦。
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position: (1, 9)

正面: allegiance
definition: 【考法】n. 忠诚:devotion or loyalty to a person, group, or cause
[例] They swore their allegiance to the USA. 他们宣誓效忠美国。
[近] commitment, dedication, piety, faithfulness, steadfastness
[反] inconstancy, infidelity, perfidiousness, treachery 不忠实,背叛
symbol: [ə'li:ʤəns]
zhuji: 【记】leg法律－法律应该拥护all leg iance：全是腿－如果比尔该死说每人发100万美金，底下一定是群情激愤，举双脚赞成（全是腿）－拥护，忠诚读：all立正死，所有人都立正而死－忠诚
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position: (1, 9)

正面: alleviate
definition: 【考法】v. 缓和,减轻:relieve, lessen
[例] alleviate pain/suffering 减轻痛苦
[近] ease, assuage, mitigate, mollify, palliate, soothe, allay, relieve
[反] excite, aggravate, foment, increase the intensity of, exacerbate 激起,使加重
symbol: [ə'li:vieɪt]
zhuji: 【记】1）al一再，lev轻－减轻2）源于relieve（vt 减轻，解除）
zhuji3000: 【根】 al- [ad-, to] + lev [raise] + - (i) ate [v.], 举起 (压在身上的东西) → v. 缓和,减轻
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position: (1, 9)

正面: allude
definition: 【考法】vi. 间接提到:to convey an idea indirectly
[例] He also alluded to his rival's past marital troubles. 他还间接提到了对手过去的婚姻问题。
[近] imply, indicate, infer, insinuate, intimate, suggest
symbol: [ə'lu:d]
zhuji3000: 【联】 al- [ad-, to] + lud [play] + -e [v.], to play (music) , 拨动琴弦,弦外之音 → vi. 间接提到
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position: (1, 9)

正面: allure
definition: 【考法1】vt. 吸引:to attract or delight as if by magic
[近] entice, seduce, solicit, tempt, captivate, enchant, lead on
[派] alluring adj. 诱惑的,有吸引力的
[例] an alluring smile 迷人的微笑
[反] unattractive 无吸引力的
【考法2】v. 诱惑做(某事):to lead away from a usual or proper course by offering some pleasure or advantage
[例] Allured by the promise of big bucks, he decided to have a go at a job on the trading floor of the stock market. 被赚大钱的许诺所引诱,他决定投身股票市场工作。
[近] bait, beguile, decoy, entice, seduce, lead on, tempt, solicit
symbol: [ə'lʊr]
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position: (1, 9)

正面: ally
definition: 【考法1】['ælaɪ] n. 盟友,支持者:one in helpful association with another
[例] enter the war as an ally of America 以美国的同盟者身份加入战争
[近] supporter, confederate, sympathizer
[反] adversary, rival 对手
【考法2】[ə'laɪ] v. 加入联盟:to enter into an alliance
[例] several tribes allied to fend off the invaders 几个部落联合起来抵抗侵略者
[反] disband 解散
symbol: None
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position: (1, 9)

正面: aloft
definition: 【考法】adv. 在空中:in the air especially: in flight(as in an airplane)
[例] The balloon stayed aloft for days. 气球在空中停留了很多天。
[近] overhead
[反] grounded 着陆地
symbol: [ə'lɔ:ft]
zhuji: 【记】loft（n 阁楼，鸽房）－在空中
zhuji3000: 【记】 a- [在] + loft [高] , 在高处 → ad. 在空中
【联】 aboard [在船上] 字面含义“在 [a-] 甲板 [board]上”
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position: (1, 9)

正面: aloof
definition: 【考法】adj. 孤高的,不合群的:removed or distant either physically or emotionally
[例] an aloof church 一座孤零零的教堂‖stood apart with aloof dignity 带着超然的尊严站在一旁
[近] detached, offish, unsociable, withdrawn, standoffish
[反] sociable 好社交的
symbol: [ə'lu:f]
zhuji: 【记】a与f之间有一条长长的loo路－疏远的
zhuji3000: 【联】 aloft [在空中] , (看做将aloft尾辅音t去掉,元音o双写) 在空中,远离别人 → a. 孤高的,不合群的
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position: (1, 9)

正面: altruism
definition: 【考法】n. 利他主义:unselfish regard for or devotion to the welfare of others
[例] ambition that is masked as altruism 利他主义掩盖下的野心
[反] egoism 利己主义
[派] altruistic adj. 利他的
[反] egotistic, self-centered, self-concerned, selfish 自私的
symbol: ['æltruɪzəm]
zhuji3000: 【根】 altr [alter, other] + u + -ism [n.], (习惯于帮助) 别人 → n. 利他主义
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position: (1, 9)

正面: amalgamate
definition: 【考法】v. 合并,混合:to combine into a unified or integrated whole; unite
[例] amalgamate with an American company 与一家美国公司合并
[近] mix, fuse, intermix, compound, meld, mingle, integrate, intermingle
[反] separate, isolate 分开,隔离
symbol: [ə'mælgəmeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】来自单词amalgam（n 汞合金，混合物）
zhuji3000: 【根】 amalg [among] + am + -ate [v.] → v. 合并,混合
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position: (1, 10)

正面: ambiguous
definition: 【考法】adj. 有多种理解方式的;不确定的:open to more than one interpretation; doubtful or uncertain
[例] Students have ambiguous feelings about their role in the world. 学生们为他们在世界中的角色感到迷茫。frustrated by ambiguous instructions因为不明确的指示而受挫
[近] doubtful, equivocal, unclear, uncertain
[反] distinct, pellucid, patent, blatant, explicit, lucid, perspicuous 清楚的,明显的
symbol: [æm'bɪgjuəs]
zhuji: 【记】ambi二方面，guous做…的－做二件事的－含糊的
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position: (1, 10)

正面: amble
definition: 【考法】vi./n. 漫步,闲逛:to walk slowly or leisurely; stroll
[例] Every evening, they ambled along the bank. 他们每晚沿河边散步。
[近] ramble, saunter, stroll, wander, dally, dawdle
[反] step quickly 快走
symbol: ['æmbl]
zhuji3000: 【根】 amb [wander] + -le [v.], wander → vi./n. 漫步,闲逛
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position: (1, 10)

正面: ambrosial
definition: 【考法】adj.(食物)特别美味的;香的:something extremely pleasing to taste or smell
[例] The ambrosial aroma of the roast stimulated our appetites. 烤肉的香气刺激了我们的食欲。
[近] savory, aromatic, perfumed, redolent, odorous
[反] fetid, noisome, stenchy, malodorous, rancid 恶臭的
symbol: [æm'broʊziəl]
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position: (1, 10)

正面: ameliorate
definition: 【考法】vt. 改善,改进:to make or become better; improve
[例] ameliorate the suffering of people who have lost their jobs 缓解失业人员的痛苦
[近] improve, recuperate
[反] aggravate, worsen, deteriorate(使)恶化
[派] ameliorator n. 改良物
[反] damper 抑制因素
symbol: [ə'mi:liəreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】1）a一种，meli拼：茉莉，or或许，ate吃的过去式。一种茉莉或许可以吃。但不表示现在就能吃－要经过改善，改良。现在的茉莉花茶已经深入人心了，或许经过改善、改良，我们就可以吃到美味的鱼香茉莉呀，宫保茉莉呀，铁板茉莉呀什么的！2）meli拼：魔力－用魔力－改善改良
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position: (1, 10)

正面: amenable
definition: 【考法】adj. 顺从的,服从的:readily brought to yield, submit, or cooperate
[例] The high-spirited and rebellious girl is not at all amenable to persuasion. 这个泼辣而反叛的女孩根本不听从劝告。
[近] compliant, docile, submissive, tractable, obedient
[反] intransigent, contumacious 不妥协的;intractable, recalcitrant, refractory 倔强的;uncontrollable, ungovernable, unruly 难管束的
symbol: [ə'mi:nəbl]
zhuji: 【记】a一个，men人，able能…的－一个人能共事－通情达理的amen读：阿门，able－基督教祷告语－基督教徒是通情达理的
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position: (1, 10)

正面: amenity
definition: 【考法1】n.(环境、设备等的)舒适,人性化:something that conduces to comfort, convenience, or enjoyment
[例] the amenity of the new surroundings 新环境的舒适宜人
[近] comfort, convenience, affability
【考法2】n. 融洽,和谐:the quality of being pleasant or agreeable
[例] a discussion conducted in perfect amenity 在和谐融洽的气氛中进行的讨论
[近] agreeability, harmony, accord, concord, consonance
[反] discordance, inharmony 不和谐
symbol: [ə'menəti]
zhuji: 【记】a一个，men男人，ity名词后缀。一个男人。一个男人从某种程度上讲，更是带来愉快的“设施”。
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position: (1, 10)

正面: amiable
definition: 【考法】adj. 好脾气的,友好易相处的:being friendly, sociable, and congenial
[例] an amiable teacher not easily annoyed 一个不易惹恼、易相处的老师
[近] friendly, affable, amicable, genial, easy to get along with
[反] disagreeable, ill-natured, ill-tempered, unamiable, ungenial, ungracious, unpleasant 坏脾气的,令人不愉快的
symbol: ['eɪmiəbl]
zhuji: 【记】ami拼：阿眯。我家有只大花猫，它的名字叫阿眯，虽然食量有点大，但是和蔼又亲切。A一个，mi秘（书），able能：一个小秘能作的事：和蔼亲切
zhuji3000: 【根】 am [love] + - (i) able [a.], (able to) love, 可爱的,友爱的 → a. 好脾气的,友好易相处的
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position: (1, 10)

正面: amicable
definition: 【考法】adj. 友善的:characterized by friendly goodwill; amiable
[例] maintain amicable relations 保持友好关系‖an amicable divorce 和平离婚
[近] friendly, affable, amiable, genial, easy to get along with
[反] antagonistic, hostile, unfriendly 有敌意的
symbol: ['æmɪkəbl]
zhuji3000: 【根】 am [love] + -ic + -able [a.], (able to) love, 类似amiable → a. 友善的
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position: (1, 10)

正面: amity
definition: 【考法】n. 友好关系,亲善和睦:friendship; especially: friendly relations between nations
[例] live in amity with his neighbors 与邻居和睦相处‖They parted in amity. 他们友好地分别了。
[近] friendship
[反] enmity, hostility 敌意
symbol: ['æməti]
zhuji: 【记】ami拼：阿眯，ty表状态－阿眯状态－友好，和睦我们学了三个ami（阿眯）开头的单词，都有亲切友好的意思。"
zhuji3000: 【根】 am [love] + -ity [n.], 友爱 → n. 友好关系,亲善和睦
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position: (1, 10)

正面: amorphous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 无固定形状的:having no definite form: shapeless
[例] an amorphous cloud mass 一团无定形的云
[近] shapeless, unformed, unshaped
【考法2】adj. 不可归类的:being without definite character or nature: unclassifiable
[例] an amorphous segment of society 不可归类的社会阶段
[近] unclassifiable
symbol: [ə'mɔ:rfəs]
zhuji: 【记】a没有，morph读：魔方－形状，ous形容词后缀－不定形的
zhuji3000: 【根】 a- [without] + morph [form] + -ous [a.], without form → a. 无固定形状的;不可归类的
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position: (2, 1)

正面: analgesic
definition: 【考法】n. 镇痛剂:a medication that reduces or eliminates pain
[例] Aspirin is a kind of analgesic. 阿司匹林是一种止痛剂。
[近] anesthetic, anodyne
symbol: [ˌænəl'ʤi:zɪk]
zhuji: 【记】an没有，alge痛，sic药－止痛药
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position: (2, 1)

正面: anarchist
definition: 【考法】n. 反抗权威的人:a person who rebels against any authority, established order, or ruling power
同 rebel, insurgent
[派] anarchy n. 混乱:a state of lawlessness or political disorder due to the absence of governmental authority
[近] chaos, disarray, topsy-turviness, commotion, turmoil
[反] order 有序
symbol: ['ænərkɪst]
zhuji: 【记】an无，不，arch统治，ist人－不喜统治的人－无政府主义者
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position: (2, 1)

正面: anathema
definition: 【考法】n. 诅咒:a ban or curse solemnly pronounced by ecclesiastical authority and accompanied by excommunication
[近] curse, execration, imprecation, malediction
[反] benediction, benison, blessing 祝福
symbol: [ə'næθəmə]
zhuji: 【记】1）原指：逐出教门（正式的宗教禁令、诅咒或逐出教门）2）ana错，them他们，a啊－他们错了啊－所以要诅咒他们3）ana反对，the神，ma妈：反对神的妈妈就会受到－诅咒
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position: (2, 1)

正面: ancillary
definition: 【考法1】adj. 次要的:of secondary importance
[例] The company hopes to boost its sales through ancillary products. 公司想通过辅助产品来增加销量。
[近] subordinate, subsidiary
[反] main, paramount 主要的
【考法2】adj. 辅助的,补充的:auxiliary, supplementary
[例] the need for ancillary evidence 对补充证据的需要‖Some practice in the deft use of words may well be ancillary to the study of natural science. 某些熟练使用文字的练习对于自然科学的研究也是有辅助作用的。
[近] auxiliary, supplementary
symbol: ['ænsəleri]
zhuji: 【记】an一个，cillary读：希拉里。一个希拉里。克林顿的老婆，一个成功男士背后的女人，即是家庭主妇，又是辅助老公执政的好帮手，不过现在小克变成了家庭妇男，小希翻身做了州长了。
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position: (2, 1)

正面: anecdote
definition: 【考法】n. 短小有趣的故事:a usually short narrative of an interesting, amusing, or biographical incident
[例] He told us all sorts of humorous anecdotes about his childhood. 他告诉了我们所有关于他童年的奇闻趣事。
He is a master raconteur with endless anecdotes. 他是讲故事的超级高手,总有讲不完的奇闻趣事。
symbol: ['ænɪkdoʊt]
zhuji: 【记】1）dote vi 溺爱－读：逗她。讲故事哄他开心。2）读：该你逗她。逗女孩儿开心是有技巧的，别老讲那些庸俗的笑话，你可以讲一些酷似真实的故事，不能太长，千万别考验女人的耐心，讲一个又短、又搞笑的故事将达到事半功倍的效果－这种故事又名轶事。
zhuji3000: 【根】 an- [not] + ec- [ex-, out] + dot [don, give] + -e [n.], not (formally) give out, 未被正式发表的“野史” → n. 短小有趣的故事
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position: (2, 1)

正面: anemic
definition: 【考法】adj. 缺乏力量、活力、精神的:lacking force, vitality, or spirit
[例] an anemic economic recovery 毫无活力的经济复苏‖Investors are worried about the stock's anemic performance. 投资者担心股市低迷的表现。
[近] sapless, infirm, feeble, decrepit, wan, pale, pallid, effete, lethargic
[反] vigorous, spirited 精力充沛的;forceful 有力量的
symbol: [ə'ni:mɪk]
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position: (2, 1)

正面: anesthetic
definition: 【考法1】n. 止痛剂:something(as a drug)that relieves pain
[例] The dentist waited until the anesthetic took effect. 牙医一直等到止痛药生效。
[近] analgesic, anodyne
【考法2】adj. 无感觉的,麻木的:lacking awareness or sensitivity
[例] be anesthetic to their feelings 对他们的感受麻木不仁
[反] sensate 有感觉的
symbol: [ˌænəs'θetɪk]
zhuji: 【记】an非，无，esthet感觉－没有感觉－麻醉
zhuji3000: 【记】 an- [not, without] + esthetic [a. 感觉的;审美的] → n. 止痛剂 a. 无感觉的,麻木的
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position: (2, 1)

正面: animate
definition: 【考法1】['ænɪmət] adj. 活的:having or showing life
[例] The lecture was about ancient worship of animate and inanimate objects. 演讲是关于对生命体和非生命体的古代崇拜。
[近] breathing, live, living
[反] dead, expired, deceased, lifeless, nonliving 无生命的
【考法2】adj. 有活力的:having much high-spirited energy and movement
[例] Animate dance will get the blood pumping. 有活力的舞蹈会让人热血沸腾。
[近] bouncing, brisk, energetic, sprightly, vivacious
[反] inactive, lackadaisical, languid, listless, leaden 没有活力的,无精打采的
【考法3】['ænɪmeɪt] vt. 使有活力,支持:to give spirit and support to
[例] The writer's humor animates the novel. 作者的幽默使小说富有生命力。
[近] brace, energize, enliven, invigorate, ginger(up), pep up, vitalize 使有活力
[反] damp, dampen, deaden 使没活力,使沮丧
[派] animation n. 生命力,活力:the quality or condition of being alive, active, spirited, or vigorous
[反] lassitude, lethargy 疲倦,疲乏
【考法4】vt. 使行动,驱使:to move to action
[例] a criminal animated by greed 一个受贪婪驱使的罪犯
[近] goad, prod, spur, galvanize, stimulate
【考法5】vt. 使活灵活现,使栩栩如生:to make or design in such a way as to create apparently spontaneous lifelike movement
[例] Kongfu Panda's very realistic panda was animated by CG. 《功夫熊猫》这部电影通过CG技术使熊猫变得活灵活现。
symbol: None
zhuji: 【记】anim生命，精神，ate表动作－使有生命
zhuji3000: 【根】 anim [life, 生命] + -ate [a.&v.], 有生命的 → a. 活的;有生命力的 → a. 有活力的;使有生命力 → vt. 使有活力,支持;使 (艺术品等) 像具有生命一样 → vt. 使活灵活现,使栩栩如生;使 (某人在某件事上) 有活力、动力 → vt. 使行动,驱使
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position: (2, 1)

正面: animus
definition: 【考法】n. 敌意:a usually prejudiced and often spiteful or malevolent ill will, enmity
[例] She felt no animus toward those who had wronged her. 她对那些冤枉了她的人没有敌意。
[近] animosity, antagonism, antipathy, hostility, rancor
[反] friendliness, amity, amenity 友好
symbol: ['ænɪməs]
zhuji: 【记】anim＝animal动物，us我们。动物与我们之间有敌意。道理同上。把ani磨死－因为我们之间有敌意
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position: (2, 1)

正面: annoy
definition: 【考法】vt. 不断烦扰:to disturb or irritate especially by repeated acts
[例] Mosquitoes annoy us in the summer. 夏天蚊子总是不断烦扰我们。‖The sound of footsteps on the bare floor annoyed the downstairs neighbors. 楼上地板的脚步声吵得楼下住户心烦。
[近] aggravate, bother, chafe, gall, grate, irk, nettle, peeve, pique, rile, ruffle, spite, vex
[反] soothe, defuse, allay, conciliate, propitiate, mitigate, assuage, appease, pacify, placate, calm, settle, subdue, solace, mollify 平息,抚慰
symbol: [ə'nɔɪ]
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position: (2, 2)

正面: annul
definition: 【考法1】vt. 宣告无效,取消:to declare or make legally invalid or void
[例] The marriage was annulled last month. 婚约上个月取消了。
[近] disannul, cancel, invalidate, abrogate, nullify, repeal, rescind
[反] make legal 使合法;enact 制定
【考法2】vt. 抵消:to balance with an equal force so as to make ineffective
[例] Unfortunately, his arrogant attitude annuls the many generous favors he does for people. 不幸的是,他傲慢的态度抵消了他之前对人们的慷慨恩惠。
[近] counterbalance, neutralize
symbol: [ə'nʌl]
zhuji: 【记】读：a no－一个no－宣告无效
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position: (2, 2)

正面: anomalous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 不普通的,不平常的:being out of the ordinary
[例] He is in an anomalous position as the only part-time teacher in XDF. 他和别人不一样的是,他是XDF唯一的兼职老师。
[近] aberrant, abnormal, atypical, phenomenal, singular, uncustomary, unwonted
[反] unexceptional, unextraordinary 普通的,平常的
[派] anomaly n. 反常:deviation or departure from the normal or common order, form, or rule
【考法2】adj. 反常的,不正常的:departing from some accepted standard of what is normal
[例] an anomalous burst of anger from this usually easygoing person 这个随和的人的一反常态的暴怒
[反] natural 自然的;standard 标准的
symbol: [ə'nɑ:mələs]
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position: (2, 2)

正面: anonymous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 匿名的:not named or identified
[例] He made an anonymous phone call to the police. 他给警察打了一个匿名电话。‖The donor wishes to remain anonymous. 捐赠者希望保持匿名身份。
[近] incognito, innominate, unnamed, unidentified, untitled
[反] dubbed, named, termed 有名字的
【考法2】adj. 无特色的:lacking individuality, distinction, or recognizability
[例] the anonymous faces in the crowd 大众脸
symbol: [ə'nɑ:nɪməs]
zhuji: 【记】an非，无，onym名称－无名称的－匿名的
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position: (2, 2)

正面: antagonize
definition: 【考法1】vt. 与…敌对,反对:to act in opposition to: counteract
[例] He did not mean to antagonize you. 他并没有要反对你。‖antagonize a bill 反对一项议案
[近] counteract, disagree
[反] agree, concede, grant, win over(使)同意
【考法2】vt. 激怒:to incur or provoke the hostility of
[例] His remark antagonized his friends. 他的评述激怒了他的朋友。
[近] aggravate, exasperate, gall, inflame, nettle, provoke, peeve, pique, irritate, rile, roil, chafe, grate, ruffle, vex
[反] soothe, defuse, allay, conciliate, propitiate, mitigate, assuage, appease, pacify, placate, calm, settle, subdue, solace, mollify 平息,抚慰
symbol: [æn'tægənaɪz]
zhuji: 【记】ant＝anti反对，敌对，agon竞赛，较量－对抗
zhuji3000: 【联】 ant (i) - [against] + a + gon [角] + -ize [v.], 用角对着 → vt. 与…敌对,反对;激怒
[注] 词根gon表示angle [角],例如polygon [多边形] 字面含义“多 [poly] 角 [gon] (形)”,五角大楼 [the Pentagon] 的pentagon字面含义就是“五 [penta] 角 [gon]”。
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position: (2, 2)

正面: antediluvian
definition: 【考法1】adj. 非常古老的;过时的:extremely old and antiquated
[例] He has antediluvian notions about the role of women in the workplace. 他对职场女性抱有老掉牙的看法。
[近] aged, age-old, prehistoric, antique, immemorial
[反] modern, new, recent 新的
【考法2】n. 保守的人:a person with old-fashioned ideas
[例] an antediluvian who thought a woman without talent is virtuous 一个认为“女子无才便是德”的保守的人
[近] reactionary
[反] modern, trendy 潮人
symbol: [ˌæntidɪ'lu:viən]
zhuji: 【记】原指：《圣经》中所记载的大洪水前的－古老的
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position: (2, 2)

正面: anterior
definition: 【考法】adj. 前面的:coming before in time or development
[例] finish the work anterior to the schedule 提早完成任务‖tests anterior to the college entrance examination 高考前的考试
[近] antecedent, foregoing, former, forward, precedent, preceding, prior
[反] after, ensuing, following, posterior, subsequent, succeeding 后面的,后来的
symbol: [æn'tɪriər]
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position: (2, 2)

正面: antic
definition: 【考法】adj. 滑稽可笑的:characterized by clownish extravagance or absurdity
[例] The clown came on with many antic gestures. 那个小丑上场表演了许多滑稽动作。
[近] chucklesome, comedic, comic, droll, farcical, laughable, ludicrous, hilarious
[反] humorless, unamusing, uncomic, unfunny, unhumorous 不好笑的;grave, serious, solemn, somber 严肃的,庄重的
symbol: ['æntɪk]
zhuji: 【记】源自意大利语 antico一些古罗马雕塑中稀奇古怪的花样，与antique（n 古董）来自同一词源（antique有时是antic的）
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position: (2, 2)

正面: apathy
definition: 【考法1】n. 冷漠,缺乏情感:lack of feeling or emotion
[例] People have shown surprising apathy toward these important social problems. 人们对于这些重要的社会问题显示出了令人惊讶的冷漠。
[近] affectlessness, emotionlessness, impassiveness, impassivity, insensibility, numbness, phlegm
[反] emotion, feeling, sensibility 有感情
【考法2】n. 缺乏兴趣,不关心:lack of interest or concern
[例] She heard the story with apathy. 她毫无兴趣地听完了这个故事。‖Her poor grades are proof enough of her apathy concerning all matters academic. 她可怜的分数足以证明她对所有的学术问题都没兴趣。
[近] disinterestedness, disregard, incuriosity, insouciance, nonchalance, unconcern
[反] concern, interest, regard 关心,有兴趣,在意
symbol: ['æpəθi]
zhuji: 【记】a非，无，path感情－无感情－冷漠
zhuji3000: 【根】 a- [without] + path [feeling] + -y [n.], without feeling → n. 冷漠,缺乏情感;缺乏兴趣,不关心
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position: (2, 2)

正面: aphorism
definition: 【考法】n. 格言,警句:a short witty sentence which expresses a general truth or comment
[例] When decorating, remember the familiar aphorism,“less is more.”装修时需要记住一句格言“少即是多”。
[近] adage, epigram, maxim, proverb
symbol: ['æfərɪzəm]
zhuji: 【记】a一个，phor语言，ism名词后缀－只有一句－精练－谚语
zhuji3000: 【联】 a + phor [fer, bring] + -ism [n.], (一句) 带来 (智慧) 的话 → n. 格言,警句
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position: (2, 2)

正面: apocalyptic
definition: 【考法1】adj. 预言的,启示的:of a revelatory or prophetic nature
[例] No one listened to her apocalyptic predictions. 没有人听她的预言。
[近] prophetic, predictive, prognostic, farsighted
【考法2】adj. 重要的,转折点的:of, relating to, or being a major turning point
[例] The apocalyptic Battle of Stalingrad led to the ultimate defeat of Nazi Germany. 具有转折点意义的斯大林格勒战役导致了最后纳粹德国的战败。
[反] trivial, petty, minor, immaterial, inconsequential, insignificant 不重要的
【考法3】adj. 夸大的:wildly unrestrained: grandiose
[例] apocalyptic tone 夸大的语气
symbol: [əˌpɑ:kə'lɪptɪk]
zhuji: 【记】来自apocalypse（n 天启，启示）apo远离，cal＝call打电话。远远的打电话，比如从纽约，那一定是到了世界末日了。
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position: (2, 3)

正面: apocryphal
definition: 【考法】adj. 假的:of doubtful authenticity: spurious
[例] an apocryphal story about the president's childhood 一个关于总统童年的假的故事
[近] spurious, unauthentic, ungenuine
[反] factual, true, truthful, authentic 真的
symbol: [ə'pɑ:krɪfl]
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position: (2, 3)

正面: apoplectic
definition: 【考法】adj. 极度愤怒的:extremely angry; furious
[例] He became apoplectic about wasteful government spending. 他对政府的浪费开销感到怒不可遏。 The coach was so apoplectic when the player missed the free throw that he threw his clipboard onto the court. 教练对球员罚篮不进非常恼怒,把战术板扔到了球场上。
[近] choleric, enraged, furious, incensed, indignant, infuriated, irate, ireful, outraged
[反] angerless, delighted, pleased 不生气的,高兴的
symbol: [ˌæpə'plektɪk]
zhuji: 【记】a一首，pop流行歌曲，lect＝let让。一首流行歌曲让人中风。因为中风者一般是老一辈的人们，他们接受新事物的能力较弱，如果天天叫他们听一些MICHAEL JACKSON之类的劲歌，第一反应应是极度愤怒至脸红，然后头部血管爆裂导致中风。
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position: (2, 3)

正面: apostasy
definition: 【考法1】n. 放弃宗教信仰:renunciation of a religious faith
[例] Some people completely abandon the faith after apostasy. 有些人在放弃自己的宗教信仰后就再也不信仰任何其他宗教了。
【考法2】n. 变节,背叛:abandonment of a previous loyalty: defection
[例] He was looked down upon for apostasy. 他因为背叛而受到鄙视。
[近] defection, perfidy, treacherousness, recreancy
[反] fidelity, allegiance, loyalty, piety 忠诚,虔诚
symbol: [ə'pɑ:stəsi]
zhuji: 【记】apo远离，stasy＝stay保持，站－保持远距离－背教apo远离，stasy＝state国家：远离国家－背叛
zhuji3000: 【根】 apo- [away from] + stas [stand] + -y [n.], stand away from (religion, party, etc.) → n. 放弃宗教信仰;变节,背叛
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position: (2, 3)

正面: appall
definition: 【考法】vt. 使惊恐:to overcome with consternation, shock, or dismay
[例] He felt appalled by the whole idea of marriage so we broke up. 结婚使他恐惧,因此我们分手了。
[近] dismay, terrify, intimidate, frighten, horrify, daunt, deter
[反] embolden, encourage, nerve 使大胆,鼓起勇气
symbol: [ə'pɔ:l]
zhuji: 【记】1）ap一再，pal＝pale苍白－脸色一再苍白－惊恐2）读：我怕－使恐怖
zhuji3000: 【根】 ap- [ad-, to] + pall [pale], 使面色“苍白” → v. 使惊恐
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position: (2, 3)

正面: appeal
definition: 【考法1】n. 申请:an application(as to a recognized authority)for corroboration, vindication, or decision
[例] a piteous appeal for help 哀怜地请求帮助‖make an appeal to the public to donate needed blood 向公众提出献血请求
[近] adjuration, conjuration, entreaty, petition, pleading, supplication
【考法2】n. 起诉:to charge with a crime: accuse
[例] My lawyer said the court's decision wasn't correct and that we should file for an appeal. 我的律师说,法庭的判决不对,我们应该起诉。
[近] charge, accuse, incriminate, inculpate, indict
[反] absolve 赦免;exonerate, exculpate 开脱罪责;vindicate 辩护
symbol: [ə'pi:l]
zhuji: 【记】ap一再，peal＝pull拉－一再拉－吸引
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position: (2, 3)

正面: appealing
definition: 【考法】adj. 吸引人的:attractive, inviting
[例] The large salary made Goldman Sachs's offer more appealing to him. 高薪使高盛的工作对他更有吸引力。
[近] alluring, captivating, charismatic, charming, enchanting, engaging, entrancing, luring, seductive
[反] repellent, repelling, repugnant, repulsive, unalluring 令人厌恶的,不吸引人的
symbol: [ə'pi:lɪŋ]
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position: (2, 3)

正面: applause
definition: 【考法】n. 鼓掌;认可:approval publicly expressed(as by clapping the hands)
[例] Her appearance was greeted with applause. 她的出现被报以热烈的掌声。
[近] acclamation, cheer, cheering, ovation, plaudit, rave
[反] hissing, booing 发出嘘声
symbol: [ə'plɔ:z]
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position: (2, 3)

正面: apposite
definition: 【考法】adj. 相关的,合适的:highly pertinent or appropriate: apt
[例] enrich his essay with some very apposite quotations from famous people 用名人名言来丰富他的文章
[近] applicable, apropos, germane, pointed, relative, relevant
[反] extraneous, irrelevant, impertinent, irrelative, pointless 无关的
symbol: ['æpəzɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ap朝向，pos放，site地点－放在同一地点－适当的
zhuji3000: 【记】 ap- [ad-, to] + posite [position], (near) to the position, “说到点子上, 做得到位” → a. 相关的,合适的
[注] position [位置] 指“一个东西放 [pos] 在哪里”
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position: (2, 3)

正面: appreciable
definition: 【考法】adj. 可感知的,明显的:capable of being perceived or measured; perceptible
[例] the appreciable changes in temperature 气温明显的变化‖There doesn't seem to be any appreciable difference between this piece and that one. 这个和那个看上去没什么差别。
[近] apprehensible, perceptible, detectable, discernible, palpable, distinguishable, sensible
[反] impalpable, imperceptible, inappreciable, indistinguishable, insensible, undetectable 不能感知的
symbol: [ə'pri:∫əbl]
zhuji: 【记】不要翻译成欣赏的，其实欣赏的过程就是感知作者心底呼唤的过程，你能够欣赏一件作品，说明你感觉到了作者的思想和文化。
zhuji3000: 【记】 appreci [appreciate] + -able [a., able], able to appreciate, 可以领会的 → a. 可感知的,明显的
[注] appreciate [v. 感激;欣赏;领会],字面含义“认为有 [ap-=ad-, to] 价值 [preci=price]”
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position: (2, 3)

正面: apprehension
definition: 【考法1】n. 忧虑,恐惧:suspicion or fear especially of future evil
[例] She had a strong apprehension about her sister's health. 她非常担心她姐姐的健康。
[近] dread, foreboding, misgiving, anxiousness, unease, uneasiness, worry
[反] composure, equanimity 镇定;unconcern 冷漠
【考法2】n. 逮捕:seizure by legal process: arrestment
[例] apprehension of the thief 逮捕小偷
[近] arrest
[反] discharge 释放
【考法3】n. 理解:the knowledge gained from the process of coming to know or understand something
[例] a good apprehension of how computer systems work 对计算机是如何工作的有很好的理解
[近] understanding, comprehension
[反] incomprehension
symbol: [ˌæprɪ'hen∫n]
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position: (2, 4)

正面: apprise
definition: 【考法】v. 通知,告知:to give notice to; inform
[例] apprise him of the danger that may be involved 告知他可能涉及的危险
[近] inform, acquaint, make known to
[反] withhold information 隐瞒信息
symbol: [ə'praɪz]
zhuji: 【记】prise学习－学到－告诉
zhuji3000: 【根】 ap- [ad-, to] + prise [prehens, seize], 使抓住 (消息) → v. 通知,告知
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position: (2, 4)

正面: approbation
definition: 【考法】n. 同意:an expression of warm approval
[例] The proposal met his approbation. 这项建议得到了他的同意。
[近] approval, favor
[反] disapproval, disapprobation, disfavor 不同意
symbol: [ˌæprə'beɪ∫n]
zhuji: 【记】1）prob＝prove证实－证实好－称赞2）ap朝向，prob＝probe探索，ate吃的过去式。朝向探索吃的。因为闻到了香味，这种吃的值得赞扬和官方的认可。3）ap，porb＝probe探索，ation：探索精神值得称赞
zhuji3000: 【记】 approval [n. 赞成, 批准] → n. 同意
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position: (2, 4)

正面: appropriate
definition: 【考法1】[ə'proʊprieɪt] v. 私自挪用:to take possession of or make use of exclusively for oneself, often without permission
[例] appropriate private property 盗用私人财产‖The economy has been weakened by corrupt officials who have appropriated the country's resources for their own use. 经济因为腐败的官员们私自挪用国家资源而被削弱了。
[近] purloin, pirate, embezzle, peculate, usurp
【考法2】[ə'proʊpriət] adj. 适当的:especially suitable or compatible: fitting
[例] Red wine is a more appropriate choice with the meal. 红酒更适合这顿饭。‖I don't think jeans and a T-shirt are appropriate attire for a wedding. 我觉得穿牛仔裤和T恤衫去参加婚礼不太得体。
[近] apt, becoming, felicitous, fitting, proper, meet, suitable, apposite, apropos
[反] improper, inapposite, inappropriate, inapt, unmeet, unseemly, unsuitable 不合适的
symbol: None
zhuji: 【记】propr拥有－使自己拥有－挪用
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position: (2, 4)

正面: apropos
definition: 【考法1】adj. 相关的:being both relevant and opportune
[例] The actor announced to reporters that he would only answer to apropos questions about the movie. 演员向记者表示,他只回答和电影有关的问题。
[近] applicable, apposite, germane, pointed, relative, relevant
[反] extraneous, irrelevant, impertinent, irrelative, pointless 无关的
【考法2】prep. 关于,有关:having to do with
[例] make a number of telling observations apropos the current political situation 做了很多关于当前政治形势有力的观察
[近] apropos, apropos of, as far as, as for, as regards(also as respects), as to, concerning, regarding, respecting, touching, toward(or towards)
symbol: [ˌæprə'poʊ]
zhuji: 【记】一个propose（v 计划）应是apropos的
zhuji3000: 【记】 a- [to] + propos [propose], (near) to what is proposed → a. 相关的prep. 关于,有关
[注] propose [提出] 字面含义“put [pos] forth [pro-]”
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position: (2, 4)

正面: apt
definition: 【考法1】adj. 恰当的,合适的:exactly suitable; appropriate
[例] apt remark/choice/description 恰当的评述/选择/描述
[近] apropos, germane, relative, relevant, appropriate
[反] extraneous, irrelevant, impertinent, irrelative 无关的;inappropriate, improper, unseemly 不恰当的,不合时宜的
【考法2】adj. 有…倾向的,可能的:having a tendency: likely
[例] He is apt to fly out in rage. 他容易发脾气。
[近] likely, inclined, tending, given
[反] unlikely 不可能的;disinclined 没有…倾向的
【考法3】adj. 聪明的:keenly intelligent and responsive
[例] an apt pupil 一个聪明的小学生‖He is apt at mathematics. 他擅长数学。
[近] brilliant, clever, quick-witted, ready-witted, smart
[反] foolish, dull, dumb, stupid, unintelligent 傻的,愚蠢的
symbol: [æpt]
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position: (2, 4)

正面: archaic
definition: 【考法】adj. 过时的,久远的:no longer current or applicable; antiquated
[例] archaic laws 过时的法律
[近] antiquated, outdated, outmoded, prehistoric, superannuated
[反] fashionable 流行的;up-to-date, fresh, modern, new, novel 新的
[派] archaism n. 古语:the use of archaic diction or style
[反] modern diction 新语
symbol: [ɑ:r'keɪɪk]
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position: (2, 4)

正面: archetype
definition: 【考法1】n. 典范,榜样:an ideal example of a type
[例] an archetype of the successful entrepreneur 成功企业家的典范
[近] ideal, a perfect example, quintessence
【考法2】n. 先驱,鼻祖:something belonging to an earlier time from which something else was later developed
[例] The abacus is sometimes cited as the archetype of the modern digital calculator. 算盘是现代计算器的鼻祖。
[近] antecedent, foregoer, forerunner, precursor, predecessor
【考法3】n. 原型:something from which copies are made
[例] “‘Frankenstein’...‘Dracula’...‘Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’... the archetypes that have influenced all subsequent horror stories”(New York Times)“‘弗兰肯斯坦’…‘德拉库拉’…‘杰基尔博士和海德先生’是影响了所有继之而来的恐怖故事的原型”(《纽约时报》)
[近] prototype
symbol: ['ɑ:kitaɪp]
zhuji: 【记】1）arche原始的，type形状－原型2）arche拱，type形。拱形。未出生的婴儿在妈妈肚子中的形状就是拱形的，这就是人的原型。俗话说人之初，性本善。其实，婴儿们都是我们学习的榜样－典型例子。3）archer弓箭手，type形状：想象人头马的标志，找一种原始模型的感觉（其实人马星座就是源于古老的神话）
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position: (2, 4)

正面: ardor
definition: 【考法】n. 狂热:strong enthusiasm or devotion; zeal
[例] His ardor was damped. 他的热情被泼了冷水。
[近] avidity, zeal, fervor, fervency, fervidness, passion, passionateness, vehemence
[反] apathy, torpor, impassivity, insensitivity 冷漠,麻木
symbol: ['ɑ:rdər]
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position: (2, 4)

正面: arduous
definition: 【考法】adj. 难以做到的,费劲的:hard to accomplish or achieve: difficult
[例] a long and arduous undertaking 一项长期艰苦的任务‖an arduous journey across miles of desert 艰苦的沙漠之旅
[近] grueling, laborious, taxing, onerous, burdensome
[反] easy, simple, unchallenging, undemanding, facile, effortless 不费劲的
symbol: ['ɑ:rʤuəs]
zhuji: 【记】ard燃烧，热，uous多…的－热多－出汗一费力的
zhuji3000: 【联】 hard [困难的] → a. 难以做到的,费劲的
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position: (2, 4)

正面: argot
definition: 【考法】n. 隐语,黑话,行话:a specialized vocabulary or set of idioms used by a particular group
[例] groups communicating in their own secret argots 用秘密的行话交流的团体
[近] cant, jargon, shoptalk
[反] standard language 标准的语言;common verbalism 大众的言语
symbol: ['ɑ:rgət]
zhuji: 【记】读：阿狗。一种黑社会用语，不直接叫名字，每个人都有一个别名，譬如：南哥，山鸡，阿猫，阿狗什么的。
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position: (2, 5)

正面: arrest
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使不活跃:to make inactive
[例] arrest the growth of the tumor 抑制肿瘤生长
[近] check, rein, curb, contain, hamper, thwart, bring to a halt
[反] vitalize, activate, animate, invigorate 使有生气;prod, goad, spur, galvanize, provoke, stimulate 刺激
【考法2】n./v. 停止:the stopping of a process or activity; to bring to a standstill
[例] Science cannot yet arrest the process of aging. 科学不能阻止衰老。
[近] cease, cessation, closure, conclusion, discontinuance, discontinuation, ending, halt, stop, termination; check, stop, cease, close, conclude, discontinue, end, halt, terminate
[反] continuance, continuation 继续
【考法3】v. 逮捕:to take or keep under one's control by authority of law
[例] She was charged with resisting arrest. 她因为拒捕受到起诉。
[近] apprehend
[反] discharge 释放
【考法4】v. 吸引(某人)注意力:to hold the attention of as if by a spell
[例] The behavior of the daredevil arrested pedestrians. 冒失鬼的行为吸引了行人们的注意力。
[近] enchant, fascinate, bedazzle, grip, hypnotize, mesmerize
symbol: [ə'rest]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ar- [ad-, to] + rest [休息;静止], 使休息、静止、停留 → vt. 使不活跃 n./v. 停止;留在 (看守所里) → v. 逮捕;使人停留 → v. 吸引 (某人) 注意力
【派】 arresting [a. 吸引人的] 形容某事物“捕获注意力”
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position: (2, 5)

正面: arresting
definition: 【考法】adj. 吸引人的:attracting and holding the attention; striking
[例] an arresting spectacle 吸引人的奇观
[近] absorbing, engaging, engrossing, enthralling, fascinating, gripping, immersing, intriguing, riveting
[反] boring, drab, tedious, monotonous, uninteresting 乏味的,单调的
symbol: [ə'restɪŋ]
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position: (2, 5)

正面: arrhythmic
definition: 【考法】adj. 不规律的:lacking rhythm or regularity
[例] arrhythmic pulse 不规律的脉搏
[近] irregular, disorderly
[反] regular, orderly 规律的
symbol: [ə'rɪðmɪk]
zhuji: 【记】ar无，非，rhythm节奏，ic形容词后缀－无节奏的
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position: (2, 5)

正面: arrogance
definition: 【考法】n. 傲慢,自大:overbearing pride
[例] Her arrogance has earned her a lot of enemies. 她的傲慢给她带来了很多敌人。
[近] assumption, bumptiousness, haughtiness, hauteur, imperiousness, loftiness, peremptoriness, pomposity, pompousness, presumptuousness, superciliousness
[反] humility, modesty, humbleness, unassumingness 谦虚,谦逊
symbol: ['ærəgəns]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ar- [ad-, to] + rog [ask] + -ance [n.], to (repeatedly) ask, 一再要求 → n. 傲慢,自大
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position: (2, 5)

正面: articulate
definition: 【考法1】[ɑ:r'tɪkjuleɪt] v. 清晰地表达:to utter clearly and distinctly
[例] He cannot articulate his thoughts. 他不能清楚地表达他的想法。‖a theory first articulated by ancient philosophers 被古时哲学家阐明的理论
[近] enunciate
[反] murmur, mumble, mutter, slur 含糊地说
【考法2】[ɑ:r'tɪkjələt] adj. 表达清晰的:able to express oneself clearly and well
[例] The television crew covering the science fair were looking for photogenic and articulate students to explain their projects on the air. 负责报道科学展览的电视工作人员正在寻找上镜的、表达清晰的学生,请他们在节目中解释其(科学)项目。
[近] eloquent, fluent, silver-tongued, well-spoken
[反] inarticulate, ineloquent, unvocal 表达不清楚的
symbol: None
zhuji: 【记】1）articul文章，ate吃的过去式－吃透文章－所以发音清晰2）articu文章，late后期。文章的后期制作。学过托福作文的同学一定深有体会，检查的时候应注重两方面，一、思想、内容表达清晰。二、句与句之间，段与段之间的接合是否连贯。3）articulate particular（特别的）清楚！
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position: (2, 5)

正面: ascendant
definition: 【考法1】adj. 有影响力的,主宰的:dominant in position or influence; superior
[例] This idea was in the ascendant. 这种思想处于主导地位。
[近] superior, dominant, sovereign
[反] having no influence/power 没有影响力的
【考法2】adj. 上升的:moving upward: rising
[例] The teacher told the students to write even numbers in ascendant order. 老师让学生们按升序写出偶数。
[反] declining 下降的
symbol: [ə'sendənt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 a- [ad-, to] + scend [climb] + -ant [a.], to climb (up) , 去爬 → a. 上升的;爬 (到顶上) → a. 有影响力的,主宰的
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position: (2, 5)

正面: ascetic
definition: 【考法1】adj. 苦行的,克已的;禁欲的:practicing strict self-denial as a measure of personal and especially spiritual discipline
[例] This is an ascetic diet of rice and beans. 这是一顿苦行餐,只有米饭和豌豆。
[近] abstemious, abstinent, self-denying
[反] sumptuous, luxurious 奢侈的;licentious, sybaritic, voluptuous 放荡的,沉溺于酒色的
【考法2】n. 禁欲者:a person who renounces material comforts and leads a life of austere self-discipline, especially as an act of religious devotion
[例] We normally see an ascetic meditating in a Yogic pose. 我们通常会看见一个苦行者以瑜伽的姿势来冥想。
[近] stoic, spartan
[反] sybarite, hedonist, voluptuary 奢侈逸乐的人,享乐主义者,酒色之徒
symbol: [ə'setɪk]
zhuji: 【记】a一个，sce读：腮－用一个腮呼吸的鱼。明明有两个腮，只用一个，剥夺了自己呼吸的权利，留下更多的氧气给别的鱼儿。不仅如此，由于没有吸入足够的氧气，体力不足以与其他鱼儿交配。我们管这种伟大的鱼叫苦行鱼、禁欲鱼！As好像，ce色：好像是色眯眯的，说明还不是色眯眯的，但又不敢色眯眯的：这种人就叫禁欲者。
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position: (2, 5)

正面: aseptic
definition: 【考法1】adj. 消毒的,无菌的:preventing infection
[例] Surgery must be in aseptic environments. 手术必须在无菌环境下进行。
[近] sterile, germfree
[反] germy, unsterile 有细菌的;contaminated, tainted 被污染的
【考法2】adj. 缺乏活力的:lacking vitality
[近] inactive, lackadaisical, languid, listless, spiritless
[反] active, animated, energetic, vivacious 有活力的
【考法3】adj. 冷漠的:lacking emotion, or warmth
[例] aseptic essays 没有感情的文章‖an aseptic smile 漠然的微笑
[近] affectless, emotionless, impassive, insensible, numb, phlegm
[反] emotional, feeling, sensible 有感情的
symbol: [ˌeɪ'septɪk]
zhuji: 【记】a无，非，sept菌－无菌的
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position: (2, 5)

正面: askew
definition: 【考法】adj./adv. 不成直线的(地),歪的(地):out of line, awry
[例] The picture hung askew. 画挂歪了。‖His tie was askew. 他的领带歪了。
[近] crooked, cockeyed, oblique, lopsided, skewed, aslant, slanted, slanting, listing, tilted, awry
[反] aligned 列成一行的;straight, erect 直的
symbol: [ə'skju:]
zhuji: 【记】ask＝？长得是弯曲的、歪斜的。参考：skew（adj 斜的）
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position: (2, 5)

正面: aspect
definition: 【考法】n. 外表,容貌:appearance to the eye or mind
[例] His face had a frightening aspect. 他的脸很吓人。
[近] appearance, look, figure, presence, mien
symbol: ['æspekt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 a- [to] + spect [look], look (a person) → n. 外表,容貌
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position: (2, 6)

正面: asperity
definition: 【考法1】n.(举止、性情)粗暴:roughness of manner or of temper
[例] She responded with such asperity that we knew she was offended by the question. 她如此粗鲁地回答问题,我们知道这个问题冒犯了她。
[近] roughness, crudity, rudeness, poignancy, harshness
[反] softness, mildness 脾气好
【考法2】n.(环境)艰苦:rigor, severity
[例] He has encountered more than his share of asperities on the road to success. 在成功的道路上,他已经遇到过比他应该承受的更多的艰辛。
[近] severity, hardness, hardship, rigor
symbol: [æ'sperəti]
zhuji: 【记】a无，非，sper希望－无希望－态度粗暴
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position: (2, 6)

正面: aspersion
definition: 【考法】n. 诽谤,中伤:a false or misleading charge meant to harm someone's reputation
[例] cast aspersions on my loyalty 诽谤我的忠诚
[近] defamation, besmirchment, calumny, calumniation, maligning, obloquy, vilification
[反] glowing tribute, eulogy, extolling, laudation, praise, commendation, compliment 热情赞赏,表扬;flattery, adulation 拍马屁
symbol: [ə'spɜ:rʒn]
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position: (2, 6)

正面: aspirant
definition: 【考法1】n. 有抱负者,有野心者:one who aspires, as to advancement, honors, or a high position
[例] a bevy of ever-smiling aspirants for the Miss America title 一群想当美国小姐的少女‖Envy can make oneself backward; self-confidence can tell oneself to be an aspirant. 妒忌能使自己落后,自信能使自己上进。
[近] seeker
[反] noncandidate 非候选人
【考法2】adj. 想成为…的:seeking to attain a desired position or status
[例] The pilot was an aspirant astronaut. 这个飞行员想成为航天员。
symbol: [ə'spaɪərənt]
zhuji: 【记】a不，spir呼吸，ant：屏住呼吸做事－有报复者
zhuji3000: 【根】 a- [ad-, to] + spir [breathe] + -ant [n.&a.], to “breathe” → n. 有抱负者,有野心者 a. 想成为…的
[注] aspire [v. 渴望, 追求],“去吸 (气) ”就是“希望吸到 (空气)”,引申出“去追寻”的含义
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position: (2, 6)

正面: assent
definition: 【考法】vi. 同意:to agree to something especially after thoughtful consideration
[例] The general proposed a detailed plan and the president assented. 将军提出了一个细节化的计划,总统同意了该计划。
[近] accede, agree, consent, subscribe, come round
[反] dissent, disagree 不同意
symbol: [ə'sent]
zhuji: 【记】as一个，sent感觉－大家一个感觉－同意
zhuji3000: 【根】 as- [ad-, to] + sent [sense], to a sense, to the same sense → vi. 同意
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position: (2, 6)

正面: assert
definition: 【考法】vt. 断言,肯定地说出:to state or declare positively and often forcefully or aggressively
[例] assert one's innocence 坚称自己无罪‖He asserted that there were corrupt officials in the government. 他断言政府里面一定存在腐败的官员。
[近] aver, allege, avow, avouch, insist
[反] deny, gainsay 否认
symbol: [ə'sɜ:rt]
zhuji: 【记】as一再，sert参与－一再参与（讨论）－断言，主张
zhuji3000: 【联】 as- [ad-, to] + sert [certain],确定地 (说出) → v.断言,肯定地说出
【派】 assertive [a. 自信的]
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position: (2, 6)

正面: assertive
definition: 【考法】adj. 自信的:inclined to bold or confident assertion; aggressively self-assured
[例] You will have to make many personal judgments when being assertive. 如果你要表现得坚定自信(坚持自己的立场和主张),就必须做出很多个人判断。
[近] assertory, self-assured, self-assertive, peremptory
[反] diffident 不自信的
symbol: [ə'sɜ:rtɪv]
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position: (2, 6)

正面: assess
definition: 【考法1】v. 评估(重要性、尺寸、价值等):to determine the importance, size, or value of
[例] We need to assess whether or not the system is working. 我们需要评估这个系统是否有效。‖Damage to the boat was assessed at $5,000. 对这艘船的损失的评估是5,000美元。
[近] evaluate, appraise, guesstimate
【考法2】v. 征收费用(如罚款):to establish or apply as a charge or penalty
[例] The utility company will assess a fee if your payment is late. 如果你付款晚了,公共事业公司会罚款。
[近] assess, charge, exact, fine, lay, levy, put
[反] remit 免除(债务)
symbol: [ə'ses]
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position: (2, 6)

正面: assiduous
definition: 【考法】adj. 勤勉的,专心仔细的:marked by careful unremitting attention or persistent application; busy
[例] He always tended his garden with assiduous attention. 他总是专心仔细地照看他的花园。‖The project required some assiduous planning. 该项目需要细心的规划。
[近] diligent, industrious, sedulous
[反] idle, inactive, unbusy, unemployed, unoccupied 空闲的
[派] assiduity n. 勤勉:persistent application or diligence; unflagging effort
symbol: [ə'sɪʤuəs]
zhuji: 【记】as一再，sid坐，uous形容词后缀表示多－坐得多的－勤勉的
zhuji3000: 【根】 as- [ad-, to] + sid [sit] + u + -ous [a.], sit, 一直坐着 (做某事,例如学习), 形容十分用心 → a. 勤勉的,专心仔细的
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position: (2, 6)

正面: assuage
definition: 【考法1】vt. 缓和,减轻:to lessen the intensity of
[例] He couldn't assuage his guilt over the divorce. 他无法减轻自己在离婚中的内疚。
[反] aggravate, exacerbate 加强,使恶化
【考法2】vt. 平息,抚慰:to pacify or calm
[例] Life contains sorrows that cannot be assuaged, and it is important to be honest in acknowledging this. 生活中存在着无法平息的悲伤,诚实地承认这个事实是重要的。
[近] compose, soothe, calm, pacify, placate, appease, lighten, relieve, alleviate, assuage, allay, mitigate, moderate, conciliate, propitiate
[反] aggravate, annoy, enrage, exasperate, incense, infuriate, ire, irk, irritate, madden, nettle, peeve, provoke, rile, roil, vex 煽动,激怒
【考法3】vt. 使满足:to put an end to by satisfying
[例] assuage his thirst 解渴‖That meal certainly assuaged my hunger. 那顿大餐满足了我的口腹之欲。
[近] satisfy, sate, satiate, quench
symbol: [ə'sweɪʤ]
zhuji: 【记】1）suage甜－变甜－缓和，减轻2）ass帮助，age老人－帮助老人减轻痛苦
zhuji3000: 【根】 as- [ad-, to] + suage [sugar], “给糖吃” → v. 缓和,减轻;平息,抚慰;使满足
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position: (2, 6)

正面: astounding
definition: 【考法】adj. 令人吃惊的,出乎意料的:causing astonishment or amazement
[例] The richness and variety of the undersea environment are astounding. 丰富多样的海底环境是令人惊奇的。
[近] amazing, astonishing, blindsiding, dumbfounding, shocking, startling, stunning, stupefying
[反] unsurprising 平常的
symbol: [ə'staʊndɪŋ]
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position: (2, 7)

正面: astute
definition: 【考法】adj. 机敏的,有洞察力的:having or showing shrewdness and perspicacity
[例] Astute salesmen know how to invest emotionally. 精明的推销员知道如何进行感情投资。
[近] canny, smart, shrewd, perspicacious, clear-eyed, clear-sighted, savvy, hardheaded
[反] unknowing 无知的
symbol: [ə'stu:t]
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position: (2, 7)

正面: asunder
definition: 【考法1】adv. 分离成多部分或多片地:into separate parts or pieces
[例] broken asunder 打碎‖Buildings were burst asunder. 建筑物已经被炸成碎片了。
[近] piecemeal
[反] in a piece 完整一片;together 在一起
【考法2】adv. 分离地:apart from each other in position
[例] A quiet conscience sleeps in thunder, but rest and guilt live far asunder. 平静的良心能在雷声中入睡,而安宁和负罪则无法毗邻。‖Our opinions are wide as the poles asunder. 我们的意见完全相反。
[近] apart
[反] together 在一起
symbol: [ə'sʌndər]
zhuji: 【记】as正如，under下－正如掉在地上－成为碎片"
zhuji3000: 【记】 a- [ad-, to] + sunder [分离], sunder → ad. 分离地;sunder to pieces → ad. 分离成多部分或多片地
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position: (2, 7)

正面: asylum
definition: 【考法】n. 收容所,保护所:an inviolable place of refuge and protection giving shelter to criminals and debtors/something(as a building)that offers cover from the weather or protection from danger
[例] an insane asylum 疯人院‖The embassy serves as an asylum for that country's nationals in need of help. 大使馆作为那国需要帮助的公民的保护所。
[近] harbor, haven, refuge, sanctuary, sanctum
symbol: [ə'saɪləm]
zhuji: 【记】读：我赛劳模。劳模牛吧！一天工作24小时，几十年如一日的奉献。但是我赛劳模，我比劳模还牛，不但没日没夜的工作，还主动请求住在避难所里，把家腾给比我更苦的人们！
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position: (2, 7)

正面: asymmetrical
definition: 【考法】adj. 不平衡的,不对称的:having no balance or symmetry
[例] the asymmetrical construction 非对称的建筑
[近] asymmetric, nonsymmetrical, unsymmetrical, unbalanced
[反] symmetrical 对称的;balanced 平衡的
symbol: [ˌeɪsɪ'metrɪkl]
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position: (2, 7)

正面: atone
definition: 【考法】v. 赎罪,弥补:to make amends, as for a sin or fault
[例] Blood must atone for blood. 以命抵命。‖Even death cannot atone for the offence. 罪不容诛。
[近] redeem
symbol: [ə'toʊn]
zhuji: 【记】a一个，tone声音。唱：有这样一个声音，他叫你补偿。读：一桶－用一桶金子来赎罪
zhuji3000: 【联】 at [at] + one [音own], guilty at one's own, (正派的人发现) 错在自己 (之后) → v. 赎罪,弥补
以下两个单词中的ord和cant与“说”没有关系
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position: (2, 7)

正面: atrocious
definition: 【考法1】adj. 极坏的,极其残忍的:extremely wicked, brutal, or cruel
[例] Murder is an atrocious crime. 犯罪是一种极其恶劣的犯罪活动。
[近] heinous
[反] benign, kind, kindhearted, benignant, good-hearted, humane, sympathetic, tenderhearted 善良的,好的
【考法2】adj. 让人极为不满意的:extremely unsatisfactory
[例] The service on plane was atrocious. 飞机上的服务让人极为不满意。
[反] satisfactory 令人满意的;wonderful 精彩的,极好的
symbol: [ə'troʊ∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】见atrocity读：我抽射死－联想《少林足球》中的老三被对方轮流抽射的场面－极其残忍的，凶恶的
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position: (2, 7)

正面: attenuate
definition: 【考法】v. 降低(数量、力量、价值):to lessen the amount, force, magnitude, or value of
[例] an investment attenuated by inflation 一项因通货膨胀而贬值的投资
[近] cheapen, devalue, downgrade, reduce, write down
[反] appreciate, enhance, upgrade, mark up 升值,提升
[派] attenuation n. 减弱,贬值
symbol: [ə'tenjueɪt]
zhuji: 【记】1）at一再，ten拉－一再拉－变薄2）at在，ten十，ate吃的过去式－在10:00吃饭。有两大坏处，其一：说明你没吃过早饭；其二：到了中午也不会饿，就不吃午饭了。再加上一顿晚饭，一天只吃两顿饭，你能不变薄，能不变弱吗？3）一个饼被ten个人ate：使变薄
zhuji3000: 【根】 at- [ad-, to] + tenu [thin] + -ate [v.], make...thin → v. 降低 (数量、力量、价值)
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position: (2, 7)

正面: audacious
definition: 【考法1】adj. 大胆的,(但往往)愚勇的:fearlessly, often recklessly daring; bold
[例] an audacious plan 一个冒进的计划
[近] bold, adventurous, brash, brassy, brazen, rash, reckless
[反] cautious, circumspect, guarded, wary 小心谨慎的
【考法2】adj. 蔑视(法律、礼节)的,无礼的:contemptuous of law, religion, or decorum
[近] impertinent, impudent, insolent
[反] timid, meek 温顺的
[派] audacity n. 大胆,不敬
【考法3】adj. 乐于冒险的:inclined or willing to take risks
[例] audacious adventurers risking everything they had for a shot at glory 为了荣誉而孤注一掷的冒险家们
[近] daring, emboldened, enterprising, nervy, venturesome
【考法4】adj. 大胆创新的:marked by originality and verve
[例] an audacious interpretation of two dramas 对两部戏剧的创造性阐述
symbol: [ɔ:'deɪ∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】auda鲁莽，cious多…的－鲁莽的
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position: (2, 7)

正面: augur
definition: 【考法1】n. 预言家:one who predicts future events or developments
[例] The ancient Roman augurs predicted the future by reading the flight of birds. 古罗马的预言家们通过鸟类的航线来预测未来。
[近] forecaster, foreseer, diviner, foreteller, prophesier, visionary
【考法2】vi. 出现好兆头:to show signs of a favorable or successful outcome
[例] This augurs well for us. 这是一个好兆头。
[近] promise
【考法3】vt. 预言:to tell of or describe beforehand
[例] The fortune-teller augured nothing but a series of calamities for me. 占卜人预言在我身上将会有一系列大灾难发生。
[近] forecast, predict, presage, prognosticate, prophesy, forebode
symbol: ['ɔ:gər]
zhuji: 【记】auger有一个u象钻孔，augur有两个u象两个坑，预示不祥－占卜师argur爱吃sugar
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position: (2, 7)

正面: authentic
definition: 【考法1】adj. 真实的,非仿造的:being exactly as appears or as claimed
[例] found an authentic Native American arrowhead 发现了一支美洲土著的箭头
[近] bona fide, certified, genuine
[反] bogus, counterfeit, fake, mock, phony, spurious 伪造的
[派] authenticity n. 真实,真实性
【考法2】adj. 准确的,相符合的:following an original exactly
[例] an authentic reconstruction of the Parthenon 帕台农神殿的准确复制
[近] accurate, exact, precise, right, veracious
[反] corrupt, false 错误的
symbol: [ɔ:'θentɪk]
zhuji: 【记】源于author作者－属于原创作者的－真正的
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position: (2, 8)

正面: authority
definition: 【考法1】n.(某领域的)权威人士:a person with a high level of knowledge or skill in a field
[例] a leading authority on neural anatomy 一名神经解剖学领域的权威人士
[近] expert, connoisseur, maestro, master, virtuoso
[反] amateur 业余爱好者;inexpert 非专家
【考法2】n. 管辖权,控制:lawful control over the affairs of a political unit(as a nation)
[例] The sheriff had authority over the whole county. 郡守对于整个郡都有管辖权。
[近] administration, governance, regime, regimen
【考法3】n. 影响力:the power to direct the thinking or behavior of others usually indirectly
[例] He speaks with a persuasive authority on matters of public health. 他就公共健康事务发表了具有影响力的、令人信服的评论。
[近] clout, credit, leverage, weight
【考法4】n.(管束他人的)权力:the right or means to command or control others
[例] By the authority vested in me, I now pronounce you married. 依我所拥有的权力,我宣布你们成为夫妻。
[近] arm, command, control, dominion, reign
[反] impotence, powerlessness 无权力
【考法5】n. 根据,理由:a warrant for action
[例] On what authority do you make such a claim? 你的指控有何理由?
[近] grounds, justification
symbol: [ə'θɔ:rəti]
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position: (2, 8)

正面: autocracy
definition: 【考法】n. 独裁政府:government in which a person possesses unlimited power
[例] It signified the British rejection of autocracy by constituting the first formal restraining of the power of the monarch. 英国对于独裁体制的反抗表现在它对君王权力进行的正式约束。
[近] absolutism, dictatorship, totalitarianism, tyranny
[反] democracy 民主,民主制度
[派] autocratic adj. 独裁的
symbol: [ɔ:'tɑ:krəsi]
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position: (2, 8)

正面: autonomy
definition: 【考法1】n. 政治上的独立:the quality or state of being self-governing
[例] The province has been granted autonomy. 这个省份被授予了自治权。
[近] self-governance, sovereignty
[反] dependence, subjection 附属,依赖
【考法2】n. 自我主导的自由,(尤其是)精神独立:self-directing freedom and especially moral independence
[例] a teacher who encourages individual autonomy 一个鼓励精神独立的老师
[近] independence, liberty, free will
[反] constraint, duress 限制
[派] autonomous adj. 自治的
symbol: [ɔ:'tɑ:nəmi]
zhuji: 【记】auto自己，nomy统治－自治。参：autonomous（adj 自治的）只有autonomy才能振兴economy
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position: (2, 8)

正面: avarice
definition: 【考法】n. 贪财,贪婪:excessive or insatiable desire for wealth or gain
[例] The bank official's embezzlement was motivated by pure avarice. 银行官员盗用公款纯粹是出于贪婪。
[近] acquisitiveness, avidity, covetousness, cupidity, greediness, rapacity
[反] generosity, magnanimity 慷慨
[派] avaricious adj. 贪婪的
symbol: ['ævərɪs]
zhuji: 【记】ava读：爱挖，rice大米。爱挖大米。这种人是不是有周八皮的风范！连大米都不放过，太贪财了！
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position: (2, 8)

正面: aver
definition: 【考法1】v. 声称为真:to state as a fact usually forcefully
[例] was tearfully averring his innocence 涕泪俱下地声明他的清白
[近] allege, assert, avouch, avow, declare, purport, warrant
[反] deny, gainsay 否认
【考法2】v.(态度强硬而明确地)声明:to state clearly and strongly
[例] She averred that she didn't need any help choosing her own clothes. 她态度强硬地声明:在买衣服的问题上不需要别人指手画脚。
[近] affirm, insist, maintain, profess
symbol: [ə'vɜ:r]
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position: (2, 8)

正面: aversion
definition: 【考法1】n. 非常讨厌,极厌恶:a dislike so strong as to cause stomach upset or queasiness
[例] a natural aversion toward insects 天生对昆虫的反感
[近] distaste, horror, loathing, nausea, repugnance, repulsion, revulsion
【考法2】n. 令人厌恶的事物:something or someone that is hated
[例] Clichés should be the aversion of every good writer. 陈词滥调应该是让每个优秀的作家都感到厌恶的。
[近] abhorrence, abomination, antipathy, detestation, execration
[反] love 令人喜爱的事物
symbol: [ə'vɜ:rʒn]
zhuji3000: 【根】 a- [ab-, away] + vers [turn] + -ion [n.], turn away, 躲避 → n. 非常讨厌,极厌恶;令人厌恶的事物
【联】 avert [v. 避免]
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position: (2, 8)

正面: avid
definition: 【考法1】adj. 急切渴望的:marked by keen interest and enthusiasm
[例] avid movie fans 急切的影迷
[近] agog, ardent, eager, keen, impatient, thirsty
[反] apathetic, indifferent 不在乎的
【考法2】adj. 贪婪(钱财)的:having or marked by an eager and often selfish desire especially for material possessions
[例] She stared at the jewels with an avid glint in her eye. 她带着贪婪的目光注视着那些珠宝。
[近] acquisitive, avaricious, covetous, greedy, rapacious
[派] avidity n. 贪婪
symbol: ['ævɪd]
zhuji: 【记】avi飞，鸟－人类早就渴望飞了－热望的av一种频道，可以玩游戏；id＝ID卡用处更广泛：都是我们渴望的东西
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position: (2, 8)

正面: awash
definition: 【考法1】adj. 被淹没的:containing, covered with, or thoroughly penetrated by water
[例] The streets were awash from the heavy rains. 街道因为大雨被水淹没了。
[近] doused, drenched, saturated, sodden, soggy, soaked
[反] dry, arid, dehydrated, drained 干燥的
【考法2】adj.(如洪水般)泛滥的:filled, covered, or completely overrun as if by a flood
[例] The program is currently awash in submissions and will not be accepting any more until next term. 该项目的申请人数过多,因此下一轮之前不会再接受任何申请。
[近] abounding, abundant, flush, fraught, replete, swarming, teeming, thronging
[反] dearth, insufficient, scant 匮乏的
symbol: [ə'wɔ:∫]
zhuji3000: 【参】 wash → a. 被淹没的v. (如洪水般) 泛滥
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position: (2, 8)

正面: awe
definition: 【考法】n./v. 敬畏:an emotion variously combining dread, veneration, and wonder that is inspired by authority or by the sacred or sublime
[例] She gazed in awe at the great stone. 她敬畏地凝视着那块巨石。
[近] admiration, reverence, respect, veneration; admire, revere, respect, venerate
[反] irreverence, insolence, scorn, superciliousness 蔑视,不敬
[派] awesome adj. 令人敬畏的
symbol: [ɔ:]
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position: (2, 8)

正面: awkward
definition: 【考法1】adj. 缺乏灵活性和技巧的:lacking dexterity or skill
[例] awkward with a needle and thread 缺乏灵巧的针线活技术
[近] handless, maladroit
[反] adroit, deft, dexterous, proficient, skilled 灵巧的
【考法2】adj.(处理问题)缺乏手段和智谋的:showing or marked by a lack of skill and tact(as in dealing with a situation)
[例] Her awkward handling of the seating arrangements resulted in many hurt feelings. 她那缺乏智谋的座次安排伤害了许多人的感情。
[近] botched, bungling, fumbled, inept, inexpert, maladroit
【考法3】adj. 臃肿笨拙的,不优雅的:lacking ease or grace(as of movement or expression)
[例] an awkward design 一份粗劣的设计
[近] clumsy, gauche, graceless, gawkish
[反] elegant, graceful, polished, lithe, coordinated 优雅的
【考法4】adj. 令人尴尬的:causing embarrassment
[例] the awkward situation of having to listen as your host and hostess quarrel loudly in the next room 不得不听着你的主人和他太太在隔壁大声争吵的尴尬境地
[近] discomfiting, disturbing, disconcerting, embarrassing, flustering
【考法5】adj.(因过大过重或设计问题)难以操作的:difficult to use or operate especially because of size, weight, or design
[例] The manual can opener is too awkward to hold. 那个手动启瓶器太难握了。
[近] ponderous, ungainly, unhandy, unwieldy, bunglesome, cranky
[反] handy 容易操纵的
symbol: ['ɔ:kwərd]
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position: (2, 9)

正面: awning
definition: 【考法】n. 雨篷,遮阳篷:a piece of material attached to a caravan or building which provides shelter from the rain or sun
[例] stay under the awning outside the Starbucks during the rainstorm 在星巴克外面的遮阳棚下避雨
[近] ceiling, cover, roof, tent
symbol: ['ɔ:nɪŋ]
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position: (2, 9)

正面: awry
definition: 【考法1】adj. 弯曲的,扭曲的:in a turned or twisted position or direction
[例] Her sunglass is awry. 她的墨镜戴歪了。
[近] askew, aslant, lopsided, slanted
[反] aligned, direct, even, straight 成行的,笔直的
【考法2】adj./adv. 走样的(地),出差错的(地):off the correct or expected course
[例] Operation Redwing was initially launched by US special-operation troops in hopes of capturing or killing a Taliban leader but went awry. 由美军特种部队发起、代号为“红翼”的军事行动的最初目的是捕获或击杀一名塔利班头目,然而行动在执行过程中出现了差错。
[近] amiss, aside, astray, erroneous
[反] right, well 无差错的
symbol: [ə'raɪ]
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position: (2, 9)

正面: axiomatic
definition: 【考法1】adj. 公理的:based on or involving an axiom or system of axioms
[例] Euclidean geometry is based on five axiomatic principles. 欧几里得几何学是在五条公理的基础上建立的。
[近] fundamental
[派] axiom n. 公理
【考法2】adj. 不言自明的:taken for granted, self-evident
[例] an axiomatic truth 一个不言而明的真理
[近] self-evident, prima facie
[反] controversial 有争议的
symbol: [ˌæksiə'mætɪk]
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position: (2, 9)

正面: babble
definition: 【考法1】v. 发出含糊无意义的嘟囔声,胡乱说:to utter a meaningless confusion of words or sounds
[例] Babies babble before they can talk. 婴儿在会说话以前含糊不清地发音。
[近] drivel, gabble, gibber, jabber, prattle
[反] articulate 清晰地说出
【考法2】v. 闲聊:to engage in casual or rambling conversation
[例] The little girls babbled contentedly for the whole ride home. 小姑娘们在回家的路上高兴地闲聊。
[近] chatter, prate
symbol: ['bæbl]
zhuji: 【记】bad ball的连读：坏球！嘴里放一个坏了的粪球，再让你说话！Bab＝baby，le：小孩只会说胡话
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position: (2, 9)

正面: backhanded
definition: 【考法】adj. 间接的,含沙射影的,虚情假意的:indirect, devious, especially sarcastic
[例] a backhanded compliment 虚情假意的恭维话
[近] feigned, roundabout, sarcastic, hypocritical, two-faced, double-faced, left-handed
[反] forthright 直截了当的;artless, candid, genuine, honest, sincere 真挚的,真诚的
symbol: [ˌbæk'hændɪd]
zhuji3000: 【联】 在后面 (用手) 操纵的 → a. 间接的,含沙射影的;(正面一手),背后一手 → a. 虚情假意的
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position: (2, 9)

正面: badger
definition: 【考法】vt. 不断纠缠或骚扰:to harass or annoy persistently
[例] badger him into purchasing 不断地骚扰劝说他购买
[近] bait, plague
symbol: ['bæʤər]
zhuji: 【记】读：摆这儿。有一种人特喜欢指使人，一会儿叫你摆这儿，一会儿叫你摆那儿，巨烦人，跟獾（昼伏夜出，骚扰山里人睡觉）似的。这种人在学校里很多，一般是戴校徽的人—学生领袖、后勤部长之类的，总叫你们打扫卫生，烦！！！学校badger学生要带badge
zhuji3000: 【记】 badger [獾],(在《少年闰土》中,一种在夜里偷吃西瓜的动物),联想成“带来 [ger=fer, carry, 参belligerent (“带来 [ger] 战争 [bell] 的 [-ent]”)] 坏事 [bad]、麻烦” → v. 不断纠缠或骚扰
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position: (2, 9)

正面: badinage
definition: 【考法】n. 打趣,善意的玩笑:playful repartee, banter
[例] the sophisticated badinage of the characters in plays by Oscar Wilde 奥斯卡·王尔德作品中意味深长的玩笑话
[近] banter, persiflage, repartee
symbol: [ˌbædən'ɑ:ʒ]
zhuji: 【记】bad坏，in在，age年龄。玩儿坏的年龄。一般是小学生，初中生。譬如：在女生的铅笔盒里放只大青虫，在老师的口红上涂点儿辣椒油什么的。目的不是为了伤害别人，而是享受一下从别人的痛苦中寻找乐趣的快感—开玩笑，打趣的精辟含义。
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position: (2, 9)

正面: bait
definition: 【考法1】vt. 逗弄,激怒:to persecute or exasperate with unjust, malicious, or persistent attacks
[例] bait him with gibes about his humble origin 取笑他的平凡出身以激怒他
[近] badger, annoy, harass, heckle
[反] appease, pacify, mollify, disarm 平息,使缓和
【考法2】vt. 引诱:to lead away from a usual or proper course by offering some pleasure or advantage
[例] The investment scheme baits the greedy and the unscrupulous. 这份投资计划吸引贪婪者和轻信者上钩。
[近] allure, decoy, entice, seduce
【考法3】n. 诱饵:something(as food)used in luring especially to a hook or trap
[例] The squad leader has finally realized that his team was a bait. 队长终于意识到他的队伍是一个诱饵。
[近] allurement, snare, trap, temptation
symbol: [beɪt]
zhuji: 【记】从上图找一种用诱饵逗弄小鱼的感觉。
zhuji3000: 【记】 bait与bite [咬] 同源,钓鱼时让鱼咬的诱饵 → v. 逗弄,激怒;引诱 n. 诱饵
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position: (2, 9)

正面: bale
definition: 【考法】n. 痛苦,悲哀:woe, sorrow
[例] relieve spirit from the bale 从悲痛中解脱
[近] misery, suffering, anguish, grief
[反] joy 快乐
symbol: [beɪl]
zhuji: 【记】1）ball球－大包裹－是一种负担－不幸，灾祸2)读：背哦！今儿咋就那么点儿背呀，早上一出门儿，就被一不明飞行大包裹砸晕了，我着谁惹谁了。看来，今天将是充满灾祸不幸的一天。3）拼：罢了－罢了，罢了，认倒霉吧－灾祸4）爸乐：我爸一乐就没有好事，准是我又犯错了，用乐引诱我过来，再臭揍一顿－灾祸
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position: (2, 9)

正面: baleful
definition: 【考法1】adj. 有害的:harmful or malignant in intent or effect
[例] a policy with baleful effects 一个带来不良后果的政策
[近] harmful, pernicious, detrimental
[反] beneficent 有益的
【考法2】adj. 凶兆的;凶恶的:foreboding or threatening evil
[例] a baleful look 面露凶色
[近] direful, doomy, ominous, ill-boding, minatory, portentous, sinister
[反] unthreatening 不构成威胁的
【考法3】adj. 致命的:likely to cause or capable of causing death
[例] a medicine that is beneficial in small doses but baleful in large 是药三分毒
[近] deadly, fatal, lethal
[反] healthy, wholesome 有益健康的
symbol: ['beɪlfl]
zhuji: 【记】我终于查清了，那个大包裹bale是后勤部长扔的，里边都是废纸，它报复我，它太邪恶了。
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position: (2, 10)

正面: balk
definition: 【考法1】vt. 阻碍:to check or stop by or as if by an obstacle
[近] circumvent, frustrate, foil, thwart
[反] advance, forward, foster, nurture, promote 推进
【考法2】v. 不愿接受,拒绝:to show unwillingness to accept, do, engage in, or agree to
[例] She balked at the very idea of compromise. 她固执地拒绝了妥协的想法。
[近] decline, refuse, spurn, repudiate, turn down
[反] accept, approve 同意
[派] balky adj. 倔强的
symbol: [bɔ:k]
zhuji: 【记】读：罢课。因为起床有困难，就拒绝作上课这件事。源于：back－不肯前进！
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position: (2, 10)

正面: balky
definition: 【考法】adj. 不服管束的,倔强的:refusing or likely to refuse to proceed, act, or function as directed or expected
[例] a balky mule 犟骡子
[近] contumacious, defiant, perverse, intractable, obstreperous, refractory, unruly, wayward, willful
[反] compliant, docile, subdued, submissive, tractable 顺从的
symbol: ['bɔ:lki]
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position: (2, 10)

正面: ballad
definition: 【考法】n.(由简单诗节和叠句组成的)民歌:a narrative poem, often of folk origin and intended to be sung, consisting of simple stanzas and usually having a refrain
[例] a haunting ballad about loneliness 一段有关寂寞的萦绕于心的民谣
[近] ditty, jingle, lyric, vocal
symbol: ['bæləd]
zhuji: 【记】1）ball球，ad广告－像球做广告－一代代滚下来－歌谣2）bal＋lad，是非常对称的结构，因为歌谣、诗歌就是采用一种对称的句式，叫循环迭句。
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position: (2, 10)

正面: balloon
definition: 【考法】v. 迅速增加:to increase rapidly
[例] The use of computers has ballooned. 电脑的使用量迅速增长。
[近] inflate, escalate, expand, burgeon, mushroom, snowball
[反] decrease, taper, dwindle, diminish, recede, wane 减少
symbol: [bə'lu:n]
zhuji3000: 【记】 balloon [气球],像气球 (充气之后快速膨胀) → v.迅速增加
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position: (2, 10)

正面: balm
definition: 【考法1】n. 香油,止痛膏;安慰物:a sweet-smelling oil that heals wounds or reduce pain; things that soothe the mind
[例] Friendship is the finest balm in need. 危难关头,友情是最好的安慰。
[反] irritant 刺激物
[派] balmy adj. 止痛的
【考法2】n. 香气:a sweet or pleasant smell
[例] The balm of the restaurant's backyard garden enhances the aura of romance. 餐馆后院传来的阵阵芳香增加了浪漫的情调。
[近] aroma, fragrance, incense, perfume, redolence
[反] fetor, malodor, stench, stink 恶臭
symbol: [bɑ:m]
zhuji: 【记】读：爸母。就是奶奶，老一代的祖传秘方配置者，主要功效用于镇痛，并且还能散发出芳香。用palm（n 手掌）balm你！可以使你calm
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position: (2, 10)

正面: banal
definition: 【考法】adj. 非原创的,陈腐的:lacking originality, freshness, or novelty; trite
[例] The slogan is too banal. 这口号已是陈词滥调了。
[近] cliché, hackneyed, stereotyped, threadbare, trite, timeworn, shopworn, stale, moth-eaten
[反] novel, innovative, arresting 新颖的
[派] banality n. 陈腐
symbol: [bə'nɑ:l]
zhuji: 【记】ban禁止，all所有－所有陈腐的都应该禁止banana容易banal
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position: (2, 10)

正面: bane
definition: 【考法1】n. 祸根:a source of harm or ruin
[例] Drinking was the bane of his life. 饮酒是他一生的祸根。
[近] affliction, curse, nemesis, scourge
[反] blessing, boon, felicity, windfall 福根
【考法2】n. 有害的物质:a substance that by chemical action can kill or injure a living thing
[例] a plant that is believed to be the bane of the wolf 一种被认为对狼有毒害作用的植物
[近] toxic, toxin, venom
[派] baneful adj. 有害的
symbol: [beɪn]
zhuji: 【记】1）ban挡住－挡住运气－祸根2）读：背。点儿背－祸根
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position: (2, 10)

正面: banish
definition: 【考法1】vt. 驱逐出境:to require by authority to leave a country
[例] Since the diplomatic relation between the two nations has been broken, diplomats were all banished. 随着两国外交关系的破裂,所有的外交人员都被驱逐出境。
[近] deport, exile, expatriate, expel
[反] repatriate 遣返
【考法2】vt. 赶出:to drive or force out
[例] The troublemakers were permanently banished from the youth recreational center. 肇事者被永久地剥夺了进入青年娱乐中心的权力。
[派] banishment n. 驱逐
symbol: ['bænɪ∫]
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position: (2, 10)

正面: banter
definition: 【考法】n./v. 幽默、打趣的(地)谈话:good-humored, playful conversation
[例] banter with someone 和某人调侃
[近] badinage, persiflage, repartee
Today is the first day of the rest of my life, I wake as a child to see the world begin. On monarch wings and birthday wonderings, want to put on faces, walk in the wet and cold. And look forward to my growing old, to grow is to change, to change is to be new, to be new is to be young again, I barely remember when.
——美国乡村歌手约翰·丹佛(John Denver)
录取院校:斯坦福大学计算机系)
symbol: ['bæntər]
zhuji: 【记】读：搬他。我们在开玩笑的时候经常会把某人搬起来，抛向空中，再接住。如果你不喜欢他，不接他也摔不死。
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position: (2, 10)

正面: barb
definition: 【考法】n. 尖锐而严厉的批评:a biting or pointedly critical remark or comment
[例] He delivered one last barb to his ex-girlfriend as he stalked away. 在他转身离去之前,给他前女友留下了最后一句尖锐的批评。
[近] affront, criticism, offense, outrage, sarcasm
[反] praise, applause, compliment 称赞
symbol: [bɑ:rb]
zhuji: 【记】1）barb原指倒翘的胡子，后来胡子变为beard，而barb成为倒钩的意思，后引申为尖刻的话。2）读：爸爸。一般来说，教育孩子要分唱白脸的和唱红脸的。严厉批评（说尖刻的话）的人肯定是爸爸，在旁边不失时机的劝阻的人肯定是妈妈。唉！作男人真是惨！天生就是这个命，就像鱼钩的倒刺扎到肉里，想拔出来很困难。
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position: (3, 1)

正面: barbarous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 野蛮的,凶残的:mercilessly harsh or cruel
[例] insulted by barbarous language 被粗暴的言语侵犯
[近] brutal, atrocious, fiendish, heartless, savage, truculent, vicious
[反] merciful, benevolent, humane, sympathetic 仁慈的
【考法2】adj. 未开化的:uncivilized
[例] some barbarous behaviors such as eating with your fingers 一些没有教养的举止,比如直接用手拿东西吃
[近] wild, uncultivated
[反] civilized, decent, decorous 举止得体的
symbol: ['bɑ:rbərəs]
zhuji: 【记】1）barb倒刺，尖刻话，ous多。身上长满鱼钩倒刺并且喜欢严厉批评别人的人。我只能说这种人太野蛮了，太残暴了。2）读：叭叭两个清脆的大嘴巴－残暴的3）爸爸ous多：只有可能有一个亲爸，别的都是后爸，特残暴！
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position: (3, 1)

正面: barefaced
definition: 【考法】adj. 公然的,厚颜无耻的:undisguisedly bold; brazen
[例] a barefaced lie 一个公然的谎言
[近] apparent, plain, bald, evident, manifest, obvious, perspicuous
[反] secret, furtive, clandestine, surreptitious 秘密的
symbol: ['berfeɪst]
zhuji: 【记】bare暴露，face脸－暴露脸的－不隐瞒的，厚颜无耻的
zhuji3000: 【根】 bare [赤裸的] + face [脸] + - (e) d [a.], (做坏事时) 露着脸,不担心被别人看到 → a. 公然的,厚颜无耻的
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position: (3, 1)

正面: bargain
definition: 【考法1】n. 协议:an agreement between parties settling what each gives or receives in a transaction
[例] They made a bargain that one would help the other next week. 他们达成了一项协议:下周其中一人将帮助另外一人。
[近] accord, compact, contract, covenant, deal, pact, settlement
【考法2】vi. 讨价还价:to negotiate over the terms of a purchase
[例] bargain over the price 讨价还价
[近] haggle, negotiate
symbol: ['bɑ:rgən]
zhuji: 【记】bar酒吧，gain得到。想在酒吧获得东西，怎能不侃价，一杯酒好几十，成本才几块，跟他砍！！！
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position: (3, 1)

正面: baroque
definition: 【考法1】adj. 装饰华丽的,过分雕琢的,复杂的:characterized by extravagance, complexity, or flamboyance
[例] a baroque prose 一篇辞藻华丽的散文
[近] byzantine, complicated, convoluted, elaborate, fancy, intricate, knotty, labyrinthine, lavish, tangled
[反] austere, plain, simple 朴实无华的
【考法2】adj.(程度上)过分的:going beyond a normal or acceptable limit in degree or amount
[例] Eventually even the movie seems bored by its baroque violence. 到最后,这电影也因为其中过度的暴力元素而显得让人厌烦。
[近] exorbitant, extravagant, lavish, overdue
[反] moderate, modest, temperate 适度的
symbol: [bə'roʊk]
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position: (3, 1)

正面: barrage
definition: 【考法1】n. 弹幕:a heavy curtain of artillery fire directed in front of friendly troops to protect them
[例] Troops are advancing under the shield of barrage. 部队在弹幕的掩护下前进。
[近] bombardment, fusillade
【考法2】n. 有压倒之势的、集中的倾泻(如言语):an overwhelming, concentrated outpouring, as of words
[例] The announcement was met with a barrage of criticism and protests. 此公告一出,批评和抗议的声音四起。
[近] salvo, hail, cannonade, shower, storm, volley
【考法3】v.(同时)袭来:to attack with a rapid or overwhelming outpouring of many things at once
[例] The athlete was barraged with requests for an autograph. 请求这位运动员签名的呼声如排山倒海般袭来。
[近] bomb
symbol: [bə'rɑ:ʒ]
zhuji: 【记】bar酒吧，rage愤怒。酒吧里出现暴怒的场面。一定是因为中国队输球了，遭遇了黑色3分钟什么的。只见酒吧里酒瓶子乱飞，形成弹幕。然后，酒越来越多，需要一个大坝拦住，不然，北京就成了威尼斯了。
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position: (3, 1)

正面: barren
definition: 【考法1】adj. 不育的:incapable of producing offspring
[例] a poor, barren woman 一名可怜的不孕女子
[近] fruitless, impotent, infertile, effete
[反] prolific, fecund 多产的
【考法2】adj. 不产生结果的,无效的:producing no results; unproductive
[例] That line of investigation proved barren, so the police tried other avenues. 那个方向的调查已经被证明是没有结果的了,所以警察开始尝试其他的途径。
[近] bootless, ineffective, inefficacious, unavailing, vain
[反] effective, successful, productive, virtuous 有效的,成功的
【考法3】adj. 贫瘠的:deficient in production of vegetation and especially crops
[例] barren deserts and wastelands 贫瘠的沙漠和荒野
[近] desolate, impoverished, waste
[反] arable, fruitful, luxuriant, verdant 富饶的,繁茂的
【考法4】adj. 极度匮乏的:utterly lacking in something needed, wanted, or expected
[例] Their proposal for revitalizing the downtown business district is utterly barren of practical methods. 他们意图重振中心商业区的计划缺乏能够起效的方法。
[近] bare, bereft, destitute, void
[反] filled, flush, fraught, full, replete, rife 充沛的
symbol: ['bærən]
zhuji: 【记】1）bar＝bare光光的－一无所有的－不毛的2）bar酒吧，ren人。泡吧的人。医学上有这种说法，过度饮酒和抽烟容易导致不孕。为了我们的下一代，请您注意身心健康。
zhuji3000: 【联】 barre [bare] + n. bare [空的] , “竹篮打水一场空” → a. 不产生结果的,无效的;田地上的庄稼不结果 → a. 贫瘠的;(粮食等) 极度匮乏的;无法得到“爱情的结晶” → a. 不育的
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position: (3, 1)

正面: barricade
definition: 【考法1】n. 障碍物:an obstruction or rampart thrown up across a way or passage
[例] The police put up barricades to block off the parade route. 警察设立了路障来阻挡游行的队伍。
[近] fence, hedge, wall, barrier, obstacle, blockade, obstruction
【考法2】vt. 用障碍物阻止通过:to prevent access to by means of a barricade
[例] Streets have been barricaded by authorities. 街道被当局封锁了。
[近] bar, check, hinder, impede, obstruct, wall off
[反] permit 允许
symbol: [ˌbæri'keɪd]
zhuji: 【记】bar（vt 阻挡；n 木棒），所以barric是阻止的词根－路障
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position: (3, 1)

正面: barter
definition: 【考法】v. 以物换物:to trade(goods or services)without the exchange of money
[例] barter wheat for cotton 以小麦换棉花
[近] swap, trade
symbol: ['bɑ:rtər]
zhuji: 【记】读：巴特尔（中国国家篮球队队员）。他来买你的东西可得小心。身高210cm，体重130公斤的力量型中锋，他要是使假币，你敢跟他牛吗？！所以，不要钱，可以要点儿他的背心儿、裤衩儿，鞋呀，袜子呀什么的。我知道你穿不了，但是有升值潜力－以物换物。
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position: (3, 1)

正面: batch
definition: 【考法1】n. 一批次的量:a number of things considered as a unit
[例] a batch of cookies 一批次烘烤的饼干
[近] array, collection, package, parcel, group
【考法2】n. 一小群人:a usually small number of persons considered as a unit
[例] Show the next batch of applicants in, please. 请带下一批申请人进来。
[近] band, body, cluster, party
symbol: [bæt∫]
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position: (3, 1)

正面: bathetic
definition: 【考法】adj. 平凡的,陈腐的:characterized by exceptional commonplaceness
[例] a bathetic funeral scene 平凡的葬礼场面
[近] trite, cliché, commonplace, hackneyed, stale, stereotyped
[反] offbeat 离奇的;exceptional 不平常的,非凡的
[派] bathos n. 平凡的事物
symbol: [bə'θetɪk]
zhuji: 【记】以bath洗澡开头地就这么一个单词，洗澡就是很平庸的一件事。
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position: (3, 2)

正面: bawdy
definition: 【考法】adj. 下流的,猥亵的:boisterously or humorously indecent
[例] a bawdy joke 黄色笑话‖a bawdy house 妓院
[近] obscene, lewd, ribald, vulgar
[反] decent, decorous 得体的;chaste, noble 贞洁的,高贵的
symbol: ['bɔ:di]
zhuji: 【记】读：body，body，body。想象，想象，再想象—妓女的。
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position: (3, 2)

正面: bedeck
definition: 【考法】vt. 装饰,点缀:to make more attractive by adding something that is beautiful or becoming
[例] flag bedecking the balcony 用以装饰阳台的旗子‖bedeck with jewels 用珠宝装饰
[近] adorn, beautify, decorate, dress, embellish, emblaze
[反] strip 剥去;blemish, deface, mar, spoil 损害,破坏
symbol: [bɪ'dek]
zhuji: 【记】bed床，deck甲板。床和甲板。人类的1/3的时间是在床上度过的（你们可能是1/2，不过，为了背单词要减到1/4，痛苦！），所以床需要装饰，尤其是入洞房的床—既要温馨，又要舒适。甲板也需要装饰，你们看titanic号的甲板—简直是奢侈、华丽的典范。Deck本身就有装饰的意思
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position: (3, 2)

正面: belabor
definition: 【考法1】vt.(当众)严厉批评:to criticize harshly and usually publicly
[例] It's not wise to belabor other people's flaws when you're hardly perfect yourself. 如果你自己还做不到完美,去指责他人是不明智的。
[近] beat, baste, batter, excoriate, lambaste, abuse, assail, vituperate, scathe
[反] applaud, extol, eulogize, endorse, acclaim 赞扬
【考法2】vt. 就…作过度的说明,喋喋不休:to explain or insist on excessively
[例] belabor the obvious 就显而易见的问题喋喋不休
[近] dwell on, harp on
[反] disregard, omit, ignore, neglect, slight, slur over 忽略
symbol: [bɪ'leɪbər]
zhuji: 【记】labor劳动－不断劳动－反复做或说
zhuji3000: 【根】 be- [by] + labor [work], by work → vt. 就…作过度的说明,喋喋不休;(当众) 严厉批评
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position: (3, 2)

正面: beleaguer
definition: 【考法1】vt. 包围,围攻:to surround(as a fortified place)with armed forces for the purpose of capturing or preventing commerce and communication
[例] beleaguered the castle for months 围攻堡垒长达数月
[近] siege, besiege, invest, blockade
[反] retreat, withdraw 撤退
【考法2】vt. 使困扰,使烦恼,使消沉:trouble, harass, beset
[例] We are still beleaguered by the very problem. 我们仍然为这一个问题感到困扰。
[近] annoy, harass, pester, plague, tease
[反] delight 使愉悦
[派] beleaguering adj. 扰人的
symbol: [bɪ'li:gər]
zhuji: 【记】be成为，leaguer（n 联盟的会员；vt 围攻）－联盟的目的就是围攻别人－使他烦恼。
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position: (3, 2)

正面: belie
definition: 【考法1】vt. 错误地描述;误述:to picture falsely; misrepresent
[例] The report belied the real severity of the aftermath. 这个报道错误地评价了后果的严重性。
[近] misrepresent, falsify
[反] betray, reveal 表明,暴露,揭露(伪装)
【考法2】vt. 证明…为假:to show(something)to be false or wrong
[例] Practical experience belies this theory. 实践证明这个理论是错误的。
[近] debunk, discredit, refute, shoot down
[反] attest, confirm, validate, verify 证实
【考法3】vt. 掩饰:to keep secret or shut off from view
[例] Security Council issued false assurances that belied the true gravity of the situation. 安理会发布了不真实的承诺,掩盖了局势的严重性。
[近] conceal, curtain, disguise, mask
[反] disclose, expose 揭露
【考法4】vt. 与…相对立;与…相矛盾:to be counter to; contradict
[例] At first glance, life at the boarding school seemed to belie all the bad things I had heard about it. 乍看之下,寄宿学校的生活似乎不同于我所听说的有关它的糟糕情形。
[近] contradict, contravene
[反] agree 与…相一致
symbol: [bɪ'laɪ]
zhuji: 【记】be成为，lie谎言－使…成谎言－证明…为假
zhuji3000: 【记】 be- + lie [v. 说谎], 谎言的目的 → v. 掩饰;说谎,说了不正确的话 → v. 错误地描述,误述;(证明) …是谎言 → v. 证明…为假;像谎言一样矛盾 → v. 与…相对立,与…相矛盾
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position: (3, 2)

正面: bellwether
definition: 【考法】n. 领导者,带头人:one that takes the lead or initiative
[例] Paris is a bellwether of the fashion industry. 巴黎是一座引领时尚潮流的都市。
[近] leader, pacemaker, pilot, trendsetter
[反] follower, disciple, imitator 跟随者,弟子,模仿者
symbol: ['belweðə]
zhuji: 【记】原指：脖子上挂着铃的被阉割过的公羊，它是一群羊的首领。Bell（n 铃当）；wether（n 被阉割过的公羊）
zhuji3000: 【根】 bell [铃] + wether [公羊], 系铃公羊 → n. 领导者,带头人
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正面: beneficent
definition: 【考法1】adj. 仁慈的,好慈善的:characterized by or performing acts of kindness or charity
[例] a beneficent couple who are regular volunteers at an orphan 一对常在孤儿院做义工的慈善的夫妇
[近] kind, altruistic, benevolent, philanthropic, benign, compassionate, sympathetic
[反] atrocious, barbarous, truculent, vicious 残忍的
[派] beneficently adv. 仁慈地
【考法2】adj.(对个人或社会)有益的:promoting or contributing to personal or social well-being
[例] the beneficent effect of sunshine 日光浴的益处
[近] helpful, advantageous, favorable, kindly, profitable, salutary
[反] detrimental, harmful, noxious, toxic 有害的
symbol: [bɪ'nefɪsnt]
zhuji: 【记】bene好，fic做－做好事的－行善的
zhuji3000: 【根】 ben (e) [goodness] + fic [make] + -ent [a.], make goodness → a. 仁慈的,好慈善的;(对个人或社会) 有益的
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position: (3, 2)

正面: benign
definition: 【考法1】adj. 好心的,仁慈的:showing kindness and gentleness
[例] a benign coach 一名仁慈的教练
[近] beneficent, gentle, kind
[反] abrasive, caustic, coarse, hard, harsh, rough, scathing, stern 粗暴的,严厉的
【考法2】adj. 无害的:not causing or being capable of causing injury or hurt
[例] Don't worry; his eccentricities are entirely benign. 别担心,他那些古怪行为不会给人带来伤害。
[近] harmless, innocent, innocuous, inoffensive
[反] baleful, deleterious, detrimental, harmful, injurious, pernicious 有害的
symbol: [bɪ'naɪn]
zhuji: 【记】ben好，ign形容词后缀－好的－仁慈的；
zhuji3000: 【根】 ben [good] + i + gn [gen, generate], “generate good”, 心生善意 → a. 好心的,仁慈的;无害的
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position: (3, 2)

正面: berate
definition: 【考法】vt.(长时间)严厉指责:to scold or condemn vehemently and at length
[例] He berated them in public. 他公开谴责他们。
[近] castigate, flay, lambaste, scold, rail, upbraid, reproach, reprimand
[反] commend, compliment, praise 表扬,赞颂
symbol: [bɪ'reɪt]
zhuji: 【记】rate（vt 责骂）
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position: (3, 2)

正面: beseech
definition: 【考法】vt.(急切地)恳求:to beg for urgently or anxiously
[例] They besought the military to act immediately. 他们恳求军方立即采取行动。
[近] appeal, conjure, entreat, implore, petition, plead, supplicate
[反] demand(依据权力等)要求
symbol: [bɪ'si:t∫]
zhuji: 【记】1）seech＝seek寻求－恳求2）be被动，see看，ch读：吃。天天被人看还有吃的—那是佛爷—天天被祈求，被恳求的对象。比如：北京的卧佛寺（被G友们戏称为offer寺），香火极盛，没拿到offer的都去那里祈求、恳求offer，据说很灵。
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position: (3, 3)

正面: besmirch
definition: 【考法1】vt. 弄脏,弄污:to make dirty; soil
[例] They besmirched the white bed sheets with their dirty hands. 他们的脏手把白床单弄脏了。
[近] foul, smirch, smudge, taint
[反] clean, cleanse 清洁
【考法2】vt. 诽谤,玷污:to detract from the honor or luster of
[例] besmirch your reputation by fabricating scandals 通过捏造丑闻来玷污你的名声
[近] defile, smear, soil, stain, smirch
[反] honor 授予荣誉
symbol: [bɪ'smɜ:rt∫]
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position: (3, 3)

正面: bifurcate
definition: 【考法】v.(使)分成两支:(to cause)to divide into two branches or parts
[例] Their visions of the company's future slowly began to bifurcate. 我们关于公司未来的构想慢慢出现分歧。
[近] divide, diverge, fork
[反] coalesce 联合;converge 汇合
symbol: ['baɪfərkeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】bi两个，furc＝fork（n 叉）－分为两叉
zhuji3000: 【根】 bi- [两个] + furc [fork] + -ate [v.], (使) 两叉 → v. (使)分成两支
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position: (3, 3)

正面: bigot
definition: 【考法】n. 固执己见者,有偏见的人:a person obstinately devoted to his own opinions and prejudices
[例] He is a bigot, or“a slave of dogma”. 他是一个固执己见的人,换言之,就是教条主义的奴隶。
[近] dogmatist, partisan
[反] depreciator, disparager 贬低他人的人
[派] bigoted adj. 固执己见的
symbol: ['bɪgət]
zhuji: 【记】bi两个，got，得到－两个都想得到的人－就是鱼与熊掌都想得到的人－固执己见的人be got：被宗教抓住的人－盲信者
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position: (3, 3)

正面: bland
definition: 【考法1】adj. 味道平淡的,不刺激的:not irritating or stimulating; soothing
[例] stick to bland diet to lose weight 坚持清淡的饮食以减肥‖bland food that was good for babies and invalids 对婴儿和病患有益的温和的食物
[近] mild, light, soft, soothing, tender
[反] pungent, tangy, zesty 味道刺激的
【考法2】adj. 无趣的:dull, insipid
[例] a bland story with naïve plot 一个情节幼稚的无聊故事
[近] banal, sapless, insipid
[反] riveting, enchanting 诱人的
【考法3】adj. 温和的,和蔼的:not harsh or stern especially in nature or effect
[例] his face expanding in a bland smile 他的脸上绽开了温和的笑容
[近] balmy, benign, delicate, mellow, nonabrasive
[反] abrasive, caustic, coarse, hard, harsh, rough, scathing, stern 刺激性的;尖刻的,严厉的
symbol: [blænd]
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position: (3, 3)

正面: blandishment
definition: 【考法】n. 甜言蜜语,讨好某人的话:something that tends to coax or cajole
[例] Our blandishment left her unmoved. 纵使甜言蜜语她也无动于衷。
[近] flattery, adulation
symbol: ['blændɪ∫mənt]
zhuji: 【记】bland温和的，ish表动作－用温和的手段骗－哄骗
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position: (3, 3)

正面: blasé
definition: 【考法】adj.(过度放纵之后)厌倦享乐的,腻烦的:apathetic to pleasure or excitement as a result of excessive indulgence or enjoyment
[例] Years of extravagance has made him totally blasé. 长期的奢华生活已使他彻底麻木。
[近] indifferent, jaded, unconcerned, world-weary
[反] zealous, fanatic 狂热的;curious 好奇的
symbol: [blɑ:'zeɪ]
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position: (3, 3)

正面: blast
definition: 【考法1】n. 爆炸:an explosion or violent detonation
[例] blast wave of a nuclear bomb 原子弹的冲击波
[近] burst, detonation, eruption, outburst
[反] implosion 向内爆裂
【考法2】n. 一阵猛烈的强风:a violent gust of wind
[例] blasts of bleak air 阵阵阴风
[近] blow, flurry
【考法3】n. 巨响:a loud explosive sound
[例] A sharp blast of the horn startled the other driver. 一声尖锐刺耳的喇叭声惊吓到了另一名司机。
[近] bang, boom, thunderclap
[反] murmur, whisper 轻言轻语
【考法4】vt. 炸裂,爆破:to cause to break open or into pieces by or as if by an explosive
[例] The highway engineers will have to blast that hill in order to put a road through here. 为了建设一条通过这里的公路,道路工程师们必须对那座山施行爆破。
[近] demolish, explode, smash, blow up
【考法5】vt. 斥责,抨击:to criticize harshly and usually publicly
[例] blast the new governor for every little misstep 就每一个小的失误抨击新的执政官
[近] abuse, assail, belabor, castigate, lambaste, scathe, vituperate
symbol: [blæst]
zhuji3000: 【联】 b [blow] + last, 持续一阵的blow [风;打击] → n.一阵猛烈的强风;(强风来自) → n. 爆炸v. 炸裂,爆破;(爆炸产生) → n. 巨响;持续一阵的打击 → v. 斥责,抨击
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position: (3, 3)

正面: blatant
definition: 【考法1】adj. 大声喧哗的:noisy, especially in a vulgar or offensive manner
[例] blatant radios 喧闹恼人的电台
[近] boisterous, clamant, clamorous, vociferous
[反] quiet, reticent, taciturn 安静的,沉默少语的
【考法2】adj.(让人生厌地)惹人注目的:very noticeable especially for being incorrect or bad
[例] a blatant lie 明目张胆的谎言‖a blatant error in simple addition 简单加法运算中的一个明显错误
[近] conspicuous, flagrant, glaring, patent, striking, pronounced
[反] subtle, unimpressive 细微的
symbol: ['bleɪtnt]
zhuji: 【记】1）blat喋喋不休，ant蚂蚁－喋喋不休的蚂蚁在炫耀自己搬家的本领－喧哗的，炫耀的。参：blatter（v 滔滔不绝地说）2）bla读：不累，ant蚂蚁－不累的蚂蚁在disco－喧哗的，炫耀的
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position: (3, 3)

正面: blazon
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使知名:to make known openly or publicly
[例] Their very public canoodling has pretty much blazoned the fact that they are having an affair. 他们彼此间公开的亲昵举动让他们之间的恋情大白于天下。
[近] annunciate, broadcast, declare, publicize, proclaim
[反] withhold 保留,不透露
【考法2】v. 修饰,装扮:to make more attractive by adding something that is beautiful or becoming
[例] The university's dormitory has been blazoned with banners celebrating graduation. 大学宿舍被那些庆祝毕业的横幅装饰一新。
[近] adorn, bedeck, embellish, garnish
[反] blemish, deface, mar, spoil 损害,破坏
symbol: ['bleɪzn]
zhuji: 【记】bla读：不累，on上－在装饰上不累的作－纹章
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position: (3, 3)

正面: blemish
definition: 【考法1】n. 缺点,污点:a noticeable imperfection
[例] The first LCD had several blemishes on its surface, so we took it back to the store. 第一块液晶显示屏有许多坏点,所以我们拿回商场去退货了。
[近] blotch, defect, fault, flaw, mar, spot, scar
【考法2】vt. 损害,玷污:to reduce the soundness, effectiveness, or perfection of
[例] A scratch blemished the finish on the car. 一道刮痕破坏了车子表面的涂层。
[近] break, disfigure, harm, hurt, impair, injure, spoil, vitiate
[反] fix, renovate, repair, revamp 翻新,维修
[派] unblemished adj. 纯洁的,无瑕疵的
symbol: ['blemɪ∫]
zhuji: 【记】读：布莱（尔）迷失。这个可不是女巫布莱尔，是英国首相布莱尔，如果他丢了，是不是英国皇室的一大耻辱？
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position: (3, 4)

正面: blight
definition: 【考法1】v.(使)枯萎:to affect(as a plant)with blight
[近] wither, shrivel
[反] flourish 生长繁茂
【考法2】v. 损害:to impair the quality or effect of
[例] Illness blighted his career. 伤病毁了他的职业生涯。
[近] damage, deteriorate, harm, impair, mar, ruin
[派] blighted adj. 枯萎的;毁坏的
symbol: [blaɪt]
zhuji: 【记】b不，light光－植物没光就会枯萎
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position: (3, 4)

正面: bliss
definition: 【考法1】n. 极度快乐:extreme happiness; ecstasy
[例] Ignorance is bliss ——The Matrix. 无知者,幸也。(电影《黑客帝国》)
[近] beatitude, joy, ecstasy, elation
[反] grief, misery 悲痛
【考法2】n. 极乐世界:a dwelling place of perfect happiness for the soul after death
[例] the road to eternal bliss 通往永恒乐土的道路
[近] heaven, paradise
[反] hell 地狱
[派] blissful adj. 带来幸运的
symbol: [blɪs]
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position: (3, 4)

正面: blithe
definition: 【考法1】adj. 愉快高兴的:of a happy lighthearted character or disposition
[例] Everyone loved her for her blithe spirit. 所有人都喜欢她开朗的性格。
[近] bright, buoyant, gay, jocular, jocund, jovial
[反] dour, gloomy, morose, saturnine, sulky, sullen 忧郁的
【考法2】adj. 无忧无虑的;漫不经心的:having or showing freedom from worries or troubles
[例] He has a blithe attitude about ever having to earn a living because he knows there's a trust fund in his future. 他对生活无忧无虑,因为他知道他的未来有信托基金可以倚靠。
[近] debonair, insouciant, lighthearted
[反] careworn 焦虑的
symbol: [blaɪð]
zhuji: 【记】bli读：不赖，the根：神。不赖的神－轻松快乐的读：不理事－什么都不理－无忧无虑的
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position: (3, 4)

正面: blueprint
definition: 【考法1】n. 蓝图,详细计划:a photographic print used especially for architects' plans
[例] a blueprint for the new library 新图书馆的建造蓝图
[近] arrangement, design, plan, scheme
【考法2】vt. 事先计划:to work out the details of(something)in advance
[例] blueprint the schedule of events for the festival right down to the last detail 把节日活动的每一个细节都事先安排好
[近] arrange, budget, calculate, organize, frame, lay out
symbol: ['blu:print]
zhuji3000: 【根】 blue [蓝] + print [印刷 (出的图)],“蓝图” → n. 蓝图,详细计划v. 事先计划
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position: (3, 4)

正面: blunder
definition: 【考法1】n. 过失:a gross error or mistake resulting usually from stupidity, ignorance, or carelessness
[例] That's your second blunder today. 这是你今天犯的第二个低级错误了。
[近] mistake, gaffe, lapse, error
【考法2】v. 在…方面犯了很愚蠢且通常很严重的错误;糟蹋:to make a stupid, usually serious error in; botch
[近] screw up, mess up
【考法3】v. 蹒跚:to move unsteadily or confusedly
[例] Without my glasses I blundered into the wrong room. 因为没戴眼镜,所以我蹒跚地走入了错误的房间。
[近] stumble, falter, limp, plod
[派] blundering adj. 蹒跚行走的
symbol: ['blʌndər]
zhuji: 【记】bl＝blow打，under下面－被打入18层地狱－犯了大错plunder（v 抢劫）是blunder
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position: (3, 4)

正面: blunt
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使变钝:to make less sharp or definite
[近] dull, deaden, hebetate, benumb, enfeeble
[反] whet, sharpen 磨尖
【考法2】vt. 减弱(力度等):to reduce or weaken in strength or feeling
[例] The abrupt music blunted the effect of the movie's final tragic scene. 突兀的音乐让电影结束时悲剧场景的氛围大打折扣。
[近] dampen, deaden, attenuate
【考法3】adj. 直率的:being or characterized by direct, brief, and potentially rude speech or manner
[例] He values honesty and is quite blunt about telling people what he doesn't like about them. 他重视诚实,经常直率地告诉别人他们何处使他不满。
[近] abrupt, bluff, brusque, curt, gruff
[反] circuitous, mealy-mouthed 拐弯抹角的
symbol: [blʌnt]
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position: (3, 4)

正面: blur
definition: 【考法1】v.(使)变得朦胧,(使)变得不清楚:to(cause sth. to)become vague or indistinct
[例] Sorrowful tears blurred her eyes. 悲伤的眼泪模糊了她的双眼。
[近] shroud, becloud, befog, obscure
[反] clear 使清晰
[派] blurring adj. 朦胧的
【考法2】vt. 使不易理解:to make(something)unclear to the understanding
[例] An article for the layman that blurs the distinction between the two kinds of cholesterol. 一篇针对普通读者的文章对两种胆固醇的区别表述得含糊不清。
[近] obfuscate
[反] clarify, illuminate 阐明,说清楚
symbol: [blɜ:r]
zhuji: 【记】读：不乐。名誉被损坏了，当然高兴不起来了。Blur乐队的CD封面都是“模糊”的
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position: (3, 4)

正面: blurt
definition: 【考法】vt. 突然说出,冲动地说:to utter abruptly and impulsively
[例] blurt out the secret 脱口说出了秘密
[近] burst, bolt, ejaculate, cry out
[反] muffle, mute 使缄默
symbol: [blɜ:t]
zhuji: 【记】blur（v 玷污），t他－你想玷污他，就会脱口而出他的坏话。
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position: (3, 4)

正面: bluster
definition: 【考法1】v. 狂妄自大地大声说:to speak in a loudly arrogant or bullying manner
[例] He was blustering alone in the meeting, which triggered wide dissatisfaction. 他一人在会议上夸夸其谈,引得众人不满。
[近] roar, clamor, rattle
[反] whisper 小声嘀咕
【考法2】n. 大声吹嘘;恐吓:loudly boastful or threatening speech
[近] grandiloquence, braggadocio
【考法3】n. 喧闹的状态:a state of noisy, confused activity
[例] a mayor who got things done without a lot of bluster 一个能把事情低调解决的市长
[近] disturbance, pandemonium, tumult, turmoil
[派] blustering adj. 大吵大闹的
symbol: ['blʌstər]
zhuji: 【记】blust＝blast（n 一阵突然风）
zhuji3000: 【联】 blu [blow] + -ster [monster], blow (like a monster) → v. 狂妄自大地大声说;大声吹嘘,恐吓 n.喧闹的状态
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position: (3, 4)

正面: boggle
definition: 【考法1】v.(因为怀疑、恐惧)犹豫:to hesitate because of doubt, fear, or scruples
[例] boggle at the dilemma 身处困境而犹豫不决
[近] hesitate, falter, waver
【考法2】v. 笨拙地做:to make or do(something)in a clumsy or unskillful way
[例] She boggled her first effort to make Christmas cookies. 她第一次笨手笨脚尝试做圣诞蛋糕。
[近] botch, bungle
symbol: ['bɑ:gl]
zhuji: 【记】读：报告。你们小时候在迟到的时候，是不是得喊报告才能进教室，我想你们当时的心情就应该是犹豫，畏缩不前。
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position: (3, 5)

正面: boisterous
definition: 【考法】adj. 喧嚷的,吵闹的:noisily turbulent
[例] a boisterous queue in front of the pavilion 场馆前喧闹的队伍‖boisterous mirth 喧闹的欢笑
[近] rowdy, vociferous, blatant, clamorous, raucous, rambunctious
[反] quiet, sedate 安静的
[派] boisterousness n. 喧闹
symbol: ['bɔɪstərəs]
zhuji: 【记】boi＝boil（v 沸腾）－水沸腾的感觉－喧闹的，狂暴的
zhuji3000: 【联】 boi (l) [沸腾] + (mon) ster [怪兽] + -ous [a.], 沸腾的怪兽 → a. 喧嚷的,吵闹的
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position: (3, 5)

正面: bolster
definition: 【考法1】n./v. 支撑(物):a structural part designed to eliminate friction or provide support or bearing
[例] pillars that bolster the building 支撑房屋的柱子
[近] brace, buttress, bear, sustain, undergird, underpin, uphold, prop up
【考法2】vt. 鼓励,使有精力:to give a boost to
[例] news that bolsters the morale of the troops 鼓舞军队士气的消息
[近] buoy, reinforce
[反] dampen 泼冷水
symbol: ['boʊlstər]
zhuji: 【记】读：抱死他。如果他抢了你的女朋友，就用这招－用枕头从后头抱死他。既不会惊动邻居，又不会留下指纹，妙！！！
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position: (3, 5)

正面: bombast
definition: 【考法】n. 夸大的言辞:grandiloquent, pompous speech or writing
[例] “Their eloquence is all bombast”, said Charles Kingsley.“他们的雄辩是虚张声势”,查尔斯·金斯利如此说道。
[近] braggadocio, grandiloquence, exaggeration
[反] understatement 保守的观点
[派] bombastic adj. 夸大的
symbol: ['bɑ:mbæst]
zhuji: 【记】bomb（n 炸弹）－说话象炸弹－夸大之辞
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position: (3, 5)

正面: bonhomie
definition: 【考法】n. 温和,和蔼:a pleasant and affable disposition; geniality
[近] affability, amiability, geniality
[派] bonhomous adj. 和蔼的
symbol: [ˌbɑ:nə'mi:]
zhuji: 【记】bon好，homie＝human－好人－和蔼
zhuji3000: 【根】 bon [good] + hom [hum, human] + -ie [n.], good man, “人比较好, 比较nice” → n. 温和,和蔼
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position: (3, 5)

正面: boo
definition: 【考法】n./v. 嘘(以表示不满或嘲笑):a sound uttered to show contempt, scorn, or disapproval
[例] boo the actor off the stage 把演员嘘下舞台
[近] jeer, scorn
[反] applaud 鼓掌
symbol: ['bu:]
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position: (3, 5)

正面: boon
definition: 【考法1】n. 恩惠,福利:benefit, favor
[例] The new solar battery booster is a boon for photographers. 这个光伏充电器是摄影师们的福音。
[近] gift, benevolence, present, windfall
[反] misfortune, scourge 灾祸
【考法2】adj. 喜欢集体行动的:likely to seek or enjoy the company of others
[近] convivial, extroverted, gregarious, social, outgoing
[反] reclusive 隐居
symbol: [bu:n]
zhuji: 【记】1）从moon月亮上得到boon恩惠－嫦娥2）bon好，boon特别好－恩惠
zhuji3000: 【根】 来自词根bon [good] , 参bonus [奖金] → n. 恩惠,福利 a. 喜欢集体行动的,(词组boon companion [good friend])
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position: (3, 5)

正面: boor
definition: 【考法】n. 粗鲁的人,不敏感的人:a rude or insensitive person
[例] acting like a boor 表现得很粗鲁
[近] peasant, barbarian, buffoon
[反] sentimentalist 多愁善感的人
symbol: [bʊr]
zhuji: 【记】读：布耳。乡下人的耳朵是布做的，所以听不懂别人的意思，所以他们的正面特征是感觉迟钝的。Boor＝poor乡下人很穷。
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position: (3, 5)

正面: bootless
definition: 【考法】adj. 无用的:useless, unprofitable, futile
[例] The meeting turns out to be a bootless attempt. 这个会议被证明是一次徒劳的尝试。
[近] barren, ineffective, futile, abortive, fruitless, vain
[反] worthy有价值的
symbol: ['bu:tləs]
zhuji: 【记】boot鞋，less：没有鞋穿－无用的
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position: (3, 5)

正面: bound
definition: 【考法1】n. 界限:a real or imaginary point beyond which a person or thing cannot go
[例] The language in the novel really is beyond the bounds of decency. 这本小说的语言实在太不得体了。
[近] environs, limit, confines, perimeter
[反] unrestrainedness 无边无际
【考法2】vt. 给…设置限制:to set limits or bounds to
[例] The country is bounded by river. 这个国家的领土以河水为界。
[近] limit, demarcate, delimit
[反] enfranchise, free, liberate 释放
【考法3】adj. 投入的,坚定的:fully committed to achieving a goal
[例] I am bound and determined to write a novel before I turn 30. 我下定决心在30岁之前要写本小说。
[近] resolute, determined, single-minded, bent on
[反] faltering, hesitant, vacillating, wavering, weak-kneed 动摇的
[派] boundless adj. 无边无际的,无约束的
symbol: [baʊnd]
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position: (3, 5)

正面: boycott
definition: 【考法】vt. 联合抵制,拒绝参与:to engage in a concerted refusal to have dealings with(as a person, store, or organization)usually to express disapproval or to force acceptance of certain conditions
[例] This brand is being boycotted for damaging environment. 因为破坏环境,这个品牌正在被抵制。
[近] refuse
[反] patronize 经常光顾
symbol: ['bɔɪkɑ:t]
zhuji: 【记】来自人名""Boycott""，1897英国驻爱尔兰官员，因拒绝降低房租（地租）而被爱尔兰人抵制及驱逐（ostracize）
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position: (3, 6)

正面: bracing
definition: 【考法】adj. 令人振奋的,给人带来活力的:giving strength, vigor, or freshness
[例] a bracing news from the frontline 来自前线的振奋人心的消息
[近] invigorating, rejuvenating, reviving, stimulating
[反] vapid 乏味的
[派] brace v. 支持,使充满活力
symbol: ['breɪsɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】brace双臂（挥舞）：令人振奋的
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position: (3, 6)

正面: brake
definition: 【考法】v. 刹车:to cause to move or proceed at a less rapid pace
[例] A seagull swooped down in front of her car, causing her to slam on the brakes. 一只海鸥忽然俯冲到车窗前,她猛踩刹车。
[近] decelerate, retard, slacken
[反] accelerate, hasten, rush, speed up 加速
symbol: [breɪk]
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position: (3, 6)

正面: brash
definition: 【考法1】adj. 愚勇的,鲁莽的:foolishly adventurous or bold
[例] that brash motorcyclist likes to show off by riding on only one wheel 那个鲁莽的摩托车手喜欢炫耀单轮骑车
[近] audacious, brassy, daredevil, madcap, reckless, temerarious
[反] circumspect, guarded, heedful, prudent, wary 谨慎的
【考法2】adj. 缺乏判断力的,不明智的:showing poor judgment especially in personal relationships or social situations
[例] He was reprimanded for his brash comments to the media about the team's coaching staff. 他因对媒体说了一些有关教练组的不明智的评论而遭到指责。
[近] imprudent, injudicious, tactless, undiplomatic
[反] advisable, discreet, tactful 明智的
symbol: [bræ∫]
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position: (3, 6)

正面: brassy
definition: 【考法1】adj. 厚脸皮的,不知羞耻的:displaying or marked by rude boldness
[例] brassy reporters 厚颜无耻的记者
[近] audacious, bold-faced, brazen, impertinent, impudent, insolent
[反] diffident, unassertive, retiring, timid 羞怯的,谦逊的
【考法2】adj. 华而不实地炫耀的:cheap and showy; flashy
[反] furtive 隐秘的
symbol: ['bræsɪ]
zhuji: 【记】脸象brass（n 黄铜）一样厚－厚颜无耻的
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position: (3, 6)

正面: bravado
definition: 【考法1】n. 假装勇敢:a pretense of bravery
[例] I remembered his youthful bravado. 我还记得他的年少鲁莽。
【考法2】n. 虚张声势:blustering swaggering conduct
[例] strive to prevent our courage from turning into bravado 努力阻止我们的勇气变成虚张声势
symbol: [brə'vɑ:dəu]
zhuji: 【记】bravo[勇敢，优秀的]，do作－作出勇敢状－虚张声势
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position: (3, 6)

正面: bravura
definition: 【考法】adj./n. 优秀演技(的):brilliant technique or style in performance
[例] a truly bravura performance of the ballet 一场极其精彩的芭蕾舞演出
[近] adroit, artful, dexterous, masterful
[反] amateur, artless, unprofessional, unskillful 业余的,拙劣的
symbol: [brə'vʊərə]
zhuji: 【记】bravo[勇敢，优秀的]，a和o结尾的单词多数是意大利语，表示音乐。
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position: (3, 6)

正面: brazen
definition: 【考法1】adj. 蛮横大胆的,厚颜无耻的:marked by contemptuous boldness
[例] a brazen disregard for the rules 蛮横大胆地漠视规则
[近] bold-faced, impertinent, impudent, insolent
[反] modest, self-effacing, diffident, retiring, timid 谦虚的,胆小的
【考法2】v. 大胆自信地去面对或从事:to face or undergo with bold self-assurance
[例] brazen out the crisis 沉着面对危机‖Some people prefer to brazen a thing out rather than admit defeat. 有的人不愿承认失败,而是宁肯厚着脸皮干下去。
[近] confront, outface, defy
[反] dodge, duck, shirk, sidestep 躲开,避谈
symbol: ['breɪzn]
zhuji: 【记】braz＝brass（n 黄铜）－脸像黄铜－厚颜无耻的
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position: (3, 6)

正面: breach
definition: 【考法1】n.(对伦理、法律准则的)破坏:a breaking of a moral or legal code
[例] cheating on the exam was a serious breach of the military academy's honor code 考试作弊是对军校的荣誉准则的严重破坏
[近] malefaction, transgression, trespass, violation, wrongdoing
【考法2】v. 违背:to fail to keep
[例] a builder being sued by a homeowner for breaching a contract 建筑商因违约被房主起诉
[近] contravene, fracture, infringe, transgress
[反] obey, observe, comply with, conform to 遵守
symbol: [bri:t∫]
zhuji: 【记】breach＝break（n 破裂；v 打破，违犯）
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position: (3, 6)

正面: brevity
definition: 【考法1】n. 简短,简洁:shortness of duration
[例] The best quality a graduation speech can have is brevity. 好的毕业演讲必须简洁。
[近] briefness, conciseness, shortness
[反] lengthiness 冗长
【考法2】n. 精炼:the quality or state of being marked by or using only few words to convey much meaning
[例] If brevity is the soul of wit, then that speech wasn't at all witty. 如果说精炼是智慧的灵魂,那么那个演讲毫无智慧可言。
[近] conciseness, pithiness, sententiousness, terseness
[反] diffuseness, long-windedness, prolixity, verbosity, wordiness 冗长,啰嗦
symbol: ['brevəti]
zhuji: 【记】brev短，缩短，ity表状态－短的状态－`短暂，简短
zhuji3000: 【根】 brev [brief] + -ity [n.], brief → n. 简短,简洁;精炼abbreviate [ə'briːvieɪt]
【根】 ab- [ad-, to] + brev (i) [brief] + -ate [v.], (make) brief → v. 缩写,缩短
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position: (3, 6)

正面: bribe
definition: 【考法】v. 贿赂,收买:to give something, such as money or a favor, to a person in a position of trust to influence that person's views or conduct
[例] They bribed him to keep quiet about the incident. 他们收买他,希望其保持缄默。
[近] corrupt, pay off, square
symbol: [braɪb]
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position: (3, 7)

正面: bridle
definition: 【考法】v. 限制:to keep from exceeding a desirable degree or level(as of expression)
[例] Try to bridle your criticism next time so that it is helpful and not hurtful. 下回尽量控制好批评的语气,让其既顺耳又有益。
[近] check, contain, curb, constrain, inhibit, regulate, restrain, tame, rein in
symbol: ['braɪdl]
zhuji: 【记】1）bride（n 新娘），婚后新娘会控制新郎，成为半边天。2）读：不愿动。因为被抑制，控制了。3）来自ride骑，前边有个b不：不骑。用马笼头来实现。
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position: (3, 7)

正面: brisk
definition: 【考法1】adj. 充满生机的,有活力的:marked by much life, movement, or activity
[例] brisk and concise response 轻快而简洁的回答
[近] animated, bouncing, bustling, frisky, kinetic, sprightly, vibrant
[反] lackadaisical, languid, leaden, dead, inactive, lifeless 没有生机的
【考法2】adj.(言辞或方式)尖刻辛辣的,刻薄的:keen or sharp in speech or manner
[例] a brisk greeting 尖刻的祝贺
symbol: [brɪsk]
zhuji: 【记】读：不risk。不冒险就难受－充满生机的和有活力的
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position: (3, 7)

正面: bristle
definition: 【考法1】v. 怒不可遏,咆哮:to express one's anger usually violently
[例] bristle at the suggestion of gay marriage 对基情怒不可遏
[近] bluster, fulminate, rampage, fume, storm
[反] cower 畏缩
【考法2】v. 供应充足,充满:to be copiously supplied
[例] starting a new life in New York city bristling with possibilities 在有着无限机会的纽约开始新生活
[近] brim, overflow, swarm, teem
symbol: ['brɪsl]
zhuji: 【记】b不，ris＝rise升起，tle读：头。不抬头，豪猪的毛竖起来的时候是不抬头的。
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position: (3, 7)

正面: brittle
definition: 【考法1】adj. 易碎的,脆弱的,易坏的:easily broken, cracked, or snapped
[例] as brittle as glass 像玻璃一样脆弱
[近] crispy, crumbly, flaky, friable
【考法2】adj. 不热心的,不真心的:lacking in friendliness or warmth of feeling
[例] a brittle apology that was anything but heartfelt 一个毫不真诚的道歉
[近] chilly, frigid, frosty, glacial, unfriendly, unsympathetic
[反] cordial, genial, warmhearted 热心的
symbol: ['brɪtl]
zhuji: 【记】bottle容易brittle。
zhuji3000: 【联】 br [break] + ittle [little], 容易碎的小玩意 → a. 易碎的,脆弱的,易坏的;不热心的,不真心的
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position: (3, 7)

正面: broach
definition: 【考法1】vt. 开启,启封:to open for the first time
[例] broach a keg of beer 开一小桶酒
[近] break
[反] close off 关闭
【考法2】vt. 提出讨论:to present or bring forward for discussion
[例] broach the topic of plans for next year's parade 将明年的游行活动计划提上讨论日程
[近] moot, place, raise, bring up
symbol: [broʊt∫]
zhuji: 【记】读：不如吃。不如咱们把这瓶酒吃了吧？这是提出一个主题供讨论，大家同意后就可以开瓶了。
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position: (3, 7)

正面: bromide
definition: 【考法】n. 陈词滥调:a commonplace or hackneyed statement or notion
[例] A newspaper editorial offered the timeworn bromide that people should settle their differences peacefully. 报纸编辑又拿出那一套呼吁和平解决纷争的陈词滥调。
[近] banality, cliché, platitude, homily, truism, chestnut, shibboleth
symbol: ['broʊmaɪd]
zhuji: 【记】读：不如买的。买的都是好东西，新潮的东西。不如买的就是过时的东西－陈词滥调
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position: (3, 7)

正面: brook
definition: 【考法1】vt. 忍受,容许:to stand for, tolerate
[例] brook no interference with his plans 不能容忍别人对他的计划进行干涉
[近] abide, countenance, endure, stomach
【考法2】n. 小溪流:a natural stream of water normally smaller than and often tributary to a river: creek
[例] There are tiny fish and frogs in that brook. 那条小溪里有小鱼和青蛙。
[近] creek, rivulet
symbol: [brʊk]
zhuji: 【记】小河要容忍泛滥，或者断流的痛苦。
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position: (3, 7)

正面: browbeat
definition: 【考法】vt. 恐吓:to intimidate by a stern manner or arrogant speech: bully
[例] They would often browbeat the younger child until he cried. 他们总是把小朋友欺负到哭为止。
[近] blackjack, bulldoze, bully, cow, hector, intimidate
symbol: ['braʊbi:t]
zhuji: 【记】brow眉毛，beat打架。>:-<（吓唬）
zhuji3000: 【根】 brow [眉毛] + beat [打], 用眉毛“打人”、吓人 → vt. 恐吓
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position: (3, 7)

正面: bruit
definition: 【考法】vt.(未经证实地)散播(消息):to make(as a piece of information)the subject of common talk without any authority or confirmation of accuracy
[例] It's been bruited that... 到处传播…
[近] circulate, whisper, noise about
[反] keep secret 保持秘密
symbol: ['bru:t]
zhuji: 【记】读：不如他。我不如他？？？这是谣言！！！
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position: (3, 7)

正面: buck
definition: 【考法1】v. 阻止,反对:to refuse assent, to refuse to give in to
[例] buck the system 不遵守制度
[近] defy, fight, oppose, repel, withstand
[反] assent to, bow to, submit to, succumb to, surrender to, yield to 赞成,服从
【考法2】v. 转移,交接:to shift possession of(something)from one person to another
[例] buck each box to the next person in line 将每一个盒子传给队伍中的后一人
[近] transfer, hand over
symbol: [bʌk]
zhuji: 【记】读：罢课。一种竭力反对上课的行为。
zhuji3000: 【记】 buck [雄鹿], “jump like a buck” → v. 阻止,反对;转移,交接
[注] buck还表示“美元” (鹿皮曾经被作为货币), 是一种口语化的说法
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position: (3, 8)

正面: budge
definition: 【考法1】v.(使)改变立场或态度:to alter a position or attitude
[例] Nothing would budge him. 没有什么可以让他改变主意。
【考法2】v. 停止抵抗,屈服:to cease resistance(as to another's arguments, demands, or control)
[例] Despite hours of intense pressure, she refused to budge from her position. 尽管被连续施压几小时,她仍旧不肯让步。
[近] concede, relent, submit, succumb, surrender
[反] resist 拒绝,抵抗
symbol: [bʌʤ]
zhuji: 【记】budget（n 预算），去掉t（微微移动一点）就变成了‘budge’
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position: (3, 8)

正面: bulge
definition: 【考法1】n. 凸起:a protuberant or swollen part or place
[例] a bulge in his jacket 他衣服上鼓起来的一块
[近] convexity, projection, protrusion, protuberance, swell
[反] depressed region, cavity, dent, indent, recess, pit 凹陷,坑
[派] bulging adj. 凸起的
[例] bulging eyes 暴鱼眼
【考法2】n. 比赛中的优势地位:the more favorable condition or position in a competition
[例] Somehow she got the bulge on him in the race for the statehouse. 她在州议员竞选中领先了他。
[近] high ground, inside track, upper hand, whip hand
[反] disadvantage, drawback, handicap, liability 劣势
【考法3】n. 暴涨,突增,在数目或数量上突然而且是临时性的增加:a sudden, usually temporary increase in number or quantity
[例] The baby boom created a bulge in school enrollment. 生育高峰造成学校入学人数的暴涨。
【考法4】vi. 充满:to be copiously supplied
[例] This guidebook to San Francisco positively bulges with useful information. 这本关于旧金山的指南包含了很多有用信息。
[近] brim, bristle, overflow, swarm, teem
symbol: [bʌlʤ]
zhuji: 【记】读：爆炸－膨胀，鼓起，突起的状态
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position: (3, 8)

正面: bully
definition: 【考法1】n. 欺凌弱小者:a person who habitually treats others in an overbearing or intimidating manner
[例] They had to deal with the local bullies. 他们要对付当地恶霸。
[近] bullyboy, hector, intimidator
[反] underdog 被欺负的人
【考法2】adj. 最好的,最棒的:of the very best kind
[例] That's a bully idea for reviving the town's retail center. 真是个重整镇上零售中心的好主意。
[近] awesome, fabulous, fantastic, superb, marvelous, unsurpassed, excellent
symbol: ['bʊli]
zhuji: 【记】1）bul＝boele[情人]，在争夺情人的斗争中总是强的打败弱的，所以有”欺负”之意2）BULL芝加哥公牛队：以强欺弱的典型，不过已经成为历史了。
zhuji3000: 【记】 bull [公牛] + -y [n.&a.], 公牛强壮,霸气 → n. 欺凌弱小者 a. 最好的,最棒的
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position: (3, 8)

正面: bumptious
definition: 【考法】adj. 专横傲慢的,自以为是的:having a feeling of superiority that shows itself in an overbearing attitude
[例] a bumptious young man whose family wealth gave him a sense of entitlement 一个傲慢的富二代‖be bumptious over one's inferiors 对下级态度傲慢
[近] assumptive, supercilious, imperious, overweening, peremptory, pompous, presuming, presumptuous, self-assertive, haughty
[反] humble, modest, unarrogant, unpretentious 谦虚的,低调的
symbol: ['bʌmp∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】混合了bump（v 碰撞），presumptuous（adj 专横的）：喜欢顶撞的专横的人－傲慢的
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position: (3, 8)

正面: bungle
definition: 【考法】vt. 办糟,失败:to act or work clumsily and awkwardly
[例] bungle a job 搞砸了一项工作
[近] boggle, bumble, fumble, mess up, screw up
[反] bring off 成功
symbol: ['bʌŋgl]
zhuji: 【记】读：般沟。帮人搬家把东西般到沟里－拙劣的工作
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position: (3, 8)

正面: buoy
definition: 【考法】vt. 使充满勇气和力量,使振作:to fill with courage or strength of purpose
[例] The sudden improvement in his health buoyed him up. 身体的突然好转让他很振奋。
[近] embolden, hearten, inspire, bear up, buck up
[反] daunt, discourage, dishearten, dispirit 使沮丧,泼冷水
symbol: [bɔɪ]
zhuji: 【记】boy＋u（象大水坑）：男孩掉进大水坑－需要救生圈。
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position: (3, 8)

正面: buoyant
definition: 【考法1】adj. 有浮力的:capable of floating
[例] a buoyant balloon 一个能浮起来的气球
[反] leaden 沉重的
【考法2】adj. 心情好的:having or showing a good mood or disposition
[例] in a buoyant mood 轻松快乐的心情
[近] blithe, chipper, eupeptic, lightsome, upbeat, winsome, effervescent
[反] dour, gloomy, morose, saturnine, sullen 沮丧的
symbol: ['bu:jənt]
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position: (3, 8)

正面: burgeon
definition: 【考法】vi. 迅速成长扩大,蓬勃发展:to grow and expand rapidly; flourish
[例] My confidence began to burgeon. 我的信心开始迅速增强。
[近] accelerate, accumulate, balloon, boom, build up, escalate, mount, multiply, mushroom, proliferate, roll up, snowball, wax, flourish, prosper
[反] wane, wither, waste away, subside, subdue 衰退
symbol: ['bɜ:rʤən]
zhuji: 【记】1）源自burjon[枝芽]－成长。参：burg（n 城，镇）－成长的地方2）读：波震。地震波：快速成长
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position: (3, 8)

正面: burlesque
definition: 【考法】n./v. 夸张滑稽地模仿以嘲弄他人的文学艺术作品,恶搞:to copy or exaggerate(someone or something)in order to make fun of
[例] Burlesquing the teacher's nervous tic isn't very nice. 恶搞老师紧张的痉挛不是好的行为。
[近] caricature, imitate, mock, parody, spoof, travesty
symbol: [bɜ:r'lesk]
zhuji: 【记】1）burle＝burla[玩笑]－滑稽戏；参考：burly（adj 魁伟的）2）读：不来死磕－不是真打－假打就是演戏－滑稽戏剧
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position: (3, 8)

正面: burnish
definition: 【考法】v. 擦亮,磨光:to make smooth or glossy usually by repeatedly applying surface pressure
[例] burnish the knife 磨光刀
[近] buff, polish, furbish, grind, smoothen
symbol: ['bɜ:rnɪ∫]
zhuji: 【记】1）brun[闪耀的] －擦亮（金属）2）burn（v 烧）－把金属烧得发亮－磨光
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position: (3, 9)

正面: buttress
definition: 【考法1】n. 扶墙:a projecting structure for supporting or giving stability to a wall or building
[近] anchor, mainstay, pillar, reliance, standby
【考法2】vt. 为…提供支撑的证据或者信息:to provide evidence or information for(as a claim or idea)
[例] A mass of circumstantial evidence buttresses the prosecutor's case. 大量证据都支持起诉人的案件。
[近] back, bolster, corroborate, reinforce, substantiate, shore up
[反] contravene, challenge [反]对,质疑
symbol: ['bʌtrɪs]
zhuji: 【记】读：8trees。用8棵树来支撑一面墙－扶墙
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position: (3, 9)

正面: byzantine
definition: 【考法】adj. 错综复杂的:complicated or secretive, having many parts or aspects that are usually interrelated
[例] a bill to simplify the byzantine tax structure 一项试图简化繁琐税收制度的提案
[近] convoluted, intricate, involved, labyrinthine, sophisticated, tangled
[反] straightforward, plain, simple, uncomplicated 直截了当的,不复杂的
symbol: ['bɪzənti:n]
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position: (3, 9)

正面: cache
definition: 【考法1】n. 囤货,藏货:a supply stored up and often hidden away
[例] maintain a cache of food in case of emergencies 保存食物,以防万一
[近] stash, stockpile, store, deposit, hoard, reserve
【考法2】v. 隐藏:to put into a hiding place
[例] The fugitive slaves were cached in their cellar until they could make their way to Canada. 奴隶们被藏匿在房间的地下室直到他们能够顺利逃去加拿大。
[近] conceal, ensconce, secrete, squirrel away
[反] display, exhibit 展示
symbol: [kæ∫]
zhuji: 【记】读：cash现金－需要cachecache缓存，用来隐藏信息
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position: (3, 9)

正面: cachet
definition: 【考法】n. 威望,声望:a mark or quality, as of distinction, individuality, or authenticity
[例] Federal courts have a certain cachet which state courts lack. 联邦法院拥有州立法院所不具备的威信。
[近] credit, distinction, esteem, homage, kudos, prestige
[反] infamy, notoriety 不好的名声
symbol: [kæ'∫eɪ]
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position: (28, 7)

正面: cacophony
definition: 【考法】n. 刺耳的声音:loud, confused, and usually inharmonious sound
[例] the cacophony of a pet store full of animals 宠物商店里各种动物叽叽呱呱的声音
[近] blare, bluster, clamor, din, discordance, racket
[反] quiet, silence, still, stillness 安静
symbol: [kə'kɑ:fənɪ]
zhuji: 【记】caco读：卡壳，phony＝phone电话－卡壳电话－发出刺耳的声音
zhuji3000: 【根】 caco [bad] + phon [sound] + -y [n.], bad sound → n. 刺耳的声音
[注] caco可以联想成ca (o) c (a) o (吵吵),吵吵的声音 → 刺耳的声音
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position: (3, 9)

正面: cadge
definition: 【考法】v. 乞讨,乞求:beg, sponge
[例] cadge a free cup of coffee 讨到一杯免费的咖啡
[反] earn 赚钱
symbol: [kæʤ]
zhuji: 【记】cad无赖，ge拼：哥－无赖的哥哥是乞丐－乞讨
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position: (3, 9)

正面: cajole
definition: 【考法】v. 哄骗:to urge with gentle and repeated appeals, teasing, or flattery; wheedle
[例] He cajoled her into doing his laundry for him. 他哄骗她帮他洗衣服。
[近] blandish, blarney, palaver, wheedle, soft-soap, sweet-talk
symbol: [kə'ʤoʊl]
zhuji: 【记】caj＝cage笼子，jole＝jail监狱－把鸟、人诱入（笼子、监狱）－哄骗；
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position: (3, 9)

正面: calcify
definition: 【考法】vt. 使僵化:to make inflexible or unchangeable
[例] a leg that calcified 一条麻木僵直的腿
[近] harden, ossify
[反] make malleable, make pliant, make more flexible 使灵活
symbol: ['kælsɪfaɪ]
zhuji: 【记】calc石头，ify表动作－石化－钙化（使变为石质）
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position: (3, 9)

正面: calibrate
definition: 【考法】vt. 校准,调校:to check, adjust, or determine by comparison with a standard(the graduations of a quantitative measuring instrument)
[例] We need to calibrate the sextants navigation. 我们要为航行校准六分仪。
[近] adjust, align, gauge, graduate, measure
[派] calibration n. 校准
symbol: ['kælɪbreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ca开，lib＝lip，rate：把嘴唇打开测量口径。
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position: (28, 8)

正面: calligraphy
definition: 【考法】n.(优美的)书法:artistic, stylized, or elegant handwriting or lettering
[例] She specializes in scrollwork with beautiful calligraphy. 她很擅长花体字。
[近] longhand, manuscript, penmanship, script
symbol: [kə'lɪgrəfi]
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position: (3, 10)

正面: callous
definition: 【考法】adj. 无同情心的, 冷漠的:emotionally hardened; unfeeling
[例] a callous indifference to the suffering of others 对他人痛苦的漠不关心
[近] affectless, uncharitable, unsparing, remorseless, indurate, ruthless
[反] sympathetic, compassionate, merciful, tender, warmhearted 有同情心的
symbol: ['kæləs]
zhuji: 【记】读音酷似卡洛斯（巴西队左后卫，现役皇家马德里左后卫，有一只黄金左脚，任意球奇准无比）。有一次我与他踢球，我问他，为什么你的任意球踢得那么好，他二话没说，把鞋脱了，当时我只是看到了一层厚厚的（老茧）。他说这是每天练一千个任意球的结果，所以每当我罚球的时候，我都会（无情的）对准对方大门的死角。嘿嘿，希望大家在背单词的时候也能有这种精神，把嘴上、手上都磨出厚厚的老茧，你就会成为世界级的单词高手。
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position: (3, 10)

正面: callow
definition: 【考法】adj. 不老练的,不成熟的:lacking in adult experience or maturity
[例] callow young man 未经世事的年轻人
[近] green, immature, inexperienced, juvenile, unfledged, unripened, puerile
[反] adult, experienced, grown-up, mature, ripe 成熟的
symbol: ['kæloʊ]
zhuji: 【记】call说，low低－说话声音低－没力气－不成熟
zhuji3000: 【联】 cal (l) [叫] + low [低处], 在低处叫喊 (形容幼鸟羽翼未丰,无法飞得高) → a. 不老练的,不成熟的
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position: (3, 10)

正面: calumniate
definition: 【考法】v. 诽谤,造谣,中伤:to utter maliciously false statements, charges, or imputations about
[近] asperse, blacken, defame, libel, malign, smear, traduce, vilify
[反] vindicate 辩护
[派] calumnious adj. 造谣的
[反] flattering 谄媚的
[派] calumny n. 诽谤,中伤:a false statement maliciously made to injure another's reputation
[反] approbation 嘉许
symbol: [kə'lʌmnɪeɪt]
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position: (3, 10)

正面: camaraderie
definition: 【考法】n. 友情:a spirit of friendly good-fellowship
[例] There is great camaraderie among the teammates. 组员之间有着深厚的情谊。
[近] brotherhood, comradeship, fellowship
[反] enmity 敌意
symbol: [ˌkɑ:mə'rɑ:dəri]
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position: (3, 10)

正面: cameo
definition: 【考法1】n. 栩栩如生的描绘,简洁生动的描述或刻画:a brief, vivid portrayal or depiction
[例] a literary cameo 文学描写
【考法2】v. 客串:to make a brief but dramatic appearance, as in a film
[例] She cameoed as Anne Boleyn in A Man for All Seasons. 在《四季之人》中她客串安妮·博林。
symbol: ['kæmioʊ]
zhuji: 【记】came来，o读：哦－来哦，来哦，这儿有小浮雕
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position: (3, 10)

正面: camouflage
definition: 【考法】v./n. 伪装;伪装手段:behavior or artifice designed to deceive or hide
[例] The soldiers must wear protective jungle camouflage while on patrol. 士兵们在巡逻的时候必须穿上迷彩服来保护自身安全。
[近] costume, guise, cloak, dress up
[反] unmask 揭露
symbol: ['kæməflɑ:ʒ]
zhuji: 【记】camou＝camera（n 照相机）掩饰的象照片一样。
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position: (3, 10)

正面: canard
definition: 【考法】n. 谣传,误传:an unfounded or false, deliberately misleading story.
[例] It's a popular canard that the actress died under scandalous circumstances. 有一种广泛的说法声称,女演员死于绯闻的压力。
[近] story, whisper
symbol: [kə'nɑ:rd]
zhuji: 【记】读：加拿大。经常有关于加拿大留学，移民的谣传。"
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position: (3, 10)

正面: candor
definition: 【考法】n. 坦白,直率,诚挚:unreserved, honest, or sincere expression
[例] The members of the rock band speak with candor about their recent squabbling. 摇滚乐队成员对于他们最近的内讧直言不讳。
[近] bluntness, forthrightness, frankness, unreservedness, straightforwardness
[反] artifice, mendacity, dissembling, dissimulation, indirection 谎言,不直接
symbol: ['kændər]
zhuji: 【记】cand白的，纯洁的，or表状态－纯洁的状态－坦白
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position: (3, 10)

正面: canon
definition: 【考法1】n. 准则,标准:a basis for judgment; a standard or criterion
[例] the canons of polite society 文明社会的法规
[近] dogma
【考法2】n. 真经,正典:the authentic works of a writer
[反] apocrypha 伪经
[派] canonical adj. 正统的,标准的:conforming to a general rule or acceptable procedure: orthodox
[反] heterodox, nontraditional 非正统的
[派] canonize v. 作为神圣的来对待,使神圣化:to treat as sacred; glorify
[近] adore, adulate, idolize, deify, worship
[反] abase, degrade, demean, humiliate 贬低
录取院校:哈佛大学工程与应用科学)
symbol: ['kænən]
zhuji: 【记】canon日本佳能公司－生产真品的公司can，on：能上大雅之堂的是真作。
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position: (3, 10)

正面: canvass
definition: 【考法1】v. 仔细检查,详尽讨论:to examine carefully or discuss thoroughly; scrutinize
[例] The evidence had been repeatedly canvassed in American courts. 该项证据已在美国的法庭中反复被审查过。
【考法2】v. 游说,去(一个地区)的各处或找到(个人)来拉选票或订单:to go through(a region)or go to(persons)to solicit votes or orders
[例] canvass voters 拉选票
[近] interview, poll, solicit, survey
symbol: ['kænvəs]
zhuji: 【记】源自canvas（n 帆布），原来的民意调查结果是写在帆布上的。
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position: (4, 1)

正面: capitulate
definition: 【考法】v. 投降,默许:to give up all resistance; acquiesce; yield
[例] One side finally capitulated when it became clear that they couldn't win the argument. 意识到他们不能拿下这场辩论后,该方投降了。
[近] budge, concede, relent, submit, succumb, surrender, knuckle under
[反] resist, oppose 抵抗
symbol: [kə'pɪt∫uleɪt]
zhuji: 【记】cap头－低头－投降cap抓，it他，late晚－抓他已经晚了－因为他已经投降了。Capitulate需要capital（n 资金）\
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position: (4, 1)

正面: caprice
definition: 【考法1】n. 一时冲动的决定:an impulsive change of mind
[例] An out-of-character caprice led him to take the day off from work and go to the beach. 一时冲动让他决定休假一天,去海滩度假。
[近] crank, fancy, vagary, vagrancy, whimsy
【考法2】n. 反复无常,善变:an inclination to change one's mind impulsively
[例] His knack for picking racetrack winners appears to owe as much to caprice as it does to a canny assessment of horseflesh. 他赌马屡赌屡赢,似乎要归功于自己的反复无常而不是对于赛马本身独到精明的评估。
[近] freakishness, impulsiveness, whimsicalness
[反] confirmation 确认
[派] capricious adj. 反复无常的,善变的
[反] steadfast, resolute, constant, pertinacious 坚定不变的
symbol: [kə'pri:s]
zhuji: 【记】price（n 价格）－联想股票的价格－反复无常cap帽子，rice大米：有关系吗？没有！－突如其来的念头
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position: (4, 1)

正面: captivate
definition: 【考法】vt. 吸引:to attract and hold by charm, beauty, or excellence
[例] I was captivated by her brilliant mind. 我被她的才华横溢所吸引。
[近] allure, beguile, bewitch, enchant, fascinate, magnetize
[反] repulse 使[反]感
symbol: ['kæpɪveɪt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 capt [seize] + -iv (e) + -ate [v.], seize (attentions), 抓注意力 → vt. 吸引
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position: (4, 1)

正面: careworn
definition: 【考法】adj. 忧心忡忡的,焦虑的:showing the effect of grief or anxiety
[例] a careworn face 忧心忡忡的脸
[反] lighthearted 心情愉快的
symbol: ['kerwɔ:rn]
zhuji: 【记】care关心，worn是wear穿的过去分词－关心穿着－忧心忡忡的
zhuji3000: 【根】 care [关心] + worn [疲惫的], 关心得疲惫的 → a.忧心忡忡的,焦虑的
[反] carefree [a. 无忧无虑的]
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position: (4, 1)

正面: cardinal
definition: 【考法】adj. 主要的,非常重要的:of foremost importance; paramount
[例] the cardinal rule of medicine: do no harm 药物的首要标准就是无害
[近] dominant, overbearing, overriding, paramount, preeminent, primal, supreme
[反] minor 次要的
symbol: ['kɑ:rdinl]
zhuji: 【记】card心脏－是人体最重要的器官
zhuji3000: 【根】 card [cord, heart] + in + -al [a.], 像心脏一样的地位 → a. 主要的,非常重要的
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position: (4, 1)

正面: caricature
definition: 【考法1】n. 用讽刺歪曲等手法的夸张,漫画,讽刺画:exaggeration by means of often ludicrous distortion of parts or characteristics
[派] caricaturist n. 漫画家
【考法2】v. 嘲笑性模仿或夸张:to copy or exaggerate(someone or something)in order to make fun of
[例] caricature the supervisor's distinctive walk 模仿督导员独特的走路方式
[近] burlesque, imitate, mock, parody, spoof, travesty
symbol: ['kærɪkət∫ər]
zhuji: 【记】car汽车，I我，cat猫，我在汽车和猫之间－很滑稽－漫画
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position: (4, 1)

正面: carnal
definition: 【考法1】adj. 肉体的,物质的:relating to the physical
[例] seen with carnal eyes 用肉眼看‖carnal remains 遗体
[近] corporal, corporeal, fleshly, material, somatic
[反] spiritual 精神的
【考法2】adj. 世俗的:worldly
[例] a carnal mind 凡心
[近] earthborn, mundane, temporal, terrestrial, worldly
symbol: ['kɑ:rnl]
zhuji: 【记】carn肉（读：卡恩－德国守门员）
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position: (4, 1)

正面: carouse
definition: 【考法】vi. 畅饮,狂饮作乐:to drink liquor freely or excessively
[例] stay at home instead of going out and carousing with friends 呆在家里而不是出去和朋友们狂饮作乐
[近] binge, revel, roister, wassail
symbol: [kə'raʊz]
zhuji: 【记】car汽车，rouse觉醒，奋起－开着汽车狂欢，连汽车都兴奋了。Car，ouse＝house：有房有车－值得狂欢
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position: (4, 1)

正面: carp
definition: 【考法】vi. 对小事吹毛求疵,挑剔,表现不满:to make often peevish criticisms or objections about matters that are minor, unimportant, or irrelevant; to express dissatisfaction, pain, or resentment usually tiresomely
[例] carp about the order of names on the wedding invitations 对于婚礼请柬上的名单顺序吹毛求疵
[近] cavil, fuss, niggle, nitpick, gripe, grizzle, grouch, grouse, grumble, wail
symbol: [kɑ:rp]
zhuji: 【记】carp（n 鲤鱼）；鲤鱼刺多，所以要－挑刺car车，p屁。买车时给车屁股挑毛病－吹毛求疵
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position: (4, 1)

正面: carve
definition: 【考法1】v. 雕刻:to create a three-dimensional representation of(something)using solid material
[例] carve a statue out of rare marble 用纯的大理石雕刻一尊雕像
[近] sculpture
【考法2】v.(通过长期不懈努力)开创,开拓:to produce or bring about especially by long or repeated effort
[例] He finally carved out a niche for the sport in the school's athletic program. 他终于在学校运动计划中寻找到了自己的定位。‖carve out a way through the enemy 从敌营中杀出一条血路
[近] forge, grind out, thrash out, work out, work up
symbol: [kɑ:rv]
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position: (4, 2)

正面: cast
definition: 【考法1】n. 演员,演员阵容:a set of characters or persons
【考法2】vt. 选派(演员):to assign(as an actor)to a role or part
[近] He was cast in the leading role. 他被选为男一号。
【考法3】vt. 提出:to put forth, give off, to place as if by throwing
[例] cast doubt on their reliability 对它们的可靠性提出质疑
[近] discharge, emanate, irradiate, issue, shoot, throw out, give out
【考法4】v. 抛弃:to get rid of as useless or unwanted
[例] Once she became rich and didn't need them anymore, she cast off all her old friends like so much junk. 当她有钱了不再需要朋友了,她把老友像糟粕一样抛弃了。
[近] ditch, dump, jettison, toss
symbol: [kæst]
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position: (4, 2)

正面: castigate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 强烈(公开)指责:to criticize harshly and usually publicly
[例] The author castigated the prime minister as an ineffective leader. 该作者谴责首相行政无作为。
[近] berate, chastise, lambaste, reprimand, reproach, rebuke, vituperate, excoriate, rail(at or against)
[反] approbate, accolade, extol 认可,赞美
【考法2】vt. 惩罚:to inflict a penalty on for a fault or crime
[例] a judge who believes in castigating criminals to the full extent of the law 认为应该最大程度地惩罚罪犯的法官
[近] chasten, chastise, correct, discipline, penalize
[反] excuse, pardon, spare 宽恕
symbol: ['kæstɪgeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】cast扔，i我，gate门：向我的门扔石头一强烈谴责
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position: (4, 2)

正面: catalyze
definition: 【考法】vt. 成为…的导火索,导致:to be the cause of(a situation, action, or state of mind)
[例] A reinstitution of the draft would catalyze protests around the country. 草案的提出会激发全国范围的抗议。
[近] breed, beget, effectuate, engender, generate, prompt, spawn, yield, result in, bring(about)
[反] retard, prevent, inhibit 阻挠,抑制
[派] catalyst n. 催化剂:an agent that provokes or speeds significant change or action
[例] a catalyst for change of lifestyle 生活方式变化的催化剂
[反] inhibitor 抑制剂
symbol: ['kætəlaɪz]
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position: (4, 2)

正面: catastrophe
definition: 【考法1】n. 大灾难:the final event of the dramatic action especially of a tragedy
[近] apocalypse, calamity, cataclysm, debacle, tragedy
【考法2】n. 彻底的失败:utter failure: fiasco
[例] The party was a catastrophe. 该派对就是一个杯具。
[近] bummer, debacle, disaster, fiasco, fizzle, washout
[反] blockbuster, hit, smash, success, winner 大胜
symbol: [kə'tæstrəfi]
zhuji: 【记】cata向下，strophe翻转－天向下翻转－塌下来了－大灾难
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position: (4, 2)

正面: categorical
definition: 【考法】adj. 没有例外的,无条件限制的;绝对的:being without exception or qualification; absolute
[例] a categorical denial 完全的否认
[近] definite, downright, fair, utter, thorough, unalloyed, unconditional, unqualified
[反] conditional, qualified 有条件的
symbol: [ˌkætə'gɔ:rɪkl]
zhuji: 【记】category（n 类别，范畴）：对东西的分类是绝对的，无条件的－人就是人，李宏志就是李宏志，不能混为一谈。
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position: (4, 2)

正面: catholic
definition: 【考法】adj. 普遍的,包容的:not limited or specialized in application or purpose
[例] a catholic taste in music 对于音乐的兼容并包的品味
[近] unlimited, unqualified, unrestricted, unspecialized, all-around(also all-round)
[反] narrow, limited, restricted, specialized 狭隘的
symbol: ['kæθlɪk]
zhuji: 【记】原指天主教（Catholic，拼写一样，但第一个字母要大写），后来，天主教大有遍及世界之势头，引申为－普遍的，全人类的读：咳嗽立刻。说明传染病来了，一种普遍的病。
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position: (4, 2)

正面: caustic
definition: 【考法1】adj. 腐蚀性的:capable of destroying or eating away by chemical action: corrosive
[例] The chemical was so caustic that it ate through the pipes. 化学性质具有如此强的腐蚀性,把管道都腐蚀了。
[反] palliating 减缓的
【考法2】adj. 挖苦讽刺的,刻薄的:marked by incisive sarcasm
[例] caustic movie reviews 尖酸刻薄的影评
[近] acerbic, acrid, barbed, mordant, pungent, sardonic, satiric, scathing, sharp
[反] genial, smooth, kind, innocuous 和蔼的,(言论行为等)无害的
symbol: ['kɔ:stɪk]
zhuji: 【记】caus＝cause导致，tic读：啼哭－导致啼哭的－因为被腐蚀了，或者被刻薄的话刺伤了。Caus导致，tic尖：尖酸刻薄的
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position: (4, 2)

正面: caveat
definition: 【考法】n. 警告,告诫:a warning of a specific limitation of something such as information or an agreement
[例] a final caveat 最终的告诫
[近] warning, admonish
symbol: ['kæviæt]
zhuji: 【记】cave at：在你的手上cave一刀，看你再敢偷东西－警告
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position: (4, 2)

正面: cavil
definition: 【考法】v. 挑剔,吹毛求疵:to find fault unnecessarily; raise trivial objections: quibble
[例] Let us not cavil too much. 我们别太挑剔。‖cavil about the price of a cup of coffee 对一杯咖啡的价钱挑剔
[近] carp, fuss, niggle, nitpick, quibble
symbol: ['kævl]
zhuji: 【记】cav＝cave牙洞，il＝ill病了：给牙挑毛病－吹毛求疵civil（adj 全民的；市民的；有礼貌的）不会cavil
zhuji3000: 【联】 ca [carp, 挑] + vil [evil], 挑“evil” (而不去感受某件事物的“正能量”) → v. 挑剔,吹毛求疵
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position: (4, 2)

正面: cavort
definition: 【考法】vi. 欢快地蹦跳或行走,雀跃:to bound or prance about in a sprightly manner; caper
[例] Children are cavorting in the sand. 孩子们在沙子中嬉戏。
[近] caper, disport, frisk, gambol, rollick, romp
[反] trudge 蹒跚地走
symbol: [kə'vɔ:rt]
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position: (4, 3)

正面: cede
definition: 【考法】vt.(根据条约)放弃,割让:to surrender possession of, especially by treaty
[例] cede the island to America 把岛屿割让给了美国
[近] relinquish, render, yield, renounce, resign, turn in, turn over, step aside(from), give up, hand over, lay down
[反] possess 拥有
symbol: [si:d]
zhuji: 【记】读：死敌。死敌之间打仗，一方输了，赢得胜利的一方肯定要对方割让土地。
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position: (4, 3)

正面: cement
definition: 【考法】n./v. 粘合,粘合剂:a uniting or binding force or influence
[例] Justice is the cement that holds a political community together. 正义是让政治个体团结的粘合剂。
[近] cord, knot, link, tie
symbol: [sɪ'ment]
zhuji: 【记】sement读：死闷他：要想闷死他，可以把他的嘴和鼻子用水泥封起来。水泥过去被称为音译为水门汀
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position: (4, 3)

正面: censor
definition: 【考法】vt. 审查并删除不良的东西:to examine in order to suppress or delete anything considered objectionable
[例] censor the news 审查新闻
[近] bowdlerize, expurgate, red-pencil, clean up
[派] censorship n. 审查制度
symbol: ['sensər]
zhuji: 【记】原指：古罗马监察官负责人口调查、监察人民行为和社会风尚读：三色－三级和色情的简称－要审查一下读：三思－审查需要三思而后行
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position: (4, 3)

正面: censorious
definition: 【考法】adj. 挑剔指责的:highly critical
[例] censorious comment 尖刻的评论
[反] eulogistic 赞美的
symbol: [sen'sɔ:riəs]
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position: (4, 3)

正面: censure
definition: 【考法】v. 公开表示反对,谴责:to express public or formal disapproval of
[例] He was censured by the committee for his failure to report the problem. 他因为未上报事故受到了委员会的指责。
[近] condemn, denounce, objurgate, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, reprehend, pan
[反] commend, extol, laud, endorse 支持,赞同
symbol: ['sen∫ər]
zhuji: 【记】读：散射：吐沫象散射一样批评你－严厉责难读：三舌。一个人有三个舌头：说话就会象严厉责难
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position: (4, 3)

正面: census
definition: 【考法】n. 人口普查:an official survey of the population of a country that is carried out in order to find out how many people live there and to obtain details of such things as people's ages and jobs
[近] tale, tally
symbol: ['sensəs]
zhuji: 【记】census＝assess评估（人口）－人口普查
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position: (4, 3)

正面: cessation
definition: 【考法】n. 终止,暂停:the stopping of a process or activity
[例] The cessation of the storm was a relief. 暴风雪终于停了,真是让人欣慰。
[近] check, cutoff, closure, discontinuance, expiration, halt, shutdown, termination
[反] commencement, start, continuation 开始,继续
symbol: [se'seɪ∫n]
zhuji3000: 【根】 cess [停止] + -ation [n.], 永远或暂时停止 → n. 终止,暂停
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position: (4, 3)

正面: chaff
definition: 【考法】v. 开玩笑:to make jokes
[例] A coworker likes to chaff at others' expense, and this often results in hurt feelings. 同事喜欢开别人玩笑,往往会伤害他人感情。
[近] banter, jape, jest, quip
symbol: [t∫æf]
zhuji: 【记】chaf＝chafe摩擦，f肤：把谷物的皮肤摩擦掉就是－谷壳
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position: (4, 3)

正面: chagrin
definition: 【考法】n.(因为失败、出糗而导致的)不安,焦虑:disquietude or distress of mind caused by humiliation, disappointment, or failure
[例] Edgar's chagrin at having bungled the simple assignment was clear from his trembling lips and averted eyes. 从埃德加颤抖的嘴唇和躲闪的目光中可以看出他搞砸简单任务之后的不安。
[近] anxiety, concern, disquiet, inquietude, restiveness, solicitude, unease, unrest, worry
[反] aplomb, composure, countenance, equanimity, sangfroid 镇定自若,淡定
symbol: [∫ə'grɪn]
zhuji: 【记】cha拼：差，grin（v 露齿而笑）：笑的很差，因为懊恼。
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position: (4, 3)

正面: chameleon
definition: 【考法】n. 变色龙,善变的人:a person who dexterously and expediently changes or adopts opinions
[例] At the summer resort he acquired a reputation as a social chameleon—someone who could be whatever his hosts wanted him to be. 在度假胜地,他被称为“社交多面手”——可以变成主人想要的任何角色。
[近] chancer, opportunist, temporizer, timeserver, trimmer, weathercock
symbol: [kə'mi:liən]
zhuji: 【记】chame＝shame害羞，leon＝lion狮子：狮子害羞脸变红－变色龙leon（泰坦尼克号男主角）：他一会儿是绅士，一会儿是混混－变色龙
zhuji3000: 【联】 chame [联想chrom(e), 颜色] + leon [lion], 变颜色的lion [狮子, 泛指凶猛的动物] → n. 变色龙,善变的人
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position: (4, 4)

正面: champion
definition: 【考法】vt. 支持:to fight for, defend, or support as a champion
[例] champion the cause of civil rights 支持民权事业
[近] advocate, back, endorse, patronize, plump for
[反] disparage, impugn, oppose 贬低,[反]对
symbol: ['t∫æmpiən]
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position: (4, 4)

正面: chaos
definition: 【考法】n. 混乱:a condition or place of great disorder or confusion
[例] The boy's room is in such chaos that it looks as though a tornado had struck. 小男孩的房间如此混乱,看起来像台风来袭。
[近] disarrangement, dishevelment, disorder, disarray, havoc, mess, muddle, jumble, welter
[反] order 有秩序
[派] chaotic adj. 混乱的,无序的:happening in a state of complete disorder and confusion
[反] strictly structured 构造严谨的
symbol: ['keɪɑ:s]
zhuji: 【记】chao拼：吵，s死：吵死了－混乱
zhuji3000: 【联】 读音联想“吵死” → n. 混乱
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position: (4, 4)

正面: charade
definition: 【考法1】n. 装模作样:a display of emotion or behavior that is insincere or intended to deceive
[例] His concern was a charade. 他的关心只是装模作样。
[近] disguise, façade, playacting, pretense, put-on, semblance
【考法2】n. 动作字谜:a game in which words or phrases are represented in pantomime
symbol: [∫ə'reɪd]
zhuji: 【记】charade是夏利的商标－字谜游戏车
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position: (4, 4)

正面: charlatan
definition: 【考法】n. 骗子,装懂的人:a person who makes elaborate, fraudulent, and often voluble claims to skill or knowledge; a quack or fraud
[例] The famed broker turned out to be a charlatan. 一位有声望的经纪人结果是个骗子。
[近] fake, fraud, hoaxer, mountebank, phony, pretender, quack, imposter
symbol: ['∫ɑ:rlətən]
zhuji: 【记】读：杀了他。这种人杀了是轻的，应该用油锅炸。
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position: (4, 4)

正面: chary
definition: 【考法】adj. 非常谨慎的:very cautious
[例] chary investors who weren't burned by the dot-com bust 那些没有受到互联网萧条影响的谨慎投资者们
[近] alert, cautious, circumspect, conservative, gingerly, guarded, heedful, wary
[反] rash, bold 鲁莽的
symbol: ['t∫eri]
zhuji: 【记】char茶，y外：给外国人喝茶一定要小心谨慎，用点儿好茶叶，端稳点儿，别给咱中国人丢脸。读：查－需要小心谨慎的
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position: (4, 4)

正面: chase
definition: 【考法1】v. 镂雕(金属)以装饰:to decorate(metal)by engraving or embossing
【考法2】v. 驱赶:to drive or force out
[例] chase the cat out of the garden 把猫赶出园子
[近] banish, dismiss, expel, extrude, kick out, cast out
symbol: [t∫eɪs]
zhuji: 【记】读：沉思。雕镂之前要沉思一下，用什么图案。
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position: (4, 4)

正面: chasm
definition: 【考法】n. 分歧,(意见、利益或忠诚上的)明显差异:a pronounced difference of opinion, interests, or loyalty
[近] contradiction, dissent, disjunction, discord, conflict, rift, rivalry, dichotomy
symbol: ['kæzəm]
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position: (4, 4)

正面: chauvinistic
definition: 【考法】adj. 盲目爱国的:having or showing excessive favoritism towards one's own country
[例] At times I have also been aggressive, chauvinistic and hot-tempered. 我曾经非常好斗,热烈爱国,还脾气暴躁。
[近] jingoist, jingoistic, nationalistic, superpatriotic
symbol: [ˌ∫əʊvɪ'nɪstɪk]
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position: (4, 4)

正面: check
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使突然停止,阻止:to arrest the motion abruptly
[例] A tree finally checked the skidding car. 一辆滑行的车终于被大树停住了。
[近] arrest, stall, bridle, contain, curb, tame, bring up, draw up, hold up, pull up
[反] propagate, goad, hasten 扩增,驱使,促进
【考法2】v. 同意,一致:to be in agreement on every point
[例] Their story of what happened checks with the report of the eyewitness. 他们的说法和目击者的供词一致。
[近] accord, cohere, conform, correspond, dovetail, fit, harmonize, jibe, tally
[反] differ, disagree with [反]对
symbol: [t∫ek]
zhuji: 【记】check原是检查的意思，后来有这么一帮人喜欢突然阻止你，检查你的暂住证，所以就有了突然阻止的意思。
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position: (4, 4)

正面: cherubic
definition: 【考法】adj. 天使般可爱的:innocent-looking usually chubby and rosy
[例] A representation of Cupid as a naked, cherubic boy usually is used as a symbol of love. 丘比特作为小天使般的少年裸体画像被用作爱的象征。
[反] fiendish, devilish 恶魔般的
symbol: [t∫ə'ru:bik]
zhuji: 【记】che车，rub＝rubber橡皮：胖娃娃都喜欢玩橡皮车，因为不会伤害皮肤。
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position: (4, 5)

正面: chicanery
definition: 【考法】n. 诡计多端,欺骗:deception by artful subterfuge or sophistry
[例] Well-doer never does chicanery and person who is good at chicanery does not belong well-doer. 善者不辩,辩者不善。‖He wasn't above using chicanery to win votes. 他不是用欺骗来赢得选票的。
[近] deception, artifice, legerdemain, wile, subterfuge
[反] aboveboard action 光明正大的行为;honest dealing诚实的行为;forthrightness坦白
symbol: [∫ɪ'keɪnəri]
zhuji: 【记】chi拼：吃，canery＝canary金丝雀－吃金丝雀－一种魔术－欺骗chick没有chicanery
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position: (4, 5)

正面: chide
definition: 【考法】v. 责备:to scold mildly so as to correct or improve
[例] My wife chided me for forgetting to offer our guests some refreshments. 我妻子责备我忘记给客人们上点心。
[近] reprove, reprimand, reproach, tick off
[反] praise, commend 称赞
symbol: [t∫aɪd]
zhuji: 【记】chide＝child小孩：需要温柔的责备，不然该吓坏了。
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position: (4, 5)

正面: choleric
definition: 【考法1】adj. 易怒的,暴躁的:easily angered; bad-tempered
[例] choleric disposition 易怒的性情‖Men of the choleric type take to kicking and smashing. 易怒的人喜欢踢和打碎东西。
[近] crabby, cranky, irascible, peevish, petulant, bad-tempered, hot-tempered, short-tempered, testy
[反] difficult to provoke, pacific, placid, calm, serene, tranquil, composed, nonchalant 难以被激怒的,平静的
[派] choler n. 易怒:ready disposition to irritation: irascibility also: anger
【考法2】adj. 生气的:feeling or showing anger: angry, irate
[例] I absolutely get choleric when a salesman calls during the dinner hour. 当一个推销员午休时间打来电话的时候,我彻底愤怒了。
[近] angered, apoplectic, ballistic, enraged, furious, incensed, inflamed, enflamed, infuriated, irate, ireful, outraged, rankled, riled, wrathful
[反] angerless, delighted, pleased 不生气的;高兴的
symbol: ['kɑ:lərɪk]
zhuji: 【记】choler胆汁－在古代被认为是发怒液－易怒的cho臭，le了－东西臭了－发怒
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position: (4, 5)

正面: chord
definition: 【考法】vi. 与…和谐一致;符合:to be in accord; agree
[例] The revised system chords perfectly with the original goals. 新版的系统非常符合最初的目标。
[近] accord, agree, conform, consist, correspond, dovetail, fit, harmonize, jibe, rhyme, square, tally
[反] differ from, disagree with 与……不同,有分歧
symbol: [kɔ:rd]
zhuji3000: 【根】 来自词根cord, ch和c发音相同 → vi. 与…和谐一致,符合
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position: (4, 5)

正面: chromatic
definition: 【考法】adj. 彩色的:relating to colors or color
[例] the chromatic paintings of Matisse and the other Fauvists 马蒂斯和其他野兽派画家的彩色画
[近] colored, colorful, motley, multicolored, multihued, varicolored, variegated, kaleidoscopic
[反] colorless, pallid, blanched 无色的;monochromatic, monochromic, monotone, self-colored 单色的
symbol: [krə'mætɪk]
zhuji3000: 【根】 chrom [color] + -atic [a.], of color → a. 彩色的
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position: (4, 5)

正面: chronic
definition: 【考法1】adj. 经常发生的,复发的:marked by long duration or frequent recurrence
[例] chronic disease 慢性病
[近] frequent, usual, routine
[反] sporadic 偶然发生的;infrequent 不经常的
【考法2】adj. 习惯性的,不可能改变的:being such by habit and not likely to change
[例] a chronic smoker who has quit many times 一个戒了很多次烟的老烟民
[近] inveterate
symbol: ['krɑ:nɪk]
zhuji3000: 【根】 chron [time] + -ic [a.], (lasting long) time → a. 经常发生的,复发的;习惯性的,不可能改变的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (4, 5)

正面: churl
definition: 【考法1】n. 粗野的人:a rude, boorish person
[例] By the 19th century,“churl”had a new and pejorative meaning,“one inclined to uncivil or loutish behavior”. 19世纪的时候,churl有了一个新的带有贬义的意思,即“一个粗鲁没有教养的人”。
[近] boor, lout
[派] churlish adj. 粗野的,暴躁的:of, like, or befitting a churl; boorish or vulgar
[近] crude, coarse, boorish, loutish, uncultured, unpolished
[反] genteel, complaisant, courtly, polished 文雅的,彬彬有礼的;sophisticated 机智圆滑的
【考法2】n. 吝啬鬼:a mean grasping person who is usually stingy with money
[例] Don't bother asking a churl for donations. 别自找麻烦向一个吝啬鬼要捐款。
[近] miser, niggard, skinflint, penny-pincher
[反] generous/liberal/munificent person 慷慨的人;waster, wastrel, spendthrift, prodigal, profligate, dissipater 败家子
symbol: [t∫ɜ:rl]
zhuji: 【记】church（n 教堂）：A churl does not fit in a church
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (4, 5)

正面: cipher
definition: 【考法1】n. 无影响或无价值的人:a person of no importance or influence
[例] The intern is a mere cipher in the company. 这个实习生在公司里是个无足轻重的小人物。
[近] dwarf, half-pint, insect, insignificancy, lightweight, morsel, nonentity, nothing, nullity, snippersnapper, whippersnapper, zero
[反] big shot, big wheel, bigwig, eminence, figure, personage 要人,名人
【考法2】v. 计算(价值):to determine(a value)by doing the necessary mathematical operations
[例] We were surprised by how much we had spent on the cruise after we had ciphered out the grand total. 当我们算出我们沉船游览的总花费时,我们都惊呆了。
[近] compute, work out
【考法3】n. 密码:a method of transforming a text in order to conceal its meaning
[例] convert their messages into cipher 把他们的信息转换成密码
[近] code, secret message
symbol: ['saɪfər]
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position: (4, 5)

正面: circuitous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 迂回的,不直接的:not being forthright or direct in language or action
[例] We took a circuitous route to the airport so as to avoid the massive traffic jam. 我们走了一条迂回的路线去机场来躲避堵车。
[近] indirect, circular, roundabout
[反] direct, straight, straightforward 直接的
[派] circuity n. 不直接:lack of straightforwardness
[反] straightforwardness, direction 直接
【考法2】adj. 冗长的:using or containing more words than necessary to express an idea
[例] a circuitous explanation for what seems like a fairly basic concept 对一个非常基本的概念的冗长解释
[近] circumlocutory, diffuse, long-winded, prolix, rambling, verbose, windy
[反] compact, concise, pithy, succinct, terse 简洁的
symbol: [sər'kju:ɪtəs]
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position: (4, 5)

正面: circumlocution
definition: 【考法1】n. 绕圈子的说话:the use of unnecessarily wordy and indirect language, evasion in speech
[例] The other son of your parents' is a circumlocution for your brother. 你父母的“另一个儿子”是你“兄弟”的绕圈子的说法。
[近] equivocation, shuffle, tergiversation
[反] pithy utterance, straightforward utterance, succinct expression 简洁的表达;direct encounter 直接面对
[派] circumlocutory adj. 绕圈子的
[反] direct 直接的
【考法2】n. 冗长:the use of too many words to express an idea
[例] Your papers have to be five pages long, but that's five pages of substance, not circumlocution. 你的论文要求是5页,但是那5页都是实质内容,不是废话。
[近] diffuseness, diffusion, long-windedness, prolixity, redundancy, verbalism, verboseness, verbosity, windiness, wordage, wordiness
[反] conciseness, concision, pithiness, succinctness, terseness 简洁
symbol: [ˌsɜ:rkəmlə'kju:∫n]
zhuji: 【记】circum圈，locu＝loqu说：绕圈说－迂回累赘的陈述
zhuji3000: 【根】 circum- [around] + locu [speak] + -tion [n.], speak in circle → n. 绕圈子的说话;引申出n. 冗长
[注] circum-来自circle, 字面义 [in] circle, 即around
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position: (4, 6)

正面: circumscribe
definition: 【考法1】vt. 限制:to limit narrowly; restrict
[例] Teammates circumscribed his enthusiasm so as not to make the losing side feel worse. 队员们抑制了他们的热情,为了不让失败者更难过。
[近] cap, limit, confine, delimit, restrict
[反] exceed 超过,超越
【考法2】vt. 包围,围绕:to surround by or as if by a boundary
[例] fields circumscribed by tall trees 被高树包围的地方‖Circumscribe a circle around a square. 画正方形的外接圆。
[近] surround, encompass
symbol: ['sɜ:rkəmskraɪb]
zhuji: 【记】circum圈，scribe画－画一个圈－限制（想想唐僧被孙悟空划一个圈，限制他的自由）
zhuji3000: 【根】 circum- [around] + scrib [write] + -e [v.], draw [=write] (line, limitation) around → vt. 限制;包围,围绕
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (4, 6)

正面: circumspect
definition: 【考法】adj. 谨慎的,小心的:careful to consider all circumstances and possible consequences: prudent
[例] The banks should have been more circumspect in their dealings. 银行本应该在它们的交易当中更加谨慎。
[近] alert, careful, gingerly, guarded, heedful, prudent, cautious, chary, wary
[反] careless, incautious, unmindful, unwary 不小心的,不谨慎的;audacious, reckless 大胆的,鲁莽的
symbol: ['sɜ:rkəmspekt]
zhuji: 【记】circum圆，spect看：向周围看－左顾右盼的感觉－审慎的
zhuji3000: 【根】 circum- [around] + spect [look], look around, 四面环顾 → a. 谨慎的,小心的
despicable[dɪ'spɪkəbl]
【根】 de- [down] + spic [spect, look] + -able [a., able],able to look down → a. 令人鄙视的;不荣耀的,不得体的
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position: (4, 6)

正面: circumvent
definition: 【考法】vt. 躲避,不遵从:to avoid having to comply with(something)especially through cleverness
[例] circumvent all the red tape 绕过所有官方程序繁文缛节‖He found a way to circumvent the law. 他发现了一个逃避法律的方法。
[近] avoid, bypass, dodge, sidestep, skirt, get around
[反] comply with, follow, obey, observe 遵从;confront, directly encounter 直接面对
symbol: [ˌsɜ:rkəm'vent]
zhuji: 【记】circum绕圈，vent去，来－来回绕圈－用计谋回避
zhuji3000: 【根】 circum- [around] + vent [come], come around, 绕圈子 (以避免) → vt. 躲避,不遵从
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position: (4, 6)

正面: civility
definition: 【考法】n. 彬彬有礼:courteous behavior; politeness
[例] They greeted us with civility. 他们有礼貌地招呼我们。
[近] politeness, courtesy, politeness, genteelness, gentility, graciousness
[反] discourteousness, discourtesy, impoliteness, incivility, rudeness, surliness, ungraciousness 无礼,粗鲁
symbol: [sə'vɪləti]
zhuji: 【记】civil城市：城市里的人就是彬彬有礼、待人客气。
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position: (4, 6)

正面: claim
definition: 【考法1】n./v. 要求(权利):to ask for especially as a right
[例] a fragile claim to fame 对名誉不切实际的要求‖After many years had passed, he suddenly appeared to claim his inheritance. 很多年已经过去,他突然出现并要求继承遗产。
[近] call for, command, quest
[反] renounce 放弃
【考法2】vt. 断言:to state as a fact usually forcefully
[例] People claim that they have been kidnapped by aliens. 人们断言,他们被外星人绑架了。
[近] allege, assert
[反] deny, gainsay 否认
【考法3】vt. 剥夺生命:to deprive of life
[例] Cancer claims hundreds of thousands of Americans each year. 癌症每年要剥夺成千上万美国人的生命。
[反] animate 使有生命
【考法4】n. 权利:a legal right to participation in the advantages, profits, and responsibility of something
[例] A shareholder has a claim in the business. 股东在企业中有权利(收益权、选举权等)。
symbol: [kleɪm]
zhuji3000: 【记】 字面义是“叫” (即大声地说),引申出两层含义:“vt. 断言”和“索要”;索要 (权利) → n./v. 要求 (权利); 索要 (生命) → vt. 剥夺生命;(能够) 索要 → n. 权利
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position: (4, 6)

正面: clandestine
definition: 【考法】adj. 隐藏的,秘密的:kept or done in secret, often in order to conceal an illicit or improper purpose
[例] their clandestine love affair 他们的秘密恋情
[近] secret, covert, furtive, surreptitious, sneaky, stealthy, undercover, underground, underhand, underhanded
[反] open, overt, public 公开的;aboveboard 光明正大的
symbol: [klæn'destɪn]
zhuji: 【记】clan（n 部落；党派），destine（v 命中注定）：都有一些秘密色彩
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position: (4, 6)

正面: clarion
definition: 【考法】adj. 清楚响亮的:loud and clear
[例] clarion call for democracy 对民主的高声呼吁‖The internationale is a clarion call to the labouring people of the world. 《国际歌》是唤起全世界劳动人民的响亮号角。
[反] soft and indistinct 柔和模糊的
symbol: ['klæriən]
zhuji: 【记】clar＝clear清晰，ion＝lion狮子：狮子发出的清晰声音－大声且清晰的
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position: (4, 6)

正面: clarity
definition: 【考法1】n. 清晰,清楚:the quality or state of being clear: lucidity
[例] Clarity of diction is vital for a XDF teacher. 发音清楚对新东方老师来说是至关重要的。
[近] clarity, explicitness, lucidity, lucidness, perspicuity, perspicuousness
[反] obscureness, obscurity, unclarity 模糊,不清晰
[派] clarify v. 澄清,使清晰:to free of confusion
[例] clarify his mind 理清思路;clarify a subject 澄清某一问题
[近] purify, clear, elucidate, explain, illuminate, illustrate
[反] obfuscate, obscure 使模糊
【考法2】n. 清澈透明:the state or quality of being easily seen through
[例] mountain streams with water of incredible clarity 难以置信的清澈透明的山涧
[近] clearness, limpidity, limpidness, translucence, translucency, transparency
[反] cloudiness, opacity, opaqueness, turbidity, turbidness 浑浊,不透明
symbol: ['klærəti]
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position: (4, 6)

正面: clasp
definition: 【考法】n./v. 紧握:the act or manner of holding
[例] Be careful that your clasp on the cat isn't too tight, or she could get hurt. 注意别抓那只猫太紧,否则她会受伤的。
[近] clench, grapple, grasp, grip, handgrip, handhold
symbol: [klæsp]
zhuji: 【记】源于clap（拍手，拍）：扣子就是把两片布拍在一起。
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position: (4, 6)

正面: clement
definition: 【考法1】adj. 宽容的,善良的:tolerant and kind in the judgment of and expectations for others
[例] Clement judge reduced the sentence. 仁慈的法官减轻了刑罚。
[近] charitable, lenient, merciful
[反] harsh, severe, stern, strict 严厉的,严格的
[派] clemency n. 仁慈
【考法2】adj. 气候温和的:marked by temperatures that are neither too high nor too low
[例] Hawaii is known for its delightfully clement climate. 夏威夷以它宜人的温和气候著称。
[近] mild, genial, gentle, balmy, equable
[反] harsh, inclement, severe 严酷的
symbol: ['klemənt]
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position: (4, 7)

正面: cliché
definition: 【考法】n./adj. 陈词滥调(的):a hackneyed theme, characterization, or situation
[例] Cliché is a feature of bad news. 拙劣新闻的特征是使用陈词滥调。
[近] banality, bromide, platitude; trite, bathetic, hackneyed, stereotypical
[反] fresh, new, original, creative 新的,创造性的
symbol: [kli:'∫eɪ]
zhuji: 【记】cli读：可怜，che车：可怜的车，因为已经过时了－陈词滥调
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position: (4, 7)

正面: clog
definition: 【考法1】n. 阻碍物:something that makes movement or progress difficult
[例] impede with a clog 用障碍物阻止
[近] balk, bar, block, deterrent, drag, fetter, holdback, hurdle, impediment, inhibition, interference, obstacle, obstruction, shackles, stop, stumbling block, trammel
【考法2】v. 阻碍:to create difficulty for the work or activity of
[例] They always clog the courts. 他们一直阻挠法庭工作。
[近] encumber, fetter, hinder, hold back, hold up, impede, inhibit, interfere with, obstruct, shackle, stymie, tie up, trammel
[反] aid, assist, help 帮助;facilitate 促进
【考法3】v. 堵塞:to prevent passage through by filling with something
[例] Within a few years the pipe began to clog up. 没有几年,管子就开始堵塞了。
[近] block, choke, clot, gum up, jam, obstruct, occlude, stop up, stuff
[反] clear, free, open up, unblock, unclog, unstop 清除,排除障碍
symbol: [klɑ:g]
zhuji: 【记】log（n 大原木）放在路中间阻碍通过。
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position: (4, 7)

正面: clot
definition: 【考法1】n. 密集的一群:a number of things considered as a unit
[例] A clot of daisies occupied one corner of the flower bed. 一簇雏菊占据了花床的一角。
[近] array, assemblage, band, block, bunch, cluster, clutch, collection, constellation, grouping, huddle, knot, lot, muster, package
【考法2】v. 堵塞:to prevent passage through by filling with something
[近] block, choke, clog, gum up, jam, obstruct, occlude, stop up, stuff
[反] clear, free, open up, unblock, unclog, unstop清除,排除障碍
【考法3】v. 凝结:to turn from a liquid into a substance resembling jelly
[例] Scabs form over cuts when your blood starts to clot. 当血液开始凝结的时候,伤口处会形成血痂。
[近] congeal, jell, jelly
symbol: [klɑ:t]
zhuji: 【记】c读：咳，lot一大块，咳嗽出一大块血－凝块
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position: (4, 7)

正面: cloudburst
definition: 【考法】n. 突然一场暴雨:a sudden copious rainfall
[例] The weatherman warned of possible cloudbursts in the afternoon. 天气预报员警告下午可能有暴雨。
[近] downfall, downpour
symbol: ['klaʊdbɜ:rst]
zhuji: 【记】cloud（n 云），burst（v 突然爆裂）：雨突然下来
zhuji3000: 【根】 cloud [云] + burst [爆炸] → n. 突然的一场暴雨
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position: (4, 7)

正面: clout
definition: 【考法】n. 权力,影响力:influence; pull
[例] The queen may have privilege but she has no real political clout. 女王有特权,但无真正的政治影响力。
[近] power, influence, capacity, heft, leverage
[反] impuissance, impotence 无力
symbol: [klaʊt]
zhuji: 【记】clo＝close关门，out出：一脚把你踢出去，在把门关上，说明我很牛，有权威。
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position: (4, 7)

正面: cloying
definition: 【考法】adj. 甜得发腻的;感情用事的:excessively sweet; sentimental
[例] the cloying sentiments of so many Mother's Day cards 这么多母亲节贺卡(所蕴含)的甜蜜感情
[近] lovey-dovey, maudlin, mawkish, saccharine, sentimental
[反] unsentimental 不动感情的
symbol: ['klɔɪɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】源于cloy（v 因过食油腻的甜的东西而发腻）读：可乐。可乐喝多了，肯定会甜的发腻
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position: (4, 7)

正面: clumsy
definition: 【考法1】adj. 笨拙的:lacking or showing a lack of nimbleness in using one's hands; a lack of skill and tact
[例] turn out to be a clumsy sleight of hand 弄巧成拙
[近] awkward, ham-handed, heavy-handed, maladroit, unhandy, bungling, inept
[反] adroit, deft, dexterous, handy 熟练的,灵巧的
【考法2】adj. 不文雅的:lacking social grace and assurance; showing an inability to move in a graceful manner
[例] be clumsy on the dance floor 在舞池里表现不优雅的
[近] awkward, graceless, ungainly, gauche, inelegant, rustic, ungraceful
[反] graceful, urbane, refined 优雅的
【考法3】adj. 不精致的:hastily or roughly constructed
[例] a clumsy mock-up of the real thing 一个粗糙的实物模型
[近] rough, unrefined
[反] refined 精致的
symbol: ['klʌmzi]
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position: (4, 7)

正面: coagulate
definition: 【考法】v.(使)凝结,(使)变稠:to(cause to)become viscous or thickened into a coherent mass: curdle, clot
[例] The blood coagulates to stop wounds bleeding. 血液会凝结以防止伤口流血。
[近] clot, congeal, jelly
[反] melt, liquefy, fluidify, dissolve 融化,溶解;thin 使变稀薄
[派] coagulant n. 凝结剂:an agent that causes a liquid to coagulate
symbol: [koʊ'ægjuleɪt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 co- [together] + ag [drive] + ul + -ate [v.], drive...together, (使) …到一起 → v. (使) 凝结,(使) 变稠
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position: (4, 7)

正面: coalesce
definition: 【考法】v. 合并,融合:to unite into a whole: fuse
[例] Different units coalesced into one army. 不同的党派融合成了一支部队。
[近] associate, combine, conjoin, connect, couple, fuse, interfuse, join, link(up), unify, unite
[反] break up, dissever, section, separate, sever, split, sunder, unlink, disband 分开,解散
symbol: [ˌkoʊə'les]
zhuji: 【记】co共同，al＝ally联盟－共同联盟－结合coal（n 煤）：由非结晶碳、有机化合物和无机化合物组成－结合
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position: (4, 7)

正面: coax
definition: 【考法】v. 哄骗:to persuade or try to persuade by pleading or flattery; cajole
[例] coax a child to take his medicine 哄小孩吃药
[近] blandish, cajole, wheedle, palaver
symbol: [koʊks]
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position: (4, 8)

正面: coda
definition: 【考法】n. 终曲:the concluding passage of a movement or composition
[例] A song includes prelude, loud song and coda. 一首歌包括前奏、高潮和尾声。
[近] finale, epilogue
[反] overture, prelude 前奏
symbol: ['koʊdə]
zhuji: 【记】co共同，da打：音乐演的不好，观众就会共同往上扔鸡蛋，所以知趣的乐队就会赶快进入尾声部分。听到了coda，大家都coma昏迷了
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position: (4, 8)

正面: coerce
definition: 【考法】vt.(以武力)强制:to achieve by force or threat
[例] be coerced into agreeing 被迫同意‖A confession was coerced from the suspect by police. 嫌犯被警察逼供。
[近] force, threaten, compel
[派] coercion n. 强力压迫:the act of persuading someone forcefully to do something that they do not want to do
[反] voluntary behavior 自愿的行为
symbol: [koʊ'ɜ:rs]
zhuji: 【记】co共同，erce读：饿死：想让我们共同饿死？？？除非使用暴力。
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position: (4, 8)

正面: coeval
definition: 【考法】adj. 同时代的,同龄的:of the same or equal age, antiquity, or duration
[例] Two stars thought to be coeval because they have nearly the same mass and brightness. 两个星星被认为是同龄,因为他们的质量和亮度几乎相同。
[近] coetaneous, coexisting, concurrent, contemporaneous, simultaneous, synchronic, synchronous
[反] asynchronous, noncontemporary, nonsimultaneous 不同时的
symbol: [koʊ'i:vl]
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position: (4, 8)

正面: cogent
definition: 【考法1】adj. 令人信服的:appealing forcibly to the mind or reason: convincing
[例] Six Sigma is one of the most cogent methods for modern enterprises to control quality and optimizing process.“六西格玛”方法是现代企业进行质量控制和工艺优化最令人信服的方法之一。
[近] convincing, compelling, conclusive, telling, persuasive, satisfying
[反] unconvincing, unpersuasive 不令人信服的
【考法2】adj. 相关的:pertinent, relevant
[例] a cogent analysis 一项相关的研究
[近] apropos, germane, relative, relevant
[反] extraneous, irrelevant, impertinent, irrelative 无关的
symbol: ['koʊʤənt]
zhuji: 【记】co共同，gent读：震他－说的话能震住他－有说服力的
zhuji3000: 【根】 co- [together] + (a) g [drive] + -ent [a.], drive together → a. 令人信服的;相关的
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position: (4, 8)

正面: cognizant
definition: 【考法】adj. 知道的,意识到的:fully informed; conscious; aware
[例] We are cognizant of the problem. 我们已经意识到了这个问题。
[近] aware, conscious, witting, apprehensive, sensible
[反] oblivious, unconscious, unaware, unmindful 没意识到的
[派] incognizance n. 不认识;没知觉
symbol: ['kɑ:gnɪzənt]
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position: (4, 8)

正面: collapse
definition: 【考法1】vi./n. 突然倒塌或收缩:to fall or shrink together abruptly and completely
[例] President Bush is vowing to rebuild the bridge which collapsed last year. 布什总统发誓要重建这座去年坍塌的桥梁。‖One ant-hole may cause the collapse of a thousand-li dyke. 千里之堤,毁于蚁穴。
[近] compact, condense, constrict, constringe, contract, implode, squeeze
[反] decompress, expand, open, outspread, outstretch 展开,扩张
【考法2】n. 完全耗尽体力:a complete depletion of energy or strength
[例] He suffered a mental collapse under the strain of studying for his bar exam. 他在紧张的律师考试的复习下脑力消耗殆尽。
[近] exhaustion, tiredness, lassitude, weariness
[反] refreshment, rejuvenation, revitalization 重新充满活力
【考法3】v./n. 失败:to be unsuccessful; a falling short of one's goals
[例] The legal case collapsed in the face of the opposition's evidence. 面对反方的证据,这个法律案件败诉了。
[近] defeat, nonachievement, nonsuccess
[反] accomplishment, achievement, success 成功,成就
symbol: [kə'læps]
zhuji: 【记】col共同，lapse滑－共同滑倒－倒塌
zhuji3000: 【根】 col- [com-, 加强语气] + laps [fall] + -e [v.], fall (completely) → (建筑物) vi./n. 突然倒塌或收缩;(人) n. 完全耗尽体力;(事情) v./n. 失败
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position: (4, 8)

正面: collude
definition: 【考法】v. 串通,共谋(做坏事):to act together secretly to achieve a fraudulent, illegal, or deceitful purpose; conspire
[例] collude with competitors to control the price 与竞争者合谋以控制价格
[近] connive, conspire, contrive, intrigue, machinate, put up
[反] act independently 单独行动
symbol: [kə'lju:d]
zhuji: 【记】col共同，lude玩弄－共同玩弄－串通
zhuji3000: 【根】 col- [com-, together] + lud [play] + -e [v.], play (tricks) together → v. 串通,共谋 (做坏事)
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position: (4, 8)

正面: colossal
definition: 【考法】adj. 巨大的:of a size, extent, or degree that elicits awe or taxes belief; immense
[例] a colossal waste of public money 对公共财产的巨大浪费
[近] huge, giant, titanic, gargantuan, mammoth, tremendous, elephantine, prodigious
[反] tiny, micro, minute, miniature, minuscule, wee, infinitesimal 微小的
symbol: [kə'lɑ:sl]
zhuji: 【记】co共同，los＝lose丢，所有人都丢钱，那么数量一定是巨大的。
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position: (4, 8)

正面: coltish
definition: 【考法1】adj. 不守纪律的:not subjected to discipline
[反] disciplined 遵守纪律的
【考法2】adj. 爱开玩笑的:given to good-natured joking or teasing
[例] Off camera the actor is high-spiritedly coltish, but turns serious once the camera starts rolling. 镜头下这个演员很喜欢开玩笑,但是当镜头开启,他就马上变得严肃起来。
[近] antic, frisky, frolicsome, larky, sportful
[反] earnest, serious-minded, sober 严肃的
symbol: ['koʊltɪ∫]
zhuji3000: 【记】 colt [小马] + -ish [a.] → a. 不守纪律的;爱开玩笑的
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position: (4, 8)

正面: coma
definition: 【考法1】n. 昏迷,深度无知觉:a state of profound unconsciousness caused by disease, injury, or poison
[例] The girl lay in a coma for three days after the accident. 那个女孩在事故之后昏迷了三天。
[近] insensibility, blackout, knockout
[反] consciousness, awareness 有知觉
【考法2】n. 迟钝,冷漠:a state of mental or physical sluggishness: torpor
[近] sluggish, torpor
[反] activity, animation 有活力;alacrity 敏捷
symbol: ['koʊmə]
zhuji: 【记】co共同，ma妈：由于你昏迷的太厉害了，所以你的大妈，二妈，亲妈，后妈全体出动来探望你，希望你早日康复，继续背单词！
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position: (4, 9)

正面: combustible
definition: 【考法1】adj. 可燃的:capable of igniting and burning
[例] release a combustible gas 释放出可燃性气体
[近] burnable, combustive, flammable, ignitable, inflammable
[反] incombustible, nonburnable, noncombustible, nonflammable, noninflammable, unburnable 不可燃的;fireproof 防火的
【考法2】adj. 容易激动的:easily excited
[例] a high-strung combustible temper 一碰就火的性格
[近] excitable, agitable, touchy
symbol: [kəm'bʌstəbl]
zhuji: 【记】com共同，bust燃烧－易燃的com共同，bus汽车，tible＝table：汽车的一个共同的特点就是易燃，因为用的是汽油，更何况里面有桌子。
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position: (4, 9)

正面: comely
definition: 【考法】adj. 漂亮的,吸引人的:pleasing and wholesome in appearance; attractive
[例] a comely young woman 年轻美丽的女人
[近] attractive, cute, fair, good-looking, gorgeous, handsome, lovely, pretty, ravishing, well-favored, seemly, stunning
[反] homely, ill-favored, ugly, unattractive, unbeautiful, uncomely, uncute, unhandsome, unlovely, unpleasing, unpretty 不好看的
symbol: ['kʌmli]
zhuji: 【记】come来。见到漂亮姑娘都希望她能过来。"
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position: (4, 9)

正面: comity
definition: 【考法】n. 友好,社会和谐:friendly social atmosphere: social harmony
[例] group activities promoting comity 促进和谐氛围的团队活动‖comity of nations 国际礼节
[近] compatibility, concord, peace
[反] conflict, discord, dissension 冲突,不和
symbol: ['kɑ:mɪti]
zhuji: 【记】com共同，it他，y外国人：共同向他们外国人学习，因为他们很有礼貌。
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position: (4, 9)

正面: commencement
definition: 【考法1】n. 开始:a beginning; a start
[例] There was a large turnout at the commencement of the conference, but the numbers dwindled as it progressed. 在会议开始的时候,有很多人出席。但是随着会议的进行,人慢慢变少了。
[近] birth, onset, outset, start, genesis, inception, nascence, threshold
[反] close, conclusion, end, ending 结束
【考法2】n. 毕业典礼:the ceremonies or the day for conferring degrees or diplomas
[例] The purpose of a commencement speaker is to dispense wisdom. 毕业典礼上演讲者的目的是传播智慧。
[反] matriculation 录取入学
symbol: [kə'mensmənt]
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position: (4, 9)

正面: commend
definition: 【考法1】vt. 赞扬:to mention with approbation: praise
[例] Jason commended his students' studious attitude. Jason表扬了他的学生用功的态度。
[近] approbate, praise, acclaim, applaud, compliment, eulogize, extol
[反] blame, criticize, reprehend, reprobate, chide, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, reprove, censure, admonish berate, deplore, execrate 责备,批评,谴责,憎恶,痛骂
【考法2】vt. 委托保管:to entrust for care or preservation
[例] I commend my fate into your hands. 我的命运就拜托给你了。
[近] commit, delegate, deliver, entrust, confide, consign, hand over
[反] hold, keep, retain 保留
【考法3】vt. 推荐:to recommend as worthy of confidence or notice
[例] I commend this book to anyone interested in learning more about American history. 我把这本书推荐给所有对美国历史感兴趣的人。
symbol: [kə'mend]
zhuji: 【记】com共同，mend修改，改进－大家一起改进错误，这是多么值得称赞的举动啊！
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position: (4, 9)

正面: commensurate
definition: 【考法1】adj. 同样大小的:equal in measure or extent
[例] Five yards is commensurate with fifteen feet. 5码等于15英尺。
[近] equal, tantamount
[反] unequal, disparate, preponderant 不相同的,(重量,重要性,数量上)超过的
【考法2】adj. 相称的,相当的:corresponding in size or degree; proportionate
[例] a job commensurate with her abilities 一份与她能力相称的工作
[近] commensurable, proportionate
[反] disproportionate 不相称的
symbol: [kə'men∫ərət]
zhuji: 【记】com共同，mensur＝measure（v 测量）－测量相同－相称的
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position: (4, 9)

正面: commingle
definition: 【考法】v. 充分混合:to blend thoroughly into a harmonious whole
[例] Ground waters originating in different beds commingle. 来源于不同层位的地下水相互混合。‖Fact and fiction commingle in the story. 事实和虚构混合成了故事。
[近] amalgamate, fuse, mix, immix, commix, compound, mingle, immingle, intermingle, intermix, merge
[反] break down, break up, separate, unmix 分开
symbol: [kə'mɪŋgl]
zhuji: 【记】com共同，mingle（v 使混合）"
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position: (4, 9)

正面: commitment
definition: 【考法1】n. 致力,投入:the state or an instance of being obligated or emotionally impelled
[例] a commitment to a cause 投身于某项事业
[近] dedication, devotedness, fealty, piety, steadfastness
【考法2】n. 确信:a strong belief in something
[近] conviction, belief, faith
【考法3】n. 承诺,表态:the act of revealing one's view of
[例] He made a commitment to pay the rent on time. 他承诺按时交房租。
[反] ambivalence, equivocation 矛盾,含糊其辞
symbol: [kə'mɪtmənt]
zhuji: 【记】com共同，mit送－共同送东西到指定处－对方接受后便要承诺责任com共同，mit＝MIT（麻省理工）：我们约好不考上MIT就不活了，这就是一种承诺，而且我们还要为之努力－致力献身Com共同，mit＝meet相遇：我们约好在小花园相遇，这也是承诺。Com共同，mit读：觅他：我们一起去找他，一定要把他找回来－这不但是一种承诺，我们还要致力于这项工作。
zhuji3000: 【根】 com- [together] + mit [send] + -ment [n.], send (effort) together, 投入全部精力 → n. 致力,投入;承诺,表态;有承诺和保证 → n. 确信
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position: (4, 9)

正面: committed
definition: 【考法】adj. 忠诚的,忠实的:loyal to a belief, organization, or group, and willing to work hard for it
[例] remain committed to one's youthful ideal 坚持不懈地追求自己年轻时的理想
[近] loyal, faithful, allegiant
[反] disloyal 不忠诚的
[派] noncommittal adj. 不明确的:giving no clear indication of attitude or feeling
[例] a noncommittal reply 一个不明确的回答
[反] confirmable 确定的
symbol: [kə'mɪtɪd]
zhuji: 【记】com共同，mitted读：觅他的：一大堆人共同觅他的，说明我们对他很忠心，一定要找他回来，比如：老管丢了，我们就要觅他，因为这是我们的本职工作，我们要尽忠。Com共同，mit（麻省理工）：要想考上MIT，GRE就是你的本职工作，你要对它尽忠。
zhuji3000: 【根】 com- [together] + mit [send] + - (t) ed [a.], send (one's effort) together, 投入一个人的全部 → a. 忠诚的,忠实的
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position: (4, 9)

正面: commodious
definition: 【考法】adj. 宽敞舒适的:comfortably or conveniently spacious: roomy
[例] a commodious closet 宽敞的衣橱
[近] spacious, roomy
[反] constricted, cramped, snug, constringed 狭窄的
symbol: [kə'moʊdiəs]
zhuji: 【记】commodi＝commodity（n 商品）；ous多－商品很多的地方就是大型超市－宽敞的地方com共同，mod方式，ious多：有很多摆放的方式－宽敞的
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position: (4, 10)

正面: commonsensical
definition: 【考法】adj. 符合常识的,有依据的:displaying common sense, based on sound reasoning or information
[例] The only commonsensical solution would be to divide the children into groups according to age. 唯一合理的解决办法就是按照年龄把孩子分成组。
[近] justified, logical, rational, reasonable, reasoned, valid, well-founded, levelheaded
[反] groundless, illogical, invalid, irrational, nonrational, nonsensical, nonvalid, unfounded, uninformed, unjustified, unreasonable, unreasoned, unsound 无逻辑的,不合理的;preposterous 荒谬的
symbol: [ˌkɑ:mən'sensɪkl]
zhuji: 【记】common（adj 普通的），sensi＝sense（n 感觉，见识）：具有普通人的见识，感觉－明白事理的，有基本常识的
zhuji3000: 【根】 common [commom] + sens [sense] + -ic + -al [a.], of common sense → a. 符合常识的,有依据的
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position: (4, 10)

正面: commotion
definition: 【考法】n. 骚乱:an agitated disturbance
[例] The commotion was created when the nation's top rock band arrived in town. 当全国顶级摇滚乐队来到小镇时,人们骚乱了。
[近] tumult, turmoil, pandemonium, hurry-scurry
[反] tranquility, calmness, quiet, serenity 安静;order 有序
symbol: [kə'moʊ∫n]
zhuji: 【记】com共同，motion（n 运动）－共同运动－动乱
zhuji3000: 【根】 com- [together] + mot [move] + -ion [n.], move together, 一起 (骚) 动 → n. 骚乱
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position: (4, 10)

正面: compendium
definition: 【考法1】n. 摘要:a brief summary of a larger work or of a field of knowledge: abstract
[例] a compendium of information 资料概要
[近] abstract, brief, overview
[派] compendious adj. 简洁而全面的:concise and comprehensive
[例] his compendious knowledge of this subject 他关于这一学科的全面知识
[近] concise, brief, laconic, compendiary, succinct
【考法2】目录:各种项目的列表或集合:a list or collection of various items
[例] Compendium of Materia Medica《本草纲目》
[近] compilation, miscellany
symbol: [kəm'pendiəm]
zhuji: 【记】com共同，pend挂－把各部分的主要内容挂在一起－概要com共同，pen笔，ium表场所－把共同点用笔写下来的场所－摘要部分
zhuji3000: 【记】 com- [together] + pend [hang] + -ium [n.], (将主要内容) 挂在一起 → n. 摘要;目录,各种项目的列表或集合
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position: (4, 10)

正面: complacency
definition: 【考法】n. 自满,无忧患意识:a feeling of self-satisfaction, coupled with an unawareness of trouble
[例] Complacency is the enemy of study. 自满乃学习之敌。‖A momentary complacency was quickly dispelled by the shock of cold reality. 短暂的自满很快就被残酷的现实赶跑了。
[近] conceit, pomposity, pompousness, pride, self-admiration, self-assumption, smugness, vanity
[反] anxiety 忧虑;humbleness, humility, modesty 谦虚
symbol: [kəm'pleɪsnsi]
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position: (4, 10)

正面: complaisance
definition: 【考法】n. 愿意顺从,讨好,彬彬有礼:disposition to please or comply: affability
[例] She speaks with complaisance. 她说话彬彬有礼。‖The complaisance of his girlfriend is such that she meekly goes along with everything he says. 他的女朋友讨好他,对他言听计从。
[近] affability, amenability, amiability, good-naturedness
[反] obstinacy 固执;churlishness 粗野
symbol: [kəm'pleɪzəns]
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position: (4, 10)

正面: compliant
definition: 【考法】adj. 顺从的:ready or disposed to comply: submissive
[例] a corrupt regime aided by a compliant television station 一个在顺从的电视台帮助下的腐败政府
[近] amenable, conformable, docile, submissive, tractable
[反] balky, contumacious, disobedient, incompliant, insubordinate, intractable, noncompliant, obstreperous, rebel, rebellious, recalcitrant, refractory, unamenable, ungovernable, unruly, willful, wayward 顽固的,难驾驭的
symbol: [kəm'plaɪənt]
zhuji: 【记】com共同，pliant（adj 柔顺的）－顺从的com共同，pli＝play，ant：详见complaisant
zhuji3000: 【根】 com- [加强语气, completely] + pli [fold] + -ant [a.], (completely) fold, 点头弯腰的 → a. 顺从的
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position: (4, 10)

正面: compliment
definition: 【考法1】n./vt. 称赞,恭维:an expression of praise, admiration, or congratulation
[例] a man meriting the compliments and homage of his fellows 一个值得他的伙伴们尊敬和称赞的人
[近] praise, commend, eulogize, extol, laud
[反] vituperate 责骂
[派] complimentary adj. 称赞的:expressing or containing a compliment
[反] vituperative 责骂的
【考法2】n. 敬意,免费赠送的礼物:formal and respectful recognition: honor
[例] How about a delicious dessert then, with our compliment? 给您上点甜点怎么样,算是我们小小的敬意。
symbol: None
zhuji3000: 【根】 com- [加强语气, completely] + pli [fold] + -ment [n.], 弯腰敬礼 → n./vt. 称赞,恭维n. 敬意,免费赠送的礼物
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position: (4, 10)

正面: comply
definition: 【考法】vi. 遵从:to conform, submit, or adapt(as to a regulation or to another's wishes)as required or requested
[例] The devices comply with industry standards. 该设备符合工业标准。‖There will be penalties against individuals who fail to comply. 谁不遵从谁就会受到惩罚。
[近] conform, submit, observe
[反] defy, disobey, rebel against, violate, breach, transgress 违背
symbol: [kəm'plaɪ]
zhuji: 【记】com一起，ply＝play玩，要comply规则
zhuji3000: 【根】 com- [加强语气, completely] + ply [pli, fold], fold, 弯曲自己,趋向要求、规则 → vi. 遵从
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position: (4, 10)

正面: compose
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使镇定:to free from agitation: calm
[例] She took a deep breath and composed herself. 她做了一个深呼吸,使自己安定下来。
[近] contain, settle
[反] agitate, discompose, disquiet, disturb, perturb, upset, vex 使激动,使不安
[派] composed adj. 镇静的,安定的:free from agitation: calm
[反] distraught, restless 发狂的,不平静的
[派] composure n. 镇定:a calmness or repose especially of mind, bearing, or appearance
【考法2】v. 组成,构成:to form the substance of: constitute
[例] composed of many ingredients 由很多配料组成
[近] constitute, comprise, make up
Ordinary people merely think how they shall spend their time; a man of talent tries to use it. 普通人只想到如何度过时间,有才能的人设法利用时间。
——德国哲学家 叔本华(Arthur Schopenhauer, German philosopher)
symbol: [kəm'pouz]
zhuji: 【记】com一起，pose放－把各个部分放到一起－组成
zhuji3000: 【根】 com- [together] + pos [put] + e [v.], put together → v. 组成,构成;put (conflictions) together, 调和内心的冲突 → vt. 使镇定
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position: (4, 10)

正面: compound
definition: 【考法1】['kɑ:mpaʊnd] n. 混和物:something composed of or resulting from union of separate elements, ingredients, or parts
[例] mixed the chemicals together to form a new compound 将化学试剂混合形成新的化合物
[近] admixture, alloy, amalgam, amalgamation, cocktail, combination, composite, fusion, intermixture, meld, mix, conflation, synthesis
【考法2】['kɑ:mpaʊnd] adj. 混合的:consisting of two or more substances, ingredients, elements, or parts
[例] a compound word 复合词‖“Steamboat”is a compound noun.“汽船”是一个复合名词。
[近] amalgamated
[反] noncompound 非混合的
【考法3】[kəm'paʊnd] vt. 混合:to put or bring together so as to form a new and longer whole
[例] the German language's propensity for compounding words 德语喜欢复合单词
[近] chain, conjugate, couple, hook, interconnect, interlink, join, link, yoke
[反] disconnect, disjoin, disjoint, dissever, disunite, separate, unchain, uncouple, unhitch, unyoke 分开
【考法4】v. 扩大,增多:to make greater in size, amount, or number
[例] We compounded our error by waiting too long to call for help. 我们等着不寻求帮助增大了我们的错误。
[近] aggrandize, amplify, augment, boost, enlarge, escalate, expand, extend, raise, swell
[反] abate, decrease, diminish, dwindle, lessen, lower, minify, reduce 缩小,减少
【考法5】v. 和解:to agree for a consideration not to prosecute(an offense)
[例] compound a felony 私了案件
symbol: None
zhuji3000: 【根】 com- [together] + pound [put, 词根pon的变形], put (different things) together → n. 混合物a. 混合的vt. 混合;put (same things) together → v. 扩大,增多;put (conflicting opinions) together → v. 和解
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position: (5, 1)

正面: compress
definition: 【考法】vt. 压缩(体积):to reduce in size or volume as if by squeezing
[例] compress a computer file 压缩电脑文档‖The science textbook compresses a lot of information about human reproduction into a few short chapters. 科学教科书将人类的繁育知识压缩成了几个短章节。
[近] capsule, collapse, compact, condense, constrict, constringe, contract, shrink, telescope
[反] increase in volume, decompress, expand, balloon 体积增大;outspread, outstretch 伸展,扩张
symbol: [kəm'pres]
zhuji: 【记】com一起，press压－一起压－压缩
zhuji3000: 【根】 com- [together] + press [压], 压在一起 → vt. 压缩 (体积)
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position: (5, 1)

正面: compromise
definition: 【考法1】v. 妥协:to adjust or settle by mutual concessions
[例] Eventually we reached a compromise on the number of hours per week that would be devoted to piano practice. 最后我们在每周练琴的时间上妥协了。
[近] accommodation, negotiation
【考法2】vt. 使危险:to place in danger
[例] Officials were concerned that his statements would compromise national security. 官员们认为他的言论会危害国家安全。
[近] hazard, imperil, jeopardize, menace, peril, venture
symbol: ['kɑ:mprəmaɪz]
zhuji: 【记】com共同，promise发誓：停战妥协就是两个国家共同发誓不打仗的产物。
zhuji3000: 【记】 com- [together] + promise [作承诺], 一起作承诺 → v. 妥协
[注] compromise还有“vt. 使危险”的含义
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position: (5, 1)

正面: compunction
definition: 【考法】n. 焦虑,内疚,良心不安:anxiety arising from awareness of guilt
[例] compunction of conscience 良心不安‖a brutal murderer who killed without compunction 一个野蛮没有良心的杀人犯
[近] anxiety, misgiving, scruple
[反] absence of misgiving 不担忧
symbol: [kəm'pʌŋk∫n]
zhuji: 【记】com共同，punct刺－我的感觉象被万箭穿心－因为我良心不安，做了对不起她的事。
zhuji3000: 【根】 com- [completely] + punct [prick] + -ion [n.], (心) 被刺,如坐针毡 → n. 焦虑,内疚,良心不安
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position: (5, 1)

正面: concatenate
definition: 【考法】v. 连结,混合:to put or bring together so as to form a new and longer whole
[例] The movie actually concatenates several episodes from various books into one extended narrative. 这部电影把很多书中的片段混合成了一个故事。
[近] catenate, chain, couple, hook, interconnect, interlink, join, link, yoke
[反] disconnect, disjoin, disjoint, dissever, disunite, separate, unchain, uncouple, unhitch, unyoke 分开
symbol: [kən'kætɪneɪt]
zhuji: 【记】con一起，caten＝chain（n 铁链）－使铁链到一起－连接con共同，cat猫，ten10，ate吃：十只猫共同吃饭，猫虽然不是人，但是也得守规矩，吃饭的时候要排成一串。
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position: (5, 1)

正面: concave
definition: 【考法】adj. 凹的:curved like the inner surface of a sphere
[例] a concave lens 凹透镜
[近] dented, depressed, dished, indented, recessed
[反] bulging, convex, protuberant 凸的
symbol: [kɑ:n'keɪv]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，cave（n 洞）－洞的共同点是凹的
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position: (5, 1)

正面: conceal
definition: 【考法】v. 隐藏,隐瞒:to prevent disclosure or recognition of
[例] Drunkenness reveal what soberness conceal. 酒后吐真言。
[近] cache, secrete, disguise, mask, occult, ensconce
[反] display, exhibit 展示;bare, disclose, expose, reveal, uncover, unmask 揭露
symbol: [kən'si:l]
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position: (5, 1)

正面: concede
definition: 【考法1】vt. 承认:to grant as a right or privilege
[例] She grudgingly conceded his point. 她不情愿地承认了他的观点。
[近] acknowledge, grant, confess
[反] refuse to grant, deny 拒绝承认,否认
[派] concession n. 让步:the act of yielding
[反] aggression 侵犯
【考法2】v. 停止抵抗:to cease resistance(as to another's arguments, demands, or control)
[例] He conceded as soon as it became clear that he could not win. 当他明显赢不了的时候他就停止了抵抗。
[近] capitulate, give in, quit, submit, succumb, surrender
[反] resist 抵抗
symbol: [kən'si:d]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，cede（v 割让；放弃[读：死敌]）－两边都放弃一点儿－让步，承认con共同，cede走：两人共同走一步－让步
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position: (5, 1)

正面: concentrate
definition: 【考法1】v. 集中:to bring or direct toward a common center or objective: focus
[例] concentrate one's efforts 集中精力
[近] center, focus, rivet
[反] deploy, dispel, disperse, dissipate 散开,驱散
【考法2】vt. 浓缩:to make less dilute
[例] Prolonged boiling is required to concentrate the sap when making maple syrup. 制作枫糖浆时,要进行长时间的煮,使汁液充分浓缩。
[近] condense
[反] dilute, water down 稀释
【考法3】v. 聚集:to come together in one body or place
[例] Recent immigrants tend to concentrate in port cities. 近来的移民倾向于聚集在海港城市。
[近] accumulate, amass, assemble, collect, congregate, garner
[反] dispel, disperse, dissipate, scatter, break up, disband 驱散,解散
symbol: ['kɑ:nsntreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，centra＝center中心：共同向中心－集中。
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together] + centr [center] + -ate [v.], go to center together → v. 集中;聚集;浓缩
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position: (5, 1)

正面: concerted
definition: 【考法】adj. 共同完成的:planned or accomplished together
[例] The ITER project, commendable though it is, should be merely a component of a concerted effort.“国际热核聚变实验堆”计划虽然是值得称赞的,但是它仅仅是(人类)齐心协力的一部分。‖A victory results from the concerted effort of the entire team. 一项成功来自整个团队的齐心协力。
[近] collaborative, combined, cooperative, united
[反] separate 分开的;individual, single, sole, solitary 单独的
symbol: [kən'sɜ:rtɪd]
zhuji: 【记】源于concert：音乐会是需要很多演奏家配合的。
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position: (5, 1)

正面: conciliate
definition: 【考法1】v. 平息,抚慰:to lessen the anger or agitation of
[例] A principal tried to conciliate the parents who did not receive their tickets to the graduation ceremonies. 校长试着平息没有收到他们学校毕业晚会门票的家长的气愤情绪。
[近] appease, pacify, assuage, mollify, placate, propitiate, calm(down), ease, soothe, palliate, disarm
[反] annoy, enrage, vex, nettle, rile, incense, inflame, exasperate, infuriate, discompose, disturb, perturb, upset 烦扰,激怒,打扰
【考法2】vt. 调解:to make compatible: reconcile
[例] It will be hard to conciliate the views of labor and management regarding health benefits. 调解劳资双方对于健康保险金的观点很难。
[近] attune, reconcile, coordinate, accommodate
[反] discontent 不满;disharmonize 使不和谐
[派] conciliatory adj. 调和的,安抚的
[反] contentious 好争吵的;belligerent 好战的
symbol: [kən'sɪlieɪt]
zhuji: 【记】concil＝council协商－协商解决问题－调节
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position: (5, 2)

正面: concise
definition: 【考法】adj. 简洁的:marked by brevity of expression or statement
[例] a clear and concise account of the accident 一份清楚简洁的事故描述‖Concise Design of Spacecraft Automatic System 航天器自动控制系统简要设计
[近] aphoristic, compendious, curt, laconic, pithy, succinct, terse, elliptical
[反] circuitous, circumlocutory, diffuse, long-winded, prolix, verbose, windy, wordy 冗长的
symbol: [kən'saɪs]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，cise切掉－把多余的部分切掉－简洁的
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position: (5, 2)

正面: concord
definition: 【考法】n. 一致,和睦:harmony or agreement of interests or feelings; accord
[例] No discord, no concord. 不打不成交。
[近] comity, compatibility, peace
[反] conflict, discord, dissension, variance 冲突,不和
symbol: ['kɑ:ŋkɔ:rd]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，cord心－一条心－和睦
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together] + cord [heart], 心在一起 → n. 一致,和睦
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position: (5, 2)

正面: concur
definition: 【考法1】vi. 同意:to express agreement
[例] concur with an excellent opinion 同意一个好的想法
[近] agree, coincide
[反] differ, disagree 不同意
【考法2】vi. 同一时间发生、存在:to occur or exist at the same time
[例] The race to the moon, the Vietnam War, and the civil rights movement all concurred in the 1960s. 登月、越战和人权运动都发生在二十世纪六十年代。
[近] coexist, synchronize, co-occur
【考法3】vi. 团结合作:to participate or assist in a joint effort to accomplish an end
[例] All people concurred to pass the reform legislation. 所有人都联合起来使改革法案通过。
[近] band together, collaborate, concert, conjoin, league, team up, unite
symbol: [kən'kɜ:r]
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together] + cur [run], (ideas) run together → vi. 同意;(some things) run (=occur) together → vi. 同一时间发生、存在;run together → vi. 团结合作
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position: (5, 2)

正面: condescending
definition: 【考法】adj. 摆出高人一等的姿态的:displaying a patronizingly superior attitude
[例] treat sb in a condescending manner 以屈尊俯就的态度对待某人
[近] patronizing
[派] condescension n. 屈尊俯就:patronizing attitude or behavior
symbol: [ˌkɑ:ndɪ'sendɪŋ]
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [加强语气] + de- [down] + scend [climb] + -ing [a.], climb down (from superior position), “迁就” → a. 摆出高人一等的姿态的
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position: (5, 2)

正面: condign
definition: 【考法】adj. 应得的,恰当的:deserved, appropriate
[例] condign punishment 应得的惩罚‖A suspension without pay is condign punishment for breaking the company's code of business ethics. 停职是违反公司商业道德准则应得的惩罚。
[近] due, deserved, merited, justified, warranted
[反] undeserved, undue, unmerited 不应得的
symbol: [kən'daɪn]
zhuji: 【记】cond藏，ig读：一个，n山洞：因为你罪有应得，所以跑到山洞里去了。Con共同，dig挖，n洞：我们挖洞要把你埋了，因为你罪有应得
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position: (5, 2)

正面: condole
definition: 【考法】vi. 表达同情:to express sympathetic sorrow
[例] We condole with him on the death of his father. 我们对他父亲的死深表同情。
[近] compassionate, sympathize with, yearn over
[派] condolence n. 同情:sympathy with another in sorrow
symbol: [kən'doʊl]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，dol痛苦－共同痛苦－哀悼cond藏，le乐：把欢乐藏起来－慰问
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together] + dol [grieve] + -e [v.], 一起悲伤 → v. 表达同情
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position: (5, 2)

正面: condone
definition: 【考法】vt. 宽恕;忽视:to overlook, forgive, or disregard(an offense)without protest or censure
[例] By his silence, he seemed to condone their behavior. 他的沉默流露出了他对他们行为的宽恕。‖He is too quick to condone his friend's faults. 他太快了,忽视了他朋友的过错。
[近] disregard, ignore, overlook, remit, shrug off, gloss over
[反] denounce 谴责;exact 强求
symbol: [kən'doʊn]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，done给予－共同给予宽恕－原谅cond藏，one一：藏一个心眼，我先原谅你，如果再犯，加倍处罚。
zhuji3000: 【根】 con [completely] + don [give] + -e [v.], give (away) one's fault, 放走 (某人的过失、把柄) → vt.宽恕;忽视
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position: (5, 2)

正面: conducive
definition: 【考法】adj. 有益的,有促进作用的:tending to promote or assist
[例] be conducive to education 于教育有利的‖The state's long-standing low tax is conducive to entrepreneurship. 政府长期的低税率有利于创业者。
[近] facilitative, useful
[反] unhelpful, useless 无用的
symbol: [kən'du:sɪv]
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [加强语气, together] + duc [lead] + -ive [a.],lead (goodness) → a. 有益的,有促进作用的
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position: (5, 2)

正面: confident
definition: 【考法】adj. 有信心的,自信的:having or showing assurance and self-reliance
[例] Thicker and fuller hair would make a man more confident at work. 越来越浓密的头发让男人在工作中更加自信。
[近] assured, self-assured, self-confident
[反] diffident 不自信的
symbol: ['kɑ:nfɪdənt]
zhuji: 【记】con全部，fid相信－相信别人（信任），相信自己（自信）
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [加强语气] + fid [trust] + -ent [a.], trust (oneself) completely, 完全相信自己 → a. 有信心的,自信的
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position: (5, 2)

正面: confine
definition: 【考法1】vt. 禁闭,监禁:to shut or keep in, especially to imprison
[例] The thief was confined in a prison. 小偷被关在监狱里。
[近] imprison, commit, confine, immure, incarcerate, jail
[反] discharge, free, liberate, release 释放
【考法2】vt. 限制:to keep within limits
[例] Please confine yourself to the subject. 请不要离题。
[近] limit, circumscribe, restrict
[反] exceed 超越,超过
symbol: [kən'faɪn]
zhuji: 【记】con（全部），fine（限制）－全限制－监禁
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [加强语气] + fin [border, end] + -e [v.], (set) borders, 设置边界 → vt. 限制;禁闭,监禁
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position: (5, 3)

正面: confluence
definition: 【考法】n. 汇合,混合:the coming together of two or more things to the same point
[例] a happy confluence of beautiful weather and spectacular scenery during our vacation 旅途中美好的天气和壮丽的景色——令人欣喜的汇合
[近] conjunction
[反] divergence 分叉
symbol: ['kɑ:nfluəns]
zhuji: 【记】con一起，flu流－流到一起－汇流
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together] + flu [flow] + -ence [n.], flow together → n. 汇合,混合
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position: (5, 3)

正面: confront
definition: 【考法】vt. 直接对抗,直面:to come face to face with, especially with defiance or hostility
[例] You must confront your fear in order to conquer it. 要战胜你的恐惧,就必须首先敢于面对。
[近] affront, brazen, encounter, face, meet
[反] dodge, duck, parry, shirk, sidestep 躲避
[派] confrontation n. 对抗,冲突
symbol: [kən'frʌnt]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，front面，面对－共同面对－对抗
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [加强语气] + front [面对] → v. 直接对抗,直面
【联】 come [con] to front, 冲到前面 → v. 直接对抗,直面
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position: (5, 3)

正面: confound
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使困惑:to throw into a state of mental uncertainty
[例] We are all confounded by his self-contradictory claims. 我们都对他自相矛盾的言论感到困惑。
[近] baffle, bewilder, confuse, muddle, perplex, puzzle
[反] clarify 使清醒
【考法2】vt. 无法区分,混淆:to fail to differentiate(a thing)from something similar or related
[例] I think you must have confounded astrology with astronomy. 我想你一定是把占星术和天文学搞混了。
[近] misidentify, mistake, mix up
[反] discriminate, distinguish 区分
【考法3】vt. 证明为假,证伪:to prove to be false
[例] new discoveries that confounded much of what archaeologists thought they have known about the ancient Mayan civilization 一些新的发现颠覆了考古学家们长期以来对于古代玛雅文明的认识
[近] belie, debunk, falsify, disprove, rebut, refute
[反] confirm, validate, verify 证实,证明为真
[派] confounding adj. 使人困惑的
symbol: [kən'faʊnd]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，found建立；创办：建立一堆同样的房子可以使你迷惑，混淆
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position: (5, 3)

正面: congeal
definition: 【考法】v. 凝固,固化:to change from a fluid to a solid state by or as if by cold
[例] The blood had started to congeal. 血液开始凝结了。
[近] coagulate, solidify, indurate, clot
[反] melt, liquefy 熔化,液化
[派] congealment n. 凝固
symbol: [kən'ʤi:l]
zhuji: 【记】con一起，ge搁，al＝all：把所有东西搁到一起，产生一种压缩的感觉－凝固
zhuji3000: 【联】 con- [together] + geal [jell, v. 凝结,读音相近], jell together, 像jelly [果冻] 一样 → v. 凝固,固化
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position: (5, 3)

正面: congenial
definition: 【考法1】adj. 和善的,友好的:having or marked by agreement in feeling or action
[例] a congenial host who invited us for a feast 一位邀请我们美餐一顿的友好主人
[近] agreeable, amicable, compatible, unanimous
[反] discordant, incompatible 不和睦的,不和谐的
[派] congeniality n. 友善
【考法2】adj. 令人愉悦的:giving pleasure or contentment to the mind or senses
[例] a couple relaxing in the congenial atmosphere of a luxury health SPA 一对沉浸在奢华水疗寓所中令人愉快气氛里的夫妻
[近] delightful, dulcet, felicitous, palatable
[反] unpleasant 令人不悦的
symbol: [kən'ʤi:niəl]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，geni＝genius（n 才能）－有共同才能－情趣相投的con，gen＝gene（基因）：有共同的基因是一个妈生的，所以意气相投的
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position: (5, 3)

正面: congruent
definition: 【考法1】adj. 和谐一致的:being in agreement, harmony, or correspondence; congruous
[例] a theory congruent with the known facts 一个与已知事实相一致的理论
[近] consonant, compatible, consistent, harmonious, accordant
[反] disagreeable 不一致的;conflicting, incompatible 冲突的,不可协调的
[派] congruity n. 和谐一致
【考法2】adj. 全等的:coinciding exactly when superimposed
[例] These two triangles are congruent. 这两个三角形是全等的。
[近] identical, exact
[反] disparate 迥异的
symbol: ['kɑ:ŋgruənt]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，gru＝gree同意，一致－一致的，全等的
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position: (5, 3)

正面: conjecture
definition: 【考法1】n. 推测,猜测:a conclusion deduced by surmise or guesswork
[例] That was only a conjecture, not a fact. 那只是猜测而非事实。
[近] speculation, supposition, surmise, theory
[反] fact 事实;axiom 公理
【考法2】v. 猜测,估计(大小、数量等):to decide the size, amount, number, or distance of(something)without actual measurement
[近] calculate, estimate, guess, gauge
[反] prove 证明
【考法3】v.(没有依据地)认为:to form an opinion from little or no evidence
[例] conjecture that this disease is caused by a defective gene 揣测这种疾病是由基因缺陷导致的
[近] assume, imagine, presume, speculate, suppose
symbol: [kən'ʤekt∫ər]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，ject推，扔－想象一下在高考的时候，班里的所有同学都在扔钱币，用来推测报考哪一所学校－推测
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together] + ject [throw] + -ure [n.&v.], throw (facts, etc.) together, 将已有的事实扔在一起 (从而得到一些可能不正确的结果) → n. 推测,猜测v. 猜测,估计 (大小、数量等) ;(没有依据地) 认为
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position: (5, 3)

正面: connive
definition: 【考法1】vi. 暗中合作,共谋:to cooperate secretly or have a secret understanding; collude
[例] They connived to take over the throne. 他们密谋篡位。
[近] conspire, intrigue, plot, collude, machinate, put up
[派] conniver n. 共谋者
【考法2】vi. 纵容:假装忽视或并未采取措施阻止错误:to pretend ignorance of or fail to take action against something one ought to oppose
[例] The guards were suspected of conniving at the prisoner's escape. 警卫人员有纵容犯人越狱的嫌疑。
[近] blink, disregard, overlook, wink
[反] disapprove [反]对
symbol: [kə'naɪv]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，nive眨眼睛－共同互相眨眼睛－共谋，纵容，默许con，nive＝give：互相给眼色（比如：在考试的是后作弊被老师发现了，但是他给了你一个眼色，表示）默许，纵容
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position: (5, 3)

正面: connoisseur
definition: 【考法1】n. 鉴赏家(尤指艺术领域):a person who enjoys with discrimination and appreciation of subtleties and details especially in matters of culture or art
[例] a connoisseur of wine and cigarette 烟酒鉴赏的行家
[近] aesthete, cognoscente
【考法2】n. 专家:a person with a high level of knowledge or skill in a field
[例] works that are highly prized by connoisseurs of art glass 被玻璃艺术制品专家高度赞誉的作品
[近] adept, artist, authority, maestro, master, maven, proficient, virtuoso
[反] amateur, inexpert, nonexpert 业余者,非专业者;tyro, neophyte 新手
symbol: [ˌkɑ:nə'sɜ:r]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，nois知道，seur人－什么都知道的人－行家，鉴赏家
zhuji3000: 【联】 con- [together] + nois [not, 词根,表示“知道”] + seur [sir], (对某个领域) 完全知道的人 → n. 专家;鉴赏家 (尤指艺术领域)
[注] 词根not表示know, 例如notice [n. 通知] (“让别人知道”)
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position: (5, 3)

正面: conscientious
definition: 【考法1】adj. 仔细的,一丝不苟的:taking, showing, or involving great care and effort
[例] a conscientious researcher 一丝不苟的研究者
[近] careful, exact, heedful, meticulous, painstaking, scrupulous
[反] careless, remiss 粗心大意的
【考法2】adj. 有良心的,正直的:governed by or conforming to the dictates of conscience
[例] a conscientious police officer 一名有良心的警察
[近] conscionable, ethical, honest, moral, upright, principled, scrupulous
[反] unscrupulous 不正直的
[派] conscience n. 良心
symbol: [ˌkɑ:n∫i'en∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，sci知道，entious多－知道的道理多就会有责任心本着良心做事就是尽责的，小心谨慎的
zhuji3000: 【联】 conscience [n. 良心, 良知] (“(道德上) 是人都 [con-] 知道 [sci] 的 (良知) ”) 的形容词形式 → a.有良心的,正直的;conscious [a. 有意识的; 意识到的] (“对某事物有认知 [sci] (能力) 的”) → a. 仔细的,一丝不苟的
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position: (5, 4)

正面: consensus
definition: 【考法】n. 一致同意:general agreement; unanimity
[例] The board has finally reached a consensus. 董事会最终达成了一致。
[近] accord, assent, agreement, harmony, unanimity, unison
[反] disagreement 不同意见
symbol: [kən'sensəs]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，sens感觉，us我们－我们有共同的感觉－意见一致
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together] + sens [sense] + -us [n.], sense together, of the same sense → n. 一致同意
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position: (5, 4)

正面: consequence
definition: 【考法1】n. 结果:something produced by a cause or necessarily following from a set of conditions
[例] negative consequences of the war 战争带来的负面后果
[近] aftermath, effect, outcome, result
[反] source, origin, cause, antecedent 根源,原因
【考法2】n. 重要性,价值:significance; importance
[例] a mistake of no consequence 不重要的错误
[近] moment, magnitude, weight
[反] triviality 琐碎的事
[派] consequential adj. 重要的
symbol: ['kɑ:nsəkwens]
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [(together) with] + sequ [follow] + -ence [n.], follow with → n. 结果;对结果有影响,有结果 → n. 重要性,价值
[近] sequel ['siːkwəl] [n. 结果] , sequela [siː'kwɪːlə] [n. 结果]
[反] inconsequential [ɪnˌkɑ:nsɪ'kwenʃl] [a.不合逻辑的; 不重要的]
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position: (5, 4)

正面: conservative
definition: 【考法1】adj. 守旧的,不愿改变的:favoring traditional views and values; tending to oppose change
[例] a conservative political stance 一个守旧的政治立场
[近] hidebound, reactionary, die-hard
[反] radical, aggressive 激进的
【考法2】adj. 不招摇的,低调的:not excessively showy
[例] dressing in conservative outfits so as to make a good impression at job interviews 身着低调得体的套装以期待在面试时留下一个好印象
[近] muted, repressed, low-key, understated, unpretentious
[反] flamboyant, ostentatious, splashy 浮夸的,张扬的
【考法3】adj. 谨慎小心的:having or showing a close attentiveness to avoid danger or trouble
[例] He made conservative investments, and so he wasn't ruined when the market went into a free fall. 他只进行谨慎保守的投资,因此市场崩盘时他并没有受到严重损失。
[近] alert, heedful, cautious, circumspect, gingerly, guarded, wary, vigilant
[反] heedless 不谨慎的,莽撞的
symbol: [kən'sɜ:rvətɪv]
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [加强语气] + serv [keep, keep watch (observe) , maintain] + -ative [a.], keep (the past) → a. 守旧的,不愿改变的;keep (one's merit) → a. 不招摇的,低调的;keep (watching) → a. 谨慎小心的
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position: (5, 4)

正面: conservatory
definition: 【考法1】n. 温室:a greenhouse for growing or displaying plants
[例] The college's conservatory is entirely devoted to cultivating and displaying orchids. 学校的温室几乎全部用于兰花的种植和观赏了。
[近] greenhouse, hothouse
【考法2】n. 艺术学院:a school specializing in one of the fine arts
[例] an opera conservatory 歌剧学院
symbol: [kən'sɜ:rvətɔ:ri]
zhuji: 【记】conserve（vt 保存；保藏），atory表示地方：保存蔬菜和艺术家的地方。
zhuji3000: 【记】 conserv (e) [keep, 保存] + -atory [n. 地方], keep vegetable → n. 温室;最早指“收留孤儿”的地方 (联:慈善机构希望这些孤儿用艺术陶冶心灵,歌颂神,以后也是一种谋生的途径,所以给他们艺术上的尤其是音乐方面的教育) → 艺术学院
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position: (5, 4)

正面: conserve
definition: 【考法】vt. 保存,避免浪费:to keep in a safe or sound state, especially to avoid wasteful or destructive use
[例] conserve natural resources 保护自然资源
[近] husband, preserve, save
[反] dissipate, lavish, waste, squander 浪费
[派] conservation n. 保护
symbol: [kən'sɜ:rv]
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [加强语气] + serv [keep] + -e [v.], keep → vt. 保存,避免浪费
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position: (5, 4)

正面: considerable
definition: 【考法1】adj.(数量上)可观(而值得注意)的:sufficiently large in size, amount, or number to merit attention
[例] a considerable amount of fortune 一笔可观的财富
[近] extensive, substantial, large-scale
【考法2】adj. 值得考虑的,重要的:worth consideration; significant
[例] a considerable artist 一位举足轻重的艺术家
[近] important, significant, consequential, momentous, weighty
[反] trivial 不值一提的;insubstantial, negligible, nominal, trifling 不重要的,可忽视的
symbol: [kən'sɪdərəbl]
zhuji: 【记】这次走私的数目considerable，需要好好consider
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position: (5, 4)

正面: console
definition: 【考法】vt. 安慰,藉慰:to alleviate the grief, sense of loss, or trouble of; comfort
[例] Only her children could console her when her husband died. 当她丈夫去世时,只有她的孩子们才能抚慰她的悲痛。
[近] comfort, solace, soothe, calm
[反] distress, torment, torture 使痛苦
[派] consolation n. 安慰
symbol: [kən'soʊl]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，solo（n 独奏曲；adj 单独的）－大家都很孤单（尤其是去了美国的小男生们），唉！同病相怜，只好互相安慰了
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [加强语气] + sol [comfort] + -e [v.] → v. 安慰,慰藉
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position: (5, 4)

正面: consolidate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使联合,统一:to join together into one whole; unite
[例] consolidate several small school districts 合并了几个小的校区
[近] unify, combine, amalgamate
[反] dissolve, sunder, fragment 解散
【考法2】vt. 加固,使安全:to make firm or secure; strengthen
[例] consolidate the defense line 加固防线
[近] enhance, strengthen, fortify, reinforce
[反] abate, attenuate, undermine, weaken 削弱
[派] consolidation n. 合并;加固
symbol: [kən'sɑ:lɪdeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，solid（n 固体；adj 结实的）－使城墙上的每一块砖都很结实－巩固
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together, 或加强语气] + solid [n. 固体] + -ate [v.], 使…在一起成为一个固体、整体 → v. 使联合,统一;加固,使安全
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position: (5, 4)

正面: consonant
definition: 【考法】adj. 和谐一致的:being in agreement or harmony; free from elements making for discord
[例] His performance was rarely consonant with his reputation. 他的表现与名气大不相符。
[近] harmonious, compatible, congenial, consistent, congruous, correspondent
[反] conflicting, dissonant, discrepant, inconsistent 不和谐的,不一致的
[派] consonance n. 和谐,一致
symbol: ['kɑ:nsənənt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together] + son [sound] + -ant [a.], (make) sound together, of the same sound → a. 和谐一致的
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position: (5, 4)

正面: conspicuous
definition: 【考法】adj. 显而易见的;吸引人的:obvious to the eye or mind; attracting attention
[例] a conspicuous change in her appearance 她外貌的明显改变
[近] apparent, clear, distinct, evident, manifest, plain, patent, noticeable
[反] hidden, concealed 隐藏的
[派] conspicuousness n. 显然,明显性
symbol: [kən'spɪkjuəs]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，spic看，uous多－有很多地方都可以让大家看到－显著的
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together] + spic [spect, look] + - (u) ous [a.], 大家都能看见 → a. 显而易见的;大家都去看 → a. 吸引人的
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position: (5, 5)

正面: conspire
definition: 【考法】v. 合谋,秘谋:to plan together secretly to commit an illegal or wrongful act or accomplish a legal purpose through illegal action
[例] A group of POWs conspired to abscond. 一批战俘密谋潜逃。
[近] plot, contrive, connive, cogitate, intrigue, put up
[派] conspiracy n. 密谋
symbol: [kən'spaɪər]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，spire呼吸－共同呼吸就是一个鼻孔出气－搞阴谋
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together] + spir [breathe] + -e [v.], breathe together, 串通一气 → v. 合谋,密谋
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position: (5, 5)

正面: constitute
definition: 【考法1】vt. 指派,任命:to appoint to an office, function, or dignity
[例] He was constituted manager. 他被任命为经理。
[近] nominate, designate, authorize
[反] discharge, dismiss 撤除职务;abdicate, resign 退位,辞职
【考法2】vt. 构成:make up, form, compose
[例] Water constitutes the greater part of the human body. 人体中包含着大量的水分。
[近] compose, comprise, form
[派] constitution n. 构成;宪法;体格
symbol: ['kɑ:nstətu:t]
zhuji: 【记】con一起，stitute建立－建立到一起－构成
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [加强语气] + stitut [stand] + e, stand, 使某人站到某职位 → vt. 指派,任命;stand together [con-], 站到一起 → vt. 构成
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position: (5, 5)

正面: constrain
definition: 【考法1】vt. 限制:to force by imposed stricture, restriction, or limitation
[例] Low temperature constrains the chemical reactivity. 低温降低了化学反应活性
[近] bridle, check, confine, imprison, restrain, trammel
[反] release 释放
[派] constrained adj. 受限的
【考法2】vt. 使人屈服于(压力、感情等):to cause(a person)to give in to pressure
[例] constrained by his conscience to tell the truth 受良心的驱使,他说了实话
[近] coerce, compel, oblige, sandbag
symbol: [kən'streɪn]
zhuji: 【记】con一起，strain（v 紧张；拉紧）－把你们拉到一起作苦工－限制；强迫
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [加强语气] + strain [draw tight], draw tight, 紧紧拉住 (使得无法自由地向外走) → vt. 限制;(通过压力、感情等) 紧紧拉住某人 → vt. 使人屈服于 (压力、感情等)
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position: (5, 5)

正面: constringe
definition: 【考法】vt. 使紧缩:to make narrow or draw together
[例] A styptic pencil stopped the bleeding by constringing the small blood vessels at the site of cut. 止血笔通过挤压伤口处的血管阻止了出血。
[近] capsule, constrict, narrow, compress, squeeze, telescope
[反] broaden, expand, outstretch 扩展,扩宽
symbol: [kən'strɪnʤ]
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together] + string [draw tight] + -e [v.], draw tight together, (肌肉等) 拉紧到一起 → vt. 使紧缩
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (5, 5)

正面: construct
definition: 【考法1】vt. 建造,建立:to form by assembling or combining parts
[例] construct a new library 建一座新图书馆
[近] assemble, build, fabricate, make, produce, rear, set up
[反] demolish, destroy, raze 摧毁
[派] construction n. 建设,建造
【考法2】vt. 创造,想出:to create or think of by clever use of the imagination
[例] He managed to construct a theory that fits all the facts. 他成功提出了一个与所有事实相吻合的理论。
[近] contrive, devise, excogitate, fabricate, vamp up
symbol: [kən'strʌkt]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，struct建立－共同建立－建造
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together] + struct [build up], build up together → v. 建造,建立;创造,想出
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position: (5, 5)

正面: consummate
definition: 【考法1】adj. 专业的,有造诣的:extremely skilled and accomplished
[例] a consummate liar 一个老练的骗子
[近] accomplished, finished, virtuosic, versed, veteran
[反] amateur 业余的
【考法2】adj. 无纰漏的,完美的:complete in every detail; perfect
[例] The difficult aria displayed her consummate skill. 高难度的咏叹调展示了她完美的技巧。
[近] flawless, impeccable, perfect
[反] defective 有漏洞的
【考法3】adj. 最高档次的,最大规模的:of the greatest or highest degree or quantity
[近] maximum, paramount, supreme, top, utmost
[反] minimal 最少量的
symbol: ['kɑ:nsəmət]
zhuji: 【记】cummate＝summit（n 顶点；最高阶层）
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position: (5, 5)

正面: contagious
definition: 【考法1】adj. 传染的:communicable by contact; catching
[例] contagious diseases 传染病
[近] infectious, pestilent, transmissible, epidemic
[反] incommunicable 不传染的
[派] contagiousness n. 可传染性
【考法2】adj.(情绪等)唤起共鸣的:exciting a similar feeling or reaction in others
[例] The enthusiasm of the new club members was contagious. 新成员的热情具有很强的感染力。
[近] catching, spreading
symbol: [kən'teɪʤəs]
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together] + tag [touch] + - (i) ous, touch (together), 通过接触传播 → a. 传染的;touching, 触碰心灵 → a. (情绪等) 唤起共鸣的
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position: (5, 5)

正面: contaminate
definition: 【考法】vt. 污染,感染:to soil, stain, corrupt, or infect by contact or association
[例] Bacteria contaminated the wound. 细菌感染了伤口。
[近] pollute, defile, taint, infect
[反] purify, sanitize 净化
[派] contamination n. 污染;contaminant n. 污染物
symbol: [kən'tæmɪneɪt]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，tamin拼：他们，ate吃：他们共同用一份餐具吃饭－污染自己；吃完了还乱扔－污染环境。
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position: (5, 5)

正面: content
definition: 【考法1】[kən'tent] vt. 使满足:to appease the desires of
[例] One glass of beer every day could content him. 每天一杯啤酒就能满足他。
[近] satisfy, gratify, rejoice
[反] discontent 不满足
[派] contented adj. 满足的
【考法2】['kɑ:ntent] n. 主题:a major object of interest or concern(as in a discussion or artistic composition)
[例] Although I appreciate the poem's lyrical qualities, I don't understand its content. 虽然我很欣赏这首诗歌的节奏美,但我无法理解其主题。
[近] motive, subject, theme, topic
【考法3】n. 内容,内涵:the idea that is conveyed or intended to be conveyed to the mind by language, symbol, or action
[例] The speech was filled with fancy words but devoid of any real content. 这篇演讲辞藻华丽,但是没什么实质性内容。
[近] intention, purport, sense, significance
symbol: None
zhuji: 【记】con共同，tent拉－全部拉开－全身舒展－满意
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together] + tent [hold], hold together, 使一个人持有所有想要的 → vt. 使满足;(一本书中、一场讲座等) 包含的东西 → n. 主题;内容,内涵
[注] 注意区分content和contend: content来自contain [包含] 的变形——做决策时“包含”某人要求即“使那个人满足”,包含的东西即主题和内容;而contend表示“一起 [con-] 伸 [tend] 手抢”,即竞争。
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position: (5, 5)

正面: contentious
definition: 【考法1】adj. 引起争论的:likely to cause contention; argumentative
[例] contentious contents in a movie 电影中引发争论的内容
[近] controversial, disputatious, polemical
【考法2】adj. 好争论的,好战的:exhibiting an perverse and wearisome tendency to quarrels and disputes
[例] The Tartars were a contentious people who terrorized much of Asia and eastern Europe during the Middle Ages. 鞑靼是一个好斗的民族,他们在中世纪时期统治了亚洲和东欧的大片土地。
[近] belligerent, bellicose, combative, truculent, litigious, pugnacious, scrappy
[反] dovish, peace-loving 爱好和平的
symbol: [kən'ten∫əs]
zhuji3000: 【记】 来自contend [竞争; 声明], - (i) ous是形容词后缀, 争论的 → a. 引起争论的;好争论的,好战的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (5, 6)

正面: contiguous
definition: 【考法】adj. 接壤的,相邻的:sharing an edge or boundary; touching
[例] contiguous nations at war 交战中的邻国
[近] adjacent, abutting, neighboring, juxtaposed, verging
[反] apart, separate 分开的
[派] contiguity n. 接壤
symbol: [kən'tɪgjuəs]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，tig接触，uous多－共同接触很多－接壤的
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together] + tig [tag, touch] + - (u) ous, (一起) 接触 → a. 接壤的,相邻的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (5, 6)

正面: contort
definition: 【考法】vt. 扭曲:to twist, wrench, or bend severely out of shape
[例] a contorted version of the truth 被歪曲的真相
[近] deform, distort, warp, misshape
[派] contortion n. 扭曲
symbol: [kən'tɔ:rt]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，tort弯曲－共同弯曲－扭曲
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [加强语气] + tort [twist], twist (shape) → vt.扭曲
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (5, 6)

正面: contract
definition: 【考法1】['kɑ:ntrækt] n. 契约,合同:a binding agreement between two or more persons or parties, especially one that is written and enforceable by law
[例] a billion-dollar contract from Department of Defense 来自国防部的巨额合同
[近] agreement, compact, convention, treaty
【考法2】[kən'trækt] v. 收缩:to reduce in size by drawing together; shrink
[例] contract muscle 收缩肌肉
[近] compress, condense, concentrate
[反] expand 扩展;inflate 膨胀
【考法3】v. 感染疾病:to become affected by a disease or disorder
[例] He contracted a severe cold that later turned into pneumonia. 他染上了重感冒,最终发展成为肺炎。
[近] catch, get, sicken
[反] heal 痊愈
symbol: None
zhuji: 【记】con共同，tract拉－拉到一起－收缩；把人拉到一起－签合同
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position: (5, 6)

正面: contravene
definition: 【考法】vt. 违反,反对:to violate, to oppose in argument: contradict
[例] contravene the proposal with no reservation 毫无保留地反对这一提案
[近] breach, infringe, transgress, fracture, deny, contradict, gainsay, reject
[反] uphold, support, buttress 支持;comply, conform, observe 顺从
[派] contravention n. 反对;违反,触犯
symbol: [ˌkɑ:ntrə'vi:n]
zhuji: 【记】contra反，vene走－反着你的意思走－违背
zhuji3000: 【根】 contra- [against] + ven [come] + -e [v.], come against → vt. 违反,反对
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (5, 6)

正面: contrite
definition: 【考法】adj.(因为有罪孽或过错而感到)后悔悲痛的:feeling or showing sorrow and remorse for a sin or shortcoming
[例] too late to feel contrite 现在后悔为时已晚
[近] compunctious, regrettable, remorseful, apologetic, penitent, repentant, rueful
[反] impenitent, unrepentant 不知悔改的
symbol: [kən'traɪt]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，trite摩擦－做错事后心灵受到摩擦－后悔的
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position: (5, 6)

正面: contumacious
definition: 【考法】adj. 不服从的,倔强的:stubbornly disobedient; rebellious
[例] Contumacious insurgents refuse to talk. 不愿服从命令的叛军拒绝对话。
[近] balky, contumacious, defiant, insubordinate, intractable, obstreperous, rebellious, recalcitrant, refractory, restive, ungovernable, unruly, untoward, wayward, willful
[反] obedient, docile, ruly 顺从的
[派] contumacy n. 不服从,反抗
symbol: [ˌkɑ:ntu'meɪ∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，tum肿胀，骄傲，acious多－很骄傲的－不服从的con共同，tuma拼：吐沫－一起往领导身上吐吐沫－违抗的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (5, 6)

正面: conundrum
definition: 【考法】n. 无法解决的问题,迷:a paradoxical, insoluble, or difficult problem; a dilemma
[例] a difficult conundrum even for the experts 一道即便是专家也束手无策的难题
[近] enigma, mystery, puzzlement, riddle, secret
symbol: [kə'nʌndrəm]
zhuji: 【记】con全部，undrum＝under＋drum（n 鼓）：全部蒙在鼓里－谜语
zhuji3000: 【联】 con- [together] + un (d) [under] + drum [鼓], “都蒙在鼓里” → n. 无法解决的问题,迷
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (5, 6)

正面: convalesce
definition: 【考法】vi. 渐渐康复,渐愈:to recover health and strength gradually after sickness or weakness
[例] the time needed to convalesce after an operation 手术后需要用来康复的时间
[近] heal, recover, recuperate, recoup, snap back
[反] aggravate, deteriorate, intensify 恶化,加剧
symbol: [ˌkɑ:nvə'les]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，val强壮，esce开始…的－开始强壮－康复
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [加强语气] + val [strong] + -esce [v., become], become strong → vi. 渐渐康复,渐愈
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (5, 6)

正面: convenience
definition: 【考法】n. 便利,方便:fitness or suitability for performing an action or fulfilling a requirement
[例] the convenience of living in megacity 住在大城市的便利
[近] accommodation, amenity, ease, facility
[反] burden, millstone 负担
[派] convenient adj. 方便的,便捷的
symbol: [kən'vi:niəns]
zhuji: 【记】con全部，vene来－全部能来没有障碍－方便
zhuji3000: 【参】 convenient [a. 方便的] 名词形式 → n. 便利,方便
【根】 con- [together] + ven [come] + i + -ence [n.], come together, “人多力量大,办事方便” → n. 便利,方便
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position: (5, 6)

正面: convention
definition: 【考法1】n. 常规,习俗:general agreement on or acceptance of certain practices or attitudes
[例] By convention, north is at the top of most maps. 按照常规,北方在大多数地图的上部。
[近] custom, ritual, manner
[反] deviation 背离(习俗)
[派] conventional adj. 传统习俗上的
【考法2】n. 公约,协议:a general agreement about basic principles or procedures
[例] Under this circumstance Geneva convention does not comply. 此情形下《日内瓦公约》无效。
[近] treaty, agreement, compact, contract
【考法3】n. 大会,集会:a coming together of a number of persons for a specified purpose
[例] attend a convention of mathematicians in California 参加加州的一次数学家集会
[近] assembly, congress, council, gathering
symbol: [kən'ven∫n]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，vent来：共同来到一起开政治大会
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together] + vent [come] + -ion [n.], come (accepted) together, 大家都接受的东西 → n. 常规,习俗;公约,协议;come together, 人们来到一起 (开会) → n. 大会,集会
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position: (5, 7)

正面: converge
definition: 【考法】v. 汇集,交汇于一点:tending to move toward one point or one another
[例] The main streets converge on a central square. 众主干道在中央广场交汇。
[近] meet, focus, concentrate
[反] diverge, deviate, digress 分离,分岔
[派] convergent adj. 汇集的;convergence n. 汇集
symbol: [kən'vɜ:rʤ]
zhuji: 【记】con一起，verge转－转到一起－会聚
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together] + verg [turn] + -e [v.], turn together → v. 汇集,交汇于一点
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position: (5, 7)

正面: conversant
definition: 【考法】adj. 熟悉的:having frequent or familiar association
[例] conversant with the accounting system 熟知会计系统
[近] acquaint, aware, familiar, informed, versed
[反] ignorant, unfamiliar 无知的,不熟悉的
[派] conversance n. 熟知,造诣
symbol: [kən'vɜ:rsnt]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，vers转，ant蚂蚁－一堆蚂蚁围成一个圈联欢，这需要一个条件就是他们之间要互相熟悉
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [加强语气] + vers [turn] + -ant [a.], 流畅得像纺锤转似的 → a. 熟悉的
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position: (5, 7)

正面: convert
definition: 【考法1】['kɑ:nvɜ:rt] n. 被改变宗教信仰的人:one that is converted
[近] proselyte
【考法2】[kən'vɜ:rt] vt. 使改变信仰:to bring over from one belief, view, or party to another
[例] European missionaries converted thousands to Christianity. 欧洲传教士使成千上万的人改信了基督教。
[近] persuade, proselytize, bring, lead
【考法3】vt. 改变,转化:to alter the physical or chemical nature or properties of especially in manufacturing
[例] convert water into ice 将水转化成冰
[近] alter, change, transform, transfigure
[派] converter n. 转换器;convertible adj. 可转变的 n. 敞篷跑车
symbol: None
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [加强语气] + vert [turn], turn (into a different form, etc.) → vt. 改变,转化;turn (religion belief) → vt. 使改变信仰n. 被改变宗教信仰的人
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (5, 7)

正面: convex
definition: 【考法】adj. 凸起的:having a surface or boundary that curves or bulges outward, as the exterior of a sphere
[例] A convex function has the property that a line joining any two points on its graph lies on or above the graph. 凸函数具有如下的性质:其图像上任何两点之间的连线都在这两点间函数曲线的上方。
[近] bulging
[反] dent, concave 凹陷的
symbol: ['kɑ:nveks]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (5, 7)

正面: convey
definition: 【考法1】vt. 运输:to take or carry from one place to another; transport
[例] goods conveyed by sea 海路运输的货物
[近] carry, transfer, ferry, transmit
【考法2】vt. 传递,交流:to impart or communicate by statement, suggestion, gesture, or appearance
[例] He was struggling to convey his feelings. 他正在挣扎着表达他的情感。
[近] conduct, communicate, impart, pass on
[反] withhold 隐瞒
symbol: [kən'veɪ]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (5, 7)

正面: conviction
definition: 【考法1】n. 深信,确信:the state of being convinced
[例] a warrior of strong conviction 一名信念坚定的战士
[近] assurance, certainty, certitude
[反] dubiety, incredulity 怀疑;uncertainty, incertitude 不确定性
【考法2】n. 证明有罪:state of being found or proved guilty
[例] evidence that led to the suspect's conviction 证明嫌疑犯有罪的证据
[近] sentence
[反] acquittal 宣告无罪
[派] convict v. 宣判有罪
symbol: [kən'vɪk∫n]
zhuji: 【记】vict征服－被法律征服是定罪；被信仰征服是信念
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position: (5, 7)

正面: convoke
definition: 【考法】v. 召集开会:to bring together by or as if by summons
[例] convoke Parliament 召开国会
[近] assemble, convene, summon, muster
[反] adjourn 休会
symbol: [kən'voʊk]
zhuji: 【记】con一起，voke＝call喊，召集：召集到一起开会
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together] + voke [call], call (people) together → v. 召集开会
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (5, 7)

正面: convoluted
definition: 【考法】adj. 复杂的,费解的:complicated; intricate
[例] a convoluted way of describing a simple mechanism 用令人费解的方法解释一个简单的原理
[近] complex, knotty, involved, sophisticated, twisted, tangled, labyrinthine
[反] straightforward 直截了当的
symbol: ['kɑ:nvəlu:tɪd]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，volut转－共同转－把大家转的晕头转向的－费解的
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together] + volu [volv, roll] + t + ed [a.], roll together, 卷在一起的 → a. 复杂的,费解的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (5, 7)

正面: convulsion
definition: 【考法1】n. 痉挛(强烈的、无法控制的肌肉收缩):an abnormal violent and involuntary contraction of the muscles
[例] Convulsions are usually accompanied by loss of consciousness. 痉挛常常伴随着失去意识。
【考法2】n. 骚乱:a violent disturbance
[例] a regime in convulsion 动荡中的政权
[近] commotion, ferment, tumult, upheaval, clamor, tempest, uproar
[反] serenity, tranquility 宁静
[派] convulse v. 剧烈震动;痉挛
symbol: [kən'vʌl∫n]
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position: (5, 7)

正面: coop
definition: 【考法】vt. 监禁,困于…之中:to confine in a restricted and often crowded area
[例] Those restless kids were cooped up in the house on a rainy. 雨天那些好动的孩子们被困在房子里。
[近] box, cage, corral, encage, enclose, envelop, fence, hedge, immure, include, pen, wall
[反] free, liberate, release 释放
symbol: [ku:p]
zhuji: 【记】把中间两个OO大声的念出来（像不像关在笼子里的鸡的哀鸣）
zhuji3000: 【记】 coop [鸡笼] → v. 监禁,困于…之中
[注] coop与cup [杯子] (杯子将水“束缚”) 同源
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (5, 8)

正面: copious
definition: 【考法】adj. 丰富的,大量的:large in quantity; abundant
[例] a copious harvest 大丰收
[近] plentiful, abundant, ample, gushing
[反] sparse, dearth, scant 稀少的,缺乏的
symbol: ['koʊpiəs]
zhuji: 【记】cop作为词根是丰富的意思copi＝copy，ous多：copy的太多了－丰富多产的
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position: (5, 8)

正面: coquette
definition: 【考法1】n. 调情的女子:a woman who makes teasing sexual or romantic overtures; a flirt
[例] A coquette though she might appear to be at first, Violetta from Verdi's La Traviata is actually yearning for true love. 乍看之下,威尔第歌剧《茶花女》中的维奥莱塔是一个轻浮的女子,但实际上她渴望真爱。
[近] vamp, flirt
【考法2】v. 调情;不认真对待:to flirt; to deal with something playfully rather than seriously
[例] He is interested only in coquetting with her, not marrying her. 他只想与她保持暧昧关系,而不结婚。
[近] trifle, dally, flirt, mess around
[派] coquet v. 不认真对待,调情;coquettish adj. 调情的
symbol: [koʊ'ket]
zhuji: 【记】co共同，que拼：缺，tte她：男生们注意！我们共同缺的就是…女生们注意！你们共同缺的是卖弄风情的男子（coquet）可惜这是法文，背了也没用J
zhuji3000: 【源】 coquette [n. 调情的女子 v. 调情,不认真对待] 与cock [公鸡] 同源 (ck=qu, 发k音),-ette是法语后缀 (-et [小] 的女性化后缀,如cigarette [香烟]),coquet比喻“喜欢卖弄风骚的男子,像小公鸡一样 (趾高气昂地挺着胸脯走),吸引异性”。
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (5, 8)

正面: cordon
definition: 【考法1】n. 警戒线:a line or ring of police, soldiers, or vehicles preventing people from entering an area
[例] a cordon of police 警察围成的警戒线
[近] perimeter
【考法2】v. 围成一道防线:to form a protective or restrictive cordon around
[例] cordon off the area around the explosion scene 在爆炸现场周边设置警戒线
[近] close, obstruct, block
symbol: ['kɔ:rdn]
zhuji: 【记】cord（n 绳索），on：有一条绳子在上边阻止人的通过－警戒线
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position: (5, 8)

正面: cornucopia
definition: 【考法】n. 大量:an overflowing store; an abundance
[例] a cornucopia of employment opportunities 大量的就业机会
[近] plentitude, plethora, wealth, profusion, affluence
[反] lack, pittance, deficiency 缺乏,少量
symbol: [ˌkɔ:rnju'koʊpiə]
zhuji: 【记】corn角，copia＝copy丰富－象征丰饶的角
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position: (5, 8)

正面: coronation
definition: 【考法】n. 加冕,加冕礼:the act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign or the sovereign's consort
[例] Two different musical pieces by Mozart(a piano concerto and a mass)are both titled“Coronation”. 莫扎特两部不同的音乐作品(一部钢琴协奏曲和一部弥撒)都被称作“加冕”。
[近] enthronement, crowning
[反] abdication 退位
[派] coronate v. 加冕
symbol: [ˌkɔ:rə'neɪ∫n]
zhuji: 【记】coro角，nation国家：在国家领导人的头上放一个羊角似的东西－加冕
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position: (5, 8)

正面: corporeal
definition: 【考法1】adj. 肉体的:not spiritual
[例] corporeal suffering 肉体上的折磨
[近] bodily, carnal, corporal, somatic, physical, fleshly
[反] spiritual 精神上的
【考法2】adj. 有形的,实体的:not immaterial or intangible
[近] material, physical, substantial, sensible, tangible
[反] intangible, disembodied, immaterial 无形的,无实体的
symbol: [kɔ:r'pɔ:riəl]
zhuji: 【记】corpor躯体，eal＝real－真的躯体－有形的，肉体的
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position: (5, 8)

正面: corroborate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 用证据或权威证实:to support with evidence or authority; make more certain
[例] new evidence to corroborate the defendant's story 能证实被告的故事的新证据
[近] confirm, authenticate, justify, substantiate, validate, verify
[反] controvert, contradict, deny [反]驳,否认
【考法2】vt. 为…提供证据,支持:to provide evidence or information for(as a claim or idea)
[例] My personal experience does not corroborate your faith in the essential goodness of people. 我的经历可不赞同你关于“人性本善”的信念。
[近] back, bolster, buttress, reinforce, support
[派] corroboration n. 证实
symbol: [kə'rɑ:bəreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】robor力量（读：萝卜）－加强力量－支持，强化cor共同，robor＝robot机器人，ate吃：一堆机器人一起吃饭，为了增强体力，建设祖国。
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position: (5, 8)

正面: corrosive
definition: 【考法1】adj. 腐蚀性的:tending to destroy slowly by chemical action
[例] Concentrated sulfur acid is highly corrosive. 浓硫酸有极强的腐蚀性。
[近] erosive, caustic
[反] noncorrosive 无腐蚀性的
[派] corrosion n. 侵蚀
【考法2】adj. 讽刺性的:bitingly sarcastic
[例] corrosive satire 讽刺性的作品
[近] sarcastic, barbed, acerbic, satiric, acrid, mordant, tart
symbol: [kə'roʊsɪv]
zhuji: 【记】源于：erosive（adj 侵蚀性的）
zhuji3000: 【根】 cor- [com-, 加强语气] + ros [rod, 咬] + -ive [a.], “咬的” (咬物品, 使表皮脱落; “咬人”, 尖刻, 使人难堪) → a. 腐蚀性的;讽刺性的
[注] 近义词caustic [a. 腐蚀性的; 挖苦讽刺的, 刻薄的]
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position: (5, 8)

正面: corrugated
definition: 【考法】adj. 褶皱的:shaped into a series of regular folds that look like waves
[例] corrugated paper 褶皱的纸
[近] wrinkled, creased, folded
[反] smooth 光滑的
[派] corrugation n. 褶皱,折痕
symbol: ['kɔ:rəgeɪtɪd]
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position: (5, 8)

正面: cosmopolitan
definition: 【考法】adj. 有世界性眼光的,包容的:having worldwide rather than limited or provincial scope or bearing
[例] a cosmopolitan traveler 云游四海的旅行者
[近] universal, catholic, global, worldwide
[反] insular, provincial 狭隘的
[派] cosmopolitism n. 世界主义,天下主义
symbol: [ˌkɑ:zmə'pɑ:lɪtən]
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position: (5, 9)

正面: cosset
definition: 【考法】vt. 宠爱:to treat as a pet; pamper
[近] caress, cuddle, dote, pet, mollycoddle
[反] slight 怠慢;abuse 虐待
[派] cosseted adj. 被宠坏的
symbol: ['kɑ:sɪt]
zhuji: 【记】读：烤死他：如果你溺爱某物，最大的特征就是抱着它，用你的体温温暖它，没想到把它给烤死了。
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position: (5, 9)

正面: countenance
definition: 【考法1】vt. 容忍:to put up with(something painful or difficult)
[例] The college administration will not countenance cheating. 该大学管理部门决不容忍作弊的存在。
[近] abide, endure, stand, stomach, wear
【考法2】vt. 赞成,推崇:to have a favorable opinion of
[例] I don't countenance such behavior in children of any age. 对于任何年龄的孩子,我都不推崇那种行为。
[近] accept, favor, subscribe
[反] disapprove, frown [反]对
【考法3】n. 沉着,冷静:evenness of emotions or temper
[例] The doctor's purposeful countenance was in stark contrast to everyone else's hysteria. 医生带有目的性的沉着与其他人的歇斯底里形成了巨大的反差。
[近] aplomb, calmness, composure, sangfroid, serenity
[反] agitation, discomposure, perturbation 急躁,焦虑
symbol: ['kaʊntənəns]
zhuji: 【记】continent（adj 节制的）－节制的状态－默认的表情－一种容忍的支持
zhuji3000: 【根】 coun [con-, 加强语气] + ten [hold] + -ance [n.], hold (with), put up with → vt. 容忍;hold (with), 持有 (立场) → vt. 赞成,推崇;hold [控制] (emotion), 控制住 (情绪) → n. 沉着,冷静
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position: (5, 9)

正面: counterfeit
definition: 【考法1】adj. 仿制的,假冒的:made in imitation of something else with intent to deceive
[例] counterfeit money 假币
[近] forged, bogus, spurious, pseudo, feigned, artificial, phony
[反] authentic, genuine 真实的
【考法2】vt. 仿制:to make a fraudulent replica of
[例] counterfeit the signature 仿造签名
[近] copy, forge, imitate, simulate, mimic
【考法3】vt. 伪装成:to present a false appearance of
[例] counterfeit a happy expression while visiting a sick friend 在看望患病的朋友时装出一副高兴的样子
[近] affect, assume, fake, pretend
symbol: ['kaʊntərfɪt]
zhuji: 【记】counter反，feit＝fact做－反着法律做东西－伪造
zhuji3000: 【根】 counter [against] + feit [make], make against (the real one) → a. 仿制的,假冒的 vt. 仿制;伪装成
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position: (5, 9)

正面: countermand
definition: 【考法】vt. 取消,撤销:to revoke(a command)by a contrary order
[例] countermand an order 撤销命令
[近] annul, repeal, rescind, revoke, cancel
[反] approve, permit, sanction 批准
symbol: ['kaʊntərmænd]
zhuji: 【记】counter反，mand命令－反命令－撤消命令
zhuji3000: 【根】 counter- [against] + mand [command], against a command → vt. 取消,撤销
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position: (5, 9)

正面: court
definition: 【考法】vt./n. 追求,献殷勤:to seek the affections of
[例] court the young lady by bring her flowers every day 通过每天送花追求那个年轻女孩
[近] woo, pursue, invite
[反] spurn, snub 摒弃,怠慢
[派] courteous adj. 殷勤的;彬彬有礼的
symbol: [kɔ:rt]
zhuji: 【记】读：夸他－追求，献殷勤
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position: (5, 9)

正面: covert
definition: 【考法1】adj. 隐蔽的,秘密的:not openly shown, engaged in, or avowed
[例] covert alliance 秘密联盟
[近] cloistered, hidden, secret, sheltered
[反] open, overt, aboveboard 公开的
【考法2】n. 隐秘掩护所:a place where a person goes to hide or to avoid others
[例] set up a covert from which to watch wildlife without being detected 设立了一个隐蔽的野生动物观测点
[近] concealment, hermitage, hideaway, nest, lair
symbol: ['koʊvɜ:rt]
zhuji: 【记】cover（v 覆盖），t它－盖住的－秘密的
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position: (5, 9)

正面: covetous
definition: 【考法】adj. 贪婪的,渴求财富的:marked by inordinate desire for wealth or possessions or for another's possessions
[例] cast covetous eyes on their neighbors' fields 对他邻居的土地垂涎
[近] acquisitive, avaricious, avid, rapacious, grasping
[反] easily-satiated 容易满足的;unenvious 不艳羡的
[派] covet v. 觊觎,贪婪
symbol: ['kʌvətəs]
zhuji: 【记】cove＝cover盖，t头，ous多：盖头多，也就是娶了一万个老婆，比如阿拉伯那帮混蛋，虽然令人羡慕，但是不能否认它们的贪婪本性。
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position: (5, 9)

正面: cow
definition: 【考法】vt. 恐吓,威胁:to frighten with threats or a show of force
[例] cow sb. into doing sth 威胁某人做某事
[近] intimidate, browbeat, bully, hector, awe
[反] embolden, encourage, inspirit 鼓励
[派] cowed adj. 被吓倒的
symbol: [kaʊ]
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position: (5, 9)

正面: cowardice
definition: 【考法】n. 懦弱,不坚定:lack of courage or resolution
[例] cowardice in the face of danger 面对危险时的懦弱
[近] cravenness, dastardliness, gutlessness, poltroonery, pusillanimity, spinelessness
[反] courage, guts, pluck, intrepidness, nerve, stoutness, valiance, valor 勇气
[派] coward n. 懦夫
symbol: ['kaʊərdɪs]
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position: (5, 9)

正面: cower
definition: 【考法】vi. 畏缩:to cringe in fear
[例] The dog cowered under the table. 狗吓得蜷缩在桌子下面。
[近] fawn, flinch, grovel, quail, recoil, wince
symbol: ['kaʊər]
zhuji3000: 【记】 cow [奶牛] + -er [v.], 奶牛胆小 → 畏缩
[注] 类似地,cow [kaʊ] [v. 恐吓, 威胁] (使“畏缩”); cowardice ['kaʊərdɪs] [n. 懦弱, 不坚定]
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position: (5, 10)

正面: cozen
definition: 【考法】v. 诱骗:to mislead by means of a petty trick or fraud; deceive
[例] The salesman cozened the old lady into buying his goods. 推销员诱使老太太买下了他的东西。
[近] bamboozle, dupe, cheat, deceive, beguile, delude, take in
symbol: ['kʌzn]
zhuji: 【记】和cosy（adj 惬意的）一起记：用使你惬意的手段骗你－哄骗
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position: (5, 10)

正面: cramped
definition: 【考法】n. 狭小的,狭窄的:uncomfortably small or restricted
[例] a cramped cubbyhole in an office 办公室里狭小的隔间
[近] confined, limited, restrained
[反] commodious, spacious 宽敞的
[派] cramp n. 狭窄
symbol: [kræmpt]
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position: (5, 10)

正面: crass
definition: 【考法】adj. 粗俗的,愚钝的:so crude and unrefined as to be in discrimination and sensibility
[例] crass receptionist 粗俗的招待员
[近] coarse, crude, rude, incult, uncouth, vulgar
[反] civilized, polished, refined, urbane, genteel 有教养的
symbol: [kræs]
zhuji: 【记】cr哭，as好像，s死：好像死了，证明还没死呢，那你哭什么呀？你不是愚钝吗？Cry ass（驴）：哭起来跟驴似的－愚钝的
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position: (5, 10)

正面: crave
definition: 【考法】vt. 热望:to have an intense desire for
[例] crave alcohols and cigarettes 渴望烟酒
[近] need, yearn, desire, pine, thirst, itch, long, yen
[反] spurn 摒弃
[派] craving n. 迫切的渴望
symbol: [kreɪv]
zhuji: 【记】crave＝cave＋r（run）：当你钻到一个山洞里，发现有一只cougar（哭歌），这时你就会热切渴望着能run出来。但是，如果你没有跑出来，被困在了山洞里（craven把n看成山洞），你所能干得就是craven（adj 怯懦的；胆小的）
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position: (5, 10)

正面: craven
definition: 【考法】adj. 非常懦弱的,因胆小而遭人鄙视的:lacking the least bit of courage; contemptibly fainthearted
[例] a craven deserter 一个懦弱的逃兵
[近] cowardly, gutless, pusillanimous, spineless
[反] dauntless, fearless, gallant, gutsy, intrepid, stalwart, stout, stouthearted, valiant, valorous 勇敢的
symbol: ['kreɪvn]
zhuji: 【记】cr＝cry，aven象雅芳化妆品：见到雅芳就哭－胆小的craven的人不会brave
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position: (5, 10)

正面: crease
definition: 【考法】n. 折痕:a line made by pressing, folding, or wrinkling
[例] flatten the creases of the map 抚平地图上的折痕
[近] wrinkle, corrugation, fold, furrow
[派] creased adj. 有折痕的
symbol: [kri:s]
zhuji: 【记】create（v 创造，引起）：create a creasecr哭，ease＝easy：很轻松就哭了，就是老哭，脸上能没有皱纹吗？
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position: (5, 10)

正面: credence
definition: 【考法】n. 坚信:firm belief in the integrity, ability, effectiveness, or genuineness of someone or something
[例] give credence to gossip 相信绯闻
[近] belief, credit, faith, trust, reliance
[反] doubt, skepticism 怀疑
symbol: ['kri:dns]
zhuji3000: 【根】 cred [believe, trust] + -ence [n.], (firm) belief → n. 坚信
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position: (5, 10)

正面: credulous
definition: 【考法】adj. 轻信的,易受骗的:disposed to believe too readily; gullible
[例] accused of swindling credulous investors 被控欺骗轻信的投资者
[近] believing, unwary, gullible, naïve, unsuspecting
[反] disbelieving, skeptical 怀疑的
[派] credulity n. 轻信
symbol: ['kreʤələs]
zhuji: 【记】cred相信，ulous多－相信的太多－轻信的
zhuji3000: 【根】 cred [trust] + ul + -ous [a.], 过多地相信的 → a. 轻信的,易受骗的
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position: (5, 10)

正面: creek
definition: 【考法】n. 小溪,小河:a natural stream of water normally smaller than and often tributary to a river
[例] go wading in the creek 在小溪中涉水而行
[近] stream, branch, brook, rivulet
symbol: [kri:k]
zhuji: 【记】娃娃鱼在creek里creep（v 爬行），结果被creel（n 捕鱼篮）抓住了！
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position: (5, 10)

正面: creep
definition: 【考法1】vi./n. 缓慢地行进:to go very slowly
[例] creep through the crowd 在人潮中缓慢前行
[近] drag, loiter, tarry
[反] scurry, run 快步走,跑
【考法2】vi. 匍匐前进:to move slowly with the body close to the ground
[例] The kitten crept silently across the floor before suddenly pouncing on the mouse. 小猫静静地匍匐穿过地板,然后突然向老鼠发起猛扑。
[近] crawl, grovel, slide, slither
[反] swagger 昂首阔步
symbol: [kri:p]
zhuji: 【记】cr，ee看成两只眼睛，p：两只眼睛和p在同一条水平线上－匍匐
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position: (6, 1)

正面: crescendo
definition: 【考法1】n./v.(声音)渐强:a gradual increase in volume of a musical passage
[例] The movement begins with a crescendo of a clarinet. 乐章伴随着渐强的单簧管奏响。
[反] decrescendo(声音)渐弱
【考法2】n.(渐强之后到达的)顶峰:the peak of a gradual increase
[例] Complaints about stifling smog conditions reach a crescendo. 对让人窒息的烟雾的抱怨到达了顶峰。
[近] apex, acme, apogee, climax, crest, peak, pinnacle, summit, zenith
[反] nadir 最低点
symbol: [krə'∫endoʊ]
zhuji: 【记】crescend成长，上升，o表示音乐－音乐渐强
zhuji3000: 【根】 cre [crease, increase] + scend [climb] + -o [n.], climb (up) , increase → n./v. (声音) 渐强 n. (渐强之后到达的) 顶峰
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position: (6, 1)

正面: crest
definition: 【考法】n. 顶部,浪尖,山顶:the top, as of a hill or wave
[例] on the crest of a wave 如日中天,非常成功
[近] apex, acme, apogee, climax, crescendo, peak, pinnacle, summit, zenith
[反] bottom 底部
symbol: [krest]
zhuji: 【记】cr哭，est形容词最高级：哭得最厉害当然是在浪尖上，就像玩海盗船，叫得最厉害的时候，才是最高点。C，rest：联想爬山，只有在爬到了山顶的时候才能休息，野餐！背单词也是一样的，一口气背3个小时再休息。源于：increase增加
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position: (6, 1)

正面: crestfallen
definition: 【考法】adj. 垂头丧气的,沮丧的:dispirited and depressed; dejected
[例] be crestfallen at the failure 因失败而垂头丧气
[近] downcast, dispirited, low, gloomy, melancholic, sorrowful, woeful
[反] elated, buoyant, excited, exhilarated, exultant 激动的,欢悦的
symbol: ['krestfɔ:lən]
zhuji: 【记】crest（n 头盔，鸡冠），fallen（adj 倒下的）－鸡冠下垂，丢盔卸甲－垂头丧气的
zhuji3000: 【根】 crest [鸡冠] + fallen [下垂] → a. 垂头丧气的,沮丧的
[注] crest表示“n. 顶部”,也特指“鸡冠,山顶,浪尖”。可以联想成“增加 [词根crease,参increase] 到最 [-est] 高”,到达“顶部”
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position: (6, 1)

正面: cronyism
definition: 【考法】n. 任人唯亲,对好朋友的偏袒:favoritism shown to old friends without regard for their qualifications
[例] officials practicing cronyism 任人唯亲的官员
[近] favoritism
symbol: ['kroʊniɪzəm]
zhuji: 【记】参考：crony（n 密友）crony读：苦肉你，ism主义：苦肉你主义。我为了达到某个目的让你用苦肉计，但是有一个前提条件，对方必须是个任人唯亲的人，因为这样他相信你以后才会委以重任。试试这个方法：cr哭，on上，y你：趴在你的身上哭：让我当副总经理吧，看在咱们朋友一场的份上。
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position: (6, 1)

正面: crook
definition: 【考法】vt. 使弯曲:to cause to turn away from a straight line
[例] Crook your finger to pull the trigger. 弯曲你的手指来扣动扳机。
[近] arch, bow, curve, hook, swerve
[反] straighten, unbend, uncurl 拉直,伸直
symbol: [krʊk]
zhuji: 【记】creek（n 小河）就是弯弯曲曲的，hook（n 钩子；v 钩）
zhuji3000: 【联】 交叉 [cross] 双臂时手臂是弯曲 [crook] 的 → vt.使弯曲
【联】 形近词hook [钩子] ,另外crook也有“钩状物”的含义
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position: (6, 1)

正面: croon
definition: 【考法】v. 低声歌唱或说话:to sing or speak in a gentle murmuring manner
[例] croon mellow tunes 低声唱柔和的调子
[近] whisper, grumble, mumble, murmur
[反] shout, yell 大声喊叫
symbol: [kru:n]
zhuji: 【记】cr哭，roon＝room：一个人躲在屋子里哭，既然是躲在屋子里哭，肯定是不想让别人知道（可能是考了240），这样声音就会比较温柔。即使你不温柔，我在门外头听着也不会是很大的声音。
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position: (6, 1)

正面: crouch
definition: 【考法】v. 蹲伏:to lower the body stance especially by bending the legs
[例] He crouched behind a rock and watched vigilantly. 他蹲伏在石头后面,警惕地观察着。
[近] huddle, squat
[反] arise, stand 站立
symbol: [kraʊt∫]
zhuji: 【记】比couch（n 长沙发。读：靠吃）多了一个r象一个人坐在沙发上弯腰
zhuji3000: 【记】 来自crook [v. 使弯曲] , 将全身弯曲 → v. 蹲伏
【联】 couch [n. 长沙发 v. 躺着,蹲伏]
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position: (6, 1)

正面: crucial
definition: 【考法】adj. 非常重要的,决定性的:extremely significant or important
[例] a crucial step in his professional career 他职业生涯中具有决定性的一步
[近] critical, decisive, key, pivotal, vital
[反] inconsequential, insignificant, trivial 不重要的
symbol: ['kru:∫l]
zhuji: 【记】cruc＝cross（十字）－十字路口－关键的
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position: (6, 1)

正面: crumple
definition: 【考法1】v. 弄皱:to press, bend, or crush out of shape
[例] crumple a piece of paper 弄皱一张纸
[近] rumple, crimple, crease, fold, wrinkle
[反] smooth 使平滑
【考法2】v.(因外力挤压而)垮塌:to fall down or in as a result of physical pressure
[例] The box crumpled when I accidentally dropped a brick on it. 我不小心扔了块石头在箱子上,它就倒塌了
[近] collapse, founder, implode, tumble, yield
symbol: ['krʌmpl]
zhuji3000: 【记】 参考crook [v. 使弯曲] , “crook ample”, “很多弯曲”, 使 (纸张) 弯曲 → v. 弄皱;使 (建筑物) 弯曲 → v. (因外力挤压而) 垮塌
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position: (6, 1)

正面: crutch
definition: 【考法】n./v. 支撑,支柱:something that supports or sustains
[例] a crutch for local economy 当地的经济支柱
[近] brace, buttress, column, stay, support, underpinning, underpropping
symbol: [krʌt∫]
zhuji: 【记】cr哭，u一个大坑，tch＝teach教：掉进一个大坑里，瘸了，然后我就得教你使用－拐杖
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position: (6, 2)

正面: crux
definition: 【考法】n. 中心,关键点:the basic, central, or critical point or feature
[例] the crux of the problem 问题的核心所在
[近] core, substance, kernel, gist, pivot
[反] trifle, triviality 无价值之物
symbol: [krʌks]
zhuji: 【记】源于cross十字架（被基督徒们视为关键）
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position: (6, 2)

正面: cryptic
definition: 【考法1】adj. 秘密的:secret or occult
[例] cryptic message 秘密的信息
[近] covert, furtive, secret, stealthy
[反] public, open 公开的
【考法2】adj. 含义模糊的:having or seeming to have a hidden or ambiguous meaning
[例] The senator made some cryptic explanations about the military operations. 参议员就军事行动给出了含糊其辞的解释。
[近] ambiguous, equivocal, nebulous, obscure, unclear, vague
[反] clear, explicit, obvious, plain 清晰的
【考法3】adj. 超出理解能力的:being beyond one's powers to know, understand, or explain
[例] They were puzzled by the cryptic e-mail message left on his computer. 他们被他电脑里让人费解的电子邮件所迷惑。
[近] arcane, enigmatic, impenetrable, inscrutable, mystic, occult, uncanny
[反] comprehensible, understandable 可以理解的
symbol: ['krɪptɪk]
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position: (6, 2)

正面: culpable
definition: 【考法】adj. 该受谴责的,有罪的:deserving of blame or censure as being wrong, evil, improper, or injurious
[例] culpable behaviors 该受谴责的行为
[近] blameworthy, censurable, guilty, reprehensible, sinful, reproachable
[反] inculpable, innocent 无罪的
[派] culpability n. 有罪
symbol: ['kʌlpəbl]
zhuji3000: 【根】 culp [guilt] + -able [a.], 可定罪的 → a. 该受谴责的,有罪的
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position: (6, 2)

正面: cultivate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 提升,加强:to improve by labor, care, or study
[例] cultivate the mind 开化心智
[近] educate, instruct, illuminate, nurse
[反] degrade, deteriorate, impair 损坏,降低品质
【考法2】vt. 种植,培养:to promote the growth of(a biological culture)
[例] cultivate vegetables 种植蔬菜
[近] grow, breed, produce, raise, develop, nurture
[反] balk, frustrate, thwart 阻碍
[派] cultivation n. 栽培
symbol: ['kʌltɪveɪt]
zhuji: 【记】cult培养，种植，ivate表动作
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position: (6, 2)

正面: cumbersome
definition: 【考法】adj. 笨重的,难处理的:difficult to handle because of weight or bulk
[例] a cumbersome piece of machinery 一件笨重的机器
[近] unhandy, ponderous, heavy, unwieldy, onerous, thorny
[反] light, weightless 轻的;handy 容易处理的
symbol: ['kʌmbərsəm]
zhuji: 【记】源于：cumber（v 阻碍）cumb＝cub睡，er－睡在路上的人－妨碍行车。
zhuji3000: 【记】 cumber [cumber, 阻碍] + -some [a., tending to], cumber (motion, success) → a. 笨重的,难处理的
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position: (6, 2)

正面: cunning
definition: 【考法1】adj. 狡猾的:marked by or given to artful subtlety and deceptiveness
[例] cunning tactics 狡猾的战术
[近] artful, crafty, devious, foxy, sly, tricky, wily
[反] artless, naïve, unsophisticated 天真无邪的
【考法2】adj.(手工)灵巧的:skillful with the hands
[例] Only the most cunning cabinetmaker could have crafted such a beautifully proportioned chest of drawers. 只有手工超凡的家具工才能打造出如此精致协调的衣柜。
[近] clever, deft, handy
[反] heavy-handed, ham-handed 笨拙的
【考法3】n. 欺诈,欺骗:the inclination or practice of misleading others through lies or trickery
[例] She used cunning and subterfuge to work her way up the corporate ladder. 她通过欺骗在公司中步步攀升。
[近] artifice, deception, fraud
[反] ingenuousness, sincerity 真诚
symbol: ['kʌnɪŋ]
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position: (6, 2)

正面: curmudgeon
definition: 【考法】n. 脾气坏的、爱抱怨的人:an irritable and complaining person
[例] a terrible old curmudgeon 一个坏脾气老头
[近] crosspatch, fusser, griper, grouser, growler, grumbler, whiner
[反] agreeable person 令人愉快的人
symbol: [kɜ:r'mʌʤən]
zhuji: 【记】cur跑，mud泥：跑到泥巴里去－脾气暴躁的人cur流氓，mud妈的，geon真：真他mud流氓－脾气暴躁的人读：cur麻疹，出麻疹是因为脾气暴躁
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position: (6, 2)

正面: cursory
definition: 【考法】adj. 匆忙的,不注意细节的:acting or done with excessive or careless speed
[例] a cursory glance at the headline 匆匆地瞥了一眼标题
[近] headlong, overhasty, pell-mell, precipitate, precipitous, rash
[反] fastidious, thorough, deliberate, unhurried, unrushed 极关注细节的,考虑周到的,不匆忙的
symbol: ['kɜ:rsəri]
zhuji: 【记】curs跑－干事情跑来跑去的，匆匆忙忙的，草草率率的
zhuji3000: 【根】 curs [run] + -ory [a.], 跑的, 快而草率 → a. 匆忙的,不注意细节的
[注] cursive [a. (字迹) 潦草的,草书的] 指“(写字时笔在纸上) 跑 [curs] 的 [-ive]”
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position: (6, 2)

正面: curt
definition: 【考法1】adj. 言词简略的,直接(以至显得粗鲁)的:being or characterized by direct, brief, and potentially rude speech or manner
[例] his curt reply 他简略而略显粗鲁的回答
[近] abrupt, bluff, brusque, downright, unceremonious
[反] circuitous, mealymouthed 迂回的
【考法2】adj. 言简意赅的:marked by the use of few words to convey much information or meaning
[例] On a daily basis she e-mailed to her commanders curt reports on the situation. 她每天向长官做简短汇报。
[近] aphoristic, compendious, elliptical, laconic, pithy, sententious, succinct, terse
[反] diffuse, long-winded, prolix, verbose 冗长啰嗦的
symbol: [kɜ:rt]
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position: (6, 2)

正面: curtail
definition: 【考法】vt. 缩短,削减:to make less in extent or duration
[例] curtail your holiday 缩短你的假期
[近] abbreviate, abridge, syncopate, truncate, cut back
[反] elongate, protract, prolong, extend, lengthen 延长
symbol: [kɜ:r'teɪl]
zhuji: 【记】curt＝cut切，tail尾巴－缩短
zhuji3000: 【联】 cut + tail → vt. 缩短,削减
[注] tail作为词根也有cut [剪] 的含义。例如tailor [裁缝] 就是“剪 [tail] 衣服的人 [-or]”。
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position: (6, 3)

正面: cynic
definition: 【考法】n. 愤世嫉俗者:a person who believes all people are motivated by selfishness
[例] A cynic might think that the governor visited the hospital just to gain votes. 一个愤世嫉俗者认为州长去医院探视仅仅是为了拉票。
[近] misanthrope, naysayer, pessimist
symbol: ['sɪnɪk]
zhuji: 【记】cyn狗，ic－像狗一样活着的人（自制）－犬儒主义者
zhuji3000: 【记】 cyn [狗] + -ic [的 (人) ], 字面含义“像狗一样生活的人”,来自“犬儒主义”学派,其核心哲学思想认为人的动机在于自身的利益,他们希望并号召人们“像狗一样摒弃世俗” → n. 愤世嫉俗者
[注] 词根cyn表示狗,参同源词kennel [n. 狗窝] (首字母c与k读音相同)
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position: (6, 3)

正面: dabble
definition: 【考法】vi. 涉猎,对…浅尝辄止:to work or involve oneself superficially or intermittently especially in a secondary interest
[例] dabble in arts 对艺术稍有涉猎
[反] dedicate, specialize 投入,专门研究
[派] dabbler n. 涉猎者,浅尝辄止者:one not deeply engaged in or concerned with something
[例] He's not a dedicated musician, just a dabbler. 他并不是专门的音乐家, 只不过是个业余爱好者
[反] specialist 专家
symbol: ['dæbl]
zhuji: 【记】总是dabble的人对专业知识了解不深，只会babble（v 说蠢话）因为三心二double意，所以dabble
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position: (6, 3)

正面: daft
definition: 【考法1】adj. 神经错乱的:having or showing a very abnormal or sick state of mind
[例] The king was clearly daft, talking to trees and rocks. 国王俨然已经疯了,对着树和石头说话。
[近] demented, deranged, lunatic, psychotic, unbalanced, unsound
[反] balanced, sane 头脑正常的
【考法2】adj. 不明智的:showing or marked by a lack of good sense or judgment
[例] This is a daft plan, doomed to wretched failure and merciless ridicule. 这是一个不明智的决定,最终难逃悲催的结局和被无情嘲讽的下场。
[近] fatuous, featherheaded, nonsensical, preposterous, senseless
[反] judicious, prudent, sagacious, sapient, wise 明智的
symbol: [dæft]
zhuji: 【记】读：打福特（一种比较牛的汽车品牌）。你说你没事儿打什么福特呀？不仅车牛，里头的人更牛，你不是招抽呢吗？傻！！！
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position: (6, 3)

正面: dais
definition: 【考法】n. 主席台,嘉宾席:a raised platform, as in a lecture hall, for speakers or honored guests
[例] The speaker took his place at the front of the dais. 演讲者在主席台就坐。
[近] podium, rostrum, tribune
symbol: ['deɪɪs]
zhuji: 【记】dai拼：待，s死。待死－当演讲者很不容易，当你站在dais前慷慨激昂的讲话时，也有潜在的危险，比如你讲的很差，就会遭到鸡蛋和西红柿的光顾，更有甚者用石头，所以站在dais前就是待死的过程。"
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position: (6, 3)

正面: dally
definition: 【考法1】vi. 虚度时光:to spend time doing nothing
[例] I kept dallying at my desk until I couldn't put off doing my work any longer. 我一直浪费时间直到作业不能再拖了。
[近] dawdle, loll, lounge, hang around
【考法2】vi. 玩乐:to engage in activity for amusement
[例] He spent his college years dallying, seemingly determined to acquire as little knowledge as possible. 他在大学里面尽情玩乐,不学习。
[近] disport, frolic, recreate, rollick, sport
【考法3】vi. 慢吞吞,磨磨蹭蹭:to move or act slowly
[例] Don't dally on the way to the interview. 别在去面试的路上磨磨蹭蹭。
[近] crawl, creep, dillydally, drag, lag, linger, loiter, tarry
[反] dash, hasten, scoot, scurry 匆忙
symbol: ['dæli]
zhuji: 【记】dally可以但是不能daily（adj 每日的）；dally away 蹉跎光阴读：大理，段誉在大理dally
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position: (6, 3)

正面: damper
definition: 【考法】n. 抑制因素:one that deadens, restrains, or depresses
[例] Rain put a damper on our picnic plans. 下雨打破了我们的野餐计划。
[反] ameliorator 促进物
symbol: ['dæmpər]
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position: (6, 3)

正面: dandy
definition: 【考法1】n. 纨绔子弟,爱打扮的人:a man who gives exaggerated attention to personal appearance
[例] That dandy was willing to spend thousands of dollars just to get the Hermes Birkin for his girlfriend. 那个纨绔子弟愿意花数千美元,只为他的女朋友买Hermes Birkin的包包。
[近] fop, gallant
【考法2】adj. 最佳的,最好的:of the very best kind
[例] That's a dandy new racing bike. 真是辆最好的比赛用自行车。
[近] awesome, fabulous, superb, sensational, splendid, unsurpassed
[反] atrocious, awful, execrable, lousy, pathetic, wretched 糟糕的,差劲的
symbol: ['dændi]
zhuji: 【记】这个单词你要是能想出来，绝对一辈子也忘不了！可是，我不能说，太那个了，影响我的光辉形象，不过可以提醒你一下：分成dan和dy，再用成熟人的思维想一想！！
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position: (6, 3)

正面: dank
definition: 【考法】adj. 阴湿的:slightly or moderately wet
[例] Vegetables tended to go bad quickly in the dank cellar. 蔬菜在潮湿的地下室很容易变坏。
[近] damp, wettish
symbol: [dæŋk]
zhuji: 【记】读：蛋壳。你们没有留着蛋壳的癖好吧，用完了就扔到垃圾桶里，你们家的垃圾桶也不会放在阳光明媚的地方吧，垃圾桶里肯定是又阴又湿。因为sank（vi 沉下的过去式），所以dank
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position: (6, 3)

正面: dapper
definition: 【考法】adj. 衣冠整洁的:being strikingly neat and trim in style or appearance
[例] The students all looked very dapper in their uniforms. 学生们穿着校服显得非常整洁。
[近] natty, sharp, snappy, spruce
[反] frowsy, unkempt, slovenly 不整洁的
symbol: ['dæpər]
zhuji: 【记】读：待破，即有待于破，也就是还没破，就是很整洁漂亮时髦！
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position: (6, 3)

正面: dappled
definition: 【考法1】adj. 有斑点的,花的:marked with small spots or contrasting with the background; mottled, spotted
[例] a dappled fawn 一只小花鹿
[近] blotchy, mottled, specked, piebald, splotched, stippled, spotted
[反] unspotted 没有斑点的
【考法2】adj. 色彩斑斓的:having blotches of two or more colors
[例] a forest that was vibrant with the dappled foliage of autumn 充满秋天的生机、色彩斑斓的森林
[近] marbled, mottled, piebald, pinto, splotched
symbol: ['dæpld]
zhuji: 【记】中间有一个apple（苹果上一般都有斑点）
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position: (6, 4)

正面: daredevil
definition: 【考法1】adj./n. 大胆鲁莽的(人):foolishly adventurous or bold
[例] His daredevil stunts are sure to end in disaster someday. 玩火者必自焚。
[近] audacious, brash, madcap, overbold, reckless, temerarious
[反] circumspect, guarded, heedful, prudent, wary 小心谨慎的
【考法2】adj. 不考虑后果的:having or showing a lack of concern for the consequences of one's actions
[例] a daredevil driver who thinks that racing on city streets is a harmless game 不计后果的司机认为在大街上飙车对人无害
[近] foolhardy, irresponsible, harum-scarum
[反] responsible 负责任的
symbol: ['derdevl]
zhuji: 【记】dare（v 胆敢）；devil（n 魔鬼；恶魔）－胆敢和恶魔牛－胆大的
zhuji3000: 【根】 dare [大胆的] + devil [魔鬼,家伙] → a./n. 大胆鲁莽的 (人);不考虑后果的
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position: (6, 4)

正面: dart
definition: 【考法1】vi. 突然移动,猛冲,狂奔:to move suddenly and rapidly
[例] The dog darted across the street. 狗飞奔过马路。
[近] flitter, flutter
【考法2】n. 公开侮辱:an act or expression showing scorn and usually intended to hurt another's feelings
[例] The darts flew fast and furiously when the two former lovers bumped into each other at the party. 旧情人在party上偶遇,立马开始激烈的人身攻击。
[近] affront, barb, offense, sarcasm, slight, slur
symbol: [dɑ:rt]
zhuji: 【记】读：打他。用什么？飞镖。
zhuji3000: 【联】 dart [n. 飞镖], 读音联想“打他” → v. 突然移动,猛冲,狂奔;公开侮辱
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position: (6, 4)

正面: daunt
definition: 【考法】vt. 使胆怯,吓倒:to lessen the courage or confidence of
[例] She was not at all daunted by the size of the problem. 她根本没有被问题的大小给吓倒。
[近] demoralize, dishearten, dismay, dispirit, frustrate, unnerve
[反] embolden, make resolute, hearten 使大胆,鼓舞
[派] dauntless, undaunted adj. 无畏的,大胆的
[反] pusillanimous, trepid, craven, easily discouraged, meek, timorous 胆怯的
symbol: [dɔ:nt]
zhuji: 【记】da打，aunt姑奶奶：人家都一大把年纪了，别吓唬她了！D大，aunt是个母老虎－威吓，使畏缩
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position: (6, 4)

正面: dawdle
definition: 【考法1】v. 闲荡,虚度光阴:to spend time idly
[例] dawdle the day away 闲荡一天
[近] bum, dally, loll, loaf, lounge, hang about, kick around
[反] hie 匆忙,抓紧
【考法2】v. 拖拖拉拉:to move or act slowly
[例] If you continue to dawdle, we'll be late for sure. 你要是再拖拉,我们铁定要迟到了。
[近] crawl, creep, dally, dillydally, lag, linger, loiter, tarry
[反] bolt, hasten, course, dash, speed, scurry 匆忙,疾行
symbol: ['dɔ:dl]
zhuji: 【记】读：兜兜，即饭后的兜兜弯－闲逛
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position: (6, 4)

正面: deadpan
definition: 【考法】n. 无趣的,无生气的,不活泼的:marked by impassively matter-of-fact, as in style, behavior, or expression
[例] a deadpan comedy 一个没有笑点的喜剧
[近] expressionless, impassive, inexpressive, stolid, vacant
[反] demonstrative, expressive 有表现力的
symbol: ['dedpæn]
zhuji: 【记】dead死，pan平底锅：面部表情象死了的平底锅－冷若冰霜
zhuji3000: 【根】 dead [死的] + pan [盘,平底锅,比喻“脸”],死板的脸 → a. 无趣的,无生气的,不活泼的
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position: (6, 4)

正面: dearth
definition: 【考法】n. 供应不足:an inadequate supply
[例] a dearth of evidence 证据不足
[近] want, deficit, insufficiency, paucity, pinch, scantiness, scarcity, undersupply
[反] plethora, spate, copiousness, abundance, adequacy, amplitude, opulence 过剩,丰富
symbol: [dɜ:rθ]
zhuji: 【记】d底，earth：住在地底下，可能不缺石油和煤，但是坑定肯定缺食物。Dear亲爱的th死了－缺乏；短缺老婆，老公
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position: (6, 4)

正面: debacle
definition: 【考法】n. 溃败:a complete failure; fiasco
[例] the debacle of the war 战争的彻底失败
[近] bummer, calamity, catastrophe, cataclysm, fiasco, fizzle, flop, washout
[反] complete success, éclat, blockbuster 大成功
symbol: [deɪ'bɑ:kl]
zhuji: 【记】de向下，bacle阻挡－阻挡不住向下的趋势－崩溃de向下（表示一种卑劣的行为），bac＝back倒退，le乐：用一种卑劣的行为使别人处于倒退的状态，还在旁边幸灾乐祸的。这一定是出现了（突然的、灾难性的、可笑的）崩溃或溃败。
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position: (6, 4)

正面: debark
definition: 【考法】v.(使)下船(飞机、车等);卸(客、货):to unload, as from a ship or an airplane; disembark
[例] The seasick passengers debarked as soon as the ship dropped anchor. 晕船的乘客等到轮船一靠岸抛锚就立即下船。
[近] land
[反] embark 上船,装货
symbol: [di'bɑ:rk]
zhuji3000: 【记】 de- [away, 离开] + bark [n. 树皮,指代船,原始的船直接由树做的] → v. (使) 下船 (飞机、车等);卸 (客、货)
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position: (6, 4)

正面: debase
definition: 【考法】v. 贬低,贬损:to reduce to a lower standing in one's own eyes or in others' eyes
[例] Our failure to win a single game completely debased our image. 我们一场未胜的战绩彻底让我们的形象一落千丈。
[近] abase, debauch, degrade, demean, demoralize, deprave, deteriorate, profane, subvert, vitiate
[反] aggrandize, canonize, deify, elevate, exalt, ennoble 使神圣
symbol: [dɪ'beɪs]
zhuji: 【记】de向下，base低－低下去－贬低
zhuji3000: 【根】 de- [down] + base [底部], 向底部,向下降 → v.贬低,贬损
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position: (6, 4)

正面: debilitate
definition: 【考法】vt. 使衰弱:to impair the strength of; enfeeble
[例] The virus debilitates the body's immune system. 病毒削弱了免疫系统。
[近] devitalize, enervate, enfeeble, prostrate, sap
[反] invigorate, fortify, strengthen, beef up 使有活力,加强
symbol: [dɪ'bɪlɪteɪt]
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position: (6, 5)

正面: debris
definition: 【考法】n. 废墟:discarded or useless material
[例] the unsightly debris left after mining operations had ceased 采煤工程中止后留下来的难看的废墟
[近] dross, dust, litter, offal, refuse, effluvium, junk
symbol: [də'bri:]
zhuji: 【记】我不想活了，让我变成残骸吧！最近股市山河一片绿！我欠的debt又rise了！！！deb＝debt，ris＝rise
zhuji3000: 【联】 de- [down] + bris [brick], brick down, (建筑物破旧得) 砖块掉下 → n. 废墟
[注] bris也可看做break
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position: (6, 5)

正面: debunk
definition: 【考法1】vt. 揭穿…的真面目:to reveal the true nature of
[例] debunk a supposed miracle drug 揭穿所谓的灵丹妙药的真面目
[近] uncloak, uncover, undress, unmask, show up
[反] camouflage, cloak, disguise, mask 继续伪装,掩盖
【考法2】vt. 证明…为假:to prove to be false
[例] a Web site that assiduously debunks urban legends 一个不遗余力证明假传闻的网站
[近] belie, confound, confute, discredit, falsify, rebut, refute
[反] confirm, establish, validate, verify 证明…为真
symbol: [ˌdi:'bʌŋk]
zhuji: 【记】de去掉，bunk＝bank岸－去掉岸－暴露（洪水）de去掉，bunk＝bank银行－暴露（出金库）
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position: (6, 5)

正面: debut
definition: 【考法】n. 初次登台,出道:a first public appearance
[例] made her single debut 完成了她的处女秀
[反] farewell performance 告别演出
symbol: [deɪ'bju:]
zhuji: 【记】de去掉，but。去掉but？导演Z（平静）：你可以上台了。女演员F：but我还没准备好呢？Z（有点儿烦）：哪那么多事儿呀，快点儿！F：but我这可是第一次！Z（强忍）：谁没有第一次呀，快！F：but…，Z（已经怒了）：哪XX那么多but呀，全都给我de掉，再不上去我就X人了！！！
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position: (6, 5)

正面: decadence
definition: 【考法】n. 衰落,颓废:a process, condition, or period of deterioration or decline; a change to a lower state or level
[例] The book condemns the decadence of modern society. 该书批判了现代社会的堕落。
[近] degeneracy, degeneration, degradation, deterioration, downfall, eclipse
[反] ascent, rise, upswing 提高,提升
symbol: ['dekədəns]
zhuji: 【记】decade（n 十年）经济增长就会进入衰退。
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position: (6, 5)

正面: decant
definition: 【考法】vt. 轻轻倒出:to pour off(wine, for example)without disturbing the sediment
[例] The bottles were uncorked and the wine was decanted an hour before the meal. 瓶塞被打开,美酒在正餐前一小时倒出。
symbol: [dɪ'kænt]
zhuji: 【记】这么变态的单词也考？dec（12月的缩写），ant蚂蚁：有爱好养蚂蚁的吗？到了12月，天气冷了，要把蚂蚁从薄的瓶子里挪到厚的瓶子里，别光顾着给自己加被子！De向下，can罐头，t：罐头向下－轻到
zhuji3000: 【联】 de- [away] + cant [can top, 罐口], 使离开罐口 → vt. 轻轻倒出
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position: (6, 5)

正面: decipher
definition: 【考法1】vt. 破译:to read or interpret(ambiguous, obscure, or illegible matter)
[例] We deciphered the hidden message to find out when we were supposed to meet. 通过破解暗语,我们得知何时要碰头。
[近] break, crack, decrypt, decode
[反] cipher, encipher, encode, encrypt 加密
【考法2】vt. 对…有清晰想法,理解,解读:to have a clear idea of
[例] a convoluted thriller, the plot of which I was never able to actually decipher 一部错综复杂的恐怖电影,情节我一直没有理解
[近] apprehend, perceive, recognize, seize, sense, make out
symbol: [dɪ'saɪfər]
zhuji: 【记】cipher（n 密码）
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position: (6, 5)

正面: decode
definition: 【考法1】vt. 解码:to change(as a secret message)from code into ordinary language
[例] The agents worked into the night to decode the intercepted message from the enemy spy. 情报人员夜以继日地破解从敌方间谍拦截的信息。
[近] break, crack, decipher, decrypt
【考法2】vt. 对…有清晰想法,理解,解读:to have a clear idea of
[例] a complex literary text difficult for many people to decode 一个深奥的文学文本,许多人都无法理解
[近] apprehend, perceive, recognize, seize, sense, make out
symbol: [ˌdi:'koʊd]
zhuji: 【记】code（n 密码）
zhuji3000: 【根】 de- [离开,解开] + code [n.&v. 编码],(与encode [编码] 相反) → v. 解码;引申对复杂事物的“解码” → v. 理解,解读,对…有清晰的想法
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position: (6, 5)

正面: decorum
definition: 【考法】n. 礼仪,得体:appropriateness of behavior or conduct; propriety
[例] High standards of decorum are usually required when attending the opera. 去听歌剧的时候需要遵守高标准的礼节。
[近] form, propriety
[反] impropriety, indecency 不得体
[派] decorous adj. 有礼貌的:marked by propriety and good taste
[例] decorous behavior 得体的举止
[反] mangy, unseemly 低贱的,不得体的
[派] indecorous adj. 不合礼节的
[反] proper 适当的
symbol: [dɪ'kɔ:rəm]
zhuji: 【记】读：待客room，在room里面待客需要举止适宜
zhuji3000: 【记】 decor [decorate, 装饰] + -um [n.], 对于穿着举止等的“装饰” → n. 礼仪,得体
【派】 indecorous [a. 不合礼节的,不得体的]
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position: (6, 5)

正面: decrepit
definition: 【考法】adj. 虚弱的,衰老的,破旧的:weakened, worn out, impaired, or broken down by old age, illness
[例] a decrepit old man 一个虚弱的老年人
[反] vigorous, sturdy, sound, robust, hale 健壮的
symbol: [dɪ'krepɪt]
zhuji: 【记】de向下，crepit破裂－破裂掉－破旧的dec12月，repit＝repeat重复：总是重复12月，共100次，你就是百岁老人了－衰老的de向下，crep＝creep爬（ee和p同水平）：只能爬了－衰老的
zhuji3000: 【联】 de- [down] + crep [creep] + -it [a.], 在下面爬的 → a. 虚弱的,衰老的;破旧的
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position: (6, 5)

正面: default
definition: 【考法】n. 不履行义务,玩忽职守:the nonperformance of an assigned or expected action
[例] default on a loan 拖欠贷款
[近] delinquency, dereliction, misprision, nonfeasance, oversight
symbol: [dɪ'fɔ:lt]
zhuji: 【记】de向下，fault（n 错误）－错误下去－拖债
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position: (6, 6)

正面: defer
definition: 【考法1】v. 推迟,延期:to put off; postpone; defer
[例] We agreed to defer a discussion of the issue. 我们决定推迟问题的讨论。
[近] delay, remit, shelve, hold off, hold over, lay over, put off
【考法2】vi. 遵从:to submit to another's wishes, opinion, or governance usually through deference or respect
[例] defer to her father's wishes 遵从她父亲的意愿
symbol: [dɪ'fɜ:r]
zhuji3000: 【根】 de- [down, 向下] + fer [carry], (将某事的日程) 带到下面 → v. 推迟,延期;(将上面的意见) 带下来 [de-=down] → vi. 遵从
【派】 deference [n. 尊崇,顺从]
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position: (6, 6)

正面: deference
definition: 【考法】n. 尊崇,顺从:a readiness or willingness to yield to the wishes of others
[例] He is shown much deference by his colleagues. 他的同事很尊敬他。
[近] acquiescence, compliancy, docility, obedience, submissiveness
[反] contempt, defiance, disobedience, intractability, recalcitrance 轻视,不服从
[派] deferential adj. 表示尊重的,恭敬的:showing or expressing deference
[反] imperious, impudent 专横无礼的
symbol: ['defərəns]
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position: (6, 6)

正面: deficiency
definition: 【考法】n. 缺乏,不足:the quality or state of being deficient: inadequate
[例] There is a deficiency of fresh food in the diet of many of the working poor. 很多劳工阶层的饮食都缺乏新鲜食物。
[近] want, dearth, deficit, famine, paucity, scantiness, scarcity
[反] surfeit, abundance, adequacy, amplitude, opulence, sufficiency 过度,充足
symbol: [dɪ'fɪ∫nsi]
zhuji: 【记】de坏，fic做－做坏－缺陷
zhuji3000: 【根】 de- [down] + fic [make] + i + -ency [n.], 做得不够 → n. 缺乏,不足
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position: (6, 6)

正面: defile
definition: 【考法1】n.(山间)小道:a narrow passage or gorge
[例] They climbed up the mountain through a defile. 他们通过一条小路爬到山上。
【考法2】vt. 亵渎:to treat(a sacred place or object)shamefully or with great disrespect
[例] Art conservators were careful not to do anything that might defile the holy relic. 公物管理员要防止任何玷污圣迹的行为。
[近] profane, violate
【考法3】vt. 使腐坏,污损:to make unfit for use by the addition of something harmful or undesirable
[例] supplies of meat that had been defiled by maggots 肉已经生蛆了,不能再食用了
[近] befoul, foul, pollute, taint
[反] decontaminate, purify 使纯净
symbol: [dɪ'faɪl]
zhuji: 【记】de表示一种卑劣的行为，file＝vile卑鄙的－弄污de地，file文件：文件掉地上了－弄污
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position: (6, 6)

正面: deft
definition: 【考法】adj. 灵巧的,熟练的:characterized by facility and skill
[例] He finished off the painting with a few deft strokes of the brush. 他简单熟练地用几笔便完成了画作。
[近] cunning, adroit, dexterous, expert, masterful, virtuoso
[反] awkward, maladroit, ham-handed, amateur, artless, unprofessional, unskillful 笨拙的,不精通的
symbol: [deft]
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position: (6, 6)

正面: defuse
definition: 【考法】vt. 抚慰,减轻:to make less dangerous, tense, or hostile
[例] defuse the crisis 平息危机
[反] foment 煽动
symbol: [ˌdi:'fju:z]
zhuji: 【记】de去掉，fuse（n 导火线）
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position: (6, 6)

正面: defy
definition: 【考法】vt. 反抗,违抗:to go against the commands, prohibitions, or rules of
[例] defy the court 蔑视法庭
[近] mock, rebel, oppose, confront
[反] acquiesce, obey, comply with, conform to 默默接受,遵守;capitulate to, submit to, succumb to, surrender to, yield to 屈服
symbol: [dɪ'faɪ]
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position: (6, 6)

正面: dehydrate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 去除水分,使干燥:to remove water from; make anhydrous
[例] She bought a dehumidifier in order to dehydrate the damp basement. 她买了一个除湿器来给地下室除湿。
[近] dampen, desiccate, parch, scorch, sear
[反] hydrate, saturate with water, reconstitute 用水浸润
【考法2】v. 使失去活力:to deprive of vitality or savor
[例] Years of being trapped in a loveless marriage had dehydrated his spirit. 多年不幸的婚姻消磨了他的活力。
[近] deaden, devitalize, enervate, petrify, sap
[反] brace, energize, enliven, invigorate, vitalize, vivify 使生机勃勃
symbol: [di:'haɪdreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】de去掉，hydr水－脱水；
zhuji3000: 【根】 de- [away] + hydr [water] + -ate [v.], make water away → v. 去除水分,使干燥;使失去活力
[注] 词根hydr表示“水”,“水 [hydr] 电解后生成 [gen]”氢气 [hydrogen]
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position: (6, 6)

正面: deify
definition: 【考法1】vt. 把…当作神来崇拜:to offer honor or respect to(someone)as a divine power
[例] Some ancient pagans deified such objects of nature as trees and rivers. 很多古代的异教徒将一些自然事物比如树木、河流当作崇拜对象。
[近] glorify, revere, venerate
【考法2】vt. 过分喜爱:to love or admire too much
[例] materialistic people who deify money 那些眼里只有钱的物质之人
[近] adore, adulate, canonize, dote
【考法3】vt. 尊敬,尊崇:to assign a high status or value to
[例] Valentino was virtually deified by legions of female fans. 瓦伦蒂诺被大批女粉丝崇拜。
[近] aggrandize, canonize, dignify, ennoble, glorify, magnify
[反] abase, degrade, demean, humble, humiliate 贬低,羞辱
[派] deification n. 崇拜
[反] debasement 贬低
symbol: ['deɪɪfaɪ]
zhuji: 【记】以上几个单词的前边发音都是：第一。当然值得崇拜了！
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position: (6, 6)

正面: deject
definition: 【考法】vt. 使沮丧:to lower the spirits of; dishearten
[例] Nothing dejects a TV pundit more than the reality check that nobody cares what he thinks. 没有什么比大家都漠不关心更让电视节目专家沮丧了。
[近] oppress, sadden, weigh down, bum out
[反] brighten, buoy, lighten, rejoice, cheer up 使高兴
symbol: [dɪ'ʤekt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 de- [down] + ject [throw], throw (spirit) down → vt. 使沮丧
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position: (6, 7)

正面: deleterious
definition: 【考法】adj. 有害的:harmful often in a subtle or unexpected way
[例] deleterious to health 对健康有害的
[近] adverse, baleful, baneful, detrimental, mischievous, nocuous, noxious, pernicious
[反] beneficial, salutary, salubrious, wholesome, benign, harmless, innocuous 有益的,安全无害的
symbol: [ˌdelə'tɪriəs]
zhuji: 【记】delete删除，er耳：把耳朵给删除了－对身心有害的
zhuji3000: 【联】 delete [删除] 的形容词形式,引申出“毁灭 [destroy]” → a. 有害的
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position: (6, 7)

正面: deliberate
definition: 【考法】adj. 深思熟虑的:characterized by or resulting from careful and thorough consideration
[例] a deliberate decision 一个慎重的决定
[近] calculated, considered, reasoned, thoughtful
[反] impetuous, casual, unadvised, uncalculated, unconsidered, unstudied 随意的,未经过深思的
symbol: [dɪ'lɪbərət]
zhuji: 【记】de去掉，liber自由－做事谨慎就缺乏自由
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position: (6, 7)

正面: delicacy
definition: 【考法】n.(外貌、结构等)精致:fineness of appearance, construction, or execution; elegance
[例] lace of great delicacy 精致的蕾丝
[近] daintiness
[反] crudity, coarseness, roughness 粗糙
symbol: ['delɪkəsi]
zhuji: 【记】de加强，lic引诱－引诱你的东西－美味佳肴
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position: (6, 7)

正面: delirium
definition: 【考法】n. 精神错乱;极度兴奋,发狂:an acute mental disturbance characterized by confused thinking and disrupted attention usually accompanied by disordered speech and hallucinations; frenzied exitement
[例] Shoppers were running around in a delirium the day before Christmas. 购物者在圣诞节前夕疯狂扫货。
[近] agitation, distraction, hysteria, rage, rampage, uproar
symbol: [dɪ'lɪriəm]
zhuji: 【记】deli读：地理－俺是北京人，地理不太好，容易发晕和迷失方向，比如我经常问：北京的首都是哪里？－神志不清
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position: (6, 7)

正面: delusion
definition: 【考法】n. 错觉,妄想:a false idea
[例] This was not optimism, it was delusion. 那不是乐观主义,那是妄想。
[近] hallucination, illusion, unreality, falsehood, misconception
[反] truth, verity 真实
[派] delusive adj. 欺骗的:false, deceptive
[反] transparent 坦诚的
symbol: [dɪ'lu:ʒn]
zhuji3000: 【根】 de- [加强语气,或理解成“down”, 表示消极,贬义] + lus [lud, play] + -ion [n.], play (not serious, thus not real) → n. 错觉,妄想
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position: (6, 7)

正面: deluge
definition: 【考法1】n. 大暴雨:a drenching rain
[反] drizzle 毛毛雨
【考法2】n. 大量:a great flow of water or of something that overwhelms
[例] receive a deluge of offers 收到一大堆offer
[近] inundation, overflow, spate, torrent
symbol: ['delju:ʤ]
zhuji: 【记】de向下，luge＝luv冲洗一倾盆大雨发音特殊：中间有一个“流”－大洪水大人总是delude小孩：deluge来了！！
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position: (6, 7)

正面: delve
definition: 【考法】v. 探究,钻研:to make a careful or detailed search for information
[例] The book delves into the latest research. 这本书深入探究了最近的研究。
[近] probe, investigate, inquire into, look into, dig into
symbol: [delv]
zhuji: 【记】读：待挖－有待于挖掘的东西值得深入刻苦地研究
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position: (6, 7)

正面: demagogue
definition: 【考法】n. 蛊惑民心的政客:a leader who makes use of popular prejudices and false claims and promises in order to gain power
[例] That politician is just a demagogue who preys upon people's fears and prejudices. 那就是一个蛊惑民心的政客,利用民众的害怕和偏见来欺骗他们。
[近] firebrand, fomenter, incendiary, instigator, kindler, provocateur
symbol: ['deməgɑ:g]
zhuji: 【记】dem人民，agog极大的兴趣：对人民有极大的兴趣－煽动政治家
zhuji3000: 【根】 dem [people] + ag [lead] + og + -ue [n.], lead people → n. 蛊惑民心的政客
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position: (6, 7)

正面: demanding
definition: 【考法1】adj. 难取悦的,难满足的:not easily satisfied or pleased
[例] His mother could be demanding at times. 他母亲有时候很难取悦。
[近] exacting, fastidious, finical, finicking, fussy, picky
【考法2】adj. 费时间花心思的:requiring much time, effort, or careful attention
[例] The demanding assignment kept them working all night long. 那项劳神的任务使得他们熬夜。
[近] arduous, burdensome, challenging, exacting, grueling, killing, laborious, onerous, persnickety, taxing, toilsome
[反] light, unchallenging, undemanding 不费劲的,轻而易举的
symbol: [dɪ'mændɪŋ]
zhuji3000: 【根】 demand [demand, 要求] + -ing [a.], 要求 (多或苛刻) 的 → a. 难取悦的,难满足的;要求(时间多) 的 → a. 费时间花心思的
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position: (6, 7)

正面: demolition
definition: 【考法】n. 破坏,毁坏:the act or process of wrecking or destroying, especially destruction by explosives
[例] the demolition of dangerous buildings 危楼的拆毁
[近] annihilation, decimation, devastation, havoc, wreckage
[反] building, construction, erection, raising 建造
symbol: [ˌdemə'lɪ∫n]
zhuji: 【记】demolish（vt 毁坏；粉碎）de去除，moli建立
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position: (6, 8)

正面: demonstrate
definition: 【考法1】vt.(通过证据)证明,表明:to show or make clear by using examples
[例] The paleontologist hopes to demonstrate that dinosaurs once existed in central Peru by unearthing the fossil evidence. 通过发掘化石,古生物学家试图证明恐龙曾经在秘鲁中部生活过。
[近] exemplify, instance
[反] unable to prove 不能证明
【考法2】vt. 使明白易懂:to make plain or understandable
[例] A few striking facts should demonstrate the complex nature of our topic. 一些显著的事实可以使我们的复杂话题变得好懂。
[近] clarify, construe, demystify, elucidate, explicate, illuminate
[反] obscure 使模糊
【考法3】vt. 表现,表露:to make known(something abstract)through outward signs
[例] The babysitter's actions during the emergency demonstrate beyond doubt her general dependability. 保姆在紧急情况下的表现毋庸置疑地展示了她一贯的可靠性。
[近] bespeak, betray, display, evince, manifest, reveal
symbol: ['demənstreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】de加强语义，monst显示一加强显示一证明
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position: (6, 8)

正面: demoralize
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使士气低落:to undermine the confidence or morale of; dishearten
[例] demoralize the staff 使员工士气低落
[近] daunt, dishearten, dismay, dispirit, unnerve
[反] invigorate, cheer 鼓舞
【考法2】vt. 贬低,使堕落:to lower in character, dignity, or quality
[例] We refused to be demoralized by our humiliating defeat. 我们拒绝由于这场屈辱的战败而被贬低。
[近] abase, corrupt, debauch, degrade, demean
[反] elevate, ennoble, uplift 使崇高,提升
symbol: [dɪ'mɔ:rəlaɪz]
zhuji: 【记】de去掉，moral士气一去掉士气
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position: (6, 8)

正面: demotic
definition: 【考法】adj. 通俗的,大众化的:popular, common
[例] demotic entertainments 大众化的娱乐
[反] profound 深奥的
symbol: [dɪ'mɑ:tɪk]
zhuji: 【记】dem人民
zhuji3000: 【根】 dem [people] + ot + -ic [a.], of people, 人民群众的 → a. 大众化的,通俗的
[注] 近义词popular [a. 流行的] 中的词根“pop (ul)”表示“people”
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position: (6, 8)

正面: demur
definition: 【考法1】n./vi. 表示异议,反对:to voice opposition; object
[例] demur at the suggestion 反对提议
[近] challenge, exception, expostulation, fuss, kick, protest, remonstrance, stink
[反] accept, accede 接受
【考法2】n. 犹豫:hesitation(as in doing or accepting)usually based on doubt of the acceptability of something offered or proposed; qualm
[例] We accepted his offer to pay for our dinners without demur. 我们毫不犹豫地同意了他买单。
symbol: [dɪ'mɜ:r]
zhuji: 【记】de，mur墙一竖起一道墙一反对
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position: (6, 8)

正面: denigrate
definition: 【考法】vt. 诋毁,污蔑:to express scornfully one's low opinion of
[例] denigrate one's opponents 诋毁某人的对手
[近] belittle, depreciate, derogate, dismiss, disparage
[反] honor, acclaim, applaud, exalt, extol, glorify, magnify 给以…荣誉,赞扬
symbol: ['denɪgreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】de加强语义，nigr黑一弄黑一诽谤de向下，ni你，grate＝great：使你的伟大向下－侮蔑
zhuji3000: 【根】 de- [down] + nigr [black] + -ate [v.], 向下 (不好的方向) 抹黑 → v. 诋毁,污蔑
[注] 词根nigr表示“黑”,negro [黑人 (的)]
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position: (6, 8)

正面: denouement
definition: 【考法】n.(小说的)结局:the final resolution or clarification of a dramatic or narrative plot
[例] a surprising/unexpected denouement 令人惊奇的、出人意料的结局
symbol: [ˌdeɪnu:'mã:]
zhuji: 【记】de解开，noue＝knot结－解开结一结尾de向下，no没有：小说，戏剧向下就没有了－结局
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position: (6, 8)

正面: denounce
definition: 【考法1】vt. 公开指责:to express public or formal disapproval of
[例] The governor has denounced the court's decision and vows to press for a constitutional amendment. 州长公开指责法庭判决不公,准备投票进行修宪。
[近] condemn, objurgate, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, reprove
[反] cite, commend, endorse 支持,称赞
[派] denunciation n. 谴责:an act of denouncing especially: a public condemnation
[反] panegyric, accolade, eulogy 赞颂,颂词
【考法2】vt. 宣称…道德上错误、可耻:to declare to be morally wrong or evil
[例] The church council denounced the bishop's teachings, officially declaring them to be heresy. 该教理事会指责主教的布道可耻,声称它们是异端学说。
[近] anathematize, censure, execrate, reprehend, reprobate
symbol: [dɪ'naʊns]
zhuji: 【记】de坏，nounce声明一坏声明一公开指责
zhuji3000: 【根】 de- [down] + nounc [announce] + e [v.], announce...down [=bad], vt. 公开指责;宣称…道德上错误、可耻
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position: (6, 8)

正面: dent
definition: 【考法1】n. 凹陷,凹痕:a depression in a surface made by pressure or a blow
[例] a dent in the side of a car 汽车侧面一处凹陷
[近] cavity, depression, hollow, indenture, recess
[反] bulge, convexity, projection, protrusion, protuberance 凸起
【考法2】vt.(数量、程度上)削弱:to make smaller in amount, volume, or extent
[例] Hopefully this vacation won't dent our bank account too much. 但愿这次旅行不会让我们银行存款缩水太多。
[近] abate, downscale, downsize, dwindle
[反] aggrandize, amplify, augment, boost, enlarge, escalate 增大,增强
symbol: [dent]
zhuji: 【记】denture（n 一副假牙）；indented（adj 锯齿状的）
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position: (6, 8)

正面: denude
definition: 【考法】vt. 脱去,使赤裸:to divest of covering; make bare
[例] Drought has completely denuded the hills of grass. 干旱“脱去”了山上的草使山变得光秃秃的。
[反] cover 遮盖
symbol: [dɪ'nu:d]
zhuji: 【记】de使得，nude＝naked赤裸的一脱去
zhuji3000: 【根】 de- [away] + nude [a. 赤裸的], nude → v. 脱去,使赤裸
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position: (6, 8)

正面: deplete
definition: 【考法】vt. 耗尽,使衰竭:to decrease the fullness of; to make complete use of
[例] Miners depleted the vein of copper ore after only a few months. 矿工们在短短几个月内就把一整片铜矿开采完了。
[近] consume, devour, drain, exhaust, draw down, play out, use up
[反] enrich, renew, replace 使富有,更新
symbol: [dɪ'pli:t]
zhuji: 【记】de反，plete填满一反填满一倒空
zhuji3000: 【根】 de- [away] + plet [fill] + -e [v.], fill away → vt. 耗尽,使衰竭
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position: (6, 9)

正面: deplore
definition: 【考法】vt. 哀悼:to feel or express sorrow for
[例] a statement from the bishops deploring the loss of life in the war overseas 一份来自主教们的声明,对海外战争中遇难的生命表示沉痛哀悼
[近] mourn, bewail, grieve for, wail for
[反] delight, exult in, glory in, rejoice in 高兴
symbol: [dɪ'plɔ:r]
zhuji: 【记】读：地破烂－一地的破烂儿－悲痛
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position: (6, 9)

正面: deploy
definition: 【考法】v.(有目的地)展开;调度,部署:to spread out, utilize, or arrange for a deliberate purpose
[例] deploy a sales force 展开部署销售力量
[反] concentrate 集中
symbol: [dɪ'plɔɪ]
zhuji: 【记】de加强语义，ploy用一加强使用部队一部署ploy阴谋，策略：对敌人使用需要部署本拉登employ人deploy恐怖活动
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position: (6, 9)

正面: deportation
definition: 【考法】n. 放逐:the removal from a country of an alien whose presence is unlawful or prejudicial
[例] the deportation of all illegal immigrants 驱逐所有非法移民
[近] banishment, displacement, expatriation, expulsion, relegation
symbol: [ˌdi:pɔ:r'teɪ∫n]
zhuji3000: 【根】 de- [away] + port [carry] + -ation [n.], carry (sb.) away → n. 放逐
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position: (6, 9)

正面: depose
definition: 【考法1】vi. 宣誓作证:to testify to under oath or by affidavit
[例] He was nervous when the time to depose before the jury finally arrived. 他很紧张,在陪审团面前作证的时刻终于到来了。
[近] attest, swear
[反] perjure 作伪证
【考法2】vt. 废黜,罢免:to remove from a throne or other high position
[例] a military junta deposed the dictator after he had bankrupted the country 军阀罢黜了使国家陷入赤贫的独裁者
[近] defrock, deprive, oust, uncrown
[反] crown, enthrone 授予王权
【考法3】vt. 摆放:to arrange something in a certain spot or position
[例] She deposed her fan and gloves on the dressing table. 她把扇子和手套放在梳妆台上。
[近] deposit, dispose, emplace, situate
symbol: [dɪ'poʊz]
zhuji: 【记】de下，pose放－放下去－免职 源于：deposit（v 沉淀）
zhuji3000: 【根】 de- [away] + pos [put] + e [v.], put sb. away (from a throne) , 将…从王位上带走 → vt.废黜,罢免
[注] depose还有“vi. 宣誓作证”的含义
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position: (6, 9)

正面: deposit
definition: 【考法1】n. 自然积累,沉积,矿藏:a natural accumulation(as of iron ore, coal, or gas)
[例] rich deposits of oil and natural gas 丰富的石油和天然气矿藏
[近] dregs, precipitate, sediment, settlings, hoard, reserve
[反] process of eroding 腐蚀过程
【考法2】vt. 存钱:to put in an account
[例] We quickly deposited the check in a bank account. 我们火速把支票存入银行账户。
[反] withdraw 取款
symbol: [dɪ'pɑ:zɪt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 de- [down] + pos [put] + -it [n.], put away (natural resource), 储存 (自然资源) → n.自然积累,沉积,矿藏;put away (money), 储存 (金钱) → vt. 存钱
[注] 词组put away [储存] 的含义引申自 “摆放,将…收起来”
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position: (6, 9)

正面: depravity
definition: 【考法】n. 道德败坏:immoral conduct or practices harmful or offensive to society
[例] He was sinking into a life of utter depravity. 他自甘堕落。
[近] debauchery, iniquitousness, licentiousness, perversion, turpitude, dissoluteness
[反] morality, virtue 美德
symbol: [dɪ'prævəti]
zhuji: 【记】de下，prav坏－向下变坏－堕落；depravity是人性被deprive剥夺的结果
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position: (6, 9)

正面: deprecate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 不喜欢:to hold an unfavorable opinion of
[例] They deprecates TV sitcoms as childish and simpleminded. 他们批评电视情景喜剧既幼稚又脑残。
[近] deprecate, discountenance, disesteem, disfavor, frown(on or upon)
[反] approve, favor 喜欢
【考法2】vt. 贬低,轻视:to express scornfully one's low opinion of
[例] They boys deprecate the comedy as the stupidest movie of the year. 男孩们认为这部喜剧是年度最傻逼电影。
[近] belittle, denigrate, dismiss, disparage, cry down
[反] acclaim, applaud, exalt, extol, glorify 赞扬
【考法3】vt. 降低…的重要性,使低调:play down, to make little of
[例] She deprecated her facility for languages. 她不炫耀自己对于语言的天赋。
[反] vaunt 夸张,吹嘘
symbol: ['deprəkeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】depravity值得deprecate
zhuji3000: 【联】 de- [down] + prec [price] + -ate [v.], 降低价值 → v. 不喜欢;贬低,轻视;降低…的重要性,使低调
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position: (6, 9)

正面: depreciate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 贬低…的价值:to lower the price or estimated value of
[例] New cars start to depreciate as soon as they are on the road. 新车一上路便开始贬值。
[近] cheapen, depress, devalue, downgrade, mark down
[反] appreciate, enhance, upgrade, mark up 提价,升值
【考法2】vt. 轻视:to lower in estimation or esteem
[例] He dared to depreciate Shakespeare, saying his works have no relevance for modern audiences. 他胆敢贬低莎大人,说他的作品对于现代观众来说没有意义。
[近] denigrate, disparage, play down, talk down
[反] acclaim, exalt, extol, glorify, magnify 赞扬
symbol: [dɪ'pri:∫ieɪt]
zhuji: 【记】de下，preci＝price价值－编制
zhuji3000: 【根】 de- [down] + preci [price] + -ate [v.], 降低价值 → v. 贬低…的价值;轻视
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position: (6, 9)

正面: depressed
definition: 【考法1】adj. 不开心的,情绪不高的,消沉的:feeling unhappiness
[例] I was depressed and didn't feel much like going to the party.我感到很沮丧,不想去参加聚会。
[近] crestfallen, dejected, despondent, gloomy, low-spirited, wretched
[反] blissful, buoyant, gleeful, joyous, jubilant 情绪高的
【考法2】adj. 生活境况悲催的:kept from having the necessities of life or a healthful environment
[例] a depressed class of people whose living conditions are abominable even by third world standards 境况悲惨的一群人,即使用第三世界标准来看他们的生存条件也是很糟的
[近] disadvantaged, underprivileged
[反] advantaged, privileged 具有优势的、特权的
symbol: [dɪ'prest]
zhuji3000: 【根】 de- [down] + press [压] + -ed [a.], 向下压的 → a. 不开心的,情绪不高的,消沉的;生活境况悲催的
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position: (6, 9)

正面: deprivation
definition: 【考法】n. 匮乏:the condition of being deprived; privation
[例] serious sleep deprivation caused by long work hours 由长时间工作导致的严重睡眠不足
[反] fecundity 丰饶
symbol: [ˌdeprɪ'veɪ∫n]
zhuji: 【记】de离开，priv＝privat私人的－从私人那里拿走－剥夺
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position: (6, 10)

正面: deracinate
definition: 【考法】vt. 根除:to pull out by the roots; uproot
[反] plant 种植
symbol: [ˌdi:'ræsɪneɪt]
zhuji: 【记】de使失去，rac＝race种族－灭绝种族－根除
zhuji3000: 【联】 de- [away] + rac [race] + - (in) ate [v.], make a race away → v. 根除
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position: (6, 10)

正面: derelict
definition: 【考法1】adj. 玩忽职守的,不认真的:lacking a sense of duty; marked by a carelessly easy manner
[例] The guards were judged derelict in their duty. 守卫们被判玩忽职守罪。
[近] disregardful, lax, neglectful, neglecting, remiss, slack
[反] extremely careful, attentive, conscientious, nonnegligent 特别仔细的
【考法2】n. 被社会遗弃的人:a destitute homeless social misfit
[例] a section of the city that seemed to be frequented mostly by derelicts 这座城市里流浪汉的集中区
[近] deserted, desolate, disused, forgotten, forsaken, rejected
[反] pillar of society 社会的栋梁
symbol: ['derəlɪkt]
zhuji: 【记】de使离开，relict＝relinquish放弃－放弃掉
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position: (6, 10)

正面: deride
definition: 【考法】vt. 嘲弄,嘲笑:to speak of or treat with contemptuous mirth
[例] My brothers derided our efforts, but were forced to eat their words when we won first place. 我的兄弟嘲笑我们的努力,但是当我们得了第一名以后他们不得不收回那些话。
[近] gibe, jeer, mock, scout, shoot down, laugh at
[反] praise 赞美
[派] derision n. 嘲弄:contemptuous or jeering laughter; ridicule
[反] veneration 尊敬
symbol: [dɪ'raɪd]
zhuji: 【记】de坏，ride笑－嘲笑de下，ride骑：骑在马上向下看人－嘲弄，愚弄
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position: (6, 10)

正面: derivative
definition: 【考法】adj. 非原创的:lacking originality: banal
[例] their dull, derivative debut album 他们毫无新意的首张专辑
[近] secondhand
[反] original, innovative, precursory 原创的,先驱的
symbol: [dɪ'rɪvətɪv]
zhuji: 【记】de下面，rive＝river河－下面的河－支流－派生
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position: (6, 10)

正面: descend
definition: 【考法1】v. 下降:to lead or extend downward
[例] The pathway descends to the river bank. 通道一直向下延伸到河岸。
[近] dip, fall, plunge, sink
[反] arise, ascend, climb, mount, upsweep, upturn上升,登上
【考法2】v. 世代相传:to originate or come from an ancestral stock or source, to pass by inheritance
[例] The house has descended through four generations. 这座房子已经传了四代。‖a tradition descending from colonial days 殖民时期传递下来的一项传统
symbol: [dɪ'send]
zhuji: 【记】de下，scend爬－向下爬－下降；参：ascend（v 上升）
zhuji3000: 【根】 de- [down] + scend [climb], climb down → v. 下降;引申义“pass down” → v. 世代相传
【联】 descendant [n. 后代]
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position: (6, 10)

正面: descendant
definition: 【考法】n. 后代:one deriving directly from a precursor or prototype
[例] They are descendants of the original English and Scottish settlers. 他们是最早一批英格兰和苏格兰定居者 的后裔。
[反] forbears 祖先
symbol: [dɪ'sendənt]
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position: (6, 10)

正面: desecrate
definition: 【考法】vt. 亵渎,玷污:to treat(a sacred place or object)shamefully or with great disrespect
[例] desecrate the shrine 亵渎圣地
[近] defile, profane, violate
[反] sanctify, revere, hallow 尊敬,将…视为神圣
symbol: ['desɪkreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】de坏，secra神圣－破坏神圣－亵渎de坏，se色，crate板条箱：破坏装有神物的五颜六色的板条箱－亵渎
zhuji3000: 【根】 de- [opposite of] + secr [sacr, sacred] + -ate [v.], 使不神圣 → v. 亵渎,玷污
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position: (6, 10)

正面: desiccate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使(食物)脱水以保存,使干燥:to preserve(a food)by drying
[例] add a cup of desiccated coconut to the mix 加一杯椰蓉进行搅拌
[近] dehydrate, parch, scorch, sear
[反] add water to, hydrate, drench 加水,浸透
[派] desiccant n. 干燥剂:a drying agent(as calcium chloride)
【考法2】vt. 使缺乏活力:to deprive of emotional or intellectual vitality
[例] That historian's dryasdust prose desiccates what is actually an exciting period in European history. 那位历史学家枯燥无味的散文让欧洲一段扣人心弦的历史变得乏味单调。
[近] castrate, dampen, deaden, devitalize, enervate
[反] brace, energize, enliven, invigorate, stimulate, vitalize 使生机勃勃
symbol: ['desɪkeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】sicc干
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position: (6, 10)

正面: designate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 任命:to pick(someone)by one's authority for a specific position or duty
[例] He has yet to designate his successor as head of the firm. 他还没有给公司选定接班人。
[近] assign, commission, constitute, nominate, place
[反] discharge, dismiss, expel, fire 解雇,开除
【考法2】vt. 命名:to give a name to
[例] He was designated Air Jordan by his fans. 他被粉丝们称为“飞人乔丹”。
[近] denominate, dub, entitle, label, style, term, title
A man is not old as long as he is seeking something. A man is not old until regrets take the place of dreams.
只要一个人还有所追求,他就没有老。直到后悔取代了梦想,一个人才算老。
——美国演员 巴里穆尔(J. Barrymore, American actor)
录取院校:Princeton University运筹与金融工程)
symbol: ['dezɪgneɪt]
zhuji3000: 【记】 de- [加强语气] + sign [assign] + -ate [v.], assign a position to... → vt. 任命;assign a name to... → vt. 命名
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position: (6, 10)

正面: despicable
definition: 【考法1】adj. 令人鄙视的:arousing or deserving of one's loathing and disgust
[例] Even within the prison population, pedophiles are regarded as particularly despicable. 即使在囚犯内部,恋童癖者也是极其让人鄙视的。
[近] contemptible, detestable, dishonorable
[反] admirable, commendable, creditable, meritorious, praiseworthy 值得赞扬的
【考法2】adj. 不荣耀的,不得体的:not following or in accordance with standards of honor and decency
[例] the cad's despicable behavior toward women 公车售票员对女性不得体的举动
[近] currish, dirty, execrable, ignominious, sordid, wretched
[反] honorable, lofty, noble, upright, venerable, virtuous 崇高的
symbol: [dɪ'spɪkəbl]
zhuji: 【记】de向下，spic看－让别人向下看的－可鄙的
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position: (7, 1)

正面: despise
definition: 【考法】vt. 极其不喜欢:to dislike strongly
[例] I despise anchovies on pizza, and I refuse to eat them. 我鄙视披萨上的凤尾鱼,所以从来不吃。
[近] abhor, abominate, detest, execrate, loathe, disregard, flout
[反] love 喜欢
symbol: [dɪ'spaɪz]
zhuji: 【记】de向下，spise＝spic看：向下看－鄙视
zhuji3000: 【根】 de- [down] + spis [spic, look] + -e [v.], look down → v. 极其不喜欢
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position: (7, 1)

正面: despotic
definition: 【考法】adj. 专制的,暴虐的:arbitrary, autocratic, monocratic, tyrannical
[例] a despotic tyrant 专制的暴君
[近] authoritative, dictatorial, imperious, overbearing, peremptory, tyrannous
symbol: [dɪ'spɑ:tɪk]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 1)

正面: desultory
definition: 【考法1】adj. 无计划的,无目的的:lacking a definite plan, purpose, or pattern
[例] a desultory search for something of interest on TV 漫无目的地换台
[近] digressive, excursive, meandering, rambling, wandering
[反] carefully planned, strictly methodical, assiduous 精心计划的,有条理的,专心致志的
【考法2】adj. 令人失望的:disappointing in progress, performance, or quality
[例] a desultory fifth place finish 让人失望的第五名
symbol: ['desəltɔ:ri]
zhuji: 【记】de不，sult拿住－拿不住－散了－不连贯的
zhuji3000: 【根】 de- [down] + sult [leap] + -ory [a.], (leaf) leap down → a. 无计划的,无目的的;(make mood) leap down → a. 令人失望的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 1)

正面: detach
definition: 【考法】vt. 使分离:to separate or unfasten; disconnect
[例] Detach the white part of the application form and keep it. 撕下申请表的白色部分并予以保留。
[反] tether 束缚
symbol: [dɪ'tæt∫]
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position: (7, 1)

正面: detain
definition: 【考法】vt. 拘留,扣留:to hold or keep in or as if in custody
[例] detained by the police for questioning 被警察扣留下问讯
[反] manumit 释放
symbol: [dɪ'teɪn]
zhuji: 【记】de下，tain拿，抓－拿下－拘留
zhuji3000: 【根】 de- [away] + tain [hold], hold (sb./sth.) away, 拿走 (人/物) → vt. 拘留,扣留
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position: (7, 1)

正面: deter
definition: 【考法】vt. 吓住,威慑:to prevent or discourage from acting, as by means of fear or doubt
[例] We wouldn't be deterred by threats. 我们不会被威胁吓住。
[近] dissuade, inhibit
[反] spur, encourage, persuade 激励
[派] deterrent adj./n. 威慑的;威慑力量
[例] deterrent weapons 威慑性武器‖a deterrent to theft 对偷窃的威慑
[反] inducement, incentive 引诱,刺激
symbol: [dɪ'tɜ:r]
zhuji: 【记】读：低头－只有低着头才能产生威慑
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position: (7, 1)

正面: deterioration
definition: 【考法】n. 恶化;堕落:a gradual sinking and wasting away of mind or body
[例] a continuing deterioration in relations between the two countries 两国关系的持续恶化
[近] decadence, degeneration, deterioration, devolution, downfall, downgrade
[反] improvement, recovery, recuperation, rehabilitation, revitalization 改进,改善
symbol: [dɪˌtɪriə'reɪ∫n]
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position: (7, 1)

正面: detour
definition: 【考法1】n. 偏离正常标准:a turning away from a course or standard
[例] We'll regard this relapse as just a brief detour on your road to recovery from substance abuse. 我们把这次旧病复发看成你戒瘾道路上的一个小偏离。
[近] deflection, departure, deviation, divergency
【考法2】v. 改变方向或者路线,绕道:to change one's course or direction
[例] We had to detour for a few miles around the section of highway under construction. 为了避开正在维修的高速公路路段,我们不得不绕远几公里。
[近] deviate, diverge, sheer, swerve, veer
symbol: ['di:tʊr]
zhuji: 【记】de坏，tour旅行－旅行的不爽，因为绕道了。
zhuji3000: 【根】 de- [away] + tour [航线], tour away → v. 偏离正常标准;改变方向或者路线,绕道
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position: (7, 1)

正面: detract
definition: 【考法1】vt. 贬低,降低价值:to diminish the importance, value, or effectiveness of something
[例] It is wrong to detract from the achievements of other people in the same field. 贬低同行是不对的。
[近] belittle, depreciate, derogate, disparage, dispraise, write off
[反] extol, praise, eulogize, laud, panegyrize 赞美
【考法2】vt. 使分心:to draw the attention or mind to something else
[例] Numerous typos in the text detract the reader's attention from the novel's intricate plot. 许多打印错误让读者分心,不关注复杂的情节了。
[近] divert, call off
symbol: [dɪ'trækt]
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position: (7, 1)

正面: detritus
definition: 【考法】n. 废品,碎屑,遗骸:a product of disintegration, destruction, or wearing away: debris
[例] the detritus of war 战争的残迹
[近] debris, residue, wreck
[反] valuable product 有用的物品
symbol: [dɪ'traɪtəs]
zhuji: 【记】de下，trit摩：摩下来的东西－碎屑
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position: (7, 2)

正面: devoted
definition: 【考法1】adj. 投入的;忠诚的:characterized by loyalty and devotion
[例] Good teachers are devoted to learning. 好老师会专心学习。
[近] constant, loyal, allegiant, dedicated, devout, loyal, pious, staunch, steadfast
[反] disloyal, faithless, perfidious, unfaithful 不忠诚的;recreant, traitorous, treacherous 背叛的
【考法2】adj. 示爱的,恩爱的:feeling or showing love
[例] A devoted couple will enjoy sharing their lives with one another. 一对恩爱的情侣喜欢和对方一起度过自己的人生。
[近] adoring, affectionate, fond, tender, tenderhearted
[反] unloving 无爱心的,冷漠的
symbol: [dɪ'voʊtɪd]
zhuji: 【记】de加强语义，vote＝vow发誓－发誓热爱－献身
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position: (7, 2)

正面: devout
definition: 【考法1】adj.(对于宗教)虔诚的:devoted to religion or to religious duties or exercises
[例] a devout Buddhist 虔诚的佛教徒
[近] pious, religious, sainted
[反] antireligious, impious 不虔诚的
【考法2】adj. 忠诚的:firm in one's allegiance to someone or something
[例] Devout Mavericks fans never lost faith in Nowitzki. 忠诚的小牛队球迷从来没有对诺维斯基失去信心。
[近] constant, loyal, allegiant, dedicated, pious, staunch, steadfast
[反] disloyal, faithless, perfidious, unfaithful 不忠诚的;recreant, traitorous, treacherous 背叛的
symbol: [dɪ'vaʊt]
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position: (7, 2)

正面: dexterous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 动作灵活的:ready and skilled in physical movements
[例] a dexterous surgeon 技术娴熟的外科医生‖The dexterous watchmaker was able to repair the antique watch's delicate gears and parts. 手巧的手表匠能够修理古董手表精密的齿轮和部件。
[近] deft, handy
[反] ham-fisted, ham-handed, handless, heavy-handed, unhandy 手笨的
【考法2】adj. 头脑灵活的:mentally adroit and skillful: clever
[近] adroit, clever, cunning
[反] dull, foolish, silly, fatuous, unwise 傻的
symbol: ['dekstrəs]
zhuji: 【记】dexter右边的－像右手一样－灵巧的
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position: (7, 2)

正面: diabolic
definition: 【考法】adj. 恶魔一般的:of, relating to, or characteristic of the devil
[例] The police quickly mobilized to track down the diabolic serial killer. 警察迅速行动起来追查这个恶魔般的连环杀人狂。
[近] demoniac, demonian, demonic, devilish, satanic
[反] angelic, seraphic 天使般的
symbol: [ˌdaɪə'bɑ:lɪk]
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position: (7, 2)

正面: diaphanous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 模糊的;非实在的:vague or insubstantial
[例] only a diaphanous hope of success 只有一丝成功的希望
[近] vague, obscure, unexplicit, insubstantial, immaterial
[反] substantial 实在的;clear, distinct 清晰的
【考法2】adj.(质地精致得)几乎透明的:of such fine texture as to be transparent or translucent
[例] The bride wore a diaphanous veil. 新娘戴着透明的面纱。
[近] transparent, translucent, transpicuous, gossamer
[反] opaque, impermeable of light 不透明的,不透光的
symbol: [daɪ'æfənəs]
zhuji: 【记】dia对面，phan呈现－在对面呈现－半透明的dia对面，phan读：饭，ous多：两个饭量巨大的人对着吃饭，为了避免互相喷饭，又能达到交谈的目的，在他们中间放一个半透明的布。
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position: (7, 2)

正面: diatribe
definition: 【考法1】n. 长篇抨击性演讲:a long angry speech or scolding
[例] He was forced to sit through a long diatribe. 他被迫耐着性子听完一个长篇抨击性演讲。
[近] tirade, harangue, jeremiad, philippic, rant
【考法2】n. 挖苦,讽刺的指责:ironic or satirical criticism
[例] The movie reviewer wrote a diatribe of the movie describing it as having excessive sex and violence. 那个影评人指责这个电影含有过多的色情和暴力。
[近] irony, satire
[反] encomium, eulogy, panegyric, tribute, laudatory piece of writing 颂词,赞赏作品
symbol: ['daɪətraɪb]
zhuji: 【记】dia2，tribe摩－2个人对着摩擦－抨击
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position: (7, 2)

正面: didactic
definition: 【考法】adj. 喜欢说教的:designed or intended to teach
[例] Parents' speech to their kids often seems to be painfully didactic. 父母对他们孩子说的话似乎都是让人痛苦的说教。
[近] homiletic, preachy, moralistic, sententious
[反] undidactic 不喜欢说教的
symbol: [daɪ'dæktɪk]
zhuji: 【记】did做，act行动：教人如何做或行动－教诲的
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position: (7, 2)

正面: diehard
definition: 【考法】adj. 顽固的,保守的 n. 顽固的人,保守的人:strongly or fanatically determined or devoted/someone who opposes change and refuses to accept new ideas
[例] Some diehard smokers belied the doctors' suggestion. 一些顽固的烟民违背了医生们的建议。
[近] conservative, hidebound, old-fashioned, reactionary, ultraconservative
[反] liberal, nonconservative, open-minded, liberal 自由的,开放的
symbol: ['daɪhɑ:rd]
zhuji3000: 【根】 die [死 → 不变] + hard [坚硬, 坚定不变], 思想不变的 (人) → a. 顽固的,保守的 n. 顽固的人,保守的人
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 2)

正面: diffident
definition: 【考法1】adj. 不自信的:hesitant in acting or speaking through lack of self-confidence
[例] He is diffident to express his opinions in public. 他在公共场合表达自己的观点时有点害羞。
[近] unassured, bashful, retiring, self-effacing, withdrawn
[反] confident, assured, self-assured, self-confident 自信的
【考法2】adj. 内向的:reserved in manner; unassertive
[例] She was diffident about stating her opinion. 她很内向,表达自己观点的时候有点害羞。
[近] introverted
[反] extroverted, outgoing 外向的
symbol: ['dɪfɪdənt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 dif- [dis-, not] + fid [believe] + -ent [a.], not trust (oneself), 不相信 (自己) → a. 不自信的,内向的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 2)

正面: diffuse
definition: 【考法1】[dɪ'fju:s] adj. 啰嗦的:being at once verbose and ill-organized
[例] a diffuse report 冗长的报告
[近] circuitous, circumlocutory, long-winded, prolix, verbose, windy, rambling
[反] concise, pithy, succinct, terse, laconic 简洁的
【考法2】adj. 不集中的,扩散的:not concentrated or localized
[例] diffuse lighting 散射光
[反] concentrated 集中的
【考法3】[dɪ'fju:z] v. 扩展,散开:to extend, scatter
[例] The photographer uses a screen to diffuse the light. 摄影师用一个屏幕来分散光线。
[近] spread, extend, disperse, disseminate, scatter
[反] concentrate, center, centralize, focus 集中
symbol: None
zhuji: 【记】dif不同，fuse流，引线－向不同方向流－散射
zhuji3000: 【根】 dif- [apart, in every direction] + fus [pour] + -e [v.], (speech) pour in every direction → a. 啰嗦的;(fluid, light, etc.) pour in every direction → a. 不集中的,扩散的 v. 扩展,散开
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position: (7, 3)

正面: digress
definition: 【考法】v. 脱离主题:to turn aside especially from the main subject of attention or course of argument
[例] digress from her prepared subject 脱离她准备好的主题‖He digressed so often that it was hard to follow what he was saying. 他经常跑题,我们很难跟上他说的内容。
[近] excurse, ramble, diverge, get off the subject
[派] digressive adj. 偏离的
[近] discursive
[派] digression n. 题外话,跑题:the act or an instance of digressing in a discourse
[近] aside
symbol: [daɪ'gres]
zhuji: 【记】di脱离，gress走－走脱离了主题－离题
zhuji3000: 【根】 di- [aside] + gress [step], step (subject) aside → v. 脱离主题
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position: (7, 3)

正面: dilapidate
definition: 【考法】v.(使)荒废:to bring into a condition of decay or partial ruin
[例] The house has been dilapidated by neglect. 由于没人照看,这所房子已经要荒废了。
[近] ruin, wreck
[反] be in use 还在使用;restore 恢复使用;mend, repair 修理;rejuvenate, renew, renovate 翻新
symbol: [dɪ'læpɪdeɪt]
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position: (7, 3)

正面: dilate
definition: 【考法1】v.(使)膨胀,扩大:to enlarge or expand in bulk or extent; to become wide
[例] The cat dilated its eyes in the darkness. 猫在黑暗中睁大眼睛。‖The drug dilates the blood vessels. 药使血管膨胀。
[近] expand, amplify, enlarge
[反] contract 收缩;narrow 使变窄
【考法2】v. 详细表达:to express more fully and in greater detail
[例] He refused to dilate upon his plan for improving the economy in the event that he won the election. 他拒绝在他赢得选举的情况下透露更多关于振兴经济计划的细节。
[近] amplify, develop, elaborate on, flesh out, enlarge on
[反] abbreviate, abridge, condense, shorten 删减,缩短
symbol: [daɪ'leɪt]
zhuji: 【记】di分开，late放，放大的－－扩大；di弟，late：弟弟要迟到了，妈妈愤怒了，眼睛也睁大了。
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 3)

正面: dilatory
definition: 【考法】adj. 拖延的,磨蹭的:tending or intended to cause delay, characterized by procrastination
[例] dilatory tactics 拖延战术‖The homeowner is claiming that local firefighters were dilatory in responding to the call. 业主声称本地的消防队员对(火警)电话有拖延。
[近] delaying, procrastinating, dragging, lagging, tardy
[反] rapid, fast, fleet, precipitate, rocketing, swift, hasty, hurrying, scurrying 快速的
symbol: ['dɪlətɔ:ri]
zhuji: 【记】源于：delay（v /n 拖延；耽搁）di，lat放－放下来不做－有意拖延的lat＝late迟到－磨蹭的
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position: (7, 3)

正面: dilettante
definition: 【考法】n./adj. 业余爱好者(对艺术或知识领域涉猎浅薄者)/缺乏专业技术的:a person having a superficial interest in an art/lacking or showing a lack of expert skill
[例] Dilettante watch the scene of bustle, adept guard the entrance. 外行看热闹,内行看门道。‖Many dilettante efforts could be seen at the sidewalk art show. 街边艺术展上可以看到很多技术业余的作品。
[近] dabbler, amateur, nonexpert, cognoscente; nonprofessional, amateur
[反] authority, expert, pro, professional, specialist 专家
symbol: [ˌdɪlə'tænti]
zhuji: 【记】dilet＝delect＝delight（n 快乐；v 使高兴）－为了快乐做事的人－业余爱好者di弟弟，let让，tante谈谈：我弟弟这个半瓶子醋竟然要我跟他谈谈人生与理想和成人的话题，这不是班门弄斧吗？
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position: (7, 3)

正面: diligent
definition: 【考法】adj. 勤勉的,辛勤的:characterized by steady, earnest, and energetic effort: painstaking
[例] A new bride is diligent for three days. 新娶媳妇三日勤。‖a student who has been unceasingly diligent in pursuit of a degree in mathematics 一个不断勤奋追求数学学位的学生
[近] assiduous, industrious, sedulous, engaged, hopping, tied-up
[反] idle, inactive, unbusy, unemployed, unoccupied 空闲的
symbol: ['dɪlɪʤənt]
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position: (7, 3)

正面: dilute
definition: 【考法1】vt. 稀释/ adj. 经稀释的:to make thinner or less concentrated by adding a liquid such as water/of relatively low strength or concentration
[例] dilute a color 稀释色彩‖a dilute acid that's safe to handle in the classroom 稀释了的可以安全在教室处理的酸
[近] thin
[反] condense, densify, concentrate, thicken 使浓缩
【考法2】vt. 削弱:to diminish the strength, flavor, or brilliance of by admixture
[例] The hiring of the new CEO diluted the power of the company's president. 新的CEO削弱了公司董事长的权力。
[近] weaken
[反] fortify, strengthen 增强
symbol: [daɪ'lu:t]
zhuji: 【记】di向下，lute冲－稀释
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position: (7, 3)

正面: diminish
definition: 【考法1】v.(使)变小,(使)减少:to(cause to)become smaller or less
[例] diminish an army's strength 削弱军队力量‖The sound of the train diminished as our distance from it increased. 当我们距离火车越远时,火车的声音就越小。
[近] abate, dwindle, lessen, lower, reduce, decline
[反] aggrandize, amplify, augment, boost, enlarge, escalate, expand, increase, raise, balloon 增加,增大
【考法2】v. 轻视,贬低:to lessen the authority, dignity, or reputation of: belittle
[例] diminish a rival's accomplishments 贬低对手的成就
[近] belittle, deprecate, depreciate, disparage
[反] acclaim, applaud, exalt, extol, glorify, laud, praise 赞美
symbol: [dɪ'mɪnɪ∫]
zhuji: 【记】mini迷你－减小
zhuji3000: 【根】 di- [de-, down] + min [small] + -ish [v.], make small down, (使) 小下来 → v. (使) 变小,(使) 减少;小看,将 (价值或影响力) 低估 → v. 轻视,贬低
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position: (7, 3)

正面: din
definition: 【考法1】n. 喧闹声,嘈杂声:a loud continued noise
[例] The din of the engines was deafening. 引擎的嘈杂声震耳欲聋。‖There's always a great din from the cafeteria during lunch. 午餐时间经常从餐厅里传来很大的喧闹声。
[近] blare, bluster, cacophony, chatter, clamor, discordance, racket, rattle, roar
[反] quiet, silence, still 安静
【考法2】v. 重复,使人厌烦地反复灌输:to say or state again
[例] Safety lessons dinned into us over and over. 我们一遍又一遍地进行安全教育。
[近] iterate, rehearse, reiterate
symbol: [dɪn]
zhuji: 【记】象声词：源于大街上汽车喇叭的di，di，di的声音
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position: (7, 3)

正面: dingy
definition: 【考法】adj. 昏暗的;肮脏的:darkened with smoke and grime; dirty or discolored
[例] A dingy room is always Dickensian image of the poor. 一个肮脏而昏暗的房间经常作为狄更斯时代的穷人形象。‖The bed sheets were pretty dingy so we threw them in the laundry pile. 床单太脏了,我们把它扔进了脏衣服堆。
[近] darkened, dirty, bedraggled, bemired, besmirched, dusty, mucky, muddy, nasty, smudged, soiled, sordid, stained, sullied
[反] clean, cleanly, immaculate, spotless, stainless, unsoiled, unstained, unsullied 干净的
symbol: ['dɪnʤi]
zhuji: 【记】ding钉，y外：把铁钉子放在外面会生锈退色－肮脏的；褪色的
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position: (7, 4)

正面: diocesan
definition: 【考法】adj. 主教管辖区的:of or relating to a diocese
[例] national or diocesan authority 国家或教区权利
[反] ecumenical 世界范围的
symbol: [daɪ'ɑ:sɪsn]
zhuji: 【记】源于：ocean（n 大海）主教一般都住在临海的地方，有利于交通和传教，而下面的反义词由e出，cu苦，men人：出去作苦难的人。指的是那些到世界各地的传教士，引申为全球基督教会的
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position: (7, 4)

正面: diplomatic
definition: 【考法】adj. 使用策略的,机智的:employing tact and conciliation especially in situations of stress
[例] be very diplomatic with awkward clients 总是有办法对付难缠的顾客
[近] politic
[反] gauche, impolitic, tactless, undiplomatic, untactful 笨拙的,不机智的
symbol: [ˌdɪplə'mætɪk]
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position: (7, 4)

正面: dire
definition: 【考法1】adj. 不吉利的,不祥的:being or showing a sign of evil or calamity to come
[例] a dire forecast of a plunge in stock prices 股市大跌不祥的预测
[近] baleful, direful, foreboding, ill-boding, inauspicious, menacing, minatory, portentous, sinister, threatening
[反] propitious, unthreatening 吉利的,吉祥的
【考法2】adj. 可怕的,恐怖的:causing fear
[例] a series of dire tremors that hinted at a volcanic eruption 一系列暗示火山爆发的恐怖的震动
[近] alarming, direful, dread, dreadful, fearsome, forbidding, formidable, frightening, frightful, ghastly, hair-raising, horrendous, horrible, horrifying, intimidating, redoubtable, scary, shocking, terrible, terrifying
【考法3】adj. 迫切的:needing immediate attention; urgent
[例] There is a dire need for food and medicine in the famine-stricken country. 在闹饥荒的国家迫切需要食物和药品。
[近] immediate, burning, compelling, critical, crying, emergent, exigent, imperative, imperious, importunate, instant, necessitous, pressing, urgent
[反] nonurgent, noncritical 不迫切的
【考法4】adj. 悲惨的:causing or marked by an atmosphere lacking in cheer
[例] With stock prices steadily falling, these are dire days on the trading floor. 股价不断走低,交易大厅一片悲惨的景象。
[近] cheerless, chill, depressing, depressive, desolate, disconsolate, dismal, drear, dreary, funereal, glum, lugubrious, miserable, morose, saturnine, somber, sullen, sunless, wretched
[反] bright, cheerful, cheering, cheery, festive, gay, sunshiny 愉快的
symbol: ['daɪər]
zhuji: 【记】di弟弟，re热：糟了！弟弟发烧了，才2个月，抵抗力这么弱，太可怕了，急需送医院！读：DELL（著名的电脑品牌）其发展速度到了令其竞争对手可怕的程度。
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position: (7, 4)

正面: dirge
definition: 【考法】n. 挽歌:a slow, solemn, and mournful piece of music
[例] This funeral dirge is for the dead friend. 这首葬礼挽歌是写给故去的朋友的。
[近] elegy, requiem
symbol: [dɜ:rʤ]
zhuji: 【记】dir＝dirt泥土，ge歌：人进入泥土后唱的歌－哀歌dir＝die，ge歌－哀歌
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position: (7, 4)

正面: disabuse
definition: 【考法】vt. 打消错误念头,纠正:to free from error, fallacy, or misconception
[例] disabuse sb of the notion that... 打消某人的…观点‖I must disabuse you of your feelings of grandeur. 我必须消除你的傲气。
[近] disenchant, undeceive
[反] lead into error 导致错误;mislead 误导
symbol: [ˌdɪsə'bju:z]
zhuji: 【记】dis不，abuse（v 滥用）－使不滥用－纠正
zhuji3000: 【记】 dis- [opposite of] + abuse, opposite of “abuse”, 使回归“正确的使用” → vt. 打消错误念头,纠正
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position: (7, 4)

正面: disaffected
definition: 【考法】adj. 不满的,叛逆的:discontented and resentful especially against authority; rebellious
[例] gangs of disaffected teenagers 一群叛逆的年轻人‖The soldiers were disaffected toward the government. 那些士兵对政府不满.
[近] discontented, dissatisfied, malcontent, rebellious, insubordinate, contumacious
[反] satisfied, contented 满足的
[派] disaffect vt. 使不安,使不满:to fill with discontent and unrest; disaffection n. 不满,疏远:estrangement
[近] dissatisfy, agitate, upset
[反] mollify 平息,抚慰
symbol: [ˌdɪsə'fektɪd]
zhuji3000: 【记】 dis- [away] + affect [感情] + -ed [a.], 感情上背离 → a. 不满的,叛逆的
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position: (7, 4)

正面: disarm
definition: 【考法1】v. 解除武装:to give up or reduce armed forces
[例] disarm the captured soldiers 解除被捕士兵的武装‖The defeated nation was disarmed so that it would never again be a threat to international order. 战败国被解除武装,这样一来它就不会再对国际秩序造成威胁。
[近] demilitarize
[反] arm, militarize, put on guard 装备武器
【考法2】vt. 使息怒,平息,抚慰:to lessen the anger or agitation of
[例] Her future father-in-law was totally disarmed by her words. 她未来的继父听了她的话彻底没脾气了。
[近] appease, assuage, conciliate, gentle, mollify, placate, propitiate
[反] anger, enrage, incense, inflame, enflame, infuriate, ire, madden, outrage 煽动,激起
【考法3】vt. 使无害:to make harmless
[例] disarm a bomb 拆除炸弹
symbol: [dɪs'ɑ:rm]
zhuji: 【记】dis消除，arm武装－缴械
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position: (7, 4)

正面: disarray
definition: 【考法1】n. 混乱,无秩序:a lack of order or sequence
[例] The room was in disarray. 房间一片混乱。
[近] confusion, disarrangement, disorder, disorderliness, disorganization, havoc, mess, messiness, misorder, muddle, muss, shambles, jumble, welter
[反] order, orderliness 有序
【考法2】vt. 使混乱:to undo the proper order or arrangement of
[例] Changing offices disarrayed my papers completely. 办公室搬迁使我的文件全部乱套了.
[近] confuse, disarrange, discompose, dishevel, dislocate, disorganize, disrupt, disturb, hash, jumble, muddle, muss, rumple, scramble, upset, mess up, mix up
[反] arrange, array, dispose, order, organize, range, regulate, straighten up 使有序
symbol: [ˌdɪsə'reɪ]
zhuji: 【记】dis消除，array（n 排列）－漫无秩序
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position: (7, 4)

正面: disavow
definition: 【考法】vt. 拒绝承认,否认:to disclaim knowledge of, responsibility for, or association with;to declare not to be true
[例] disavow the rumor 否认谣言‖She disavowed the testimony that she had given earlier in the trial. 她在审判中否认了自己之前的证词。
[近] deny, repudiate, disaffirm, disclaim, disconfirm, gainsay, negate
[反] acknowledge, avow, concede 承认
symbol: [ˌdɪsə'vaʊ]
zhuji3000: 【根】 dis- [not, opposite of] + avow [avow, 承认], opposite of “avow” → vt. 拒绝承认,否认
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position: (7, 4)

正面: discern
definition: 【考法】v. 识别,辨别差异:to perceive with the eyes or intellect; detect
[例] discern the motives 辨识出动机‖too young to discern between right and wrong 太年轻了而辨别不了是非
[近] behold, descry, distinguish, espy, perceive, regard, differentiate, discriminate
[反] confuse, mix up 混淆
[派] discerning adj. 有洞察力的,洞悉的:showing insight and understanding
[例] a very discerning art critic 眼光敏锐有洞察力的艺术评论家‖She has a discerning palate. 她的味觉很敏锐。
[近] insightful, incisive
[反] myopic, shortsighted 目光短浅的;undiscerning 无辨别能力的
[派] discernible/discernable adj. 可辨识的,可辨别的:perceptible
[例] a discernible mark 可辨别的痕迹
[近] perceptible, detectable, distinguishable
[反] indiscernible, imperceptible 不可辨识的
symbol: [dɪ'sɜ:rn]
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position: (7, 5)

正面: discharge
definition: 【考法1】[dɪs't∫ɑ:rʤ] vt. 解雇:to dismiss from employment
[例] discharge a worker/soldier 开除员工/军籍
[近] fire, dismiss
[反] employ, engage, hire, take on, sign up or on 雇佣
【考法2】vt. 释放:to set free(as from slavery or confinement)
[例] discharge the prisoners upon the signing of the peace treaty 根据和平条约释放罪犯
[近] disenthrall, emancipate, enfranchise, liberate, loose, manumit, release, spring, unbind, uncage, unchain, unfetter
[反] bind, confine, enchain, fetter 监禁,束缚
【考法3】['dɪst∫ɑ:rʤ] n. 不承担责任:a freeing from an obligation or responsibility
[例] a full discharge from responsibility for the accident 对事故完全不负有责任
[近] delivery, quietus, quittance
symbol: None
zhuji3000: 【根】 dis- [opposite of] + charge [v., hold], opposite of “hold”, “放走” → v. 解雇;释放;不承担责任
[注] charge [v. 掌握],词组take charge of [接管,负责]
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position: (7, 5)

正面: disciple
definition: 【考法】n. 信徒,追随者:one who accepts and assists in spreading the doctrines of another, follower
[例] A circle of dedicated disciples who conscientiously wrote down everything the prophet said. 一圈忠实的信徒认真地记下了先知所说的话。
[近] acolyte, adherent, convert, epigone, partisan, votary
[反] leader, coryphaeus 领导者
symbol: [dɪ'saɪpl]
zhuji: 【记】源于：耶稣最初的十二信徒之一：Discipledisciple必须有discipline（n 纪律）
zhuji3000: 【根】 dis- [away] + cip [take] + -le [n.], people who takes away (doctrines), 带走 [接受] 教义的人 → n. 信徒,追随者
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position: (7, 5)

正面: discombobulate
definition: 【考法】vt. 使不安,使混乱:upset, confuse
[例] invent cool new ways to discombobulate the old order 发明新的好方法打乱了旧秩序
[近] upset, addle, baffle, bamboozle, befog, befuddle, confound, fuddle, gravel, muddle, muddy, mystify, perplex, puzzle, vex
[反] compose, soothe, calm, pacify 使安定
symbol: [ˌdɪskəm'bɑ:bjuleɪt]
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position: (7, 5)

正面: discomfit
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使尴尬:to put into a state of perplexity and embarrassment
[例] He was discomfited by the awkward situation of having his ex-girlfriend meet his current one. 他的前女友看到他现任女友的情况让他很尴尬。
[近] embarrass, abash, faze, fluster, mortify, nonplus, rattle
【考法2】vt. 阻碍:to prevent from achieving a goal
[例] Constant interruptions discomfited her in her attempt to finish the speech. 经常打断她讲话导致她无法完成演讲。
[近] balk, foil, thwart, baffle, checkmate
[反] advance, forward, foster, further, promote 推进,促进;encourage 鼓励
symbol: [dɪs'kʌmfɪt]
zhuji: 【记】源于：defeat（v 打败）dis不，comfit＝comfort（n 舒服）－使不舒服－使窘迫
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position: (7, 5)

正面: discommode
definition: 【考法】vt. 打扰,使不便:to cause inconvenience to: trouble
[例] The breakdown of her car didn't discommode her seriously. 车的故障没有给她带来很大麻烦。
[近] disturb, trouble, incommode, put out
[反] accommodate, assist, oblige, favor 帮忙
symbol: [dɪskə'moʊd]
zhuji: 【记】commod方便，如：commodity（n 日用品）
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position: (7, 5)

正面: discompose
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使不安:to disturb the composure or calm of; perturb
[例] GRE does not seem to discompose Jason; on the contrary, he looks rather relaxed. GRE没有使Jason感到慌乱,正相反,他看上去很轻松。
[近] agitate, bother, discomfort, disquiet, distemper, disconcert, disturb, perturb, upset, weird out
[反] calm, compose, quiet, settle, soothe, tranquilize 平息,抚慰
【考法2】vt. 使混乱:to undo the proper order or arrangement of
[例] The wind ruffled her hair and discomposed her carefully arranged papers. 风凌乱了她的头发,吹乱了她细心整理的纸张。
[近] disarrange, disarray, disorganize
[反] arrange, array, order, organize, range 使有序
symbol: [ˌdɪskəm'poʊz]
zhuji: 【记】compose（v 组合；使沉着）com一起，pose放：放到一起的状态－沉着
zhuji3000: 【根】 dis- [opposite to] + com- [together] + pos [put] + e [v.], opposite to “put together” → vt. 使不安;使混乱
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position: (7, 5)

正面: disconcert
definition: 【考法】vt. 使不安:to disturb the composure of
[例] We were disconcerted by the unexpected changes to the program. 我们对项目未预料到的变化感到不安。
[近] abash, discomfit, discountenance, mortify, rattle
[反] calm, compose, quiet, settle, soothe, tranquilize 平息,抚慰
symbol: [ˌdɪskən'sɜ:rt]
zhuji: 【记】concert（n 音乐会；一致）－没有一致－处于两种环境－进退两难
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position: (7, 5)

正面: discord
definition: 【考法】n. 意见不一致,不和谐:lack of agreement or harmony(as between persons, things, or ideas)
[例] No discord, no concord. 不打不成交。
[近] conflict, disaccord, discordance, disharmony, dissension, dissidence, dissonance, disunion, disunity, division, friction, inharmony, schism, strife, row, divergence
[反] accord, agreement, concord, concordance, harmony, consensus, unanimity 和谐,一致
[派] discordant adj. 不和谐的,刺耳的:disagreeable in sound; harsh or dissonant
[近] dissonant, cacophonous, disharmonic, disharmonious
[反] concordant, harmonious 和谐的
symbol: ['dɪskɔ:rd]
zhuji: 【记】dis不，cord心脏，一致－不一致－不和谐
zhuji3000: 【根】 dis- [away] + cord [heart], 心不在一起 → n. 意见不一致,不和谐
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position: (7, 5)

正面: discredit
definition: 【考法1】vt. 羞辱,使丧失名誉:to damage in reputation; disgrace
[例] discredit his opponents 羞辱他的对手
[近] abase, debase, degrade, demean, disgrace, dishonor, humiliate, shame, sink, smirch, take down
[反] aggrandize 提高名誉;canonize, deify 神化;elevate 提升;exalt 赞扬
【考法2】vt. 怀疑,不相信:to think not to be true or real
[例] I discredit the story that the old house is haunted. 我怀疑那个房子闹鬼不是真的。
[近] negate, doubt, distrust
[反] accept, believe, credit 接受,相信;confirm, prove, validate, verify 证实
symbol: [dɪs'kredɪt]
zhuji: 【记】credit（n /v 信任，信用）
zhuji3000: 【记】 dis- [opposite of] + credit [信任,信赖;表扬,赞扬] → vt. 怀疑,不相信;羞耻,使丧失名誉
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position: (7, 5)

正面: discrepancy
definition: 【考法】n.(在事实和宣称之间的)差异或矛盾:divergence or disagreement, as between facts or claims
[例] a large discrepancy between the ideal image and the reality 理想与现实之间的巨大差距
[近] contrast, disagreement, disparity, dissimilarity, distance, distinction, diversity
[反] convergence, concord, consonance 一致,和谐;analogousness, community, resemblance, similarity 相似
symbol: [dɪs'krepənsi]
zhuji: 【记】源于下面的discretediscre＝disco，pan平底锅：disco唱片和平底锅都是圆的但是有差异，就像事实和宣称之间
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position: (7, 6)

正面: discrete
definition: 【考法】adj. 离散的,不连续的:constituting a separate entity
[例] a discrete variable 离散变量
[近] detached, disconnected, unattached, unconnected, separate
[反] continuous 连续的;attached, connected, joined, linked 连接的
symbol: [dɪ'skri:t]
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position: (7, 6)

正面: discretion
definition: 【考法1】n. 谨慎:the quality of being discreet; circumspection
[例] You must show discretion in choosing your teammates. 你选择队友时必须慎重。
[近] discreetness, prudence
[反] imprudence, indiscretion 轻率
[派] indiscretion n. 不谨慎,不符合社会道德规范:an act at variance with the accepted morality of a society
[例] resign because of financial indiscretions 因为财政方面的不检点而辞职
【考法2】n. 自制,节制:the checking of one's true feelings and impulses when dealing with others
[例] In that job you'll be expected to show discretion and act like a professional at all times. 那项工作要求你时刻保持自制,表现得像一个专业人士。
[近] continence, discipline, inhibition, refrainment, restraint, self-control, self-restraint
[反] disinhibition, incontinence, unconstraint 不自制,不节制
symbol: [dɪ'skre∫n]
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position: (7, 6)

正面: discretionary
definition: 【考法】adj. 自主决定的:left to discretion: exercised at one's own discretion
[例] In many restaurants, discretionary tipping is being replaced by a standard service charge. 在很多饭店,标准的服务价格取代了随意支付的小费。
[近] elective, voluntary
[反] compulsory, mandatory, nonelective, nonvoluntary, obligatory, required 强制性的,非自愿的
symbol: [dɪ'skre∫əneri]
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position: (7, 6)

正面: discriminate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 区分:to perceive the distinguishing features of; recognize as distinct
[例] discriminate different kinds of animals 区分不同的动物
[近] differentiate, discern, distinguish
[反] confuse, mistake, mix up 混淆
【考法2】vi. 歧视:to make a difference in treatment or favor on a basis other than individual merit
[例] The new law discriminated against lower-paid workers. 这条新法律歧视低工资的工人。
[派] discriminatory adj. 差别对待的:marked by or showing prejudice; biased
[近] prejudiced, biased
[反] equitable, impartial, unbiased, impersonal, unprejudiced 公平的
symbol: [dɪ'skrɪmɪneɪt]
zhuji: 【记】crimin＝crime（n 罪行）－区别对待有罪的人－辨别，歧视
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position: (7, 6)

正面: discursive
definition: 【考法】adj.(谈话内容)杂乱的:moving from topic to topic without order
[例] a long, discursive article 冗长杂乱的文章‖The speaker's discursive style made it difficult to understand his point. 演讲者讲话杂乱,很难让人理解他的观点。
[近] desultory, digressional, excursive, meandering, rambling, wandering
[反] keen on title, concentrated 关注主题的,集中的
symbol: [dɪs'kɜ:rsɪv]
zhuji: 【记】dis离开，curs跑－离开主题到处乱跑－散漫的
zhuji3000: 【根】 dis- [apart] + curs [run] + -ive [a.], (content) run apart → a. (谈话内容) 杂乱的
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position: (7, 6)

正面: disdain
definition: 【考法】vt. 轻视,鄙视:to look on with scorn
[例] disdain that man for snobbishness 鄙视那个势利小人
[近] contemn, disrespect, slight, sniff, snub, look down
[反] honor, respect 尊敬;treat favorably 亲切地对待
symbol: [dɪs'deɪn]
zhuji: 【记】dis不，dai戴n象帽子：武警官兵不戴帽子见老江：轻视dis不，dain＝dign高贵，值得－不高贵－鄙视
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position: (7, 6)

正面: disengage
definition: 【考法】vt. 分开,使脱离:to set free from entanglement or difficulty
[例] Disengage the gears when you park the car. 当你停车的时候要把(传动)齿轮分开。‖seek to disengage myself from the embarrassing situation 试图把我自己从尴尬的气氛中解救出来
[近] disengage, disentangle, untangle
[反] embroil, entangle 卷入;mesh 啮合
symbol: [ˌdɪsɪn'geɪʤ]
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position: (7, 6)

正面: disgorge
definition: 【考法1】v. 呕吐出:to discharge by the throat and mouth; vomit
[例] He cannot disgorge a fish bone without the doctor's assistant. 没有医生的帮助他吐不出鱼刺来。‖The volcano disgorged lava. 火山喷出岩浆。
[近] belch, disgorge, eject, eruct, expel, jet, spew, spout
[反] swallow, ingest 吞下,咽下
【考法2】v. 被迫放弃:to give up on request or under pressure
[例] The corrupt officials refused to disgorge his ill-gotten gains. 贪官们拒绝放弃赃款。
symbol: [dɪs'gɔ:rʤ]
zhuji: 【记】gorge（n 咽喉；胃；峡谷v 狼吞虎咽）
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position: (7, 6)

正面: disgruntle
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使发怒,使不满意:to make ill-humored or discontented
[例] be disgruntled with sb 对某人不满
[近] disaffect, displease, dissatisfy
[反] content, gratify, please, satisfy 使满意
【考法2】vt. 使疏远,使不友好:to cause to change from friendly or loving to unfriendly or uncaring
[近] alien, alienate
[反] reconcile 调解,使和谐
symbol: [dɪs'grʌntl]
zhuji: 【记】读：dis光头－让你结婚时剃一个光头－使不高兴
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 6)

正面: disguise
definition: 【考法1】vt. 伪装(防止被认出):to modify the manner or appearance of in order to prevent recognition
[例] The raiders disguised themselves as security guards. 袭击者装扮成了保安人员。
[近] camouflage, costume, mask
[反] unmask 使露出真相
【考法2】vt. 隐藏,掩饰:to keep secret or shut off from view
[例] That investigative reporter usually does a good job of disguising her true motives for interviewing a person. 采访时,那个调查记者通常会很好地隐藏自己的真实目的。‖He always disguises his true feelings. 他经常掩饰自己的真实感受。
[近] belie, blanket, conceal, cover, curtain, occult, veil
[反] bare, disclose, display, divulge, expose, reveal, show, uncover, unmask, unveil 暴露,展现
symbol: [dɪs'gaɪz]
zhuji: 【记】guise（n 外观；姿态；装束；伪装v 伪装）
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 7)

正面: disinclination
definition: 【考法】n. 不喜欢,厌恶,不情愿:a lack of willingness or desire to do or accept something; a lack of willingness or desire to do or accept something
[例] show a marked disinclination 表现出明显的不情愿
[近] aversion, disfavor, disliking, disrelish, mislike, unwillingness
[反] appetite, favor, fondness, liking, partiality, preference, relish, inclination 喜欢;willingness 情愿
symbol: [ˌdɪsˌɪnklɪ'neɪ∫n]
zhuji: 【记】inclination（n 倾斜；倾向；爱好）
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 7)

正面: disinfect
definition: 【考法】vt. 消毒,使无菌:to free from infection especially by destroying harmful microorganisms
[例] disinfect with bleaching powder 用漂白粉消毒
[近] sterilize
[反] infect, pollute, contaminate, taint 感染,污染
symbol: [ˌdɪsɪn'fekt]
zhuji: 【记】infect（v 传染；感染）
zhuji3000: 【记】 dis- [opposite of] + infect [感染], 使不感染 → vt.消毒,使无菌
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 7)

正面: disjointed
definition: 【考法1】adj. 机能失调的:being thrown out of orderly function
[例] a disjointed society 混乱的社会
[近] chaotic, disorderly
[反] orderly, regular, systematic 有序的,规律的,系统的
【考法2】adj. 不连贯的:not clearly or logically connected
[例] a disjointed speech about a hodgepodge of things 关于一大堆杂事的不连贯的演讲
[近] disconnected, unconnected
[反] coherent, connected 连贯的
symbol: [dɪs'ʤɔɪntɪd]
zhuji: 【记】joint（n 接合处；关节vt 连接）
zhuji3000: 【根】 dis [not] + joint [join] + -ed [a.], (organs, etc.) not join (well together), 没有协调地连在一起 → a. 机能失调的;not join (together) → a. 不连贯的
[注] joint [n. 关节, 接合处 v. 连接] 与join [n.&v. 接合, 连接] 同源
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 7)

正面: disinter
definition: 【考法】vt.(从墓地里)掘出:to take out of the grave or tomb
[例] The Egyptian mummy was carefully disinterred in hopes that it would yield secrets about the Old Kingdom. 那个埃及木乃伊被小心地挖掘出来,人们希望它可以告诉我们关于这个古老王国的一些秘密。
[近] unbury, unearth
[反] bury, inter, tomb, inhume 埋葬
symbol: [ˌdɪsɪn'tɜ:r]
zhuji: 【记】inter（v 埋葬）
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 7)

正面: disinterested
definition: 【考法1】adj. 公正的,无偏见的:free from selfish motive or interest: unbiased
[例] a disinterested decision 公正的决定
[近] equal, evenhanded, impartial, just, nonpartisan, dispassionate, objective, square, unbiased, unprejudiced
[反] biased, inequitable, nonobjective, one-sided, partial, partisan, prejudiced, unjust 不公正的,有偏见的
【考法2】adj. 没有兴趣的:having or showing a lack of interest or concern
[例] The city's philistines, naturally disinterested in art, voted to cut the museum's budget. 城市里对艺术本来就不感兴趣的俗人们,投票表决要缩减博物馆的预算。
[近] apathetic, incurious, insouciant, nonchalant, perfunctory, unconcerned
[反] concerned, interested 关心的,感兴趣的
symbol: [dɪs'ɪntrəstɪd]
zhuji3000: 【记】 dis- [not] + interest [n. 爱好;兴趣] + -ed [a.], 不按照自己的爱好、偏好去判断 (只按照客观事实) → a. 公正的,无偏见的;没有兴趣的,not interested → a. 没有兴趣的
【参】 近义词indifferent [a. 公平的;不感兴趣的,冷漠的;(质量档次等) 中规中矩的,一般的]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 7)

正面: disjunctive
definition: 【考法】adj. 分离的:marked by breaks or disunity
[例] a disjunctive narrative sequence 散乱的叙述顺序
[反] conjunctive, connective 连接的
[派] disjunction n. 分离
symbol: [dɪs'ʤʌŋktɪv]
zhuji3000: 【根】 dis- [not] + junct [join] + -ive [a.], not join (together) → a. 分离的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (29, 6)

正面: dismantle
definition: 【考法】vt. 分解,分拆:to take to pieces also: to destroy the integrity or functioning of
[例] dismantle a machine 分拆机器
[近] break down, knock down
[反] assemble, construct 组装
symbol: [dɪs'mæntl]
zhuji: 【记】mantle（n 披风；斗篷v 覆盖）dis去掉，men人，tle头：拆除
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 7)

正面: dismay
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使失去勇气:to cause to lose courage or resolution
[例] The excessive homework dismayed ourselves. 过量的作业让我们失去了信心。
[近] chill, daunt, dishearten, dispirit, frustrate, unnerve
[反] embolden, encourage, hearten, nerve 鼓励,使勇敢
【考法2】vt. 使不安,使焦虑:to trouble the mind of; to make uneasy
[例] Parents became increasingly dismayed by their son's GPA. 父母对他们儿子的平均成绩非常焦虑。
[近] agitate, bother, discomfort, discompose, disquiet, distemper, distress, perturb, unsettle, upset
[反] calm, compose, quiet, soothe, tranquilize 平息,抚慰
symbol: [dɪs'meɪ]
zhuji: 【记】dis不，may也许：也许不能上2000分－使气馁
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 7)

正面: disparage
definition: 【考法】vt. 贬低;轻蔑地说:to lower in rank or reputation; to speak of in a slighting or disrespectful way; belittle
[例] use the past to disparage the present 借古讽今‖Voters don't like political advertisements in which opponents disparage one another. 选民不喜欢看到竞争对手互相贬低的政治广告。
[近] belittle, denigrate, deprecate, depreciate, derogate, degrade
[反] acclaim, applaud, exalt, extol, glorify, laud 赞扬
symbol: [dɪ'spærɪʤ]
zhuji: 【记】dis，par平等－不平等－贬低dis不，par＝peer贵族－不是贵族－贬低
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 7)

正面: disparate
definition: 【考法】adj. 迥然不同的:fundamentally distinct or different in kind; entirely dissimilar
[例] This couple of seemingly disparate topics have something in common. 这两个看似无关的主题其实有些相同之处。
[近] dissimilar, distinct, distinguishable, diverse, nonidentical, unalike
[反] alike, identical, indistinguishable, kindred, like, parallel, same, similar 相似的,相同的
symbol: ['dɪspərət]
zhuji: 【记】dis不，par平等－不同的dis分开，parate＝prepare（准备）：分开准备因为不同
zhuji3000: 【根】 dis- [not] + par [equal] + -ate [a.], not equal → a.迥然不同的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 8)

正面: dispassionate
definition: 【考法】adj. 客观公正的,不易被情绪或偏见影响的:devoid of or unaffected by passion, emotion, or bias
[例] Journalists should aim to be dispassionate observers. 记者们应该朝着成为一个公正的观察者努力。
[近] disinterested, equal, equitable, evenhanded, impartial, just, nonpartisan, objective, unbiased, unprejudiced
[反] biased, inequitable, nonobjective, one-sided, partial, partisan, prejudiced, unjust 有偏见的,不公正的
symbol: [dɪs'pæ∫ənət]
zhuji: 【记】passionate（adj 充满热情的）博森的英文就是passion（n 激情；热情）
zhuji3000: 【根】 dis- [not, opposite of] + pass [feeling] + -ion [n.] + -ate [a.], (裁判) 没有 (加入个人) 感情的 → a. 客观公正的,不易被情绪或偏见影响的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 8)

正面: dispatch
definition: 【考法1】n. 迅速:promptness and efficiency in performance or transmission
[例] do sth with dispatch 迅速地做某事
[近] alacrity, haste, swiftness, expedition, promptitude
[反] leisureliness, delay, procrastination 悠然;拖延
【考法2】vt. 发送,派遣:to cause to go or be taken from one place to another
[例] to dispatch a messenger with urgent news 发送一个紧急消息
[近] transfer, transmit, transport, pack off
[反] accept, receive 接收
【考法3】vt. 使死亡:to deprive of life
[例] dispatch a criminal 处决罪犯‖The man dispatched the termites with professional efficiency. 那个男人技术纯熟地杀死了白蚁。
[反] animate 使有生命
【考法4】vt. 获胜,胜过…:to achieve a victory over
[例] They dispatched the other team with breaking a sweat. 他们险胜其他的队。
[近] conquer, defeat, subdue, triumph over, prevail over
[反] lose to 输给…
symbol: [dɪ'spæt∫]
zhuji: 【记】dis离开，patch妨碍－离开妨碍－迅速处理
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 8)

正面: dispose
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使倾向于:to give a tendency to: incline
[例] faulty diet disposes one to sickness 营养不全面导致疾病
[派] disposed adj. 喜欢的:willing or likely, inclined
[例] not feel disposed to argue with her 不喜欢与她争执
[近] willing, inclined, predisposed, prone
[反] disinclined, indisposed 不喜欢的
【考法2】vi. 处理掉(与of连用,dispose of):to get rid of; throw out
[派] disposal n. 处理,不再利用:the act of getting rid of something that is no longer wanted or needed
[例] the permanent disposal of radioactive wastes 对放射性废物的永久处理
【考法3】vt. 有序地布置:to place, distribute, or arrange especially in an orderly way
[例] Dispose the surgical instruments in the exact order in which they would be needed. 把手术仪器按他们被需要的顺序放置。
[近] array, arrange
[反] disarrange, disarray, disorder, upset, mess up, muss up 使混乱
symbol: [dɪ'spoʊz]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 8)

正面: disregard
definition: 【考法1】vt. 漠视,不关注:to pay no attention to
[例] disregard the advice of his executives 漠视管理者的建议
[近] ignore, overlook, slight
[反] heed, mind, regard, attend to 关注
【考法2】n. 缺乏兴趣,缺乏关心:lack of interest or concern
[例] Revelers fired guns in the air with complete disregard for the possible consequences. 饮酒狂欢者朝空中乱开枪,一点也不关心可能产生的后果。
[近] apathy, disinterestedness, incuriosity, nonchalance, torpor, unconcern
[反] concern, interest, regard 关心,感兴趣
symbol: [ˌdɪsrɪ'gɑ:rd]
zhuji3000: 【记】 dis- [opposite of, not] + regard [n.&v. 注意;考虑;尊重], opposite of “regard” → v. 漠视,不关注;缺乏兴趣,缺乏关心
[注] regard [n.&v. 注意;考虑;尊重] 的字面含义是“(一再 [re-] 地) 看 [词根gard]” (参guard [v. 看守],字面含义“keep watching”),指对某事物“关注,注意”;也表示对某人“尊重” (参respect)。
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 8)

正面: dissect
definition: 【考法1】vt. 仔细分析:to examine, analyze, or criticize in minute detail
[例] dissect some basic problems in mathematics analysis 仔细研究数学分析中的一些基本问题‖Let's dissect the plot of this thriller to see what makes it thrilling. 让我们来仔细分析一下这个恐怖电影为什么恐怖。
[近] analyze
【考法2】vt. 切成片(尤其是为了解剖研究):to cut apart or separate(tissue), especially for anatomical study
[例] dissect the brain of Einstein 解剖爱因斯坦的大脑
[近] anatomize, assay, break down
symbol: [dɪ'sekt]
zhuji: 【记】dis分开，sect切－分开切－解剖dis分开，sect（n 宗派；部分）－把人分成部分－解剖
zhuji3000: 【根】 dis- [apart] + sect [cut], cut apart, cut into parts → vt. 切成片 (尤其是为了解剖研究) ;引申 → vt.仔细分析
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 8)

正面: dissemble
definition: 【考法】v. 用假象隐藏真相,掩饰:to put on a false appearance
[例] dissemble fear with a smile 用微笑来掩饰恐惧‖He dissembled happiness at the news that his ex-girlfriend was getting married to someone else. 他听到前女友结婚的消息后假装高兴。
[近] dissimulate, affect, assume, bluff, counterfeit, fake, sham
[反] behave honestly 表现诚恳
symbol: [dɪ'sembl]
zhuji: 【记】dis，semble好像－好像不是真的因为做了掩饰
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 8)

正面: disseminate
definition: 【考法】vt. 散播,传播:to spread abroad; promulgate
[例] disseminate Marxism-Leninism 传播马列主义‖The Internet allows us to disseminate information faster. 互联网让我们更快地传播信息。
[近] broadcast, circulate, propagate
[反] gather, amass, garner 收集
symbol: [dɪ'semɪneɪt]
zhuji: 【记】dis向四面八方，semin种子，精子－散布
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 8)

正面: dissension
definition: 【考法】n. 意见不合:difference of opinion; disagreement
[例] Although we have dissension, we are friend all the same. 虽然我们意见不合,但我们还是朋友。‖There is a continued dissension among historians on the exact spot of Columbus's first landing. 对于哥伦布第一次的准确登陆地点这个问题,历史学家们总是存在分歧。
[近] conflict, disaccord, discordance, discordancy, disharmony, dissent, dissidence, dissonance, disunion, disunity, division, friction, inharmony, schism, strife, row, divergence
[反] accord, agreement, concord, concordance, harmony, consensus, unanimity 和谐,一致
symbol: [dɪ'sen∫n]
zhuji: 【记】dis分开，sens＝sense感觉－感觉不同－分歧
zhuji3000: 【根】 dis- [not] + sens [sense] + -ion [n.], not (same) sense → n. 意见不合
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 8)

正面: dissent
definition: 【考法1】vi. 持异议,不同意:to differ in opinion
[例] I dissent from what you said. 我不同意你说的话。‖Anyone who dissented was encouraged to speak out while they had the chance. 如果谁有异议,有机会都可以发言。
[近] differ, disagree, nonconcur
[反] agree, assent, concur 同意
【考法2】n. 反对正统:departure from a generally accepted theory, opinion, or practice
[例] The church reacted to any form of dissent by promptly excommunicating its proponents. 教堂会立即开除任何反对正统教义的人。
[近] heterodoxy, nonconformity
[反] conformity 遵从;orthodoxy 正统
【考法3】n. 意见不一致,不和谐:a lack of agreement or harmony
[近] conflict, disaccord, discordance, discordancy, disharmony, dissesion, dissidence, dissonance, disunion, disunity, division, friction, inharmony, schism, strife, row, divergence
[反] accord, agreement, concord, concordance, harmony, consensus, unanimity 和谐,一致
symbol: [dɪ'sent]
zhuji: 【记】dis不同，sent感觉－感觉不同－不同意
zhuji3000: 【根】 dis- [not, opposite of] + sent [sense], opposite sense → vi. 持异议,不同意;opposite of traditional sense → n. 反对正统;not the same sense → n. 意见不一致,不和谐
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 8)

正面: dissipate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 驱散:to drive away; disperse
[例] The wind finally dissipated the smoke. 风终于吹散了雾气。
[近] disband, dispel, disperse, scatter
[反] accumulate, gather, amass, cluster, assemble, concentrate, congregate 积聚
【考法2】vt. 浪费:to spend or expend intemperately or wastefully: squander
[例] dissipate too much time and effort 挥霍了太多的时间与精力
[近] waste, squander, lavish
[反] conserve 节省
【考法3】vi. 放纵:to indulge in the intemperate pursuit of pleasure, especially: to drink to excess
[近] indulge
symbol: ['dɪsɪpeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】dis向四面八方，sip（v 呷小口的喝）－到处吃喝－浪费
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 9)

正面: dissolute
definition: 【考法】adj. 放荡的,无节制的:lacking moral restraint; indulging in sensual pleasures or vices
[例] lead a dissolute life 过着放荡无节制的生活
[近] dissipated, libertine, rakish, reprobate
[反] abstinent, abstemious, temperate, ascetic, stoic, spartan, self-denying 自我节制的;pure, uncorrupt, uncorrupted 纯洁的,未堕落的
symbol: ['dɪsəlu:t]
zhuji: 【记】dis消除，solute（adj 溶解了的）－精力被溶解了的－放荡的dis不，sol独身：不是独身的－放荡的
zhuji3000: 【根】 dis- [apart] + solut [loosen] + -e [a.], (行为) 松散、无拘束 → a. 放荡的,无节制的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 9)

正面: dissolve
definition: 【考法1】v. 溶解,融化:to cause to pass into solution; to reduce(solid matter)to liquid form; melt
[例] Sugar dissolves in the water. 糖在水中溶解。
[近] liquefy, melt
[反] coagulate, solidify, freeze 凝结,凝固,结冰
【考法2】v. 解散:to break into component parts; disintegrate
[近] disintegrate, disband, break up
[反] consolidate, unify 使联合
【考法3】v. 驱散;(使)消失:to(cause to)cease to be visible; to(cause to)cease to exist
[例] The mist dissolved in the morning sun. 雾消失在朝阳中。
[近] dematerialize, vanish
[反] appear 出现;materialize 使实物化
【考法4】v. 废除,撤销:to put an end to by formal action
[例] The king dissolved parliament. 国王废除了议会。
[近] terminate, abrogate, annul, cancel, disannul, invalidate, negate, null, nullify, repeal, rescind
symbol: [dɪ'zɑ:lv]
zhuji: 【记】dis分开，solve＝release释放，免除－释放开－溶解
zhuji3000: 【根】 dis- [apart] + solv [loosen] + -e [v.], loosen, break apart, 解开、解散 (冰块等一整块物质) → v. 溶解,融化;解开、解除 (团队、联盟) → v. 解散;(雾) 散开 → v. 驱散;(使) 消失;解散 (议会) → v. 废除,撤销
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 9)

正面: dissonance
definition: 【考法】n.(音调)不和谐,刺身;不一致,分歧:a harsh, disagreeable combination of sounds; discord; lack of agreement, consistency, or harmony; conflict
[例] cognitive dissonance认识上的分歧‖Dissonance among the three partners doomed the project. 三个股东间的不调和注定了那计划的失败。
[近] conflict, disaccord, discordance, discordancy, disharmony, dissent, dissidence, disunion, disunity, division, friction, inharmony, schism, strife
[反] accord, agreement, concord, concordance, harmony, consensus, unanimity 和谐,一致
symbol: ['dɪsənəns]
zhuji: 【记】dis坏，son声音－声音不好－刺耳
zhuji3000: 【根】 dis- [apart] + son [sound] + -ance [n.], (be) apart in sound → n. (音调) 不和谐,刺耳;不一致,分歧
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (7, 9)

正面: dissuade
definition: 【考法】vt. 劝阻,反对:to deter(a person)from a course of action or a purpose by persuasion or exhortation
[例] dissuade sb from(doing)sth 劝阻/反对某人做某事‖Her parents tried to dissuade her from her intention to drop out of college. 她的父母劝她不要退学。
[近] deter, inhibit
[反] encourage 鼓励;persuade 说服
symbol: [dɪ'sweɪd]
zhuji: 【记】dis相反，suade＝advise建议，提议－提反对意见－劝阻
zhuji3000: 【根】 dis- [opposite of] + suade [persuade], opposite of “persuade” → vt. 劝阻,反对
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position: (7, 9)

正面: distain
definition: 【考法1】vt. 贬损,伤害(某人的)名誉:to cause to lose honor, respect, or reputation
[近] dishonor, belittle, denigrate, deprecate, depreciate, degrade
[反] praise, acclaim, applaud, exalt, extol, glorify, laud 赞扬
【考法2】vt. 弄脏:to make dirty
[例] hands distained with blood 被血弄脏的手
[近] bemire, besmirch, daub, muddy, smirch, smudge, soil, stain, sully
[反] clean 使干净
symbol: [dɪs'teɪn]
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position: (7, 9)

正面: distal
definition: 【考法】adj. 远离中心的,(神经)末梢的:situated away from the point of attachment or origin or a central point
[例] the distal end of nerve 神经末梢
[反] proximal 接近中心的
symbol: ['dɪstl]
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position: (7, 9)

正面: distend
definition: 【考法】v.(使)膨胀:to(cause to)swell out or expand from or as if from internal pressure
[例] The stomachs of starving people often distend. 饥民的肚子经常涨起来。
[近] expand, dilate, inflate, swell
[反] constrict, compress 收缩,压缩
symbol: [dɪ'stend]
zhuji: 【记】dis向四面八方，tend拉－使膨胀
zhuji3000: 【根】 dis- [away] + tend [stretch], 向外伸展 → v. (使) 膨胀
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position: (7, 9)

正面: distill
definition: 【考法1】vt. 对…用蒸馏法提高纯度:to increase the concentration of, separate, or purify by or as if by distillation
[例] Distill the water before pouring it in the steam iron. 在把水倒到熨斗里前蒸馏一下
[近] purify, filter, refine, fine
[派] distillate n. 蒸馏物,纯化物,精华:a purified form; an essence
【考法2】v.(使)渗出;(使)滴下:to fall or let fall in or as if in drops
[例] The basement walls distill water every time it rains heavily. 每次下大雨时,地下室的墙壁都会渗出水来。
[近] dribble, drop, trickle
symbol: [dɪ'stɪl]
zhuji: 【记】dis向下，still水滴－有向下的水滴－蒸馏
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position: (7, 9)

正面: distort
definition: 【考法】vt. 扭曲,歪曲:to twist out of the true meaning or proportion
[例] A painter may exaggerate or distort shapes and forms. 画家可能会夸张或扭曲形状。‖The coach's message was so distorted after passing through so many people that it was unintelligible. 教练的信息在经过许多人传递后已经被歪曲得很难看懂了。
[近] deform, misshape, torture, falsify, misinterpret, misrepresent, pervert, twist
symbol: [dɪ'stɔ:rt]
zhuji: 【记】dis坏，tort扭曲－扭坏－扭曲；曲解
zhuji3000: 【根】 dis- [away] + tort [twist], twist away, 扭离 → vt. 扭曲,歪曲
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position: (7, 9)

正面: distract
definition: 【考法1】vt. 转移(注意力),使分心:to draw or direct(as one's attention)to a different object
[例] be distracted by a sudden noise 被突然的噪音分心
[近] abstract, divert, detract, call off
[派] distracted adj. 精力分散的
[反] rapt 全心投入的
【考法2】vt. 使焦虑,使不安:to trouble the mind of; to make uneasy
[例] The students are easily distracted before the exam. 学生们在考试前很容易焦虑不安。
[近] agitate, bother, discomfort, discompose, dismay, disquiet, distress, perturb, upset
[反] calm, compose, quiet, soothe, tranquilize 平息,抚慰
【考法3】adj. 疯狂的:insane, mad
[近] insane, delirious, hysterical
symbol: [dɪ'strækt]
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position: (7, 10)

正面: distraught
definition: 【考法】adj. 精神狂乱的,极疯狂的:deeply agitated, as from emotional conflict; insane
[例] Her distraught mother had spent all night waiting by the phone. 她母亲忧心如焚,在电话旁守了一个晚上。
[近] agitated, delirious, distracted, frenzied, hysterical
[反] collected, composed, recollected, self-collected, self-composed, self-possessed 镇静的,平静的
symbol: [dɪ'strɔ:t]
zhuji: 【记】是distract（v 使精神错乱；使不安）的变体dis向四面八方，traught读：撞他－开着一辆破车到处乱撞－肯定是因为失恋了而心神狂乱的
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position: (7, 10)

正面: diurnal
definition: 【考法1】adj. 白天发生或行动的:occurring or active during the daytime rather than at night
[例] diurnal animals 昼行性动物
[反] nocturnal 夜晚的
【考法2】adj. 每天的:occurring, done, produced, or appearing every day
[例] a love as constant and certain as the diurnal tides 像每天潮汐一样始终如一的爱情
[近] daily, day-to-day
【考法3】adj. 期刊:a publication that appears at regular intervals
[例] A microfilm contains a collection of diurnals. 一个微缩胶片里包含很多期刊的合集。
[近] bulletin, magazine, periodical, review, serial, journal
symbol: [daɪ'ɜ:rnl]
zhuji: 【记】读：Diana（黛安娜）－虽然死的比较惨，但不能否认她是个行为正统的女人，因为她白天活动，而且她的脸也比较白－白天的
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position: (7, 10)

正面: diverge
definition: 【考法1】vt. 改变方向:to change one's course or direction
[例] The deer abruptly diverged from its intended path the moment it spied the waiting lion. 当那只鹿发现潜伏的狮子的时候就突然改变了自己原来的路线。
[近] detour, deviate, sheer, swerve, turn off
【考法2】vt.(使)分叉,散开:to(cause to)go or move in different directions from a central point
[例] At that point the road and the railroad tracks diverge. 公路和铁路在那个点分叉了。
[近] branch out, divide, spread
[反] converge, join 会合
【考法3】vi. 分歧:to become or be different in character or form: differ in opinion
[近] differ, disagree
[反] conform 遵从
[派] divergence n. 分歧,不同意:disagreement
【考法4】vi. 离题:to depart from a set course or norm; deviate
[近] excurse, ramble, get off the subject
symbol: [daɪ'vɜ:rʤ]
zhuji: 【记】di分开，verge（转移（脚步、目光等）的方向）－离题
zhuji3000: 【根】 di- [apart] + verg [turn] + -e [v.], turn (direction) apart → vt. 改变方向;(beam) turn apart → vt. (使) 分叉,散开;(opinions) turn apart → vi. 分歧;turn apart (from the subject) → vi. 离题
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position: (7, 10)

正面: diversity
definition: 【考法1】n. 多样性:variety or multiformity
[例] the diversity of species 物种的多样性
[近] diverseness, multifariousness, multiplicity, variousness, miscellaneousness
【考法2】n. 分歧,不同点:the quality or state of being different
[例] There is no fundamental diversity between the two ideologies. 这两种思想意识之间并没有根本的分歧。
[近] contrast, disagreement, discrepancy, disparateness, disparity, dissimilarity, dissimilitude, distinction, otherness, unlikeness
[反] alikeness, analogy, likeness, resemblance, sameness, similarity 相同,相似
symbol: [daɪ'vɜ:rsəti]
zhuji: 【记】di分开，vers转－多样性
zhuji3000: 【根】 di- [apart] + vers [turn] + -ity [n.], (species) turn apart → n. 多样性;(opinions) turn apart → n. 分歧,不同点
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position: (7, 10)

正面: divert
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使转向:to turn from one course or use to another: deflect
[例] divert traffic to a side street 使交通转至辅路
[近] deflect, redirect, swing, veer, wheel
[反] fix, set, settle 固定
【考法2】vt. 使消遣:to cause(someone)to pass the time agreeably occupied
[例] A light comedy divert the tired business executive. 一个轻松的喜剧让疲惫的企业主管人员得到了放松。
[近] disport, entertain, regale, solace
【考法3】vt. 使分心:to draw the attention or mind to something else
[例] divert one's attention 转移某人注意力‖The parents tried to divert the child with a toy while the doctor was giving her a shot. 当医生要给那个孩子打针的时候,她的父母试图用玩具转移其注意力。
[近] abstract, detract, call off
symbol: [daɪ'vɜ:rt]
zhuji: 【记】di离开，vert转－转向
zhuji3000: 【根】 di- [apart] + vert [turn], turn (apart) → vt. 使转向;使转向 (其他的事) → vt. 使分心;使转向 (轻松的事) → vt. 使消遣
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position: (7, 10)

正面: divestiture
definition: 【考法】n. 剥夺:the act of taking away from a person
[例] Melodramas were popular because they offered the audience a divestiture of neutrality. 情节剧之所以受到欢迎是因为他们给观众一个缺乏中立的(世界)。
[近] deprivation, dispossession
[反] acquisition 获得;endowment 捐赠
symbol: [daɪ'vestɪt∫ər]
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position: (7, 10)

正面: divulge
definition: 【考法】vt. 泄漏(秘密):to make known(as a confidence or secret)
[例] refuse to divulge details of the negotiations 拒绝透露谈判的细节内容‖We tried to make him divulge the name of the winner, but he wouldn't budge. 我们试图让他透露胜利者的名字,但是他没有那样做。
[近] bare, disclose, discover, expose, uncover, unmask, unveil
[反] conceal, cover up, hide, mask, shroud, veil 保密,隐藏
symbol: [daɪ'vʌlʤ]
zhuji: 【记】di向四面八方，vulge普通大众－散发给大众－透露读：待我知－有待于让我知道，说明有人会透露给我
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position: (7, 10)

正面: dodder
definition: 【考法】vi. 蹒跚,颤巍巍地行进:to progress feebly and unsteadily
[例] He could only dodder along after the operation. 他手术后只能步履蹒跚地走。
[近] careen, lurch, teeter, totter, waddle
symbol: ['dɑ:dər]
zhuji: 【记】读：倒的－倒着走路－蹒跚
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position: (7, 10)

正面: dodge
definition: 【考法】v. 躲避:to avoid(a blow, for example)by moving or shifting quickly aside
[例] dodge a storm of bullets 躲避枪林弹雨‖He dodged the first punch but was hit by the second. 他躲过了第一次打击,但是没有躲过第二次。
[近] avoid, escape, shirk, malinger, goldbrick, evade, parry, sidestep, circumvent, fence, hedge, avert, elude, shun, skirt, bilk, eschew, weasel
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symbol: [dɑ:ʤ]
zhuji: 【记】读：调职－目的是为了躲避诸如：小人，变态的上司，同性恋的同事等读：倒纸－假设有一天，一位张大爷对你说：“我要往你的头上倒纸！”你作何反应－强烈建议你闪开！大爷不禁打！
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position: (7, 10)

正面: doff
definition: 【考法】vt. 脱下:to take off; remove
[例] The blazing sun soon had the men doffing their jackets. 炙热的太阳很快就让男人们脱掉了夹克。
[近] put off, take off
[反] don, put on 穿上
symbol: [dɑ:f]
zhuji: 【记】与don一起记，off＝（take off）脱，on＝（put on）穿
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position: (8, 1)

正面: dogged
definition: 【考法1】adj. 坚持的,坚决的:continuing despite difficulties, opposition, or discouragement;showing no signs of slackening or yielding in one's purpose
[例] gain respect through sheer dogged determination 凭借单纯的坚决赢得了尊重‖a madman who spent his life in dogged pursuit of power 一个一生都坚持追求权力的疯子
[近] insistent, persevering, pertinacious, tenacious, determined
[反] easily discouraged 容易气馁的;yielded 屈服的
【考法2】adj. 固执的,任性的:sticking to an opinion, purpose, or course of action in spite of reason, arguments, or persuasion
[例] Your dogged adherence to a really lame argument is embarrassing. 你固执地坚持一个站不住脚的观点令人很尴尬。
[近] adamant, hardheaded, headstrong, inflexible, intransigent, mulish, obdurate opinionated, ossified, pertinacious, self-opinionated, self-willed, stubborn, unbending, uncompromising, unrelenting, unyielding, willful
[反] acquiescent, amenable, compliant, complying, flexible, pliable, pliant, relenting, yielding 顺从的
symbol: ['dɔ:gɪd]
zhuji: 【记】dog本身就有顽强的特征；如：dogma（n 教条）被顽强的坚持的东西
zhuji3000: 【根】 来自dog狗 → a. (褒义) 坚持的,坚决的;(贬义) 固执的,任性的
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position: (8, 1)

正面: dogma
definition: 【考法】n. 教条,信条:a doctrine or body of doctrines concerning faith or morals formally stated and authoritatively proclaimed by a church
[例] People are beginning to question the old dogmas. 人们开始质疑旧的信条。‖The newspaper seeks to be independent of political dogma. 这份报纸力求不受政治信条影响。
[近] credo, doctrine, gospel
[反] heresy, heterodoxy 异端邪说
[派] dogmatic adj. 独断的,武断的:characterized by an authoritative, arrogant assertion of unproved principles
[例] a dogmatic critic 独断的评论家
[近] dictatorial, dictative, authoritarian, authoritative, magisterial
symbol: ['dɔ:gmə]
zhuji: 【记】dog顽强的狗，顽强的坚持dog的mama－教条
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position: (8, 1)

正面: doldrums
definition: 【考法1】n. 低迷,中断:a state or period of inactivity, stagnation, or slump
[例] August is a time of doldrums for many enterprises. 对于许多企业来说八月是一个低迷期。‖The economy is in the doldrums. 经济低迷。
[近] abeyance, dormancy, latency, quiescence, moratorium
[反] continuation 持续
【考法2】n. 情绪不佳:a state or spell of low spirits
[例] The team had been in the doldrums ever since losing the championship. 整个队伍自从输了锦标赛以来一直情绪不佳。
[近] dejection, depression, desolation, despondence, dolefulness, gloom, melancholy, unhappiness
[反] bliss, ecstasy, elation, exhilaration, exuberance, exultation, jubilation, rapture, felicity 极度欢喜
symbol: ['doʊldrəmz]
zhuji: 【记】doldr＝dole（n 悲哀）参：doleful（adj 悲哀的；寂寞的）dol＝do，drum（n 鼓）：你们到了美利坚以后，经过几年的奋斗终于毕业了，结果美国赶上经济萧条期，你的工作是do drum（做鼓），你就和美国一样进入了忧郁期。
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position: (8, 1)

正面: dolorous
definition: 【考法】adj. 忧伤的:causing, marked by, or expressing misery or grief
[例] He lifted a pair of sapphire, dolorous eyes. 他抬起了一双忧郁的、蓝宝石般的眼睛。
[近] agonized, bemoaning, bewailing, deplorable, grievous, miserable, plaintive, rueful, sorrowful, woeful
[反] happy, joyful, jovial, jubilant 高兴的
symbol: ['doʊlərəs]
zhuji: 【记】dol悲哀 参：dolor（n 悲哀）
zhuji3000: 【根】 dol [grieve] + -or + -ous [a.] → a. 忧伤的
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position: (8, 1)

正面: dolt
definition: 【考法】n. 笨蛋:a stupid person
[例] What a dolt I have been! 我是多么的愚蠢啊!
[近] idiot, fool, moron, simpleton, dullard
[反] illuminati, intellectual 智者;genius 天才
[派] doltish adj. 愚笨的
symbol: [doʊlt]
zhuji: 【记】读：逗他（联想悟空逗八戒）
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position: (8, 1)

正面: domicile
definition: 【考法1】n. 住所,住宅:a residence; a home
[例] an alternate domicile in emergency 紧急情况下的住所
[近] home, dwelling, habitation, abode, house, lodging
【考法2】vt. 为…提供住处:to establish in or provide with a domicile
[例] The university domiciles students in a variety of buildings in and around its urban campus. 大学在城区校园周围为学生提供了多样化的宿舍。
[近] accommodate, bestow, lodge, harbor, put up
[反] banish, expel 驱逐
symbol: ['dɑ:mɪsaɪl]
zhuji3000: 【根】 dom [home] + -ic + -ile [n.&v.] → n. 住所,住宅 v. 为…提供住处
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position: (8, 1)

正面: dominant
definition: 【考法1】adj. 处于支配地位的:commanding, controlling, or prevailing over all others
[例] the dominant culture 主流文化
[近] ascendant, leading, outweighing, paramount, prevalent, principal, supreme
[反] subordinate(等级上)低的
[派] dominate v. 占主导地位,统治;dominance n. 主导,主流
【考法2】adj.(基因)显性的:of, relating to, or exerting ecological or genetic dominance
[反] recessive 隐性的
[派] dominance n.(基因的)显性
symbol: ['dɑ:mɪnənt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 domin [master] + -ant [a.], master → a. 处于支配地位的;(基因) 显性的
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position: (8, 1)

正面: don
definition: 【考法】vt. 穿上:to put on(an article of clothing)
[例] He donned a raincoat for his trip. 他为出行穿上雨衣。
[近] assume, wear, put on
[反] doff 脱下
symbol: [dɑ:n]
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position: (8, 1)

正面: donor
definition: 【考法】n. 捐赠人,给体:one that gives, donates, or presents something
[例] donors of funds to research foundations 研究基金的捐赠人
[近] donator, presenter, contributor, subscriber, patron, sugar daddy
[反] acceptor 受体
symbol: ['doʊnər]
zhuji3000: 【根】 don [give] + -or [n.], 给予者 → n. 捐赠人;给体
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position: (8, 1)

正面: doodle
definition: 【考法1】vi.(无目的地)乱涂乱画:to scribble aimlessly, especially when preoccupied
[例] I often doodle when I'm on the phone. 打电话时我经常乱写乱画。
[近] mess around
【考法2】vi. 漫无目的地打发时光:to spend time in aimless activity
[例] I plan to spend the entire vacation just doodling. 我打算整个假期就随便做点事打发时间。
[近] dawdle, trifle
symbol: ['du:dl]
zhuji: 【记】读：肚兜－在你穿肚兜的年龄画画，指望你画国画是不可能的，张大千也是如此，只有涂鸦的能力。
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position: (8, 2)

正面: dormant
definition: 【考法1】adj. 静止的,不活跃的:in a state of rest or inactivity; inoperative; in abeyance
[例] volcanoes which have been dormant for thousand years 休眠了上千年的火山
[近] dead, latent, lurking, abeyant, quiescent, inert
[反] active, busy, operating 活跃的
【考法2】adj.(动物)冬眠的:having biological activity suspended
[例] The bears lay dormant in their den during the winter. 在冬季,熊在他们的穴里冬眠。
[近] asleep, resting, napping, slumbering
[反] awake 清醒的
[派] dormancy n. 不活跃;冬眠
symbol: ['dɔ:rmənt]
zhuji: 【记】读：都闷他
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position: (8, 2)

正面: dour
definition: 【考法1】adj. 闷闷不乐的,死气沉沉的:sullen, gloomy
[例] The captain's dour look depressed us all. 船长闷闷不乐的脸色使我们所有人倍感低落。
[近] morose, sulky, surly, moody
[反] gay 欢快的
【考法2】adj. 严厉的:harsh and threatening in manner or appearance
[例] His dour criticism made us regret having undertaken the job. 他严厉的批评让我们后悔接下这活儿了。
[近] strict, sharp, austere, exacting, fierce, gruff, intimidating, rough, stark, stern
[反] benign, gentle, mild, tender 温和的
symbol: ['daʊər]
zhuji: 【记】do＋our＝打我们，暴徒打我们的时候绝对不会特别亲切，一定是脸色阴沉的表情
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position: (8, 2)

正面: douse
definition: 【考法1】vt. 熄灭:to put out(a light or fire)
[例] douse a fire with water 用水熄灭火焰
[近] quench, extinguish, put out
[反] kindle, ignite, inflame 点燃
【考法2】vt. 弄湿:to make wet
[例] The heavy rains thoroughly doused the tourists. 大雨把游客淋得透湿。
[近] deluge, bathe, drench, soak, sodden, sop, wet
[反] dehydrate, desiccate, dry 脱水,干燥;parch, scorch, sear 烧焦,烤焦
symbol: [daʊs]
zhuji: 【记】读：倒死－把李宏志先用火烧，在倒进水缸中。反复此过程1万次，将他致死而得“圆满”－熄灭；浸入dose剂量，u象小水杯：把牛黄解毒丸浸入小水杯，让你喝下去－去火。
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position: (8, 2)

正面: downplay
definition: 【考法】vt. 轻描淡写,不予重视:to minimize the significance of, play down
[例] downplay the bad news 对坏消息轻描淡写
[近] de-emphasize, disregard, ignore, overlook, neglect, understate, play down
[反] address, emphasize, underscore 强调
symbol: [ˌdaʊn'pleɪ]
zhuji3000: 【根】 down + play, play down [贬低] → v. 轻描淡写,不予重视
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position: (8, 2)

正面: downpour
definition: 【考法】n. 倾盆大雨:a heavy fall of rain
[例] power failure due to the downpour 暴雨导致的电力中断
[近] deluge, downfall, cloudburst, rainstorm
[反] drizzle, sprinkle 细雨
symbol: ['daʊnpɔ:r]
zhuji3000: 【根】 down + pour, pour down → n. 倾盆大雨
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position: (8, 2)

正面: doyen
definition: 【考法1】n. 有经验的人,资深人士:a person considered to be knowledgeable or uniquely skilled as a result of long experience in some field of endeavor
[例] a doyen in the industry 业界的元老
[近] authority, expert, master, maven, veteran, virtuoso
[反] amateur, layman 业余爱好者,门外汉;tyro, novice, neophyte, rookie, fledgling 新手
【考法2】n.(加入时间较长的)高级会员:the senior member of a group
[例] He's the doyen of the admission committee, and his opinion has considerable weight. 他是招生委员会里的老人了,所以他的话格外有分量。
[近] elder, senior
[反] junior 新人
symbol: ['dɔɪən]
zhuji: 【记】读：导演，有大胡子的人，老，地位高－老资格
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position: (8, 2)

正面: doze
definition: 【考法】vi./n. 小憩:to sleep lightly or briefly
[例] He dozed off during the lecture. 他在讲座上睡着了。
[近] drowse, nap, wink, slumber
[反] wake 醒来
symbol: [doʊz]
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position: (8, 2)

正面: draconian
definition: 【考法】adj. 极其残酷的;十分严厉的:exceedingly harsh; very severe
[例] abolish a draconian legal code 废除一部严酷的法典
[近] rigid, ironhanded, strict, stringent
[反] mild, genial, lenient 温和的
symbol: [drə'koʊniən]
zhuji: 【记】读：住口！你！（赶快找一个人发泄一下背单词的痛苦，考他几个你不会的巨难单词，如果他不会还则罢了，反之对他严厉的大喊：住口！你！）
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position: (8, 2)

正面: drawl
definition: 【考法】v. 慢吞吞地说:to speak slowly with vowels greatly prolonged
[例] The old woman was drawling on and on. 老太太慢吞吞地说个没完。
[近] extend, lengthen, prolong, protract, draw out
[反] drivel, gibber 快速(而模糊)地说
symbol: [drɔ:l]
zhuji: 【记】draw拉，1（声音被拉长的状态）一拉长调子的说话
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position: (8, 2)

正面: dreary
definition: 【考法1】adj. 单调乏味的:having nothing likely to provide cheer, comfort, or interest
[例] The day is cold, rainy, and dreary. 天气寒冷,阴暗而沉闷。
[近] desolate, gloomy, sullen, dull, monotone, pedestrian, somber
[反] jocund 令人欢乐的
【考法2】adj. 令人不悦的:causing unhappiness
[例] The couple decided to see a professional counselor in order to save their dreary marriage. 这对夫妇决定咨询专业人士以拯救他们悲剧式的婚姻。
[近] depressing, dismal, heartbreaking, mournful, pathetic, melancholy
[反] cheering 令人高兴的
[派] drearily adv. 令人厌烦地
symbol: ['drɪri]
zhuji: 【记】a dream is not dreary
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position: (8, 3)

正面: drench
definition: 【考法】vt. 使湿透,浸透:to wet thoroughly
[例] The thunderstorm drenched us to the skin. 雷雨把我们浇了个透。
[近] bathe, deluge, douse, soak, saturate, sodden, sop, wet
[反] dehydrate, desiccate, dry 脱水,干燥;parch, scorch, sear 烧焦,烤焦
symbol: [drent∫]
zhuji: 【记】d地，ren人，ch吃：人坐在地上吃饭，吃的太多就起不来了，而且还想方便一下，忍不住就湿透了。源于：drink喝（得太多就湿透了）
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position: (8, 3)

正面: drivel
definition: 【考法1】n. 胡言乱语:unintelligible or meaningless talk
[例] My roommate talks in her sleep, but it's just drivel. 我的室友会说梦话,但都是些没有意义的呓语。
[近] abracadabra, nonsense, prattle, gabble
【考法2】v. 胡言乱语,说傻话:to talk stupidly and carelessly
[例] He always drivel on about his“distinguished”family. 他总是痴痴地说着他所谓的“名门”出身。
[近] babble, gabble, gibber, jabber
symbol: ['drɪvl]
zhuji: 【记】drive＋l：做过北京的面的就会有体会：北京的driver是最能胡说的，一不留神就上了中央一了。
zhuji3000: 【联】 drive + long, 满嘴跑火车,说话不着边际 → n. 胡言乱语 v. 胡言乱语,说傻话
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position: (8, 3)

正面: drizzle
definition: 【考法】vi./n.(下)细小、轻柔、似雾的雨,毛毛雨:a fine misty rain
[例] The intermittent drizzle was just heavy enough to spoil all of our outdoor activities. 断断续续的小雨恰好大到让我们所有的户外活动都泡汤。
[近] mist, sprinkle
[反] deluge, downpour 倾盆大雨
[派] drizzling adj.(雨)细小的
symbol: ['drɪzl]
zhuji: 【记】读：追走：能追上走的，但又不是跑，因为下的是drizzle，而不是deluge读：追揍！在drizzle中追着揍李宏志！
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position: (8, 3)

正面: droll
definition: 【考法】adj. 古怪有趣的,离奇可笑的:amusingly odd or whimsically comical
[例] a droll man with a strong dialect 一个带着浓郁口音的有意思的人
[近] antic, comic, farcical, funny, hilarious, laughable, humorous, ridiculous, ludicrous, uproarious, whimsical
[反] lame, unamusing, uncomic, unfunny, unhumorous, unhysterical 不幽默的,无趣的
[派] drollness n. 古怪
symbol: [droʊl]
zhuji: 【记】源于doll（n 洋娃娃；莎士比亚用doll形容美丽但无头脑的女子，比如：朱茵小姐）
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position: (8, 3)

正面: drone
definition: 【考法1】v. 低沉单调地说;嗡嗡地叫:to talk in a persistently dull or monotonous tone
[例] droning bees 嗡嗡作响的蜜蜂
[近] hum, buzz, bumble
【考法2】n.(昆虫振翅般)单调嗡嗡的声音:a monotonous sound like that of an insect in motion
[例] hear the drone of an helicopter overhead 听到头顶直升机嗡嗡的声音
[近] burr, whir
【考法3】vi. 混日子:to spend time doing nothing
[例] Instead of getting a job, he preferred to drone and live off his parents. 相对于找个工作来说,他更喜欢什么也不做,依靠他的父母过日子
[近] dally, dawdle, hang, laze, loll, lounge
symbol: [droʊn]
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position: (8, 3)

正面: drudgery
definition: 【考法】n. 苦工;单调、卑贱或无趣的工作:tedious, menial, or unpleasant work
[例] get away from the drudgery of their everyday lives 摆脱每日单调无聊的工作
[近] labor, slavery, toil, travail, grind
[反] sinecure 闲职,美差;fun, play 玩耍,娱乐
symbol: ['drʌʤəri]
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position: (8, 3)

正面: dubious
definition: 【考法1】adj. 充满不定性的,值得怀疑的:giving rise to uncertainty; questionable or suspect as to true nature or quality
[例] a dubious assertion 一个值得怀疑的论调
[近] debatable, doubtful, disputable, equivocal, problematic, questionable, shaky
[反] certain, incontestable, undeniable 确定的,毋庸置疑的;reliable 可靠的
【考法2】adj.(对事实等)持怀疑态度的:not feeling sure about the truth, wisdom, or trustworthiness of someone or something
[例] dubious about a diet that claims I can eat all I want and still lose weight 对于一份声称可以一边随心所欲地吃而一边减肥的节食方案表示怀疑
[近] distrustful, skeptical, suspicious, unsure
[反] convinced, positive, sure 持肯定态度的,确信的
[派] dubiety n. 可疑,怀疑
【考法3】adj. 迟疑不决的,不愿行动的:slow to begin or proceed with a course of action because of doubts or uncertainty
[例] I'm dubious about our plan to go hang gliding without having had any training. 我对于不做任何训练就去玩滑翔感到很迟疑
[近] undecided, disinclined, loath, reluctant, reticent
[反] disposed, inclined 倾向于…的
symbol: ['du:biəs]
zhuji: 【记】dub二，ious－有二种状态的－怀疑的
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position: (8, 3)

正面: ductile
definition: 【考法1】adj. 可塑的,有延展性的:easily molded or shaped, malleable
[例] Gold is a kind of ductile metal. 金是一种有延展性的金属。
[近] malleable, moldable
[反] inflexible 僵硬的
【考法2】adj. 易受影响的:easily led or influenced
[例] a ductile personality 易受他人影响的性格
[近] pliant, yielding, supple
[反] adamant, intractable, refractory, obdurate 倔强的,不易改变立场的
symbol: ['dʌktaɪl]
zhuji3000: 【根】 duct [lead] + -ile [a.], easy to lead → (材料) a. 可塑的,有延展性的;易受影响的
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position: (8, 3)

正面: dulcet
definition: 【考法】adj. 悦耳的,令人愉悦的:pleasing to the ear; melodious; generally pleasing or agreeable
[例] dulcet tones from harps and flutes 竖琴和长笛发出的悦耳音调
[近] sweet, agreeable, delightful, euphonic, mellifluous, tuneful, winsome
[反] cacophonous, grating 刺耳的
symbol: ['dʌlsɪt]
zhuji: 【记】dulc甜－声音甜甜的－悦耳的
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position: (8, 3)

正面: dullard
definition: 【考法】n. 笨蛋:a stupid or unimaginative person
[近] moron, simpleton, idiot, fool
[反] wit 机智的人;genius 天才
[派] dull adj. 愚笨的
symbol: ['dʌlɑ:rd]
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position: (8, 4)

正面: dupe
definition: 【考法1】n. 复制品,复制:something that is made to look exactly like something else
[例] He built a dupe of the original model which is locked in a vault. 他仿造保险柜里的模型做了一个复制品。
[近] clone, duplicate, facsimile, imitation, mock, replica
[反] archetype, original, prototype 原型
【考法2】n. 易受骗的人:one that is easily deceived or cheated
[例] The swindler was able to escape with all of the dupe's money. 骗子带着受骗人的财产成功逃跑了。
[近] fool, victim, gull
[反] connoisseur 行家,鉴赏家
【考法3】vt. 欺骗:to deceive(an unwary person)
[例] The public is easily duped by extravagant claims in advertising. 大众极易被广告中夸大的介绍误导。
[近] bamboozle, beguile, cheat, cozen, delude, gull, hoax, hoodwink
[派] dupable adj. 易受骗的
symbol: [du:p]
zhuji: 【记】du肚，pe破：容易上当的人经常闹笑话，笑得du子都pe了。
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position: (8, 4)

正面: duplicity
definition: 【考法】n. 欺骗,口是心非:deliberate deceptiveness in behavior or speech
[例] accidentally reveal their duplicity 不经意间暴露了他们的口是心非
[近] artifice, deceit, craft, cunning, fraudulence, guile
[反] honesty, artlessness, forthrightness, guilelessness, ingenuousness, sincerity 诚实,坦诚
symbol: [du:'plɪsəti]
zhuji: 【记】du二，pilc重叠一有二层重叠的态度一口是心非
zhuji3000: 【根】 du- [double] + plic [fold] + -ity [n.], two-fold, 双重的、不一致的 → n. 欺骗,口是心非
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position: (8, 4)

正面: dwindle
definition: 【考法】vi. 逐渐减少:to become gradually less until little remains
[例] His vast fortune is dwindling away. 他的巨额财富正在慢慢缩水。
[近] abate, decrease, drop, diminish, reduce, shrink, taper, wane, knock down
[反] aggrandize, balloon, burgeon, increase 增加;accumulate 累积
[派] dwindling adj. 减少的
symbol: ['dwɪndl]
zhuji: 【记】象wind的一样消逝－逐渐减少
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position: (8, 4)

正面: dyspeptic
definition: 【考法1】adj. 脾气坏的:bad-tempered
[例] The sultry day makes us dyspeptic. 闷热潮湿的天气让我们变得脾气暴躁。
[近] cantankerous, disagreeable, irritable, fretful, irascible, peevish, splenetic, surly
[反] amiable, easygoing, genial, good-humored, good-natured, good-tempered 随和的,和蔼的
【考法2】adj. 消化不良的:pertaining to, subject to, or suffering from dyspepsia
[派] dyspepsia n. 消化不良
symbol: [dɪs'peptɪk]
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position: (8, 4)

正面: earnest
definition: 【考法】adj. 严肃认真的:characterized by or proceeding from an intense and serious state of mind, grave
[例] an earnest machine operator 一丝不苟的机器操作员
[近] grave, serious, solemn, staid, sober
[反] facetious, frivolous, flip, flippant, playful 轻浮的
symbol: ['ɜ:rnɪst]
zhuji: 【记】earn money要earnest
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position: (8, 4)

正面: earshot
definition: 【考法】n. 听力所及的范围:the range within which one may hear a person's unaided voice
[例] wait until he was out of earshot 等到他听不见的时候
[近] hail, hearing, sound
symbol: ['ɪr∫ɑ:t]
zhuji: 【记】ear耳，shot射程
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position: (8, 4)

正面: earsplitting
definition: 【考法】adj. 震耳欲聋的:distressingly loud or shrill
[例] earsplitting noise of airplane engines 飞机引擎的巨大噪音
[近] blaring, blasting, deafening, loud, piercing, plangent, resounding, roaring, stentorian, thunderous
[反] gentle, soft(音乐)轻柔的
symbol: [ɪr'splɪtɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】ear耳，split（v 劈开）：声音大的可以劈开耳朵－震耳欲聋的
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position: (8, 4)

正面: eavesdrop
definition: 【考法】vi. 偷听:to listen secretly to the private conversation of others
[例] eavesdrop on the conversation 偷听谈话
[近] overhear, wiretap
symbol: ['i:vzdrɑ:p]
zhuji: 【记】eaves（n 屋檐），drop（n /v 滴）：在屋檐滴水的地方偷听
zhuji3000: 【根】 eaves [屋檐] + drop [滴水], 站在滴水的屋檐下 (以听到屋内的讲话) → v. 偷听
[注] eaves [屋檐] 与over [在…上] 同源
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position: (8, 4)

正面: ebullient
definition: 【考法】adj. 热情奔放的:zestfully enthusiastic
[例] The ebullient dancers left an enduring impression on us. 热情洋溢的舞者给我们留下了难以磨灭的印象。
[近] boiling, exuberant, effervescent, vivacious
[反] tepid, torpid 无精打采的
[派] ebullience n. 热情洋溢
symbol: [ɪ'bʌliənt]
zhuji3000: 【联】 e- [ex-, out] + bull [公牛] + - (i) ent [a.], 像公牛一样跑出 → a. 热情奔放的
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position: (8, 4)

正面: eccentric
definition: 【考法】adj. 行为出格的,不循规蹈矩的:deviating from conventional or accepted usage or conduct
[例] an eccentric millionaire 行为怪异的百万富翁
[近] strange, bizarre, erratic, idiosyncratic, odd, offbeat, outlandish, quaint, weird
[反] ordinary, regular 常规的
[派] eccentricity n. 古怪
symbol: [ɪk'sentrɪk]
zhuji: 【记】ec出，centri中心一出中心一古怪的；离心的
zhuji3000: 【根】 ec- [ex-, out] + centr [center] + -ic [a.], out of center → a. 行为出格的,不循规蹈矩的
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position: (8, 5)

正面: éclat
definition: 【考法】n. 辉煌成就:brilliant or conspicuous success
[例] The premier of Mozart's Le Nozze di Figaro enjoyed a great éclat in 1786. 莫扎特歌剧《费加罗的婚礼》于1786年的首演获得了极大的成功。
[近] fame, renown, brilliance, triumph
[反] debacle, fiasco 惨败
symbol: [eɪ'klæ]
zhuji: 【记】ec出，la拉，t他（lat作为词根“选择”）：拉（选）他出来讲话，这种人在公司里就是老总，在博森里就是老管，在大会堂里就是老江，因为他们有辉煌的成就。
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position: (8, 5)

正面: eclipse
definition: 【考法1】n. 下降,衰退:a change to a lower state or level
[例] the eclipse of the town from a grand seaside resort to a tacky tourist trap 该城镇从壮丽辉煌的海边旅游圣地退化成了俗气的坑人景点
[近] decadence, degeneration, degradation, deterioration, ebb, fall
[反] ascent, rise, upswing 上升,崛起
【考法2】vt. 使声望下降,使黯然失色:to obscure or diminish in importance, fame, or reputation
[例] Her score eclipsed the old record. 她的分数使旧的纪录黯然失色。
[近] adumbrate, obscure, overshadow
【考法3】vt.(在数量、品质上)超越:to be greater, better, or stronger than
[例] The brilliant young pianist now eclipsed even his own mentor in musical artistry. 这位极富天赋的小钢琴家如今甚至已超越了他的音乐导师。
[近] beat, exceed, excel, outshine, outstrip, surpass, transcend
[反] fall behind 落后
symbol: [ɪ'klɪps]
zhuji: 【记】lipse＝leave离开一名声离去－名声跌落；黯然失色ec出，lip嘴唇，se：癞吻死妓噘嘴亲你一下－名声跌落
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position: (8, 5)

正面: ecstasy
definition: 【考法1】n. 无法自控的情绪:a state of being beyond reason and self-control
[例] an ecstasy of rage 无法自控的愤怒
[近] mania, rhapsody
[反] self-control 自控,自制;composure, sangfroid 镇定
【考法2】n. 狂喜:intense joy or delight
[例] be in ecstasy over the offer from Harvard University 因被哈佛录取而欣喜若狂
[近] delight, elation, euphoria, exhilaration, rapture, transport
[反] depression, melancholy 沮丧
symbol: ['ekstəsi]
zhuji: 【记】ec出，stasy站一高兴得站立出来一狂喜
zhuji3000: 【根】 ec- [ex-, out] + stas [stand] + -y [n.], (emotion) stand out (of control) → n. 无法自控的情绪;特指 → n. 狂喜
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position: (8, 5)

正面: ecumenical
definition: 【考法1】adj. 全球基督教会的:of, relating to, or representing the whole of a body of churches
[近] catholic
[反] diocesan 主教管辖特定小教区的
【考法2】adj. 世界范围的,普遍性的:worldwide or general in extent, influence, or application
[例] an ecumenical scope 国际视野
[近] universal, cosmopolitan, global, planetary, worldwide
[反] provincial, insular 狭隘的
symbol: [ˌi:kju:'menɪkl]
zhuji: 【记】e出，cu苦，men人：出来做苦人的是那些传教士，目的是教全世界一般大众都接受他们的理念，而那些呆在ocean的是diocesan（见下）
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position: (8, 5)

正面: edible
definition: 【考法】adj. 可食用的:fit to be eaten
[例] No chemicals in the laboratory is edible. 实验室中的任何化学试剂都不能食用。
[近] eatable, comestible, consumable, digestible, esculent
[反] inedible 不可食用的
[派] edibility n. 可食用
symbol: ['edəbl]
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position: (8, 5)

正面: edifice
definition: 【考法1】n. 大厦;大建筑物:a large or massive structure
[例] The Capitol is one of the most impressive edifices in the United States. 国会山是美国最令人印象深刻的建筑之一。
[近] building, erection, palace
[反] cottage 小棚舍
【考法2】n. 基础,基本构架:the arrangement of parts that gives something its basic form
[例] The edifice of the argument is quite simple, once you get past the fancy language. 只要你看透了表面花哨的语言,你会发现这段论证的基本构架是非常简单的。
[近] architecture, configuration, framework, skeleton, structure
symbol: ['edɪfɪs]
zhuji: 【记】edify你情操的东西是edifice该词是托福单词，背它的时候我还不知道和edify的关系，试试下法：读：挨着地的匪夷所思的东西－大厦edifice是经过edify启发后的产物。
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position: (8, 5)

正面: efface
definition: 【考法】vt. 擦掉,抹去;使不明显:to eliminate or make indistinct by or as if by wearing away a surface
[例] efface those unpleasant memories 抹去那些不快的记忆
[近] eradicate, erase, expunge, exterminate, extirpate, liquidate, eclipse, obliterate, wipe, root out
[反] blazon, decorate 装饰;emboss 使凸起,使显现
[派] self-effacing adj. 谦卑的,低调的
symbol: [ɪ'feɪs]
zhuji: 【记】ef去掉，face脸，表面－去掉表面－擦掉
zhuji3000: 【根】 ef- [ex-, out] + face [face], 去掉表面 → vt. 擦掉,抹去;使不明显
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position: (8, 5)

正面: effervesce
definition: 【考法1】vi. 冒泡:to bubble, hiss, and foam as gas escapes
[例] effervesce with bubbles 冒气泡
[近] bubble, foam, froth
【考法2】vi. 兴奋,热情洋溢:to show high spirits or animation
[例] effervesce over the news of victory 因胜利的消息而兴奋
[近] rejoice, exult, jubilate, triumph
[反] grieve 感到极度悲伤
[派] effervescent adj. 热情洋溢的;effervescence n. 热情洋溢
symbol: [ˌefər'ves]
zhuji: 【记】ef出，ferv煮，热－煮出气泡－热情洋溢
zhuji3000: 【根】 ef- [out] + ferv [hot] + -esce [v.], hot, 水热到极致,烧开 → vi. 冒泡;人的心情hot → vi. 兴奋,热情洋溢
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position: (8, 5)

正面: effete
definition: 【考法1】adj. 衰弱的,衰落的:depleted of vitality, force, or effectiveness
[例] an effete monarchy 奄奄一息的君主制
[近] consumed, debilitated, decadent, degenerate, depleted, drained, exhausted, feeble
[反] hale, sound, robust 强健的,充满活力的
[派] effetely adv. 衰弱地
【考法2】adj. 缺乏信念的,懦弱的:lacking strength of will or character
[例] The government is too effete to take out the powerful special interests that really ruin this state. 该国政府过于懦弱,不敢去摧毁那些祸害国家的特殊利益集团。
[近] frail, invertebrate, nerveless, spineless
[反] backboned, firm, hard, strong, tough 刚毅的
symbol: [ɪ'fi:t]
zhuji: 【记】ef出，fete（n 庆祝vt 宴请）：天天出去吃宴会，花天酒地，不锻炼身体，唯一的结果就是－不孕，精疲力竭回忆：barren（酒吧人－不孕的）
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position: (8, 5)

正面: effluvium
definition: 【考法1】n. 难闻的气味:an offensive exhalation or smell
[例] Repulsive effluvia made us vomit. 这恶臭让我们作呕。
[近] malodor, stink, stench
[反] fragrance, aroma 芳香
[派] effluvial adj. 恶臭的
【考法2】n. 没用的副产品,废品:a by-product especially in the form of waste
[例] With nothing but effluvia obtained, researchers decided to abandon this method. 由于得不到目标产物,研究者们决定放弃这种方法。
[近] dross, refuse, rubbish, trash, waste
symbol: [ɪ'flu:viəm]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ef- [ex-, out] + flu (v) [flow] + -ium [n.], (sth.) flow out → n. 难闻的气味;没用的副产品,废品
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position: (8, 6)

正面: effrontery
definition: 【考法】n. 厚颜无耻,放肆大胆:flagrant disregard of courtesy or propriety and an arrogant assumption of privilege
[例] The man had the effrontery to insult her father. 这个男人胆敢辱骂她的父亲。
[近] audacity, brashness, brazenness, insolence, nerve, presumption, temerity
[反] decorum, propriety, courtesy, grace 得体;timidity 胆小
symbol: [ɪ'frʌntəri]
zhuji: 【记】ef去掉，front脸面－去掉脸面－厚颜无耻
zhuji3000: 【根】 ef- [ex-, out] + front [前面,指代“脸”] + -ery [n.], 不要脸 → n. 厚颜无耻,放肆大胆
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position: (8, 6)

正面: effulgent
definition: 【考法】adj. 光辉灿烂的:shining brilliantly; resplendent
[例] an effulgent sunset on the Atlantic 大西洋上壮丽辉煌的日落
[近] bright, beaming, glorious, luminous, radiant, splendid
[反] dim, murky, dull 模糊的,黯淡的
[派] effulgence n. 光辉
symbol: [ɪ'fʌlʤənt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ef- [ex-, out] + fulg [shine] + -ent [a.], shine out, 向外照耀 → a. 光辉灿烂的
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position: (8, 6)

正面: effusive
definition: 【考法】adj. 感情泛滥的/溢于言表的;感情表达不节制的/过度的;过分多情的:unrestrained or excessive in emotional expression
[例] The principal delivered an effusive address at the commencement ceremony. 校长在毕业典礼上做了充满感情的演讲。
[近] emotional, expansive, demonstrative, gushy, passionate
[反] inhibited, reserved, restrained 节制的;undemonstrative, unemotional 不易动情的;numb, torpid 麻木不仁的
[派] effusion n. 流出,溢出
symbol: [ɪ'fju:sɪv]
zhuji: 【记】ef出，fus流－流出的
zhuji3000: 【根】 ef- [ex-, out] + fus [pour] + -ive [a.], (flow of emotion) pour out → a. 感情泛滥/溢于言表的;感情表达不节制和过度的;过分多情的
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position: (8, 6)

正面: egalitarian
definition: 【考法】adj. 平等主义的:affirming, promoting, or characterized by belief in equal political, economic, social, and civil rights for all people
[例] the egalitarian principle guiding his endeavor 引导他奋斗的平等主义原则
[近] disinterested, impartial, unprejudiced, unbiased, objective
[反] inequitable, discriminating, unfair 有偏见的,不公平的
[派] egalitarianism n. 平等主义
symbol: [iˌgælɪ'teriən]
zhuji: 【记】equal（adj 相等的）
zhuji3000: 【记】 来自equality [n. 平等] (g与qu的发音是相对应的清浊辅音) → a. 平等主义的
【联】 后缀-arian表示“…主义的”, 例如humanitarian [人道主义的]。
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position: (8, 6)

正面: egoistic
definition: 【考法】adj. 利己的,以自我为中心的:being centered in or preoccupied with oneself and the gratification of one's own desires
[例] egoistic behaviors others detest 令他人厌恶的利己行为
[近] egocentric, self-centered, individualistic, navel-gazing
[反] altruistic, selfless 利他的,无私的
[派] ego n. 自大,自我;egoism n. 利己主义;egoist n. 以自我为中心的人
symbol: [ˌegoʊ'ɪstɪk]
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position: (8, 6)

正面: elaborate
definition: 【考法1】[ɪ'læbərət] adj. 详细的,复杂的:marked by complexity, fullness of detail, or ornament
[例] an elaborate manual 内容详尽的使用手册
[近] circumstantial, complex, complicated, intricate, knotty, minute, particular, particularized, sophisticated
[反] sketchy, brief, compendious, summary 概要性的
【考法2】[ɪ'læbəreɪt] vt. 详细阐述:to expand something in detail
[例] The defense committee asked the PhD candidate to elaborate one critical assumption in his thesis. 答辩委员会要求答辩的博士进一步说明他毕业论文中的一个关键假设。
[近] develop, expand, amplify, explain
[反] abstract, abbreviate, condense, simplify 简化;downplay, ignore, neglect, overlook 忽视,忽略
symbol: None
zhuji: 【记】e出，labor（n 劳动）一劳动出来的一精致复杂的
zhuji3000: 【根】 e- [ex-, out] + labor [work] + -ate [a.&v.], work out, (为…) 做出 (大量) 工作 → a. 详细的,复杂的 vt. 详细阐述
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position: (8, 6)

正面: elastic
definition: 【考法1】adj. 有弹性的:easily resuming original shape after being stretched or expanded
[例] elastic rubber band 弹性橡胶圈
[近] bouncy, flexible, malleable, resilient, stretchable, supple
[反] rigid, stiff 僵化的
[派] inelastic adj. 无弹性的,非弹性的
【考法2】adj. 能(迅速从伤痛中)恢复的:capable of recovering quickly especially from depression or disappointment
[例] owe her success to an elastic optimistic nature 将她的成功归因于能迅速走出悲伤的乐观品质
[近] adaptable, adjustable, buoyant, pliable, volatile
[反] established, fixed, immutable 不变的
symbol: [ɪ'læstɪk]
zhuji: 【记】last（v 持续；维持）－能维持原状一有弹性的
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position: (8, 6)

正面: elate
definition: 【考法】vt. 使开心,使自豪:to fill with joy or pride
[例] The phenomenal sales record elated him. 卓越的业绩让他高兴不已。
[近] cheer, excite, exhilarate, inspire, stimulate
[反] depress, dishearten, sadden 使沮丧
[派] elated adj. 高兴的;elation n. 高兴
symbol: [i'leɪt]
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position: (8, 6)

正面: eleemosynary
definition: 【考法】adj. 慈善的:of, relating to, or supported by charity
[例] an eleemosynary foundation funded by the Bill Gates 由比尔·盖茨夫妇资助的慈善基金
[近] benevolent, charitable, humane, humanitarian, philanthropic
[反] parsimonious 吝啬的
symbol: [ˌelɪɪ'mɑ:si:nəri]
zhuji: 【记】源于alms（n 施舍；救济物）
zhuji3000: 【联】 ele [elegance] + e- [ex-, out] + mos [miss, send] + yn + -ary [a.], 优雅、高尚地送出的 → a. 慈善的
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position: (8, 6)

正面: elegy
definition: 【考法】n. 哀歌(诗),挽歌(诗):a song or poem expressing sorrow or lamentation
[例] a moving elegy played at the funeral 葬礼上演奏的催人泪下的挽歌
[近] dirge, lamentation, requiem
[反] ode 颂歌,颂词
symbol: ['eləʤi]
zhuji: 【记】dirge（n 挽歌）dirt＋ge歌
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position: (8, 7)

正面: elephantine
definition: 【考法1】adj. 巨大的:having enormous size or strength
[例] an elephantine meteor crate 巨大的陨石坑
[近] huge, colossal, enormous, gargantuan, gigantic, massive, prodigious, tremendous
[反] microscopic, minute, tiny, infinitesimal 细微的,微小的
【考法2】adj. 笨拙的:clumsy, ponderous
[例] elephantine movements 笨拙的行动
[近] awkward, graceless, maladroit
[反] graceful 优雅的
symbol: [ˌelɪ'fænti:n]
zhuji: 【记】elephant（n 大象）
zhuji3000: 【记】 elephant [大象] + -ine [a.], 像大象一样 → a. 巨大的;笨拙的
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position: (8, 7)

正面: elevate
definition: 【考法1】vt.(在道德、智力、文化水平上)提升:to improve morally, intellectually, or culturally
[例] a novel that both entertains and elevates readers 一本寓教于乐的小说
[近] advance, boost, enhance, ennoble, raise, upgrade
[反] abase, debase, demote, degrade 贬低
[派] elevation n. 提升
【考法2】vt. 使兴奋:to raise the spirits of
[例] one of the most elevating moments in their lives 生命中最让人兴奋的时刻之一
[近] elate, enrapture, exhilarate, intoxicate, transport
[反] depress 使沮丧
symbol: ['elɪveɪt]
zhuji: 【记】e（出），lev（举起），ave一举出一升高"
zhuji3000: 【根】 e- [out] + lev [raise] + -ate [v.], raise (quality) out [=up] → vt. (在道德、智力、文化水平上) 提升;raise (spirits) out [=up] → vt. 使兴奋
【联】 elevator [n. 升降机,电梯]
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position: (8, 7)

正面: elicit
definition: 【考法】vt. 激起,唤起:to draw forth or bring out
[例] The king's speech elicited lasting cheer and applause. 国王的演讲激起了持续的欢呼和掌声。
[近] arouse, evoke, excite, inspire, provoke, raise
[反] appease, placate, mollify, pacify 平息
symbol: [i'lɪsɪt]
zhuji: 【记】e出，licit引一引出
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position: (8, 7)

正面: elliptical
definition: 【考法1】adj. 含糊不清的:of or relating to deliberate obscurity(as of literary or conversational style)
[例] give an elliptical response to the inquiry 就问题给出一个含糊其辞的回答
[近] ambiguous, arcane, cryptic, enigmatic, equivocal, inscrutable, murky, nebulous, occult, opaque, vague
[反] clear, explicit, unambiguous, unequivocal 清晰明确的
【考法2】adj. 椭圆的:of, relating to, or shaped like an ellipse
[近] oval, ovate
[反] circular, round 圆形的
[派] ellipse n. 椭圆
symbol: [ɪ'lɪptɪkl]
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position: (8, 7)

正面: elucidate
definition: 【考法】v. 阐明:to make lucid especially by explanation or analysis
[例] elucidate an abstruse equation in quantum mechanics 阐明一个深奥难懂的量子力学方程
[近] clarify, clear, construe, explain, explicate, expound, illustrate
[反] confuse, obfuscate, obscure 使困惑;garble 曲解
[派] elucidation n. 阐释,阐明
symbol: [i'lu:sɪdeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】lucid（adj 明晰的）；lucidity（n 清晰；透明）
zhuji3000: 【根】 e- [out] + luc [light, clear] + -id + -ate [v.], 放出光 (去照亮) , make clear → v. 阐明
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position: (8, 7)

正面: emaciate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使消瘦,使衰弱:to cause to lose flesh so as to become very thin
[例] become emaciated by long illness 因长年累月的病痛而消瘦
[反] fatten 变胖;invigorate 使充满活力
[派] emaciation n. 虚弱
【考法2】vt. 削弱:to make feeble
[例] His hesitation emaciated the force of his argument. 他的迟疑削弱了他论证的力度。
[近] droop, flag, sag, decay, enfeeble, enervate, languish, wane, wither
symbol: [ɪ'meɪ∫ieɪt]
zhuji: 【记】e出，ma妈妈：妈妈出门六个月，我就瘦了六十斤！
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position: (8, 7)

正面: emancipate
definition: 【考法】vt. 解放,解除束缚:to free from bondage, oppression, or restraint
[例] emancipate students from excessive assignments 将学生从题海中解放出来
[近] discharge, enfranchise, free, liberate, loose, manumit, release
[反] bind, shackle 束缚;enslave, enthrall 奴役
[派] emancipation n. 解放,获得自由
symbol: [ɪ'mænsɪpeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】e出，man人手，cip落下－手从锁链中出来，锁链落下－解放e出，man犯人－解放我强烈anticipate妇女的emancipate
zhuji3000: 【根】 e- [out] + man [hand] + cip [take] + -ate [v.], take hand out, 放开 (被束缚的) 手 → vt. 解放,解除束缚
[注] 词根man表示“手”,构成单词manual [n. 手册a. 手工的]
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position: (8, 7)

正面: embargo
definition: 【考法】n. 贸易禁止令:a legal prohibition on commerce
[例] a trade embargo on luxuries 对奢侈品的禁运令
[近] ban, interdiction, proscription, sanction, veto
[反] approval, license, permission, prescription 许可
symbol: [ɪm'bɑ:rgoʊ]
zhuji: 【记】bar障碍，阻挡，go通过－阻船通过－封港令em，bar，go：酒吧搬走了－因为封港令
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position: (8, 7)

正面: embark
definition: 【考法1】vi. 上船:to go aboard a vessel or aircraft, as at the start of a journey
[例] With all cargos embarked, the ship weighed the anchor. 所有货物都上船了,货船拔锚起航。
[近] board
[反] disembark 下车,下船
【考法2】vi. 开始从事:to make a start
[例] embark on a world tour 开始了环游世界的旅程
[近] begin, commence, launch, initiate, start
[反] conclude, end, finish, terminate 结束
symbol: [ɪm'bɑ:rk]
zhuji: 【记】e声bark狗叫，说明要上船了！Em，bark树皮－用bark做成船－上船
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position: (8, 7)

正面: embarrass
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使尴尬:to cause to experience a state of self-conscious distress
[例] bawdy jokes that embarrassed her 让她尴尬的荤段子
[近] abash, discomfit, disconcert, faze, fluster, mortify, nonplus
[派] embarrassing adj. 令人窘迫的;embarrassment n. 尴尬
【考法2】vt. 阻挠,制造障碍:to create difficulty for the work or activity of
[例] A lot of this paperwork is unnecessary and just embarrasses the organization. 这些文案工作很多都是多余的,只会妨碍组织的工作。
[近] encumber, handicap, hinder, impede, inhibit, obstruct, shackle, stymie, trammel
[反] aid, facilitate 促进
symbol: [ɪm'bærəs]
zhuji: 【记】em进入，barrass＝barrel（n 桶）－使你进入桶里－使难堪
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position: (8, 8)

正面: embed
definition: 【考法】vt. 嵌入:to enclose closely in or as if in a matrix
[例] The thorn was embedded in her thumb. 刺扎入了她的拇指。
[近] entrench, fix, ingrain, root
[反] extract, dislodge, uproot 取出,移出
[派] embedded adj. 嵌入(式)的
symbol: [ɪm'bed]
zhuji: 【记】em＋bed＝？！◎＃￥％…※×
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position: (8, 8)

正面: embezzle
definition: 【考法】vt. 盗用:to appropriate(as property entrusted to one's care)fraudulently to one's own use
[例] limitations on the right of the state to embezzle private property 限制政府挪用私人财产的权利
[近] appropriate, peculate
[反] confiscate 没收充公
[派] embezzlement n. 挪用,盗用
symbol: [ɪm'bezl]
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position: (8, 8)

正面: embolden
definition: 【考法】vt. 鼓励,使大胆:to instill with boldness or courage
[例] be emboldened by the wine 借酒壮胆
[近] encourage, animate, cheer, hearten, strengthen
[反] daunt, discourage, dishearten, dispirit 使沮丧,使丧失信心
symbol: [ɪm'boʊldən]
zhuji3000: 【根】 em- [en-, 使] + bold [大胆] + -en [v.] → v. 鼓励,使大胆
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position: (8, 8)

正面: emboss
definition: 【考法】vt. 以浮雕效果妆点,装饰:to raise the surface of into bosses; especially to ornament with raised work
[例] embossed with a design of Shanghai skyline 用刻有上海城市轮廓的浮雕图案进行装饰
[近] adorn, beautify, bedeck, blazon, ornament, garnish
[反] flatten, efface 抹平,抹去
symbol: [ɪm'bɔ:s]
zhuji: 【记】boss（老板的肚子凸出）
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position: (8, 8)

正面: embrace
definition: 【考法1】vt. 乐于接受:to take up willingly or eagerly
[例] embrace the opportunity to study further 乐于接受继续深造的机会
[近] accept, adopt, espouse, welcome
[反] abjure, abrogate, renounce, spurn 废除,摒弃,放弃
【考法2】vt. 包围:to surround or cover closely
[例] The stone walls that embrace the monastery serve to symbolize its function as a retreat from an unquiet world. 包围着修道院的石墙是它远离喧嚣尘世的象征。
[近] circle, encompass, envelop, wrap
symbol: [ɪm'breɪs]
zhuji: 【记】em进入，brace胳膊－拥抱
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (8, 8)

正面: embroider
definition: 【考法】v.(时常伴有夸张和想象内容地)详细说明:to give an elaborate account of, often with florid language and fictitious details
[例] embroider the story of his adventures in the army 细说他服役时惊险的经历
[近] elaborate, embellish, exaggerate, magnify, overstate, hyperbolize
[反] downplay, de-emphasize 轻描淡写
symbol: [ɪm'brɔɪdər]
zhuji: 【记】broider（vt 刺绣）embro＝umbro（英国恩宝，曾经是曼联的运动服赞助商，其标志使两个嵌套的菱形，各大商场均有销售）这个东西就是刺绣在衣服上的。
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (8, 8)

正面: emigrate
definition: 【考法】vi. 移民,移居海外:to leave one's place of residence or country to live elsewhere
[例] have to emigrate to the United States due to political persecution 因政治迫害而不得不移民美国
[近] migrate
[反] immigrate 移入,入境;repatriate 遣返
[派] emigrant n.(向外的)移民;emigration n.(向外)移居,迁徙
symbol: ['emɪgreɪt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 e- [ex-, out] + migr [move] + -ate [v.], move out → v. 移居海外,移民
[注] 词根migr表示“move [v. 移动]”, migrate [v. 移动,迁徙], migratory [a. 迁移的]
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position: (8, 8)

正面: eminent
definition: 【考法】adj. 杰出的:exhibiting eminence especially in standing above others in some quality or position
[例] an eminent young scientist 一名杰出的青年科学家
[近] famous, celebrated, distinguished, famed, notable, prominent, renowned
[反] mediocre, undistinguished 中庸的,平凡的
[派] eminence n. 杰出,显赫
symbol: ['emɪnənt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 e- [out] + min [jut] + -ent [a.], jut out, (人在群体中) 突出 → a. 杰出的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (8, 8)

正面: emollient
definition: 【考法】adj. 起缓和作用的:making less intense or harsh
[例] soothe us in our grieves with emollient words 用安慰的话语抚平我们的悲伤
[近] appeasing, assuaging, mollifying, mitigating, relieving
[反] aggravating, intensifying 使(局势、情况)加剧恶化的
symbol: [i'mɑ:liənt]
zhuji: 【记】moll＝soft软，读：摸，润肤需要抚摸
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position: (8, 8)

正面: emulate
definition: 【考法】vt. 效仿并努力超越:to strive to equal or excel, especially through imitation
[例] a role model worthy emulating值得效仿的榜样
[近] copy, imitate, mimic, mime
[派] emulation n. 模仿
symbol: ['emjuleɪt]
zhuji: 【记】因为late，所以要emulate
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position: (8, 9)

正面: enact
definition: 【考法】vt. 制定或颁布(法律):to establish by legal and authoritative act
[例] Congress enacted the tax reform bill. 国会颁布了税法改革案。
[近] constitute, establish, legislate, pass, ratify, ordain, lay down
[反] abolish, repeal, rescind, revoke 废除
[派] enactment n. 颁布
symbol: [ɪ'nækt]
zhuji: 【记】en进入，act行动－使（法律，角色）行动－颁布
zhuji3000: 【根】 en- [使] + act [生效], 使 (法案) 生效 → v. 制定或颁布 (法律)
[注] act作名词还有“法案”的含义
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (8, 9)

正面: enamel
definition: 【考法1】vt. 涂亮漆;使具有光滑或亮泽的表面:to give a glossy or brilliant surface to
[近] glaze, varnish
[反] efface 抹去
【考法2】vt. 用亮丽的表面装饰:to adorn with a brightly colored surface
[近] adorn, beautify, bedeck, decorate, embellish, garnish, ornament
[反] disfigure 破坏…的外形
symbol: [ɪ'næml]
zhuji: 【记】e出，name名：想出名？容易！先把一口牙作上水晶烤瓷（北京平均价：1500元＝颗），再涂上指甲油。
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position: (8, 9)

正面: encomium
definition: 【考法】n. 赞颂之词:glowing and warmly enthusiastic praise
[例] receive encomiums from literary critics 受到文学评论家的好评
[近] accolade, applause, compliment, eulogy, laud, panegyric, salutation, tribute
[反] criticism 批评;abuse, invective, vituperation 辱骂
symbol: [en'koʊmiəm]
zhuji: 【记】en进来，com＝come来－进来说赞扬话
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position: (8, 9)

正面: encompass
definition: 【考法1】vt. 组成,包含:to constitute or include
[例] a plan that encompasses multiple aims 一项包含了多个目标的计划
[近] contain, comprehend, embody, entail, involve, subsume
[反] exclude 排除
【考法2】vt. 包围:envelop
[例] Berlin had already been encompassed by the Red Army and all Soviet soldiers were patiently waiting for the order to put a final nail in Nazi Germany's coffin. 柏林已被红军包围,苏联士兵们静静地等待着最后的命令,彻底消灭纳粹德国。
[近] circle, embrace, enclose, environ, surround
symbol: [ɪn'kʌmpəs]
zhuji: 【记】compass（n 罗盘v 包围）
zhuji3000: 【根】 en- [in] + compass [compass, 范围] , (make) in compass, 使进入范围 → vt.包围;引申 → vt. 包含,组成
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (8, 9)

正面: encumber
definition: 【考法1】vt. 阻碍;妨碍:to impede or hamper the function or activity of
[例] Negotiation between the two parties were encumbered by a lack of trust. 两党之间的谈判因缺乏信任而受到阻碍。
[近] hamper, hinder, impede, obstruct, retard, stymie
[反] promote, further 推动;aid, assist, facilitate, help 帮助
【考法2】vt. 给…增添负担:to place a weight or burden on
[例] Don't encumber your pack animal so much that it can hardly move. 别让你的牲畜驮这么多东西,它都走不动了。
[近] burden, lade, lumber, saddle
[反] unload 卸下
symbol: [ɪn'kʌmbər]
zhuji: 【记】cumber（v 阻碍），cumb躺－躺在马路上－妨害（交通）
zhuji3000: 【记】 en- [使] + cumber [阻碍], (to make) cumber → vt. 阻碍,妨碍;给…增添负担
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (8, 9)

正面: endemic
definition: 【考法】adj. 地方性的:prevalent in or peculiar to a particular locality, region, or people
[例] an endemic disease 地方性疾病
[近] aboriginal, indigenous, native, domestic
[反] exotic, foreign, nonindigenous, nonnative 国外的,外来的
symbol: [en'demɪk]
zhuji: 【记】en进入，dem人民－进入人民之内－地方性的
zhuji3000: 【根】 en- [in] + dem [people] + -ic [a.], 在特定的人群内 → a. 地方性的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (8, 9)

正面: endorse
definition: 【考法】vt. 公开支持,推崇:to express support or approval of publicly and definitely
[例] endorse a presidential candidate 公开支持一名总统候选人
[近] advocate, back, approve, certify, champion, sanction, support, uphold
[反] deprecate, impugn, oppose [反]对
[派] endorsement n. 支持,赞同
symbol: [ɪn'dɔ:rs]
zhuji: 【记】dorse背－在背后签字表示同意
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position: (8, 9)

正面: enervate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使衰弱:to weaken or destroy the strength or vitality of
[例] His constitution was enervated by lustful lifestyle. 他荒淫无度的生活习惯已使他身体虚弱。
[近] debilitate, disable, enfeeble, fatigue, sap
[反] fortify, strengthen 强化;energize, invigorate, vitalize 给…注入活力
[派] enervation n. 虚弱
【考法2】vt. 使麻木:to deprive of emotional or intellectual vitality
[例] A lifetime of working in dreary jobs had enervated his very soul. 一生忙于无聊的工作让他变得无比麻木。
[近] dampen, deaden, petrify
[反] brace, energize, enliven, invigorate, vitalize, vivify 使充满活力
symbol: ['enərveɪt]
zhuji: 【记】e，nerv（力量），ate，力量出去－使…无力
zhuji3000: 【根】 e- [ex-, out] + nerv [nerve, n. 神经] + -ate [v.], 使神经没有感知 → v. 使衰弱;使麻木
[注] nervous [紧张的] 是由于“神经 [nerve] 过度兴奋”造成的,nerve除了表示“神经”外,还指“给予勇气,鼓励” (“使兴奋”);“(坚强的) 意志,勇气” (使一个人对某事物兴奋的内在动力)
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (8, 9)

正面: enfranchise
definition: 【考法1】vt. 给予…权利(例如选举权):to endow with the rights of citizenship, especially the right to vote
[例] Slaves in US were emancipated in 1863 but were not enfranchised until the Fifteenth Amendment went into effect in 1870. 尽管在美国奴隶于1863年就获得了解放,但他们直到1870年《第五修正案》正式生效才获得选举权。
[反] disenfranchise, disempower 剥夺权利
【考法2】vt. 解放:to set free(as from slavery)
[例] In a way, modern labor-saving appliances enfranchised people, giving them much more leisure time. 从某种意义上来说,那些节省劳动力的现代设备将人们解放出来,给予人们更多的休闲时间。
[近] discharge, emancipate, free, liberate, manumit, rescue, unfetter
[反] bind, confine, enfetter 束缚;subjugate, subdue; enthrall 使臣服;使成为奴隶
symbol: [ɪn'frænt∫aɪz]
zhuji: 【记】franchise（n 选举权；v 赋予公民权）；franc法国，chise中国
zhuji3000: 【联】 en- [使] + fr [free] + an (d) + chise [choose], 使自由并有选举权 → v. 解放;给予…权力 (例如选举权)
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (8, 9)

正面: engender
definition: 【考法1】vt. 引起,使发展:to cause to exist or to develop
[例] Her latest book has engendered a lot of controversy. 她的新书引发了很多争议。
[近] beget, cause, catalyze, generate, induce, invoke, produce, spawn
【考法2】vi. 产生,出现:to come into existence
[例] Feelings of confidence and independence were only just beginning to engender within her. 她的自信和独立的感觉才刚刚产生
[近] actualize, appear, arise, form, materialize, spring
[反] cease 停止;disappear, perish 消逝,死亡;eradicate根除;quash平息;terminate 终止
symbol: [ɪn'ʤendər]
zhuji: 【记】gen产生；参：generate（vt 产生；发生）因为gender（n 性；性交）所以engender
zhuji3000: 【根】 en- [ make] + gen [generate] + (d) er [v.], generate → vt. 引起,使发展 vi. 产生,出现
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (8, 10)

正面: engross
definition: 【考法】vt. 使全神贯注:to occupy exclusively
[例] He was completely engrossed in his work. 他全神贯注于他的工作之中。
[近] absorb, engage, enthrall, fascinate, grip, immerse
[派] engrossed adj. 全神贯注的
symbol: [ɪn'groʊs]
zhuji: 【记】en进入，gross（adj 总的；总额）－全部进入状态－使全神贯注"
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (8, 10)

正面: enigma
definition: 【考法】n. 难以理解或解释的事物,谜:something hard to understand or explain
[例] The smile on Da Vinci's masterpiece Mona Lisa has been an enigma for hundred years. 数百年来,达·芬奇名作《蒙娜丽莎》上的微笑一直是个不解之谜。
[近] mystery, conundrum, puzzle, riddle
[派] enigmatic adj. 谜一般的
symbol: [ɪ'nɪgmə]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (8, 10)

正面: enlighten
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使知道,启发:to give information to; inform or instruct
[例] enlighten us about the thorny problem 启发我们思考这个棘手的问题
[近] apprise, instruct
[反] bewilder, confuse, confound, perplex 使疑惑
【考法2】vt.(在道德或精神上)进行教育:to provide(someone)with moral or spiritual understanding
[例] Many people around the world have been enlightened by the teachings of Gautama Buddha. 释迦摩尼的说教启迪了世界上许许多多的人的灵魂。
[近] edify, educate, illuminate, nurture
[派] enlightening adj. 具有启发性的
symbol: [ɪn'laɪtn]
zhuji: 【记】en进入，light光亮－启发
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (8, 10)

正面: enmity
definition: 【考法】n. 敌意:positive, active, and typically mutual hatred or ill will
[例] an unspoken enmity between two factions 两个派系间心照不宣的仇恨
[近] animosity, animus, antagonism, antipathy, feud, gall, hostility, rancor
[反] amity, comity 友好;concord 和睦
symbol: ['enməti]
zhuji: 【记】enemy（n 敌人；[集合名词]敌军）；inimical（adj 敌意的）
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position: (8, 10)

正面: ennoble
definition: 【考法】vt. 使尊贵:to make noble
[例] Her skill and talent ennoble her profession. 技能和天赋使她成为业界领军人物。
[近] aggrandize, canonize, deify, dignify, glorify, magnify
[反] debase, abase, degrade, demean, humble, humiliate 贬低
symbol: [ɪ'noʊbl]
zhuji3000: 【根】 en- [使] + noble [贵族 (的) ] → v. 使尊贵
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position: (8, 10)

正面: ennui
definition: 【考法】n. 倦怠;缺乏兴趣:listlessness and dissatisfaction resulting from lack of interest
[例] The kind of ennui comes from having too much time on one's hands and too little will to find something productive to do. 倦怠来自手上有大把时间却没有有益的事可做。
[近] doldrums, listlessness, tedium, weariness
[反] keen interest, energy, enthusiasm, exuberance 强烈的兴趣,生气盎然
symbol: [ɑ:n'wi:]
zhuji: 【记】读：安慰－倦怠无聊需要安慰回忆：安危哦anvil（n 时刻担心自己安危地铁砧）
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (8, 10)

正面: ensemble
definition: 【考法】n. 合唱,合奏曲:a work for two or more vocalists or instrumentalists
[例] The actor performed an ensemble piece. 该演员参与了合唱。
[反] solo 独唱
symbol: [ɑ:n'sɑ:mbl]
zhuji: 【记】semble相同－所有人唱相同的歌－合唱；合奏
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position: (8, 10)

正面: ensconce
definition: 【考法1】vt. 安置:to settle(oneself)securely or comfortably
[例] ensconce oneself in a new job 在一个新职位安定下来
[近] install, lodge, nestle, perch, roost, settle
[反] unsettle, dislodge, displace 使从安置好的地方移开,驱逐
【考法2】vt. 隐藏:to put in a hiding place
[例] ensconce the spare house key in a place where no thief would think to look 把备用钥匙藏在小偷根本不会注意的地方
[近] bury, cache, conceal, secrete
[反] display, exhibit 展示
symbol: [ɪn'skɑ:ns]
zhuji: 【记】en进入，sconce（n 小堡垒）－进入小堡垒－安置conce＝cond藏（abscond v 潜逃）－安置en进入，scon＝scan浏览，ce：进电影院浏览ce－安置，安坐
zhuji3000: 【联】 en- [in] + sconc [cons, cond, 藏起来] + -e [v.], 使进入储藏的状态,藏起来 → vt. 安置;隐藏
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (8, 10)

正面: ensue
definition: 【考法】vi. 紧随其后:take place afterward or as a result
[例] A brief but embarrassing silence ensued. 一阵短暂且令人尴尬的沉默随之而来。
[近] follow
You have to believe in yourself. That's the secret of success.
人必须相信自己,这是成功的秘诀。
——美国演员 卓别林(Charles Chaplin, American actor)
现任职于北京新东方学校北美项目部)
symbol: [ɪn'su:]
zhuji: 【记】en进入，sue（v 追求，求爱，控告）－进入追求状态－整天作别人跟P虫－继而发生sue＝sequ跟随；参：sequence（n 次序；序列）因为治安不好，sue（v 诉讼）ensue继而发生
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (8, 10)

正面: entangle
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使卷入,使纠缠:to twist together into a usually confused mass
[例] We managed to entangle the string of lights into a hopeless mess of wires. 我们将小灯泡的线纠缠成了一堆。
[近] interlace, intertwist, knot, snarl, tangle
【考法2】vt. 使变复杂或困难:to make complex or difficult
[例] The history of Alexander the Great is entangled by variant accounts of his exploits. 亚历山大大帝的生平历史被不同版本的记录搞得很纠结。
[近] complexify, perplex, sophisticate
[反] simplify, streamline 简化
symbol: [ɪn'tæŋgl]
zhuji: 【记】tangle（n 混乱状态）
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position: (9, 1)

正面: enthusiasm
definition: 【考法】n. 热情,兴趣:urgent desire or interest
[例] In my enthusiasm to get going, I forgot to pack any foul-weather clothing. 在强烈的出游热情下,我忘记带上防备坏天气的衣服了。
[近] ardor, avidity, desirousness, impatience, keenness, lust, thirst
[反] apathy, indifference 无动于衷,漠不关心
[派] enthusiastic adj. 热情的
[反] halfhearted 心不在焉的
symbol: [ɪn'θu:ziæzəm]
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position: (9, 1)

正面: entice
definition: 【考法】vt. 诱使:to attract artfully or adroitly or by arousing hope or desire: tempt; lure
[例] entice sb into doing sth 诱使某人做某事
[近] allure, bait, beguile, decoy, seduce, solicit, tempt, lead on
[派] enticing adj. 诱人的
[反] formidable 可怕的
symbol: [ɪn'taɪs]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 1)

正面: entrance
definition: 【考法1】['entrəns] n. 进入权,进入许可:the means or right of entering or participating in
[例] Entrance to the club is by invitation only. 该俱乐部只接受受邀入会。
[近] access, admission, admittance, gateway, ingress, passport, ticket
【考法2】[ɪn'træns] vt. 使入迷:to fill with delight, wonder, or enchantment
[例] be entranced by the view 陶醉于景色
[近] enrapture, enthrall, ravish, transport, carry away
[反] bore, disappoint, disgust, repel, repulse 使厌烦
[派] entrancing adj. 使人欣喜的
[反] unprepossessing 不讨人喜欢的
symbol: None
zhuji: 【记】源于enter（vt 进入；vi 进去；n 回车）
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position: (9, 1)

正面: entrap
definition: 【考法】vt. 诱骗:to lure into a compromising statement or act
[例] A string of inconsistent statements finally entrapped the witness. 一系列不一致的陈述最终蒙骗了目击者。
[近] ensnare, ensnarl, entoil, mesh, net, snare, catch up
[反] disentangle, untangle 使解脱
symbol: [ɪn'træp]
zhuji3000: 【根】 en- [in, 使进入] + trap [n. 陷阱] → v. 诱骗
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position: (9, 1)

正面: entreat
definition: 【考法】vt. 恳求:to plead with especially in order to persuade, ask urgently
[例] He entreated his boss for another chance. 他恳求老板再给他一次机会。
[近] beseech, besiege, conjure, implore, importune, solicit, supplicate, plead to, appeal to
symbol: [ɪn'tri:t]
zhuji: 【记】en进入，treat（n 宴请；请客）：没事请你吃饭，肯定有所求－乞求
zhuji3000: 【根】 en- [使] + treat [v. 对待; 治疗] → v. 恳求
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position: (9, 1)

正面: enunciate
definition: 【考法1】v. 清晰地说:to utter articulate sounds
[例] Enunciate your words, and then you won't have to repeat them so often. 把话说清楚,你就不用经常重复了。
[近] articulate
【考法2】vt. 公开宣布,宣称:to make known openly or publicly
[例] Today the President enunciated a new foreign policy. 总统在今天宣布了一项新的对外政策。
[近] annunciate, broadcast, declare, herald, proclaim, promulgate, publicize, release, give out
symbol: [ɪ'nʌnsieɪt]
zhuji: 【记】e出，nunci＝nounce说－说出来－清楚地表达
zhuji3000: 【根】 e- [ex-, out] + nunc [announce] + i (连字符) + -ate [v.], announce out → vt. 公开宣布、宣称;speak out (clearly) → v. 清晰地说
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position: (9, 1)

正面: ephemeral
definition: 【考法】adj. 短暂的:lasting a very short time
[例] ephemeral pressures 暂时的压力
[近] evanescent, fleeting, impermanent, temporary, transient, transitory, fugacious, fugitive
[反] eternal, permanent, perpetual, enduring, everlasting, ceaseless, immortal, undying 永久的
symbol: [ɪ'femərəl]
zhuji: 【记】e出，phem出现－出现就消失－朝生暮死的ep在…之前，hemer日：在日落之前就歇了－生命短暂的读：ephe摸肉－随便摸美女的肉－生命短暂的（因为被打）
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position: (9, 1)

正面: epic
definition: 【考法】adj. 宏大的,超凡脱俗的:surpassing the usual or ordinary, particularly in scope or size
[例] His genius was epic. 他聪明过人。
[近] august, grandiose, imposing, magnificent, majestic, monumental
[反] humble, unheroic, unimpressive, modest 适度的,印象不深的
symbol: ['epɪk]
zhuji: 【记】读：挨批课。上课时赶上老师心情不好，念一段巨长的诗史批评你。这种方法确实是超凡脱俗，不同一般。E张黄色pic－超凡脱俗，不同一般的
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position: (9, 1)

正面: epicure
definition: 【考法】n. 美食家:one with sensitive and discriminating tastes especially in food or wine
[例] Thomas Jefferson was one of America's first great epicures. 托马斯·杰斐逊算得上是美国早期美食家一枚。
[近] bon vivant, gastronomist, gourmand, gourmet
symbol: ['epɪkjʊr]
zhuji: 【记】Epicures（n 伊壁鸠鲁：古希腊唯物主义和无神论者，主张享乐的生活）e出，pi，cure（v 治疗）：出门治疗pi，因为昨天吃的太好了，太饱了，所以导致……
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position: (9, 1)

正面: epigram
definition: 【考法】n. 机智的短诗,警句:a short, witty poem expressing a single thought or observation
[例] Benjamin Franklin's most famous epigram,“Remember that time is money.”本杰明·富兰克林最著名的警句就是,时间就是金钱。
[近] adage, aphorism, apothegm, byword, maxim, proverb
symbol: ['epɪgræm]
zhuji: 【记】epi在…外，gram写－出门在外，有感而发－讽刺短诗epic（n 史诗）中的gram句子是epigram
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position: (9, 2)

正面: epilogue
definition: 【考法1】n. 文学作品的结局:a concluding section that rounds out the design of a literary work
[反] preface 序文
【考法2】n. 戏剧的收场白:the final scene of a play that comments on or summarizes the main action
[近] coda
symbol: ['epɪlɔ:g]
zhuji: 【记】epi在…后，logue说话－在后面说话－尾声
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position: (9, 2)

正面: epithet
definition: 【考法】n. 外号,绰号:a descriptive or familiar name given instead of or in addition to the one belonging to an individual; a disparaging or abusive word or phrase
[例] King Richard I of England was given the very laudatory epithet“the Lion-Hearted”. 英王理查一世因英勇大胆被赞誉为“狮心理查”。
[近] alias, cognomen, sobriquet
symbol: ['epɪθet]
zhuji: 【记】epi在…下，thet＝put放－把人放到下面的话－贬低的语言e出，pi，the神：用pi对着神是一种侮辱
zhuji3000: 【根】 epi- [in addition] + thet [put], put (a name) in addition, 额外 (的名字) → n. 外号,绰号
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position: (9, 2)

正面: epitomize
definition: 【考法1】vt. 摘要,概括:to make into a short statement of the main points(as of a report)
[例] His personal code of behavior on the playing field is epitomized by his favorite saying, Nice guys finish last. 他在赛场上的座右铭是:好男坚持到底。
[近] abstract, digest, encapsulate, outline, recapitulate, synopsize, sum up
【考法2】vt. 代表,体现,是…的典型范例:to represent in visible form; to be a typical example of
[例] The Parthenon in Athens epitomizes the ancient Greek ideal of architectural beauty. 雅典的巴特农神庙体现了古希腊对于建筑美感的理念。‖behavior that epitomizes selfishness 典型的自私行为
[近] body, express, externalize, incarnate, incorporate, instantiate, manifest, materialize, substantiate
symbol: [ɪ'pɪtəmaɪz]
zhuji: 【记】e出，pit坑，tom＝tomb墓碑－墓碑上有墓志铭是一个人生平的概括。
zhuji3000: 【根】 epi- [in] + tom [cut] + -ize [v.], cut (in) , “剪影” → vt. 代表,体现,是…的典型范例;剪出 (重要的) → vt. 摘要,概括
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position: (9, 2)

正面: equable
definition: 【考法】adj.(脾气、性情)温和的:not easily disturbed; serene
[例] equable temperament 温和的性情
[近] balmy, genial, gentle, moderate, temperate
[反] harsh, inclement, intemperate, severe 严厉的
[派] equanimity n. 温和
[反] agitation, excitability 激动
symbol: ['ekwəbl]
zhuji: 【记】equ平等，able能－人人平等的－稳定的，温和的
zhuji3000: 【根】 equ [equal] + -able [a.], (情绪) 稳定 (不变) 的, 平和的 → a. (脾气、性情) 温和的
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position: (9, 2)

正面: equity
definition: 【考法】n. 不偏不倚,公平:lack of favoritism toward one side or another
[例] The lower wages paid to women for equal work violated the notion of equity. 同等工作付给女性更低的报酬违背了公平的理念。
[近] disinterestedness, evenhandedness, fairness, impartiality, neutrality, nonpartisanship
[反] bias, favoritism, nonobjectivity, one-sidedness, partiality, partisanship, prejudice 歧视,偏见;偏爱
[派] equitable adj. 公平的
[反] biased, discriminatory 偏袒的,差别对待的
symbol: ['ekwəti]
zhuji: 【记】equi相等－人人平等－公平
zhuji3000: 【根】 equ [equal] + -ity [n.], 平等地对待 → n. 不偏不倚,公平
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position: (9, 2)

正面: equivalent
definition: 【考法】adj./n. 等价的,相等的:equal in force, amount, or value
[例] That huge mansion is the equivalent of five ordinary houses. 那栋巨大的公馆有五套一般户型的房子那么大。
[近] coequal, coordinate, counterpart, peer, rival, parallel
symbol: [ɪ'kwɪvələnt]
zhuji: 【记】equ平等，val力量－力量平等的
zhuji3000: 【根】 equ (i) [equal] + val [strong] + -ent [a.], of equal strength, of equal value → a./n. 等价的,相等的
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position: (9, 2)

正面: equivocate
definition: 【考法】vi.(带有欺骗目的地)模棱两可地说,说谎话:to use equivocal language especially with intent to deceive
[例] When asked about his tax plan, the candidate didn't equivocate. 当被问到税收方案时,候选人直言不讳。
[近] fudge, hedge, weasel, prevaricate, palter
[反] communicate straightforwardly 直率地说
[派] equivocal adj. 模棱两可的:open to two or more interpretations and often intended to mislead; ambiguous; equivocation n. 模棱两可的话
[反] clarity 清楚
symbol: [ɪ'kwɪvəkeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】equi平等，voc声音－声音差不多－含糊其词
zhuji3000: 【根】 equi [equal] + voc [call, voice] + -ate [v.], make equal voice (towards conflicting opinions) → vi. (带有欺骗目的地) 模棱两可地说,说谎话
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position: (9, 2)

正面: erode
definition: 【考法】v. 侵蚀,慢慢减少:to consume or wear away gradually
[例] Flooding eroded the hillside. 洪水冲刷着山坡。‖inflation eroding buying power 通货膨胀导致购买力下降
[近] corrode, fret, gnaw, nibble, bite at
symbol: [ɪ'roʊd]
zhuji: 【记】e出，rode咬－咬掉－腐蚀
zhuji3000: 【根】 e- [out] + rod [咬] + -e [v.], 咬掉 → v. 侵蚀,慢慢减少
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position: (9, 2)

正面: errant
definition: 【考法1】adj. 居无定所的:traveling from place to place
[例] the errant gunslinger as a standard character in western novels 在西部题材小说中,居无定所的持枪歹徒是经典形象
[近] ambulant, fugitive, nomadic, perambulatory, roaming, roving, vagabond, vagrant, wandering
【考法2】adj. 误入歧途的,犯错误的:straying from the proper course or standards
[例] errant youngsters 误入歧途的青少年
[近] misbehaving, mischievous
[反] behaved, behaving, nice, orderly 行为规矩的
symbol: ['erənt]
zhuji: 【记】err错；参考：error（n 错误）
zhuji3000: 【根】 err [wander] + -ant [a.], 处于游荡的状态 → a. 居无定所的;处于迷失的状态 → a. 误入歧途的,犯错误的
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position: (9, 2)

正面: erratic
definition: 【考法1】adj. 善变的:not staying constant
[例] Business at the fast-food restaurant has been so erratic lately that the manager never knows how much staff to have on hand. 快餐店的生意最近非常起伏以至于经理也不清楚需要多少人手。
[近] changing, fluctuating, irregular, unequal, unstable, unsteady, varying
[反] changeless, constant, stable, steady, unchanging, unvarying 不变的
【考法2】adj. 异常的,不同寻常的:different from the ordinary in a way that causes curiosity or suspicion
[例] The key to the code was the erratic punctuation the killer used. 解开密码的关键是杀手使用的不同寻常的标点符号。
[近] bizarre, eccentric, offbeat, outlandish, out-of-the-way, peculiar, quaint, queer, remarkable, screwy, spaced-out, way-out, weird
symbol: [ɪ'rætɪk]
zhuji: 【记】err漫游－飘忽不定的
zhuji3000: 【根】 err [wander] + -at (e) + -ic [a.], (idea) wander, 想法处于游荡的状态 → a. 善变的;wander (from norm) → a. 异常的,不同寻常的
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position: (9, 3)

正面: erudite
definition: 【考法】adj. 博学的:characterized by erudition; learned
[例] an erudite scholar 渊博的学者
[近] knowledgeable, learned, lettered, literate, scholarly, well-read
[反] ignorant, unlettered, benighted, illiterate, uneducated, unscholarly 无知的
symbol: ['erudaɪt]
zhuji: 【记】e出，rud粗鲁；原始；无知－走出无知－博学的
zhuji3000: 【根】 e- [out] + rud [rude, 粗鲁的;原始的] + -ite [a.], (通过学习) 走出原始人的状态 → a. 博学的
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position: (9, 3)

正面: escalate
definition: 【考法】v.(使)(战争等)升级,扩大:to increase in extent, volume, number, amount, intensity, or scope
[例] We don't want to escalate the war. 我们不想使战争扩大。
[近] aggrandize, amplify, augment, boost, expand, pump up, build up
[反] wane, diminish 减弱
symbol: ['eskəleɪt]
zhuji: 【记】esc＝Esc计算机左上角的“退出”键，late晚：这时退出已经晚了，战争已经升级了，扩大了。源于：scale（n 等级）
zhuji3000: 【根】 e- [ex-, out] + scale [规模] + -ate [v.], 使 (战争等的) 规模爆发 → v. (使) (战争等) 升级,扩大
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position: (9, 3)

正面: eschew
definition: 【考法】vt. 刻意避开;戒绝:to avoid habitually especially on moral or practical grounds
[例] The minister eschews involvement in local politics, since he doesn't want to diminish his moral authority in the community. 首相回避参与当地政治,因为他不想降低其道德权威。
[近] dodge, elude, evade, shirk, shun, weasel out of
[反] embrace, greet, welcome, habitually indulge in, seek 乐于接受,寻觅
symbol: [ɪs't∫u:]
zhuji: 【记】es离开，chew（v 咀嚼；深思）－通过深思而离开某物－戒绝读：it’s true！：这是真的？本拉登要来我们家避难？？快躲开！！！Eschew的东西不值得chew。
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position: (9, 3)

正面: esoteric
definition: 【考法1】adj. 深奥难懂的:difficult for one of ordinary knowledge or intelligence to understand
[例] esoteric terminology 深奥难懂的专业术语
[近] abstruse, arcane, hermetic, recondite
[反] shallow, superficial 肤浅的
【考法2】adj. 少数人知道的:not known or meant to be known by the general populace
[例] The actor must have had some esoteric motive for leaving stage. 该演员淡出舞台肯定有不为人知的原因。
[近] confidential, inside, intimate, nonpublic, privy, secret
[反] commonly accepted, generally known, open, public 公开的,普遍接受的
symbol: [ˌesə'terɪk]
zhuji: 【记】es出，oter＝outer－不外传的－秘传的；深奥的
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position: (9, 3)

正面: espouse
definition: 【考法1】vt. 支持;拥护:to take up and support as a cause
[例] espouse the revolutionary cause 支持革命事业
[近] embrace, take on, take up
[反] abjure, repudiate 誓绝
【考法2】vt. 与…结婚:to take in marriage; marry
symbol: [ɪ'spaʊz]
zhuji: 【记】spouse（n 配偶）读：死抱死－死也要抱着死，太令人感动了，一对苦命的鸳鸯
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position: (9, 3)

正面: esteem
definition: 【考法】n./v. 尊重:to regard with respect; prize
[例] be held in high esteem 被高度敬仰
[近] appreciation, estimation, favor, regard, respect
[反] disfavor, odium 不喜欢,憎恶
symbol: [ɪ'sti:m]
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position: (9, 3)

正面: estimable
definition: 【考法】adj. 值得尊敬的:deserving of esteem; admirable
[例] an estimable adversary 一位值得尊敬的对手
[近] prestigious, reputable, applaudable, commendable, creditable, meritorious, praiseworthy
[反] contemptible, infamous, censurable, discreditable, illaudable, reprehensible 令人鄙视的
symbol: ['estɪməbl]
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position: (9, 3)

正面: estrange
definition: 【考法】vt. 使疏远,离间,使感情失和:to arouse especially mutual enmity or indifference in where there had formerly been love, affection, or friendliness
[例] He estranged several of his coworkers. 他和好多同事疏远了。
[近] alienate, disaffect, disgruntle, sour
[反] reconcile 使和好
symbol: [ɪ'streɪnʤ]
zhuji3000: 【根】 e- [ex-, out] + strange [陌生], “strange out” → v.使疏远,离间,使感情失和
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position: (9, 3)

正面: etch
definition: 【考法1】v. 蚀刻:to produce(as a pattern or design)on a hard material by eating into the material's surface(as by acid or laser beam)
[例] The artist etched his landscape on a copper plate. 艺术家将风景画刻在铜盘上。
[近] grave, incise, inscribe
【考法2】v. 留下深刻印象,铭记:to produce a vivid impression of
[例] In just a few pages the writer etched an unforgettable portrait of one of the more remarkable First Ladies. 仅用数页,作者刻画出了一位杰出的第一夫人令人难忘的形象。
[近] impress, imprint, infix, ingrain
symbol: [et∫]
zhuji: 【记】酸（etch读：爱吃）金属和玻璃
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position: (9, 3)

正面: eternal
definition: 【考法】adj. 永恒的:having infinite duration; everlasting; perpetual
[例] eternal love 永恒的爱
[近] ageless, everlasting, immortal, imperishable, perennial, perpetual, undying
[反] ephemeral 短暂的
symbol: [ɪ'tɜ:rnl]
zhuji3000: 【联】 e- [ex-, out (of) ] + tern [term (in), 尽头] + -al [a.], 没有尽头的 → a. 永恒的
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position: (9, 4)

正面: ethereal
definition: 【考法1】adj. 轻巧精致的:resembling air in lightness, highly refined; delicate
[例] The bakery's scrumptious pastries have a wonderfully ethereal consistency. 面包师可口的糕点有着一种奇妙的蓬松轻巧的质感。
[近] fluffy, gossamer, light
[反] heavy, leaden, ponderous 沉重的
【考法2】adj. 天国的:of, relating to, or suggesting heaven
[例] a land of ethereal beauty and tranquility 具有缥缈的美感和宁静的一片土地
[近] elysian, empyreal, heavenly, supernal
[反] chthonic, hellish, infernal, Tartarean 地狱的
【考法3】adj. 非物质的,精神(上)的:not of this world; spiritual; not composed of matter
[例] that ethereal attribute that every performer should have—charisma 每位演奏者都应该具有一种精神上的特质——个人魅力
[近] bodiless, formless, incorporeal, insubstantial, nonmaterial, nonphysical, spiritual
[反] bodily, corporeal, material, physical, substantial 物质的,有实体的
symbol: [i'θɪriəl]
zhuji: 【记】ether＝aither上层空气－天上的e出，the神，real真的：出来了一个真正的神－虚无的，精神的
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position: (9, 4)

正面: ethics
definition: 【考法】n. 道德规范:rules or standards governing the conduct of a person or the members of a profession
[例] an old-fashioned work ethics 传统的工作行为规范
[近] ethos, morality, morals, norms, principles, standards
symbol: ['eθɪks]
zhuji: 【记】ethic（n 道德规范；伦理）
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position: (9, 4)

正面: eulogize
definition: 【考法】vt. 称赞;颂扬:to speak or write in high praise of
[例] He was eulogized at his funeral as a caring husband and a good father. 他在悼词中被称赞为一个好丈夫、一个好爸爸。
[反] defame, pan 诬蔑,指责
symbol: ['ju:ləʤaɪz]
zhuji: 【记】eu读：优，好，log说－说好话－赞扬
zhuji3000: 【根】 eu- [well] + log [speak] + -ize [v.], speak well (of), 说…好 → vt. 称赞;颂扬
[注] eu读音联想“优”
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position: (9, 4)

正面: euphemism
definition: 【考法】n. 婉言,委婉的说法:the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant
[例] using“eliminate”as a euphemism for“kill”“杀死”的委婉说法是“灭掉”
symbol: ['ju:fəmɪzəm]
zhuji: 【记】eu好，phem出现－以好的语言出现－委婉的说法
zhuji3000: 【根】 eu [well] + phem [speak] + -ism [n.], (将…) 说得好听 → n. 婉言,委婉的说法
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position: (9, 4)

正面: euphonious
definition: 【考法】adj. 悦耳的:pleasing or agreeable to the ear
[近] mellifluous, melodious, canorous, harmonizing, symphonious, tuneful
[反] cacophonous, discordant, disharmonious, dissonant, tuneless, unmelodious 刺耳的
symbol: [ju:'foʊniəs]
zhuji: 【记】eu好，phon声音－悦耳的
zhuji3000: 【根】 eu [good] + phon [sound] + -(i)ous [a.], (of) good sound → a. 悦耳的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 4)

正面: euphoria
definition: 【考法】n. 感觉极其愉快:a state of overwhelming usually pleasurable emotion
[例] The initial euphoria following her victory in the election has now subsided. 选举成功最初带给她的欢愉感现在已经消失。
[近] elation, exhilaration, intoxication, transport, rapture, rhapsody
[反] depression 沮丧
symbol: [ju:'fɔ:riə]
zhuji: 【记】eu好，phor带来，ia病－带来好的病－欣快症
zhuji3000: 【根】 eu [well] + phor [fer, carry] + -ia [n. 状态 (往往是生病的状态)], carrying well, 处于感觉极好的状态 → n. 感觉极其愉快
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 4)

正面: evacuate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 撤空:to empty or remove the contents of
[例] They were ordered to evacuate the building. 他们被命令搬出大楼。
[近] clear, vacate, void
[反] fill up, occupy, load 填满
【考法2】vt. 撤退:to remove especially from a military zone or dangerous area
[例] During World War Ⅱ, children were evacuated from London to the country. 二战期间,伦敦市的儿童被撤离到郊区。
[反] conquer 占领
symbol: [ɪ'vækjueɪt]
zhuji: 【记】e出，vacu空－因出去而空－撤离
zhuji3000: 【根】 e- [ex-, out] + vac [empty] + -ate [v.], empty out → vt. 撤空;撤退
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 4)

正面: evanescent
definition: 【考法】adj. 逐渐消失的,短暂的:tending to vanish like vapor
[例] Beauty is as evanescent as a rainbow. 容颜易老,年华易逝。
[近] ephemeral, fleeting, impermanent, temporary, transient, transitory
[反] ceaseless, endless, enduring, eternal, everlasting, immortal, permanent, perpetual, timeless, undying, unending, abiding, lasting 持久的
symbol: [ˌevə'nesnt]
zhuji: 【记】e出，van空，escent开始…的－出现就开始空了－渐渐消失的e出，van＝wan完，escent－出去就完蛋了－短暂的
zhuji3000: 【根】 e- [ex-, out] + van [empty] + -escent [a., become], become “empty out” → a. 逐渐消失的,短暂的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 4)

正面: evasive
definition: 【考法】adj. 难以发现、捕捉、分离的;含糊其辞的:hard to find, capture, or isolate; equivocal
[例] an evasive statement 模棱两可的陈述
[近] fugitive, slippery
[反] unequivocal 明确的
symbol: [ɪ'veɪsɪv]
zhuji3000: 【根】 e- [ex-, away] + vas [go] + -ive [a.], (easily) go away → a. 难以发现、捕捉、分离的;go away (from directly saying) → a. 含糊其辞的
[注] evade [逃避] 是evasive的动词形式
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 4)

正面: everlasting
definition: 【考法】adj. 永恒的,持久的:lasting forever; eternal
[例] To his everlasting credit, he never once gave in to temptation. 他人品非常好,从来没有屈服于诱惑。
[近] ageless, enduring, eternal, immortal, imperishable, perennial, perpetual, undying
[反] impermanent, mortal, temporary, transient, ephemeral 短暂的
symbol: [ˌevər'læstɪŋ]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ever [永远 (同forever)] + lasting [持久的,永恒的] → 永恒的,持久的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 5)

正面: evict
definition: 【考法】vt. 赶出,逐出:to put out(a tenant, for example)by legal process; expel
[例] Her landlord has threatened to evict her if she doesn't pay the rent soon. 她的房东威胁说如果再不交房租就要把她赶出去。
[反] harbor 收容
symbol: [ɪ'vɪkt]
zhuji: 【记】e，vict（征服）－把…征服出去－驱逐
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 5)

正面: evince
definition: 【考法】vt. 表明:to make known(something abstract)through outward signs
[例] evince a strong desire 明显地表现出强烈的欲望
[近] bespeak, betray, declare, demonstrate, expose, manifest, reveal, give away
[反] conceal, keep hidden 隐藏
symbol: [ɪ'vɪns]
zhuji: 【记】e出，vince＝vict征服－站出来用语言征服你－表明（事实等）
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 5)

正面: evoke
definition: 【考法】vt. 唤起,引发:to call forth or up
[例] evoke memories 唤起回忆
[近] elicit, inspire, raise
symbol: [ɪ'voʊk]
zhuji: 【记】e出，voke喊－喊出名字来－使想起
zhuji3000: 【根】 e- [ex-, out] + voke [call], call (memories, support) out → vt. 唤起,引发
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 5)

正面: exacerbate
definition: 【考法】vt. 使加剧, 使恶化:to make more violent, bitter, or severe
[例] a heavy rainfall that exacerbated the flood problems 大雨恶化了洪水问题
[近] aggravate, complicate, worsen
[反] allay, alleviate, assuage, mitigate, relieve, palliate 缓和
symbol: [ɪg'zæsərbeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，acerb苦－出现苦涩－恶化
zhuji3000: 【根】 ex- [thoroughly] + acerb [acerbic] + -ate [v.], make thoroughly sharp, acerbic → vt. 使加剧,使恶化
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 5)

正面: exacting
definition: 【考法1】adj. 严格的,苛求的:making severe demands; rigorous
[例] an exacting instructor 一位严苛的导师
[近] choosy, demanding, fastidious, finical, fussy, pernickety, persnickety, picky
[派] exact vt. 强求,索取:to force the payment or yielding of
[例] exact tribute from a conquered people 从征服的人民手中强取贡品
[反] condone, forgive 赦免,免除(债务)
【考法2】adj. 费时间花心思的:requiring much time, effort, or careful attention
[例] Editing and proofreading will always be an exacting task. 编辑和校对是花时间花心思的工作。
[近] arduous, burdensome, challenging, grueling, killing, laborious, onerous, taxing, toilsome
[反] light, unchallenging, undemanding 要求不高的
symbol: [ɪg'zæktɪŋ]
zhuji3000: 【记】 exact [a. 精确的] → a. 严格的,苛求的;费时间花心思的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 5)

正面: exalt
definition: 【考法1】vt. 提升,提拔:to raise in rank, character, or status; elevate
[例] Popular support and media hype have exalted Super Bowl Sunday to the level of a national holiday. 大众广泛的支持和媒体的大肆宣传已然将“超级碗美式足球冠军赛”变成了一个全民狂欢的大节日。
[近] aggrandize, canonize, deify, dignify, elevate, ennoble, magnify
[反] abase, degrade, demean, humble, lower in status 贬抑,降低身份
【考法2】vt. 赞扬:to glorify, praise, or honor
[近] emblazon, extol, glorify, laud, magnify
[反] condemn 谴责
symbol: [ɪg'zɔ:lt]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，alt高－高出－赞扬
zhuji3000: 【根】 ex- [out] + alt [高], 使高出来,“捧高” → v. 提升,提拔;赞扬
[注] 词根alt表示high [高],构成altitude [n. 海拔,高度]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 5)

正面: exasperate
definition: 【考法】vt. 激怒:to excite the anger of
[例] I was exasperated by the flight delays. 我被飞机延误激怒了。
[近] aggravate, gall, nettle, peeve, rile, ruffle, vex, burn up
[反] mitigate, mollify 平息
symbol: [ɪg'zæspəreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，asper粗暴的－使显出粗暴的样子－激怒ex出，asper呼吸－喘着粗气－被激怒了
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 5)

正面: excavate
definition: 【考法】v. 挖掘,挖空:to dig out and remove
[例] excavate soil from one area 从某处挖土出来
[反] fill in 填满
symbol: ['ekskəveɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，cav＝cave（n 洞）－挖出大洞－挖掘
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 5)

正面: exceptional
definition: 【考法】adj. 例外的,特别的,非凡的:being an exception; uncommon; extraordinary
[例] exceptional bravery 非凡的勇敢
[近] aberrant, abnormal, anomalous, exceeding, extraordinary, peculiar, unwonted
[反] commonplace, prosaic, customary, normal, ordinary, typical, unextraordinary, usual 平凡常见的
symbol: [ɪk'sep∫ənl]
zhuji: 【记】exception（n 除外；异议）ex出，cept拿走－除外
zhuji3000: 【根】 (ex- [out] + cept [take] + -ion [n.] ) + -al [a.], exception [n. 例外] + -al [的] → a. 例外的,特别的,非凡的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 5)

正面: excoriate
definition: 【考法】vt. 严厉批评:to criticize harshly and usually publicly
[例] She was excoriated as a racist. 她被指责是一个种族歧视者。
[近] abuse, assail, belabor, castigate, lambaste, vituperate
[反] accolade, extol, flatter, praise lavishly 赞扬
symbol: [ˌeks'kɔ:rieɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，cor＝core（n 果核；核心）－使核心出来－撕去皮；强烈公开谴责（就像撕去别人一层皮）
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 6)

正面: excrete
definition: 【考法】vt. 排泄:to separate and discharge(waste matter)from the blood, tissues, or organs
[例] excrete sweat 排汗
[反] absorb, ingest 吸收
symbol: [ɪk'skri:t]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，crete＝create创造－创造出废物－排泄
zhuji3000: 【根】 ex- [out] + crete [create], create out → v. 排泄
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 6)

正面: excruciate
definition: 【考法】vt. 折磨,使痛苦:to inflict severe pain on; torture
[例] She has long been excruciated by a persistent pain in her back. 她长久以来被背痛折磨。
[近] agonize, anguish, plague, rack, torment, torture, harrow
[反] exult 使欢跃
symbol: [ɪk'skru:∫ieɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，cruci＝crude粗鲁，ate：粗鲁的对待你－使痛苦
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 6)

正面: exculpate
definition: 【考法】vt. 声明无罪;开脱,使无罪:to clear from alleged fault or guilt
[例] I have gathered evidence that will exculpate my client. 我已经搜集到能够证明委托人无罪的证据了。
[近] absolve, acquit, clear, exonerate, vindicate
[反] attribute guilt, inculpate, indict, criminate, incriminate 归罪,控告
symbol: ['ekskʌlpeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，culp罪行－从罪行中出来－开脱
zhuji3000: 【根】 ex- [out] + culp [guilt] + -ate [v.], make (sb.) out of guilt → vt. 声明无罪;开脱,使无罪
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 6)

正面: excursive
definition: 【考法】adj. 离题的;散漫的:passing from one topic to another
[例] an excursive story line that some readers of Melville's novel find very rewarding 梅尔维尔小说的一些读者非常喜欢松散的故事主线
[近] desultory, digressive, meandering, rambling, wandering
symbol: [ɪk'skɜ:rsɪv]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，curs跑－跑离题的
zhuji3000: 【根】 ex- [out] + curs [run] + -ive [a.], run out (of main subject) → a. 离题的;(attention) run out, 心不在焉 → a. 散漫的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 6)

正面: execrate
definition: 【考法1】v. 谴责:to declare to be morally wrong or evil
[例] Leaders from all over the world execrated the terrorists responsible for the bomb blast. 世界各国首脑强烈谴责对爆炸袭击负责的恐怖分子。
[近] anathematize, censure, decry, denounce, reprehend, reprobate
[反] bless 保佑
【考法2】v. 痛恨:to dislike strongly
[例] execrate anyone who would physically abuse children or animals 痛恨那些虐待儿童或动物的人
[近] abhor, abominate, despise, detest, loathe
[反] love 爱
symbol: ['eksɪkreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，secrat神圣－走出神圣－咒骂desecrate（vt 亵渎；污辱）de坏，se色，crate板条箱（装神物的）：对装有神物的五颜六色的板条箱作坏动作－亵渎ex出，crate板条箱：把装有神物的板条箱扔出去－咒骂
zhuji3000: 【根】 ex- [out] + (s) ecr [sacr, sacred] + -ate [v.], 请神消灭 → v. 谴责;痛恨
【联】 execrate的后四个字母rate [v. 责骂],berate [v. 痛骂]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 6)

正面: exemplary
definition: 【考法1】adj. 榜样的,值得效仿的:constituting, serving as, or worthy of being a pattern to be imitated
[例] As a hospital volunteer he has given exemplary service to his community. 他作为医疗志愿者为社区起到了模范的作用。
[近] archetypal, imitable, paradigmatic, quintessential
[派] exemplify vt.(通过榜样)示范,显示:to show or illustrate by example
【考法2】adj. 作为警告的:serving as or offering a warning
[例] Armies have traditionally used public execution as an exemplary punishment for the crime of desertion. 军队通常将公开处决作为玩忽职守罪的惩罚,以儆效尤。
[近] admonishing, admonitory, monitory, premonitory, warning
symbol: [ɪg'zempləri]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ex- [out] + emp [take] + l + -ary [a.], take out (as example): good example → a. 榜样的,值得效仿的;bad example → a. 作为警告的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 6)

正面: exempt
definition: 【考法】vt. 使免除:to release or deliver from some liability or requirement to which others are subject
[例] a man exempted from military service 免服军役的人
symbol: [ɪg'zempt]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，empt拿，买－拿出去－免除
zhuji3000: 【根】 ex- [out] + empt [take], take out (liability) → vt. 使免除 (责任)
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 6)

正面: exhaust
definition: 【考法1】vt. 耗尽:to consume entirely: to make complete use of
[例] We exhausted our funds in a week. 我们在一周内就耗尽了经费。
[近] consume, devour, drain, expend, spend, use up
[派] exhaustive adj. 彻底的,完整的,详尽的:testing all possibilities; thorough; complete
[例] conduct an exhaustive investigation 做详尽的调查
[反] incomplete, partial 不完全的
【考法2】vt. 使筋疲力尽:to wear out completely
[例] exhausted by overwork 加班使得筋疲力尽
[近] fatigue, frazzle, harass, wear out, weary, knock out
symbol: [ɪg'zɔ:st]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，haust拉－拉出－耗尽
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 6)

正面: exhilarate
definition: 【考法】vt. 使高兴;使兴奋:to make cheerful and excited
[例] be exhilarated by her success 为她的成功感到兴奋
[近] electrify, galvanize, intoxicate, pump up, turn on
[反] sadden, depress 使悲哀,使沮丧
[派] exhilarating adj. 令人兴奋的
[反] soporific 昏昏欲睡的
symbol: [ɪg'zɪləreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，hilar高兴－使人表现出高兴－使高兴ex出，hil＝hill：不上课了，出去到小山上玩－使振奋，高兴
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 6)

正面: exhort
definition: 【考法】vt. 敦促,力劝:to urge by strong, often stirring argument, admonition, advice, or appeal
[例] The speaker exhorted the graduating students to go forth and try to make a difference in the world. 演讲者鼓励毕业生们向广阔天地前进,有所作为。
[近] encourage, goad, nudge, prod, prompt, egg on
symbol: [ɪg'zɔ:rt]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，hort鼓舞－鼓舞出来－力劝ex出，hort读：揍他－出来揍他一顿，让他不背单词，我看他以后还敢不敢？！－“力”劝ex出，hort＝hot：44度的天气让你在太阳下背单词，你肯定不去，所以要力劝；恳求。
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 7)

正面: exigent
definition: 【考法】adj. 紧急的:requiring immediate aid or action
[例] exigent circumstances 紧急情况
[近] compelling, dire, emergent, imperative, importunate, necessitous, pressing, urgent
[反] deferrable, noncritical, nonurgent 可拖延的,不紧急的
symbol: ['eksɪʤənt]
zhuji: 【记】源于urgent（adj 急迫的；紧急的）
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 7)

正面: exodus
definition: 【考法】n. 大批离去:a mass departure
[例] the mass exodus from the cities for the beaches on most summer weekends 在多数夏季的周末,大批都市人奔向海滩
[近] gush, outpour, outpouring
[反] influx, flux, inflow, inrush 涌入
symbol: ['eksədəs]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，dus＝bus：座大巴出去－成批离去ex出，us我们：我们出去－成批离去
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 7)

正面: exonerate
definition: 【考法】vt. 免除责备:to free from blame
[例] An investigation exonerated the school from any blame. 一项调查使该学校免受责备。
[近] absolve, acquit, clear, vindicate
[反] censure, incriminate, inculpate, prove guilty 责难,证明有罪
symbol: [ɪg'zɑ:nəreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，oner负担 －走出负担－无罪
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 7)

正面: exorbitant
definition: 【考法】adj. 过度的:exceeding the customary or appropriate limits in intensity, quality, amount, or size
[例] exorbitant prices 过高的价格
[近] extravagant, intolerable, lavish, overdue, overweening, unconscionable
[反] middling, moderate, modest, reasonable, temperate 适度的,合适的
symbol: [ɪg'zɔ:rbɪtənt]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，orbit（n 轨道；生活常规）－走出常规－过分的
zhuji3000: 【记】 ex- [out] + orbit [n. 轨道v. 旋转] + -ant [a.], orbit out, 转出轨道 → a. 过度的
【参】 近义词extravagant [a. 过度的,浪费的],字面含义“wander [vag] outside [extra-]”
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position: (9, 7)

正面: exotic
definition: 【考法】adj. 外来的,不同寻常的:excitingly or mysteriously unusual
[例] She's famous for her exotic tastes. 她以有异域风情著称。
[近] outlandish, strange
[反] indigenous, familiar, nonglamorous, plain-Jane, unexotic 本地的;平常的
symbol: [ɪg'zɑ:tɪk]
zhuji: 【记】ex外面－外面来的－奇异的；脱衣舞的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 7)

正面: expansive
definition: 【考法1】adj. 广阔的:having a great expanse or extent
[例] expansive beach 广阔的沙滩
[近] broad, extended, far-reaching, rangy
[反] limited, narrow 有限的
【考法2】adj. 话多的,健谈的:characterized by high spirits, generosity, or readiness to talk
[例] The first Moon explorers were rarely expansive in describing their surroundings; on the contrary, their reports tended to be laconic. 初期的探月者们很少对所处的周遭环境进行大量描述;相反,他们的报告显得格外简洁。
[近] communicative, eloquent, garrulous, glib, loquacious, talkative, vocative, voluble
[反] laconic, reserved, reticent, taciturn 话少的,沉默寡言的
symbol: [ɪk'spænsɪv]
zhuji: 【记】源于expand（vt 使膨胀；详述）ex出，pan平底锅：出门带着pan，边给人家做饭，边聊天－太开朗了！！！
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 7)

正面: expedite
definition: 【考法】vt. 加快进程:to speed up the progress of; accelerate
[例] expedite your plans 加快你的计划
[反] retard 减速,阻碍
symbol: ['ekspədaɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，ped脚－把脚迈出去－加速
zhuji3000: 【根】 ex- [out] + ped [foot] + -ite [v.], (put) feet out (of fetters) , 除去脚镣 → vt. 加快进程
【联】 expedition [n. 动作迅速]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 7)

正面: expedition
definition: 【考法】n. 动作迅速:speed in performance; promptness
[例] deal with the order with the greatest possible expedition 以可能的最快的速度处理订单
[近] haste, celerity, dispatch
[反] foot-dragging 拖拉
symbol: [ˌekspə'dɪ∫n]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 7)

正面: expiate
definition: 【考法】vt. 赎罪,纠正:to extinguish the guilt incurred by
[例] expiate one's sin 赎罪
[近] mend, redeem, atone for
symbol: ['ekspieɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，pi＝pious（adj 虔诚的）－显出虔诚的态度－赎罪ex出，pi，ate吃：为了赎罪把pi吃掉！
zhuji3000: 【记】 ex- [out] + pi [devout] + -ate [v.], 通过对神的虔诚来脱离罪行 → vt. 赎罪,纠正
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 7)

正面: expire
definition: 【考法1】v. 断气,死亡:to breathe one's last breath; die
[例] The patient expired early this morning. 病人今早逝世了。
[近] conclude, elapse, terminate, decease, leave off, let up
[反] come to life 出生
【考法2】v. 到期:to come to an end
[例] My membership in the club has expired. 我的会员资格到期了。
[近] discontinue, elapse, end, finish, terminate, wind up, wink out
[反] continue, persist, hang on 持续,续期
symbol: [ɪk'spaɪər]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，pire＝spire呼吸－呼出最后一口气－去世
zhuji3000: 【根】 ex- [out] + (s) pir [breathe] + -e [v.], out of “breathe” → v. 断气,死亡;到期
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 8)

正面: explicit
definition: 【考法1】adj. 表达清晰的:fully revealed or expressed without vagueness, implication, or ambiguity
[例] explicit instructions 表达清晰的指示说明
[近] clear-cut, definite, specific, unambiguous, unequivocal, univocal
[反] obscure, implicit, implied, inferred, ambiguous, circuitous, equivocal, indefinite, unspecific, vague 模糊的
【考法2】adj. 成熟的,完全形成的:fully developed or formulated
[例] an explicit plan 成熟的计划
[反] inchoate 未完成的,未形成的
symbol: [ɪk'splɪsɪt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ex- [out] + plic [fold] + -it [a.], out of “fold”, (表达上) 没有 (含义的) 重叠与歧义 → a. 表达清晰的;没有重叠,不模糊 → a. 成熟的,完全形成的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 8)

正面: exploit
definition: 【考法1】['eksplɔɪt] n. 英雄行为:a notable or heroic act
[例] his wartime exploits 他在战争期间的英勇行为
【考法2】[ɪk'splɔɪt] vt. 最大程度地利用:to employ to the greatest possible advantage
[例] exploit your opponent's weakness 利用你对手的弱点
[近] abuse, leverage, play on, capitalize on, impose on
symbol: None
zhuji: 【记】explore（v 探险；探究）是为了exploit
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 8)

正面: exponent
definition: 【考法1】n. 倡导者,支持者:one that speaks for, represents, or advocates
[例] Exponents of space exploration earnestly called for more missions to the outer reaches of the solar system. 太空探险的支持者强烈要求对太阳系的外边缘进行探索。
[近] advocator, backer, booster, champion, espouser, friend, promoter, proponent
[反] adversary, antagonist, opponent [反]对者
【考法2】n. 实践者,典型代表:one who brings an art or science to full realization
[例] She has long reigned as the nation's leading exponent of modern dance. 她长期以来被认为是该国现代舞的集大成者。
[近] expounder, guru, interpreter, practitioner, high priest
symbol: [ɪk'spoʊnənt]
zhuji: 【记】源于：expound（v 详细解释）；ex出，pound读：邦德（007）－007一出来必定会出现3个场景：女人；打斗；对案情的解释说明！explain（v 解释说明）
zhuji3000: 【根】 ex- [out] + pon [put] + -ent [n.], put out (to the public) → n. 倡导者,支持者;put out (from conception to realization), 使脑海中的构想成为现实 → n. 实践者;put out (as example) → n. 典型代表
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 8)

正面: expurgate
definition: 【考法】vt. 净化(书等),删去(不当处):to remove erroneous, vulgar, obscene, or otherwise objectionable material from(a book, for example)before publication
[例] an expurgated edition of the letters 信件的删减版
[近] bowdlerize, obliterate, launder, red-pencil, clean up
symbol: ['ekspərgeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，purg清洗－清洗出去－使纯洁ex出，pur读：泼，gate：出门后把gate泼一下水－清洗－删除
zhuji3000: 【根】 ex- [out] + pur [pure] + g + -ate [v.], 使…纯净 (起来) → v. 净化 (书等),删去 (不当处)
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 8)

正面: exquisite
definition: 【考法1】adj. 程度强烈的:extreme in degree, power, or effect
[例] suffer exquisite pain 遭受强烈的痛感
[近] acute, dreadful, excruciating, explosive, ferocious, fierce, furious, intensive, keen, profound, terrible, vehement, vicious
[反] light, moderate, soft 适当的
【考法2】adj. 精致精巧的:having qualities that appeal to a refined taste
[例] exquisite pen-and-ink drawings of city scenes 精巧的城市钢笔画
[近] dainty, delicate, elegant, recherché, select
symbol: [ɪk'skwɪzɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，quisite要求，寻找－按要求做出，寻求每一处的精细－精致的；完美的
zhuji3000: 【根】 ex- [out] + quis [seek] + -ite [a.], seek out, 经过寻求、搜寻从而得出 (而不是随便选出的) → a. 细致精巧的;“out” → 过于…的, 极端的 → a. 程度强烈的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 8)

正面: extant
definition: 【考法】adj. 现存的:still in existence; not destroyed, lost, or extinct
[例] the most charming writer extant 目前活着的作家中最有魅力的一位‖extant manuscripts 未毁坏的手稿
[近] current, immediate, ongoing, present-day, existent
[反] destroyed, extinct, lost, missing, dead, nonextant 丢失的,不存在的
symbol: [ek'stænt]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，stand站－二战后还能站着出来－现存的
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position: (9, 8)

正面: extemporize
definition: 【考法】v. 即兴表现:to do or perform(something)without prior preparation or practice
[例] A good talk show host has to be able to extemporize the interviews when things don't go as planned. 一个好的脱口秀主持人要能够在计划之外即兴表现。
[反] follow a script 参考草稿
[派] extemporaneous adj. 即席的
[反] planned 有计划的
symbol: [ɪk'stempəraɪz]
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position: (9, 8)

正面: extenuate
definition: 【考法】vt. 减轻罪过:to lessen or to try to lessen the seriousness or extent of by making partial excuses
[例] Try to extenuate their vandalism with the old refrain of“Boys will be boys.”企图用“江山易改本性难移”的俗语为他们的暴行开脱。
[近] deodorize, excuse, explain away, gloss over, gloze over
symbol: [ɪk'stenjueɪt]
zhuji: 【记】tenu细薄－使罪行变得稀薄－掩饰罪行
zhuji3000: 【根】 ex- [out] + tenu [thin] + -ate [v.], make (seriousness) thin out → vt. 减轻罪过
[注] 词组thin out表示“变薄”
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 8)

正面: extinct
definition: 【考法】adj. 灭绝的:no longer existing or living
[例] extinct species 灭绝的物种
[近] bygone, bypast, defunct, expired, nonextant, vanished
[反] alive, extant, existing, living, resuscitated 现存的
[派] extinction n. 灭绝
[反] perpetuation 永存
symbol: [ɪk'stɪŋkt]
zhuji: 【记】tin熄灭；参：extinguish（vt 熄灭；消灭；偿清）
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position: (9, 8)

正面: extinguish
definition: 【考法1】vt. 熄灭:to put out(a fire, for example); quench
[例] The fire in the skillet was quickly extinguished by slamming the lid on. 盖上锅盖后,平底锅的火苗很快熄灭了。
[近] blanket, douse, quench, put out, snuff out
[反] ignite, rekindle 点燃
【考法2】vt. 终止:to bring to a complete end the physical soundness, existence, or usefulness of
[例] a fatal blunder that extinguished all hope that the team would actually win the play-offs 一个致命的失误使得队伍赢得季后赛的希望完全破灭
[近] annihilate, decimate, demolish, desolate, devastate, pulverize, ruin, shatter, smash, tear down, pull down, rub out
[反] build, construct, erect, raise, rear, set up, put up 建立
symbol: [ɪk'stɪŋgwɪ∫]
zhuji: 【记】tin－熄灭
zhuji3000: 【根】 ex- [out] + (s) ting [刺] + u + -ish [v.], “刺, 使out (of fire)”, 刺灭 (火焰) → vt. 熄灭;终止
【联】 形容词extinct [a. 灭绝的]
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position: (9, 9)

正面: extol
definition: 【考法】vt. 赞美;吹捧:to praise highly; glorify
[例] extol the virtues of... 赞美……的优点
[近] carol, exalt, glorify, laud, magnify, resound
[反] censure, impugn, malign, deprecate, detract, rail, vilify, excoriate 批评
symbol: [ɪk'stoʊl]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，tol举－把人举出来－赞美＝exalt
zhuji3000: 【联】 ex- [out] + tol [tall, 近], 使“高出来” → v. 赞美;吹捧
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 9)

正面: extort
definition: 【考法】vt. 勒索:to obtain from a person by force, intimidation, or undue or illegal power
[例] The criminals extorted large sums of money from their victims. 绑匪向受害者勒索大笔钱财。
[近] wrest, wring
symbol: [ɪk'stɔ:rt]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，tort扭，折磨－把别人的东西强扭出来－强取豪夺
zhuji3000: 【根】 ex- [out] + tort [twist], twist (money) out, 扭出钱 → vt. 勒索
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 9)

正面: extract
definition: 【考法】vt. 用力拔出:to pull or take out forcibly
[例] extract a wisdom tooth 拔出一颗智齿
[近] pull, uproot, wrest, wring, yank, root out, tear out
[反] embed 嵌入
symbol: [ɪk'strækt]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，tract拉－拔出
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 9)

正面: extraction
definition: 【考法】n. 血统:origin; lineage; ancestry
[例] a family of French extraction 有法国血统的家族
[近] bloodline, breeding, descent, genealogy, lineage, origin, family tree
symbol: [ɪk'stræk∫n]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 9)

正面: extraneous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 无关的:having no relevance
[例] an extraneous digression 无关的跑题
[近] impertinent, inapplicable, irrelative, accidental, adventitious, external
[反] applicable, apposite, apropos, germane, pertinent, relative, relevant 相关的
【考法2】adj. 非主要因素的:not forming an essential or vital part
[例] The architect's streamlined modern style shuns any sort of extraneous ornamentation. 建筑师流线型的现代设计避免了一切多余的装饰。
[近] accidental, adventitious, alien, external, foreign
[反] essential, inherent, innate, intrinsic 本质的,核心的
symbol: [ɪk'streɪniəs]
zhuji: 【记】extra（adj 额外的adv 特别地；非常n 号外；临时演员）
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 9)

正面: extravagant
definition: 【考法1】adj. 挥霍的:given to spending money freely or foolishly
[例] She has always been extravagant with her money. 她总是挥金如土。
[近] profligate, spendthrift, squandering, thriftless, unthrifty, wasteful
[反] frugal, conserving, economical, penny-pinching, scrimping, skimping, thrifty 节省的
【考法2】adj. 过度的,不必要的:going beyond a normal or acceptable limit in degree or amount
[例] The book doesn't quite merit the extravagant praise that it has received. 这本书被盛赞过度。
[近] baroque, exorbitant, immoderate, inordinate, lavish, overdue, overmuch, overweening, plethoric, unconscionable, unmerciful
[反] middling, moderate, modest, reasonable, temperate 适当的,适度的
symbol: [ɪk'strævəgənt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 extra- [outside] + vag [wander] + -ant [a.], wander outside → a. 过度的,不必要的;(花钱) 过度的 → a. 挥霍的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 9)

正面: extricate
definition: 【考法】vt. 使解脱,救出:to free or remove from an entanglement or difficulty
[例] extricate himself from financial difficulties 使他摆脱财政困境
[近] disengage, disentangle, free, liberate, release, untangle
[反] enmesh, entangle, embroil 使卷入
symbol: ['ekstrɪkeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，tric复杂，诡计－从复杂诡计中出来－解脱
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 9)

正面: exuberant
definition: 【考法1】adj. 非常高兴的,热情洋溢的:joyously unrestrained and enthusiastic
[例] Exuberant crowds rushed to greet the returning national champions. 激动的人群争先恐后地向凯旋的全国冠军表示问候。
[近] ebullient, effervescent, frolic, buoyant, bouncy, vivacious
[反] austere 克制的;sullen 闷闷不乐的
【考法2】adj. 大量的,充分的:produced in extreme abundance
[例] an exuberant imagination 丰富的想象力
[近] ample, lavish, lush, luxuriant, opulent, plentiful, prodigal, profuse, riotous
[反] meager, scant, sparse 匮乏的
symbol: [ɪg'zu:bərənt]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 9)

正面: exude
definition: 【考法】v. 分泌,流出:to flow forth slowly through small openings
[例] a sticky resin exuded from the bark 从树皮中分泌出来的黏稠的树脂
[近] bleed, ooze, seep
[反] absorb 吸收
symbol: [ɪg'zu:d]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，ude＝sud汗－出汗－慢慢流出
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 9)

正面: exult
definition: 【考法】vi. 感到欢喜:to rejoice especially with feelings or display of triumph or self-satisfaction
[例] exult in a triumph 沉浸在胜利的欢喜当中
[近] delight, glory, jubilate, joy, rejoice, triumph
[反] lament, mourn 哀悼;bemoan 叹息,悲伤
[派] exultant adj. 狂喜的
symbol: [ɪg'zʌlt]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，sult跳跃－高兴的跳起来－狂喜
zhuji3000: 【根】 ex- [out] + (s) ult [leap], leap out, 欢腾、雀跃 → vi. 感到欢喜
[注] 前缀ex-的发音导致sult的s脱落
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position: (9, 10)

正面: fable
definition: 【考法1】n. 寓言故事:a story intended to teach a basic truth or moral about life
[例] This classic Christmas film is essentially a fable showing how every person's life has meaning. 这部经典的基督教电影本质上来说是一个寓言,它告诉我们每个人的生命都是有意义的。
[近] apologue, parable
[派] fabulous adj. 寓言般的,难以置信的
【考法2】n. 神话,传说:a legendary story of supernatural happenings
[例] According to an ancient fable, the waters of the mountain spring are the tears of a woman weeping for her lost children. 根据一个古老的传说,山中的这眼泉水是一名失去孩子的母亲所流下的眼泪。
[近] legend, mythos, tale
【考法3】n. 谎言,虚构:a statement known by its maker to be untrue and made in order to deceive
[例] The stories of lost cities of gold may have been fables deliberately concocted by Native Americans to dupe the Spanish. 所谓的“失落的黄金之都”的故事也许只是美洲土著们杜撰出来忽悠西班牙人的。
[近] fabrication, falsehood, lie, mendacity, prevarication, story
[反] fact 事实;truth 真相
symbol: ['feɪbl]
zhuji3000: 【根】 字面义 (what is) told,古时候没有文字,积累的思想和历史只能通过寓言故事和神话的形式口口相传。尽管神话都是假的,但它赋予了一个人乃至一个民族无比宝贵的精神力量 → n.寓言故事;神话,传说;谎言,虚构
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (9, 10)

正面: fabricate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 捏造:to make up for the purpose of deception
[例] be accused of fabricating evidence 被指控有捏造证据的行为
[近] concoct, coin, devise, forge, fake, feign, invent
【考法2】vt. 搭建,组建;打造:to bring into being by combining, shaping, or transforming materials
[例] The house was essentially fabricated at the factory and then shipped to the site for assembly. 这间房屋的核心主体在工厂内建好之后,它被运往目的地直接进行组装。‖All the key parts are fabricated from high quality titanium alloy. 所有的关键零件都是由上好的钛合金打造的。
[近] assemble, construct, erect, frame, fashion, manufacture, produce, rear, set up
[反] demount, disassemble, dismantle, dismember 拆解,拆毁
[派] fabrication n. 组建;虚构的事物
symbol: ['fæbrɪkeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】fabric（n 构造）－构造出来的－捏造fabric（n 织物）ate吃：织物还能吃？你不是骗傻子呢吗？捏造！
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position: (9, 10)

正面: facetious
definition: 【考法】adj. 喜欢开玩笑的,轻浮的:joking or jesting often inappropriately
[例] Stop being facetious! This is the life-and-death moment. 别开玩笑了!这可是生死攸关的时刻。
[近] humorous, jocose, jocular, waggish, witty
[反] earnest, sincere 真挚的,真诚的;lugubrious 哀怨的
symbol: [fə'si:∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】faceti玩笑face脸，ous多：鬼脸比较多－滑稽幽默的；好开玩笑的
zhuji3000: 【联】 可以看成“做鬼脸 [make faces] 的” → a. 喜欢开玩笑的,轻浮的
[注] facetious有个有趣的特点:所有的元音字母按顺序出现一次
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position: (9, 10)

正面: facile
definition: 【考法1】adj. 表面的,浅尝辄止的:having or showing a lack of depth of understanding or character
[例] a facile slogan devised by politicians 政客们肤浅的宣传口号
[近] cursory, shallow, simplistic, superficial
[反] deep, profound 深刻的;comprehensive, exhaustive 全面的,详尽的
【考法2】adj. 容易的,唾手可得的:easily accomplished or attained
[例] a facile victory 一场轻松易得的胜利‖propose a facile solution to a complex problem 给一个复杂的问题提议一个容易的解决方案
[近] cheap, easy, effortless, painless
[反] arduous, demanding, difficult, formidable, hard, laborious, toilsome, tough 费力的,困难的
symbol: ['fæsl]
zhuji: 【记】fac（做），ile（能…的）－能做的－容易的
zhuji3000: 【根】 fac (e) + -ile [a.], of face → a. 表面的,浅尝辄止的
[注] facile的另外一个含义“容易的,唾手可得的”,来自“容易 [-ile] 做 [fac] 的”
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position: (9, 10)

正面: facilitate
definition: 【考法】vt. 使变容易,促进:to make easy or easier
[例] The new airport will facilitate the development of tourism. 新建机场将促进旅游业的发展。
[近] ease, expedite, forward, further, help
[反] check, hamper, handicap, hinder, impede, obstruct, thwart, retard 阻碍,阻止;complicate 使复杂化
[派] facility n. 设施;容易,方便
symbol: [fə'sɪlɪteɪt]
zhuji: 【记】facile（adj 易做到的；不花力气的；性格温和的）face，le乐：想让脸乐还不容易吗？Fac＝face，ilit，ate吃：用脸吃饭还不容易吗？
zhuji3000: 【根】 fac [make] + -il (e) [easy] + it + -ate [v.], make easy → vt. 使变容易,促进
[注] 形容词后缀-ile表示“具有…能力的,易于…的”。例如:
agile [敏捷的] (“易于行动 [ag=act]”),
ductile [有延展性的; 易受影响的] (“易于lead [duct]”),
facile [容易的] (“易于做 [fac]”),
fragile [易碎的] (“容易碎 [frag=break, 参fragment碎片]”),
mobile [可移动的, 可变的] (“可移动 [mob=move]”),
motile [能动的] (“able, easy to move [mot, 参motion [运动] ]”),
tactile [能感知的, 有触觉的] (“可摸到 [tact, 参contact [接触, 联系]]”),
versatile [全能的, 多才多艺的; 易改变的] (“easy to turn [vers]”)
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position: (9, 10)

正面: faction
definition: 【考法】n. 派系:a party or group(as within a government)that is often contentious or self-seeking
[例] affiliated with one faction 附属于某个党派‖North-Ocean Faction 北洋派
[近] bloc, body, clique, coalition, sect, wing
[派] factional adj. [派]系的,[派]别的
symbol: ['fæk∫n]
zhuji3000: 【根】 fact [do] + -ion [n.], 做事的 (一伙人组成的) → n.派系
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position: (9, 10)

正面: fallacious
definition: 【考法1】adj. 谬误的,不合逻辑的:containing or based on a fallacy
[例] The once-common fallacious claim that girls just weren't any good at math. 曾经广为流传的一个谬论:女孩子无论如何就是学不好数学。
[近] illogical, invalid, irrational, mad, reasonless, sophistic, unreasonable
[反] sound 论证有力的;valid 合乎逻辑的
[派] fallacy n. 逻辑谬误
【考法2】adj. 欺骗性的:tending to deceive or mislead
[例] fallacious testimony 不真实的证词
[近] beguiling, deceiving, deceptive, deluding, delusive, delusory, false, fraudulent, misleading
[反] authentic, veritable 真实的
symbol: [fə'leɪ∫əs]
zhuji3000: 【根】 fall [false误] + -acious [a., …多], 错误多的 → a.谬误的,不合逻辑的;故意说错 → a. 欺骗性的
【联】 fallacy [n. 谬论,谬误]
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position: (9, 10)

正面: fallow
definition: 【考法1】adj. 休耕的:left untilled or unsown after plowing
[例] The field was lying fallow. 那田地正在休耕中。
[近] untilled, uncultivated
【考法2】adj. 闲置的:not being in a state of use, activity, or employment
[例] The coal mine has been lying fallow since the drop in prices made it unprofitable. 自从煤价下跌造成亏损,这个煤矿就一直处于停工状态。
[近] dead, dormant, inert, inoperative, latent, unused, vacant
[反] functioning, occupied, operative, running, working 使用中的;active 活跃的
symbol: ['fæloʊ]
zhuji: 【记】fall low－降低：土地休耕就会导致产量的降低fellow（n 人；家伙；伙伴）站在fallow上玩耍！
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position: (9, 10)

正面: fail-safe
definition: 【考法1】n. 保险措施:a measure taken to preclude loss or injury
[例] There are so many fail-safes built into the system that a highly unlikely series of mistakes would have to be made before failure could occur. 系统中嵌入了大量的保险措施,因此在系统崩溃之前,必须要发生一系列几乎不可能出现的错误。
[近] caution, palladium, preventive, safeguard
【考法2】adj. 万无一失的:having no chance of failure
[例] a fail-safe device 自动防故障装置‖Men have traditionally regarded flowers as the fail-safe gift for Valentine's Day. 男士们长期以来认为鲜花是情人节永远不会错的礼物。
[近] certain, foolproof, sure, unfailing
[反] fallible 容易犯错的
Trouble is only opportunity in work clothes.
困难只是穿上工作服的机遇。
——美国实业家 凯泽(H.J. Kaiser, American businessman)
我们刷的不是单词,而是关爱。”
录取院校:The Pennsylvania of State University, Department of Geography)
symbol: [feɪl-seɪf]
zhuji3000: 【记】 fail [失败] + safe [安全的], safe against failure → n. 保险措施 a. 万无一失的
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position: (9, 10)

正面: falsehood
definition: 【考法】n. 谎言:a statement known by its maker to be untrue and made in order to deceive
[例] Truth always rise above falsehood, as oil rise above water. 油脂水面浮,真理胜谎言。
[近] deception, fable, lie, mendacity, prevarication, untruth
[反] truth, verity 真相,实话
symbol: ['fɔ:lshʊd]
zhuji3000: 【根】 false [假] + -hood [n.], 假的 (话) → n. 谎言
[注] 名词后缀-hood表示“处于…状态 (的事物)”,例如childhood [童年]
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position: (10, 1)

正面: falter
definition: 【考法1】vi. 蹒跚:to walk unsteadily
[近] lurch, stagger, stumble, teeter, totter, wobble
【考法2】vi. 犹豫,踌躇:to be unsteady in purpose or action, as from loss of courage or confidence
[例] Mr. Garrison never once faltered in his demand that slavery be unconditionally abolished. 盖瑞森先生从不对他废除奴隶的要求存有任何的犹豫。
[近] balance, halt, hesitate, vacillate, waver
[派] faltering adj. 犹豫的
symbol: ['fɔ:ltər]
zhuji: 【记】f，alter（v 改变）－总是改变走路的方向－蹒跚
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position: (10, 1)

正面: fanatic
definition: 【考法1】n. 狂热者:a person marked or motivated by an extreme, unreasoning enthusiasm, as for a cause
[例] a soccer fanatic 一个足球迷
[近] bigot, devotee, enthusiast, fiend, freak, maniac, partisan, zealot
[反] nonfan 非爱好者
【考法2】adj. 狂热的;盲信的:marked by excessive enthusiasm and often intense uncritical devotion
[例] They are fanatic about sadomasochism. 他们对SM十分狂热。
[近] extreme, rabid, radical, revolutionary, ultra
[反] conservative 保守的;rational 理性的
[派] fanatical adj. 狂热的;盲信的
symbol: [fə'nætɪk]
zhuji: 【记】fan（n 扇子；迷；狂热者；爱好者）
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position: (10, 1)

正面: fantasy
definition: 【考法1】n. 幻想:imaginative fiction featuring especially strange settings and grotesque characters
[例] indulge in a fantasy 沉迷于幻想
[近] chimera, conceit, daydream, delusion, dream, hallucination, illusion, vision
[反] actuality, fact, reality, truth 事实,现实
【考法2】vt. 产生幻想:to form a mental picture of
[例] He regularly fantasies romantic encounters that he knows will never happen. 他会定期意淫一些永远不可能发生的浪漫邂逅。
[近] dream, envisage, envision, fantasize, imagine, picture
[派] fantastic adj. 梦幻般的,极好的
symbol: ['fæntəsi]
zhuji: 【记】源于：Final Fantasy（最终幻想）系列，Square公司的大作
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position: (10, 1)

正面: farce
definition: 【考法1】n.(带有嘲讽元素的)滑稽戏:a light dramatic composition marked by broadly satirical comedy and improbable plot
[近] burlesque, caricature, parody, sham, travesty
[反] serious play 正剧
【考法2】n. 闹剧:ridiculous or empty show
[例] The enforcement of this law became a farce. 这条法律的执行过程成了一场闹剧。
[近] joke, mockery, nonsense
[派] farcical adj. 荒谬的
symbol: [fɑ:rs]
zhuji: 【记】far远，ce＝voice声音－声音传得远－闹剧far远，ce死：远远的死了，闹得太过分了－闹剧
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position: (10, 1)

正面: fascinate
definition: 【考法】vt. 强烈吸引,使入迷:to hold an intense interest or attraction for
[例] toys that fascinate infants 吸引婴儿们的玩具
[近] allure, arrest, attract, bewitch, captivate, charm, enchant, enthrall, grip
[反] disgust, repel 使厌恶,使[反]感
[派] fascinating adj. 引人入胜的
symbol: ['fæsɪneɪt]
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position: (10, 1)

正面: fast
definition: 【考法1】n. 绝食;斋戒:an act of abstaining from food
[例] fast to death 绝食而死
[近] hunger strike
【考法2】adj. 快速的:characterized by quick motion, operation, or effect
[例] The fast pace of construction resulted in our new house being done ahead of schedule. 极快的施工使得我们的新房提前竣工。
[近] brisk, expeditious, fleeting, hasty, quick, rapid, speedy, swift
[反] slow 慢的
【考法3】adj. 忠诚的:firm in one's allegiance to someone or something
[例] The two girls soon became fast and inseparable friends. 这两个女孩子很快成为了忠于彼此的形影不离的好伙伴。
[近] constant, dedicated, devoted, devout, loyal, pious
[反] disloyal, perfidious 不忠诚的;treacherous 背叛的
【考法4】adj. 稳固的,难以拆卸的:firmly positioned in place and difficult to dislodge
[例] The rusty, old screws are so fast in the fitting that there's no hope of getting them out. 这颗生锈的老铁钉已经钉得太死了,根本不可能将其取出。
[近] firm, frozen, lodged, secure, stable, staunch, strong, stuck
[反] loose, shaky 松动的;insecure 不稳定的
[派] fasten v. 系紧
symbol: [fæst]
zhuji: 【记】fast绝食要慢慢来，不能fast
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position: (10, 1)

正面: fastidious
definition: 【考法】adj. 挑剔的,极仔细的,追求完美的:possessing or displaying careful, meticulous attention to detail
[例] be fastidious about personal hygiene and appearance 极其注意个人卫生和外表
[近] demanding, exacting, fussy, hypercritical, squeamish
[反] undemanding 不挑剔的;cursory 粗略的,敷衍的;indiscriminate, uncritical 不加区分的
symbol: [fæ'stɪdiəs]
zhuji: 【记】fast绝食，tidious＝tedious（adj 单调乏味的）－因单调乏味而绝食－挑剔的
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position: (10, 1)

正面: fateful
definition: 【考法1】adj. 意义重大的:involving momentous consequences
[例] make a fateful decision to declare war 做出了宣战的重大决定
[近] critical, crucial, important, momentous, significant
[反] inconsequential, insignificant, petty, paltry, trivial, unimportant 不重要的
【考法2】adj. 带来灾难的,毁灭性的:bringing death or disaster
[例] a fateful journey 一趟致命的旅行
[近] calamitous, cataclysmic, catastrophic, deadly, destructive, disastrous, fatal, ruinous
symbol: ['feɪtfl]
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position: (10, 1)

正面: fathom
definition: 【考法1】vt. 测量(深度):to measure the depth of(as a body of water)typically with a weighted line
[例] The pilot had to continually fathom the river, which drought conditions had lowered to unprecedented levels. 舵手不得不时刻注意河水深度,因为干旱已经使水深下降到了前所未有的程度。
[近] plumb
【考法2】vt. 彻底理解,弄懂:to penetrate and come to understand
[例] unable to fathom what he was talking about 无法弄懂他在说什么
[近] apprehend, cognize, comprehend, grasp, know, understand
[反] misunderstand 误解
[派] fathomable adj. 可测量的;可知晓的
symbol: ['fæðəm]
zhuji: 【记】原指伸展的手臂，引申为伸展手臂后的长度＝英寻fat，home：由于太肥了，所以不好意思在外边量体重只好在home里彻底了解一下是几位数。
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position: (10, 1)

正面: fatigue
definition: 【考法1】n. 疲惫:weariness or exhaustion from labor, exertion, or stress
[例] The day-long battle against the blaze left firefighters in a state of utter fatigue. 与大火一整天的斗争使得消防员们处于极度疲惫的状态。
[近] collapse, exhaustion, lassitude, tiredness, weariness
[反] refreshment, rejuvenation, revitalization 恢复活力
【考法2】n.(让人厌倦的)苦差事:something, such as tiring effort or activity, that causes weariness
[例] Although he had joined the army for action and adventure, much of his day seemed to be devoted to mindless fatigues. 尽管当初参军是为了上战场冒险的,但他生活的大部分时间似乎都耗费在了没意思的苦差上。
[近] drudge, drudgery, grind, labor, sweat, toil, travail
[反] fun, play 玩耍;sinecure 美差,闲职
symbol: [fə'ti:g]
zhuji: 【记】fat的人que缺乏锻炼就容易劳累
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position: (10, 2)

正面: fatuous
definition: 【考法】adj. 愚笨的,昏庸的:complacently or inanely foolish
[例] Emperor Yang in the Sui Dynasty is not only a rare fatuous tyrant but also an outstanding poet. 隋炀帝虽是少有的昏暴之君,但在文学上却是一位杰出的诗人。
[近] asinine, brainless, foolish, obtuse, silly, simple, stupid, unwitty, witless
[反] sagacious, sapient 聪明的,睿智的;judicious, prudent, sensible, wise 谨慎的,明智的
symbol: ['fæt∫uəs]
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position: (10, 2)

正面: faultfinder
definition: 【考法】n. 吹毛求疵的人:one who is given to petty criticism and constant complaint
[例] No sooner had we finished decorating the church than the parish faultfinder decided that she didn't like it. 我们一完成教堂的装修工作,教区里挑剔的人就说她不喜欢。
[近] carper, castigator, caviler, censurer, critic, disparager, hypercritic, nitpicker
symbol: [fɔ:lt'faɪndər]
zhuji: 【记】fault（n 错误），find（v 发现），er表示人－喜欢发现错误的人－喜欢挑剔的人
zhuji3000: 【根】 fault [错误] + finder [寻找者] → n. 吹毛求疵的人
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position: (10, 2)

正面: favorable
definition: 【考法1】adj. 赞许的:expressing approval
[例] Favorable reviews for the movie were few. 关于这部电影的正面评价极少。
[近] admiring, applauding, commendatory, complimentary, positive
[反] adverse, disapproving, negative 否定的
【考法2】adj. 有利的:tending to promote or facilitate
[例] mild climate favorable to his health 有利于他健康的温和气候
[近] advantageous, benefic, beneficial, favoring, good, helpful, salutary
[反] unfavorable, disadvantageous, untoward, unpropitious 不利的
symbol: ['feɪvərəbl]
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position: (10, 2)

正面: fawn
definition: 【考法】vi. 阿谀奉承:to seek favor or attention by flattery and obsequious behavior
[例] fawn on one's superior 向上司谄媚
[近] cower, cringe, flatter, grovel, toady, truckle
[反] domineer 统治;专横跋扈
[派] fawning adj. 阿谀奉承的,讨好的
symbol: [fɔ:n]
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position: (10, 2)

正面: faze
definition: 【考法】vt. 打扰,使尴尬:to disturb the composure of: disconcert, dismay
[例] Nothing can faze her. 没有什么可以使她气馁。
[近] abash, annoy, bother, disconcert, dismay, disturb, discomfit, embarrass, fluster, rattle
[反] calm, lull 使平静,使镇定
symbol: [feɪz]
zhuji: 【记】又fa罚又ze责你，使你很狼狈faze象face又不是face，是一个被气的扭曲的face，因为被打扰读：痱子－大冬天的起一身痱子－很狼狈
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position: (10, 2)

正面: feckless
definition: 【考法1】adj. 无成果的,没有价值的:having no real worth or purpose
[例] years of feckless negotiations 长达数年的毫无成果的谈判
[近] bootless, fruitless, futile, meaningless, purposeless, useless, worthless
[反] effective, effectual, efficacious 有成效的
【考法2】adj. 粗心不负责任的:careless and irresponsible
[例] The young man was feckless and irresponsible. 这个年轻人既粗心又没有责任感。
[近] careless, heedless, inadvertent, irresponsible, slipshod, sloppy
[反] careful, cautious, circumspect, discreet, wary 谨慎小心的
symbol: ['fekləs]
zhuji: 【记】feck＝effect（n 影响；效果），less－没有效果－无效的
zhuji3000: 【根】 feck [fect, do] + -less [a. 少的], 做的 (行动) 少 → a. 粗心不负责任的;做 (出) 的effect少 → a. 无成果的,没有价值的
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position: (10, 2)

正面: fecund
definition: 【考法】adj. 多产的,肥沃的:fruitful in offspring or vegetation
[例] fecund black soil 肥沃的黑土地
[近] cornucopian, fertile, fruitful, lush, luxuriant, productive, prolific, rich
[反] barren, infertile, sterile 贫瘠的
[派] fecundity n. 多产,丰饶
symbol: ['fi:kənd]
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position: (10, 2)

正面: feeble
definition: 【考法】adj. 衰弱的:markedly lacking in strength
[例] The heartbeat was feeble and irregular. 心跳虚弱且不规则。
[近] debilitated, effete, enervated, faint, fragile, frail, infirm, languid, sapped
[反] mighty, powerful, robust, stalwart, stout, strong 强壮的,强健的
[派] enfeeble vt. 使衰弱
symbol: ['fi:bl]
zhuji: 【记】小fee象ball一样的滚没了－虚弱
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position: (10, 2)

正面: feign
definition: 【考法】vt. 制造假象,装出…的样子:to give a false appearance of
[例] I would never feign illness just to postpone a test. 我绝不会为了缓考而装病。
[近] affect, assume, counterfeit, dissemble, pretend, profess, sham, simulate
[派] unfeigned adj. 没有伪装的,真诚的
symbol: [feɪn]
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position: (10, 2)

正面: fender
definition: 【考法】n. 缓冲装置:a cushioning device, such as a bundle of rope or a piece of timber, used on the side of a vessel or dock to absorb impact or friction
[例] a fender on the SUV 运动越野车的一个防护板
[近] buffer, bumper, cocoon, cushioning, pad
symbol: ['fendər]
zhuji: 【记】fend（vt 保护；挡开），er－挡泥板
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position: (10, 3)

正面: feral
definition: 【考法1】adj. 野生的:not domesticated or cultivated
[例] Animal experts discourage homeowners from trying to adopt feral animals as pets. 动物专家们不建议户主们将野生动物收养为宠物。
[近] undomesticated, untamed, wild
[反] cultivated 人工培养的;domestic, tame 家养的,被驯化的
【考法2】adj. 动物性的:having or showing the nature and appetites of a lower animal
[例] The movie reveals just how thin the veneer of civilization is and how feral we are at bottom. 这部电影展示了所谓文明只不过是薄薄的一层纱,而内心深处我们仍然是野兽。
[近] animalistic, beastly, brutal
[反] rational 理性的
symbol: ['ferəl]
zhuji: 【记】feral的人令人fearfer＝fur皮毛，al＝all：全身都是毛－凶猛的
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position: (10, 3)

正面: fertilize
definition: 【考法】vt. 使肥沃,使多产:to make fertile
[例] Reading will fertilize vocabulary. 阅读丰富词汇。
[近] enrich, manure
[反] deplete, drain, exhaust 消耗,耗尽
[派] fertilizer n. 化肥
symbol: ['fɜ:rtəlaɪz]
zhuji: 【记】fer带来－带来好土壤－施肥
zhuji3000: 【记】 fertil (e) [fertile, 肥沃的;能生育的] + -ize [v.], make fertile → vt. 使肥沃,使多产
[注] fertile [a. 肥沃的;能生育的] 字面含义“easy [-ile] to bring [fer (t) ] (off-springs)”
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position: (10, 3)

正面: fervid
definition: 【考法1】adj. 酷热的:having a notably high temperature
[例] Set out when the fervid heat subsides. 当酷热消散之后出发。
[近] boiling, hot, scorching, searing, sultry, sweltering, torrid
[反] arctic, chilling, cold, freezing, frigid, frozen, glacial, icy 冰冷的,寒冷的
【考法2】adj. 热情的:marked by great passion or zeal
[例] a fervid patriot 热情洋溢的爱国者
[近] ardent, fervent, impassioned, passionate, perfervid
[反] cold, cool, dispassionate, emotionless, impassive, unemotional 淡定的,不为所动的
symbol: ['fɜ:rvɪd]
zhuji: 【记】ferv热
zhuji3000: 【根】 ferv [hot] + -id [a.], hot → (天气) a. 酷热的;(人的态度) a. 热情的
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position: (10, 3)

正面: fervor
definition: 【考法】n. 热情,狂热:great warmth and intensity of emotion
[例] A blind patriotic fervor is called chauvinism. 盲目的爱国热情就被称为沙文主义。
[近] ardor, enthusiasm, passion, zeal, zealotry
[反] apathy, indifference, impassiveness, unconcern 冷漠
symbol: ['fɜ:rvər]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ferv [hot] + -or [n.] → n. 热情,狂热
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position: (10, 3)

正面: fester
definition: 【考法】v. 感染,溃烂,腐烂:to infect, inflame, or corrupt
[例] A dirty wound will probably fester. 伤口弄脏了有可能会感染化脓。
[近] corrupt, decompose, putrefy, rot, spoil
[反] heal, cure 愈合
[派] festering adj. 更加恶化的
[例] festering dispute over sth 关于某事的争论更加恶化
symbol: ['festər]
zhuji: 【记】fester是非常faster的
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position: (10, 3)

正面: fetid
definition: 【考法】adj. 恶臭的:having a heavy offensive smell
[例] Ammonia has a fetid odor that sickened the people. 氨气有着令人作呕的气味。
[近] foul, fusty, malodorous, noisome, reeking, smelly, stinky
[反] ambrosial, aromatic, balmy, fragrant, redolent, scented 芳香的
symbol: ['fetɪd]
zhuji: 【记】fet＝feet脚，id读：一滴－从脚上流出一滴恶臭的水！
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position: (10, 3)

正面: fetter
definition: 【考法1】n. 枷锁,限制:something that limits one's freedom of action or choice
[例] a fetter that prevents us from trying something new 阻碍我们尝试新事物的枷锁
[近] circumscription, constraint, curb, limitation, restraint, stricture
【考法2】vt. 束缚:to restrain from motion, action, or progress
[例] be fettered by family responsibilities 被家庭责任所束缚
[近] chain, clog, enfetter, hamper, manacle, restrain, shackle, trammel
[反] enfranchise, free, liberate, unbind, unfetter, unshackle 解放;facilitate 促进
[派] enfetter vt. 束缚
symbol: ['fetər]
zhuji: 【记】fet＝feet脚，ter：脚镣
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position: (10, 3)

正面: fiasco
definition: 【考法】n. 大失败:a complete failure
[例] The Hitler's plot ended in a fiasco. 希特勒的阴谋最终以彻底失败告终。
[近] catastrophe, debacle, disaster, failure
[反] blockbuster, éclat, success 成功
symbol: [fi'æskoʊ]
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position: (10, 3)

正面: fickle
definition: 【考法1】adj. 易变的:likely to change frequently, suddenly, or unexpectedly
[例] a fickle lover 感情善变的情人
[近] capricious, fluid, mercurial, mutable, temperamental, volatile
[反] constant, immutable, invariable, stable, steady 稳定的,不变的
【考法2】adj. 不忠诚的:not true in one's allegiance to someone or something
[例] When the family's fortune disappeared, so did their fickle friends. 当这个家庭的财富消逝殆尽时,他们的那些虚伪的朋友也无影无踪了。
[近] disloyal, perfidious, recreant, traitorous, treacherous, unfaithful
[反] faithful, loyal 忠诚的
symbol: ['fɪkl]
zhuji: 【记】读：飞扣！刚刚得到爱情的滋润有一种飞的感觉，就被“扣”下去了，只因为说了一句：泄停疯长得太次了！如果你们总是互相tickle（vt 胳肢；使发痒），感情就不会fickle！
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position: (10, 3)

正面: fictitious
definition: 【考法】adj. 虚构的:not real and existing only in the imagination
[例] His wartime exploits turned out to be entirely fictitious, as he had never even been in the military. 他(吹嘘的)战时英勇行为是彻底虚构的,因为他根本就没有参过军。
[近] chimerical, fabricated, fabulous, fictional, imagined, invented
[反] actual, existing, real 事实的
symbol: [fɪk'tɪ∫əs]
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position: (10, 4)

正面: fidelity
definition: 【考法】n. 忠诚:the quality or state of being faithful
[例] They have never wavered in their fidelity to the cause of liberation. 他们从不动摇对于解放事业的忠诚。
[近] adherence, allegiance, commitment, devotion, faith, loyalty, piety
[反] disloyalty, infidelity, perfidy 不忠;treachery 背叛
[派] infidel n. 异教徒
symbol: [fɪ'deləti]
zhuji: 【记】fid相信－因为相信李洪志是“神”，才会“忠诚”
zhuji3000: 【根】 fid [trust] + el + -ity [n.], 值得信赖 → n. 忠诚
【联】 faith [信仰,相信] 的形容词形式faithful [忠诚的]
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position: (10, 4)

正面: figurative
definition: 【考法】adj. 比喻的:expressing one thing in terms normally denoting another with which it may be regarded as analogous
[例] The word here is used in its figurative sense. 这个词在这里取它的比喻义。
[近] extended, metaphorical
[反] literal 字面上的,逐字逐句的
symbol: ['fɪgərətɪv]
zhuji: 【记】figure（n 外形；轮廓；数字vt 描绘；象征），ative－象征性的－比喻的－比喻用得多－文风华丽的
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position: (10, 4)

正面: figurine
definition: 【考法】n. 小雕塑:a small statue
[例] His collection of figurines includes toy soldiers from every war that America has fought. 他收藏的小雕塑包括了美国参与过的所有战争中的士兵模型。
[近] figure, statuette
[反] colossus 巨像
symbol: [ˌfɪgjə'ri:n]
zhuji: 【记】figure（n 外形；体形vt 塑造），ine小－小体形－小雕像
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position: (10, 4)

正面: filibuster
definition: 【考法】n./v. 拖延议事:the use of obstructionist tactics, especially prolonged speechmaking, for the purpose of delaying legislative action
[例] The Senator used a filibuster to stop the bill. 参议员拖延了草案的实施。
[近] delay, hindrance, impediment, obstruction, postponement, procrastination
symbol: ['fɪlɪbʌstər]
zhuji: 【记】fili读：非礼，bus汽车，ter表示人：非礼汽车司机－如果某些大男子主义考生想阻碍“男女平等”这个议事通过，就可以混上人民代表的大巴，非礼汽车司机，让提议的人不能准时与会，效果与“作冗长的演说以妨碍议事”一样。Buster（n 破坏者）－防碍议事通过
zhuji3000: 【联】 读音联想“费力扒死它” → v. 拖延议事
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position: (10, 4)

正面: filter
definition: 【考法1】v. 过滤:to pass through a filter
[例] Steep the tea and then filter it to get rid of the leaves. 浸泡茶叶,再将其过滤以去除废渣。
[近] screen
【考法2】v. 去除杂质:to remove(usually visible)impurities from
[例] After frying the chicken, we filtered the oil and kept it in the refrigerator to use again. 在炸完鸡肉之后,我们将滤去了杂质的油保存起来以供日后使用。
[近] clear, distill, purify
[反] adulterate 掺杂;contaminate 污染
symbol: ['fɪltər]
zhuji: 【记】fil丝，ter表示东西－用丝编织的东西－过滤器
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position: (10, 4)

正面: finale
definition: 【考法】n. 终场,结局:the closing part, scene, or number in a public performance
[例] Didier Drogba pulled one back for Chelsea in a finale. 德罗巴在终场结束时为切尔西扳回一球。
[近] close, coda, conclusion, end
[反] prologue 开场白;overture 序曲
symbol: [fɪ'næli]
zhuji: 【记】final（adj 最后的）
zhuji3000: 【根】 fin [end] + -ale [n.], ending → n. 终场,结局
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position: (10, 4)

正面: finesse
definition: 【考法1】n. 娴熟技巧:mental skill or quickness
[例] The musician shows wonderful finesse. 那位音乐家展现出了非凡的技艺。
[近] adeptness, adroitness, cleverness, dexterity, proficiency
[反] awkwardness, ineptitude, gaucherie, ungainliness 笨拙
【考法2】v. 精心策划:to plan out usually with subtle skill or care
[例] finesse the schedule 精心安排日程
[近] contrive, frame, machinate, maneuver, manipulate
【考法3】v.(巧妙地)躲避:to get or keep away from(as a responsibility)through cleverness or trickery
[例] He tried to finesse the blame for the foreign policy fiasco, even though he was Secretary of State at the time. 他竭尽所能躲避因失败的对外政策而可能遭到的指责,尽管他时任国务卿。
[近] avoid, dodge, eschew, evade, shun
[反] confront 直面
symbol: [fɪ'nes]
zhuji: 【记】fine（adj 美好的；优良的；杰出的；精美的）
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position: (10, 4)

正面: finicky
definition: 【考法】adj. 过分讲究的,挑剔的:extremely or excessively particular, exacting, or meticulous in taste or standards
[例] have a reputation for being finicky eater 有着挑食的名声
[近] demanding, exacting, fastidious, fussy, nice, particular
[反] undemanding, unfussy 不挑剔的
symbol: ['fɪnɪki]
zhuji: 【记】finical（adj 过分注意的，讲究，周到的）fine（adj 精细的），ical－挑选精细的－挑剔的
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position: (10, 4)

正面: flaccid
definition: 【考法】adj. 不结实的,松弛的:not firm or stiff; lacking normal or youthful firmness
[例] flaccid muscles 松弛的肌肉
[近] droopy, floppy, lank, loose, slack, yielding
[反] stiff, sturdy 结实的,坚硬的;resilient 有弹性的
symbol: ['flæsɪd]
zhuji: 【记】flac＝flab松弛
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position: (10, 4)

正面: flag
definition: 【考法1】n. 旗帜,象征:a piece of fabric that is used as a symbol(as of a nation)or as a signaling device
[例] We respect the flag of our fathers. 我们尊敬父辈们的旗帜。
[近] banner, ensign, pendant, pennant
【考法2】vi. 变得衰弱:to become unsteady, feeble, or spiritless
[例] We flagged as we neared the end of the long mountain trail. 当我们终于快到达漫长山路的终点时,已经筋疲力尽了。
[近] decay, decline, deteriorate, emaciate, fade, fail, languish, sag, waste, wilt, wither
[反] thrive 繁荣;revitalize, revive 恢复活力
[派] unflagging adj. 坚持不懈的
symbol: [flæg]
zhuji: 【记】在没风的时候flag就flag
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position: (10, 5)

正面: flamboyant
definition: 【考法】adj. 艳丽夺目的,炫耀的,充满装饰的:marked by or given to strikingly elaborate or colorful display or behavior; ornate
[例] Las Vegas showgirls wearing flamboyant headdresses 打扮花哨的拉斯维加斯舞女
[近] flaring, florid, garish, ornate, ostentatious, showy
[反] natural 自然的;conservative, quiet, understated 低调的
[派] flamboyance n. 炫目,炫耀
symbol: [flæm'bɔɪənt]
zhuji: 【记】flam＝flame（n 火焰）－火焰一般的－灿烂辉煌的flame一般的boy对着ant（n 蚂蚁）炫耀
zhuji3000: 【联】 flame [火焰] , 像火焰一样炫目 → a. 艳丽夺目的,炫耀的,充满装饰的
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position: (10, 5)

正面: flatter
definition: 【考法1】vt. 拍马屁,奉承,讨好:to praise excessively especially from motives of self-interest
[例] Friends who flatter you to your face are not true friends. 当面拍你马屁的朋友都不是真正的朋友。
[近] adulate, blandish, compliment, court, massage, overpraise, stroke, wheedle
[反] abuse 辱骂;censure, criticize 批评
【考法2】vt. 自我感觉良好:to think highly of(oneself)
[例] Don't flatter yourself that no one has ever thought of that idea before.不要自欺欺人地认为别人没有想到过那个想法。
[近] pique, plume
【考法3】vt. 使显得更漂亮:to show off becomingly or advantageously
[例] Orange flatters those with golden skin tones. 橙色让黄肤色的人显得更漂亮。
[近] become, enhance, suit
[反] mar, spoil 破坏
[派] flattering adj. 令人满足的,令人迷恋的
symbol: ['flætər]
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position: (10, 5)

正面: flaw
definition: 【考法1】n. 瑕疵,缺点:an imperfection, often concealed, that impairs soundness
[例] The absence of flaw in beauty is itself a flaw. 完美无瑕本身就是瑕疵。
[近] blight, blotch, defect, fault, imperfection, mar, scar, spot
【考法2】v. 降低,破坏,使不完美:to reduce the soundness, effectiveness, or perfection of
[例] That crack has flawed the vase to the extent that its value in the antiques market is greatly reduced. 那道裂缝让这个花瓶在古董市场上大大地掉价。
[近] blemish, break, compromise, cripple, harm, hurt, impair, injure, spoil, vitiate
[反] fix, mend, repair, revamp 修复,改造
[派] flawed adj. 有瑕疵的;flawless adj. 完美无瑕的;flawlessness n. 完美
symbol: [flɔ:]
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position: (10, 5)

正面: fledgling
definition: 【考法】n. 新手:a person who is just starting out in a field of activity
[例] At hockey he's still a fledgling and needs to work on his basic skating skills. 在冰球场上他还是一个菜鸟,还需要在基本的滑冰技术上加强练习。
[近] apprentice, beginner, freshman, neophyte, novice, tyro, recruit, rookie
[反] veteran 老兵,身经百战的人
[派] fledge v.(鸟类)长羽毛
symbol: ['fleʤlɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】fledge（vi 长羽毛；长翅）fly，edge边：只能在窝边飞－刚长羽毛。反义词：molt（n /v 脱毛）读：摸头－总是摸头（比如：齐达内）就会脱毛！
zhuji3000: 【记】 fledge [v. 长羽毛] + -ling [n., 小…], 长羽毛的小鸟,羽翼未丰 → n. 新生
[注] fledge [长羽毛] 可以联想成“飞行 [fl (y) ] 的边沿 [edge]”,长羽毛意味着“快要可以飞行”
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position: (10, 5)

正面: fleet
definition: 【考法1】n. 舰队,车队:a group of vehicles traveling together or under one management
[例] fleet of the Royal Navy 皇家海军的舰队
[近] armada, caravan, cavalcade, motorcade
【考法2】adj. 迅速的:moving, proceeding, or acting with great speed
[例] He was fleet as a deer. 他如小鹿般敏捷。
[近] brisk, expeditious, fast, hasty, nimble, quick, rapid, rattling, speedy, swift
[反] slow 缓慢的
【考法3】vi. 快速通过:to move or pass swiftly
[近] dart, flit, hurry, hustle
[反] plod 沉重而缓慢地走
[派] fleeting adj. 稍纵即逝的
symbol: [fli:t]
zhuji3000: 【参】 flit [v. 快速或突然地经过] → n. 舰队,车队 a. 迅速的 v. 快速涌过
【派】 fleeting [a. 稍纵即逝的, 短暂的]
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position: (10, 5)

正面: flexible
definition: 【考法1】adj. 灵活的,可变的:capable of being readily changed
[例] Our schedules are highly flexible. 我们的计划是非常灵活的。
[近] adaptable, adjustable, alterable, changeable, elastic, fluid, malleable, modifiable, pliable, variable
[反] fixed, immutable, inflexible, invariable 确定的,不可变的;stiff, rigid 僵化的
[派] flexibility n. 灵活性
【考法2】adj. 易受影响的:susceptible to influence or persuasion
[例] Their boss was flexible and lenient. 他们的老板既好说话,又很仁慈。
[近] docile, manageable, tractable
[反] adamant, headstrong, intractable, mulish, recalcitrant, refractory, stubborn, obstinate 倔强的
symbol: ['fleksəbl]
zhuji: 【记】flex＝flect弯
zhuji3000: 【根】 flex [flect, bend] + -ible [a., able], able to bend, (褒义) → a. 灵活的,可变的;easy to bend, (贬义) → a. 易受影响的
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position: (10, 5)

正面: flinch
definition: 【考法】vi. 畏缩;退缩:to draw back in fear, pain, or disgust
[例] He met my gaze without flinching. 他毫不畏缩地与我对视。
[近] cringe, quail, recoil, shrink, wince
[反] face, meet 面对;confront 直面
symbol: [flɪnt∫]
zhuji: 【记】fl＝fly，inch（n 英寸）－一寸寸向后飞－退缩
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position: (10, 5)

正面: flippancy
definition: 【考法】n. 轻率,无礼:unbecoming levity or pertness especially in respect to grave or sacred matters
[例] The flippancy of your answer annoyed me. 你轻率的回答让我很恼火。
[近] facetiousness, flightiness, frivolousness, frothiness, levity, silliness
[反] earnestness, gravity, seriousness, soberness, solemnity, solemnness 严肃,认真
symbol: ['flɪpənsi]
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position: (10, 5)

正面: flirt
definition: 【考法1】vi. 调情:to behave amorously without serious intent
[例] The waitress at that restaurant flirts with all single male customers. 这家餐厅的女服务员对所有的男性单身顾客都暗送秋波。
[近] coquet, dally, frivol, toy, trifle
【考法2】vi. 无规则地快速运动:to make an irregular series of quick, sudden movements
[例] The beautiful lady lazily watched the butterflies flirting among the wildflowers. 这名美丽的女子慵懒地看着蝴蝶在野花丛中乱舞。
[近] dance, dart, fleet, flick, flit, flutter, hurry, rush, zip
symbol: [flɜ:rt]
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position: (10, 5)

正面: flit
definition: 【考法】vi. 快速或突然地经过:to pass quickly or abruptly from one place or condition to another
[例] Memories of the evening flitted through her mind. 关于那一晚的记忆在她脑海中一掠而过。
[近] dance, dart, fleet, flick, flirt, flutter, hurry, rush, zip
[反] plod 沉重缓慢地走
symbol: [flɪt]
zhuji: 【记】fly it：飞过它这块大石头－轻快地走；掠过
zhuji3000: 【联】 fly + it, (它) 飞 → v. 快速或突然地经过
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position: (10, 6)

正面: flock
definition: 【考法1】n. 人群,兽群:a great number of persons or creatures massed together
[例] a flock of ill-disposed reporters at the press conference 新闻发布会上一群不怀好意的记者
[近] army, drove, herd, legion
【考法2】vi. 聚集,集体行动:to congregate or travel in a flock or crowd
[例] Vacationers flocked to the towns along the shore in order to escape the August heat. 度假的人们一起涌向海岸,以躲避八月里的热浪。
[近] mob, swarm, throng
symbol: [flɑ:k]
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position: (10, 6)

正面: florid
definition: 【考法1】adj. 辞藻华丽的,花哨的:full of fine words and fancy expressions
[例] gave a florid speech to attract attention 做了个辞藻华丽的演说以吸引眼球
[近] bombastic, flowery, grandiloquent, magniloquent, rhetorical
【考法2】adj. 装饰华丽的:elaborately and often excessively decorated
[例] a florid architectural style 华丽的建筑风格
[近] baroque, bedizened, flamboyant, fussy, luscious, ornate
[反] austere, plain, severe, stark, unadorned 朴素的,简单的
symbol: ['flɔ:rɪd]
zhuji: 【记】flor（花），id－像花一样的－华丽的
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position: (10, 6)

正面: flounder
definition: 【考法】vi. 笨拙地行动,挣扎:to proceed or act clumsily or ineffectually
[例] flounder through the desert 步履蹒跚地穿越沙漠
[近] blunder, fumble, lumber, plod, struggle, trudge
[反] glide, slide 滑行;breeze, waltz 轻松地行动
symbol: ['flaʊndər]
zhuji: 【记】flo＝flow，under：在水下面没有氧气瓶－挣扎
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position: (10, 6)

正面: flourish
definition: 【考法1】vi. 茂盛;繁荣:to grow luxuriantly; to achieve success
[例] The program will flourish once it receives adequate funding. 这个项目只要有足够的资金就能大获成功。
[近] bloom, burgeon, prosper, thrive
[反] languish, wane 变得衰弱,衰败;fail 失败
【考法2】n. 装饰:an embellishment or ornamentation
[例] a bedroom with cute little flourishes 一间带有可爱小装饰的卧室‖Her writing style is simple and clear, without unnecessary flourishes. 她的文风很简单清新,没有那些不必要的修饰。
[近] adornment, decoration, embellishment, ornamentation
symbol: ['flɜ:rɪ∫]
zhuji: 【记】源于flower－花一样的开放－繁荣
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position: (10, 6)

正面: flout
definition: 【考法】n./v. 嘲弄性不理会,蔑视:to treat with contemptuous disregard
[例] flout the academic norm by plagiarizing 通过抄袭来蔑视学术规范
[近] despise, disregard, gibe, sneer, taunt
[反] respect, revere, venerate 尊敬
symbol: [flaʊt]
zhuji: 【记】fl＝fly，out出去－飞出去－不再服从命令－藐视
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position: (10, 6)

正面: fluctuate
definition: 【考法】vi. 波动,无规则地变动:to shift back and forth uncertainly
[例] Stock prices fluctuate wildly. 股票价格大幅波动。‖Samples of ice cores collected from Antarctica suggested that the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide has been fluctuating periodically. 南极冰芯样本表明,大气中的二氧化碳浓度存在周期性的涨落。
[近] mutate, shift, swing, oscillate, vacillate, vary, waver
[反] stabilize 保持稳定;plateau 到达稳定状态
[派] fluctuation n. 涨落,波动
symbol: ['flʌkt∫ueɪt]
zhuji: 【记】flu流动－波动变化
zhuji3000: 【根】 fluct [flow] + u + -ate [v.], flow, (水的) 流动 → vi.波动,无规则地变动
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position: (10, 6)

正面: fluent
definition: 【考法1】adj. 表达流利的:able to express oneself clearly and well
[例] a very fluent speaker who always communicates his points well 一个总能明确指出要点的流利演说家
[近] eloquent, silver-tongued, well-spoken
[反] inarticulate, ineloquent, unvocal 说话不清楚的
[派] fluency n. 流畅,流利
【考法2】adj. 不费力的:involving minimal difficulty or effort
[例] a fluent performance of one of the oldest magic tricks in the book 一场毫不费力的魔术,表演的是书本上最老的魔术之一
[近] effortless, facile, fluid, painless, ready, simple, smooth
[反] arduous, demanding, exacting, formidable, grueling, hard, laborious, murderous, rough, toilsome, tough 费劲的,艰苦的
symbol: ['flu:ənt]
zhuji: 【记】flu＝flow流
zhuji3000: 【根】 flu [flow] + -ent [a.], of flow, (说话) 如流水般 → a. 表达流利的;(做某件事) 如行云流水般 → a. 不费力的
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position: (10, 6)

正面: fluky
definition: 【考法1】adj. 侥幸的:coming or happening by good luck especially unexpectedly
[例] a fluky coincidence that kept me safely at home when the blizzard hit 一个侥幸的巧合让我在暴风雪来袭时安全地待在家里
[近] fortuitous, lucky, providential
[反] hapless, unfortunate, unlucky, ill-fated 不幸的
【考法2】adj. 偶然的:happening by or depending on chance
[近] casual, chance, inadvertent, incidental, unintended, unintentional
[反] calculated, deliberate, intended, intentional, planned, premeditated 蓄意的,有预谋的
[派] fluke n. 侥幸;偶然
symbol: ['flu:ki]
zhuji3000: 【联】 f [fly] + luky [lucky], 飞来的幸运、运气 → a. 侥幸的;偶然的
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position: (10, 6)

正面: flush
definition: 【考法1】adj.(肤色)健康红润的:having a healthy reddish skin tone
[近] blooming, florid, glowing, red, rosy, rubicund, sanguine
[反] ashen, doughy, livid, pale, pallid, wan 苍白的,病态的
【考法2】adj. 富有的:having goods, property, or money in abundance
[例] She's very flush now that she has her inheritance. 自从继承了那份遗产,她变得十分富有。
[近] affluent, loaded, opulent, wealthy
[反] destitute, impoverished, indigent, needy, impecunious 贫穷的
【考法3】adj. 大量的:marked by abundance
[例] a field flush with flowers 长满了鲜花的原野
[近] abounding, abundant, awash, fraught, lousy, replete, swarming, teeming, thronging
[反] inadequate, insufficient, scant, scarce, short 匮乏的,不足的
【考法4】vi. 冲洗:to pour liquid over or through in order to cleanse
[例] flush a wound with iodine 用碘酒冲洗伤口
[近] irrigate, rinse, sluice, wash
symbol: [flʌ∫]
zhuji: 【记】flu冲，sh：自己想！
zhuji3000: 【根】 来自词根flu, (水) 流 → vi. 冲洗;(像水一样源源不断地) 流动 → a. 大量的;引申 → a. 富有的;(血液的) 流动 → a. (肤色) 健康红润的
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position: (10, 6)

正面: fluster
definition: 【考法】vt. 使慌乱:to put into a state of agitated confusion
[例] A GPA of 1.0 flusters him. 1.0的绩点让他很慌乱。
[近] abash, confound, confuse, discomfit, disconcert, discountenance, faze, mortify, nonplus, rattle
[反] calm, quiet, settle, soothe, tranquilize 安抚,使情绪稳定
symbol: ['flʌstər]
zhuji: 【记】源于：flush（v 脸红）是由慌乱引起的"
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position: (10, 7)

正面: foible
definition: 【考法】n. 小缺点:a minor flaw or shortcoming in character or behavior
[例] They admired their teacher despite his foibles. 尽管他们的老师有些小缺点,但他们还是很敬佩他。
[近] demerit, dereliction, failing, fault, frailty, shortcoming, sin, vice, want, weakness
[反] merit, virtue 优点,美德
symbol: ['fɔɪbl]
zhuji: 【记】foible是你身上的feeble（adj 虚弱的；薄弱的）之处
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position: (10, 7)

正面: foil
definition: 【考法】vt. 挫败:to prevent from being successful; defeat
[例] foil her enemy by pulling some strings 通过一些关系和手段挫败了她的对手
[近] baffle, balk, beat, checkmate, discomfit, frustrate, thwart
[反] forward, foster, further, promote 帮助,促进
symbol: [fɔɪl]
zhuji: 【记】foil＝fail（v 失败）－阻挠
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position: (10, 7)

正面: foment
definition: 【考法】vt. 助长,煽动:to promote the growth or development of
[例] He was accused of fomenting violence. 他被指控煽动暴力行为。
[近] abet, brew, ferment, incite, instigate, provoke, raise, stir
[反] quash, quell, quench, squash 平息,镇压
symbol: [foʊ'ment]
zhuji: 【记】ferment（v 使发酵，激动，动乱）
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position: (10, 7)

正面: foolproof
definition: 【考法】adj. 十分简单以至于不会失败的:so simple, plain, or reliable as to leave no opportunity for error, misuse, or failure
[例] Anything foolproof is impossible and what truly counts is probability. 没有万无一失的事情,真正的问题在于概率。
[近] guaranteed, infallible, safe, unfailing, fail-safe
[反] fallible 容易出错的
symbol: ['fu:lpru:f]
zhuji: 【记】fool，proof（n 证据adj 防…的vt 检验）－防傻瓜的
zhuji3000: 【根】 fool [笨蛋] + proof [防止], 防止笨蛋失败 → a. 十分简单以至于不会失败的
[注] proof放在名词后面表示“防止”,例如waterproof [防水的]
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position: (10, 7)

正面: footloose
definition: 【考法】adj. 无拘无束的,自由的:having no attachments or ties; free to do as one pleases
[例] After having been chained for so long, the suddenly footloose dog ran about the yard tirelessly. 这只长期被锁链束缚的小狗因为突然之间获得了自由,在院子里不知疲倦地奔跑。
[近] loose, unbound, unconfined, unfettered, unrestrained, untrammeled
[反] bound, confined, restrained, tied 有束缚的
symbol: ['fʊtlu:s]
zhuji: 【记】foot，loose（adj 宽松的；散漫自由的）
zhuji3000: 【根】 foot [脚] + loose [松的], 松开的、未被束缚的脚 → a. 无拘无束的,自由的
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position: (10, 7)

正面: forbearance
definition: 【考法1】n. 克制;忍耐:tolerance and restraint in the face of provocation; patience
[例] reach the end of my forbearance 到了让我忍无可忍的地步
[近] patience, temperance, tolerance, toleration
[反] impatience 不耐烦
【考法2】n. 友好仁慈的态度:kind, gentle, or compassionate treatment especially towards someone who is undeserving of it
[例] The judge showed forbearance, and gave the teenaged first offender a suspended sentence. 法官网开一面,给了初犯的少年犯一个缓刑。
[近] charity, clemency, leniency, mercifulness, quarter
[反] vindictiveness 恶意
symbol: [fɔ:r'berəns]
zhuji: 【记】forbear（v 忍耐；克制n 祖先）；bear（n 熊v 忍受）；forbore（forbear的过去式）
zhuji3000: 【根】 for- [对着] + bear [bear, v. 承受] + -ance [n.], 承受 → n. 克制,忍耐;友好仁慈的态度
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position: (10, 7)

正面: forebear
definition: 【考法】n. 祖先:a person from whom one is descended; an ancestor
[例] The son of Abraham was traditionally considered to be the forebear of the Arabs. 亚伯拉罕之子传统上被认为是阿拉伯人的祖先。
[近] ancestor, antecedent, ascendant, father, grandfather, primogenitor, progenitor
[反] descendant, offspring 后代
symbol: ['fɔ:rber]
zhuji: 【记】fore（adj 以前的adv 在前面n 前部prep 在前）bear（n 熊v 忍受）－从前的熊－祖先
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position: (10, 7)

正面: forestall
definition: 【考法】vt. 预先阻止:to delay, hinder, or prevent by taking precautionary measures beforehand
[例] You can often forestall skidding on the ice simply by driving more slowly. 通常你只需慢点开车就可以防止车辆在冰面上失控打滑。
[近] avert, deter, obviate, preclude, prevent
[反] abet, assist, facilitate, further, precipitate, promote 帮助,促进
symbol: [fɔ:r'stɔ:l]
zhuji: 【记】fore前，stall（n 货摊v 使停止；迟延）－预先阻止
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position: (10, 7)

正面: foreword
definition: 【考法】n. 前言:a preface or an introductory note, as for a book, especially by a person other than the author
[例] The foreword of this book is co-written by Jason and Franklin. 这本书的序由Jason和Franklin共同写成。
[近] beginning, introduction, overture, preamble, preface, prelude, prologue
[反] epilogue, coda 尾声;finale 终场
symbol: ['fɔ:rwɜ:rd]
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position: (10, 7)

正面: forge
definition: 【考法1】v. 伪造:to make or imitate falsely especially with intent to defraud
[例] The boy forged his father's signature on his transcript. 小男孩在他的成绩单上伪造了父亲的签名。
[近] coin, counterfeit, fabricate, fake
【考法2】v. 锻造,铸就:to form(as metal)by or as if by heating and hammering
[例] a real man forged by adversity 一个经磨难考验而成的纯爷们‖They agreed to forge closer economic and political ties. 他们就打造双边的紧密政治经济联系达成了共识。
[近] build, construct, form, make, manufacture, mold, shape
[派] forger n. 打铁匠
symbol: [fɔ:rʤ]
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position: (10, 8)

正面: formidable
definition: 【考法1】adj. 令人害怕的:causing fear, dread, or apprehension
[例] a nation that possesses formidable nuclear deterrence 一个拥有可怕核威慑力量的国家
[近] direful, dreadful, fearsome, forbidding, ghastly, horrible, intimidating, redoubtable, terrifying
[反] comforting 给人安慰的
【考法2】adj. 艰难的:requiring considerable physical or mental effort
[例] Running a marathon is a formidable undertaking. 跑马拉松是个困难的任务。‖They have recently made a formidable decision. 他们最近做出了一个艰难的决定。
[近] arduous, challenging, demanding, exacting, grueling, heavy, laborious, sweaty, toilsome, tough, strenuous
[反] easy, effortless, facile, mindless, simple 轻松的,简单的
symbol: ['fɔ:rmɪdəbl]
zhuji: 【记】form（v 形成），id＝ID（ID card：身份证）－做假证是一件困难的事情，而且是可怕的，因为一旦被发现，这辈子你都别想去美国了。
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position: (10, 8)

正面: forthright
definition: 【考法1】adj. 直率的,说话率真的:free in expressing one's true feelings and opinions
[例] her forthright way of dealing with people 她率真的为人处事方式
[近] candid, forthcoming, frank, honest, open, outspoken, straightforward
[反] dissembling 虚伪的
【考法2】adj. 直接的,不绕弯子的:free from ambiguity or evasiveness: going straight to the point
[例] He was forthright in appraising the problem. 他直截了当地评价这个问题。
[近] direct, plain, straight
[反] circuitous, indirect, roundabout 不直接的,绕弯子的
symbol: ['fɔ:rθraɪt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 forth + right, right forth → a. 直率的,说话率真的;直接的,不绕弯子的
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position: (10, 8)

正面: fortify
definition: 【考法1】vt. 加固,鼓励:to give physical strength, courage, or endurance to
[例] This country will fortify the coastal areas. 这个国家将加强沿海地区的防御。
[近] energize, harden, invigorate, reinforce, strengthen, toughen
[反] debilitate, enervate, enfeeble, vitiate, weaken 使衰弱,削弱
【考法2】vt. 做好心理准备:to prepare(oneself)mentally or emotionally
[例] She fortified herself for the incoming tennis tournament with a series of confidence-boosting exercises. 她通过一系列练习赛来建立自信,为即将到来的网球锦标赛做好心理准备。
[近] brace, forearm, gird, nerve, poise, ready, steel
symbol: ['fɔ:rtɪfaɪ]
zhuji: 【记】fort（n 堡垒）
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position: (10, 8)

正面: foster
definition: 【考法1】vt. 促进,鼓励,培养:to help the growth or development of
[例] detect and foster artistic talent 发现并培养艺术天分
[近] advance, encourage, forward, further, incubate, promote
[反] discourage, frustrate, inhibit 阻碍,妨碍
【考法2】vt. 养育:to bring to maturity through care and education
[例] a greathearted couple fostering two adopted children as well as their own 对两个抱养的孩子像自己亲生的孩子一样培养的好心夫妇
[近] breed, cultivate, nourish, nurse, nurture, raise, rear
symbol: ['fɔ:stər]
zhuji: 【记】经过foster的人跑得faster
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position: (10, 8)

正面: founder
definition: 【考法1】n. 建立者:one that founds or establishes
[例] founders of the nation 国父们
[近] architect, author, creator, father, generator, initiator, originator, sire
[反] terminator 终结者
【考法2】vi. 完败:to fail utterly
[例] The theater company foundered after its corporate funding dried up. 在其基金告罄之后,这个戏剧公司彻底失败了。
[近] collapse, flunk, miss, strike out, wash out
[反] succeed, work out 成功
【考法3】vi. 沉没:to become submerged
[例] The ship struck a reef and foundered. 船因触礁而沉没。
[近] sink, submerge, submerse, go down
[反] float 漂浮
symbol: ['faʊndər]
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position: (10, 8)

正面: fracas
definition: 【考法】n. 争吵,吵闹:a physical dispute between opposing individuals or groups; a rough and often noisy fight usually involving several people
[例] The police were called in to break up the fracas. 警察奉命去制止骚乱。
[近] battle, clash, combat, conflict, contest, hassle, skirmish, struggle, tussle
symbol: ['freɪkəs]
zhuji: 【记】读：free咳嗽－一万人随便咳嗽－喧嚷
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position: (10, 8)

正面: fracture
definition: 【考法1】n. 破裂:the act or process of breaking
[例] a sudden fracture of the established order 已建立起的秩序被突然打破
[近] breach, break, rupture, schism, split
[反] unity 统一
【考法2】vt. 打碎,破坏:to cause to separate into pieces usually suddenly or forcibly
[例] Their happiness was fractured by an unforeseen tragedy. 他们的幸福生活被突如其来的悲剧打破了。
[近] disrupt, fragment, rive
[反] cement 接合
symbol: ['frækt∫ər]
zhuji3000: 【根】 fract [break] + -ure [n.], break → n. 破裂vt. 打碎,破坏
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position: (10, 8)

正面: fragile
definition: 【考法1】adj. 易碎的:easily broken or destroyed
[例] a fragile piece of glass 一块易碎的玻璃
[近] breakable, feeble, frail, friable, frangible, infirm, unsound, weak
[反] tough, durable 抗打击的
【考法2】adj. 易受伤的,脆弱的:easily injured without careful handling
[例] Babies are extremely fragile, so remember to care for them gently. 小孩子特别容易受伤,所以要记得温柔地对待他们。
[近] delicate, sensitive
[派] fragility n. 脆弱
symbol: ['fræʤl]
zhuji: 【记】flag＝fract 断裂，ile易…的－易碎的
zhuji3000: 【根】 frag [fract, break] + -ile [a., tending to], tending to break → a. 易碎的;易受伤的,脆弱的
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position: (10, 8)

正面: frail
definition: 【考法1】adj. 虚弱的:physically weak
[例] Working for three days without any sleep made him extremely frail. 连续三天的彻夜工作使他极为虚弱。
[近] weak, effete, enervated, feeble, fragile, infirm, languid, unsubstantial
[反] robust 充满活力的;hale, sturdy 健壮的
【考法2】adj.(意志)薄弱的:easily led astray; morally weak
[例] frail and pathetic humanity 容易误入歧途的可悲人性
[近] characterless, invertebrate, nerveless, spineless
[反] faithful, resolute 意志坚定的,有坚定信念的
[派] frailty n. 虚弱;(意志)脆弱
【考法3】adj.(希望)渺茫的:slight, unsubstantial
[例] a frail hope of success 成功的机会渺茫
[近] negligible, slight, small
[反] good 很有希望的
symbol: [freɪl]
zhuji: 【记】源于：fragile（adj 易碎的；脆的）frag碎fragment（n 碎片；片段）fr＝free，ail小病：动不动就得小病－身体虚弱的
zhuji3000: 【记】 fragile的缩略形式,easy to break → a.虚弱的;(意志) 薄弱的;(希望) 渺茫的
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position: (10, 8)

正面: fraudulent
definition: 【考法】adj. 欺诈的:characterized by, based on, or done by fraud
[例] a fraudulent interpretation of experimental data 对实验数据的欺骗性解释
[近] deceitful, deceptive, dishonest, duplicitous, guileful, underhanded
[反] reliable, trustworthy 可信的;authentic 真实的;honest, straight 诚实的
[派] fraudulence n. 欺骗
symbol: ['frɔ:ʤələnt]
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position: (10, 9)

正面: fraught
definition: 【考法1】adj. 充满的:full of or accompanied by something
[例] an experience fraught with peril 充满危险的经历
[近] abounding, abundant, awash, flush, replete, thronging
[反] scarce 稀缺的
【考法2】adj. 令人忧虑的:causing or characterized by emotional distress or tension
[例] a fraught relationship between the two neighboring countries 两个邻国间令人担忧的关系
[近] uneasy, agitating, anxious, distressful, disturbing, restless, tense, unsettling, nail-biting
[反] calming, relaxing 使人镇静的,使人放松的
symbol: [frɔ:t]
zhuji: 【记】源于：freight（n 货物vt 装货；使充满）
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position: (10, 9)

正面: frenzy
definition: 【考法】n. 疯狂,狂怒:a violent mental or emotional agitation
[例] She is subject to these frenzies several times a year. 她每年都要暴怒几次。
[近] delirium, fever, furor, fury, hysteria, insanity, rage, rampage, uproar
[反] sanity 理智
[派] frenetic adj. 疯狂的
symbol: ['frenzi]
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position: (10, 9)

正面: frequent
definition: 【考法1】vt. 时常拜访:to pay frequent visits to; be in or at often
[例] frequent opera houses 时常造访歌剧院
[近] haunt, resort, visit
[反] avoid, shun 躲避
【考法2】adj. 时常发生的,重复再现的:happening at short intervals; often repeated or occurring
[例] He used to make frequent trips to Los Angeles. 他从前经常前往洛杉矶旅行。
[近] common, constant, everyday, habitual, periodical, repeated
[反] rare 稀有的,少见的
[派] frequency n. 频率;频繁
symbol: ['fri:kwənt]
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position: (10, 9)

正面: fretful
definition: 【考法】adj. 易怒的,烦躁的:inclined to be vexed or troubled
[例] Adolescence is the most fretful stages of human development. 青春期是人类发展过程中最焦躁的阶段。
[近] irritable, fractious, peevish, pettish, petulant
[反] easygoing 随和的
[派] fret v.(使)烦躁
symbol: ['fretfl]
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position: (10, 9)

正面: friable
definition: 【考法】adj. 易碎的:easily crumbled or pulverized
[例] friable mineral rock 易碎的矿石
[近] crumbly, delicate, feeble, fragile, frail, infirm, weak
[反] sturdy, substantial 坚固的
symbol: ['fraɪəbl]
zhuji: 【记】源于：frail（adj 虚弱的；意志薄弱的）；fragile（adj 易碎的）
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position: (10, 9)

正面: friction
definition: 【考法1】n. 摩擦:the rubbing of one object or surface against another
[例] lubricant that significantly reduces friction 能显著减少摩擦的润滑剂
[近] abrasion
【考法2】n. 冲突,不和:the clashing between two persons or parties of opposed views
[例] There is a friction between the professor and students. 教授和学生之间存在不和。
[近] disagreement, conflict, contention, dissidence, schism, war
[反] accord, harmony, peace, concord 和谐
[派] frictional adj. 产生摩擦的
symbol: ['frɪk∫n]
zhuji: 【记】fiction（n 虚构；小说）描写人物friction
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position: (10, 9)

正面: frigid
definition: 【考法1】adj. 严寒的:extremely cold
[例] an unusually frigid winter of Wuhan 武汉一个反常的寒冬
[近] cold, arctic, chilling, freezing, frosty, glacial
[反] roasting, scalding, scorching, searing, seething, sizzling, sultry, sweltering, torrid 炎热的
【考法2】adj. 冷漠的:lacking warmth or ardor
[例] a formal but frigid welcome 一个正式但冷漠的招呼
[近] indifferent, cold, emotionless, passionless, unresponsive
[反] ardent, amorous, cordial 饱含感情的
[派] frigidity n. 严寒;冷漠
symbol: ['frɪʤɪd]
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position: (10, 9)

正面: fringe
definition: 【考法1】n. 边缘:something that resembles such a border or edging
[例] “Don't act on the fringes of the law,”warns the customs officer. 海关人员警告说:“不要打法律的擦边球”。
[近] border, boundary, circumference, edge, margin, perimeter, periphery, skirt
[反] center, core 中心,核心
【考法2】vt. 与…接壤,位于…的边缘:to be adjacent to
[近] abut, border, neighbor, skirt, verge
symbol: [frɪnʤ]
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position: (10, 9)

正面: frivolous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 轻浮的:marked by unbecoming levity
[例] a frivolous young woman 一个举止轻浮的年轻女子
[近] giddy, shallow, superficial
[反] earnest, sober, serious 严肃的
[派] frivolity n. 轻浮,轻佻
【考法2】adj. 不重要的:of little weight or importance
[例] The frivolous comment was soon forgotten. 那个不值一提的评论很快就被遗忘了。
[近] trivial, flimsy, light, petty, trifling
[反] consequential, eventful, meaningful, momentous, weighty 重要的
symbol: ['frɪvələs]
zhuji: 【记】frivo弄成碎屑－无关紧要的读：free 味儿lous：动不动就放P味儿－轻率的（不认真严肃的）
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position: (10, 9)

正面: frothy
definition: 【考法1】adj. 用轻薄材料制作的:made of light thin material
[例] a frothy laptop made of carbon fiber and alloys 碳纤维以及合金制造的轻薄型笔记本电脑
[近] delicate, gossamer, light
[反] weighty 重的;sturdy 结实的
【考法2】adj.(内容等)欢乐轻佻、不严肃的:gaily frivolous or light in content or treatment
[例] a frothy movie 一部有喜感的电影
[近] flighty, frivolous, puerile
[反] earnest, serious, sober 严肃的
symbol: ['frɔ:θi]
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position: (10, 10)

正面: frowsy
definition: 【考法1】adj. 邋遢的:having a slovenly or uncared-for appearance
[例] frowsy hair 邋遢的头发
[近] slovenly, unkempt, untidy
[反] dapper, neat, tidy, spruce 整洁的
【考法2】adj. 味道难闻的:having an unpleasant smell
[例] The abandoned house was dank and frowsy and barely fit for human habitation. 这座废房子光线又暗,气味又难闻,几乎无法供人居住。
[近] fetid, noisome, smelly, stinky
[反] ambrosial, aromatic, fragrant, redolent 芳香的
symbol: ['fraʊzi]
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position: (10, 10)

正面: frugal
definition: 【考法】adj. 节约的:characterized by or reflecting economy in the use of resources
[例] be frugal in her expenditures 节约她的开销
[近] sparing, economical, provident, stingy
[反] extravagant, prodigal, sumptuous 奢侈浪费的
[派] frugality n. 节俭
symbol: ['fru:gl]
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position: (10, 10)

正面: frustrate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 挫败,阻挠:to prevent from accomplishing a purpose or fulfilling a desire
[例] He frustrated their scheme in time. 他及时挫败了他们的阴谋。
[近] ruin, baffle, balk, circumvent, foil, thwart
[反] abet 帮助,鼓舞,教唆;accomplish, fulfill 实现
【考法2】vt. 使沮丧:to lessen the courage or confidence of
[例] frustrated by his failure 为他的失败感到沮丧
[近] chill, daunt, dishearten, dismay, dispirit
[反] embolden, encourage, nerve, steel 鼓舞
[派] frustration n. 沮丧;阻挠;frustrated adj. 沮丧的
symbol: ['frʌstreɪt]
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position: (10, 10)

正面: full-bodied
definition: 【考法1】adj. 重要的:having importance, significance, or meaningfulness
[例] a full-bodied study of genetic engineering 一项基因工程的重要研究
[近] important, consequential, momentous, significant, weighty
[反] trivial 不重要的
【考法2】adj. 味道浓烈的:having richness and intensity of flavor or aroma
[例] full-bodied perfume in the cabin 车厢内浓郁的香水味
[近] strong, concentrated
[反] insipid 平淡无奇的
symbol: [fʊl'bɑ:did]
zhuji3000: 【根】 有完整的实体 → a. 重要的;味道浓烈的
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position: (10, 10)

正面: fulminate
definition: 【考法】v. 大声斥责:to issue a thunderous verbal attack or denunciation
[例] fulminate the so-called curricular reform痛斥所谓的课程改革
[近] criticize, blame, censure, condemn, denounce, denunciate, lambaste, reprehend, reprobate
[反] applaud, compliment, praise 赞美
[派] fulmination n. 训斥
symbol: ['fʊlmɪneɪt]
zhuji: 【记】fuimin发出电弧的闪电，雷声－像雷电一样谴责full min ate：一个10人的房间装了full一万min工在ate吃饭－引起爆炸，严厉谴责读：发霉ate：让民工吃发霉的东西－爆炸，严厉谴责
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position: (10, 10)

正面: fumble
definition: 【考法1】v. 笨拙地做:to make awkward attempts to do or find something
[例] fumbled in his pocket for a coin 从口袋里笨拙地摸出一枚硬币
[近] botch, flounder, mess, stumble
【考法2】n.(无意识的)失误:an unintentional departure from truth or accuracy
[例] She played the entire piano piece without a single fumble. 她完美地演绎了整首钢琴曲。
[近] blunder, fault, gaffe, lapse, misstep, mistake
symbol: ['fʌmbl]
zhuji: 【记】原指：棒球中漏接地面球读：翻吧！
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position: (10, 10)

正面: furor
definition: 【考法】n. 喧闹,狂怒;激动,狂热:a general commotion; public disorder or uproar; a state of intense excitement or ecstasy
[例] The decision to raise tax has caused a great furor among the working class. 提高税收的决定引起了工人阶级的强烈骚动。
[近] delirium, frenzy, fever, fury, hysteria, outrage, rage, uproar, wrath
[反] serenity, tranquility 平静,宁静;delight, pleasure 愉悦
symbol: ['fjʊrɔ:r]
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position: (10, 10)

正面: furtive
definition: 【考法】adj. 鬼鬼祟祟的;秘密的:done by stealth
[例] a furtive glance at her 朝她投去的隐秘一瞥
[近] secret, clandestine, covert, stealthy, surreptitious
[反] aboveboard 光明正大的;candid, forthright 坦率的
[派] furtively adv. 秘密地
symbol: ['fɜ:rtɪv]
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position: (10, 10)

正面: fury
definition: 【考法】n. 暴怒:intense, disordered, and often destructive rage
[例] The gods unleashed their fury on the offending mortal. 诸神将怒火降在了那些对神明不敬的凡人身上。
[近] anger, indignation, ire, mad, rage, wrath
[反] forbearance 容忍;delight, pleasure 快乐,愉悦
[派] furious adj. 狂暴的,暴怒的
If you would go up high, then use your own legs! Do not let yourselves carried aloft; do not seat yourselves on other people's backs and heads.
如果你想要走到高处,就要使用自己的两条腿!不要让别人把你抬到高处;不要坐在别人的背上和头上。
——德国哲学家 尼采(F. W. Nietzsche, German philosopher)
symbol: ['fjʊri]
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position: (10, 10)

正面: fussy
definition: 【考法1】adj. 谨慎的:taking, showing, or involving great care and effort
[例] a fussy actuarial problem 需要谨慎处理的保险计算问题
[近] careful, exact, meticulous, punctilious
[反] careless 粗心大意的
【考法2】adj. 过分雕琢的:elaborately and often excessively decorated
[例] The room, with its rococo furniture and its overabundance of knickknacks, is just too fussy for my taste. 这房间里洛可可式的家具和过量的小饰品,让我觉得装修得有点过分以至于无法接受。
[近] bedizened, florid
[反] austere, plain, stark 朴素的,朴实无华的
【考法3】adj. 挑剔的:hard to please
[例] It is widely known that cats are fussy eaters. 众所周知猫对食物很挑剔。
[近] choosy, delicate, demanding, exacting, fastidious, nice, particular, persnickety, picky
[反] undemanding, unfussy 不挑剔的
symbol: ['fʌsi]
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position: (11, 1)

正面: fusty
definition: 【考法1】adj. 过时的:rigidly old-fashioned or reactionary
[例] fusty old carpets 过时的旧地毯
[近] antiquated, archaic, bygone, moldy, outdated
【考法2】adj. 腐臭的:saturated with dust and stale odors
[例] the fusty odor of a damp cellar 潮湿的地下室里的腐臭味道
[近] malodorous, fetid, musty, noisome, smelly, stale
[反] ambrosial, aromatic, fragrant, perfumed, redolent, savory, scented, sweet 有香味的,芳香的
symbol: ['fʌsti]
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position: (11, 1)

正面: futile
definition: 【考法1】adj. 无效的,无用的:serving no useful purpose; completely ineffective
[例] It would be an undoubtedly futile effort to persuade him. 想说服他毫无疑问是徒劳的。
[近] abortive, bootless, fruitless, ineffective, useless, vain
[反] effectual, efficacious 有效的
[派] futility n. 徒劳,无益
【考法2】adj. 不严肃的:lacking in seriousness or maturity
[例] the futile chatter of gossip columnists about the comings and goings of Hollywood celebrities 八卦的专栏作家们对于好莱坞名人来来往往的随意闲谈
[近] flighty, frivolous, frothy
[反] earnest, serious 严肃认真的
symbol: ['fju:tl]
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position: (11, 1)

正面: gadfly
definition: 【考法1】n. 刺激物:one that acts as a provocative stimulus
[近] goad, impetus, impulse, incentive, irritant, spur, stimulus
[反] balm 安抚,慰藉
【考法2】n. 令人反感的人:a person who stimulates or annoys especially by persistent criticism
[例] a tactless gadfly during post-game interviews with the losing team 在赛后采访败北方时一个令人讨厌的不懂人情世故的人
[近] annoyer, bother, persecutor, teaser, pest
symbol: ['gædflaɪ]
zhuji: 【记】gad（n 赶牲畜用的尖头棒），fly（n 苍蝇）
zhuji3000: 【记】 来自gadfly [牛虻] → n. 刺激物;令人反感的人
[注] gad [n. 尖头棒],fly [n. 苍蝇],牛虻 [n. gadfly] 是一种嘴很尖 [gad] 的会飞 [fly] 的吸血虫
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position: (11, 1)

正面: gaffe
definition: 【考法1】n.(社交上)失礼,失态:a social or diplomatic blunder
[例] A gaffe is when a politician tells the truth. —— Michael Kinsley 所谓出丑,就是政治家说真话的时候。(迈克·金斯利)
[近] impropriety, indecorum, indiscretion
[反] decency, decorum, propriety 举止得体
【考法2】n. 明显的错误,错误判断:a blatant mistake or misjudgment
[例] so-called debates, which were mainly about seeing which candidate made the most gaffes 所谓的辩论,其实主要就是看哪个选手犯了最多的错误
[近] blunder, lapse, misstep, oversight
symbol: [gæf]
zhuji: 【记】gaff（n 大鱼叉）：用gaff吃饭是gaffe，还是一种判断错误！
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position: (11, 1)

正面: gainsay
definition: 【考法1】vt. 否认:to declare false
[近] deny, contradict, contravene, naysay
[反] acknowledge, admit, avow, concede 承认;affirm 证实
【考法2】vt. 反对:to oppose, especially by contradiction
[例] No one dare to gainsay him. 没人敢反驳他。
[近] disagree, refute, reject, repudiate
[反] concur 同意
symbol: [ˌgeɪn'seɪ]
zhuji: 【记】gain得到，say说：有一种同意的感觉，但是是否认的意思。
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position: (11, 1)

正面: gall
definition: 【考法1】vt.(使)焦躁,激怒:irritate, vex
[例] The sarcastic applause from the audience galled her. 观众反讽的掌声激怒了她。
[近] aggravate, exasperate, grate, inflame, provoke, pique, roil
[反] appease, assuage, calm, lull, pacify, placate 使平静,使平息
【考法2】n. 深深的敌意:a deep-seated ill will
[例] Her kindly feelings turned to gall when she found out her nephew only wanted her money. 当她发现她的侄子只想要钱时,她之前友好的感情变成了憎恨与厌恶。
[近] animosity, animus, antagonism, antipathy, hostility, rancor
[反] amity 友好
【考法3】n. 大胆,无耻:shameless boldness
[例] I can't believe he had the gall to ask me how much I weigh. 我不敢相信他居然胆敢问我有多重。
[近] audacity, brass, nerve, presumptuousness, temerity
symbol: [gɔ:l]
zhuji: 【记】g割，all所有：割掉身上所有的肉，只剩下胆了
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position: (11, 1)

正面: gallant
definition: 【考法1】adj. 英勇的:brave, spirited; nobly chivalrous and often self-sacrificing
[例] Gallant paratroopers jumped out of the plane without hesitation. 英勇的伞兵们毫不犹豫地跳出了飞机。
[近] bold, courageous, dauntless, heroic, stouthearted, valorous
[反] craven, pusillanimous 胆小的
[派] gallantly adv. 英勇地
【考法2】adj. 高贵的,慷慨的:having, characterized by, or arising from a dignified and generous nature
[例] The members of that service club are known for their gallant service to the community. 那个服务社的成员因为他们对社区的慷慨贡献而为人所知。
[近] chivalrous, elevated, loft, magnanimous, sublime
[反] base, debased, degenerate, ignoble 卑鄙的,堕落的
symbol: ['gælənt]
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position: (11, 1)

正面: galvanize
definition: 【考法】vt.(好似用电击)刺激:to stimulate or excite as if by an electric shock
[例] an issue that would galvanize public opinion 激起大众评论的问题
[近] provoke, agitate, excite, intoxicate, motivate, stimulate, pump up
[反] allay, lull, pacify 使平静
[派] galvanizing adj. 刺激的
symbol: ['gælvənaɪz]
zhuji: 【记】galvano-（表示“利用化学作用产生电流的”之义）gal胆量，van万，ize：给你一万个胆量－激励
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position: (11, 1)

正面: gamble
definition: 【考法1】v. 赌博,孤注一掷:to bet on an uncertain outcome, as of a contest
[例] gamble on the train being late 赌火车晚点
[近] bet, adventure, chance, risk, stake, venture
[派] gambling n. 赌博
【考法2】vi.(使)受到威胁,冒险:to place in danger
[例] You don't want to gamble with your life, so buckle up. 你不会想拿命来开玩笑的,所以系好安全带。
[近] compromise, hazard, imperil, jeopardize, threaten
symbol: ['gæmbl]
zhuji: 【记】game，ball：联想体育彩票，有很多ball的game，实际上是一种赌博。
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position: (11, 1)

正面: gambol
definition: 【考法】vi. 欢跳,雀跃:to leap about playfully
[例] young lambs gamboling in the meadow 小羊羔在原野里欢快地跳跃
[近] frolic, caper, cavort
[反] plod, trudge 沉重缓慢地走
symbol: ['gæmbl]
zhuji: 【记】gamb（n 腿）－用腿雀跃game，ball：玩一种有ball的game比如football，赢了的一方就会gambol
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position: (11, 2)

正面: gangly
definition: 【考法】adj. 身材瘦长的:awkwardly tall or long-limbed
[例] The suspect is a gangly high school boy. 嫌犯是一个瘦高的中学生。
[近] gangling, lanky, rangy, spindling, spindly
[反] stalwart 壮实的
symbol: ['gæŋgli]
zhuji: 【记】读：杠铃－身材象杠铃－瘦长的
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position: (11, 2)

正面: garble
definition: 【考法1】vt. 曲解,篡改,混淆(以至使无法理解):to mix up or distort to such an extent as to make misleading or incomprehensible
[例] The summary totally garbles the results of the investigation. 这份摘要完全曲解了调查结果。
[近] misrepresent, belie, color, distort, falsify, twist, warp
[反] clarify, elucidate 阐明
【考法2】vt. 筛选,除杂:to remove usually visible impurities from
[例] Garbled spices are less likely to contaminate a recipe. 经过筛选的香料应该就不会影响食谱了。
[近] clear, distill, filter, purify
[反] adulterate, contaminate 掺杂;污染
symbol: ['gɑ:rbl]
zhuji: 【记】嘎崩（garble）一声使东西弯曲－曲解
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position: (11, 2)

正面: gargantuan
definition: 【考法】adj. 巨大的:tremendous in size, volume, or degree
[例] a gargantuan waterfall in the rainforest 热带雨林中的巨大瀑布
[近] huge, astronomical, colossal, elephantine, enormous, gigantic, immense, mammoth, monstrous, titanic
[反] infinitesimal, minuscule 微小的
symbol: [gɑ:r'gænt∫uən]
zhuji: 【记】gar鸭子的嘎嘎叫声，gan干，tuan团：能一边gargar叫一边干掉一个团－巨大的鸭子－巨大的，庞大的
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position: (11, 2)

正面: garish
definition: 【考法】adj. 过于鲜艳的,过于张扬的:marked by strident color or excessive ornamentation
[例] With garish makeup on, she looks exceedingly frivolous. 浓妆艳抹之下的她显得格外轻佻。
[近] gaudy, blatant, brazen, flamboyant, glaring, ostentatious
[反] dim, gloomy, murky, somber 黯淡的;conservative, quiet 不张扬的
symbol: ['gerɪ∫]
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position: (11, 2)

正面: garment
definition: 【考法】n. 衣服:an article of clothing
[例] pack all garments 给所有衣服打包
[近] apparel, attire, costume, dress, suit
symbol: ['gɑ:rmənt]
zhuji: 【记】gar花，ment：花一样的衣服－外衣
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position: (11, 2)

正面: garrulous
definition: 【考法】adj. 啰嗦的,话多得令人厌烦的:given to excessive and often trivial or rambling talk; tiresomely talkative
[例] garrulous traveling companions 多话的旅伴
[近] talkative, chatty, loquacious, verbose, voluble
[反] laconic, reserved, reticent, taciturn 缄默的
[派] garrulity n. 啰嗦
symbol: ['gærələs]
zhuji: 【记】garr聊，ulous多－唠叨的gar嘎嘎叫，rul＝rule（n 规则），ous多：鸭子规则－唠叨的
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position: (11, 2)

正面: gash
definition: 【考法1】n. 深长的伤口或切口:a long deep cut
[例] He got a gash in his knee that required for stitches. 他的膝盖伤得很深,需要缝针。
[近] incision, laceration, rent, rip, tear
【考法2】vt. 砍伤,划开:to make a gash in
[例] Her face had been gashed by the rocks as she tumbled down the embankment. 当她从堤岸上摔下来时脸上被刮了一道口。
[近] cut, incise, pierce, slash, slice, slit
[反] sew 缝合
symbol: [gæ∫]
zhuji: 【记】读：盖世（太保）－经常出没于黑社会，所以身上有gash有了gash，血就会gush（v 喷涌而出；滔滔不绝）读：故事
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position: (11, 2)

正面: gasification
definition: 【考法】n. 气化:conversion into gas
[例] gasification of coals 煤的气化
[近] evaporation, sublimation
[反] solidification 固化;liquefaction 液化
[派] gasify v.(使)气化
symbol: [ˌgæsɪfɪ'keɪ∫n]
zhuji3000: 【根】 gas [气] + i + fic [make] + -at (e) + -ion [n.], make...gas → n. 气化
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position: (11, 2)

正面: gauche
definition: 【考法】adj. 笨拙的,缺乏社交经验的:lacking social experience or grace
[例] It would be gauche to mention the subject. 提这个话题是很无礼的。
[近] awkward, clumsy, crude, inept, maladroit, rustic, tactless
[反] graceful 优雅的;polished, refined, urbane 有教养的
[派] gaucheness n. 笨拙
symbol: [goʊ∫]
zhuji: 【记】读：狗吃（屎）－会见小江摔了个gauche－不善交际的
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position: (11, 2)

正面: gaudy
definition: 【考法】adj. 俗丽的:ostentatiously or tastelessly ornamented, excessively showy
[例] gaudy movie posters 俗丽的电影海报
[近] blatant, brazen, flashy, garish, glaring, meretricious, tawdry, flamboyant
[反] austere, homely, plain 朴素的;conservative, understated, unflamboyant, unflashy 不张扬的
symbol: ['gɔ:di]
zhuji: 【记】源于：gaud（n 华丽而俗气的饰物）读：高的－裙子特别高－俗丽的
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position: (11, 3)

正面: gauge
definition: 【考法1】n. 测量标准:a measurement(as of linear dimension)according to some standard or system
[例] polls as a gauge of voter satisfaction 用以衡量选民满意度的投票选举
[近] standard, benchmark, criterion, measure, touchstone, yardstick
【考法2】vt. 判定:to determine the capacity or contents of
[例] It is hard to gauge his mood. 要判断他的情绪很困难。
[近] assess, determine, evaluate, figure, measure, scale
symbol: [geɪʤ]
zhuji: 【记】读：稿纸－写一个文档的时候首先要确定，测量稿纸的标准规格，比如：A4，B5等
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position: (11, 3)

正面: gear
definition: 【考法】v. 调整(以配合):to adjust or adapt so as to make suitable
[例] gear the speech towards a conservative audience 调整演讲以适应保守的观众
[近] adapt, adjust, fit, suit, tailor
symbol: [gɪr]
zhuji: 【记】用gear g割掉你的ear耳朵
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position: (11, 3)

正面: genial
definition: 【考法1】adj. 和蔼亲切的:having an easygoing and pleasing manner especially in social situations
[例] a genial host who makes a point of speaking personally to each and every guest 一个重视与每个客人私下交流的亲切的主人
[近] affable, agreeable, gracious, mellow, nice, pleasant, sweet
[反] caustic, mordant 尖酸刻薄的;truculent 凶残的
[派] geniality n. 和蔼
【考法2】adj. 友好的,热心的:having or showing kindly feeling and sincere interest
[近] amicable, companionable, cordial, warmhearted
[反] antagonistic, hostile 有敌意的
【考法3】adj. 温暖的:marked by temperatures that are neither too high nor too low
[例] genial sunshine in winter 冬日的暖阳
[近] balmy, equable, gentle, mild, moderate, soft, temperate
[反] harsh, inclement, intemperate, severe 严寒的
symbol: ['ʤi:niəl]
zhuji: 【记】geni＝gene，al＝all：所有人有共同的基因，好像兄弟姐妹一样－友好的，和蔼可亲的
zhuji3000: 【联】 gentle → a. 和蔼亲切的;友好的,热心的;温暖的
[注] 近义词congenial [a. 和善的, 友好的; 令人愉悦的]
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position: (11, 3)

正面: genteel
definition: 【考法】adj. 有教养的,不粗俗的:free from vulgarity or rudeness
[例] Her genteel behaviors at the ball make others conjecture that she must come from a distinguished noble family. 舞会上她极有教养的举止让他人纷纷猜测她一定来自名门望族。
[近] courteous, decent, decorous, mannerly, polite, polished, respectable, urbane, couth, cultured, refined
[反] churlish 粗暴的;loutish 蠢笨的
symbol: [ʤen'ti:l]
zhuji: 【记】源于gentle（adj 温和的；文雅的）；gentleman（n 绅士）
zhuji3000: 【记】 gentle (读音、拼写相近), 参gentleman [绅士] → a. 有教养的,不粗俗的
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position: (11, 3)

正面: germane
definition: 【考法】adj. 有关的,适当的:being at once relevant and appropriate
[例] details not germane to the discussion 与讨论无关的细节
[近] applicable, apropos, apposite, pertinent, relevant
[反] extraneous, irrelevant 无关的;inappropriate 不适当的
symbol: [ʤɜ:r'meɪn]
zhuji: 【记】german（adj 同父母的；同祖父母的）；germ（n 微生物；萌芽）
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position: (11, 3)

正面: gibe
definition: 【考法】v. 嘲弄:to deride or tease with taunting words
[例] gibe at the umpire 嘲弄裁判员
[近] deride, jeer, ridicule, mock, scoff, sneer, taunt
[反] respect, revere, venerate 尊敬
symbol: [ʤaɪb]
zhuji: 【记】也写作jibe（vi 嘲笑；与…一致vt 嘲笑n 嘲笑）多一个意思“与…一致”要记住该词巨好记，但是只可意会，不可言传
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position: (11, 3)

正面: giddy
definition: 【考法1】adj. 轻率不严肃的:lacking in seriousness or maturity
[例] teach a bunch of giddy Girl Scouts how to make a fire 教一群漫不经心的女童子军如何生火
[近] flighty, frivolous, frothy
[反] grave, serious 严肃的;earnest 认真的
【考法2】adj. 喜悦的:joyfully elated
[例] He's clearly giddy at the news that his ailing grandfather will be fine. 听到他祖父的病将无大碍,他的喜悦之情溢于言表。
[近] elated, elevated, euphoric, exhilarated, exultant, intoxicated, rapturous
[反] depressed, melancholy 忧郁的
symbol: ['gɪdi]
zhuji: 【记】读：极低－极为低级（想象）－轻浮而不严肃的
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position: (11, 3)

正面: gild
definition: 【考法】vt.(带欺骗性地)修改,润色:to give an often deceptively attractive or improved appearance to
[例] Any further retouch would be gilding the lily. 任何形式的润色都会是画蛇添足。
[近] polish, refine, smooth
symbol: [gɪld]
zhuji: 【记】源于：gold（n 黄金；金色）
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position: (11, 3)

正面: gist
definition: 【考法】n. 要点:the main point or part
[例] the gist of the argument 论证的要点
[近] core, essence, kernel, pivot, quintessence, substance
[反] divergence 偏离(主旨)
symbol: [ʤɪst]
zhuji: 【记】读：记死它－因为是gist所以要死死的记住它
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position: (11, 3)

正面: gladiator
definition: 【考法1】n. 角斗士:a person engaged in a fight to the death as public entertainment for ancient Romans
[例] He comes to Rome as a gladiator to seek revenge. 他化成角斗士来到罗马寻求复仇。
【考法2】n. 参与打斗或辩论的人:a person engaging in a public fight or controversy
[近] boxer, fighter, belligerent, combatant
symbol: ['glædieɪtər]
zhuji: 【记】源于gladius（n 古罗马军队的短剑）glad高兴，ia病，tor人：一生病就高兴的人－角斗士，因为不用殊死搏斗了
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position: (11, 4)

正面: glaze
definition: 【考法1】vt. 给…上釉,妆点:to coat with or as if with a glaze
[例] The storm glazed trees with ice. 暴风雪给树木镀上了一层冰装。
[近] adorn, bedeck, decorate, embellish, garnish
[反] strip, uncover 剥去
【考法2】vt. 使平滑:to give a smooth glossy surface to
[近] polish, burnish, furbish, shine
[反] rumple 弄皱
symbol: [gleɪz]
zhuji: 【记】源于glaze＝glass玻璃，一层透明的物质－釉
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position: (11, 4)

正面: glib
definition: 【考法1】adj. 流利圆滑的(常含有不真诚或欺诈的成分),油腔滑调的:marked by ease and fluency in speaking or writing often to the point of being insincere or deceitful
[例] a glib politician 油嘴滑舌的政客
[近] nonchalant, oily
[反] taciturn 沉默寡言的;awkward 笨拙的
【考法2】adj. 缺乏深度的,肤浅的:lacking depth and substance
[例] glib solutions to the knotty problem 对复杂难解问题的肤浅的解决方案
[近] cursory, shallow, superficial
[反] abstruse, deep, profound 深奥的,深刻的
symbol: [glɪb]
zhuji: 【记】g割，lib＝lip：把嘴唇割成三半，就会油嘴滑舌的ad-lib（n 即兴表演adj 即兴的）add一个lipcensure（v 责难n 责难）三舌
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position: (11, 4)

正面: glisten
definition: 【考法】vi. 闪光:to shine by reflection with a sparkling luster
[例] The calm sea glistened in the sunlight. 日光下平静的海面波光粼粼。
[近] flash, scintillate, sparkle, twinkle, winkle
[反] dim 变得黯淡
symbol: ['glɪsn]
zhuji: 【记】g，listen（v 听；收听）：要是看就好了，可惜是listen，勉强记吧！哥哥听见了闪光！
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position: (11, 4)

正面: glitch
definition: 【考法】n. 小故障:a minor malfunction, mishap, or technical problem
[例] postponement due to a glitch in a spacecraft's fuel cell 宇宙飞船燃料电池故障引起的推迟发射
[近] bug, defect, fault, lapse, imperfection, peccadillo
[反] fatal error 致命错误
symbol: [glɪt∫]
zhuji: 【记】g割，lit＝bit小，ch吃：从你的身上割下一小块肉吃了，你就会出现小故障。
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position: (11, 4)

正面: gloat
definition: 【考法】vi. 幸灾乐祸,自鸣得意:a feeling of great, often malicious, pleasure or self-satisfaction
[例] gloat over his enemy's misfortune 为敌人的不幸而幸灾乐祸
[近] crow, relish, triumph
[反] mourn 哀悼
symbol: [gloʊt]
zhuji: 【记】glow at：用发光的眼睛看－幸灾乐祸地看读：哥漏它－哥哥踢球时候漏了球－我幸灾乐祸地看
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position: (11, 4)

正面: gloomy
definition: 【考法1】adj. 黯淡无光的:being without light or without much light
[近] black, dark, dim, dimmed, murky, obscure, stygian, pitch-dark
[反] bright, luminous, lucent, lucid 明亮的
【考法2】adj. 忧郁的:low in spirits
[例] feel gloomy about future career 对未来的职业生涯倍感忧心
[近] sullen, dejected, dour, melancholy, morose, saturnine, surly
[反] frothy 欢乐轻挑的;buoyant, cheerful, jubilant 高兴的
symbol: ['glu:mi]
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position: (11, 4)

正面: gloss
definition: 【考法1】n. 简短解释:a brief explanation of a difficult or obscure word or expression
[近] abstract, annotation, brief, epitome, synopsis
[反] amplification 详解
[派] glossary n. 术语表
【考法2】n.(欺骗性的)光鲜外表:a deceptively attractive external appearance
[例] She used a computer to give her astrological predictions the gloss of real science. 她用计算机来给她的占星预测结果套上科学的外衣。
[近] façade, mask, veneer
【考法3】v. 敷衍潦草做事(甚至忽略):to deal with(a subject or problem)too lightly or not at all
[例] gloss over the problems 不怎么理会这些问题
[近] disregard, ignore, neglect, overlook
[反] scrutinize 仔细研究
【考法4】v. 开脱(罪名):to make(something)seem less bad by offering excuses
[例] I don't want to gloss over her misbehavior, but keep in mind that she's been under a lot of stress lately. 我不想为她的行为辩护,但是别忘了她最近压力很大。
[近] excuse, extenuate
symbol: [glɑ:s]
zhuji: 【记】源于glow（vi 发光；发热），ss－光泽－使文章变得光泽－注解源于glass（n 玻璃）－光泽－使文章变得光泽－注解
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position: (11, 4)

正面: glossy
definition: 【考法】adj. 平滑的,有光泽的:having a smooth, shiny, lustrous surface
[例] glossy surface of the floor 平整光亮的地板
[近] lustrous, burnished, glistening, polished, shining
[反] coarse 粗糙的;dull, dim 无光泽的
symbol: ['glɑ:si]
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position: (11, 4)

正面: glut
definition: 【考法】vt. 使过量,使充满:to fill beyond capacity, especially with food
[例] glut himself with Sushi 吃寿司吃撑了
[近] cloy, cram, fill, satiate, surfeit, oversupply, sate
[反] lack 缺乏
[派] glutted adj. 饱和的
symbol: [glʌt]
zhuji: 【记】读：割了它－你已经供过于求了，那里不需要了，割了它吧。
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position: (11, 4)

正面: glutinous
definition: 【考法】adj. 胶状的,粘的:of the nature of or resembling glue
[例] glutinous liquid 胶状液体
[近] adherent, adhesive, cloggy, gluey, sticky, tenacious, viscid
[反] fluid 流体的
symbol: ['glu:tənəs]
zhuji: 【记】源于glue（n 胶，胶水）而不是glut
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position: (11, 5)

正面: glutton
definition: 【考法】n. 贪吃者:a person who eats or consumes immoderate amounts of food and drink
[例] a glutton for work 工作狂
[近] gorger, gourmand
[派] gluttony n. 暴饮暴食
symbol: ['glʌtn]
zhuji: 【记】glut（v 过食），ton吨－吃一吨东西的人－贪吃者
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position: (11, 5)

正面: goad
definition: 【考法】vt. 刺激,驱使,激发:to incite or rouse as if with a goad
[例] goad someone to do something 激励某人做某事
[近] urge, abet, exhort, instigate, prod, prompt, propel, spur, stimulate
[反] check, curb 阻止;lull 使安静
symbol: [goʊd]
zhuji: 【记】goad你达成goal（n 进球；目标）
zhuji3000: 【联】 goad比gad [尖头棒] 多一个字母,尖头棒可以“驱使”马前行 → v. 刺激,驱使,激发
[注] goad也可看成“go [走] + advance [向前]”,“使向前走”即“驱使”
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position: (11, 5)

正面: gobble
definition: 【考法】vt. 狼吞虎咽:to swallow or eat greedily
[例] Lions gobble their prey. 狮子狼吞虎咽地啃食它们的猎物。
[近] devour, gorge, guzzle, quaff, raven, swill
[反] nibble 小口咬
symbol: ['gɑ:bl]
zhuji: 【记】gob（n 嘴；大量）因为gobble所以gabble（v 急促而不清楚地说话）gobble中的O象狼吞虎咽的嘴读：够饱－足够饱了，因为gobble
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position: (11, 5)

正面: goggle
definition: 【考法】vi. 凝视:to look long and hard in wonder or surprise
[例] goggle at the characters on the stele 凝视石碑上的文字
[近] blink, gawk, gaze, peer, stare
[反] glance, glimpse 瞥视
symbol: ['gɑ:gl]
zhuji: 【记】该词中有3个护目镜ggg
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position: (11, 5)

正面: goldbrick
definition: 【考法】v. 逃避工作和责任:to shirk one's assigned duties or responsibilities
[例] goldbrick his duty as a citizen 逃避他作为公民的义务
[近] idle, parry, shirk, sidestep
[反] dedicate, devote 致力于
symbol: ['goʊldbrɪk]
zhuji: 【记】gold金，brick砖：金砖都不捡，真XX懒！
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position: (11, 5)

正面: gorge
definition: 【考法1】n. 峡谷:a narrow steep-walled canyon or part of a canyon
[例] Wenchuan earthquake is said to have no detrimental effect on Three-Gorge dam. 汶川地震据称对三峡大坝没有破坏性影响。
[近] gap, gulch, notch, ravine
【考法2】v. 狼吞虎咽:to eat greedily or to repletion
[例] He gorged himself at the party. 他在聚会上狼吞虎咽。
[近] cram, devour, gobble, guzzle, quaff, sate, swill
[反] nibble 小口咬
symbol: [gɔ:rʤ]
zhuji: 【记】gorge＝throat（n 咽喉）－峡谷
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position: (11, 5)

正面: gossamer
definition: 【考法1】n. 虚无缥缈的东西:something light, delicate, or insubstantial
[例] the gossamer of youth's dreams 年少时缥缈的梦想
[近] ether, delicacy
[反] substance, entity 实体
【考法2】adj. 轻薄的;薄弱的:extremely light, delicate, or tenuous
[例] a gossamer explanation 站不住脚的解释
[近] diaphanous, ethereal, filmy, light, insubstantial, tenuous
[反] heavy, leaden, ponderous 沉重的
symbol: ['gɑ:səmər]
zhuji: 【记】goss＝goose鹅，samer＝summer夏天，此时节蛛丝飞扬，鹅毛满天飞
zhuji3000: 【源】 gos [goose] + samer [summer], goose summer, (食鹅时节) 蜘蛛吐丝 → a. 轻薄的,薄弱的;引申 → n. 虚无缥缈的东西
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position: (11, 5)

正面: gourmand
definition: 【考法】n. 嗜食者,大胃王:one who is excessively fond of eating and drinking
[例] the kind of gourmand who swallows food without even pausing to taste it 不尝味道就下咽的那种嗜食者
[近] gorger, glutton
symbol: ['gʊrmɑ:nd]
zhuji: 【记】源于glutton（n 暴食者）gour读：孤儿，mand＝demand（v 需要）－孤儿需要暴饮暴食
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position: (11, 5)

正面: gourmet
definition: 【考法】n. 美食家:a connoisseur of food and drink
[例] a gourmet of Chinese food 中餐美食家
[近] bon vivant, connoisseur, epicure
[反] layman 门外汉
symbol: ['gʊrmeɪ]
zhuji: 【记】gourmet是指对食物和酒的味道有鉴别力的人，这个意思跟 gourmand 相同。但是gourmand还可以指吃大量食物的人。 epicure与 gourmet意思更相近，但这个词有时候有过度挑剔食物的含义。
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position: (11, 5)

正面: grandeur
definition: 【考法】n. 宏伟,壮丽:the quality or condition of being grand; magnificence
[例] the glory that was Greece and the grandeur that was Rome 希腊的荣耀和罗马的辉煌
[近] magnificence, augustness, brilliance, glory, majesty, nobility, resplendence, splendor
[反] frivolousness 无关紧要
[派] grand adj. 宏伟壮观的
symbol: ['grænʤər]
zhuji: 【记】grand（adj 盛大的；豪华的；重大的）
zhuji3000: 【根】 grand [grand, great] + -eur [n.], grand, great → n. 宏伟,壮丽
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position: (11, 6)

正面: grandiloquent
definition: 【考法】adj.(语言等)浮夸的:a lofty, extravagantly colorful, pompous, or bombastic style, manner, or quality especially in language
[例] feel disgusted with his grandiloquent speech 对他浮夸的演讲表示厌恶
[近] rhetorical, bombastic, inflated, magniloquent, pretentious
[反] secretive 低调的,隐秘的;simple 简单的
[派] grandiloquence n. 夸张的话语
symbol: [græn'dɪləkwənt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 grand [big] + i [连字符,无义] + loqu [speak] + -ent [a.], speak...(unrealistically) big, 夸大的 → a. (语言等) 浮夸的
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position: (11, 6)

正面: grandiose
definition: 【考法1】adj. 自命不凡的,浮夸的:characterized by feigned or affected grandeur
[例] grandiose words 自命不凡的话语
[近] extravagant, flamboyant, pompous, pretentious
[反] humble 谦逊的
【考法2】adj. 宏大的:characterized by greatness of scope or intent
[例] a grandiose hydroelectric project 宏伟的水电工程
[近] august, glorious, grand, imposing, magnificent, monumental, splendid
[反] trivial 微不足道的;humble, unimposing, unimpressive 平凡的
[派] grandiosity n. 雄伟,壮观
symbol: ['grændioʊs]
zhuji3000: 【根】 grand [grand, great] + - (i) ose [a.], grand → a. 宏大的;自认为grand → a. 自命不凡的,浮夸的
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position: (11, 6)

正面: grandstand
definition: 【考法】vi. 为了给人留下印象而表演,哗众取宠:to play or act so as to impress onlookers
[例] grandstand on the stage 在舞台上哗众取宠
[近] act, perform, pretend
symbol: ['grænstænd]
zhuji: 【记】grand（adj 盛大的；豪华的；重大的），stand（n 停止；看台v 站立；持久；经受）－大看台grand stand：华丽地站着－哗众取宠
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position: (11, 6)

正面: grate
definition: 【考法1】v. 刮擦(以发出刺耳的声音):to make a rasping sound
[例] The sled grated along the bare pavement. 雪橇与裸露的路面刮擦发出刺耳声。
[近] abrade, rasp, scratch, scrape
[派] grating adj. 刺耳的
【考法2】v. 骚扰,惹恼:to irritate or annoy persistently
[例] a noise that grates on one's nerves 使人烦躁的噪音
[近] irritate, aggravate, gall, nettle, peeve, plague, provoke, vex
[反] soothe 使平静,安抚
symbol: [greɪt]
zhuji: 【记】g割，rat老鼠，e：慢慢地割老鼠的脖子－发出吱吱的，刺耳的声音－令人非常气恼
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position: (11, 6)

正面: gratify
definition: 【考法】vt. 使满足:to give what is desired to, to please or satisfy
[例] gratify her curiosity 满足她的好奇心‖Her praise will gratify all who worked so hard to earn it. 她的表扬会使所有辛勤工作的人们高兴。
[近] appease, cater, content, satisfy
[反] displease 使不满;grieve 使悲痛
[派] gratification n. 满意
symbol: ['grætɪfaɪ]
zhuji: 【记】grat高兴
zhuji3000: 【根】 grat [pleased] + -ify [v.], make...pleased → vt. 使满足
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position: (11, 6)

正面: gratuitous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 无根据的,无理由的:unnecessary or unwarranted
[例] a dubious request based on a gratuitous assumption 基于无根据假设的可疑要求
[近] unfounded, unjustified, unreasonable, baseless, groundless
[反] justified, warranted 有理有据的
【考法2】adj. 无报酬的,免费的:given or granted without return or recompense
[例] a gratuitous ticket 免费的门票
[近] free, complimentary, unearned, voluntary
[反] merited 应得的
[派] gratuity n. 报酬,小费
【考法3】adj. 多余的:not needed by the circumstances or to accomplish an end
[近] dispensable, inessential, needless, redundant, superfluous, surplus
[反] critical, essential, pivotal, vital 关键的
symbol: [grə'tu:ɪtəs]
zhuji: 【记】源于gratuity（n 赠物；小费，赏钱）；grat高兴，uity－表示高兴的小费，付小费不是义务，所以gratuitous有“无根据的，无理由的”之意小费付多少是没有根据的
zhuji3000: 【记】 gratuit [gratuity, 小费;赠物] + -ous [a.], gratuity, 自愿送的额外的礼物 → a. 无根据的,无理由的;多余的;无报酬的,免费的
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position: (11, 6)

正面: green
definition: 【考法】adj. 无经验的:deficient in training, knowledge, or experience
[例] lead a squad of green recruits 带领一队没有经验的新兵
[近] inexperienced, callow, fresh, raw, unfledged, young
[反] experienced, versed 经验丰富的
symbol: [gri:n]
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position: (11, 6)

正面: gregarious
definition: 【考法1】adj. 爱社交的:likely to seek or enjoy the company of others
[近] convivial, extroverted, genial, outgoing, sociable, outgoing
[反] aloof 疏远的;antisocial 不合群的;introverted, reclusive 内向的
【考法2】adj. 群居的:tending to group with others of the same kind
[例] ecologically define human as gregarious carnivore 从生态学上将人类定义为群居类肉食动物
[近] social
[反] solitary 独自的
symbol: [grɪ'geriəs]
zhuji: 【记】greg群体
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position: (11, 6)

正面: grieve
definition: 【考法】vt.(使)感到悲伤:to(cause to)feel deep sadness or mental pain
[例] We all grieved over the lost cat. 我们都为那只丢失的猫感到伤心。
[近] agonize, anguish, suffer, bemoan, bewail, deplore
[反] delight, exult in, glory in, joy, rejoice in 感到高兴
symbol: [gri:v]
zhuji3000: 【根】 griev [grav] + -e [v.], 使 (心情) 沉重 → vt. (使) 感到悲伤
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position: (11, 6)

正面: grimace
definition: 【考法】v./n. 因痛苦而面部扭曲,(作)怪相,(作)鬼脸:a sharp contortion of the face expressive of pain, disgust or disapproval
[例] She made a grimace when she tasted the medicine. 她尝了一口药,然后做了一个鬼脸。
[近] frown, moue, pout, scowl
symbol: [grɪ'meɪs]
zhuji: 【记】grim（adj 狰狞可怕的），ace＝face－可怕的脸一鬼脸读：鬼魅s或鬼没死－才有作鬼脸的可能性
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position: (11, 7)

正面: grin
definition: 【考法】v. 咧嘴笑,咧嘴笑着表示:to express an emotion(as amusement)by curving the lips upward
[例] The boss grinned his approval. 老板咧嘴一笑表示赞许。
[近] beam
[反] pout 噘嘴生气
symbol: [grɪn]
zhuji: 【记】源于grim鬼的露齿而笑－狰狞可怕的
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position: (11, 7)

正面: gripe
definition: 【考法1】vi. 抱怨:to express dissatisfaction, pain, or resentment usually tiresomely
[例] All workers were griping about the new regulations. 所有的工人都在抱怨新规章。
[近] carp, fuss, grouch, grouse, grumble, wail
[反] crow, delight, rejoice 欢快,喜悦
【考法2】vt.(通过连续让人讨厌的举动)激怒,惹怒:to disturb the peace of mind of(someone)especially by repeated disagreeable acts
[例] Constant complaints from the customers griped her to the point where she started snapping back. 顾客持续的抱怨激怒了她,让她也到了爆点,想要反驳回去。
[近] aggravate, annoy, bother, chafe, exasperate, nettle, peeve, pique, rile, ruffle, vex
symbol: [graɪp]
zhuji: 【记】gripe＝grow ripe变得成熟－又老了一岁，很多人会抱怨。Gripe源于grasp（n /v 抓住；掌握），所以gripping（adj 引起人注意的）
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position: (11, 7)

正面: grisly
definition: 【考法】adj. 令人反感的,令人恐惧的:inspiring repugnance; gruesome
[例] a series grisly murders 一系列令人恐惧的谋杀
[近] appalling, dreadful, ghastly, gruesome, hideous, horrifying, macabre
symbol: ['grɪzli]
zhuji: 【记】g鬼，ris＝rise，ly：鬼升起来了！＝恐怖的，可怕的
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position: (11, 7)

正面: groove
definition: 【考法】v. 享受,极其满意,过得快活:to take pleasure in
[例] Thrill-seekers who groove on skiing will love snowboarding. 那些乐在滑雪中的追求刺激的人们也会喜欢滑雪板的。‖just sitting around, grooving on the music 随便坐坐,在音乐中享受一下
[近] adore, fancy, savor, relish, get off on, rejoice in, revel in, delight in
symbol: [gru:v]
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position: (11, 7)

正面: grotesque
definition: 【考法】adj. 难看的:unpleasant to look at
[例] That bloody Halloween mask is grotesque. 那个血腥的万圣节面具丑死了。
[近] hideous, homely, ill-favored, monstrous, unappealing, unattractive, uncomely, unsightly
[反] aesthetic, attractive, beautiful, bonny, comely, fetching, gorgeous, knockout, ravishing, seemly, sightly, stunning, taking, well-favored 悦目的,吸引人的
symbol: [groʊ'tesk]
zhuji: 【记】源于grotto（n 人工岩洞：其中多凿有雕像等），grotesque 原指grotto里面的形状怪诞的图案（以一种奇异古怪的方式结合在一起的绘画雕塑和装饰风格）gro＝grow，tes＝test，que缺：在成长的过程中缺少智力测验，导致头大身小－奇形怪状的
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position: (11, 7)

正面: grovel
definition: 【考法】vi. 卑躬屈膝:to draw back or crouch down in fearful submission
[例] He made a groveling apology to the girl. 他放下身段,给那姑娘道歉。
[近] cringe, creep, slither, wriggle
[派] groveler n. 卑躬屈膝者:the one who lies with the body prostrate in token of subservience or abasement
symbol: ['grɑ:vl]
zhuji: 【记】建立场景：两个角斗士（gladiator：见到别人生病ia就高兴glad的人tor）在grove（grow five）小树林里决斗，其中一方输了，要卑躬屈膝，单膝跪倒，还要一手把剑l插在地上。Grove＋l＝grovel－卑躬屈膝
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position: (11, 7)

正面: grueling
definition: 【考法】adj. 费时间花心思的:requiring much time, effort, or careful attention
[例] Cutting diamonds can be grueling work. 切割钻石是项劳神的活儿。
[近] arduous, burdensome, laborious, onerous, taxing, toilsome, undemanding, facile 不费力气的
symbol: ['gru:əlɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】gruel（vt 使极度紧张；用重罚或逼供等使精疲力尽；n 稀粥）g鬼，ruel＝rule（规则）鬼的规则就是上夜班－使精疲力尽回忆：garrulity（n 饶舌；多嘴）嘎嘎规则－鸭子规则因为比赛很cruel残酷，所以grueling。
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position: (11, 7)

正面: guile
definition: 【考法】n. 狡猾,狡诈:the inclination or practice of misleading others through lies or trickery
[例] A person so full of guile he can't even be trusted to give you the correct time of day. 他这个人狡诈成性,说的话都不足为信。
[近] artfulness, canniness, craft, cunningness, deviousness, slyness, subtleness, wiliness
[反] artlessness, forthrightness, ingenuousness, sincerity 朴实
[派] guileless adj. 朴实的:free of guile; artless
[反] manipulative 操纵的
symbol: [gaɪl]
zhuji: 【记】拼：贵了－东西买贵了－被骗了
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position: (11, 7)

正面: guilt
definition: 【考法】n. 自责,悔恨:a feeling of responsibility for wrongdoing
[例] He was wracked with guilt after he accidentally broke his younger sister's antique grandfather clock. 在不小心弄坏他妹妹的古董老爷钟后,他备受自责的折磨。
[近] contrition, penitence, remorse, repentance, self-reproach, shame
[反] impenitence, remorselessness 无悔意
symbol: [gɪlt]
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position: (11, 7)

正面: gull
definition: 【考法】vt. 欺骗:to cause to believe what is untrue
[例] We were gulled into believing that if we answered the e-mail, we'd somehow become millionaires, but instead we just got put on a list for junk mail. 我们误以为只要回复了那封邮件,就能变身百万富翁,后来发现我们只不过是群发的垃圾邮件名单上的一员而已。
[近] bamboozle, beguile, cozen, delude, dupe, fake out, gaff, hoax, hoodwink, snooker, string along, take in
[反] undeceive 使醒悟
symbol: [gʌl]
zhuji3000: 【记】 来自gull [鸥],它的特点是贪吃,“会吃任何人抛给它的食物” (有一个恶作剧就是给海鸥喂食带有泻药的食物,然后海滨度假的人落荒而逃),即轻信, 易受骗 → v. 欺骗
【联】 gullible ['􀱹ʌləbl] [a. 易受骗的, 易被利用的]
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position: (11, 8)

正面: gullible
definition: 【考法】adj. 易受骗的,易被利用的:easily duped or cheated, readily taken advantage of
[例] They sell overpriced souvenirs to gullible tourists. 他们卖高价纪念品给易上当的旅客们。
[近] dewy-eyed, exploitable, naive, susceptible, unwary, wide-eyed
symbol: ['gʌləbl]
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position: (11, 8)

正面: gush
definition: 【考法1】v.(使)大量涌出:to(cause to)flow forth suddenly in great volume
[例] water gushing from the hydrant 水从消防栓中喷出
[近] exodus, outpour, outpouring, spout
[反] dribble, drip, drop, trickle 涓涓细流,滴
【考法2】v.(使)感情强烈外溢:to make an exaggerated display of affection or enthusiasm
[例] an aunt gushing over the baby 对着婴儿母爱泛滥的姑姑
[近] drool, effuse, enthuse, fuss, rave, slobber
symbol: [gʌ∫]
zhuji: 【记】拼：故事－需要滔滔不绝的讲回忆：盖世太保gash（n 砍得很深的伤口）
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position: (11, 8)

正面: gust
definition: 【考法】n. 情感爆发:a sudden intense expression of strong feeling
[例] The stressed-out coworker cried out with a gust of emotion. 压力巨大的同事开始嚎啕大哭。
[近] burst, ebullition, eruption, explosion, flush, gush
symbol: [gʌst]
zhuji: 【记】源于古希腊的食神加斯特Gust，他经常到人间品尝美味佳肴，所以gust原指美味和个人癖好两个意思，但是Gust脾气暴躁，如果尝不到美味佳肴就会勃然大怒兴风作浪，后引申为突然的强风。
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position: (11, 8)

正面: guzzle
definition: 【考法】v. 狂饮:to drink especially liquor greedily, continually, or habitually
[例] guzzle beer 狂饮啤酒
[近] gulp, quaff, swig, booze, soak, tipple
symbol: ['gʌzl]
zhuji: 【记】看成古天乐；参：guttle（v 狼吞虎咽）
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position: (11, 8)

正面: hack
definition: 【考法1】n. 雇佣文人:a writer who aims solely for commercial success
【考法2】v. 乱砍;开辟:to cut or chop with repeated and irregular blows
[例] hacking out new election districts 开辟新的选区
【考法3】vt. 成功完成:to deal with(something)usually skillfully or efficiently
[例] just couldn't hack the new job 无法搞定新工作
[近] address, contend with, cope with, manage, maneuver, manipulate
【考法4】v. 忍受:to put up with(something painful or difficult)
[例] She's not sure she can hack that miserable job much longer. 她不知道还能忍受那项苦逼的工作多久。
[近] abide, bide, brook, endure, handle, stand, stomach, sustain, tolerate
symbol: [hæk]
zhuji: 【记】读：黑客－喜欢在别人的主页上乱侃（乱砍），当然有时候是受雇于人的，充当一下雇佣文人的角色，而雇佣文人写出文章的特点是陈腐平庸的，这主要是因为他们的眼睛看到的东西是陈腐平庸的hackneyed见下
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position: (11, 8)

正面: hackneyed
definition: 【考法】adj. 陈腐的,缺乏创新的:lacking in freshness or originality
[例] hackneyed slogans 老掉牙的口号
[近] banal, cliché, commonplace, hack, threadbare, trite, well-worn, stereotyped
[反] fresh, offbeat, original, novel 新鲜的
symbol: ['hæknid]
zhuji: 【记】来自伦敦近郊城镇（哈克尼）养的哈克尼马（用来当出租车）：由于过于频繁的使用而变得陈腐和平庸hack，n，eye，d：黑客的眼睛是陈腐的（见上）
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position: (11, 8)

正面: halcyon
definition: 【考法1】adj. 宁静的,平静的:free from storms or physical disturbance
[近] hushed, peaceful, placid, serene, tranquil, untroubled
[反] tempestuous, stormy, agitated, inclement, restless, rough, turbulent, unquiet, unsettled 暴风雨的;暴躁的
【考法2】adj. 繁荣的,丰富的:prosperous, affluent, vigorous growth and well-being especially economically
[例] halcyon years 丰年
[近] booming, flourishing, lush, palmy, prospering, roaring, thriving
[反] miserable, depressed, unprosperous 萧条的
symbol: ['hælsiən]
zhuji: 【记】原指神翠鸟－一种神话中的鸟，据说当它在冬至期间在海上筑巢时，具有平息风浪的力量hal＝hall（n 会堂；大厅；礼堂）需要平静，安静根hal是呼吸的意思－只能听见呼吸的声音－安静的
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position: (11, 8)

正面: hale
definition: 【考法1】adj. 强壮的,健壮的:free from infirmity or illness; sound
[例] a hale and hearty old lady 硬朗矍铄的老奶奶
[近] bouncing, fit, robust, sound, well-conditioned, wholesome
[反] effete, infirm, anemic, wan, decrepit, blighted 衰弱的,衰老的
【考法2】vt. 拖,拉:to cause to follow by applying steady force on
[例] The fishermen haled the huge net onto the deck of the ship. 渔民们将巨大的渔网拖到渔船甲板上。
[近] drag, draw, haul, lug, tow, tug
[反] drive, propel, push 推
symbol: [heɪl]
zhuji: 【记】hal呼吸e－呼吸得好－精神矍铄的
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position: (11, 8)

正面: half-baked
definition: 【考法】adj. 不明智的:showing or marked by a lack of good sense or judgment
[例] a half-baked scheme 不明智的计划
[近] daffy, daft, dippy, harebrained, half-witted, preposterous
[反] judicious, prudent, sagacious, sapient, sensible, sound, wise 明智的
symbol: [ˌhæf 'beɪkt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 half [半] + baked [烤的], 烤了一半 (因而不熟), 不成熟的 → a. 不明智的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (11, 8)

正面: hallmark
definition: 【考法】n. 典型的特征:a conspicuous feature or characteristic
[例] The sense of guilt is the hallmark of civilized humanity. 内疚是人类文明的特征。
[近] ensign, impresa, logo, symbol, totem, trademark
[反] uncharacteristic feature 不典型的特征
symbol: ['hɔ:lmɑ:rk]
zhuji: 【记】mark（n 标志；分数；记号）
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (11, 9)

正面: hallow
definition: 【考法】vt. 尊敬,把…视为神圣:to respect or honor greatly; revere
[近] consecrate, sacralize, sanctify
[反] desecrate, deconsecrate, desacralize, desanctify 亵渎
symbol: ['hæloʊ]
zhuji: 【记】神人特牛，他的存在使hall都low了
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (11, 9)

正面: hallucination
definition: 【考法】n. 错觉:a false idea or belief
[例] Some people have the common hallucination that gluttony during the holiday season doesn't have consequences. 一些人有种错觉,认为假期里暴饮暴食不会有什么结果。
[近] chimera, daydream, delusion, fancy, figment, illusion
[反] truth, verity
symbol: [həˌlu:sɪ'neɪ∫n]
zhuji3000: 【联】 hall [hallow] + luc [light] + in + -ation [n.], 圣光 → 错觉
【联】 hallow [v. 将…视为神圣, 使…神圣], Halloween [n. 万圣节], holy [a. 神圣的]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (11, 9)

正面: ham-handed
definition: 【考法】adj. 笨手笨脚的:lacking dexterity or grace
[例] too ham-handed to use one of those tiny cell phones 手指太不灵活了,用不了那种迷你型手机
[近] awkward, handless, heavy-handed, maladroit, unhandy
[反] deft, dexterous, handy, sure-handed, adroit 敏捷的
symbol: ['hæmhændɪd]
zhuji: 【记】ham（n 火腿），handed手：手长得象火腿－笨手笨脚的
zhuji3000: 【根】 ham [火腿] + hand [手] + -ed [a.], 手像猪爪子似的 → a. 笨手笨脚的
[注] 近义词heavy-handed [a. 笨手笨脚的], 指“手大、笨重”,因此“不灵活”
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (11, 9)

正面: hammer
definition: 【考法】v. 屡次重申:to make repeated efforts especially: to reiterate an opinion or attitude
[例] The lectures all hammered away at the same points. 整场讲座都是在阐述相同的论点。‖hammer the information into the students' heads反复向学生们强调这条信息
symbol: ['hæmər]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (11, 9)

正面: hamper
definition: 【考法】vt. 阻碍:to restrict the movement of by bonds or obstacles: impede
[例] Construction is hampering traffic on the highway. 高速路上的建设阻碍了正常交通。
[近] cramp, encumber, fetter, handicap, hinder, impede, stymie, trammel
[反] facilitate, aid, assist, help 促进
symbol: ['hæmpər]
zhuji: 【记】用hammer锤你－阻挠，妨碍
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (11, 9)

正面: hamstring
definition: 【考法】vt. 使无效,使无力:to make ineffective or powerless
[例] The downtown development committee claims that it's hamstrung by city ordinances. 市中心发展委员会声称它受到了城市法令的阻碍。
[近] cripple, immobilize, incapacitate, prostrate
symbol: ['hæmstrɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】ham＝harm（v 伤害），string绳子，腿腱：使残废，使无效
zhuji3000: 【根】 ham [大腿, 火腿] + string [线, 筋], (割断) 腿筋, 使无力走路 → vt. 使无效,使无力
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (11, 9)

正面: hangdog
definition: 【考法】adj. 伤心的,沮丧的:sad, dejected
[例] She came home with a hangdog expression on her face. 她一脸沮丧地回到了家。
[近] crestfallen, dejected, despondent, disconsolate, doleful, melancholy, sorrowful
[反] buoyant, elated, sprightly, blissful, delighted, joyous, jubilant, upbeat 热情高涨的
symbol: ['hæŋdɔ:g]
zhuji: 【记】原指像狗dog一样被吊hang死的人－垂头丧气的
zhuji3000: 【根】 hang [吊] + dog [狗], 被吊起来的狗 (处于惨淡的处境) → a. 伤心的,沮丧的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (11, 9)

正面: hanker
definition: 【考法】v./n. 向往,渴望:to have a strong or persistent desire: yearn
[例] hanker for adventure 渴望冒险
[近] appetite, craving, hunger, itch, longing, lust, passion, thirst, yearning
[反] odium, lack of desire 讨厌
symbol: ['hæŋkər]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (11, 9)

正面: haphazard
definition: 【考法】adj. 无秩序的,无目标的:marked by lack of plan, order, or direction
[例] We were given a haphazard tour of the city. 我们进行了一次城市漫游。
[近] aimless, arbitrary, desultory, erratic, scattered, stray
[反] methodical, systematic, nonrandom, orderly, organized, regular 系统的,有序的
symbol: [hæp'hæzərd]
zhuji: 【记】hap（n 偶然；运气），hazard（n 冒险；危险）
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (11, 9)

正面: harangue
definition: 【考法】v./n.(发表)长篇大论:a long pompous speech, especially one delivered before a gathering
[例] She harangued us for hours about the evils of popular culture. 她向我们絮叨了好几小时,批判流行文化的堕落。
[近] diatribe, jeremiad, philippic, rant
[反] speak temperately 有节制地说话
symbol: [hə'ræŋ]
zhuji: 【记】har＝hard，angue＝argue：猛烈的辩论－长篇演说
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position: (11, 10)

正面: harass
definition: 【考法1】vt. 烦扰:to irritate or torment persistently
[例] The troops harrassed the defeated army throughout its retreat. 战胜的队伍在撤退过程中还不忘突袭一下败北的队伍。
【考法2】vt. 耗尽…的体力:to use up all the physical energy of
[例] The president had been visibly harassed by the demands of the presidency. 总统被事务缠身,筋疲力尽。
[近] drain, fag, fatigue, outwear, tire, tucker out, wear out, knock out, burn out
symbol: ['hærəs]
zhuji: 【记】har＝hard，ass（n 驴）－强硬的驴－不断地激怒
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (11, 10)

正面: harbinger
definition: 【考法】n. 预言者:one that presages or foreshadows what is to come
[例] The October air stung my cheeks, a harbinger of winter. 十月的寒风凛冽地吹在脸上,这是冬天的预兆。
[近] foregoer, herald, outrider, precursor
symbol: ['hɑ:rbɪnʤər]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (11, 10)

正面: harbor
definition: 【考法1】vt. 提供住处,隐匿:to provide a place, home, or habitat for
[例] harbor a fugitive 隐匿逃亡者
[近] accommodate, bestow, board, camp, chamber, domicile, lodge, quarter, take in, put up
[反] evict 赶出
【考法2】vt. 心怀,牢记:to keep in one's mind or heart
[例] He had long harbored a grudge against his old employer, who had fired him without cause. 他对前老板一直耿耿于怀,因为他无缘无故炒了他。
[近] bear, cherish, entertain, hold, nurse
symbol: ['hɑ:rbər]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (11, 10)

正面: hard-bitten
definition: 【考法】adj. 顽强的,经受得住困境、压力的:able to withstand hardship, strain, or exposure
[例] Hard-bitten Chinese people could endure both the scorching heat and the freezing cold. 坚强勇敢的中国人民既能受得住酷暑,又能受得住严寒。
[近] hardened, sturdy, tough, cast-iron, inured, rugged, stout, vigorous, hardy
[反] delicate, nonhardy, soft, tender, weak 柔弱的
symbol: [hɑ:rd'bɪtn]
zhuji: 【记】hard，bitten（咬）－很难咬的－顽强的
zhuji3000: 【根】 hard [坚强] + bitten [bite [咬] 的过去分词], 坚强地咬 (牙) → a. 顽强的,经受得住困境、压力的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (11, 10)

正面: hardy
definition: 【考法1】adj. 顽强的:able to withstand hardship, strain, or exposure
[例] Chrysanthemums are hardy enough to survive a light frost. 菊花能够经受霜打。
[近] hardened, sturdy, tough, cast-iron, inured, rugged, stout, vigorous, hard-bitten
[反] delicate, nonhardy, soft, tender, weak 柔弱的
【考法2】adj. 愿意冒风险的:inclined or willing to take risks
[例] hardy souls who pioneered new paths into outer space 那些愿意冒险探索外太空的先驱们
[近] adventurous, audacious, daring, dashing, emboldened, enterprising, gutsy, venturous
[反] unadventurous, unenterprising 没有冒险精神的
symbol: ['hɑ:rdi]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (11, 10)

正面: harmonious
definition: 【考法】adj. 和谐一致的:having the parts agreeably related
[例] a harmonious arrangement of archways and doorways in the palace courtyard 宫殿的庭院、拱门和门廊排列有序协调
[近] balanced, congruous, consonant, eurythmic, harmonic, accordant, coherent, compatible, concordant, conformable, congruent, consonant, correspondent, nonconflicting
[反] disharmonic, disharmonious, incongruous, unbalanced 不协调的;conflicting, incompatible, incongruous, inconsistent 冲突的
symbol: [hɑ:r'moʊniəs]
zhuji: 【记】harmony（n 协调；融洽）
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (11, 10)

正面: harness
definition: 【考法】vt. 利用:utilize
[例] harness the sun's rays as a source of energy 利用阳光作为一种能源
[近] apply, employ, exercise, exploit, operate, utilize
[反] fail to utilize 没能够利用
symbol: ['hɑ:rnɪs]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (11, 10)

正面: harrow
definition: 【考法】vt. 折磨,使苦恼:to inflict great distress or torment on
[例] The villagers were gaunt and sickly, harrowed by years of disease and starvation. 村民们枯瘦如柴,体弱多病,都是被多年的疾病和饥饿折磨的。
[近] agonize, beset, besiege, torment, torture, excruciate, plague
[反] assuage 减轻(苦恼)
symbol: ['hæroʊ]
zhuji: 【记】读：hard肉，只有使遭受巨大的悲伤和折磨，才能有特别hard的肉。
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (11, 10)

正面: harry
definition: 【考法】vt. 不断烦扰,骚扰:to disturb or distress by or as if by repeated attacks; harass
[反] comfort, mollify 安慰
Every man's work, whether it be literature of music of pictures or architecture of anything else, is always a portrait of himself.
每个人的工作,不管是文学、音乐、美术、建筑还是其他工作,都是自己的一幅画像。
——美国教育家 勃特勒(Samuel Brtler, American educator)
California, Annenberg School of journalism and Communication, Public Diplomacy)
symbol: ['hæri]
zhuji: 【记】有人harry你，你就hurry跑
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (11, 10)

正面: harsh
definition: 【考法1】adj. 粗糙的,不具有美感的:unpleasantly coarse and rough to the touch, disagreeable to one's aesthetic or artistic sense
[例] The harsh lighting in the cafeteria makes the food look slightly off-color. 咖啡厅劣质刺眼的灯光让食物看起来卖相不佳。
[近] grating, grotesque, jarring, unaesthetic
[反] soft, aesthetic 柔和的,有美感的
【考法2】adj. 严厉的:unduly exacting, given to exacting standards of discipline and self-restraint
[例] a harsh judge when it comes to drug users and especially drug dealers 对瘾君子特别是毒贩处罚格外严厉的法官
[近] afflicting, agonizing, cruel, excruciating, galling, grievous, harrowing
[反] clement, forbearing, gentle, indulgent, lax, lenient, tolerant 温和的,宽松的
symbol: [hɑ:r∫]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (12, 1)

正面: hasten
definition: 【考法】vt. 促进:to speed up; accelerate
[例] The man's death was hastened by alcohol abuse. 酗酒加速了这个人的死亡。
[近] accelerate, bundle, fast-track, rush, speed up
[反] slow the progress of, check, retard, brake, decelerate, retard, slow down 阻碍,放慢
symbol: ['heɪsn]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (12, 1)

正面: hasty
definition: 【考法】adj. 轻率的:fast and typically superficial; acting or done with excessive or careless speed
[例] a hasty decision 轻率的决定
[近] cursory, headlong, precipitate, rash, rushed, pell-mell
[反] deliberate, well-considered, unhurried, unrushed 深思熟虑的,不慌不忙的
symbol: ['heɪsti]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (12, 1)

正面: haunt
definition: 【考法1】vt. 常去拜访:to visit often; frequent
[例] haunt the movie theater 常去影院
[近] affect, habituate, visit, hang at, resort to
[反] avoid, shun 避开
【考法2】vt. 不断地想起,萦绕心头:to come to mind continually; obsess
[例] a riddle that haunted me all morning 整个早上萦绕在我心头的谜
symbol: [hɔ:nt]
zhuji: 【记】h＝home，aunt：姑奶奶家－常去的地方
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position: (12, 1)

正面: hauteur
definition: 【考法】n. 傲慢,自大:haughtiness in bearing and attitude; arrogance
[例] He looked at her with the hauteur of someone who is accustomed to being instantly obeyed. 他看着她,带着向来被顺从惯了的傲慢。
[近] bumptiousness, imperiousness, peremptoriness, pomposity, presumptuousness, pretentiousness, superciliousness, superiority
[反] humility, humbleness, modesty, unassumingness, unpretentiousness 谦虚
symbol: [hɔ:'tɜ:r]
zhuji: 【记】haut＝high高高在上的－傲慢自大
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position: (12, 1)

正面: haven
definition: 【考法】n. 安全的地方:a place of safety
[例] a haven for artists 艺术家们的圣地
[近] asylum, harbor, refuge, retreat, sanctuary
[反] unsafe place, dangerous place 不安全的地方
symbol: ['heɪvn]
zhuji: 【记】源于heaven（n 天空；天堂）是神仙的避难所have，n：有一个n（山洞）当作避难所
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position: (12, 1)

正面: havoc
definition: 【考法1】n. 大混乱:a state in which everything is out of order
[例] The blackout caused havoc in the city. 断电造成了城市一片混乱。
[近] disarrangement, disarray, dishevelment, muddle, muss, tumble, welter
[反] order, orderliness 有序
【考法2】n. 大范围破坏:the state or fact of being rendered nonexistent, physically unsound, or useless
[例] The powerful hurricane wreaked havoc all along the coast. 威力巨大的飓风摧毁着沿岸的一切。
[近] annihilation, decimation, demolishment, desolation, devastation, extermination, extinction, obliteration, ruin, wreckage
[反] building, construction, erection, raising 建设
symbol: ['hævək]
zhuji: 【记】hav＝have，oc＝occur（v 发生）－有很多事发生－混乱无序ha哈，voc声霸卡存储的声音文件格式：哈哈哈的声音－混乱
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position: (12, 1)

正面: headlong
definition: 【考法】adj. 鲁莽的:without deliberation
[例] terrified forest creatures in a headlong retreat from the rapidly spreading fire 受惊的动物们惊慌失措地从不断蔓延的森林大火中逃离出来
[近] cursory, overhasty, precipitate, precipitous, rash, pell-mell, helter-skelter
[反] deliberate, unhurried, unrushed 深思熟虑的
symbol: ['hedlɔ:ŋ]
zhuji: 【记】head头，long长－是因为轻率鲁莽的（地）
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position: (12, 1)

正面: hearken
definition: 【考法】vi. 倾听,关注:to give respectful attention
[近] attend, harken, heed, mind
[反] ignore 不理睬
symbol: ['hɑ:rkən]
zhuji: 【记】hear听，ken肯：肯听－注意地倾听
zhuji3000: 【联】 hear [听] + ken [keen, 热心的], 热心地听 → vi. 倾听,关注
【联】 词组 (be) keen on表示“热爱”
[注] harken [倾听, 关注] 是hearken的变体
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (12, 1)

正面: hearten
definition: 【考法】vt. 给予鼓励,鼓舞:to give strength, courage, or hope to; encourage
[例] Thinking we were hopelessly lost, we were heartened by the sight of a familiar farmhouse. 悲催地以为我们完全迷路了时,前方一座熟悉的农场给了我们新的希望。
[近] embolden, inspire, inspirit, buck up, buoy up, cheer up
[反] daunt, dismay, discourage, dishearten, dispirit 使胆怯
symbol: ['hɑ:rtn]
zhuji3000: 【根】 heart [信心] + -en [v. 使], 使有信心 → vt. 给予鼓励,鼓舞
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position: (12, 1)

正面: heartrending
definition: 【考法】adj. 令人心碎的:causing intense sorrow or distress
[例] a heartrending choice between saving his mother or his wife 先救老妈还是先救老婆的纠结选择
symbol: ['hɑ:rtˌrendɪŋ]
zhuji3000: 【根】 heart [心] + rend [撕破] + -ing [a.], rending heart → a. 令人心碎的
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position: (12, 2)

正面: hedonism
definition: 【考法】n. 享乐主义:the doctrine that pleasure or happiness is the sole or chief good in life
[例] Their spring break trip to Mexico became an exercise in heedless hedonism. 他们春季的墨西哥之行成为了一次未加注意的享乐之旅。
[近] carnality, debauchery, sybaritism, voluptuousness
[反] abstinence, asceticism, sobriety, temperance 禁欲,节制
symbol: ['hi:dənɪzəm]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (12, 2)

正面: hegemony
definition: 【考法】n. 霸权,统治权:preponderant influence or authority over others
[例] battle for hegemony in Asia 争夺在亚洲地区的霸权地位
[近] ascendancy, dominance, dominion, predominance, preeminence
[反] lack of authority 缺少权利
symbol: [hɪ'ʤemoʊni]
zhuji: 【记】he，gemony＝Germany：一、二战中的Germany取得了对若干国家的统治权he，ge＝get，mony＝money：他有了钱才能有统治权
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position: (12, 2)

正面: heinous
definition: 【考法】adj. 可憎的,十恶不赦的:hatefully or shockingly evil, abominable
[例] a heinous crime 十恶不赦的罪行
[反] commendable 值得赞美的
symbol: ['heɪnəs]
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position: (12, 2)

正面: hew
definition: 【考法1】vi. 遵守:confirm, adhere, to hold to something firmly as if by adhesion
[例] hew to tradition 遵守传统
[近] adhere, cling, conform
【考法2】v. 支持:to give steadfast support to
[例] He was no longer able to hew to the party line, so he switched political parties. 不再赞同该党的纲领,他投奔了另一个党。
[近] cling to, keep to, stand by, stick to
[反] defect from 脱离,叛变
symbol: [hju:]
zhuji: 【记】早上砍伐hew树木时露珠dew被震下来。
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position: (12, 2)

正面: herald
definition: 【考法1】vt. 告知,宣布:to make known openly or publicly
[例] herald the great tidings to all the world 将重大消息告知全世界
[近] annunciate, broadcast, declare, enunciate, proclaim, promulgate
【考法2】vt. 预示,预兆:to give a slight indication of beforehand
[例] The reshuffle of the company's management heralded the sweeping changes to come. 公司管理层的重新洗牌预示着即将到来的巨大变革。
[近] adumbrate, forerun, harbinger, prefigure
symbol: ['herəld]
zhuji: 【记】her，ald＝old：她已经是老巫婆了－先驱，预兆
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position: (12, 2)

正面: heresy
definition: 【考法】n. 异教,和普遍观点相悖的说法:a controversial or unorthodox opinion or doctrine, departure from a generally accepted theory, opinion, or practice
[例] the heresy of asserting that Shakespeare was not a great writer 声称莎士比亚不是伟大作家的非主流观点
[近] dissent, dissidence, heterodoxy, nonconformity
[反] dogma, conformity, orthodoxy 正教,正统
symbol: ['herəsi]
zhuji: 【记】here异，sy＝say说异端邪说
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position: (12, 2)

正面: heretical
definition: 【考法】adj. 异教的,异端邪说的:departure from established beliefs or standards
[例] The belief that women should be allowed to have careers outside the home was once considered heretical. 女人应该拥有自己的事业这一观点一度被认为是异端邪说。
[近] heterodox, nonconformist, unconventional, unorthodox
[反] conforming, conformist, conventional, orthodox 正统的
symbol: [hə'retɪkl]
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position: (12, 2)

正面: hermetic
definition: 【考法】adj. 深奥的:relating to or characterized by occultism or abstruseness
[例] wrote hermetic poetry 写晦涩难懂的诗歌
[近] abstruse, arcane, esoteric, recondite
[反] easily comprehended, shallow, superficial 容易理解的,肤浅的
symbol: [hɜ:r'metɪk]
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position: (12, 2)

正面: hesitance
definition: 【考法】n. 犹豫,不情愿:the quality or state of being hesitant, reluctance
[例] Sales figures for the month were up, as consumers began to overcome their hesitance about purchasing big-ticket items. 月销售额有所上涨,因为消费者对于大件商品的购买由观望转向消费。
[近] faltering, indecision, irresolution, vacillation, wavering, wobbling
[反] alacrity, impetuosity, inclination, willingness 冲动,乐意
symbol: ['hezɪtəns]
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position: (12, 2)

正面: heterodox
definition: 【考法】adj. 非正统的,异端的:holding unorthodox opinions or doctrines, not rigidly following established form, custom, or rules
[例] Her heterodox approach to teaching science initially met with some resistance from her peers. 她对于教学的一些非正统方法最开始受到了同辈的抵触。
[近] dissenting, out-there, unconventional, unorthodox
[反] conforming, conventional, orthodox, regular, routine 正常的,正统的
symbol: ['hetərədɑ:ks]
zhuji: 【记】hetero异，dox思想－异端的
zhuji3000: 【根】 hetero- [other] + dox [opinion], of other opinion → a. 异端的,非正统的
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position: (12, 3)

正面: hidebound
definition: 【考法】adj. 死板的,极度保守的:tending to favor established ideas, conditions, or institutions
[例] The hidebound innkeeper refused to see the need for a Web site. 死板的旅店老板坚决不肯装宽带。
[近] archconservative, brassbound, die-hard, old-fashioned, standpat, ultraconservative
[反] broad-minded, large-minded, liberal, nonconservative, nonconventional, nonorthodox, nontraditional, open-minded, progressive 进步的,开放包容的
symbol: ['haɪdbaʊnd]
zhuji: 【记】hide（n 兽皮），bound（v 跳跃；绑；包裹）－皮包骨的－这种人的思想是偏狭顽固的、迂腐守旧的，所以瘦得皮包骨
zhuji3000: 【联】 hide [隐藏, 隐形] + bound [范围, bind束缚] → 思想上的枷锁 → a. 死板的,极度保守的
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position: (12, 3)

正面: hideous
definition: 【考法】adj. 非常丑陋的:exceedingly ugly
[例] The old man wore a hideous Halloween mask that made the kids all jump with fright. 老头戴着一个丑陋的万圣节面具,把小孩子全都吓跑了。
[近] homely, ill-favored, monstrous, uncomely, unsightly
[反] pulchritudinous, aesthetic, attractive, comely, gorgeous, handsome, knockout, ravishing, seemly, stunning, taking, well-favored 美丽的,有吸引力的
[派] hideousness n. 丑陋
[反] affinity 吸引力
symbol: ['hɪdiəs]
zhuji: 【记】hide（v 躲藏），ous多－因为令人讨厌而总是躲藏起来
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position: (12, 3)

正面: hie
definition: 【考法】vi. 匆匆忙忙:to go quickly, hasten
[例] We had best hie home before the rain gets worse. 我们最好在雨下大之前赶快回家。
[近] bustle, dash, hustle, scoot, scurry, scuttle, shoot, trot
[反] dawdle, crawl, creep, poke 闲荡,爬行
symbol: [haɪ]
zhuji: 【记】源于hie，hie，hie的赶马车的声音
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position: (12, 3)

正面: hike
definition: 【考法】v.(使)上涨:to(cause to)rise up, to move from a lower to a higher place or position
[例] hike rents 涨租金
[近] boost, elevate, heighten, hoist, upraise
[反] backset, drop, lower 使倒退,下降
symbol: [haɪk]
zhuji: 【记】读：骇客（帝国），联想最后女主角突然跳起定格的一幕。我like hike徒步旅行。
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position: (12, 3)

正面: hilarious
definition: 【考法】adj. 非常好笑的:marked by or causing hilarity: extremely funny
[例] hilarious cartoons that the whole family can enjoy 适合全家观看的搞笑动画片
[近] hysterical, ludicrous, ridiculous, screaming, sidesplitting, uproarious
[反] humorless, lame, unamusing, uncomic, unfunny 不好笑的
symbol: [hɪ'leriəs]
zhuji: 【记】hilar高兴，ious－高兴的hil＝hill出去山上玩－高兴的exhilarate（vt 使高兴；使愉快）ex出，hil＝hill山：出去山上玩
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position: (12, 3)

正面: histrionic
definition: 【考法】adj. 戏剧的;演员的:of or relating to actors, acting, or the theater
[例] a penchant for dish throwing, door slamming, and other histrionic displays of temper 有倾向做出一些砸盘子、摔门和其他一些电视剧里的经典生气动作
[近] melodramatic, operatic, stagy, theatrical
[反] undramatic 平淡无奇的
symbol: [ˌhɪstri'ɑ:nɪk]
zhuji: 【记】源于historic（adj 历史上著名的），因为当时的演员都演历史剧所以演变成现在的意思。
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position: (12, 3)

正面: hive
definition: 【考法1】n. 忙碌之地:a place swarming with activity
[例] The house was a hive of activity as we prepared for the party. 我们筹备派对时,房子里很是熙熙攘攘。
【考法2】v. 储备,积累:to store up; accumulate
symbol: [haɪv]
zhuji: 【记】最hive的地方就是最好hide的地方，所以应live在hive里。
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position: (12, 3)

正面: hoard
definition: 【考法】v. 贮藏,秘藏:to keep hidden or private
[例] He's been hoarding empty yogurt containers all winter. 他整个冬天都在攒空酸奶瓶。
[近] cache, stash, stockpile, store, squirrel, stockpile
[反] lavish 挥霍
symbol: [hɔ:rd]
zhuji: 【记】把东西hoard到board（n 木板）后边。
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position: (12, 3)

正面: hoary
definition: 【考法】adj. 极老的:extremely old
[例] hoary legends 上古的传说故事
[近] aged, antique, dateless, immemorial, antediluvian
[反] modern, new, recent 新的
symbol: ['hɔ:ri]
zhuji: 【记】人一旦hoarse，就会hoary
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position: (12, 3)

正面: hoax
definition: 【考法】n./vt. 欺骗:to cause to believe what is untrue
[例] a skilled forger who hoaxed the art world into believing that the paintings were long-lost Vermeers 一个老道的骗子成功让艺术界相信那些画作是遗失多年的维米尔的真迹
[近] bamboozle, beguile, bluff, con, cozen, delude, dupe, fake out, gull, hoodwink, take in
symbol: [hoʊks]
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position: (12, 4)

正面: hodgepodge
definition: 【考法】n. 大杂烩:a mixture of dissimilar ingredients; a jumble
[例] a hodgepodge of styles 混搭风格‖The exhibit was a hodgepodge of mediocre art, bad art, and really bad art. 整场展览就是中庸、烂和非常烂的艺术作品的大杂烩。
[近] agglomeration, assortment, collage, medley, mishmash, pastiche, potpourri
symbol: ['hɑ:ʤpɑ:ʤ]
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position: (12, 4)

正面: homage
definition: 【考法】n. 尊敬,敬意:expression of high regard: respect
[例] Homage to Catalonia 向加泰罗尼亚致敬
[近] commendation, eulogy, hymn, paean, panegyric, salutation, tribute, dithyramb
[反] disrespect 不尊敬
symbol: ['hɑ:mɪʤ]
zhuji: 【记】hom＝hum人，age年纪一人上了年纪－敬意到了管理home的age年龄，应该知道homage别人。
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position: (12, 4)

正面: homely
definition: 【考法】adj. 其貌不扬的,朴素简单的:not attractive or good-looking
[例] homely truth 朴素的真理
[近] hideous, unappealing, unattractive, uncomely, unsightly
[反] pulchritudinous, aesthetic, attractive, beautiful, comely, gorgeous, handsome, knockout, lovely, pretty, ravishing, seemly, sightly, stunning, taking, well-favored 美丽的
symbol: ['hoʊmli]
zhuji: 【记】home（n 家），ly－（形容词）家常的；朴素的家花不如野花香－不漂亮的
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position: (12, 4)

正面: homily
definition: 【考法】n. 冗长乏味的道德讲演或训诫:a tedious moralizing lecture or admonition
[例] a TV movie filled with the usual hokey homilies about people triumphing over life's adversities 一档说教性质的、充满了介绍逆境中的人们如何成就自我的电视节目
[近] banality, bromide, chestnut, cliché, groaner, platitude, shibboleth
symbol: ['hɑ:məli]
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position: (12, 4)

正面: homogenize
definition: 【考法】vt. 使统一化:to make agree with a single established standard or model
[例] plans to homogenize the science curriculum in public high schools throughout the state 计划将全州的公立高中的课程安排统一化
[近] formalize, normalize, regularize
symbol: [hə'mɑ:ʤənaɪz]
zhuji3000: 【记】 homo- [same] + gen [genus, 类, 种] + -ize [v.], make the same genus → vt. 使统一化
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position: (12, 4)

正面: hone
definition: 【考法】vt. 磨快:to sharpen or smooth with a whetstone
[例] hone the knife's blade to razor-like sharpness 把小刀磨得像剃刀一样锋利‖He honed his crossword-puzzle skills by reading the dictionary. 他通过背字典把填词游戏的水平练得炉火纯青。
[近] edge, grind, strop, whet
[反] blunt, dull 弄钝
symbol: [hoʊn]
zhuji: 【记】磨刀hone hone向猪羊
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position: (12, 4)

正面: hoodwink
definition: 【考法】vt. 欺骗:to take in by deceptive means; deceive
[例] Don't let yourself be hoodwinked into buying things you don't need. 别被忽悠着去买用不着的东西。
[近] beguile, con, delude, dupe, fool, hoax, humbug
[反] disabuse 消除…的错误念头
symbol: ['hʊdwɪŋk]
zhuji: 【记】原指：用hood（n 帽兜）蒙住眼睛wink（v /n 眨眼）－欺骗hood帽兜，wink眨眼－眨眼之间从帽兜中变出－欺骗
zhuji3000: 【根】 hood [帽兜] + wink [眨眼] , 变魔术 → v. 欺骗
[注] hood可联想成“护 (头) 的”帽兜
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position: (12, 4)

正面: hortative
definition: 【考法】adj. 鼓励的:giving exhortation
symbol: ['hɔ:rtətɪv]
zhuji: 【记】hort敦促，ative－激励的
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position: (12, 4)

正面: hovel
definition: 【考法】n. 茅屋:a small, wretched, and often dirty house
[近] cabin, camp, hooch, hut, hutch, hutment, shanty
symbol: ['hʌvl]
zhuji: 【记】读：好味儿－又臭又脏的小屋
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position: (12, 4)

正面: hubris
definition: 【考法】n. 狂妄自大:exaggerated pride or self-confidence
[例] His failure was brought on by his hubris. 就是他的狂妄自大才导致了失败。
[反] humility 谦逊
symbol: ['hju:brɪs]
zhuji: 【记】hub（n 中心），ris＝rise－使自己从中心升起－目中无人；骄傲
zhuji3000: 【联】 hub [中心] + ris [rise], 升起中心 → n. 狂妄自大
[注] hub [n. 中心], 可以通过harbor [n. 港口] 进行联想记忆 (“港口”是交通的枢纽,“中心”)
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position: (12, 5)

正面: humble
definition: 【考法1】adj. 谦逊的:marked by meekness or modesty in behavior, attitude, or spirit; not arrogant or prideful
[例] a medical scientist who remained remarkably humble even after winning the Nobel Prize 获得诺贝尔奖之后仍然保持谦逊的医学家
[近] modest, unassuming, unpretentious, demure, down-to-earth
[反] arrogant, bumptious, conceited, egotistic, haughty, high-and-mighty, imperious, lordly, overweening, peremptory, pompous, presuming, presumptuous, pretentious, self-assertive, supercilious, superior, toplofty, uppish, uppity 傲慢的
【考法2】adj. 顺从的,谦卑的:showing, expressing, or offered in a spirit of humility or unseemly submissiveness
[例] Please accept my humble thanks. 请接受我的卑微的感谢。
[近] base, humble, menial, servile, slavish
symbol: ['hʌmbl]
zhuji: 【记】hum地，ble－五体投地的－低声下气的
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position: (12, 5)

正面: humility
definition: 【考法】n. 谦卑,谦逊:the absence of any feelings of being better than others
[例] Haughtiness invites disaster; humility receives benefit. 满招损,谦受益。
[近] demureness, humbleness, lowliness, meekness, modesty
[反] arrogance, assumption, bumptiousness, hauteur, pomposity, presumption, superciliousness 傲慢,自大
symbol: [hju:'mɪləti]
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position: (12, 5)

正面: humor
definition: 【考法1】n. 幽默,令人发笑的事物:something that is or is designed to be comical or amusing
[例] The speech is full of wit and humor. 演讲妙趣横生。
[近] comedy, comic, drollery, drollness, funniness, hilariousness
[反] pathos 令人伤感的事物
【考法2】vt. 迎合,迁就:to comply with the wishes or ideas of
[例] Parents need to know how to humor kids when they are upset. 父母需要知道当孩子烦躁的时候怎么哄孩子。
[近] cater, gratify, indulge
symbol: ['hju:mə]
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position: (12, 5)

正面: hurricane
definition: 【考法1】n. 飓风:a violent rotating storm or system of winds
[例] The hurricane struck the coast early today. 飓风今晨袭击了海岸。
[近] storm, typhoon
[反] calm 风平浪静
【考法2】n. 飓风般的事物,引起动荡的事物:something resembling a hurricane especially in its turmoil
[例] economic news that unleashed a hurricane on the trading floor 在交易大厅掀起轩然大波的经济新闻
[近] disturbance, furor, pandemonium, tumult, turmoil, uproar
symbol: ['hɜ:rəkən]
zhuji: 【记】hurri＝hurry，cane＝can：hurry一点就可以can逃脱hurricaneharridan（n 老巫婆）不hurry就变成dan了。
zhuji3000: 【联】 hurri [hurry] + cane [came], 匆忙地来 → n. 飓风;飓风般的事物,引起动荡的事物
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position: (12, 5)

正面: husband
definition: 【考法】vt. 节俭,勤俭持家:to use sparingly or economically
[例] Husbanding precious resources was part of rural life. 节俭使用珍贵的资源是农村生活的一部分。
[近] budget, conserve, economize
[反] dissipate, lavish, prodigalize, squander, waste 挥霍,浪费
[派] husbandly adj. 节俭的;husbandry n. 节俭
symbol: ['hʌzbənd]
zhuji: 【记】原指谨慎、节俭的经理，这种人才适合作丈夫，丈夫省钱老婆化钱
zhuji3000: 【记】 husband [丈夫] → v. 节俭,勤俭持家
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position: (12, 5)

正面: husk
definition: 【考法1】n.(果类或谷物的)外壳:a usually dry or membranous outer covering(as a pod or one composed of bracts)of various seeds and fruits(as barley and corn)
[例] a grey squirrel nibbling on a peanut husk 一个啃着花生壳的灰松鼠
[近] bark, chaff, hull, shell
[反] core, kernel 核
【考法2】vt. 剥去:to remove the natural covering of
[例] the tedious task of husking coconuts 无聊的任务——剥椰子
[近] bark, flay, hull, shell, shuck, skin
symbol: [hʌsk]
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position: (12, 5)

正面: husky
definition: 【考法1】adj.(尤指声音)沙哑的,粗糙的:hoarse or rough in quality
[例] a voice husky with emotion 富有感情的沙哑声音
[近] coarse, grating, gravelly, harsh, rasping, rusty, scratchy, throaty
[反] mellifluous(声音)甜蜜的,甜美的
【考法2】adj. 高大威猛的:big and muscular
[例] a very husky young man, built like a football player 一个体格像橄榄球运动员一样的高大的男孩
[近] beefy, burly, hefty, muscular, powerful, strapping, rugged
[反] dwarf 矮小的
symbol: ['hʌski]
zhuji: 【记】husk（n （水果或种子的无价值）外壳或荚）
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position: (12, 5)

正面: hybrid
definition: 【考法1】n. 杂交品种,混合品种:something of mixed origin or composition
[例] a hybrid of medieval and Renaissance styles 中世纪和文艺复兴的混搭风
[近] amalgam, bastard, compound, mixture, mule
【考法2】adj. 杂交的:being offspring produced by parents of different races, breeds, species, or genera
[例] a hybrid rose called“American Beauty”一种被称为“美国丽人”的杂交玫瑰
[近] crossbred, mongrel
[反] purebred 纯种的
symbol: ['haɪbrɪd]
zhuji: 【记】读：high bird－飞得高的鸟，因为不是近亲结合，而是杂种。
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position: (12, 5)

正面: hymn
definition: 【考法1】n. 赞歌,赞美诗:a song of praise or joy
[例] They sang a hymn of praise to God. 他们唱赞歌赞美上帝。
[近] eulogy, homage, hymn, ode, paean, panegyric, psalm, salutation, tribute
[反] dirge, elegy 哀诗,挽歌
【考法2】v. 赞美:to proclaim the glory of
[例] During the honeymoon following the inauguration, newspaper articles seemed to hymn the president's every move. 在上任后的“蜜月期”之中,报纸新闻似乎在赞美总统的每一项措施。
[近] bless, carol, celebrate, emblazon, exalt, extol, glorify, laud, magnify, resound
[反] blame, censure, reprehend, reprobate 责难,斥责
symbol: [hɪm]
zhuji: 【记】hymn，hymn，hymn是赞美诗的前奏哼哼的一段hymnology（n 赞美诗学）；hymnbook（n 赞美诗集）
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position: (12, 5)

正面: hyperbole
definition: 【考法】n. 夸张:a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect
[例] The debate was carried on with increasing rhetorical hyperbole. 随着辩论的进行,双方修辞当中的夸张越来越多。
[近] coloring, embellishment, embroidering, exaggeration, magnification, overstatement
[反] understatement 有节制的陈述
symbol: [haɪ'pɜ:rbəli]
zhuji: 【记】hyper过分，bole扔－扔得特牛－夸张法hyper高，bole＝ball：把ball踢得hyper－夸张法
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position: (12, 6)

正面: hypnotic
definition: 【考法】adj. 催眠的:tending to cause sleep
[例] Her eyes soon grew heavy from the hypnotic rhythm of the train's wheels. 伴随着催眠的铁轨声,她很快就有了睡意。
[近] drowsy, narcotic, opiate, sleepy, slumberous, soporific
[反] stimulating 刺激性的;refreshing 使人精神焕发的
symbol: [hɪp'nɑ:tɪk]
zhuji: 【记】hyp＝high，not，ic：有很高的不not知道的状态－催眠的
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position: (12, 6)

正面: hypocritical
definition: 【考法】adj. 虚伪的:not being or expressing what one appears to be or express
[例] It's hypocritical to say mean things behind someone's back, and then to act nice when you want something from her. 这种在背后说别人坏话、而有求于人时又装出另一副样子的人就是虚伪。
[近] artificial, backhanded, feigned, mealy-mouthed, phony, pretended, unctuous
[反] artless, candid, genuine, honest, sincere, undesigning, unfeigned 真诚的,诚实的
[派] hypocrite n. 虚伪的人,伪君子
symbol: [ˌhɪpə'krɪtɪkl]
zhuji: 【记】hypo下面，critical（adj 评论的；批评的）－在背后批评的－伪善的
zhuji3000: 【根】 hypo- [under] + critical [批评的], 在下面批评别人的 (当面一套,背后一套) → a. 虚伪的
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position: (12, 6)

正面: iconoclast
definition: 【考法】n. 特立独行的人:a person who does not conform to generally accepted standards or customs
[例] He was an iconoclast who refused to be bound by tradition. 他是个不愿被传统所束缚的叛逆者。
[近] bohemian, deviant, heretic, maverick, non-conformer
[反] conformer, conformist 循规蹈矩的人
[派] iconoclastic adj. 特立独行的
symbol: [aɪ'kɑ:nəklæst]
zhuji: 【记】icon（n 图标；偶像），clast打碎－打碎偶像的人
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position: (12, 6)

正面: idolatrize
definition: 【考法】vt.(通常盲目)崇拜:admires intensely and often blindly
[例] Some teenagers idolatrized Hitler more than their own parents. 曾经有一些青少年崇拜希特勒超过自己的父母。
[近] adore, adulate, canonize, deify, dote, worship
[反] abhor, abominate, detest, dislike, hate, loathe 痛恨,憎恶
[派] idolatry n. 崇拜
symbol: [aɪ'dɑ:lətraɪz]
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position: (12, 6)

正面: idyll
definition: 【考法】n. 无忧无虑的生活:a carefree episode or experience
[例] a summer idyll on the coast of the Mediterranean 地中海岸的悠闲夏日
[近] frisk, frolic, gambol, revel, lark
symbol: ['aɪdl]
zhuji: 【记】I，dy，ll重新组合成dy和ill：dy地都ill了，因为大家都在过着无忧无虑的田园生活，整天不干活，地都病了。
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position: (12, 6)

正面: ignite
definition: 【考法1】vt. 点燃:to cause to burn; to set fire to
[例] The bombs ignited a fire which destroyed some 60 houses. 炸弹引发的大火摧毁了大约60间房屋。
[近] enkindle, fire, inflame, kindle, light, torch
[反] douse, extinguish, quench, put out 熄灭
【考法2】vt. 激起,唤起(感情等):to arouse the passions of
[例] The insults ignited my anger. 那些侮辱让我倍感愤怒。
[近] arouse, incite, instigate, pique, spark, stimulate, stir
[反] appease, assuage, calm, conciliate, mollify, pacify, placate, propitiate, soothe 平息怒火,安抚
symbol: [ɪg'naɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ign火
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position: (12, 6)

正面: ignominy
definition: 【考法】n. 耻辱:the state of having lost the esteem of others
[例] He spent the remainder of his life in ignominy after being involved in a bribery scandal. 因为卷入了受贿丑闻当中,他在耻辱中度过余生。
[近] discredit, disesteem, dishonor, disrepute, infamy, obloquy, odium, opprobrium, reproach, shame
[反] glory, honor 荣耀;esteem, respect 敬意
[派] ignominious adj. 可鄙的
symbol: ['ɪgnəmɪni]
zhuji: 【记】ig不，nomin名声－名声不好－耻辱
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position: (12, 6)

正面: illiteracy
definition: 【考法】n. 文盲:the condition of being unable to read and write
[例] a nationwide campaign against illiteracy 全国扫盲运动
[近] ignorance
[反] learning, literacy 受过教育
[派] illiterate adj. 不识字的
symbol: [ɪ'lɪtərəsi]
zhuji: 【记】il不，liter（文字，字母）－不识字－文盲
zhuji3000: 【根】 il- [in-, not] + liter [letter] + -acy [n.], 不认识文字的 → n. 文盲
[注] 词根liter表示letter [n. 字母,文字],构成单词iterature [n. 文献;文学]
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position: (12, 6)

正面: illuminati
definition: 【考法1】n. 智者:persons who claim to be unusually enlightened
[近] clerisy, intellectual, intelligentsia, literati
[反] fool, dolt, dullard, idiot, simpleton 傻子
【考法2】n. 精英:individuals carefully selected as being the best of a class
[例] a book launching party to which only New York's cultural illuminati were invited 一个只邀请了纽约上层文化精英的新书发布会
[近] aristocracy, elite, upper crust
symbol: [ɪˌlu:mi:'nɑ:ti:]
zhuji: 【记】原指：光照派－自称在宗教上受到过特别启示的团体，来自illuminate（vt 照明；阐明）
zhuji3000: 【根】 il- [in-, in] + lumin [light] + ati [n. -ation的前三个字母], 进入光中 (而因此看清一切) 的人 → n. 智者;精英
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position: (12, 6)

正面: illuminate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 照明:to make luminous or shining
[例] illuminate with a spotlight 用聚光灯照亮
[近] bathe, beacon, emblaze, illume, illumine, irradiate, lighten
[反] blacken, darken, obfuscate 使黯淡,使昏暗
【考法2】vt. 阐明:to make plain or understandable
[例] Roosevelt's New Deal illuminates what the role of government is in Keynesian Economics. 罗斯福新政阐明了政府在凯恩斯主义中的作用。
[近] clarify, clear, construe, demonstrate, demystify, elucidate, explicate, expound, illustrate, interpret
[反] obscure 使费解
【考法3】vt. 启迪,启发:to provide(someone)with moral or spiritual understanding
[例] how man is illuminated by a higher spirit 人们是如何被更高境界的思想开化的
[近] edify, educate, enlighten, inspire, nurture
[反] confuse, perplex, puzzle 使困惑
[派] illumination n. 照明;启迪
symbol: [ɪ'lu:mɪneɪt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 il- [in-, in] + lumin [light] + -ate [v.], 放入光 → vt.照明;使看清 → vt. 阐明;启迪,启发
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position: (12, 7)

正面: illusory
definition: 【考法】adj. 幻觉的,虚幻的:produced by, based on, or having the nature of an illusion
[例] the illusory definition of nationhood 国家的虚幻定义
[近] chimerical, fanciful, fantastic, fictional, fictitious, imaginary, suppositious, unreal
[反] factual 事实的
[派] illusion n. 幻觉
symbol: [ɪ'lu:səri]
zhuji3000: 【根】 il- [in-, in] + lus [lud, play] + ory [a.], in “play”, 进入游戏的画面 → a. 幻觉的,虚幻的
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position: (12, 7)

正面: imbibe
definition: 【考法】v. 喝水,摄取水分:to take in(something liquid)through small openings
[例] Plants can imbibe water through their roots. 植物可以通过它们的根摄取水分。
[近] drink, guzzle, hoist, quaff, sip, sponge
[反] urinate 排尿
symbol: [ɪm'baɪb]
zhuji: 【记】im进入，bibe喝－喝入－吸收
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position: (12, 7)

正面: imbroglio
definition: 【考法1】n. 困境,复杂的局面:an intricate or complicated situation
[例] What investor would willingly become involved in this imbroglio? 怎样的投资者才会像这样明知山有虎,偏向虎山行呢?
[近] complexity, complication, embarrassment, entanglement, involvement, misunderstanding, quandary
【考法2】n. 纷争:an often noisy or angry expression of differing opinions
[例] an imbroglio involving some big names in the entertainment industry 一场涉及娱乐圈数位明星的纷争
[近] altercation, controversy, disagreement, dispute, fight, quarrel, squabble, wrangle
[反] harmony 和谐
symbol: [ɪm'broʊlioʊ]
zhuji: 【记】im进入，broglio混合，搅和－纠纷
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position: (12, 7)

正面: imitation
definition: 【考法】n. 仿制品:something that is made to look exactly like something else
[例] She usually wore imitations of her costly jewels. 她通常只戴她那些贵重珠宝的仿制品。
[近] clone, copy, dupe, duplication, facsimile, mock, reduplication, replica, replication, reproduction
[反] archetype, original, prototype 原型
[派] imitating adj. 仿制的
symbol: [ˌɪmɪ'teɪ∫n]
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position: (12, 7)

正面: immaculate
definition: 【考法1】adj. 干净的,纯净的:free from dirt or stain; free from any trace of the coarse or indecent
[例] an immaculate soul 一个纯净的灵魂
[近] antiseptic, chaste, clean, decent, modest, pristine, pure, spotless, stainless, virgin
[反] coarse, indecent, obscene, vulgar 粗俗的,下流的;besmirched, dirty, filthy, foul, spotted, stained, sullied 有污点的,不干净的
【考法2】adj. 完美的,没有任何错误的:being entirely without fault or flaw
[例] an immaculate rendering of the Queen of the Night 's aria 《魔笛之夜后》咏叹调的完美演绎
[近] absolute, faultless, flawless, impeccable, indefectible, irreproachable, perfect, seamless, unblemished
[反] amiss, defective, faulty, flawed, imperfect 有错误的,有误差的
symbol: [ɪ'mækjələt]
zhuji: 【记】macula（n 皮肤上的斑点）
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position: (12, 7)

正面: immanent
definition: 【考法】adj. 内在的:being a part of the innermost nature of a person or thing
[例] Beauty is not something imposed but something immanent. 美丽是内在的品格而非外加的东西。
[近] constitutional, essential, inborn, inbred, indigenous, ingrained, innate, integral, intrinsic, natural
[反] adventitious, extrinsic, extraneous 外在的,非本源的
symbol: ['ɪmənənt]
zhuji: 【记】im进入，man人－在人之内的－内在的，原指：上帝存在于宇宙万物之中的，无所不在的
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position: (12, 7)

正面: immaterial
definition: 【考法1】adj. 非实体的:not composed of matter
[例] It is only possible to study immaterial forces like gravity by observing their effects on the physical world. 要研究那些非实体的作用力,[例]如万有引力,只能观察它们对于现实世界的影响。
[近] ethereal, formless, incorporeal, insubstantial, nonmaterial, spiritual
[反] bodily, corporeal, material, physical, substantial 实体的
【考法2】adj. 无关的,不重要的:of no importance or relevance
[例] While undoubtedly upsetting, that story is immaterial to the question of why you are late. 尽管那个故事的确很让人遗憾,但是和你为什么迟到没有半点关系。
[近] extraneous, impertinent, inapplicable, inapposite, irrelevant
[反] applicable, apposite, apropos, germane, pertinent, relevant 相关的;crucial, important, significant 重要的
symbol: [ˌɪmə'tɪriəl]
zhuji: 【记】material（adj 物质的；肉体的；具体的；重要的；实质性的）
zhuji3000: 【记】 im- [not] + material [a. 物质的;重要的],参material [n. 材料] , matter [n. 物质v. 有关系,要紧] → a. 非实体的;无关的,不重要的
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position: (12, 7)

正面: immature
definition: 【考法1】adj. 未完全发展的,未发育成熟的:lacking complete growth, differentiation, or development
[例] Immature frogs are called“tadpoles”. 未发育成熟的青蛙被称为“蝌蚪”。
[近] adolescent, juvenile, youngish, youthful
【考法2】adj.(思维、举止)不够成熟的:lacking in adult experience or maturity
[例] Many high school students are still too immature to foresee the consequences of their actions. 很多高中生还是不够成熟,不能意识到他们的行为所带来的后果。
[近] green, inexperienced, puerile, raw, unfledged, unripe
[反] adult, experienced, mature, ripe 成年的,成熟的
symbol: [ˌɪmə't∫ʊr]
zhuji: 【记】mature（adj 成熟的；到期的）
zhuji3000: 【记】 im- [not] + mature [a. 成熟的] → a. 未完全发展的,未发育成熟的;(思维、举止) 不够成熟的
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position: (12, 7)

正面: immemorial
definition: 【考法】adj. 古老的:dating or surviving from the distant past
[例] a modern version of an immemorial myth 一个远古传说的现代版本
[近] aged, age-old, antediluvian, antique, dateless, hoary, old, venerable
[反] contemporary, modern 当代的,现代的;recent 近来的
symbol: [ˌɪmə'mɔ:riəl]
zhuji: 【记】memorial（n 纪念物adj 记念的；记忆的）
zhuji3000: 【根】 im- [not] + memori [memory] + -al [a.], 由于年代久远,世界上没有相关的记录 → a. 古老的
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position: (12, 7)

正面: immune
definition: 【考法1】adj. 不易被感染的,有免疫力的:of, relating to, or having resistance to infection
[例] The blood test will tell whether you are immune to the disease. 验血可以判断你是否对这种疾病免疫。
[近] resistant
[反] susceptible, vulnerable 易感染的,易受攻击的
[派] immunity n. 免疫性
【考法2】adj. 不受影响的:not affected by a given influence
[例] immune to persuasion 不听劝
[近] insusceptible, unaffected, unresponsive
[反] ductile, pliable, pliant, yielding 易受影响的
【考法3】adj. 不受约束的,免除的:not subject to an obligation imposed on others
[例] immune from taxation 免税
[近] exempt, free
[反] liable, responsible 负有责任的
symbol: [ɪ'mju:n]
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position: (12, 8)

正面: immure
definition: 【考法】vt. 监禁,禁闭;使闭门不出:to confine within or as if within walls
[例] immure oneself for GRE 闭门苦读GRE
[近] confine, constrain, incarcerate, intern, jail, imprison
[反] discharge, release 释放;enfranchise, free, liberate 解放
symbol: [ɪ'mjʊr]
zhuji: 【记】im进入，mur墙，e－进入墙－监禁
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position: (12, 8)

正面: immutable
definition: 【考法】adj. 不可变的:not capable of changing or being changed
[例] One of the immutable laws of television is that low ratings inevitably lead to cancellation. 电视行业中一个不变的原则就是:低收视率的节目必然会被撤掉。
[近] constant, fixed, inalterable, inflexible, invariable, unalterable, unchangeable
[反] alterable, changeable, elastic, flexible, mutable, variable 可变的
[派] immutability n. 不变性
symbol: [ɪ'mju:təbl]
zhuji: 【记】mutable（adj 易变的；性情不定的）
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position: (12, 8)

正面: impassive
definition: 【考法】adj. 冷漠的,无感情的:giving no sign of feeling or emotion
[例] She remained impassive as the officers informed her of her son's death. 她面不改色地听着警官宣读她儿子的死讯。
[近] affectless, apathetic, cold-blooded, deadpan, emotionless, numb, phlegmatic, stoic, undemonstrative
[反] demonstrative, emotional, fervent, fervid, impassioned, passionate, vehement 充满感情的
symbol: [ɪm'pæsɪv]
zhuji: 【记】im没有，pass感情，ive－没有感情的
zhuji3000: 【根】 im- [not] + pass [feeling] + -ive [a.],no feeling → a. 冷漠的,无感情的
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position: (12, 8)

正面: impeccable
definition: 【考法1】adj. 无罪的:free from sin, guilt or blame
[例] the belief that there can be no such thing as an impeccable soul 不相信存在无罪的灵魂
[近] blameless, clear, guiltless, inculpable, pure, sinless
[反] guilty, sinful 有罪的
【考法2】adj. 无瑕的,无可挑剔的:free from fault or blame
[例] She had impeccable taste in clothes. 她有着无可挑剔的穿衣品味。
[近] absolute, faultless, flawless, immaculate, indefectible, irreproachable, perfect, seamless, unblemished
[反] amiss, defective, faulty, flawed, imperfect 有错误的,有误差的
symbol: [ɪm'pekəbl]
zhuji: 【记】im无，pecc斑点，犯罪，able－无瑕疵的
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position: (12, 8)

正面: impecunious
definition: 【考法】adj. 贫穷的:having very little or no money
[例] They were so impecunious that they couldn't afford to give one another even token Christmas gifts. 他们穷到了连象征性的圣诞礼物都互送不起的地步。
[近] beggared, destitute, impoverished, indigent, necessitous, needy, penniless, penurious, threadbare
[反] affluent, flush, opulent, rich, wealthy 富有的
symbol: [ˌɪmpɪ'kju:niəs]
zhuji: 【记】im无，pecu钱，nious－无钱的im进入，pe破，cu裤，ni你，ous：你有很多破裤子－身无分文的
zhuji3000: 【根】 im- [not] + pecu [cattle, 象征“资本, 财富”] + n + - (i) ous [a.], no cattle, money → a. 贫穷的
[注] 词根pecu表示“牛”,在古时候牛象征着“资本和财富”。
【参】 pecuniary [a. 金钱的]
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position: (12, 8)

正面: impede
definition: 【考法】vt. 妨碍,阻碍:to interfere with or slow the progress of
[例] Storms at sea impeded our expedition. 海上的风暴阻碍了我们的远征。
[近] clog, embarrass, encumber, fetter, hinder, inhibit, obstruct, retard, shackle, stymie, trammel
[反] aid, assist, facilitate, help 促进,帮助
[派] impediment n. 障碍,阻碍
symbol: [ɪm'pi:d]
zhuji: 【记】im进入，ped脚，e－把脚放入绊倒小偷－妨碍
zhuji3000: 【根】 im- [in-, in] + ped [foot] + -e [v.], (put) feet in (fetters), 带上脚镣 → vt. 妨碍,阻碍
[注] 另外一种解释是:“放入 [im-] 脚 [ped] ”想绊别人一下,即妨碍,阻碍
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position: (12, 8)

正面: impending
definition: 【考法】adj. 即将发生的:being soon to appear or take place
[例] an impending celebration of the 100th anniversary of the college's founding 即将来临的百年校庆
[近] approaching, coming, imminent, nearing, pending, proximate, upcoming, around the corner
[反] late, recent 最近发生的;distant, remote 遥远的
symbol: [ɪm'pendɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】impend（vi 即将发生）
zhuji3000: 【根】 im- [in-, in] + pend [hang] + -ing [a.], 处于悬挂的状态 (摇摇欲坠) → a. 即将发生的
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position: (12, 8)

正面: impenetrable
definition: 【考法1】adj. 不可渗透的,不可穿透的:impossible to get through or into
[例] The ancient temple was surrounded by vast stretches of impenetrable jungle. 包围着古老的神庙的是密不可穿的灌木丛。
[近] impassable, impermeable, impervious, impregnable
[反] passable, penetrable, permeable, pervious 可通过的
【考法2】adj. 难以理解的:incapable of being comprehended
[例] The textbook's language is completely impenetrable, at least to me. 至少在我看来,这个教材就是天书。
[近] arcane, cryptic, enigmatic, incomprehensible, inscrutable, unfathomable, ungraspable, unintelligible
[反] fathomable, intelligible, understandable 可以理解的
symbol: [ɪm'penɪtrəbl]
zhuji: 【记】penetrable（adj 可穿透的）
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position: (12, 8)

正面: impenitent
definition: 【考法】adj. 不悔悟的:not feeling or expressing humble or regretful pain or sorrow for sins or offenses
[例] remain impenitent about her criminal past 对她过去所犯罪行执迷不悟
[近] remorseless, regretless, shameless, unashamed, unrepentant
[反] contrite, regretful, remorseful, rueful, penitent 感到悔恨的
symbol: [ɪm'penɪtənt]
zhuji: 【记】penitent（adj 悔过的n 悔罪者）pen，I，ten，t：我用10根pen扎自己－悔过的
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position: (12, 8)

正面: imperative
definition: 【考法1】n. 命令:a statement of what to do that must be obeyed by those concerned
[例] a secretary of defense who was fond of issuing harshly worded imperatives 一个很喜欢发布措辞严厉的命令的国防部长
[近] command, decree, dictate, direction, directive, instruction, order, word
【考法2】adj. 命令的,强制性的:forcing one's compliance or participation by or as if by law
[例] requests that grew more and more imperative 命令性越来越强的请求
[近] compulsory, forced, involuntary, obligatory, peremptory, required
[反] optional 可选择的;voluntary 志愿性的
【考法3】adj. 迫切的:needing immediate attention
[例] an imperative need for medical supplies in the earthquake-ravaged country 地震灾区国家对于医疗物资的迫切需求
[近] clamant, compelling, critical, crying, emergent, exigent, imperious, importunate, pressing, urgent
[反] noncritical, unimportant 不重要的
【考法4】adj. 必要的:impossible to do without
[例] Proper equipment is imperative for the success of this chemical experiment. 合适的仪器是这个化学实验成功必不可少的条件。
[近] indispensable, necessary, necessitous, requisite, vital
[反] dispensable, inessential, needless, unnecessary 非必须的
symbol: [ɪm'perətɪv]
zhuji3000: 【根】 imper [order] + -ative [n.&a.], ordering → n. 命令 a. 命令的,强制性的;迫切的;必要的
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position: (12, 9)

正面: imperial
definition: 【考法1】adj. 帝国的,帝王的:of, relating to, or suggestive of an empire or a sovereign, especially an emperor or empress
[例] Imperial College London 帝国理工学院
[近] kingly, queenly, regal, royal
【考法2】adj. 巨大的,令人惊叹的:large and impressive in size, grandeur, extent, or conception
[例] People envisioned an imperial city that would rival the capitals of Europe for beauty and magnificence. 人们幻想着一个比欧洲各国首都更为动人和壮丽的巨大城市。
[近] august, epic, glorious, grand, imposing, magnificent, monumental, noble, splendid
[反] common, humble, inferior, low 低下的,平凡的
symbol: [ɪm'pɪriəl]
zhuji3000: 【联】 emperor [帝王] , empire [帝国] → a. 帝国的,帝王的;巨大的,令人惊叹的
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position: (12, 9)

正面: imperious
definition: 【考法1】adj. 爱发号施令的:fond of ordering people around
[例] an imperious little boy who liked to tell the other scouts what to do 一个爱发号施令的小男孩,总是喜欢指挥别的童子军做事
[近] authoritarian, autocratic, despotic, dictatorial, domineering, masterful, tyrannical
【考法2】adj. 傲慢的,专横的:arrogantly domineering or overbearing
[例] an imperious movie star who thinks she's some sort of goddess 一个把自己当成某种女神的傲慢的影星
[近] arrogant, bumptious, haughty, lofty, lordly, peremptory, pompous, presumptuous, supercilious, superior
[反] humble, lowly, modest 谦逊的
【考法3】adj. 迫切的:intensely compelling
[例] As war casualties mounted, the need for trained nurses became imperious. 随着战争伤亡人数的攀升,对于受训护士的需求变得愈发迫切。
[近] clamant, compelling, critical, crying, dire, emergent, exigent, imperative, importunate, pressing, urgent
[反] noncritical, unimportant 不重要的
symbol: [ɪm'pɪriəs]
zhuji: 【记】imper命令，ious多－命令多的－专横的
zhuji3000: 【根】 imper [order] + - (i) ous [a.], ordering (贬义) → a.爱发号施令的;傲慢的,专横的;迫切的
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position: (12, 9)

正面: impertinent
definition: 【考法1】adj. 无关紧要的:not having a clear decisive relevance to the matter in hand
[例] Your résumé needlessly lists extracurricular experiences that are impertinent to the PhD program for which you are applying. 你的简历里列出的一些课外活动和你申请的博士项目是毫不相关的。
[近] extraneous, immaterial, inapplicable, inapposite, irrelevant
[反] germane, pertinent, relevant 相关的;crucial, important, significant 重要的
【考法2】adj. 粗鲁无礼的,大胆的:given to or characterized by insolent rudeness
[例] I don't like strangers who ask impertinent questions. 我很讨厌那些问无礼问题的陌生人。
[近] audacious, bold, brash, brassbound, brassy, brazen, impudent, insolent
[反] meek, mousy, retiring, shy, timid 内敛的,胆小的
【考法3】adj. 不守礼节的,不为他人着想的:showing a lack of manners or consideration for others
[例] impertinent salesmen who telephone people during the dinner hour 在就餐时间打电话骚扰别人的无礼销售员
[近] discourteous, disrespectful, inconsiderate, rude, thoughtless
[反] civil, courteous, genteel, gracious, mannerly, polite 有礼貌的;considerate 为他人着想的
symbol: [ɪm'pɜ:rtnənt]
zhuji: 【记】pertinent（adj 有关的；中肯的）
zhuji3000: 【根】 im- [not] + pertinent [相关的;恰当的], 不相关的 → a. 无关紧要的;(为人处世) 不恰当的 → a. 粗鲁无礼的,大胆的;不守礼节的,不为他人着想的
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position: (12, 9)

正面: imperturbable
definition: 【考法】adj. 沉着冷静的,淡定的:marked by extreme calm, impassivity, and steadiness
[例] The chef was absolutely imperturbable—even when the kitchen caught on fire. 这个厨师可谓淡定到了极致——他连厨房着火的时候都依然沉着。
[近] collected, composed, cool, disimpassioned, nonchalant, unflappable, unruffled
[反] choleric, touchy 暴躁的,易怒的
symbol: [ˌɪmpər'tɜ:rbəbl]
zhuji: 【记】perturb（v 使感到不安；打扰）
zhuji3000: 【根】 im- [not] + perturb [使扰乱] + -able [a., able], not able to perturb → a. 沉着冷静的,淡定的
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position: (12, 9)

正面: impervious
definition: 【考法1】adj. 不可渗透的,不可穿透的:not allowing entrance or passage
[例] The material for this coat is supposed to be impervious to rain. 这件大衣的材料应该是能防雨的。
[近] impassable, impenetrable, impermeable, impregnable
[反] passable, penetrable, permeable, pervious 可渗透的
【考法2】adj. 不能被破坏的:not capable of being damaged or harmed
[例] a carpet impervious to rough treatment 耐用的地毯
[近] bulletproof, imperishable, indestructible, inextinguishable, invulnerable
[反] delicate, sensitive, vulnerable 脆弱的,敏感的
【考法3】adj. 不为所动的:not capable of being affected or disturbed
[例] These sailors are impervious to fear. 这些水手无所畏惧。
[近] immune, insusceptible, unaffected, unresponsive
[反] ductile, pliable, pliant, yielding 易受影响的
symbol: [ɪm'pɜ:rviəs]
zhuji: 【记】pervious（adj 能被通过的；可渗透的）读：泼vious
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position: (12, 9)

正面: impetuous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 冲动的,性急的,轻率的:marked by impulsive vehemence or passion
[例] He is young and impetuous. 他年轻易冲动。
[近] ardent, hasty, headlong, impassioned, impulsive, passionate, rash, vehement
[反] cautious, circumspect, wary 谨慎的,小心的
【考法2】adj. 剧烈的,猛烈的:marked by force and violence of movement or action
[例] an impetuous wind 猛烈的风
[近] abrupt, hasty, hurried, precipitate, precipitous, rushing, sudden, violent
[反] calm, halcyon, placid, quiet 风平浪静的
[派] impetus n. 推动力
symbol: [ɪm'pet∫uəs]
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position: (12, 9)

正面: impious
definition: 【考法】adj. 不敬神的:lacking reverence for holy or sacred matters
[例] make impious remarks about the church 对教会做出不敬的评论
[近] blasphemous, irreverent, profane, sacrilegious
[反] pious 虔诚的;reverent 敬神的
[派] impiety n.(对神的)不敬
symbol: ['ɪmpiəs]
zhuji3000: 【根】 im- [not] + pi [devout] + -ous [a.], not devoted (to divine) → a. 不敬神的
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position: (12, 9)

正面: implacable
definition: 【考法1】adj. 固执的:sticking to an opinion, purpose, or course of action in spite of reason, arguments, or persuasion
[近] adamant, dogged, headstrong, intransigent, mulish, obdurate, pertinacious, stubborn, unyielding
[反] acquiescent 默认的;compliant, flexible, pliable, pliant, yielding 易受影响的
【考法2】adj. 无法平息的:not capable of being appeased, significantly changed, or mitigated
[例] an implacable enemy 无法与之和解的敌人
[近] determined, grim, relentless, unappeasable
[反] placable 可平息的,可缓和的
symbol: [ɪm'plækəbl]
zhuji: 【记】placable（adj 易抚慰的）；placid（adj 平静的）；placate（v 安抚；抚慰；平息）
zhuji3000: 【根】 im- [not] + plac [please] + -able [a.], not able to please, 无法讨好的 → a. 固执的;(不满的愤怒) a. 无法平息的
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position: (12, 9)

正面: implement
definition: 【考法1】n. 工具:a device used in the performance of a task
[例] gardening implements such as hoes, spades, and pruners 诸如锄头、铲子和修枝剪一类的园艺工具
[近] apparatus, device, instrument, tool, utensil
【考法2】vt. 执行,实施:to put into practical effect; carry out
[例] implement the new online application procedures 实行新的网申程序
[近] administer, apply, effect, enforce, execute, invoke, perform
[反] cancel, repeal, rescind, revoke 撤销
[派] implementation n. 执行,履行
symbol: ['ɪmplɪment]
zhuji: 【记】im进入，ple充满，ment－进入充满的状态－实现
zhuji3000: 【根】 im- [in-, in] + ple [fill] + -ment [v.&n.], fill in, 向…里面填充 → vt. 执行,实施;发挥“向…里面填充”作用的东西 → n. 工具
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position: (12, 9)

正面: implode
definition: 【考法】v.(使)剧烈收缩,(使)坍缩,(使)内爆:to(cause to)collapse inward violently
[例] The flask imploded during the vacuum distilling. 做低压蒸馏的时候烧瓶发生了内爆。
[近] buckle, founder, tumble, yield
[反] explode 外爆,爆炸
symbol: [ɪm'ploʊd]
zhuji: 【记】im进入，plode爆炸－在里面爆炸－内爆
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position: (12, 10)

正面: importune
definition: 【考法】vt. 恳求,迫切请求:to make a request to(someone)in an earnest or urgent manner
[例] beggars importuning passers-by 在恳求着过路人的乞丐
[近] appeal, beseech, besiege, conjure, entreat, impetrate, implore, petition, plead, pray, solicit, supplicate
[反] demand 要求,强求
symbol: [ˌɪmpɔ:r'tu:n]
zhuji: 【记】原指妓女胡搅蛮缠地拉客；im进入，port带，拿，tune（n 调子）－进门后拿出强求的调子－强求
zhuji3000: 【根】 im- [not] + port [harbor] + -une [v.], (a place)without harbor → (make) sb. unfit, troublesome → vt. 哀求,迫切请求
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position: (12, 10)

正面: imposing
definition: 【考法】adj. 宏伟壮丽的:impressive in size, bearing, dignity, or grandeur
[例] The corporation's imposing headquarters were designed by one of the nation's cutting-edge architects. 这家公司宏伟壮丽的总部是由该国最优秀的建筑师之一设计的。
[近] august, epic, glorious, grand, imperial, magnificent, monumental, noble, splendid
[反] common, humble, inferior, low 低下的,平凡的
symbol: [ɪm'poʊzɪŋ]
zhuji3000: 【根】 im [in-, in] + pos [put] + -ing [a.], put in (sight), (容易被) 放到视线中的 → a. 宏伟壮丽的
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position: (12, 10)

正面: impostor
definition: 【考法】n. 冒充者:one that assumes false identity or title for the purpose of deception
[例] The man who claimed to be a prince turned out to be an impostor. 那个自称是王子的人原来是冒充的。
[近] charlatan, fake, fraud, hoaxer, mountebank, phony, pretender, quack, sham
symbol: [ɪm'pɑ:stər]
zhuji: 【记】im进入，post放，or表示人－把自己放入别人的角色的人－冒名顶替者，骗子
zhuji3000: 【根】 im- [in] + post [put] + -or [n. 人] , put in (others position), 到其他人的位置上 (就职) 的人 → n. 冒充者
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position: (12, 10)

正面: impotent
definition: 【考法1】adj. 无生育能力的:unable to produce fruit or offspring
[例] Most mules are impotent. 绝大多数的骡子都无法生育。
[近] barren, fruitless, infertile, unfruitful
[反] fecund, fertile, fruitful, productive 高产的,硕果累累的
【考法2】adj. 无力的,无能的:lacking in power, strength, or vigor
[例] an impotent ruler who was just a figurehead 一个无能的傀儡统治者
[近] hamstrung, handcuffed, helpless, impuissant, paralyzed, weak
[反] mighty, potent, powerful, puissant, strong 强大的,有能力的
symbol: ['ɪmpətənt]
zhuji: 【记】potent（adj 有力的；有效的；雄性有性交能力的）
zhuji3000: 【根】 im- [not] + pot [power] + -ent [a.], not powerful → a. 无力的,无能的;无生育能力的
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position: (12, 10)

正面: imprecise
definition: 【考法】adj. 不精确的:not precise
[例] incomplete and imprecise satellite data 既不完整又不精确的卫星数据
[近] approximate, inaccurate, loose, squishy
[反] accurate, exact, precise, veracious 精确的,准确的
[派] imprecision n. 不准确,不精确
symbol: [ˌɪmprɪ'saɪs]
zhuji: 【记】precise（adj 精确的n 精确）
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position: (12, 10)

正面: impromptu
definition: 【考法1】n. 即席的表演:something, such as a speech, that is made or done extemporaneously
[近] improvisation, extemporization
【考法2】adj. 即席的,即兴的:composed without previous preparation
[例] Our dinner guest thanked us with an impromptu song. 客人们即兴高歌一首以表达谢意。
[近] ad-lib, extemporary, improvised, offhand, unplanned, unpremeditated, unprepared, unrehearsed
[反] considered, planned, premeditated, prepared, rehearsed 事先有所准备的
symbol: [ɪm'prɑ:mptu:]
zhuji: 【记】im不，promptu时间－不在安排时间之内－即席的im不，promptu＝prompt（vt 促使；给演员提示）
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position: (12, 10)

正面: improvise
definition: 【考法】v. 即兴而作:to invent, compose, or perform with little or no preparation
[例] Since the award was a complete surprise, I improvised an acceptance speech. 因为那个奖项完全是个惊喜,所以我即兴发表了一个获奖演说。
[近] ad-lib, extemporize
[反] plan, premeditate 计划,预先考虑
symbol: ['ɪmprəvaɪz]
zhuji: 【记】im不，pro前，vise看－不提前看稿子－即席创作im不，provise＝provide（v 提供）－不提供稿子－即席创作
zhuji3000: 【根】 im- [not] + pro- [before] + vis [see] + -e [v.], not see before → v. 即兴而作
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position: (12, 10)

正面: imprudent
definition: 【考法】adj. 不明智的:lacking discretion, wisdom, or good judgment
[例] an imprudent investment he made many years ago 他许多年前做的一笔不明智的投资
[近] impolitic, inadvisable, indelicate, injudicious, tactless, undiplomatic, unwise
[反] advisable, politic, prudent, tactical, wise 明智的
symbol: [ɪm'pru:dnt]
zhuji: 【记】prudent（adj 谨慎的），pull dent牙out：拔牙需要谨慎。
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position: (12, 10)

正面: impudent
definition: 【考法】adj. 放肆大胆的,无礼的:marked by contemptuous or cocky boldness or disregard of others
[例] Some children were well behaved, while others were impudent. 一些孩子表现得很得体,另一些则很无礼。
[近] audacious, barefaced, bold, brash, brazen, impertinent, insolent, shameless
[反] courteous, genteel, mannerly, polite, proper 举止得体的
[派] impudence n. 放肆无礼
现就职于凯雷投资集团,中国香港)
symbol: ['ɪmpjədənt]
zhuji: 【记】im不，pudency（n 羞怯；害羞）－不知羞耻－厚颜无耻的im不，pud小心－不小心的－冒失的
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position: (12, 10)

正面: impugn
definition: 【考法】vt. 责难,攻击,抨击:to attack as false or questionable; challenge in argument
[例] impugn a political opponent's character 就政治对手的人品发难
[近] attack, assail, contradict, contravene, cross, disaffirm, deny, gainsay, negate, negative, traverse
[反] advocate, back, support, uphold 支持;authenticate 证实,证明
symbol: [ɪm'pju:n]
zhuji: 【记】im进入，pugn斗争－进入斗争－驳斥
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position: (13, 1)

正面: impuissance
definition: 【考法】n. 无权,虚弱:lack of power or effectiveness
[例] In spite of their impuissance the group remains highly active. 尽管手中无权,但这个组织仍然十分活跃。
[近] impotence, powerlessness, weakness
[反] clout, potency, power, puissance 权势
[派] impuissant adj. 无权无势的,无能的
symbol: [ɪm'pju:ɪsns]
zhuji: 【记】puissance（n 权力；力量；影响）源于：power（n 能力；力量）读：im溥仪三思－当年溥仪没有权力，他再三思考的当然是权力。
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position: (13, 1)

正面: inadvertent
definition: 【考法1】adj. 偶然发生的:happening by chance
[例] an inadvertent encounter with a rattlesnake 偶遇响尾蛇
[近] casual, fluky, incidental, unintentional, unplanned, unpremeditated, unwitting
[反] calculated, deliberate, intended, intentional, planned, premeditated 有计划的,有预谋的
【考法2】adj. 疏忽的,不留意的:marked by unintentional lack of care
[例] The military has said it was an inadvertent error. 军方表示这是个疏忽大意的错误。
[近] careless, feckless, heedless, irreflective, thoughtless, uncaring
[反] advertent, careful, heedful, mindful 留意的,小心的
symbol: [ˌɪnəd'vɜ:rtənt]
zhuji: 【记】advertent（adj 注意的；留意的）
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [not] + ad- [to] + vert [turn] + -ent [a.], not to turn (in purpose) → a. 偶然发生的;not turn, 没有转向 → a. 疏忽的,不留意的
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position: (13, 1)

正面: inalienable
definition: 【考法】adj. 不可剥夺的,不能让与的:cannot be transferred to another or others
[例] inalienable rights of the citizen 公民不可予夺的权利
[近] untransferable
[反] alienable 可让与的
symbol: [ɪn'eɪliənəbl]
zhuji: 【记】alienable（adj 可让与的）；alien（adj 外国的；疏远的）in不，alien疏远的，able－不可疏远的－不可分割的
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [not] + ali [another] + en + -able [a.], not able to (be transferred to) another (people) → a. 不可剥夺的,不能让与的
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position: (13, 1)

正面: inane
definition: 【考法】adj. 空洞的:lacking significance, meaning, or point
[例] inane comments 空洞的评论
[近] empty, insubstantial, pointless, senseless
[反] meaningful, significant 有意义的;deep, profound 深刻的
symbol: [ɪ'neɪn]
zhuji: 【记】I一个，nan男，e：一个男的呆着有什么意义？
zhuji3000: 【联】 in + (n) ane [none], in none → a. 空洞的
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position: (13, 1)

正面: inanimate
definition: 【考法】adj. 无生命的:not having the qualities associated with active, living organisms
[例] He thinks that inanimate objects have a life of their own. 他认为无生命的事物其实也是有生命的。
[近] dead, lifeless, insensible, insentient, senseless, unfeeling
[反] animate, living 有生命的
symbol: [ɪn'ænɪmət]
zhuji: 【记】animate（v 鼓舞adj 生气勃勃的）源于：animal（n 动物；牲畜）
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [not] + anim [life, 生命] + -ate [a.], not living → a. 无生命的
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position: (13, 1)

正面: inaugurate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使就职:to induct into an office by a formal ceremony
[例] A new leader will be inaugurated soon. 新的领导即将就职。
[近] induct, initiate, install, instate, invest, seat
[反] abdicate, resign 辞职,退位
【考法2】vt. 开始:to cause to begin, especially officially or formally
[例] inaugurate a new immigration policy 实施新的移民政策
[近] begin, commence, establish, institute, introduce, launch, open, plant, start
[反] cease, close, end, terminate 结束
[派] inauguration n. 就职;开始
symbol: [ɪ'nɔ:gjəreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】in进入，augur（v 预言；开始），ate－开始进入－就职
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position: (13, 1)

正面: incandescent
definition: 【考法1】adj. 明亮灿烂的:strikingly bright, radiant, or clear
[例] incandescent light bulbs 明亮的灯泡
[近] beaming, brilliant, dazzling, effulgent, glowing, lucent, luminous, lustrous, radiant, refulgent, shining
[反] dim, dull, lackluster 黯淡的
【考法2】adj. 热情饱满的,感情强烈的:characterized by glowing zeal
[例] It makes me incandescent with fury. 它让我愤怒不已。
[近] ardent, demonstrative, emotional, fervid, impassioned, passionate, torrid, vehement
[反] cold, cool, dispassionate, emotionless, impassive, unemotional 无感情的,漠然的
symbol: [ˌɪnkæn'desnt]
zhuji: 【记】in进入，cand白热，escent开始…的－开始发热的－发白热光的
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position: (13, 1)

正面: incantation
definition: 【考法】n. 咒语:a spoken word or set of words believed to have magic power
[例] Hovering over the sick child, the witch doctor muttered mysterious incantations. 巫医在生病的小孩子身边走来走去,嘴里念着神秘的咒语。
[近] abracadabra, bewitchment, charm, conjuration, enchantment, glamour, hex, invocation
symbol: [ˌɪnkæn'teɪ∫n]
zhuji: 【记】cant（n 黑话）读：砍他，作为词根“唱”in，cant，ation＝达到进去砍他的效果－念咒语。
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in] + cant [sing] + -ation [n.], (魔女) 进入唱的状态 → n. 咒语
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position: (13, 1)

正面: incarnate
definition: 【考法1】[ɪn'kɑ:rnət] adj. 化身的,人形化的:invested with bodily nature and form
[例] He referred to her as devil incarnate. 他把她视作恶魔的化身。
[近] embodied, materialized, personified, typified
【考法2】[ɪn'kɑ:rneɪt] vt. 使(思想、理论)具化,体现:to constitute an embodiment or type of
[例] the general view that Hitler incarnated extreme egotism 通常认为希特勒代表了极端的以自我为中心
[近] epitomize, incorporate, manifest, materialize, personalize, personify, substantiate, symbolize
[反] disembody 使(灵魂等)脱离躯体
[派] incarnation n. 化身
symbol: None
zhuji: 【记】in进入，carn肉，ate－变成肉体化身
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position: (13, 1)

正面: incendiary
definition: 【考法1】n. 煽动者:a person who stirs up public feelings especially of discontent
[例] behind-the-scenes incendiaries who were intending to overthrow the government 企图推翻政府的幕后煽动者
[近] demagogue, exciter, firebrand, fomenter, inciter, instigator, kindler, provocateur
【考法2】adj. 煽动性的:tending to inflame
[例] an incendiary speech 煽动性的演说
[近] agitational, instigative, provocative, seditious
[反] conciliatory, pacific 安抚性的
symbol: [ɪn'sendieri]
zhuji: 【记】in进入，cend＝cand白热，iary－燃烧发光－放火的；煽动的
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position: (13, 2)

正面: incense
definition: 【考法1】['ɪnsens] n. 芳香:a sweet or pleasant smell
[例] the heavenly incense of spring flowers 春天花朵发出的美妙芳香
[近] aroma, balm, bouquet, fragrancy, perfume, redolence, scent, spice
[反] fetor, malodor, reek, stench, stink 恶臭
【考法2】[ɪn'sens] vt. 激怒:to cause to be extremely angry
[例] This proposal will certainly incense female activists. 这个提案肯定会激怒女权主义者。
[近] aggravate, enrage, exasperate, inflame, infuriate, madden, outrage, rankle, rile, roil
[反] delight, gratify, please 取悦;appease, conciliate, mollify, pacify, placate, propitiate, soothe 缓和
symbol: None
zhuji: 【记】原指：供神所焚烧的香，用这种香杵你一下－激怒in进入，cense＝cand白热－用焚烧的香点燃怒气－激怒
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position: (13, 2)

正面: inception
definition: 【考法】n. 开端,开始:an act, process, or instance of beginning
[例] This seemed like a good program at its inception, but it isn't working out as planned. 一开始这像是个不错的项目,但是它没有按照我们的预期发展。
[近] beginning, birth, commencement, dawn, genesis, kickoff, launch, nascence, onset, outset, start, threshold
[反] close, conclusion, end, termination, omega 结束,终止
[派] inceptive adj. 开端的,初生的
symbol: [ɪn'sep∫n]
zhuji: 【记】in进入，cept拿，ion－拿进来－开始熟悉concept是作一件事的inception
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in] + cept [take] + -ion [n.], take (hand) in, 入手 → n. 开端,开始
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position: (13, 2)

正面: incessant
definition: 【考法】adj. 无间断的:continuing or following without interruption
[例] The incessant noise from an outside repair crew was a real distraction during the test. 考试时,窗外维修工发出的持续不断的噪音着实让人分心。
[近] ceaseless, continual, nonstop, perpetual, running, unbroken, unceasing, uninterrupted, unremitting
[反] interrupted 中断的;discontinuous, intermittent 有间断的
symbol: [ɪn'sesnt]
zhuji: 【记】in不，cess＝cease（v 停止；终了），ant－连续不断的
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [not] + cess [停止] + -ant [a.], 不停止的 → a.无间断的
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position: (13, 2)

正面: inch
definition: 【考法1】n. 少量,很短的距离:a very small distance or degree
[例] Give them an inch, and they'll take a mile 得寸进尺。‖Inch by inch, we're making progress toward our fund-raising goal. 我们在慢慢地接近筹款目标。
[近] ace, hairbreadth, skip, neck, step
【考法2】v.(使)慢慢移动:to move or cause to move slowly or by small degrees
[例] The car inched carefully across the snow-covered bridge. 汽车慢慢地通过被大雪覆盖的桥梁。
[近] crawl, creak, creep, limp, plod, slouch, snail
[反] dart, fleet, flit, scurry 飞奔,疾行
symbol: [ɪnt∫]
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position: (13, 2)

正面: inchoate
definition: 【考法1】adj. 新生的,才开始的:in an initial or early stage
[例] inchoate feelings of affection for a man 刚刚产生的好感
[近] aborning, beginning, inceptive, incipient, initial, nascent
[反] adult, full-blown, full-fledged, mature, ripe 成熟的,成型的;moribund 将死的
【考法2】adj. 未完全成型的:imperfectly formed or developed
[例] a vague, inchoate notion 模糊而不成形的想法
[近] amorphous, formless, shapeless, undeveloped, unformed, unshaped
symbol: [ɪn'koʊət]
zhuji: 【记】inch（n 英寸），o象嘴，ate吃：嘴只能一寸一寸的吃面条－小孩刚出生的－早期的in进入，choate＝chocolate巧克力：巧克力进入嘴的时候－刚开始融化
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position: (13, 2)

正面: incinerate
definition: 【考法】v. 将…烧成灰烬:to cause to burn to ashes
[例] The government is trying to stop farmers incinerating their own waste. 政府开始阻止农民们焚烧垃圾的行为。
[近] burn, carbonize
[反] douse, extinguish, quench, put out 扑灭
[派] incineration n. 焚化
symbol: [ɪn'sɪnəreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】in进入，ciner灰，ate－变成灰－焚化
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position: (13, 2)

正面: incipient
definition: 【考法】adj. 起初的,初现的:beginning to come into being or to become apparent
[例] an incipient economic recovery 刚刚出现的经济复苏
[近] aborning, beginning, inceptive, inchoate, initial, nascent
[反] adult, full-blown, full-fledged, mature, ripe 成熟的,成型的;moribund 将死的
symbol: [ɪn'sɪpiənt]
zhuji: 【记】in进入，cip掉，ient－事情刚掉进来－刚出现的
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in] + cip [take] + -ient [a.], take (hand) in, 入手 → a. 起初的,初现的
【联】 inception [n. 开端,开始]
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position: (13, 2)

正面: incite
definition: 【考法】vt. 煽动,激起:to provoke and urge on
[例] incite workers to strike 煽动工人罢工
[近] arouse, abet, foment, instigate, pick, provoke, raise, stir
[反] dampen, deter, discourage, dishearten, dissuade 劝阻
symbol: [ɪn'saɪt]
zhuji: 【记】in进入，cite剌激，唤起－唤起情绪－煽动被incite就会excite
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in] + cit [arouse] + -e [v.], (从里面) 唤起、使兴奋 [excite] → vt. 煽动,激起
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position: (13, 2)

正面: inclement
definition: 【考法1】adj.(天气等)恶劣的:lacking mildness
[例] inclement weather conditions 恶劣的气象条件
[近] bleak, harsh, severe, stormy, tempestuous
[反] bright, clear, cloudless, fair, sunny, sunshiny, unclouded 天气晴好的
【考法2】adj. 无情的,严酷的:showing no clemency; unmerciful
[近] bitter, brutal, intemperate, rigorous
[反] charitable, clement, lenient, merciful 仁慈的
[派] inclemency n. 严酷无情
symbol: [ɪn'klemənt]
zhuji: 【记】clement（adj 和蔼的；仁慈的）读：克莱门特
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position: (13, 2)

正面: incogitant
definition: 【考法】adj. 考虑不周的,不体谅的:thoughtless; inconsiderate
[例] an incogitant litterbug 不体谅人的乱扔垃圾者
[近] discourteous, disrespectful, ill-mannered, impertinent, inconsiderate, rude, thoughtless, ungracious
[反] civil, considerate, courteous, genteel, gracious, thoughtful 体谅他人的,举止得体的
symbol: [ɪn'kɑ:ʤɪtənt]
zhuji: 【记】cogitate（v 思考；考虑）读：考G－需要思考
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position: (13, 3)

正面: incongruent
definition: 【考法】adj. 不全等的;不一致的:not coinciding exactly when superimposed; not conforming to the circumstances or requirements of a situation
[例] Two triangles are incongruent. 两个三角形不全等。
[近] conflicting, discordant, discrepant, dissonant, incompatible, incongruous, inconsonant
[反] congruent, congruous, consistent 一致的
symbol: [ɪn'kɑ:ŋgruənt]
zhuji: 【记】congruous（adj 一致的；适合的）；congruent（adj 适合的）
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position: (13, 3)

正面: inconsequential
definition: 【考法1】adj. 不合逻辑的:not using or following good reasoning
[例] an inconsequential line of argument 不合逻辑的论述
[近] fallacious, illogical, invalid, irrational, unreasonable, unsound, weak
[反] logical, rational, reasonable, sound, valid, well-founded, well-grounded 有理的,论证有力的
【考法2】adj. 不重要的:of no significance
[例] That's an inconsequential problem compared to the other issues. 和其他问题相比,这就是一个无关痛痒的小事。
[近] fiddling, frivolous, inconsiderable, insignificant, minor, minute, negligible, nugatory, petty, slight, trivial
[反] consequential, eventful, important, meaningful, momentous, significant, substantial, weighty 重要的
symbol: [ɪnˌkɑ:nsɪ'kwen∫l]
zhuji: 【记】consequential（adj 结果的；重要的；有影响力的）
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position: (13, 3)

正面: incontrovertible
definition: 【考法】adj. 无可争议的:not open to question
[例] incontrovertible facts 无可非议的事实
[近] certain, inarguable, incontestable, indisputable, indubitable, positive, sure, undeniable, unquestionable
[反] arguable, controversial, debatable, disputable, problematic, questionable, refutable 有争议的
[派] incontrovertibility n. 无可争议
symbol: [ˌɪnkɑ:ntrə'vɜ:rtəbl]
zhuji: 【记】controvert（v 议论；辩论）
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [not] + contro- [contra-, against] + vert [turn] + -ible [a., able], not able to turn against → a. 无可争议的
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position: (13, 3)

正面: incorrigible
definition: 【考法1】adj. 不可救药的,积习难改的:incapable of being corrected or amended
[例] an incorrigible criminal deserving death penalty 一个应该被判死刑的恶习难改的罪犯
[近] incurable, irrecoverable, irredeemable, irremediable, irretrievable, unrecoverable, unredeemable
[反] curable, reclaimable, recoverable, redeemable, remediable, retrievable, savable 可以拯救的
【考法2】adj. 无法管制的:difficult or impossible to control or manage
[例] an incorrigible, spoiled child 被宠坏了的难管的孩子
[近] headstrong, intractable, obstinate, refractory, stubborn, unmanageable, unruly, willful
[反] compliant, docile, manageable, obedient, submissive, tractable 顺从的
symbol: [ɪn'kɔ:rɪʤəbl]
zhuji: 【记】corrigible（adj 可改正的；顺从的）；correct（adj 正确的vt 改正）
zhuji3000: 【记】 in- [not] + corrig [correct] + -ible [a., able], not able to correct → a. 不可救药的,积习难改的;无法管制的
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position: (13, 3)

正面: incriminate
definition: 【考法】vt. 归罪于:to accuse of a crime or other wrongful act
[例] incriminate innocent people 诬陷好人
[近] charge, criminate, impeach, indict
[反] absolve, acquit, exculpate, exonerate, vindicate 免罪
symbol: [ɪn'krɪmɪneɪt]
zhuji: 【记】crime（n 犯罪；罪恶）
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position: (13, 3)

正面: incubate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 孵化:to cover and warm eggs as the young inside develop
[例] The hen incubated her eggs for two weeks. 母鸡孵蛋两周。
[近] brood, hatch, sit
[派] incubator n. 恒温箱;incubation n. 孵化,孵卵
【考法2】vt. 帮助,培养,促进:to cause or aid the development of
[例] Hopefully, these youthful visits to the museum will incubate an enduring love of art. 我们希望年轻时参观博物馆能够培养人们对于艺术的持久热爱。
[近] advance, cultivate, encourage, forward, further, nourish, nurse, nurture, promote
[反] check, discourage, frustrate, hinder, impede, inhibit, obstruct, retard, shackle 妨碍,阻碍
symbol: ['ɪŋkjubeɪt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [on] + cub [lie] + -ate [v.], (hens) lie on (eggs) → vt. 孵化;引申 → vt. 帮助,培养,促进
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position: (13, 3)

正面: inculpate
definition: 【考法】vt. 归罪于:incriminate
[近] charge, criminate, incubate, indict
[反] absolve, acquit, exculpate, exonerate, vindicate 免罪
symbol: [ɪn'kʌlpeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】in使，cu1p错，罪，ate，－连累（某人）受罪
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in] + culp [guilt] + -ate [v.], 使 (某人) 进入罪行 → vt. 归罪于
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position: (13, 3)

正面: incursion
definition: 【考法】n. 入侵:a hostile entrance into a territory
[例] homes damaged by the incursion of floodwater 被洪水入侵破坏的房屋
[近] foray, inroad, invasion, irruption, raid
[反] retreat, withdrawal 撤退
symbol: [ɪn'kɜ:rʒn]
zhuji: 【记】in进入，cur跑，sion－跑进外国领土－入侵
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in] + cur [run] + -sion [n.], run in, 跑进来 → n. 入侵
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position: (13, 3)

正面: indelible
definition: 【考法1】adj.(印记等)无法擦除的:impossible to remove, erase, or wash away
[例] indelible ink 难以擦拭的墨水
[近] ineffaceable, ineradicable, inerasable, ingrained
[反] eradicable, erasable, removable, washable 可抹去的
【考法2】adj. 无法忘怀的:not easily forgotten
[例] most indelible experiences 最难以磨灭的经历
[近] impressive, memorable, unforgettable
[反] forgettable 容易被忘记的
symbol: [ɪn'deləbl]
zhuji: 【记】in不，del＝delete删除，ible：不能删除的
zhuji3000: 【记】 in- [not] + del [delete] + -ible [a.], not able to delete → a. (印记等) 无法擦除的;无法忘怀的
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position: (13, 3)

正面: indemnity
definition: 【考法】n.(损害、伤害等的)保险补偿:compensation for damage, loss, or injury suffered
[例] The widow now lives on a pension and an indemnity from her late husband's company. 这个寡妇如今依靠社保和前夫公司的保险赔偿过日。
[近] compensation, indemnification, quittance, recompense, redress, remuneration, reparation, requital
symbol: [ɪn'demnəti]
zhuji: 【记】in不，demn＝damn该死的，ity－不该死的，因为有保修
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position: (13, 4)

正面: indict
definition: 【考法】vt. 起诉,控告:to accuse of wrongdoing; charge
[例] indict the mayor for fraud and embezzlement 起诉市长受贿和挪用公款
[近] charge, criminate, impeach, incriminate
[反] absolve, acquit, exculpate, exonerate, vindicate 免罪
symbol: [ɪn'daɪt]
zhuji: 【记】in里面，dict说－在法庭里说－控告
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in, on] + dict [say], say (guilty) in (sb), (将罪行) 说到 (某人) 身上 → vt. 起诉,控告
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position: (13, 4)

正面: indifferent
definition: 【考法1】adj. 公平的:marked by impartiality
[例] They believed their art teacher could offer an indifferent judgment on their works' merits. 他们相信艺术老师会对他们作品的价值做出公正的评价。
[近] disinterested, equal, impartial, just, nonpartisan, objective, unbiased, unprejudiced
[反] biased, one-sided, partial, prejudiced 有偏好的;unjust 不公平的
【考法2】adj.(质量、档次等)中规中矩的,一般的:of average or below average quality
[例] an indifferent but drinkable cup of coffee 一杯尚可入口的咖啡
[近] average, common, fair, intermediate, mediocre, medium, moderate, ordinary, passable, so-so
[反] exceptional, extraordinary 极好的;inferior, poor 低档次的
【考法3】adj. 不感兴趣的,冷漠的:marked by a lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern for something
[例] indifferent about the result of CET-4 对四级成绩不感兴趣
[近] aloof, apathetic, detached, incurious, nonchalant, numb, pococurante, remote, unconcerned, uninterested
[反] attentive, concerned, interested 关切的,有兴趣的
[派] indifference n. 漠然
symbol: [ɪn'dɪfrənt]
zhuji: 【记】因为这些人的志向与我different（adj 不同的）所以我漠不关心
zhuji3000: 【记】 in- [not] + different, 没有差别,不区别对待 → (褒义) a. 公平的;(贬义) 不感兴趣的,冷漠的;某事物 (在质量等方面) 与其他同类事物没有差别 → a. (质量、档次等) 中规中矩的,一般的
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position: (13, 4)

正面: indigenous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 土产的,本地的:originating and living or occurring naturally in an area or environment
[例] the culture of the indigenous people of that country 那个国家原住民的文化
[近] aboriginal, endemic, native
[反] exotic, extraneous, foreign 外来的;nonnative 非本地的
【考法2】adj. 与生俱来的,先天的:being a part of the innermost nature of a person or thing
[例] The drive to create is indigenous to humanity. 人类创造的动力是与生俱来的。
[近] constitutional, essential, immanent, inborn, inbred, ingrained, innate, integral, intrinsic, natural
[反] adventitious, extrinsic 外在的;acquired, studied 后天习得的
symbol: [ɪn'dɪʤənəs]
zhuji: 【记】in里面，di地，gen产生，ous－在地里产生的－土生土长的in里面，dig挖－拼命往下挖，想要本地的人参。
zhuji3000: 【根】 in (di) - [in] + gen [generate] + -ous [a.], generate in (instead of “from outside”) → a. 土产的,本地的;与生俱来的,先天的
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position: (13, 4)

正面: indigent
definition: 【考法】adj. 贫穷的:lacking money or material possessions
[例] indigent people who require some outside assistance 需要外来援助的贫苦人民
[近] beggared, destitute, impecunious, impoverished, necessitous, needy, penniless, penurious, threadbare
[反] affluent, opulent, rich, wealthy 富裕的
[派] indigence n. 贫穷
symbol: ['ɪndɪʤənt]
zhuji: 【记】in否定，dig挖，ent－挖不出东西－贫困的
zhuji3000: 【联】 in- [not] + dig [挖] + -ent [a.], (地里) 什么都挖不出来 → a. 贫穷的
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position: (13, 4)

正面: indispensable
definition: 【考法】adj. 必不可少的,不可或缺的:impossible to do without
[例] She was becoming indispensible to him. 对他而言她逐渐变得不可替代。
[近] critical, crucial, imperative, necessary, necessitous, needed, required, requisite, vital
[反] dispensable 可替代的;redundant, superfluous, surplus 多余的
symbol: [ˌɪndɪ'spensəbl]
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [not] + dis- [away] + pens [hang] + -able [a.], not able to hang away, 不能挂在一边而不理会的 → a. 必不可少的,不可或缺的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (13, 4)

正面: indoctrinate
definition: 【考法】vt. 教育,灌输思想:to instruct especially in fundamentals or rudiments
[例] indoctrinate students with the notion of egalitarianism 向学生灌输平等主义的思想
[近] educate, instruct, lesson, teach, train, tutor
[反] learn, study 学习
symbol: [ɪn'dɑ:ktrɪneɪt]
zhuji: 【记】in里面，doctrine（n 教条；学说）－使教条进入你的头脑里面－灌输
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in] + doctrin (e) [doctrine] + -ate [v.], make sb. (believe) in (certain) doctrine → vt. 灌输思想,教育
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position: (13, 4)

正面: indolent
definition: 【考法】adj. 懒惰的:averse to activity, effort, or movement
[例] The sweltering afternoon made us indolent. 炎热的午后使我们懒散不愿行动。
[近] lazy, idle, shiftless, slothful, sluggish
[反] diligent, industrious 勤奋的
[派] indolence n. 懒惰
symbol: ['ɪndələnt]
zhuji: 【记】in不，dol悲痛，ent－不因为浪费时间而悲痛的－懒隋的in不，do作，lent借钱－整天不做事，光借钱－懒惰的
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [not] + dol [grieve] + -ent [a.], 不 (因一事无成) 感到悲伤 → a. 懒惰的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (13, 4)

正面: inducement
definition: 【考法1】n. 动机,刺激源:a motive or consideration that leads one to action
[例] offer an expensive watch as an inducement to ratify the proposal 赠送名贵手表以求计划得到批准
[近] goad, impulse, incentive, motive, spur, stimulus
[反] deterrent 抑制物
[派] induce v. 导致,产生
【考法2】n. 劝说,游说:the act of reasoning or pleading with someone to accept a belief or course of action
[例] He gave up smoking only after a prolonged inducement by all the other family members. 在所有家庭成员坚持不懈的劝说之下,他终于愿意戒烟了。
[近] conversion, convincing, persuading, suasion
symbol: [ɪn'du:smənt]
zhuji: 【记】induce（vt 劝诱；促使；引起）根：duce引导
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in] + duc [lead] + -ment [n.], (内在的) 引导行动的东西 → n. 动机,刺激源;被人引导 → n. 劝说,游说
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position: (13, 4)

正面: indulgent
definition: 【考法】adj.(对己)放纵的,(对他人)纵容的:showing, characterized by, or given to indulgence
[例] indulgent aristocrats 生活放纵的贵族
[近] decadent, forbearing, lenient, luxurious, tolerant, sybaritic
[反] ascetic 禁欲的;draconian 严酷的
[派] indulgence n. 放纵
symbol: [ɪn'dʌlʤənt]
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position: (13, 4)

正面: indurate
definition: 【考法1】adj. 铁石心肠的,冷酷无情的:having or showing a lack of sympathy or tender feelings
[例] an indurate heart that admits no love or mercy 一颗不认可爱或仁慈的冷酷心灵
[近] affectless, callous, heartless, inhumane, merciless, obdurate, pitiless, ruthless, unsparing, cold-blooded
[反] charitable, compassionate, humane, kindhearted, merciful, tender 仁慈的
【考法2】vt. 使变硬:to become physically firm or solid
[例] Great heat indurates clay. 高温使黏土变硬。
[近] concrete, congeal, firm, freeze, set, solidify
[反] liquefy 液化;soften 柔化
【考法3】vt. 使习惯于(如艰苦或尴尬之境况):to make able to withstand physical hardship, strain, or exposure
[例] Such a brutal upbringing could only callous his soul and indurate his heart to the suffering of others. 这样一种残暴的培养方式只会让他的灵魂变得麻木,让他的心灵对于他人所受的折磨无动于衷。
[近] fortify, inure, season, steel, strengthen, toughen
[反] enfeeble, weaken, undermine 弱化,使虚弱
symbol: ['ɪndjʊreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】in进入，dur坚硬，ate－进入坚硬的状态－使硬化
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position: (13, 5)

正面: industrious
definition: 【考法】adj. 勤勉的:constantly, regularly, or habitually occupied, diligent
[例] The industrious PhD spends all his summer holiday in the laboratory. 勤奋的博士整个暑假都在做实验。
[近] assiduous, busy, diligent, sedulous
[反] indolent, lazy, slothful 懒惰的
[派] industriousness n. 勤奋
symbol: [ɪn'dʌstriəs]
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position: (13, 5)

正面: ineffable
definition: 【考法】adj. 难以表达的:incapable of being expressed
[例] ineffable ecstasy 无法用语言表达的狂喜
[近] indefinable, indescribable, inexpressible, unspeakable, unutterable
[反] communicable 可传达的;expressible 可描述的
[派] ineffability n. 不可描述性
symbol: [ɪn'efəbl]
zhuji: 【记】effable（adj 能被说出的；可表达的）fable（n 寓言），作为词根是说的意思。
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [not] + ef- [out] + fa [speak] + - (a) ble [a.], not able to speak out (easily) → a. 难以表达的
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position: (13, 5)

正面: ineluctable
definition: 【考法】adj. 无法逃避的,必然的:not to be avoided, changed, or resisted
[例] Although death is an ineluctable fate for any and every individual organism, it lays the foundation of the metabolism that perpetuates the planetary ecosystem. 尽管死亡对于任何单个的有机体而言是不可避免的宿命,但它奠定了能使整个行星生态系统永不衰竭的新陈代谢的基础。
[近] certain, inescapable, inevasible, inevitable, unavoidable
[反] avoidable, evadable 可避免的;uncertain, unsure(结果等)不确定的
[派] ineluctability n. 不可避免
symbol: [ˌɪnɪ'lʌktəbl]
zhuji: 【记】in不，eluctable逃避的－不可避免的源于elude（v 躲避）
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position: (13, 5)

正面: inept
definition: 【考法1】adj. 愚笨的,荒谬的:displaying a lack of judgment, sense, or reason
[例] an inept and irresponsible remark on his paper 对他文章的荒谬而不负责任的评论
[近] absurd, foolish, fatuous, preposterous, stupid, witless, unwise
[反] judicious, prudent, sagacious, sapient, smart, wise 聪明的,明智的
【考法2】adj. 不恰当的,不合时宜的:not appropriate for a particular occasion or situation
[近] amiss, graceless, improper, inapposite, infelicitous, malapropos, perverse, unseemly, unsuitable
[反] appropriate, becoming, felicitous, fitting, genteel, proper, seemly, suitable 恰当的
【考法3】adj. 不称职的,无能力的:generally incompetent
[例] a hopelessly inept defense attorney 严重不靠谱的辩护律师
[近] incapable, inexpert, unfitted, unskillful, unqualified
[反] capable, competent 有能力的;proficient, masterful 精通的,技艺精湛的
[派] ineptitude n. 不合适
symbol: [ɪ'nept]
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position: (13, 5)

正面: inert
definition: 【考法】adj.(人)懒惰缺乏活力的;(物品)惰性的:sluggish in action or motion; deficient in active properties
[例] inert ingredients in drugs 药品中的惰性成分
[近] dead, dormant, lethargic, idle, inactive, passive, torpid
[反] active, dynamic 充满活力的;passionate 饱含激情的
[派] inertia n. 惰性
symbol: [ɪ'nɜ:rt]
zhuji: 【记】in不，ert＝art技巧－没有技巧－惰性的
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position: (13, 5)

正面: inevitable
definition: 【考法】adj. 不可避免的,必然的:incapable of being avoided or evaded
[例] The impact of the scandal on the election was inevitable. 丑闻对于选举的冲击是不可避免的。
[近] certain, ineluctable, inescapable, inevasible, sure, unalterable, unavoidable
[反] evitable, avoidable 可避免的;uncertain, unsure 不确定的
[派] inevitability n. 必然性
symbol: [ɪn'evɪtəbl]
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position: (13, 5)

正面: inexorable
definition: 【考法】adj. 无法劝阻的,不为所动的:not to be persuaded, moved, or stopped
[例] the seemingly inexorable rise in unemployment 看起来无法阻止其高攀的失业率
[近] inflexible, adamant, obdurate, relentless, rigid, unyielding
[反] flexible 易受影响的;yielding 屈服的
[派] inexorably adv. 势不可挡地
symbol: [ɪn'eksərəbl]
zhuji: 【记】exorable（adj 可说服的；可用恳求打动的）中间有词根ora说，ex出，ble能－能说出去的－可说服的
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [not] + ex- [out] + or [pray] + -able [a.], not able to pray out, 无法用诚恳打动的 → a. 无法劝阻的,不为所动的
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position: (13, 5)

正面: infamous
definition: 【考法】adj. 臭名昭著的:having an extremely and deservedly bad reputation
[例] an infamous city for smuggling and prostitution 因走私和卖淫而臭名昭著的城市
[近] notorious, opprobrious
[反] distinguished, esteemed, prestigious, reputable 声名显赫的,受尊敬的
[派] infamy n. 声名狼藉
symbol: ['ɪnfəməs]
zhuji: 【记】famous（adj 著名的）；fame（n 名望；名声）
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [not] + fam [fame] + -ous [a.], not [good] fame, bad fame → a. 臭名昭著的
[注] 单词fame [n. 名声,名望] 是别人说出的“ (好) 评价”。fame多的 [-ous] 就是famous [a. 著名的,有好名声的]。
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position: (13, 5)

正面: infatuate
definition: 【考法】vt. 使迷恋:to inspire with unreasoning love or attachment
[例] a naïve girl infatuated by cajolery 被甜言蜜语冲昏头脑的天真女孩
[近] allure, captivate, bewitch, enchant, fascinate
[反] disgust 使[反]感
[派] infatuation n. 迷恋
symbol: [ɪn'fæt∫ueɪt]
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position: (13, 5)

正面: inferno
definition: 【考法1】n. 大火:an intense fire
[例] A raging inferno posed a serious threat to the downwind villages. 肆虐的大火给下风向的村庄带来了严重的威胁。
[近] conflagration, holocaust
【考法2】n. 地狱:a place or a state that resembles or suggests hell
[例] the inferno of war 地狱般的战场
[近] hell, underworld
[反] paradise, heaven, nirvana 天堂,乐土
symbol: [ɪn'fɜ:rnoʊ]
zhuji: 【记】infer推断，no：推断的结果是no，因为前面是大火，纵是有一万个仙女也不要进去，必死无疑。令我非常敬佩的911的消防队员和警察们就是infer了yes，结果大多没有生还－熊熊大火源于：inferior（adj 下等的；下级的；劣等的）－地狱
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position: (13, 6)

正面: infiltrate
definition: 【考法】vt. 秘密潜入:to enter or take up positions in gradually or surreptitiously, as for purposes of espionage or takeover
[例] The intelligence staff had been infiltrated by spies. 情报工作人员已经被间谍渗透了。
[近] creep, insinuate, penetrate, sneak, slip
[反] abscond 潜逃
[派] infiltration n. 潜入,渗透
symbol: ['ɪnfɪltreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】filtrate（v 过滤；筛选）；filter（n 过滤器vt 过滤）
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position: (13, 6)

正面: infinite
definition: 【考法】adj. 无尽的,无限的:having no boundaries or limits
[例] the idea of an infinite universe 无限宇宙的概念
[近] endless, boundless, limitless, immeasurable, unfathomable
[反] finite 有限的;bounded, circumscribed, confined, definite, limited, restricted 有界限的,受限的
[派] infinity n. 无限
symbol: ['ɪnfɪnət]
zhuji: 【记】in无，fin范围－无范围的－无限的
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [not] + fin [border, end] + -ite [a.], 没有边界 → a. 无尽的,无限的
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position: (13, 6)

正面: infirm
definition: 【考法1】adj. 虚弱的:weak in body, especially from old age or disease
[例] her aging, infirm husband 她上了年纪、身体虚弱的丈夫
[近] debilitated, effete, enervated, feeble, frail, languid, sapped, unsubstantial
[反] hale, mighty, powerful, rugged, stalwart, stout, strong 强壮的,有力的
【考法2】adj. 不果断的,优柔寡断的:lacking firmness of will, character, or purpose
[例] She has little patience with the“infirm of purpose”. 她对那些优柔寡断的人没什么耐心。
[近] faltering, irresolute, vacillating, wavering
[反] resolute 果断的
symbol: [ɪn'fɜ:rm]
zhuji: 【记】firm（n 公司adj 结实的；坚固的）；infirmity（n 虚弱；缺点）
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [not] + firm [a. 坚定的;牢固的] → a. 不果断的,优柔寡断的;虚弱的
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position: (13, 6)

正面: inflame
definition: 【考法1】v. 点燃,燃烧:to set on fire
[例] A carelessly tossed cigarette inflamed the papers in the trash can. 一只被随意丢弃的香烟点燃了垃圾桶中的纸。
[近] enflame, enkindle, fire, ignite, kindle, light, torch
[反] douse, extinguish, quench, put out 熄灭,扑灭
【考法2】vt. 使加剧:to make more violent
[例] Retaliation served only to inflame the feud. 冤冤相报何时了。
[近] aggravate, enrage, exacerbate, intensify, ire, irritate, provoke, rile, vex
[反] assuage, mitigate, mollify, pacify, placate, subdue 平息
symbol: [ɪn'fleɪm]
zhuji: 【记】flame（n 火焰；热情；激情）；inflamed（adj 发炎的；红肿的）；
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position: (13, 6)

正面: infelicitous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 不愉快的,不幸的:not happy; unfortunate
[例] an infelicitous moment 不幸的时刻
[近] hapless, ill-fated, luckless, unfortunate, unhappy
[反] lucky, happy 幸运的,令人高兴的
【考法2】adj. 不适当的,不合时宜的:not appropriate or well-timed
[例] make a very infelicitous remark 做出极不恰当的评价
[近] inappropriate, indecorous, inept, malapropos, unfit, unseemly
[反] apt, appropriate, becoming, proper 合适的
[派] infelicity n. 不恰当
symbol: [ɪnfɪ'lɪsɪtəs]
zhuji: 【记】felicitous（adj 恰当的；善于措词的；幸福快乐的）；felicity（n 幸福；幸运；措辞恰当）根：felic幸福fe佛，li立，city：佛爷立在city上，保佑大家的幸福，所以在和佛爷说话的时候要得体
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position: (13, 6)

正面: influx
definition: 【考法】n. 涌入:a coming in
[例] They anticipated an influx of tourists next month. 他们预期下个月会有大批游客涌入。
[近] affluence, flux, income, inflow, inpouring, inrush
[反] exodus 大批离去;outflow, outpouring 流出
symbol: ['ɪnflʌks]
zhuji: 【记】flux（v 熔化；流出）
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in] + flux [flu, flow], flow in → n. 涌入
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position: (13, 6)

正面: infuriate
definition: 【考法】vt. 激怒:to make furious
[例] be infuriated by the deliberate insults 被蓄意的中伤激怒
[近] aggravate, enrage, exasperate, incense, ire, madden
[反] appease, assuage, pacify, placate, propitiate 平息,安抚;delight, gratify, please 取悦,讨好
[派] infuriated adj. 被激怒的
symbol: [ɪn'fjʊrieɪt]
zhuji: 【记】in进入，furi＝fury（n 狂怒；狂暴），ate－进入狂怒状态
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in] + furi [fury, n. 暴怒,形容词形式furious] + -ate [v.], 使…处于暴怒的状态 → v. 激怒
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position: (13, 6)

正面: infuse
definition: 【考法1】vt. 灌输,使…充满:to fill or cause to be filled with something
[例] New members infused enthusiasm into the club. 新成员为俱乐部注入了激情。
[近] endue, imbue, implant, ingrain, instill, permeate, suffuse, steep
[反] extract 提取
[派] infusion n. 注入
【考法2】vt. 鼓舞:inspire, animate
[例] a sense of purpose that infuses scientific researchers 给科学研究者打鸡血一般的使命感
[近] animate, exalt, motivate, stimulate
symbol: [ɪn'fju:z]
zhuji: 【记】in进入，fuse流－流进去－灌输
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in] + fus [pour] + -e [v.], pour in, 注入 → vt. 灌输,使…充满;pour (courage) in → vt. 鼓舞
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position: (13, 6)

正面: ingenious
definition: 【考法】adj. 聪明的,有创造才能的:marked by originality, resourcefulness, and cleverness in conception or execution
[例] Ingenious designers soon came up with a solution to the battery problem. 聪明的设计者们很快便提出了电池问题的解决方案。
[近] artful, clever, imaginative, innovative, inventive, original
[反] awkward 笨拙的;uncreative, unimaginative 无创造力或想象力的
symbol: [ɪn'ʤi:niəs]
zhuji: 【记】in里面，gen产生，ious多－聪明产生于大脑里面－天才
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in] + gen [generate] + - (i) ous [a.], 头脑中可以产生idea → a. 聪明的,有创造才能的
【派】 ingenuity [n. 独创性,创新性]
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position: (13, 6)

正面: ingenuity
definition: 【考法】n. 独创性,创新性:inventive skill or imagination
[例] There is little ingenuity in his articles. 他的文章鲜有独创性。
[近] creativeness, innovativeness, inventiveness, originality
[反] banality, cliché 陈词滥调
[派] ingenuous adj. 真挚的
symbol: [ˌɪnʤə'nu:əti]
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position: (13, 7)

正面: ingenuous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 天真淳朴的:lacking in cunning, guile, or worldliness
[例] Photographs captured the ingenuous smiles of young children at play. 摄影家捕捉到了演出中孩子们天真无邪的笑脸。
[近] artless, innocent, guileless, naïve, simple, unaffected, unpretending, unsophisticated
[反] artful, cunning, sly 狡猾的;assuming, hypocritical 虚伪做作的;sophisticated, worldly 世故的,老练的
【考法2】adj. 坦白的:openly straightforward or frank
[例] her ingenuous thirst for knowledge 她对知识毫不掩饰的渴望
[近] candid, frank, open, plain, unconcealed
[反] ambiguous, equivocal, evasive 含糊其辞的
symbol: [ɪn'ʤenjuəs]
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in] + gen [generate] + - (u) ous [a.], 处于新生状态的 → a. 天真纯朴的;坦白的
[注] 注意区分ingenuous [天真纯朴的; 坦白的] (参genuine [诚恳的; 真实的]) 与ingenious [聪明的] (参genius [天才])
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position: (13, 7)

正面: ingest
definition: 【考法】vt. 摄入,咽下:to take into the body by the mouth for digestion or absorption
[例] An expert claims that the average person ingests considerably more calories than is necessary or desirable. 一位专家宣称每个人平均摄取的卡路里大大超出了必要或者所需的范围。
[近] eat, consume, devour, intake
[反] evacuate, expel 排出;vomit 呕吐
[派] ingestion n. 摄取
symbol: [ɪn'ʤest]
zhuji: 【记】in里面，gest带，管子－带进肚子里面－咽下
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in, into] + gest [carry], carry into (body) → v.摄入,咽下
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (13, 7)

正面: ingrained
definition: 【考法】adj. 本质的,根深蒂固的:forming a part of the essence or inmost being; firmly established
[例] ingrained prejudice against foreigners 对外国人根深蒂固的偏见
[近] constitutional, immanent, inborn, indigenous, inherent, innate, intrinsic
[反] adventitious 外来的,偶然的;extraneous, extrinsic 非本质的,外在的
[派] ingrain vt. 灌输,使根深蒂固
symbol: [ɪn'greɪnd]
zhuji: 【记】原指：深嵌入纺织品纤维的。in进入，grain（n 谷物；木头的纹理）－入木三分－根深蒂固的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (13, 7)

正面: ingratiating
definition: 【考法1】adj. 讨人喜欢的:capable of winning favor
[例] They adopted the orphan who had a most ingratiating smile. 他们收养了那名有着最惹人喜欢的笑容的孤儿
[近] disarming, endearing, winsome
[反] disagreeable 令人厌恶的
【考法2】adj. 逢迎的,意在奉承的:intended or adopted in order to gain favor
[例] an repulsive ingratiating smile 令人反感的阿谀奉承的微笑
[近] adulatory, deferential, fawning, flattering, toady, insinuating
[派] ingratiate vt. 讨好
symbol: [ɪn'greɪ∫ieɪtɪŋ]
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in] + grat [pleased] + -iat (e) + -ing [n.], 使别人高兴的 → (褒义) a. 讨人喜欢的;(贬义) a. 逢迎的,意在奉承的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (13, 7)

正面: inherent
definition: 【考法】adj. 内在的,本质的:involved in the constitution or essential character of something
[例] a disposition inherent in human nature 人性内在的倾向
[近] constitutional, elemental, essential, inborn, ingrained, innate, intrinsic
[反] adventitious 外来的,偶然的;extraneous, extrinsic 外在的
[派] inherently adv. 内在地
symbol: [ɪn'hɪrənt]
zhuji: 【记】源于inherit（vt 继承；遗传），引申为天生的in里面，here附着：附着在内部－固有的
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in] + her [stick] + -ent [a.], stick in → a. 内在的,本质的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (13, 7)

正面: inimical
definition: 【考法1】adj. 带有敌意的:reflecting or indicating hostility
[例] a cold, inimical voice 冰冷而不友好的声音
[近] antagonistic, hostile, opposing, unfriendly
[反] amiable, amicable, friendly, hospitable 友好的;amenable 服从的
【考法2】adj. 危及某人利益的,不利的:opposed to one's interests
[例] Laws were designed to enhance national security but some regard as inimical to cherished freedoms. 法律旨在维护国家安全,但有人认为它危及了人们最为珍贵的权力——自由。
[近] counter, disadvantageous, negative, prejudicial, unfavorable
[反] advantageous, favorable, positive, supportive, well-disposed 有利的,利好的
symbol: [ɪ'nɪmɪkl]
zhuji: 【记】源于：enemy（n 敌人adj 敌人的）
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position: (13, 7)

正面: inimitable
definition: 【考法】adj. 无法仿效的,独特的:not capable of being imitated
[例] her own inimitable style 她特立独行的作风
[近] incomparable, matchless, peerless, unique, unparalleled
[反] commonplace, ordinary 平凡的
[派] inimitability n. 独特性
symbol: [ɪ'nɪmɪtəbl]
zhuji: 【记】imitate（vt 模仿；仿效）
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position: (13, 7)

正面: iniquity
definition: 【考法】n. 邪恶,不公正:gross immorality or injustice
[例] The use of illegal narcotics is not only a destroyer of personal health but also an iniquity that undermines our society. 非法的毒品不仅仅摧残着个人健康,还是一颗危害社会的毒瘤。
[近] corruption, depravity, debauchery, evil, infamy, sin, unfairness, wickedness
[反] integrity, rectitude 正直;virtue 美德;disinterestedness 公正
symbol: [ɪ'nɪkwəti]
zhuji: 【记】in不，iquit＝equal平等的－不公正的
zhuji3000: 【记】 in- [not] + iquity [equity], 不平等地对待,不公平 → n. 邪恶,不公正
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (13, 7)

正面: initiate
definition: 【考法1】[ɪ'nɪ∫ieɪt] vt. 创始,发动促进:to cause or facilitate the beginning of
[例] a chain reaction initiated by UV irradiation 紫外线激发引起的连锁反应
[近] begin, start, commence, inaugurate, introduce, launch
[反] terminate 终止
[派] initiative n. 主动性,首创精神
【考法2】[ɪ'nɪ∫iət] n. 刚入门的新手:a person who is undergoing or has undergone an initiation
[近] apprentice, beginner, novice, rookie, tyro
[反] veteran 身经百战的人
symbol: None
zhuji: 【记】initial（adj 最初的n 词首大写字母）
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position: (13, 7)

正面: inkling
definition: 【考法1】n. 轻微暗示,小提示:a slight indication or suggestion
[例] They hadn't given us an inkling of what was going to happen. 他们不给我们任何暗示将会发生什么。
[近] clue, cue, hint
【考法2】n. 略知:a slight knowledge or vague notion
[例] We do not have even the faintest inkling of what the project was all about. 我们对这个项目与什么有关毫不知情。
[近] glimmer
[反] insight 深刻理解
symbol: ['ɪŋklɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】ink（n 墨水），ling小：小墨水－如果在你的本子上总能发现小墨水，就会暗示你是一个粗心大意的人。
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (13, 8)

正面: innocuous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 无害的:producing no injury
[例] The government enacted a more strict regulation on innocuous preservatives. 政府对无害防腐剂制定了更为严格的规定。
[近] anodyne, benign, harmless, inoffensive, nontoxic, safe
[反] damaging, detrimental, harmful, injurious, noxious, pernicious, invasive 有害的
【考法2】adj. 乏味的,不会引起敌意的:not likely to give offense or to arouse strong feelings or hostility
[例] He made an innocuous remark to avoid conflict. 为了避免冲突,他做了一个中庸的评价。
[近] bland, inoffensive, insipid, neutral, sapless
[反] provoking 刺激性的
symbol: [ɪ'nɑ:kjuəs]
zhuji: 【记】in没有，noc＝nox毒害，受伤－无害的；无毒的
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [not] + noc [hurt] + (u) ous [a.], not hurtful → a. 无害的;乏味的,不会引起敌意的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (13, 8)

正面: innovative
definition: 【考法】adj. 创新性的:characterized by, tending to, or introducing innovations
[例] an innovative macro-economic strategy 创新性的宏观经济战略
[近] creative, ingenious, inventive, original
[反] conservative, hidebound 保守的
[派] innovation n. 创新
symbol: ['ɪnəveɪtɪv]
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in, into] + nov [new] + -at (e) [make] + ive [a.], make...into new → a. 创新性的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (13, 8)

正面: inquisitive
definition: 【考法】adj. 过分好奇的:inordinately or improperly curious about the affairs of others
[例] big sunglasses to frustrate inquisitive journalists 让狗仔队的企图无法得逞的大墨镜
[近] curious, inquiring, investigative, prying
[反] indifferent, unconcerned, uninterested 不感兴趣的;incurious 无好奇心的
[派] inquisitiveness n. 好奇
symbol: [ɪn'kwɪzətɪv]
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in, into] + quis [ask] + - (it) ive [a.], (对于某事物) 追问到内部细节 → a. 过分好奇的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (13, 8)

正面: insensible
definition: 【考法1】adj. 无知觉的:having lost consciousness, especially temporarily
[例] The security guard was knocked insensible by a sudden blow. 保安被突如其来的一击敲晕了。
[近] anesthetic, insensate, senseless, unfeeling, unconscious
[反] conscious 神志清醒的
【考法2】adj. 漠不关心的:not emotionally responsive
[例] insensible to workers' requests 对工人的要求无动于衷
[近] apathetic, bloodless, callous, dull, impassive, indifferent, nonchalant, phlegmatic
[反] concerned 关切的
【考法3】adj. 粗俗的,没品味的:lacking in refinement or good taste
[例] She married an insensible brute upon whom the niceties of life were completely lost. 她嫁给了一个毫无品味的凡夫俗子,从此她的生活再无任何情趣。
[近] crass, crude, incult, lowbred, tasteless, uncouth, uncultivated, uncultured, unpolished, unrefined, vulgar
[反] civilized, cultivated, cultured, genteel, polished, refined, smooth, tasteful 有品位的
symbol: [ɪn'sensəbl]
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [not] + sens [sense] + -ible [a.], not able to sense → a. 无知觉的;对某事故意表现出无知觉的 → a. 漠不关心的;对于礼节无知觉的 → a. 粗俗的,没品位的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (13, 8)

正面: insensitive
definition: 【考法1】adj. 缺乏机智圆滑的,缺乏社交技巧的:lacking tact
[例] so insensitive as to laugh at someone in pain 如此缺乏社交技巧以至于嘲笑处于悲痛中的人
[近] gauche, impolite, insensible, tactless
[反] considerate 为他人着想的
【考法2】adj. 不敏感的,麻木的:not responsive or susceptible
[例] insensitive to either criticism or commendation 对批评和表扬都不在乎
[近] anesthetized, dead, numb, senseless, unfeeling
[反] sensitive, tender 敏感的
symbol: [ɪn'sensətɪv]
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [not] + sensitive [sensitive], not sensitive → a.不敏感的,麻木的;对于 (待人接物的细节) 不敏感 → a. 缺乏机智圆滑的,缺乏社交技巧的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (13, 8)

正面: insentient
definition: 【考法1】adj. 无感觉的,无知觉的:lacking perception, consciousness, or animation
[例] He refused to believe that the universe as we know it evolved from the random interactions of insentient particles of matter. 他拒绝相信我们所知的宇宙是经由无生命的粒子间的相互作用演化而来的。
[近] impassive, insensate, insensible, senseless, unresponsive
[反] perceiving, sensible, sensitive 有知觉的
【考法2】adj. 一知半解的,略懂的:not having or showing a deep understanding of something
[例] an insentient therapist who failed to see what the teenager's real problem was 一个对这名青少年的真正问题所在一知半解的医生
[近] impercipient, unwise
[反] discerning, insightful 深邃的,有洞察力的;sagacious, sage, sapient 睿智的
symbol: [ɪn'sentiənt]
zhuji: 【记】in无，sent感觉一无感觉的；无生命的
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [not] + sent [sense] + - (i) ent [a.], not sense → a. 无感觉的,无知觉的;一知半解的,略懂的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (13, 8)

正面: insight
definition: 【考法】n. 深刻的理解:an instance of apprehending the true nature of a thing, especially through intuitive understanding
[例] an insight into the global-scale environmental problems 对于全球性环境问题的深刻理解
[近] discernment, perception, sagacity, sapience
[反] glimmer, inkling 略懂,略知一二
[派] insightful adj. 有洞察力的
symbol: ['ɪnsaɪt]
zhuji: 【记】in里面，sight（n 视觉；眼光）－眼光看进事物里面－洞察力
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in] + sight [sight], 深入地看 → n. 深刻的理解
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (13, 8)

正面: insipid
definition: 【考法1】adj.(食品)清淡无味的:lacking flavor or zest; not tasty
[例] a rather insipid soup 味道清淡的汤
[近] flat, flavorless, mild, sapless, savorless, tasteless
[反] piquant 辛辣的
【考法2】adj. 平淡的,无聊的:lacking in qualities that interest, stimulate, or challenge
[例] an insipid story of the prince and the princess一个关于王子和公主的无聊故事
[近] banal, bland, driveling, prosaic, tedious, uninteresting, vapid
[反] enchanting 引人入胜的
symbol: [ɪn'sɪpɪd]
zhuji: 【记】in进入，sip（v 吸吮；啜饮），id－进入啜饮的状态，说明东西不好喝的－无味的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (13, 8)

正面: insolent
definition: 【考法】adj. 粗野的,无礼的:audaciously rude or disrespectful
[例] an insolent child with no respect or regard for anyone 对他人不敬的无礼的小孩
[近] arrogant, audacious, bold, haughty, supercilious, impertinent, impudent
[反] courteous, polite 有礼貌的;respectful 恭敬的;meek, mousy, timid 胆小的
[派] insolence n. 无礼
symbol: ['ɪnsələnt]
zhuji: 【记】in不，sol悲哀，感情，ent－参加葬礼没有悲哀的－无礼的in不，sole孤独，nt：F4－言辞傲慢的
zhuji3000: 【记】 in- [not] + sol [solemn] + -ent [a.], not solemn → a. 粗野的,无礼的
[注] 形近近义词insult [v. 侮辱]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (13, 8)

正面: insouciant
definition: 【考法】adj. 无忧虑的,不在乎的:free from concern, worry, or anxiety
[例] an insouciant shrug 无所谓地耸耸肩
[近] carefree, casual, indifferent, nonchalant, unconcerned
[反] anxious, careworn 焦虑的;concerned, worried 关注的,担心的
[派] insouciance n. 不在乎
symbol: [ɪn'su:siənt]
zhuji: 【记】in不，souci使烦恼，ant：不会烦恼－漫不经心的souci是日本的外来语读：寿司（一种美味食品）在in寿司souci上的蚂蚁ant－有好吃的，所以无忧无虑的
zhuji3000: 【联】 in- [not] + souc [soul] + - (i) ant [a.], 没有用心 → a. 无忧虑的,不在乎的
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position: (13, 9)

正面: instate
definition: 【考法】vt. 任命:to set or establish in a rank or office
[例] The new Secretary of the Treasury was instated on Monday. 新的财政部长于星期一被任命。
[近] appoint, designate, inaugurate, induct, install, nominate
[反] dismiss, oust 罢免
symbol: [ɪn'steɪt]
zhuji: 【记】in进入state状态－任命，就职
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in] + stat [stand] + -e [v.], make sb. stand in (position) → vt. 任命
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (13, 9)

正面: instigate
definition: 【考法】vt. 煽动,激起:to goad or urge forward; to stir up
[例] This incident is instigated by a small group of people with ulterior motives. 此次事件是被少数别有用心的人煽动起来的。
[近] abet, arouse, excite, foment, goad, incite, inflame, provoke, stir
[反] assuage, allay, mitigate, mollify, pacify, soothe 平息,缓和
[派] instigation n. 煽动
symbol: ['ɪnstɪgeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】in进入，stig＝sting（v 刺；刺激），ate－刺激；煽动in进入，sti死踢，gate门－进入到居民楼里，死踢每家的门，煽动大家起来反对法轮功。
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in] + stig [stick] + -ate [v.], 向里面刺 → vt. 煽动,激起
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position: (13, 9)

正面: instill
definition: 【考法1】vt. 慢慢滴入:to cause to enter drop by drop
[例] instill medication into the infected eye 将药物滴入患者受感染的眼中
[近] inject
[反] extract 抽取
【考法2】vt. 灌输:to impart gradually
[例] instill a sense of responsibility to the young 向年轻人灌输一种责任感
[近] breed, enroot, implant, inculcate, infix, infuse, ingrain, plant, sow
[反] remove 移除
[派] instillation n. 滴入;灌输
symbol: [ɪn'stɪl]
zhuji: 【记】in进入，still滴－一滴一滴地灌入
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (13, 9)

正面: institute
definition: 【考法1】vt. 创立,制定:to establish, organize, and set in operation
[例] institute a new department 创建一个新的部门
[近] begin, constitute, create, found, inaugurate, launch, start, set up
[反] abrogate, efface, rescind 废除;close, shut 关闭;phase out 淘汰
【考法2】n. 机构:an organization for the promotion of a cause
[例] a research institute 研究机构
[近] association, institution, society
[派] institution n. 机构;习俗,制度
symbol: ['ɪnstɪtu:t]
zhuji: 【记】in进入，stitute站，建立－站进去；进入建立的状态－创立
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in] + stitut [stand] + e, into “stand”, 使处于stand的状态 → vt. 创立,制定;创立出的 (事物) → n. 机构
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position: (13, 9)

正面: insubordinate
definition: 【考法】adj. 不服从权威的:not submissive to authority
[例] Insubordinate soldiers are court-martialed. 抗命的士兵被送上了军事法庭。
[近] balky, contumacious, intractable, mutinous, recalcitrant, rebellious, refractory
[反] amenable, docile, obedient, ruly, submissive, tractable 顺从的
symbol: [ˌɪnsə'bɔ:rdɪnət]
zhuji: 【记】subordinate（adj 次要的；从属的n 下属）
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [not] + sub- [under] + ord [order] + in + -ate [a.], not under order → a. 不服从权威的
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position: (13, 9)

正面: insular
definition: 【考法】adj.(观念、想法等)孤立狭隘的:being, having, or reflecting a narrow provincial viewpoint
[例] the insular thinking of peasant communities 农民阶级的狭隘思想
[近] confined, local, narrow, parochial, provincial, regional, restricted
[反] cosmopolitan, ecumenical 有国际视野的;catholic(兴趣等)广泛的;receptive 善于接受的
symbol: ['ɪnsələr]
zhuji: 【记】insular＝island岛屿；参：peninsular（adj 半岛的）
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position: (13, 9)

正面: insulate
definition: 【考法】vt. 使绝缘,使隔离:to place in a detached situation
[例] greenhouse gas that insulates ground infrared radiation 能阻碍地表红外辐射的温室气体
[近] block, isolate, quarantine, seclude, segregate, separate, sequester
[反] connect, link, unite 连结;integrate 使成一体
[派] insulation n. 隔绝,绝热
symbol: ['ɪnsəleɪt]
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position: (13, 9)

正面: insurgent
definition: 【考法】n. 叛乱分子:one who breaks with or opposes constituted authority or the established order
[例] Insurgents armed with assault rifles and grenades ambushed a US convoy, resulting in heavy casualties. 持有突击步枪和手榴弹的叛乱分子偷袭了美军车队,造成重大伤亡。
[近] rebel, anarchist, antagonist, malcontent, mutineer
[派] insurgency n. 叛乱
symbol: [ɪn'sɜ:rʤənt]
zhuji: 【记】in里面，surge（n /v 汹涌澎湃），ent－国家里面汹涌澎湃－叛乱的
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in] + surg [rise] + -ent [n.], 在内部揭竿而起 → n. 叛乱分子
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position: (13, 9)

正面: intangible
definition: 【考法】adj. 无法感知的,无形的:incapable of being perceived by the senses
[例] intangible value of a good reputation 良好声誉的无形价值
[近] impalpable, imperceptible, imponderable, inappreciable, indiscernible, insensible, invisible
[反] corporeal 肉体的,有形的;palpable, tactile, tangible, touchable 可感知的
symbol: [ɪn'tænʤəbl]
zhuji: 【记】tangible（adj 通过触摸可以感知的）tang烫：一碗土豆炖牛肉特别烫，所以只能触摸碗的边缘来感知热的程度。这时的味道特别浓，因为分子的运动比较剧烈，所以tangy是（adj 扑鼻的）
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [not] + tang [touch] + -ible [a., able], not able to touch, 触摸不到 → a. 无法感知的,无形的
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position: (13, 9)

正面: integral
definition: 【考法1】adj. 构成整体所必需的:essential to completeness
[例] an integral part of the undergraduate curriculum 本科生课程的必修部分
[近] critical, essential, indispensable, necessary, requisite, vital
[反] redundant, superfluous, surplus 多余的
【考法2】adj. 完整的:not lacking any part or member that properly belongs to it
[例] the belief that athletics are essential to an integral life 坚信运动是完整的人生所不可或缺的一部分
[近] comprehensive, entire, full, grand, intact, perfect, plenary, total, whole
[反] imperfect, incomplete 不完美的,不完整的;partial 部分的
symbol: ['ɪntɪgrəl]
zhuji: 【记】in没有，tegr＝tang接触：没有接触－完整的
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [not] + teg [tag, touch] + (e) r + -al [a.], not touch, 未被动过 → a. 完整的;作为整体 [integer] 的一部分 → a. 构成整体所必需的
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position: (13, 10)

正面: integrity
definition: 【考法1】n. 正直:steadfast adherence to a strict moral or ethical code, devotion to telling the truth
[例] After a thorough investigation into“Climategate”, the panel concluded that the integrity of scientific community is still sound. 经过对“气候门事件”的彻底调查,专家组认为学术界的信誉和道德仍然是值得信赖的。
[近] conscience, honesty, incorruptibility, rectitude, righteousness, scrupulousness
[反] baseness 卑鄙;deceit, deceitfulness, dishonesty, lying, mendacity, untruthfulness 欺骗
【考法2】n. 完整性:the quality or condition of being whole or undivided
[例] try to maintain the integrity of the falling empire 尽力维持日趋西山的帝国的统一
[近] completeness, entireness, perfection, wholeness
symbol: [ɪn'tegrəti]
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position: (13, 10)

正面: intelligible
definition: 【考法】adj. 可理解的:capable of being understood
[例] military codenames intelligible only to those high-rank commanding officers 只有高级指挥官才能理解的军事暗号
[近] accessible, apprehensible, comprehensible, fathomable, lucid, understandable
[反] abstruse, recondite, inscrutable, insensible 难以理解的
[派] intelligibility n. 可理解性
symbol: [ɪn'telɪʤəbl]
zhuji3000: 【记】 intellig [understand, 参intelligence, 智力;理解力] + -ible [a., able], able to understand → a. 可理解的
[注] intelligence [n. 智力;理解力] (与intellect [n. 智力] 类似) 中的lig是词根lect的变体 (g与ct替换,元音替换)。类似的变体还出现在:negligence [n. 忽视] (neglect 的名词形式), eligible [a. 有资格当选的] (“可以 [-ible] 被选出 [elect] 的”)。
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position: (13, 10)

正面: intemperate
definition: 【考法】adj. 无节制的,极端的,不温和的:not temperate or moderate
[例] The tone of the article is very intemperate. 文章的论调很极端。
[近] excessive, extreme, immoderate, inordinate, overindulgent, unrestrained
[反] equable 温和的;bridled, checked, constrained, controlled, curbed, governed, hampered, hindered, trammeled 受限制的,节制的
symbol: [ɪn'tempərət]
zhuji: 【记】temperate（adj 有节制的；戒酒的）
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position: (13, 10)

正面: intensify
definition: 【考法】vt. 加强,激化:to make intense or more intensive
[例] Both companies intensified their efforts to win the contract. 为了获得这份合同,两家公司都加大了投入。
[近] accentuate, aggravate, amplify, deepen, enhance, magnify, redouble, strengthen
[反] abate, assuage, attenuate, mitigate, moderate 减缓,降低(程度)
[派] intensity n. 强度
symbol: [ɪn'tensɪfaɪ]
zhuji3000: 【根】 intens [intense] + -ify [v. to make], to make...intense → vt. 加强,激化
[注] intense [强烈的;紧张的] :一根绳子“处于 [in-=in] 拉伸 [tens=stretch] 的状态”就是“绷紧的”,一个人处于这种状态就是“紧张的”,即对外界事物有“强烈的”反应。
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position: (13, 10)

正面: inter
definition: 【考法】vt. 埋葬:to place in a grave or tomb
[例] The infamous terrorist leader Bin Laden was interred at sea. 臭名昭著的恐怖分子本·拉登被葬于海中。
[近] bury, entomb, inhume
[反] dig, disinter, excavate, exhume, unearth 掘出
symbol: [ɪn'tɜ:r]
zhuji: 【记】in里面，ter＝terr土地－放在土地里面
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position: (13, 10)

正面: intercessor
definition: 【考法】n. 调停者:one that mediates
[例] attend the meeting as the intercessor 作为调停人出席会议
[近] broker, buffer, conciliator, intermediate, mediator, peacemaker
[反] flame-fanner 煽风点火的人
[派] intercession n. 调停,斡旋
symbol: [ˌɪntər'sesər]
zhuji: 【记】原指：为他人向上帝祈祷或祈求源于：intercede（v 为别人说好话；求情；调停）inter中间，cede走－在两人之间走一为别人求情
zhuji3000: 【根】 inter- [between] + cess [go] + -or [n.], someone who goes between → n. 调停者
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position: (13, 10)

正面: interdict
definition: 【考法1】vt. 禁止:to forbid in a usually formal or authoritative manner
[例] Though not interdicted by law, such an action is morally wrong. 尽管这种行为不被法律所禁止,但是道德上来说是不对的。
[近] ban, forbid, prohibit, proscribe
[反] authorize 授权;allow, permit, suffer 允许;approve, endorse, ratify, sanction 批准
[派] interdiction n. 禁止,封锁
【考法2】vt. 阻止:to stop, seize, or interrupt while in progress or on course
[例] Federal agents are able to interdict only a small percentage of the narcotic shipments into the country. 联邦调查员们只能阻止一小部分流入国内的毒品。
[近] bar, block, check, hinder, intercept, impede, obstruct
[反] expedite 促进,加速
symbol: ['ɪntərdɪkt]
zhuji: 【记】原指一项基督教禁令：将某人或某地排除在大部分圣礼之外，并不准以基督教形式安葬。inter中间，dict说：在内部说出的禁令－官方禁止
zhuji3000: 【根】 inter- [between] + dict [say, words], interpose some words between, 插入 (警告性的) 话 → vt. 禁止;阻止
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position: (13, 10)

正面: interim
definition: 【考法1】n. 中间过渡时期,间隔:an interval of time between one event, process, or period and another
[例] Richard Wagner's operas usually require an interim of more than 30 minutes for performers to have a break. 理查德·瓦格纳的歌剧通常需要长达30多分钟的幕间休息时间以供演员调整。
[近] breach, break, gap, interruption, interval, interlude, parenthesis
[反] continuation, continuity 持续
【考法2】adj. 暂时的:serving in a position for the time being
[例] an interim government to maintain social stability 维持社会稳定的临时政府
[近] acting, provisional, temporary
[反] eternal, permanent 永恒的
symbol: ['ɪntərɪm]
zhuji: 【记】inter中间，im＝in在中间－中间时期
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position: (13, 10)

正面: interlock
definition: 【考法】vi. 连锁,连结:to become united or joined closely, as by hooking or dovetailing
[例] The branches of the trees interlock to form a natural archway. 树枝相互缠绕在一起,形成了天然的拱门。
[近] associate, connect, join, link, unite
[反] sunder 拆散
[派] interlocking adj. 连锁的
symbol: [ˌɪntər'lɑ:k]
zhuji3000: 【根】 inter- [相互] + lock [锁] → v. 连锁,连结
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position: (13, 10)

正面: interminable
definition: 【考法】adj. 无尽头的:having or seeming to have no end
[例] A large audience fell asleep during the interminable sermon. 许多观众都在冗长的布道演说中睡着了。
[近] continual, ceaseless, endless, everlasting, perpetual
[反] completed 完成的
symbol: [ɪn'tɜ:rmɪnəbl]
zhuji: 【记】terminable（adj 可终止的；有期限的）；terminate（v 停止；终止）inter中，min民，able：中国的人民是无尽头的
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [not] + termin [end] + -able [a.], no ending → a. 无尽头的
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position: (14, 1)

正面: intermittent
definition: 【考法1】adj. 间歇的,断断续续的:coming and going at intervals, not continuous
[例] intermittent rain in June 六月里断断续续的梅雨
[近] episodic, erratic, occasional, periodical, recurrent, recurring
[反] constant, continuous, incessant, unceasing 持续不断的
【考法2】adj. 不定期的:lacking in steadiness or regularity of occurrence
[例] The husband's intermittent employment put the family in a difficult position financially. 丈夫不稳定的工作使得全家陷入了经济上的困境。
[近] aperiodic, casual, catchy, discontinuous, irregular, occasional, spasmodic, sporadic, unsteady
[反] habitual 习惯的,惯常的;periodic, regular, repeated 定期的,有规律的,重复的
symbol: [ˌɪntər'mɪtənt]
zhuji: 【记】intermit（v 暂停；中断）；inter中间，mit松手－暂停
zhuji3000: 【根】 inter- [between] + mit [send] + - (t) ent [a.], send between, interrupt → a. 间歇的,断断续续的;不定期的
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position: (14, 1)

正面: interregnum
definition: 【考法】n. 过渡期:break in continuity
[例] The democratic regime proved to be a short-lived interregnum between dictatorships. 这个民主政权被证明只不过是两个独裁政权之间的短暂过渡罢了。
[近] breach, break, gap, interim, interruption, interval, interlude, parenthesis
[反] continuation, continuity 持续
symbol: [ˌɪntə'regnəm]
zhuji: 【记】inter中间，reg＝reign（n /v 统治），num－两个国王统治之间的时期－无王时期
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position: (14, 1)

正面: interrogate
definition: 【考法】vt. 质问,审问:to question formally and systematically
[例] interrogate the prisoner of war for valuable intelligence 审问战俘以获取有价值的情报
[近] ask, grill, inquire, milk, question
[反] answer, reply, respond 回答,回复
[派] interrogation n. 审讯
symbol: [ɪn'terəgeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】inter中间，rog问，ate－在犯人中间问－审问
zhuji3000: 【根】 inter- [between] + rog [ask] + -ate [v.], interactively (and formally) ask → vt. 质问,审问
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position: (14, 1)

正面: intimate
definition: 【考法1】['ɪntɪmət] adj. 有紧密联系的,亲密无间的:marked by very close association, contact, or familiarity
[例] intimate friends since childhood 孩童时期以来的密友
[近] familiar, close, confidential
[反] distant, remote 疏远的
【考法2】adj. 不为人知的:not known or meant to be known by the general populace
[例] They broke up after she shared intimate information with all 500 of her closest friends. 在她把那些不为人知的消息告诉了她500个密友之后,他们分手了。
[近] confidential, esoteric, nonpublic, secret
[反] open, public 公开的
【考法3】['ɪntɪmət] n. 密友:a person who has a strong liking for and trust in another
[例] Usually quite aloof in public, he's actually quite relaxed with his intimates. 通常他在大众面前显得比较孤傲,但和好朋友在一起时他却是个很放松的人。
[近] acquaintance, amigo, comrade, confidant, friend, insider, mate
[反] stranger 陌生人;enemy, foe 敌人
【考法4】['ɪntɪmeɪt] v. 迂回地交流,间接地沟通:to communicate delicately and indirectly
[例] intimate a wish to leave 暗示想离开
[近] allude, connote, hint, imply, indicate, infer, suggest
[反] articulate 清晰明确地说
symbol: None
zhuji: 【记】inti里面，mate（n 配偶vt 使配对vi 成配偶）－亲密的由于密友之间有默契，所以经常有暗示的举动－暗示
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position: (14, 1)

正面: intimidate
definition: 【考法】vt. 威吓:to make timid or fearful, frighten
[例] He refused to be intimidated by the manager. 他对经理的恐吓不为所动。
[近] browbeat, bully, coerce, cow, frighten, hector, terrify
[反] blandish, cajole, coax 用花言巧语讨好
[派] intimidation n. 恐吓
symbol: [ɪn'tɪmɪdeɪt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in] + tim [害怕] + -id + -ate [v.], 使进入害怕的状态 → vt. 威吓
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position: (14, 1)

正面: intoxicant
definition: 【考法】n. 使人陶醉的东西(尤指酒精饮料):an agent that intoxicates, especially an alcoholic beverage
[近] alcohol, liquor, stimulant
[反] refresher 使人清醒的东西
[派] intoxicating adj. 使人陶醉的
symbol: [ɪn'tɑ:ksɪkənt]
zhuji: 【记】intoxicate（v 使喝醉＝inebriate；使陶醉；使激动不已；使中毒）in使，tox毒，icate－使中酒精毒－使喝醉
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position: (14, 1)

正面: intransigent
definition: 【考法】adj. 不妥协的,固执的:characterized by refusal to compromise or to abandon an extreme position
[例] an intransigent attitude 不妥协的态度
[近] adamant, headstrong, intractable, obstinate, pertinacious, stubborn, uncompromising, unyielding
[反] compliant, pliable 易受影响的;tractable, yielding 容易驾驭的
[派] intransigence n. 顽固
symbol: [ɪn'trænzɪʤənt]
zhuji: 【记】transigent（adj 妥协的）trans交换，gen产生，t它（合同）：通过交换产生合同－因为妥协了。参：transfer（v 转移）
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position: (14, 1)

正面: intrepid
definition: 【考法】adj. 无畏的:characterized by resolute fearlessness, fortitude, and endurance
[例] an intrepid explorer 无畏的探险家
[近] audacious, brave, bold, courageous, dauntless, fearless, gallant, valiant, valorous
[反] apprehensive 恐惧的;cowardly, craven, gutless, pusillanimous, timorous 怯懦的,胆小的
[派] intrepidity n. 无所畏惧
symbol: [ɪn'trepɪd]
zhuji: 【记】trepid（adj 惊恐不安的）读：踹屁的－让你踹老虎屁股－惊恐的
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position: (14, 1)

正面: intrigue
definition: 【考法1】['ɪntri:g] n. 阴谋:a secret plan for accomplishing evil or unlawful ends
[例] The intrigue was quickly discovered, and the would-be assassins were arrested. 随着阴谋的迅速识破,未得手的刺客被逮捕了。
[近] conspiracy, design, intrigue, machination, scheme
【考法2】[ɪn'tri:g] vt. 激起…的兴趣:to arouse the interest, desire, or curiosity of
[例] The children are apparently intrigued by the tale. 孩子们很明显被这个传奇故事吸引了。
[近] appeal, attract, enthrall, entice, excite, fascinate, interest, occupy
[反] ennui, pall 使厌倦
[派] intriguing adj. 有趣的
symbol: None
zhuji: 【记】in进入，trigue＝tric计谋－用计谋让你进入兴趣源于：trigger（vt 引发；n 板机）－引起兴趣
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position: (14, 1)

正面: intrinsic
definition: 【考法】adj. 固有的,内在的:of or relating to the essential nature of a thing
[例] the intrinsic worth of a gem 宝石的内在价值
[近] congenial, constitutional, immanent, inborn, inherent, innate, native, natural
[反] adventitious, extraneous, extrinsic 外在的
symbol: [ɪn'trɪnsɪk]
zhuji: 【记】intr＝intro向内，insic＝inside（adv 在里面）一内在的；本质的
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position: (14, 2)

正面: intuitive
definition: 【考法】adj. 直觉的:knowing or perceiving by intuition
[例] The twins have an intuitive awareness of each other's feelings. 这对双胞胎天生就能感知彼此的感受。
[近] instinctive
[反] acquired 后天习得的
[派] intuition n. 直觉
symbol: [ɪn'tu:ɪtɪv]
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position: (14, 2)

正面: inundate
definition: 【考法】vt. 淹没:to cover with or as if with flood
[例] inundated with trash e-mails 被垃圾邮件所淹没
[近] avalanche, deluge, drown, engulf, overflow, overwhelm, submerge
[反] drain 排空
[派] inundation n. 淹没
symbol: ['ɪnʌndeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】in进入，und波浪，ate一进入波浪一淹没
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in] + und [flow] + -ate [v.], flow in, 流进 (船只等) → vt. 淹没
【联】 使 [-ate] 进到 [in-] 下面 [und (er) ] → vt. 淹没
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position: (14, 2)

正面: inure
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使习惯接受不好的东西:to accustom to accept something undesirable
[例] children inured to violence 习惯了暴力的孩子们
[近] accustom, familiarize, habituate
[派] inured adj. 习惯的
【考法2】vt. 使坚强:to make able to withstand physical hardship, strain, or exposure
[例] The hardship of army training inured her to the rigors of desert warfare. 军营里的艰苦训练把她打造成了能适应沙漠艰苦战事的女兵。
[近] fortify, indurate, season, steel, strengthen, toughen
[反] enfeeble, soften, weaken, undermine 弱化,使虚弱
symbol: [ɪ'njʊr]
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position: (14, 2)

正面: invective
definition: 【考法】adj. 侮辱性的:of, relating to, or characterized by insult or abuse
[例] invective comments on female activists 对女权主义者的侮辱性评论
[近] abusive, opprobrious, scurrile, scurrilous, truculent, vitriolic, vituperative
[反] adulatory, flattery 阿谀奉承的;complimentary 称赞的
symbol: [ɪn'vektɪv]
zhuji: 【记】in进入，vect恶，坏，猛烈，ive一使用恶言－辱骂读：尹外科tive，尹外科是北京某医院的主任医师，医10死9－该骂！！！
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position: (14, 2)

正面: inveigh
definition: 【考法】vi. 激烈抗议,表示强烈不满:to protest or complain bitterly or vehemently
[例] inveigh against the bank industry 对银行业表示强烈不满
[近] gripe, grouse, object, protest, remonstrate, repine
[反] support 支持;delight, rejoice 感到高兴
symbol: [ɪn'veɪ]
zhuji: 【记】in进入，veigh＝vect恶，坏，猛烈－辱骂读：淫威－对于有淫威的人要破口大骂！！！
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position: (14, 2)

正面: inveigle
definition: 【考法】vt. 诱骗:to win over by coaxing, flattery, or artful talk
[例] inveigle consumers into buying the item 诱骗顾客购买商品
[近] allure, bait, decoy, entice, entrap, seduce, tempt
[反] demand 强求
[派] inveigling adj. 诱骗性的
symbol: [ɪn'veɪgl]
zhuji: 【记】in进入，veigle＝veil（n 面纱v 掩饰）－进入面纱－带着面纱的阿拉伯美女－诱骗
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position: (14, 2)

正面: inventory
definition: 【考法1】n. 存货清单:a detailed, itemized list, report, or record of things in one's possession, especially a periodic survey of all goods and materials in stock
[例] The dealership has an unusually large inventory of pre-owned vehicles. 销售商手中有着一份巨大的二手车库存单。
[近] budget, pool, repertoire, reservoir, stock
【考法2】n.(包含要点的)简介:a short statement of the main points
[例] They decided to offer the public an informative inventory of everything that is known about the virus at this time. 他们决定向公众提供一份极富价值的报告,它涵盖了目前为止关于这种病毒的所有认识。
[近] abstract, brief, epitome, outline, résumé, summarization, synopsis
symbol: ['ɪnvəntɔ:ri]
zhuji: 【记】列inventory不需要invention（n 创造发明），要如实记录
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in] + vent [come] + -ory [n.], a record for “come in” → n. 存货清单;存货清单上的内容 → n. (包含要点的) 简介
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position: (14, 2)

正面: inveterate
definition: 【考法】adj. 积习的:firmly established by long persistence
[例] the inveterate tendency to overlook the obvious 总是忽视显而易见事物的习惯
[近] chronic, entrenched, ingrained, rooted, settled, hard-cored
[反] adventitious 偶然的
symbol: [ɪn'vetərət]
zhuji: 【记】in进入，veter老，ate－进入老的状态－积习已深的
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position: (14, 2)

正面: invidious
definition: 【考法1】adj. 惹人反感的:tending to cause discontent, animosity, or envy
[例] the invidious task of arbitration 令人反感的仲裁任务
[近] abhorrent, detestable, obnoxious, odious, repugnant, repellent
[反] agreeable, gratifying, pleasant 令人高兴的
【考法2】adj. 羡慕嫉妒恨的:having or showing mean resentment of another's possessions or advantages
[例] Inevitably, his remarkable success attracted the invidious attention of the other sales representatives. 不可避免地,他的巨大成功引来了其他销售代表羡慕嫉妒恨的眼光。
[近] covetous, envious, jaundiced, jealous, resentful, green-eyed
symbol: [ɪn'vɪdiəs]
zhuji: 【记】in不，vid看，ious－不值得看的－招人反感的
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in, upon] + vid [see] + -ious [a.], (过于) 看 (别人) 的 → (把人惹毛了) a. 惹人反感的;羡慕嫉妒恨的
[注] invidious与envy [n.&v. 嫉妒] 是同源词。envy中的en-相当于in-,vy相当于vid
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position: (14, 2)

正面: invigorate
definition: 【考法】vt. 使精神,使强壮,鼓舞激励:to impart vigor, strength, or vitality to
[例] news that invigorates the public 给大众打鸡血的新闻
[近] animate, energize, fortify, reinforce, strengthen, vitalize
[反] dampen, deaden, debilitate, emaciate, sap 使衰弱;demoralize 使士气衰落
[派] invigorated adj. 精力充沛的
symbol: [ɪn'vɪgəreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】vigor（n 精力；活力）
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position: (14, 3)

正面: invincible
definition: 【考法】adj. 不可战胜的,不可超越的:incapable of being conquered, overcome, or subdued
[例] The soccer team proved to be invincible. 这支球队证明了自己是不可战胜的。
[近] bulletproof, impregnable, invulnerable, unbeatable, unconquerable
[反] conquerable 可被征服的;surmountable 可超越的;vulnerable 脆弱的,敏感的
[派] invincibility n. 无敌
symbol: [ɪn'vɪnsəbl]
zhuji: 【记】vincible（adj 容易征服的）根：vinc征服
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position: (14, 3)

正面: invoke
definition: 【考法1】vt. 实施:to put into effect or operation
[例] New train timetable has been invoked. 新的火车时刻表已经生效。
[近] enforce, effect, execute, implement, perform
[反] suspend 暂停,搁置
【考法2】vt. 产生,造成:to be the cause of(a situation, action, or state of mind)
[例] We should be prepared for the possibility that any solution may invoke another set of problems. 我们必须要为这样一种可能做好心理准备:任何解决方案都可能带来一系列新的问题。
[近] beget, bring, catalyze, cause, create, engender, generate, induce, produce, result
symbol: [ɪn'voʊk]
zhuji: 【记】in进入，voke喊－进门大喊－恳求
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in, into] + voke [call], call (plan) in → vt. 实施;call into (situation) → vt. 产生,造成
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position: (14, 3)

正面: irascible
definition: 【考法】adj. 易怒的:marked by hot temper and easily provoked anger
[例] The new boss is so irascible that several employees have resigned. 由于新老板太容易发飙,许多员工已经递交了辞呈。
[近] choleric, irritable, peevish, petulant
[反] affable 和蔼的
symbol: [ɪ'ræsəbl]
zhuji: 【记】i坏，rasc摩擦，ible－一摩擦就坏－易发怒的源于irritable＝irascible
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position: (14, 3)

正面: irate
definition: 【考法】adj. 极其愤怒的:extremely angry
[例] an irate taxpayer 极为愤怒的纳税人
[近] aggravated, apoplectic, choleric, enraged, exasperated, infuriated, ireful, mad, wrathful
[反] calm, halcyon 平静的;delighted, pleased 高兴的,满意的
symbol: [aɪ'reɪt]
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position: (14, 3)

正面: iridescent
definition: 【考法】adj. 五颜六色的:displaying a play of lustrous colors like those of the rainbow
[例] an iridescent soap bubble 一个五颜六色的肥皂泡
[近] nacreous, opalescent, pearlescent
[反] monochromatic 单色的
[派] iridescence n. 五彩斑斓
symbol: [ˌɪrɪ'desnt]
zhuji: 【记】源于Iris（n 艾丽丝：彩虹女神，负责为诸神报信）
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position: (14, 3)

正面: irk
definition: 【考法1】n. 令人烦恼的事物:something that is a source of irritation
[例] One of the prof's major irks is a cell phone that rings during a lecture. 课堂上突然响起的手机铃声是最让教授火大的事情之一。
[近] aggravation, bother, exasperation, frustration, headache, irritant, nuisance, vexation
【考法2】vt. 使烦恼,使厌倦:to cause to be irritating, wearisome, or vexing to
[例] She irked her friends by chewing her gum loudly during the movie. 她因为看电影时嚼口香糖弄出声响而惹怒了她的朋友们。
[近] annoy, bother, fret, gall, provoke, ruffle, vex
[反] appease, assuage, pacify, placate, propitiate, soothe 安抚,平息
[派] irksome adj. 令人厌烦的
symbol: [ɜ:rk]
zhuji: 【记】读：饿渴－又饿又渴－很烦smirk－smile irk－又饿又渴还能smile－（v 傻笑n 假笑）
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position: (14, 3)

正面: ironclad
definition: 【考法】adj. 非常坚固的,坚不可摧的:so firm or secure as to be unbreakable
[例] pride on their ironclad fleet 对他们坚不可摧的舰队感到自豪
[近] firm, invulnerable, secure, sound, tenacious, tough
[反] fragile 脆弱的
symbol: ['aɪərnklæd]
zhuji: 【记】iron（n 铁），clad（vt 在金属外覆以另一种金属）原指：19世纪两则用金属片作为护甲的战舰－十分坚固的
zhuji3000: 【根】 iron [铁] + clad [clothe [穿] 的过去分词, 穿 (衣服) 的, 被…覆盖的], 被铁覆盖的 → a. 非常坚固的,坚不可摧的
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position: (14, 3)

正面: irradicable
definition: 【考法】adj. 不能根除的:impossible to uproot or destroy
[例] Smoking has become an irradicable bad habit for him. 吸烟已成了他不能根除的恶习。
[近] entrenched, ineradicable, ingrained, inveterate, rooted
[反] eradicable 可根除的
symbol: [ɪ'rædɪkəbl]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ir- [in-, not] + rad [root] + ic + -able [a., able], not able to “root out” → a. 不能根除的
[注] 词根rad表示root【根】,radical指“根本的”,彻底的,激进的 [由根开始“彻底的改革”]
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position: (14, 3)

正面: irreducible
definition: 【考法】adj.(数)不可约分的:incapable of being factored into polynomials of lower degree with coefficients in some given field(as the rational numbers)or integral domain(as the integers)
[例] irreducible integrals 质数
[反] factorable 可约分的
symbol: [ˌɪrɪ'du:səbl]
zhuji: 【记】reduce（vt 减少；简化）
zhuji3000: 【记】 ir- [in-, not] + reduc (e) [化简] + -ible [a.], not able to reduce → a. (数) 不可约分的
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position: (14, 3)

正面: irrigate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 灌溉:to supply(dry land)with water by means of ditches, pipes, or streams; water artificially
[例] irrigate crops periodically 定期灌溉农作物
[近] water
[派] irrigation n. 灌溉
【考法2】vt. 冲洗:to flush(a body part)with a stream of liquid(as in removing a foreign body or medicating)
[例] irrigate the wound 冲洗伤口
[近] flush, rinse, wash
symbol: ['ɪrɪgeɪt]
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position: (14, 4)

正面: irritate
definition: 【考法】vt. 刺激,惹恼:to provoke impatience, anger, or displeasure in
[例] His rude interruptions really irritated her. 他粗鲁的打断激怒了她。
[近] aggravate, annoy, exasperate, gall, inflame, nettle, peeve, provoke, rile, roil
[反] appease, assuage, pacify, placate, propitiate, soothe 安抚,平息
[派] irritant n. 刺激物
symbol: ['ɪrɪteɪt]
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position: (14, 4)

正面: issue
definition: 【考法1】n.(有争议的)话题,议题:a matter that is in dispute between two or more parties
[例] focused on economic and political issues 重点关注经济和政治话题
[近] nut, problem, question
【考法2】v. 发布(期刊等):to produce and release for distribution in printed form
[例] plans to issue a monthly newsletter 计划发布新闻月刊
[近] print
【考法3】v.(使)流出:to(cause to)go, come, or flow out
[例] strange sound issued from the abandoned house 废弃房中传来的奇怪声音
[近] discharge, emit, exude, release, vent
[反] withdraw 撤回
symbol: ['ɪ∫u:]
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position: (14, 4)

正面: jabber
definition: 【考法】vi. 快而不清楚地说:to talk rapidly, indistinctly, or unintelligibly
[例] monkeys jabbering at each other in their cages 在笼子里唧唧歪歪的猴子
[近] babble, blabber, drivel, gabble, gibber, mumbo jumbo
[反] speak slowly 慢慢地说
symbol: ['ʤæbər]
zhuji: 【记】象声词原指：鸟或猴子吱吱喳喳地叫读：结巴－（急促含混不清或无意义）地讲话
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position: (14, 4)

正面: jaded
definition: 【考法1】adj. 疲惫的:depleted in strength, energy, or freshness
[例] After that long bar exam, I'm too jaded for anything but a nap. 漫长的律师资格考试结束后,我累得只想睡觉。
[近] drained, exhausted, fatigued, prostrate, spent, wearied, worn-out
【考法2】adj. 厌倦的,没兴趣没热情的:having one's patience, interest, or pleasure exhausted
[例] Even jaded sci-fi fans are finding this new space adventure fresh and exciting. 即使是见多识广、口味很挑的科幻小说忠粉也觉得这次的太空探险非常新鲜有趣。
[近] bored, tired, wearied, fed up
[反] absorbed, engaged, engrossed, interested, intrigued, rapt 有兴趣的
symbol: ['ʤeɪdɪd]
zhuji: 【记】源于：jade（n 疲惫的老母马；v 使疲倦）ja假，de的：作假的东西销路好所以过度劳累的。
zhuji3000: 【记】 jade [老马] + - (e) d [a.] → a. 疲惫的;厌倦的,没兴趣没热情的
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position: (14, 4)

正面: jape
definition: 【考法】v. 嘲弄:to say or do something jokingly or mockingly
[例] The characters in Oscar Wilde's plays jape with a sophistication that is rarely encountered in real life. 奥斯卡·王尔德戏剧作品中的角色用一种十分世故的态度进行嘲讽,而这种态度在真实生活当中是很少见的。
[近] jest, quip, wisecrack, banter, chaff, gag, jive, jolly, josh
[反] revere 尊敬
symbol: [ʤeɪp]
zhuji: 【记】jape拼音：扎破，开玩笑可以扎破紧张的气氛
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position: (14, 4)

正面: jargon
definition: 【考法】n. 行业术语:the specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar group
[例] medical jargon that the layman cannot understand 外行不理解的医学术语
[近] argot, cant, dialect, jive, lingo, patois
symbol: ['ʤɑ:rgən]
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position: (14, 4)

正面: jarring
definition: 【考法1】adj. 刺耳的:harsh or discordant
[例] The final chord of that song is too jarring for me. 那首歌最后的合声部分太刺耳了。
[近] grating, cacophonous, strident
[反] melodious 音调优美的
【考法2】adj. 震惊的:causing a strong emotional reaction because of unexpectedness
[例] The jarring news that major financial institutions were on the verge of collapse. 有消息称主要的几个金融机构处于倒闭的边缘,真是让人震惊。
[近] amazing, astonishing, astounding, blindsiding, dumbfounding, flabbergasting, jaw-dropping, jolting, shocking, startling, stunning
symbol: ['ʤɑ:rɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】象声词：喳喳的声音
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position: (14, 4)

正面: jaundice
definition: 【考法】n.(因嫉妒或厌世而产生的)偏见:to affect with the negativity or bitterness of jaundice; bias
[例] the jaundice in the eyes of the two feuding neighbors 两个有积怨的邻居之间的偏见
[近] animosity, animus, antagonism, antipathy, gall, hostility, rancor
[反] amity 和睦,好感
symbol: ['ʤɔ:ndɪs]
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position: (14, 4)

正面: jaunty
definition: 【考法】adj. 轻快的,活泼的:sprightly in manner or appearance: lively
[例] a jaunty stroll 轻快的散步
[近] animate, brisk, energetic, frisky, perky, racy, spirited, vivacious
[反] staid, dead, inactive, inanimate, lackadaisical, languid, languishing, leaden, limp, listless, spiritless, vapid 无生气的
symbol: ['ʤɔ:nti]
zhuji: 【记】源于：jaunt（n 远足；短途旅游）＝joy＋aunt，姑奶奶很joy，是因为愉快的短程旅游。
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position: (14, 4)

正面: jejune
definition: 【考法1】adj. 无趣乏味的:not interesting; dull
[例] jejune lectures 无聊的讲座
[近] arid, drab, dreary, leaden, monotonous, ponderous, tedious, weary
[反] absorbing, engaging, engrossing, gripping, interesting, intriguing, involving, riveting, thought provoking 促人深思的,吸引人的
【考法2】adj. 幼稚的:having or showing the annoying qualities(as silliness)associated with children
[例] an essay filled with jejune, simplistic opinions about international politics 充满着有关国际政治的幼稚、简单看法的文章
[近] adolescent, immature, infantile, juvenile, kiddish, puerile
[反] adult, grown-up, mature 成熟的
symbol: [ʤɪ'ʤu:n]
zhuji: 【记】源于：june六月，做什么都是枯燥乏味的，因为太热了，吃不下饭，所以缺乏营养的。中间还有jun拼成菌：天天吃细菌，所以缺乏营养的。
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position: (14, 5)

正面: jettison
definition: 【考法】vt. 放弃,拒绝接受(想法、计划等): to get rid of as superfluous or encumbering; omit or forgo as part of a plan or as the result of some other decision
[例] The Government seems to have jettisoned the bail-out plan. 政府似乎已经放弃了这个救市计划。
[近] abandon, abdicate, discard, junk, reject, scrap, shed, slough, throw away
[反] rescue, salvage 救援,拯救
symbol: ['ʤetɪsn]
zhuji: 【记】jet（n /v 喷出），son（n 儿子）－喷出儿子－抛弃
zhuji3000: 【根】 jet [ject, throw] + - (t) ison [v.], 扔掉 → vt. 丢弃,投弃
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position: (14, 5)

正面: jeopardy
definition: 【考法】n. 危险:risk of loss or injury; peril or danger
[例] The city's firefighters routinely put their lives in jeopardy. 消防队员们早就把生命置之度外了。
[近] distress, endangerment, imperilment, peril
[反] safeness, safety, secureness, security 安全
symbol: ['ʤepərdi]
zhuji: 【记】读：jeo趴地，趴在地上是因为有危险。
zhuji3000: 【根】 jeo [joke, game] + -pard [part] + -y [n.], game with (equal) parts, 势均力敌的游戏 → n. 危险
【联】 形近词leopard [n. 豹子] , 一种 (对人类而言) 危险的动物
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position: (14, 5)

正面: jest
definition: 【考法】n. 轻浮的态度,戏谑:a frivolous mood or manner
[例] spoken in jest 戏谑地说
[近] butt, derision, mockery
[反] solemnity, solemn utterance 严肃
symbol: [ʤest]
zhuji: 【记】jest＝joy＋est，最joy的事情就是jest。
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position: (14, 5)

正面: jibe
definition: 【考法】vi. 意见一致:to be in accord: agree
[例] Your figures jibe with mine. 你的数据与我的一致。
[近] accord, cohere, conform, correspond, harmonize, tally
[反] conflict 冲突
symbol: [ʤaɪb]
zhuji: 【记】这是一个很容易想的单词，自己搞定吧！
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position: (14, 5)

正面: jingoist
definition: 【考法】n. 极端爱国激进分子(通常表现为好战的对外政策):extreme chauvinism or nationalism marked especially by a belligerent foreign policy
[例] jingoists who cry for war 叫嚣着鼓吹开战的激进分子
[近] chauvinist, nationalist, superpatriot, war hawk
[反] dove, pacifist, peacenik [反]战派人士
symbol: ['ʤɪŋgoʊɪst]
zhuji: 【记】jingo读：巾帼（英雄）有对国家的极端忠实。Jingo读：靖国，ist：靖国神社是沙文主义的体现
zhuji3000: 【联】 jingo [谐音“军国”] + -ist [主义者] → n. 极端爱国激进分子 (通常表现为好战的对外政策)
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position: (14, 5)

正面: jitters
definition: 【考法】n. 紧张,不安:a sense of panic or extreme nervousness
[例] She suffered pre-wedding jitters. 她有婚前恐惧。
[近] butterflies, dither, jimjams, nerves, shakes, shivers, willies
[反] aplomb, calm, composure, equanimity, imperturbability, self-possession, tranquility 镇定,冷静
symbol: ['ʤɪtərz]
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position: (14, 5)

正面: jocular
definition: 【考法】adj. 搞笑的,欢乐的:characterized by joking, playful
[例] a jocular man who could make the most serious people laugh 搞笑的人可以使最严肃的人都开怀大笑
[近] blithesome, festive, gleeful, jocund, jovial, mirthful
[反] lachrymose, saturnine 悲哀的;dour, dreary, morose, serious 阴郁的
symbol: ['ʤɑ:kjələr]
zhuji: 【记】joc＝joke（n 笑话；v 开玩笑）
zhuji3000: a. 搞笑的,欢乐的;(看做jocu与jok发音相似而产生替换)
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position: (14, 5)

正面: jocund
definition: 【考法】adj. 欢快的,高兴的:sprightly and lighthearted in disposition, character, or quality
[例] old friends engaged in jocund teasing 老朋友相见,互相打趣调侃
[近] blithesome, jocose, jocular, jolly, jovial, mirthful, sunny
[反] lachrymose, saturnine 悲哀的;dour, dreary, morose, serious 阴郁的
symbol: ['ʤɑ:kənd]
zhuji: 【记】joc＝joke，und＝under：底下有笑话－高兴的
zhuji3000: a. 欢快的, 高兴的
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position: (14, 5)

正面: jog
definition: 【考法1】n. 慢跑:a movement, pace, or instance of jogging(as for exercise)
【考法2】vt. 唤起:to rouse or stimulate
[例] an old photo that might jog your memory 一张也许会唤起你回忆的老照片
[近] arouse, excite, incite, instigate, pique, remind, stimulate, stir
[反] allay, alleviate, assuage, ease, mitigate, mollify, palliate, relieve, soothe 缓和
symbol: [ʤɑ:g]
zhuji: 【记】读：周哥＝周润发大哥，他爱好慢跑！
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position: (14, 5)

正面: jolt
definition: 【考法1】vi. 突然移动:to move or dislodge with a sudden, hard blow
【考法2】vt. 惊吓:to cause an unpleasant surprise for
[例] The sneak terrorist attack jolted the country out of its indolence and indifference. 偷偷摸摸的恐怖袭击将该国从懒惰和冷漠无情中惊醒。
[近] appall, floor, shake up
symbol: [ʤoʊlt]
zhuji: 【记】读：咒他－他把你的女朋友抢了，你就咒他被猝击。
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position: (14, 6)

正面: jot
definition: 【考法】vt. 简要记录:to write briefly or hurriedly
[例] jot down an address 简要地记下地址
[近] log, mark, put down, register, report, set down, take down, write down
symbol: [ʤɑ:t]
zhuji: 【记】源于：iota（n 希腊语字母第9位；极微小）
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position: (14, 6)

正面: jovial
definition: 【考法】adj. 愉快的:markedly good-humored especially as evidenced by jollity and conviviality
[例] a jovial host 快活的主人
[近] blithesome, festive, gay, gleeful, jocular, jocund, jolly, mirthful
[反] lachrymose, saturnine 悲哀的;dour, dreary, morose, serious 阴郁的
symbol: ['ʤoʊviəl]
zhuji: 【记】源于：木星Jupiter，朱庇特（被认为是快乐的源泉）jo＝joy
zhuji3000: a. 愉快的
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position: (14, 6)

正面: jubilant
definition: 【考法】adj. 喜悦的:exultingly joyful
[例] The nominee delivered a jubilant speech before the cheering crowd. 在欢呼的人群面前,被提名人发表了充满喜悦的演说。
[近] exulting, glorying, rejoicing, triumphant
[反] lachrymose, saturnine 悲哀的;dour, dreary, morose, serious 阴郁的
symbol: ['ʤu:bɪlənt]
zhuji: 【记】ju猪，bil＝bill，ant：猪，钞票和蚂蚁，你选那个？肯定是钞票，所以特别高兴。读：卓别林t－给人带来欢乐
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position: (14, 6)

正面: judicious
definition: 【考法】adj. 明智的,慎重的:having or exhibiting sound judgment; prudent
[例] a judicious choice 明智的抉择
[近] intelligent, judgmatic, prudent, tactical, wise
[反] daft, imprudent, inadvisable, inexpedient, indiscreet, impolitic, unwise 愚蠢的,轻率的
symbol: [ʤu'dɪ∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】源于：judge（n 法官；v 判断）
zhuji3000: 【根】 jud [judge] + -ic + - (i) ous [a.], 判断多的 → a. 明智的,慎重的
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position: (14, 6)

正面: juggernaut
definition: 【考法】n. 无法阻挡的力量,摧毁一切的强大力量:an overwhelming, advancing force that crushes everything in its path
[例] the juggernaut of industrialization 工业化无法阻挡的力量
[近] steamroller
symbol: ['ʤʌgərnɔ:t]
zhuji: 【记】源于在印度东部进行的一年一度的游行中，扎哥劳特（juggernaut）的神像被载于巨车马车上，善男信女甘愿投身死于其轮下。
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position: (14, 6)

正面: ken
definition: 【考法1】n. 视野范围:the range of vision
[例] abstract words that are beyond the ken of children 孩子们不能理解的抽象单词
[近] sight
【考法2】vt. 知道、了解(人或物):to know(a person or thing)
[近] appreciate, apprehend, cognize, comprehend, grasp, perceive, savvy, understand
[反] misapprehend, misconceive, misinterpret, misperceive, misunderstand 错误地理解
symbol: [ken]
zhuji: 【记】读：看
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position: (14, 6)

正面: kidnap
definition: 【考法】vt. 绑架勒索:to seize and detain by unlawful force or fraud and often with a demand for ransom
[例] The child was kidnapped and held for ransom. 歹徒绑架了孩子,并且向家属勒索赎金。
[近] abduct
[反] release, set free 释放
symbol: ['kɪdnæp]
zhuji: 【记】在kid小孩，nap睡觉的时候kidnap
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position: (14, 6)

正面: kindle
definition: 【考法】vt. 点燃:to build or fuel(a fire); to set fire to; ignite
[例] kindle interest 激发兴趣
[近] enkindle, ignite, inflame, torch
[反] douse, extinguish, quench, put out, snuff out 熄灭
symbol: ['kɪndl]
zhuji: 【记】源于candle（n 蜡烛）
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position: (14, 6)

正面: kindred
definition: 【考法】adj. 类似的;具有相似或相近的起源、本性或性质的:having a similar or related origin, nature, or character
[例] She finally found people who were kindred spirits when she joined the hiking club. 她加入登山俱乐部的时候终于发现了志向相同的人。
[近] agreeable, amicable, compatible, congenial, frictionless, unanimous, united
[反] disagreeable, discordant, disharmonious, disunited, incompatible, inharmonious, uncongenial 不一致的,不和谐的
symbol: ['kɪndrəd]
zhuji: 【记】kind（n 种类），red：身体里面都留着红色的血－同族的
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position: (14, 6)

正面: knack
definition: 【考法】n. 诀窍,聪明的做法:a clever trick or stratagem; a clever way of doing something
[例] She's tried every knack in Cupid's book to get her guy to marry her. 她试过了所有爱情三十六计,希望那男人娶她。
[近] artifice, device, gambit, ploy, scheme, sleight, stratagem
[反] foolishness 愚蠢
symbol: [næk]
zhuji: 【记】源于：knock的变体，就是敲开脑袋，让人开窍－窍门读：NIKE，因为有了商业窍门才会成功。
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position: (14, 7)

正面: knead
definition: 【考法】vt. 揉捏,塑造:to make or shape by or as if by folding, pressing, and stretching with the hands
[例] knead dough 揉面团‖knead a painful calf muscle 给疼痛的小腿肌肉按摩
[近] massage, manipulate, mould, squeeze, stroke
symbol: [ni:d]
zhuji: 【记】读：need，在累的时候，need knead。读：泥的－捏制
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position: (14, 7)

正面: knit
definition: 【考法1】vt. 编织(纱线):to form by interlacing yarn or thread in a series of connected loops with needles
[例] She knitted him a sweater for Christmas. 圣诞节她为他缝了一件毛衣。
[近] braid, plait, weave
[反] ravel 解开
【考法2】vt. 连接,联系:to join closely; unite securely
[例] Sport knits the whole family close together. 体育将整个家庭紧紧地联系在一起。
[近] bind, bond, combine, connect, fasten, join, link, meld, merge, tie, secure, unite
[反] disassociate, disconnect, disjoin, divide, sever, split, sunder 分开
symbol: [nɪt]
zhuji: 【记】源于knot（n 结；v 打结）
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position: (14, 7)

正面: knotty
definition: 【考法】adj. 多结的,复杂的,困难的:marked by or full of knots especially: so full of difficulties and complications as to be likely to defy solution
[例] The candidates cautiously gave their views on an array of knotty issues. 候选人就一系列困难问题谨慎地给出了自己的看法。
[近] baroque, byzantine, complicated, convoluted, intricate, involved, labyrinthine, sophisticated, tangled
[反] easy, effortless, plain, simple 容易的,明显的
symbol: ['nɑ:ti]
zhuji: 【记】源于：knot（n 结；v 打结）
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position: (14, 7)

正面: kudos
definition: 【考法1】n. 名望,名声:fame and renown resulting from an act or achievement
[例] Employees enjoy the kudos that the job brings as much as the financial rewards. 正如同喜欢工作带来的经济回报一样,雇员们也很享受工作所带来的名声和荣誉。
[近] credit, distinction, homage, honor, laurels
[反] infamy, notoriety 不好的名声
【考法2】n. 夸奖,赞扬:acclaim or praise for exceptional achievement
[例] The attorney did pro bono work because it was the right thing to do, and not for any future kudos that it might bring. 这名律师之所以为慈善机构和穷人提供免费服务,是因为他觉得这是正确的事情,而非为了任何可能因此而产生的赞扬。
[近] acclaim, accolade, applause, credit, distinction, homage, honor, laud, laurels
[反] belittlement, denigration, deprecation, derogation, diminishment, disparagement 贬损
symbol: ['ku:dɑ:s]
zhuji: 【记】ku苦，do作，s：苦苦的做事是为了名望和声誉。Ku＝cool，dos：作出很cool的dos系统－赢得荣誉
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position: (14, 7)

正面: labile
definition: 【考法】adj. 易变的,不稳定的:continually undergoing chemical, physical, or biological change; unstable
[例] labile mineral 不稳定的矿物质‖an emotionally labile person 一个多愁善感的人
[近] capricious, fluctuating, fluid, inconstant, mercurial, temperamental, unsettled, unsteady, variable, volatile
[反] constant, immutable, invariable, stable, stationary, steady 稳定的
symbol: ['leɪbaɪl]
zhuji: 【记】在实验室LAB中的实验品是labile的。
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position: (14, 7)

正面: laborious
definition: 【考法1】adj. 勤奋的:hard-working; industrious
[例] The volunteers have been commendably laborious in their cleanup of the beach. 清理海滩的志愿者们的勤奋努力值得赞扬。‖He was gentle and kindly, living a laborious life in his Paris flat. 他是一个温柔、好心的人,住在巴黎的公寓里,过着勤奋的生活。
[近] active, assiduous, bustling, diligent, engaged, industrious, occupied, sedulous
[反] idle, inactive, indolent, inert, slothful 懒散的
【考法2】adj. 费力的:marked by or requiring long, hard work
[例] the laborious task of cleaning up the oil spill 清除泄露石油的艰苦工作
[近] arduous, challenging, demanding, difficult, exacting, formidable, grueling, heavy, labored, rigorous, rough, rugged, severe, strenuous, sweaty, toilsome, tough
[反] easy, effortless, facile, light, mindless, simple, undemanding 轻松的,容易的
symbol: [lə'bɔ:riəs]
zhuji3000: 【根】 labor [work] + - (i) ous [a.], work做得多的 → a.勤奋的;需要work多的 → a. 费力的
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position: (14, 7)

正面: labyrinthine
definition: 【考法】adj. 迷宫似的,复杂曲折的:of, relating to, resembling, or constituting a labyrinth; extremely complex or tortuous in structure
[例] The labyrinthine political situation of Middle East left us totally befuddled. 中东地区复杂迷离的政治局势让我们彻底迷惑了。
[近] baroque, byzantine, complicate, complicated, convoluted, intricate, involved, knotty, sophisticated, tangled
[反] easy, effortless, plain, simple 容易的,明显的
symbol: [ˌlæbə'rɪnθaɪn]
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position: (14, 7)

正面: lacerate
definition: 【考法】vt. 使非常痛苦:to cause deep emotional pain to; distress
[例] He was born into a family already lacerated with tensions and divisions. 他出生在一个已经被冲突和分裂折磨不堪的家庭当中。
[近] afflict, distress, harrow, hurt, rend, torment, torture, wound
[反] allay, alleviate, assuage, ease, mitigate, mollify, palliate, relieve, soothe 减轻(痛苦等)
symbol: ['læsəreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】lace（n 蕾丝花边），rate－穿着lace的女人容易被人撕裂衣服。
zhuji3000: 【联】 lace [拼音“拉扯”] + rate [怒骂] → v. 使非常痛苦
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position: (14, 7)

正面: lackluster
definition: 【考法】adj. 黯淡无光泽的:lacking brightness, luster, or vitality
[例] lackluster hair 黯淡无光的头发
[近] dim, dull, flat, lusterless
[反] burnished, glistening, glossy, lustrous, polished, shiny, sleek 光亮的
symbol: ['læklʌstər]
zhuji: 【记】lack缺少，luster＝lustrous（adj 有光泽的）－无光泽的lack缺少，lust（n 强烈的性欲）－缺乏活力的
zhuji3000: 【根】 lack [缺乏] + luster [光泽] → a. 黯淡无光泽的
[注] luster [光泽] 由词根lust [light] 构成
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position: (14, 7)

正面: laconic
definition: 【考法】adj. 简洁(以至于显得粗鲁或难以理解)的:using or involving the use of a minimum of words: concise to the point of seeming rude or mysterious
[例] His mentor's comment tends to be laconic but very much to the point. 他导师的点评很简短,但是却总能说到点子上。
[近] apothegmatic, brief, capsule, compact, compendious, curt, pithy, succinct, summary, telegraphic, terse
[反] circuitous, circumlocutory, diffuse, prolix, rambling, verbose, windy, wordy 冗长的
symbol: [lə'kɑ:nɪk]
zhuji: 【记】来自古希腊王国拉哥尼亚，以说话简洁而闻名
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position: (14, 8)

正面: lachrymose
definition: 【考法】adj. 催人泪下的,悲伤的:tending to cause tears, mournful
[例] The lachrymose mourners at the funeral required a steady supply of tissues. 葬礼上多愁善感的哀悼者对纸巾有稳定的需求。
[近] doleful, lamentable, lugubrious, melancholy, mournful, tearful, teary, weepy, woeful
[反] cheerful, delighted, jocund, jovial 欢乐的,快乐的
symbol: ['lækrɪmoʊs]
zhuji: 【记】lachrym泪，ose－多泪的，流泪的la，chry＝cry，mose＝mouse（n 老鼠）：见到老鼠就哭－好哭的。
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position: (14, 8)

正面: lambaste
definition: 【考法】vt. 严厉斥责:to scold sharply; berate
[例] Critics lambasted his performance. 评论家严厉斥责了他的表演。
[近] assail, baste, belabor, berate, castigate, excoriate, reprimand, reproach, scathe, slam, upbraid, vituperate
[反] carol, extol, glorify, hymn, laud, magnify, praise 表扬,赞美
symbol: [læm'beɪst]
zhuji: 【记】lam（v 鞭打），baste（v 涂油；狠揍；大骂）
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position: (14, 8)

正面: lament
definition: 【考法1】n. 悼词:a composition expressing one's grief over a loss
[例] her lament for her grandmother 她为她祖母写的悼词
[近] dirge, elegy, requiem
【考法2】n. 抱怨:an expression of dissatisfaction, pain, or resentment
[例] the career woman's lament that there aren't any good men left 职场女性的抱怨:好男人一个没剩下
[近] carp, complaint, fuss, grievance, gripe, grouch, grouse, grumble, moan, murmur
【考法3】v. 为…哀悼,表达痛苦或遗憾:to express sorrow or regret; mourn
[例] lament an innocent death 为无辜的死者而悲痛
[近] bemoan, deplore, grieve, moan, mourn, wail
[反] delight, exult, joy, rejoice 感到高兴
symbol: [lə'ment]
zhuji: 【记】被lam（v 鞭打）所以悲伤。
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position: (14, 8)

正面: lamentable
definition: 【考法】adj. 值得惋惜的,悲哀的:inspiring or deserving of lament or regret; deplorable or pitiable; mournful
[例] The lamentable cries of the women for their lost sons were heard throughout the village. 女人们由于丧子之痛的哀嚎响彻整个村庄。
[近] deplorable, distressful, grievous, heartbreaking, lugubrious, plaintive, plangent, sorrowful, woeful
[反] cheerful, delighted, jocund, jovial 欢乐的,快乐的
symbol: ['læməntəbl]
zhuji: 【记】la拉，men男人，table桌子：拉男人上桌子，要喝酒－不快的
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position: (14, 8)

正面: lampoon
definition: 【考法】n. 讽刺:a harsh satire usually directed against an individual
[例] a lampoon of the movie business at the time 对当时电影产业的一种讽刺
[近] burlesque, caricature, farce, mockery, parody, ridicule, spoof, travesty
[反] eulogy, ode, paean 颂歌
symbol: [læm'pu:n]
zhuji: 【记】lamp（n 灯），oon＝noon－大中午的用灯照别人－讽刺
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position: (14, 8)

正面: languid
definition: 【考法】adj. 没精打采的,虚弱的:lacking energy or vitality; weak
[例] be languid for weeks after surgery 术后的几周都无精打采的
[近] debilitated, effete, enervated, feeble, frail, infirm, lackadaisical, spiritless, sapped, enfeebled
[反] animated, energetic, vehement, vivacious 有精力的;mighty, powerful, stalwart, stout, strong 强壮的
symbol: ['læŋgwɪd]
zhuji: 【记】langui拼：懒鬼－没精打采的！
zhuji3000: 【联】 懒鬼的 (拼音lǎn guǐ de) → a. 没精打采的,虚弱的
【联】 languish [v. 变得衰弱] , languor [n. 懒惰; 衰弱]
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position: (14, 8)

正面: languish
definition: 【考法】vi. 变得衰弱:to be or become feeble, weak, or enervated
[例] languish during the prolonged heat wave 在持续的热浪下变得虚弱
[近] decay, droop, emaciate, fade, fail, flag, sag, wither
[反] burgeon, flourish, thrive, prosper 旺盛生长
symbol: ['læŋgwɪ∫]
zhuji: 【记】langui拼：懒鬼－衰弱；萎靡不振
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position: (14, 8)

正面: languor
definition: 【考法1】n. 懒惰:physical or mental inertness
[例] He enjoyed the languor brought on by a hot summer afternoon. 他很享受夏日午后的慵懒。
[近] collapse, exhaustion, frazzle, lassitude, listlessness, stupor, torpor, prostration
[反] verve, vim, animation, vitality 有活力
【考法2】n. 衰弱:weakness or weariness of body or mind
[例] The tropical heat sapped our strength, leaving us in a state of unaccustomed languor. 热带的炎热气候消磨着我们的精力,让我们感到一阵不适的虚弱。
[近] debilitation, enervation, enfeeblement, fragility, infirmity
[反] robustness, strength, vivacity 强壮,有力
symbol: ['læŋgər]
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position: (14, 8)

正面: lank
definition: 【考法1】adj. 细长瘦弱的:long and lean
[例] lank cattle 瘦牲口
[近] emaciated, lean, slender, svelte, tenuous, thin
[反] fat, fleshy, gross, obese 肥胖的
【考法2】adj. 不僵硬的,柔软松弛的:long, straight, and limp; not stiff in structure
[例] a woman with long, lank hair 有着长而稀疏头发的女子‖Right after a shower, her lank hair hung down to her shoulders. 出浴后,柔软的头发搭在她的肩上。
[近] droopy, flaccid, floppy, yielding
[反] inflexible, rigid, stiff, sturdy, tense 僵硬的;resilient 有弹性的
symbol: [læŋk]
zhuji: 【记】读：烂磕。因为非常的瘦弱，所以才会到处烂磕。
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position: (14, 8)

正面: lapse
definition: 【考法1】n. 小过失:a slight error typically due to forgetfulness or inattention
[例] a lapse in table manner 餐桌礼仪的小过错
[近] blunder, fumble, gaffe, miscue, oversight, peccadillo
【考法2】vt. 结束,终止:to come to an end
[例] The contract will lapse at the end of the year. 合同将于年底到期。
[近] cease, conclude, die, end, expire, finish, stop, terminate
[反] continue, persist, hang on 持续
symbol: [læps]
zhuji3000: 【根】 laps [fall, slip, 滑倒] + -e [n.], 跌倒, 失足 → n. 小过失;(永远) 倒下 → vt. 结束,终止
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position: (14, 9)

正面: largesse
definition: 【考法1】n. 捐赠物:something given to someone without expectation of a return
[例] The alumna's huge bequest was an unexpected largess. 校友们的巨额遗赠是一笔意料之外的财富。
[近] bestowal, donation, giveaway, present
【考法2】n. 慷慨:liberality in giving or willingness to give
[例] be noted for his largesse 因慷慨而闻名
[近] bountifulness, generosity, munificence, openhandedness, philanthropy
[反] miserliness, parsimony, penury, stinginess 小气
symbol: [lɑ:r'ʤes]
zhuji: 【记】large大－大方施舍
zhuji3000: 【记】 large, “大度” → n. 慷慨;捐赠物
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position: (14, 9)

正面: lash
definition: 【考法1】n. 击打:a hard strike with a part of the body or an instrument
[例] She suddenly felt the lash of her drunken husband's hand on her cheek. 她突然感觉到脸颊被醉酒的丈夫扇了一耳光。
[近] bang, bash, bat, beat, clap, hit, knock, punch, slam, slap, smash, stinger, stroke, swat
【考法2】v. 猛击,撞击:to strike against with force or violence
[例] All night long a barrage of rain lashed the windows. 倾盆大雨整夜敲击着窗户。
[近] baste, hammer, lace, lambaste, punch
【考法3】vt. 捆扎:to bind with or as if with a line
[例] Secure the anchor by lashing it to the rail. 将锚绑在栏杆上使其稳固。
[反] unbind 解开
symbol: [læ∫]
zhuji: 【记】读：拉屎。用鞭子抽得你直拉屎。
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position: (14, 9)

正面: lassitude
definition: 【考法】n. 乏力,没精打采:a state or feeling of weariness, diminished energy, or listlessness
[例] Symptoms of anaemia include general fatigue and lassitude. 贫血的通常症状包括体虚和乏力。
[近] collapse, exhaustion, frazzle, languor, listlessness, stupor, torpor, prostration
[反] verve, vim, animation, vitality 有活力
symbol: ['læsɪtu:d]
zhuji: 【记】读：懒散tude（态度）：懒散的状态就是无精打采。
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position: (14, 9)

正面: latent
definition: 【考法】adj. 潜在的,不活跃的:present or potential but not evident or active
[例] a latent infection 潜伏性传染病‖He has a latent talent for acting that he hasn't had a chance to express yet. 他有着表演的天赋,只不过他还没有机会来表现这一才能。
[近] dormant, fallow, inert, inoperative
[反] apparent, evident, manifest, obvious, plain 明显的;active 活跃的
[派] latency n. 潜伏期
symbol: ['leɪtnt]
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position: (14, 9)

正面: latitude
definition: 【考法】n.(行动或言论)自由:freedom from normal restraints, limitations, or regulations
[例] Students are allowed considerable latitude in choosing courses. 学生在选课时被给予相当大的自由度。
[近] authorization, license, freedom, leeway, free hand
[反] limitation 限制;custody 监护,拘留
symbol: ['lætɪtu:d]
zhuji: 【记】lati宽度，tude－纬度，引申为自由很宽。
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position: (14, 9)

正面: laudatory
definition: 【考法】adj. 表示赞扬的:of, relating to, or expressing praise
[例] a laudatory review of the new play 对新剧目的赞扬性评论
[近] adulatory, commendatory, complimentary, extolling, eulogistic, panegyric
[反] derogatory, depreciatory, disparaging, pejorative 贬低的
[派] laudable adj. 值得赞扬的
symbol: ['lɔ:dətɔ:ri]
zhuji3000: 【联】 plaud [鼓掌] → a. 表示赞扬的
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position: (14, 9)

正面: lavish
definition: 【考法1】adj. 奢侈的,大量的,无节制的:characterized by or produced with extravagance and profusion
[例] lavish buffet 奢侈的自助餐
[近] copious, exuberant, gushing, lush, luxuriant, opulent, profuse, riotous
[反] moderate, modest, reasonable, temperate 适度的,合理的
【考法2】vt. 挥霍,浪费:to give readily and in large quantities; to use up carelessly
[例] a great actor who lavished his talent in lousy movies 将才华浪费在低劣电影上的影星
[近] blow, dissipate, fritter, misspend, squander, waste
[反] conserve 节约
symbol: ['lævɪ∫]
zhuji: 【记】lav冲刷，花钱如流水－lavish
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position: (14, 9)

正面: leaven
definition: 【考法】vt. 在…中加入轻松、活泼或变更的因素:to mingle or permeate with some modifying, alleviating, or vivifying element
[例] He needs to leaven his speeches with more humor. 他需要在演讲中再加入点幽默元素。
[近] imbue, infuse, ingrain, inoculate, inspire, permeate, steep, suffuse
[反] extract 抽取
symbol: ['levn]
zhuji: 【记】leave把…留下，n想象成扣住发面的锅：把一团发面留在n里面－发酵。
zhuji3000: 【根】 leav [lev, raise] + -en [v.], 举起,使 (情绪) 上升 → vt. 在…中加入轻松、活泼或变更的因素
[注] leaven还有“酵母”的含义,用于发面,使 [-en] 面团膨胀、“升 [le (a) v] 起来”
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position: (14, 9)

正面: leer
definition: 【考法】vi. 一瞥,斜眼看:to cast a sidelong glance
[例] He gave her a leering look. 他瞥了她一眼。
[近] squint
[反] gape, gaze, glare, goggle, stare 盯着看
symbol: [lɪr]
zhuji: 【记】源于象形字ee长得象两个淫荡的眼睛。
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position: (14, 9)

正面: leery
definition: 【考法】adj. 怀疑的,不信任的:suspicious or distrustful; wary
[例] be leery of strangers 对陌生人存有怀疑
[近] dubious, distrustful, skeptical, suspicious, wary
[反] credulous 轻信的
symbol: ['lɪri]
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position: (14, 10)

正面: legacy
definition: 【考法】n. 遗产:something handed down from an ancestor or a predecessor or from the past
[例] the legacy of the ancient philosophers 古代哲学家们的思想遗产
[近] bequest, heritage, patrimony
symbol: ['legəsi]
zhuji: 【记】读：来个死。死了以后就可以领到遗产了！
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position: (14, 10)

正面: legend
definition: 【考法1】n. 传奇,传说:a popular myth of recent origin
[例] Some ancient civilizations had legends about spirits that inhabited trees and rocks. 一些古文明有着关于寄居于树木、岩石之中的精灵的传说。
[近] fable, myth, mythos
[派] legendary adj. 如传奇般闻名的
【考法2】n. 图例:an explanatory list of the symbols on a map or chart
[例] The legend in the science textbook indicated that the accompanying picture had been enlarged by 1000%. 科学课本上彩图的图[例]告诉我们这幅图片被放大了十倍。
[近] cutline
symbol: ['leʤənd]
zhuji: 【记】leg腿，end完：腿完蛋了，是因为没有看图例，所以跑路
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position: (14, 10)

正面: legion
definition: 【考法1】n. 大量的人,(尤指)军团:a large body of men and women organized for land warfare
[例] join the French Foreign Legion 加入法国外籍军团
[近] army, battalion, flock, herd, horde, mob, swarm, throng
【考法2】adj. 大量的:many, numerous
[例] The problems are legion. 问题不计其数。
[近] beaucoup, multifold, multitudinous, numerous
[反] few, lack in number 少量的
symbol: ['li:ʤən]
zhuji: 【记】leg腿，ion离子一腿象离子一样多一古罗马兵团
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position: (14, 10)

正面: lenient
definition: 【考法】adj. 宽大仁慈的:inclined not to be harsh or strict; merciful, generous, or indulgent
[例] the lenient sentences 仁慈的审判
[近] clement, gentle, merciful, mild, sparing, tender, tolerant
[反] harsh, merciless, severe, strict 残酷的,严厉的
[派] lenience n. 仁慈
symbol: ['li:niənt]
zhuji: 【记】le乐，ni你，ent：你总是乐象米勒佛一样仁慈的。读：列宁t－宽大仁慈的
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position: (14, 10)

正面: lethal
definition: 【考法】adj. 非常有害的,致命的:extremely harmful; devastating
[例] This dagger is lethal. 这把匕首是致命的武器。‖launch a lethal attack 发动致命的进攻
[近] baleful, deadly, deathly, fatal, mortal, murderous, pestilent, terminal, vital
[反] innocuous 无害的;healthy, salubrious, wholesome 有益健康的
symbol: ['li:θl]
zhuji: 【记】le乐，th死，al＝all：所有人都乐死了，因为吃了致命的乐死丸。读：离骚－屈原遭到致命的打击后写出《离骚》
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position: (14, 10)

正面: lethargic
definition: 【考法】adj. 没精打采的,行动迟缓的:of, relating to, or characterized by lethargy, sluggish
[例] A big nice meal always makes me feel lethargic and sleepy. 一顿大餐吃完总是让我既慵懒又想睡。
[近] dull, inert, quiescent, sluggish, torpid
[反] dynamic, energetic, robust, vigorous 有精力的;active 活跃的
symbol: [lə'θɑ:rʤɪk]
zhuji: 【记】let让，har＝hard，gic：让你辛苦的劳动－昏睡的
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position: (14, 10)

正面: levelheaded
definition: 【考法】adj. 明智的:characteristically self-composed and sensible
[例] a levelheaded assessment of the problem 对于问题的一个明智的评估
[近] informed, justified, logical, rational, reasonable, sensible, sober, valid, well-founded
[反] foolish 愚蠢的;groundless, invalid, unfounded, unjustified, unsound 没有根据的,理由不充分的
symbol: [ˌlevl'hedɪd]
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position: (14, 10)

正面: levity
definition: 【考法】n. 轻浮:excessive or unseemly frivolity
[例] The teachers disapprove of any displays of levity during school assemblies. 老师们不允许学生在学校聚会中表现出任何轻浮的态度。
[近] facetiousness, flightiness, flippancy, frivolousness, frothiness, silliness
[反] earnestness, gravity, seriousness, soberness, solemnity 严肃
symbol: ['levəti]
zhuji: 【记】lev漂浮，ity性质－轻浮
zhuji3000: 【根】 lev [raise] + -ity [n.], 容易举起 → 轻, (过于轻松、随意) → n. 轻浮
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position: (14, 10)

正面: liability
definition: 【考法1】n. 责任:the quality or state of being liable
[例] The company is trying to reduce its liability in this case. 在这个案件中,公司试图减少他们的责任。
[近] accountability, answerability, responsibility
[反] immunity 豁免权
【考法2】n. 障碍,不利条件:a feature of someone or something that creates difficulty for achieving success
[例] Their chief asset has now become a considerable liability. 他们最大的优点如今已成了不可小觑的负担。
[近] burden, debit, drawback, handicap, hurdle, incommodity, manacle, saddle, trammel
[反] advantage, asset, edge, plus 优点,优势
When an end is lawful and obligatory, the indispensable means to it are also lawful and obligatory.
如果一个目的是正当而必须做的,则达到这个目的的必要手段也是正当而必须采取的。
——美国政治家 林肯(Abraham Lincoln, American statesman)
录取院校:斯坦福大学,计算机系)
symbol: [ˌlaɪə'bɪləti]
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position: (14, 10)

正面: liberal
definition: 【考法1】adj. 思想前卫的:not bound by traditional ways or beliefs
[例] parents who take a very liberal attitude toward letting their children stay out late 思想开放,同意让他们的小孩晚归的家长们
[近] nonconventional, nonorthodox, nontraditional, open-minded, progressive, radical
[反] conservative, conventional, hidebound, old-fashioned, stodgy, traditional 守旧的,传统的
【考法2】adj. 慷慨的,大方的:marked by generosity
[例] a doctor who has been very liberal in dispensing low-cost care to patients who could not otherwise afford it 一位慷慨的医生,愿意帮助无法支付低额药费的病人
[近] charitable, munificent, unselfish, unsparing, unstinting
[反] closefisted, miserly, niggardly, parsimonious, stingy, tightfisted 吝啬的
symbol: ['lɪbərəl]
zhuji3000: 【根】 lib (er) [free] + -al [a.], free thinker, 思想自由的 → a. 思想前卫的;让别人自由去拿 → a.慷慨的,大方的
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position: (15, 1)

正面: libertine
definition: 【考法】n. 放荡不羁者:one who acts without moral restraint; a dissolute person
[例] The legend of Don Juan depicts him as a playboy and libertine. 有关唐璜的传说把他描绘成一个放荡不羁的花花公子。
[近] backslider, debaucher, decadent, deviate, pervert, profligate
[反] ascetic 禁欲者
symbol: ['lɪbərti:n]
zhuji: 【记】liber自由，tine－自由人－浪荡子
zhuji3000: 【联】 来自词根liber [free], free (from any constraints) → n. 放荡不羁者
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position: (15, 1)

正面: licentious
definition: 【考法】adj. 放荡的,性欲强的:lacking legal or moral restraints; having a strong sexua, desire
[例] a moralist who decried what she regarded as the licentious and corrupt culture of the entertainment industry 一个公开谴责在她看来无比堕落和放荡的娱乐圈文化的道德家
[近] concupiscent, horny, lascivious, lecherous, libidinous, lubricious, salacious, wanton
[反] frigid, undersexed 性冷淡的
[派] licentiousness n. 放荡
symbol: [laɪ'sen∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】源于：license特许，ous多－自由放肆的li离，cent中心，ious多：离开中心很多的－放肆的
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position: (15, 1)

正面: liken
definition: 【考法】vt. 显示相似,把…比作:to see, mention, or show as similar; compare
[例] Life is often likened to a journey. 生活经常被比作一次旅行。
[近] analogize, bracket, equate, equalize
[反] contrast 对比,对照以产生[反]差
symbol: ['laɪkən]
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position: (15, 1)

正面: limber
definition: 【考法】adj. 可塑的,柔软的:capable of being shaped: flexible
[例] She shaped the basket out of limber branches. 她用柔软的树枝编了一个筐。
[近] flexible, lissome, lithesome, pliable, pliant, supple
[反] inflexible, rigid, stiff, stiffened 僵硬的
symbol: ['lɪmbər]
zhuji: 【记】limb肢，er－像四肢一样松软的
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position: (15, 1)

正面: limp
definition: 【考法1】adj. 柔软的,松散的:lacking firm texture, substance, or structure
[例] Her hair hung limp about her shoulders. 她的头发松散地垂在肩上。
[近] droopy, flaccid, floppy, lank, yielding
[反] firm, stiff, sturdy, tense 坚硬的;resilient 有弹性的
【考法2】adj. 软弱的,没有精神的:lacking strength or firmness; weak or spiritless
[例] The team's limp performance has many people calling for the head coach's resignation. 队伍不给力的表现让许多人呼吁教练下课。
[近] enervated, lackadaisical, languid, languishing, languorous, spiritless
[反] ambitious, enterprising 有雄心壮志的;animated, energetic, motivated 精力充沛的,有积极性的
【考法3】vi. 跛行,艰难地行走:to move or proceed haltingly or unsteadily
[例] The project limped along with half its previous funding. 项目靠着之前一半的资金艰难地进行着。
[近] blunder, bumble, lumber, plod, struggle, stumble, trudge
symbol: [lɪmp]
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position: (15, 1)

正面: limpid
definition: 【考法1】adj. 透明清澈的:characterized by transparent clearness
[例] limpid streams 清澈的小溪
[近] crystal, clear, lucent, pellucid, transparent
[反] cloudy, murky, opaque, unclear, turbid 模糊不清的
【考法2】adj. 镇定的,淡定的:free from emotional or mental agitation
[例] the limpid outlook of a man who is at peace with himself as he awaits death 一个人在平静地等待死亡时所持的淡然的世界观
[近] collected, composed, cool, level, peaceful, placid, possessed, sedate, serene, smooth, tranquil
[反] agitated, discomposed, disturbed, flustered, perturbed 焦躁的
symbol: ['lɪmpɪd]
zhuji: 【记】读：鳞皮的－有鳞皮的鱼游在limpid的水里。
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position: (15, 1)

正面: linger
definition: 【考法】vi. 磨蹭,闲荡:to proceed slowly; saunter
[例] Fans lingered outside the door. 粉丝们在门外徘徊。
[近] crawl, creep, dally, dawdle, lag, loiter
[反] hurry, run, rush 飞奔
[派] lingering adj. 闲荡的
symbol: ['lɪŋgər]
zhuji: 【记】ling＝long，er－拉长时间－逗留"
zhuji3000: 【根】 ling [long] + -er [v.], (stay) longer → vi. 磨蹭,闲荡
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position: (15, 1)

正面: lissome
definition: 【考法1】adj. 柔软的:easily bent; supple
[例] Rattan is such a lissome material that it can be used for all manner of furniture and baskets. 藤是一种非常柔软而有韧性的材料,可以被用于形形色色的家具和篮子之中。
[近] flexible, limber, lithe, pliable, pliant, supple
[反] solid 坚硬的;inflexible, rigid, stiff, stiffened 僵硬的
【考法2】adj. 敏捷的,轻盈的:having the ability to move with ease; limber
[例] a lissome ballerina 身姿轻盈的女芭蕾舞演员
[近] agile, featly, feline, gracile, lithesome, nimble
[反] awkward, clumsy, graceless, ungainly 笨拙的
symbol: ['lɪsəm]
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position: (15, 1)

正面: list
definition: 【考法】v.(使)倾斜:to set or cause to be at an angle
[例] The sudden lift of the load on the deck listed the ship badly. 甲板上货物被突然提起,使船陡然倾斜。
[近] angle, cant, heel, incline, pitch, slant, slope, tilt, tip
[反] erect 竖立
symbol: [lɪst]
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position: (15, 1)

正面: lithe
definition: 【考法1】adj. 敏捷的,轻盈的:characterized by easy flexibility and grace
[例] lithe dancers 轻盈优雅的舞者
[近] agile, featly, feline, gracile, lightsome, nimble
[反] awkward, clumsy, graceless, ungainly 笨拙的
【考法2】adj. 柔软的:easily bent or flexed
[例] lithe branches 柔软的枝条
[近] flexible, limber, pliable, pliant, supple
[反] solid 坚硬的;inflexible, rigid, stiff, stiffened 僵硬的
symbol: [laɪð]
zhuji: 【记】li＝like，the是“神”的词根：象神一样会变－身体柔软的。
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position: (15, 2)

正面: loath
definition: 【考法】adj. 不情愿的,讨厌的:unwilling or reluctant; disinclined
[例] I was loath to accept the fact that he had been killed in a terrorist attack. 我极不情愿地接受了他在一场恐怖袭击中丧生的事实。
[近] disinclined, indisposed, reluctant, reticent
[反] eager 渴望的;disposed, inclined 有意向的
symbol: [loʊθ]
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position: (15, 2)

正面: loathe
definition: 【考法】vt. 厌恶:to dislike someone or something greatly; abhor
[例] I loathe having to do this. 我鄙视不得不这样做。
[近] abhor, abominate, despise, detest, execrate
[反] adore, love 热爱
[派] loathsome adj. 令人讨厌的
symbol: [loʊð]
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position: (15, 2)

正面: lofty
definition: 【考法1】adj. 崇高的:elevated in character and spirit, noble
[例] lofty ideals 崇高的理想
[近] chivalrous, elevated, greathearted, high-minded, magnanimous, sublime
[反] base, debased, ignominious, mean 可耻的
【考法2】adj. 高的:rising to a great height
[例] lofty mountains 高耸的山峰‖the ever-increasing lofty heights of the world's skyscrapers 不断攀升的摩天大楼的高度
[近] altitudinous, tall, towering
[反] low 低的
【考法3】adj. 自大的:having a feeling of superiority that shows itself in an overbearing attitude
[例] She acts all lofty and superior just because she went to Stanford University. 她之所以表现得这么自大和不可一世,只因为她考进了斯坦福。
[近] assumptive, bumptious, haughty, lordly, peremptory, pompous, presumptuous, supercilious, superior
[反] humble, lowly, modest 谦逊的,低调的
symbol: ['lɔ:fti]
zhuji3000: 【记】 loft [高] + -y [a.], 高的 → (海拔) a. 高的;(精神) 崇高的;(对别人的态度高傲) 自大的
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position: (15, 2)

正面: loll
definition: 【考法1】vi. 懒洋洋地行动:to act or move in a lax, lazy, or indolent manner
[例] He lolled back in his comfortable chair. 他懒洋洋地倚在他舒适的椅子上。
[近] slouch, lounge
【考法2】vi. 偷懒,打发时间:to spend time doing nothing
[例] Some members of the decorating committee were hard at work, and others were just lolling about. 装修队的一部分人在很努力地工作,另一些则在偷懒。
[近] dally, dawdle, drone, laze
symbol: [lɑ:l]
zhuji: 【记】源于：lull（v 使平静）
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position: (15, 2)

正面: lopsided
definition: 【考法1】adj. 歪的,倾斜的:leaning to one side
[例] The portrait in the foyer was lopsided. 门厅里的画像挂歪了。
[近] askew, aslant, crazy, listing, oblique, pitched, skewed, slanted, tipping, uneven
[反] even, level, straight 平的
【考法2】adj. 不平衡的,不协调的:lacking in balance, symmetry, or proportion
[例] The arrangement of the furniture was lopsided. 家具的摆放太不协调了。‖a lopsided score of 4-0 四比零的压倒性比分
[近] asymmetric, disproportional, irregular, off-balance, unbalanced, unequal
[反] balanced 平衡的;symmetrical 对称的
symbol: [ˌlɑ:p'saɪdɪd]
zhuji: 【记】lop（v 砍伐；v 下垂）；sided边：向一边倾斜的。
zhuji3000: 【联】 lop [跑] + side + - (e) d [a.], 跑到一边的 → a. 歪的,倾斜的;不平衡的,不协调的
[注] 词根lop表示“run [跑]” (形近联想:loop [n. 圈], “跑圈”), lope [v. 慢跑]
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position: (15, 2)

正面: loquacious
definition: 【考法】adj. 话多的:given to fluent or excessive talk
[例] Sometimes the loquacious talk show host barely lets her guests get a word in. 有时候多话的脱口秀主持人让她的嘉宾一句话都插不进来。
[近] chatty, conservational, gabby, garrulous, talkative, voluble
[反] laconic, reserved, reticent, taciturn, uncommunicative 话少的
[派] loquaciousness, loquacity n. 话多
symbol: [lə'kweɪ∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】loqu话，acious多－多话的
zhuji3000: 【根】 loqu [speak] + -acious [much], speak (too) much → a. 话多的
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position: (15, 2)

正面: loutish
definition: 【考法】adj. 粗鲁的:having the characteristics of a lout; awkward, stupid, and boorish
[例] a boy with a loutish air 一个举止粗鲁的男孩
[近] boorish, churlish, clumsy, crude, discourteous, uncouth, uncivilized, uncultured, unrefined
[反] courteous, civilized, genteel, graceful, polished, refined, urbane 有教养的
[派] lout n. 举止粗鲁的人
symbol: ['laʊtɪ∫]
zhuji: 【记】读：老踢屎－没事儿老是踢屎－粗鲁的
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position: (15, 2)

正面: lubricate
definition: 【考法】vt. 使润滑:to coat(something)with a slippery substance in order to reduce friction
[例] lubricate the gears 给齿轮打润滑油
[近] grease, oil, slick, smooth, wax
[派] lubricant n. 润滑剂
symbol: ['lu:brɪkeɪt]
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position: (15, 2)

正面: lucid
definition: 【考法1】adj. 有光亮的:suffused with light
[例] Those lucid bands that spread across the arctic sky are known as aurora borealis, or the northern lights. 那些蔓延在北极天空中的光带就是北极光。
[近] beaming, brilliant, dazzling, glowing, incandescent, lucent, luminous, lustrous, radiant, refulgent, splendid
[反] dim, dull, lackluster 黯淡无光的
【考法2】adj. 神志清醒的:having full use of one's mind and control over one's actions
[例] She decided to make out her will while she was still lucid. 她决定趁着自己神志还清醒,列出她的遗愿。
[近] balanced, clearheaded, normal, right, sane, stable
[反] brainsick, crazy, insane, lunatic, mad, maniac 疯狂的
【考法3】adj. 表达清晰的,简单易懂的:easily understood
[例] The teaching assistant tried to make his instructions as lucid as possible so that everyone would understand what to do. 助教努力使自己的指令容易理解,从而让所有人都知道应该要干什么。
[近] apprehensible, clear, comprehensible, intelligible, palpable, patent, pellucid, plain, understandable
[反] ambiguous, enigmatic, equivocal, indistinct, obfuscated, obscure, unclear 模糊不明确的
symbol: ['lu:sɪd]
zhuji3000: 【根】 luc [light, clear] + -id [a.], (suffused with) light → a. 有光亮的;clear (in mind) → a. 神志清醒的;clear (in expression) → a. 表达清晰的,简单易懂的
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position: (15, 2)

正面: lug
definition: 【考法1】vt. 拖动,拉动:to cause to follow by applying steady force on
[例] lug the lawn mower out into the backyard 把割草机拖进院子
[近] drag, draw, hale, pull, tow, tug
[反] drive, propel, push 推动
【考法2】vt. 费力搬运:to carry laboriously
[例] I don't understand why he's always lugging all of his books around when his locker is right over there. 我真搞不懂为什么他总是明明在有锁柜的情况下还随身扛着所有的书。
[近] bear, cart, convey, ferry, haul, pack, tote, transport
symbol: [lʌg]
zhuji: 【记】读：拉个（东西）－拖拉。
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position: (15, 3)

正面: lugubrious
definition: 【考法】adj.(故作夸张的)悲哀的:mournful, dismal, or gloomy, especially to an exaggerated or ludicrous degree
[例] his lugubrious tear-stained face 他忧郁而带着泪痕的脸庞
[近] deploring, doleful, dolorous, lamentable, melancholy, morose, plaintive, rueful, saturnine, sullen, woeful
[反] cheerful, delighted, jocund, jovial 快乐的
symbol: [lə'gu:briəs]
zhuji: 【记】lugu露骨，brious：摔得露出大腿骨－闷闷不乐的
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position: (15, 3)

正面: lull
definition: 【考法1】n. 相对平静时期,间隙:a momentary halt in an activity
[例] the lull before the storm 暴风雨前的平静
[近] break, breath, interruption, recess
【考法2】vt. 使镇静,使安心:to free from distress or disturbance
[例] The absence of attacks for such an extended period had lulled the nation into a false sense of security. 长期以来没有遭受攻击让这个国家产生了一种错误的安全感。
[近] allay, balm, becalm, compose, lullaby, quiet, salve, settle, soothe, still, tranquilize
[反] agitate, discompose, disquiet, disturb, perturb, upset, vex 打扰,扰乱
symbol: [lʌl]
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position: (15, 3)

正面: lullaby
definition: 【考法1】n. 催眠曲:a song to quiet children or lull them to sleep
[例] The mother sang a lullaby to the baby every night. 这位母亲每晚都给孩子唱摇篮曲。
[近] berceuse, cradlesong
【考法2】vt. 使镇静,使安心:to free from distress or disturbance
[例] Reclining peacefully on the deck, he was lullabied by the gentle motion of the ship. 他躺卧在甲板上,随着船轻轻的颠簸放松下来。
[近] allay, balm, becalm, compose, lull, quiet, salve, settle, soothe, still, tranquilize
[反] agitate, discompose, disquiet, disturb, perturb, upset, vex 打扰,扰乱
symbol: ['lʌləbaɪ]
zhuji: 【记】lull安静，aby＝baby：使baby安静的歌曲－摇篮曲
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position: (15, 3)

正面: lumber
definition: 【考法1】n. 木材:tree logs as prepared for human use
[例] A huge amount of lumber will be needed to build the house. 建这栋房子需要大量的木材。
[近] timber, wood
【考法2】vi. 笨拙地行动:to walk or move with heavy clumsiness
[例] The elephant lumbered through the jungle. 大象缓缓地穿越丛林。
[近] flounder, plod, stumble, trudge
[反] glide, slide 轻松地滑动
【考法3】vt. 使负担(从而拖累):to place a weight or burden on
[例] lumber the expedition with unnecessary equipment and supplies 不必要的仪器和补给品给此次远征徒增了许多负担
[近] burden, encumber, freight, lade, laden, saddle, weight
[反] disburden, discharge, disencumber, unlade, unload 卸下,解脱
symbol: ['lʌmbər]
zhuji: 【记】lumber＝timber（n 木料）走路象笨重的木料：沉重、缓慢地移动
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position: (15, 3)

正面: luminary
definition: 【考法】n. 杰出人物:a person who has achieved eminence in a specific field
[例] Buddhist luminary 佛学大师‖Luminaries from the worlds of sports, entertainment, and politics were at the gala. 全球体育界、娱乐圈和政界的名人都出席了此次盛会。
[近] celebrity, eminence, figure, icon, notability, star, superstar
[反] nobody, nonentity 小人物
symbol: ['lu:mɪneri]
zhuji: 【记】源于：lumen作为词根表示光。
zhuji3000: 【根】 lumin [light] + -ary [n.], 光芒四射的人 → n. 杰出人物
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position: (15, 3)

正面: lurch
definition: 【考法】vi. 蹒跚:to move forward while swaying from side to side
[例] The ship lurched in the storm. 船在风暴中摇摆前行。
[近] careen, dodder, falter, reel, stagger, stumble, teeter, totter, waddle
[反] progress smoothly 平稳前进;march, stride, swagger 游行,大步走
symbol: [lɜ:rt∫]
zhuji: 【记】读：乐吃－一边乐一边吃一边走就会蹒跚而行
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position: (15, 3)

正面: lurk
definition: 【考法】vi. 潜伏:to lie in wait in a place of concealment especially for an evil purpose
[例] Dangers lurk in the path of wilderness. 在这条荒野的小路上隐伏着危险。
[近] ambush, snake, steal
[反] appear, come out 出来
symbol: [lɜ:rk]
zhuji: 【记】读：乐渴－特别有乐趣，还特别渴的事情就是潜伏！
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position: (15, 3)

正面: lush
definition: 【考法1】adj. 茂盛的:growing vigorously especially with luxuriant foliage
[例] lush grass 茂盛的草
[近] booming, exuberant, flourishing, lively, luxuriant, rampant, thriving, verdant, vivacious
[反] blighted, faded, sere, withered 干枯的,凋谢的
【考法2】adj. 多产的:producing abundantly
[例] His lush fields were the envy of neighboring farmers. 他富饶多产的土地让邻居羡慕嫉妒恨。
[近] cornucopian, fecund, fruitful, productive, prolific, rich
[反] barren, dead, infertile, sterile, unproductive 贫瘠的
【考法3】adj.(声音、味道)优美的,令人愉悦的:appealing to the senses
[例] the lush sounds of the orchestra 管弦乐队奏出的悦耳声音
[近] ambrosial, luscious, palatable, savory, sensuous, tasteful, tasty, voluptuous
[反] flat, flavorless, insipid, stale, tasteless 乏味的
symbol: [lʌ∫]
zhuji: 【记】读：拉屎。要想拉屎不能在光天化日之下，要找一个郁郁葱葱的地方。
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position: (15, 3)

正面: lustrous
definition: 【考法】adj. 有光泽的:having a shiny surface or finish
[例] lustrous black hair 乌黑光亮的头发
[近] brilliant, burnished, gleaming, glistening, glossy, polished, refulgent, rubbed, shining, sleek, splendid
[反] dim, dull, lackluster, lusterless 昏暗的
symbol: ['lʌstrəs]
zhuji: 【记】lust（n 强烈的欲望），r，ous多：一个人如果有很多的欲望，在看人的时候就会眼睛放光－有光泽的。
zhuji3000: 【根】 lust (r) [light] + -ous [a.], of light → a. 有光泽的
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position: (15, 3)

正面: luxurious
definition: 【考法1】adj. 豪华的:showing obvious signs of wealth and comfort
[例] The luxurious apartment was filled with the latest electronic gadgets and fine works of art. 豪华的公寓里满是最新式的电子产品和精美的艺术作品。
[近] deluxe, lavish, luxuriant, luxury, opulent, palatial, plushy, silken, sumptuous
[反] ascetic, austere, spartan 简朴的
【考法2】adj. 奢侈的:given to or marked by excessive gratification of one's desires
[例] He squandered his family fortune in the relentless satisfaction of his luxurious tastes. 他为满足自己奢侈的品味而挥霍家族的财产。
[近] decadent, indulgent, overindulgent, self-indulgent, sybaritic
[反] abstemious, abstinent 克制的
[派] luxury n. 豪华;奢侈,奢侈品
symbol: [lʌg'ʒʊriəs]
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position: (15, 4)

正面: lyric
definition: 【考法1】n.(可以哼唱的)小曲:a short musical composition for the human voice often with instrumental accompaniment
[例] The guitarist improvised and sang a gentle lyric while playing. 吉他手在弹奏的过程中即兴创作并哼唱了一首小曲。
[近] ballad, ditty, jingle, vocal
【考法2】adj. 如诗歌般流畅甜美的:having a pleasantly flowing quality suggestive of poetry or music
[例] The film's lyric photography really enhanced its romantic mood. 电影中如诗歌般的图像效果着实增强了浪漫的氛围。
[近] euphonious, lyrical, mellifluous, mellow, melodious, musical, poetical
[反] prosaic, prose 无聊乏味的
[派] lyrics n. 歌词
symbol: ['lɪrɪk]
zhuji: 【记】源于抒情诗人李瑞克！
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position: (15, 4)

正面: macabre
definition: 【考法】adj. 恐怖的:suggesting the horror of death and decay; gruesome
[例] Impressively, Plants vs. Zombies presented a supposedly macabre theme in such an enjoyable way. 令人难忘的是,《植物大战僵尸》将一个本应该十分恐怖的主题用一种如此欢乐的方式呈现出来。
[近] appalling, atrocious, dreadful, ghastly, gruesome, hideous, horrific, nightmarish, terrific
[反] agreeable, delightful, enjoyable, pleasant 令人愉悦的
symbol: [mə'kɑ:brə]
zhuji: 【记】来自法语，原指“死神之舞”ma妈妈，cab出租车，re热：妈妈在出租车里面很热，因为开不开车门，联想好莱坞的大片，司机杀乘客的情景。
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position: (15, 4)

正面: macerate
definition: 【考法】vt. 浸泡(以软化):to make soft by soaking or steeping in a liquid
[例] macerate the sample in ethanol 用乙醇浸软试样
[近] drench, drown, impregnate, saturate, sodden, sop, souse, steep
[反] wring 拧干;dehydrate, desiccate, parch, sorch, sear 烤干,烤焦
symbol: ['mæsəreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ma妈妈，cer，ate吃：妈妈出去吃饭－你就会消瘦
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position: (15, 4)

正面: maculate
definition: 【考法】vt. 使有斑点,弄脏;玷污,损坏:to spot; blemish
[例] Her reputation was maculated after the affair with a married man. 自从被指与一个已婚男士有染之后,她的名声受到了影响。
[近] besmirch, dot, dirty, soil, spot, stain
[反] clean, cleanse, purify, wash 清洗,弄干净
[派] maculated adj. 有斑点的
symbol: ['mækjəleɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ma妈妈，cu哭，l，ate吃：妈妈一边哭一边吃，身上不是眼泪就是饭－有斑点的
zhuji3000: 【联】 mac [联mark, 标记 → 斑点,瑕疵] + ul + -ate [v.] → v. 使有斑点,弄脏;玷污,损坏
【派】 immaculate [a. 干净的,纯净的;完美的,没有任何错误的]
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position: (15, 4)

正面: maelstrom
definition: 【考法1】n. 漩涡:a powerful often violent whirlpool sucking in objects within a given radius
[例] Their raft got caught in a maelstrom. 他们的筏被一个漩涡卷住了。
[近] gulf, vortex, whirlpool
【考法2】n. 混乱、动荡的局势:a violent or turbulent situation
[例] the maelstrom of war 战争带来的乱世
[近] chaos, disorder, pandemonium, tumult, tumoil, upheaval, uproar
[反] calm 风平浪静
symbol: ['meɪlstrɑ:m]
zhuji: 【记】mael使旋转，strom＝stream河流：使河流旋转－大漩涡
zhuji3000: 【联】 mael [mal (e) -, bad] + strom [storm], bad storm → n. 漩涡;混乱、动荡的局势
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position: (15, 4)

正面: magnificent
definition: 【考法】adj. 壮丽的:strikingly beautiful or impressive
[例] a magnificent cathedral 宏伟壮观的大教堂
[近] august, epic, glorious, grand, imperial, imposing, massive, monumental, noble, regal, splendid
[反] humble, unimpressive 平凡的
[派] magnificence n. 壮丽,壮观
symbol: [mæg'nɪfɪsnt]
zhuji: 【记】mag大，nificent－大的建筑物－宏伟的
zhuji3000: 【根】 magn [great] + i + fic [make] + -ent [a.], make great → a. 壮丽的
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position: (15, 4)

正面: maladroit
definition: 【考法】adj. 笨拙的:lacking or showing a lack of nimbleness in using one's hands
[例] a maladroit movement 笨拙的动作
[近] awkward, bumbling, clumsy, fumbled, gauche, graceless, heavy-handed, inept, unhandy
[反] adroit, ambidexterous, deft, dexterous, handy 灵巧的
symbol: [ˌmælə'drɔɪt]
zhuji: 【记】mal坏，adroit灵巧的－不灵巧的
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position: (15, 4)

正面: malaise
definition: 【考法】n. 不舒服:a vague feeling of bodily discomfort, as at the beginning of an illness
[例] He complained of depression, headaches and malaise. 他抱怨说感到沮丧、头痛和身体不适。
[近] debility, decrepitude, disease, feebleness, infirmity, infirmness, sickliness, unhealthiness
symbol: [mə'leɪz]
zhuji: 【记】mal坏，aise＝ease舒服：不舒服ma妈妈，lai癞，se死：全身长癞－不舒服"
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position: (15, 4)

正面: malcontent
definition: 【考法1】n. 不满分子:one who is in active opposition to an established order or government
[例] The chaos was caused by a handful of malcontents. 混乱是由一小撮不满分子引起的。
[近] complainer, faultfinder, grouch, rebel
【考法2】adj. 不满的:dissatisfied with the existing state of affairs
[例] The film follows three malcontent teenagers around Paris. 电影围绕着三个不满现实的青少年在巴黎展开。
[近] discontented, discontent, disgruntled, displeased, dissatisfied, ungratified
[反] contented, fulfilled, gratified, pleased, satisfied 满意的
symbol: [ˌmælkən'tent]
zhuji: 【记】mal坏，content（adj 满足的）－不满的
zhuji3000: 【根】 mal- [bad] + con- [together] + tent [hold], not [bad表否定] content [满足的] → n. 不满分子 a. 不满的
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position: (15, 4)

正面: malicious
definition: 【考法】adj. 恶意的:given to, marked by, or arising from malice; deliberately harmful
[例] spread malicious gossips 散播恶意的流言蜚语
[近] bad, cruel, despiteful, evil, malevolent, malign, mean, nasty, spiteful, vicious, virulent, wicked
[反] benevolent, benign, benignant, charitable, kind, kindly 善良的,仁慈的
symbol: [mə'lɪ∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】mal坏，icious－恶意的
zhuji3000: 【记】 mal- [bad] + -ic + - (i) ous [a.], (目的) 坏的 → a. 恶意的
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position: (15, 5)

正面: malign
definition: 【考法1】adj. 恶意的:having or showing a desire to cause someone pain or suffering for the sheer enjoyment of it
[例] Both parties to the divorce showed a malign desire to make each other's future life utterly miserable. 离婚双方都表露出了恶毒的愿望,希望对方未来的生活陷入彻底的悲剧之中。
[近] bad, cruel, despiteful, evil, malevolent, malicious, mean, nasty, spiteful, vicious, virulent, wicked
[反] benevolent, benign, benignant, charitable, kind, kindly 善良的,仁慈的
【考法2】vt. 诽谤:to utter injuriously misleading or false reports about: speak evil of
[例] the belief that it is possible to win an election without maligning anyone 一种信念,那就是不需要诽谤他人而赢得选举是可能的
[近] asperse, blacken, calumniate, defame, libel, smear, traduce, vilify
[反] acclaim, applaud, eulogize, extol, laud, praise 赞美;defend, vindicate 辩护
symbol: [mə'laɪn]
zhuji: 【记】mal坏，ign
zhuji3000: 【根】 mal [bad] + i + gn [gen, generate], “generate bad”, 心生恶意 → a. 恶意的 vt. 诽谤
【派】 malignant [a. 恶毒的, 邪恶的]
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position: (15, 5)

正面: malinger
definition: 【考法】vi. 装病以逃避工作:to pretend or exaggerate incapacity or illness(as to avoid duty or work)
[例] He claims he's ill, but I think he's just malingering. 他声称他病了,但我觉得他是装的。
[近] goldbrick, shirk
[反] confront, face, meet 面对
[派] malingerer n. 装病以逃避工作的人
symbol: [mə'lɪŋgər]
zhuji: 【记】mal坏，linger（v 逗留；溜达）－装病
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position: (15, 5)

正面: malleable
definition: 【考法1】adj. 可塑的:capable of being extended or shaped by beating with a hammer or by the pressure of rollers
[例] a malleable metal 有延展性的金属
[近] moldable, waxy
【考法2】adj. 易控制的:capable of being altered or controlled by outside forces or influences
[例] The cult leader took advantage of the malleable, compliant personalities of his followers. 这个头目利用了他的信徒们容易被控制和顺从的特征。
[近] ductile, elastic, fluid, modifiable, plastic, pliable, pliant, supple, variable
[反] adamant, intractable, recalcitrant, refractory, ungovernable, unmanageable, unruly 难管制的
symbol: ['mæliəbl]
zhuji: 【记】源于：mallet（n 槌棒），able－可锤打的－有延展性的
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position: (15, 5)

正面: malodorous
definition: 【考法】adj. 恶臭的:having an unpleasant smell
[例] American musteline will eject amalodorous fluid when startled. 美洲鼬科动物在受到惊吓时会喷出有恶臭味的液体。
[近] fetid, foul, frowsy, funky, fusty, musty, noisome, rank, reeky, smelly, stinking, stinky
[反] ambrosial, aromatic, fragrant, perfumed, redolent, savory, scented, sweet 芳香的,有香味的
[派] malodor n. 恶臭
symbol: [ˌmæl'oʊdərəs]
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position: (15, 5)

正面: mandatory
definition: 【考法】adj. 强制的:forcing one's compliance or participation
[例] GRE test is mandatory for all students, regardless of their nationality, who wish to apply for graduate schools in the United States. GRE是每个申请美国研究生院的学生(无论国籍)所必须参加的考试。
[近] compulsory, forced, imperative, incumbent, involuntary, necessary, obligatory, peremptory, required
[反] elective, optional, voluntary 可自由选择的,选修的
symbol: ['mændətɔ:ri]
zhuji: 【记】源于：command（n /v 命令）
zhuji3000: 【根】 mand [command] + -at (e) + -ory [a.], 命令的 → a. 强制的
[注] mandate [n. 命令]
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position: (15, 5)

正面: mangle
definition: 【考法1】vt. 损毁,使伤残:to injure with deep disfiguring wounds by cutting, tearing, or crushing
[例] His body was mangled beyond recognition. 他的尸体已经被损毁到无法辨认的程度了。
[近] batter, deform, disfigure, distort, lacerate, mutilate, rend, wreck
[反] cure, heal, rehabilitate 治愈,康复
【考法2】vt. 弄砸:to ruin or spoil through ineptitude or ignorance
[例] The orchestra had completely mangled Bach's music. 乐队彻底演砸了巴赫的音乐。
[近] blow, bumble, bungle, butcher, fumble, mar, mess, ruin, foul up, screw up
symbol: ['mæŋgl]
zhuji: 【记】读：man狗，男人和狗在一起－互相厮打
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position: (15, 5)

正面: mangy
definition: 【考法】adj. 卑劣的:mean; contemptible
[例] a mangy trick 卑鄙的手段
[近] base, contemptible, debased, despicable, detestable, execrable, mean, sordid, squalid
[反] lofty, noble, upright, venerable, virtuous 正直的,有道德的
symbol: ['meɪnʤi]
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position: (15, 5)

正面: mania
definition: 【考法】n. 热衷,狂热:an excessively intense enthusiasm, interest, or desire; a craze
[例] a mania for neatness 强烈的洁癖
[近] ardor, craze, enthusiasm, fervor, obsession, passion, preoccupation, prepossession, zeal
[反] apathy, indifference, nonchalance, torpor 冷漠,麻木
[派] manic adj. 疯狂的
symbol: ['meɪniə]
zhuji: 【记】man男人，ia病－男人都是球迷－狂热
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position: (15, 5)

正面: manifest
definition: 【考法1】adj. 显然的,明显易懂的:clearly apparent to the sight or understanding; obvious
[例] He is a manifest poseur. 他显然是个装模作样的人。
[近] apparent, clear, distinct, evident, lucid, obvious, palpable, patent, perspicuous, plain, transparent
[反] cryptic, enigmatic, indistinct, mysterious, obfuscated, obscure, unclear 晦涩的,难懂的
【考法2】v. 显现,显露:to make evident or certain by showing or displaying
[例] His frustration is often manifested by a minor facial tic. 他的沮丧通常会从脸部的细微抽搐中表现出来。
[近] bespeak, betray, demonstrate, display, evince, expose, reveal
[反] conceal, hide 隐藏
[派] manifesto n. 宣言,声明
symbol: ['mænɪfest]
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position: (15, 5)

正面: manipulate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 巧妙操作:to move, arrange, operate, or control by the hands or by mechanical means, especially in a skillful manner
[例] She manipulated the lights to get just the effect she wanted. 她巧妙操控灯光,达到了她想要的效果。
[近] handle, finesse, manage
[反] bungle, fumble 笨拙地做
【考法2】vt. 巧妙处理;暗中操控:to influence or manage shrewdly or deviously
[例] He manipulated public opinion in his favor. 他巧妙地将大众观点导向了有利于他的一边。‖manipulate a foreign language 熟练地掌握外语
[近] machinate, maneuver
[派] manipulation n. 操纵,控制
symbol: [mə'nɪpjuleɪt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 man [hand] + i + pul [pull] + -ate [v.], pull by hand, 用手拉 (在暗地里操控) → vt. 巧妙操作;巧妙处理,暗中操控
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position: (15, 6)

正面: mannered
definition: 【考法】adj. 不自然的,做作的:having an artificial or stilted character
[例] a mannered speech 做作的演讲
[近] affected, artificial, assumed, factitious, fake, feigned, pretended, pseudo, sham, spurious
[反] natural 自然的;artless, genuine, unfeigned 真诚的
symbol: ['mænərd]
zhuji: 【记】源于：manner（n 风格；风度），过渡有风格－矫揉造作
zhuji3000: 【记】 manner表示“举止, 方式”, mannered指“具有 (特殊的) 举止的” → a. 不自然的,做作的
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position: (15, 6)

正面: manumit
definition: 【考法】vt. 解放(奴隶):to release from slavery or bondage
[例] Though he was an outspoken defender of liberty, this son of Virginia did not manumit his own slaves until he was on his deathbed. 尽管这位维吉尼亚之子公开地支持自由,但他直到临死前才释放自己的奴隶。
[近] free, emancipate, enfranchise, liberate, loose, release, unbind, unchain, unshackle
[反] detain 拘留;enchain, enfetter, enslave 奴役
symbol: [ˌmænju'mɪt]
zhuji: 【记】manu手，mit遣送－把手上的手铐遣送掉－解放
zhuji3000: 【根】 man [hand] + u + mit [send], send hands (from handcuffs) → vt. 解放 (奴隶)
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position: (15, 6)

正面: manuscript
definition: 【考法】n. 手稿:a book, document, or other composition written by hand
[例] beautiful Latin manuscript on the school's diplomas 学校毕业证书上美丽的手写拉丁文
[近] calligraphy, penmanship, script
[反] print, type, typewriting 打字稿
symbol: ['mænjuskrɪpt]
zhuji: 【记】manu手，script写－手写稿
zhuji3000: 【根】 man [hand] + u + script [scrib, 写], 手写 → n. 手稿
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position: (15, 6)

正面: mar
definition: 【考法1】n. 污点,坏点:something that spoils the appearance or completeness of a thing
[例] mars on the furniture 家具上的污点
[近] blight, blotch, defect, deformity, disfigurement, fault, flaw, imperfection, mark, pockmark, scar
【考法2】vt. 破坏,削弱:to impair the soundness, perfection, or integrity of; spoil
[例] The once flatroad surface is now marred by numerous potholes. 曾经平整的路面如今被坑洞所破坏。‖an election marred by sexual scandal 被性丑闻蒙上阴影的选举
[近] blemish, compromise, cripple, damage, deface, disfigure, harm, hurt, impair, injure, spoil, vitiate
[反] doctor, fix, mend, patch, renovate, repair 修补;adorn, beautify, bedeck, embellish, garnish 装饰
symbol: [mɑ:r]
zhuji: 【记】读：骂，骂人会损伤一个人的名誉。
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position: (15, 6)

正面: marsh
definition: 【考法】n. 沼泽,湿地:an area of soft, wet, low-lying land
[例] The marshes along the coast support a remarkable profusion of plants and animals. 沿着海岸线一带的沼泽为大量的动植物提供了栖息所。
[近] bog, fen, marshland, mire, moor, morass, quagmire, slough, swamp, wetland
[派] marshy adj. 潮湿的
symbol: [mɑ:r∫]
zhuji: 【记】读：妈湿－能使妈妈湿的地方－沼泽。
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position: (15, 6)

正面: martinet
definition: 【考法】n. 纪律严明之人:a strict disciplinarian
[例] He's a retired lieutenant and a bit of a martinet. 他是一个退役的中尉,并且是一个有点纪律严明的人。
[近] disciplinarian, purist, stickler
[反] reprobate 放纵的人
symbol: [ˌmɑ:rtn'et]
zhuji: 【记】源于人名Martinet马提奈，l7世纪法国路易十四世时的军事教官。读：骂停net，一骂你你就要停止－要求严格纪律的人mar战争，tinet：战争中要求严格的纪律。
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position: (15, 6)

正面: marvel
definition: 【考法1】n. 令人惊奇的事物:one that evokes surprise, admiration, or wonder
[例] The robot is a marvel of modern engineering. 机器人是现代工程领域的奇迹。
[近] flash, miracle, phenomenon, prodigy, splendor
【考法2】v.(因为壮观、美丽等而)表示惊讶:to feel amazement or bewilderment at or about
[例] marvel at the tranquility of Chopin's nocturne 惊叹于肖邦夜曲中体现出来的宁静祥和
[近] gape, gaze, goggle, wonder
[派] marvelous adj. 令人惊奇的
symbol: ['mɑ:rvl]
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position: (15, 6)

正面: mash
definition: 【考法】vt. 捣碎:to cause to become a pulpy mass
[例] mash potatoes before adding it to the mixture 在混合之前捣碎土豆
[近] crush, grind, smash, squeeze
[反] agglomerate 聚集成团
symbol: [mæ∫]
zhuji: 【记】原指：把麦芽或谷物调成麦芽浆读：妈湿，妈妈在弄湿的东西－麦芽浆－捣成糊状
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position: (15, 6)

正面: masquerade
definition: 【考法1】n. 面具,伪装:a display of emotion or behavior that is insincere or intended to deceive
[例] Although she was deeply bored, she maintained a masquerade of polite interest as her guest droned on. 尽管她早已对客人滔滔不绝的话感到厌倦,但她还是装出了一副饶有兴致的样子以示礼貌。
[近] facade, guise, mask, pretense, semblance, show, veil
【考法2】vi. 伪装,掩饰:to disguise oneself
[例] masquerade as a policeman化装成警察
[近] act, disguise, pose, pretend
[反] betray, disclose, reveal, unmask 揭露
symbol: [ˌmæskə'reɪd]
zhuji: 【记】源于：mask（n 面具；v 掩饰）
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position: (15, 6)

正面: mastery
definition: 【考法】n. 技艺超群,精通:possession or display of great skill or technique
[例] She has mastery of several languages. 她熟练掌握多种语言。
[近] deftness, dexterity, finesse, prowess, virtuosity
[反] amateurishness 业余
[派] masterful adj. 精通的
symbol: ['mæstəri]
zhuji: 【记】来自动词master（控制，精通）
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position: (15, 7)

正面: matriculate
definition: 【考法】v. 入学;录取:to admit or be admitted into a group, especially a college or university
[例] matriculate at Princeton 在普林斯顿入学
[近] admit, enroll, inscribe, recruit, register
[反] commence, graduate 毕业;delist 除名
[派] matriculation n. 录取
symbol: [mə'trɪkjuleɪt]
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position: (15, 7)

正面: maudlin
definition: 【考法】adj. 过于感伤的:effusively or tearfully sentimental
[例] Some naive students display an almost maudlin concern for the welfare of animals while ignoring basic social inequity. 一些幼稚的学生忽视根本的社会不公平问题,而对动物的权益表现出一种多愁善感的忧虑。
[近] lachrymose, mawkish, mushy, overemotional, sentimental, tearful
[反] blithe, cheerful, jocund, jovial, jubilant 高兴的;apathetic, impassive, indifferent 冷漠的
symbol: ['mɔ:dlɪn]
zhuji: 【记】源于：magdalene（n 从良的妓女），被刻画成含泪的忏悔者
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position: (15, 7)

正面: maven
definition: 【考法】n. 专家:one who is experienced or knowledgeable: expert
[例] As an investment maven, he was doing well even when the market was doing poorly. 作为一名投资高手,他在市场不景气的时候也能赚钱。
[近] ace, adept, connoisseur, expert, maestro, master, professional, proficient, virtuoso
[反] amateur, dabbler, dilettante 业余爱好者
symbol: ['meɪvn]
zhuji: 【记】读：妈吻，妈妈在接吻的经验方面比你强－专家和内行。
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position: (15, 7)

正面: maverick
definition: 【考法1】n. 特立独行之人:a person who does not conform to generally accepted standards or customs
[例] Some mavericks believe that both gravity and light are electromagnetic forces. 一些特立独行的人认为,重力和光都是电磁力。
[近] bohemian, deviant, heretic, iconoclast, nonconformist
[反] conformer, conformist, conventionalist 遵从传统的人
【考法2】adj. 标新立异的,不合常规的:deviating from commonly accepted beliefs or practices
[例] a maverick view on marriage 关于婚姻的非传统看法
[近] dissentient, dissenting, dissident, heterodox, iconoclastic, unorthodox
[反] conforming, conventional, orthodox 遵从传统的
symbol: ['mævərɪk]
zhuji: 【记】源自萨缪尔·奥古斯特·麦尔未克，美国牧场主，他是一个从来不在牲口上打烙印的人－独行侠。NBA小牛队的名称就是maverick
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position: (15, 7)

正面: mawkish
definition: 【考法】adj. 过度伤感的:excessively and objectionably sentimental
[例] a mawkish love story 令人伤感的爱情故事
[近] lachrymose, maudlin, mushy, overemotional, sentimental, tearful
[反] blithe, cheerful, jocund, jovial, jubilant 高兴的;apathetic, impassive, indifferent 冷漠的
symbol: ['mɔ:kɪ∫]
zhuji: 【记】源于：maggot（n 蛆）－令人作呕的ma妈妈，w，kish读：开始－妈妈开始多愁善感。
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position: (15, 7)

正面: meager
definition: 【考法】adj. 贫乏的:deficient in quantity, fullness, or extent; scanty
[例] meager cultural resources 贫乏的文化资源
[近] exiguous, niggardly, poor, scanty, scarce, skimpy, slender, slim, sparing, sparse, stingy
[反] abundant, ample, bountiful, copious, generous, liberal, plenteous, plentiful 大量的,富足的
symbol: ['mi:gər]
zhuji3000: 【联】 m + eager [渴望的] → a. 贫乏的
【联】 近义词needy [a. 贫穷的]
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position: (15, 7)

正面: mean
definition: 【考法1】adj. 卑贱的:ignoble; base
[例] a mean trick to play on a credulous person 耍在一个轻信别人的人身上的卑劣诡计
[近] base, contemptible, despicable, detestable, dirty, dishonorable, execrable, ignominious, sordid
[反] lofty, noble, venerable, virtuous高尚的
【考法2】adj. 吝啬的:giving or sharing as little as possible
[例] a mean child who hoarded all her toys 一个把她的所有玩具都藏起来的小气孩子
[近] closefisted, mingy, miserly, niggardly, parsimonious, penurious, tightfisted, ungenerous
[反] generous, liberal, munificent 慷慨的;extravagant, lavish, prodigal, profligate, spendthrift 浪费的
【考法3】v. 打算,怀有目的:to have in mind as a purpose or goal
[例] I mean to win this race. 我一定要赢这场比赛。
[近] aim, aspire, calculate, contemplate, design, intend, meditate, plan
【考法4】v. 意味着:to serve or intend to convey, show, or indicate
[例] The national anthem means various things to various people. 对于不同的人来说,国歌的意义不尽相同。
[近] connote, denote, express, import, signify, spell
[派] meaningful adj. 有意义的
symbol: [mi:n]
zhuji: 【记】me我，an一个：我就剩一个了－吝啬的
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position: (15, 7)

正面: meander
definition: 【考法】vi. 闲逛,漫步:to move aimlessly and idly without fixed direction
[例] meander along the river 沿着河闲逛‖vagabonds meandering through life 漂泊一生的浪子
[近] amble, cruise, drift, float, ramble, roam, saunter,stroll, wander
symbol: [mi'ændər]
zhuji: 【记】源于Maeander（曼伊安德河）土耳其西部曼德列斯河的古名，以其蜿蜒曲折而著名。Me我，ander＝under：我在河的底下是因为水流不急，蜿蜒而流。
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position: (15, 7)

正面: measly
definition: 【考法】adj. 少得可怜的,微不足道的:so small or unimportant as to warrant little or no attention
[例] The stingy man gave the parking attendant a measly tip. 那个吝啬男给了停车保安少得可怜的小费。
[近] inconsequential, inconsiderable, insignificant, minute, paltry, peanut, petty, slight, trifling, trivial
[反] big, consequential, considerable, significant 大量的,重要的
symbol: ['mi:zli]
zhuji: 【记】读：me死了，但是我是微不足道的。
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position: (15, 7)

正面: measured
definition: 【考法】adj. 深思熟虑的,审慎的:deliberated, calculated
[例] a measured response to the terrorist attack 就恐怖袭击做出的深思熟虑的反应
[近] advised, calculated, considered, knowing, reasoned, studied, thoughtful, weighed
[反] casual 随意的;uncalculated, unconsidered, unstudied 没仔细考虑过的
symbol: ['meʒərd]
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position: (15, 8)

正面: meddle
definition: 【考法】vi. 干涉,管闲事:to intrude into other people's affairs or business; interfere
[例] Please stop meddling in my marriage. 请不要来干涉我的婚姻。
[近] interfere, interlope, intermeddle, intrude, obtrude, poke, pry, snoop
[反] disregard, ignore, neglect, omit, overlook 忽略,不理会
[派] meddlesome adj. 爱管闲事的
symbol: ['medl]
zhuji: 【记】源于：mix（v /n 混合）把别人的事情弄得混乱－干涉源于：middle（n / adj 中间的）到了别人的中间－干涉
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position: (15, 8)

正面: mediate
definition: 【考法】vt. 调解,调停:to intervene between two or more disputants in order to bring about an agreement, a settlement, or a compromise
[例] mediate a labor-management dispute 调解劳工纠纷
[近] conciliate, intercede, intermediate, interpose
[反] arouse, encourage, excite, foment, incite, inflame, instigate, pique, spark, stimulate, stir 煽动激起
[派] mediator n. 调停人
symbol: ['mi:dieɪt]
zhuji: 【记】med中间，I，，ate吃－我在两人中间吃饭－调停他们之间的矛盾
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position: (15, 8)

正面: mediocre
definition: 【考法】adj. 平庸的;质量中等偏下的:moderate to inferior in quality; ordinary
[例] Without a desire for success, life is at best mediocre. 没有对成功的强烈渴望,人生最多也就是碌碌无为。
[近] average, common, commonplace, fair, indifferent, medium, ordinary
[反] outstanding, excellent, exceptional, extraordinary, impressive, superior 优秀的
[派] mediocrity n. 平庸者;平庸
symbol: [ˌmi:di'oʊkər]
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position: (15, 8)

正面: medley
definition: 【考法】adj. 大杂烩,混合物:an unorganized collection or mixture of various things
[例] a medley of snack foods available on the buffet table 自助餐桌上供应着各式各样的小吃
[近] agglomerate, collage, hodgepodge, jumble, montage, motley, muddle, salad, shuffle, variety, welter
symbol: ['medli]
zhuji: 【记】源于：meddle（v 干涉，乱弄）
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position: (15, 8)

正面: meek
definition: 【考法1】adj. 谦恭的:showing patience and humility; gentle
[例] He was a meek, mild-mannered fellow. 他是个谦逊、温文尔雅的人。
[近] humble, modest, unassuming, unpretentious
[反] arrogant, bumptious, haughty, imperious, pompous, presumptuous, supercilious 自大的
【考法2】adj. 顺从的:easily imposed on; submissive
[例] He may be self-effacing, but he certainly isn't meek. 他可能是个很低调的人,但他绝非软骨头。
[近] compliant, docile, manageable, obedient, submissive, tractable
[反] adamant, headstrong, intractable, obstinate, refractory, stubborn, unruly, unyielding 倔强的,不顺从的
symbol: [mi:k]
zhuji: 【记】读：秘客－神秘的客人是温顺的读：秘渴－小秘渴了－需要男人温顺的喂她。
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position: (15, 8)

正面: meet
definition: 【考法】adj. 合适的:precisely adapted to a particular situation, need, or circumstance: very proper
[例] In this case, splitting the winnings of the contested lottery ticket seems like a meet solution. 在这种情况下,平分有争议的彩票奖金或许是个合适的解决方案。
[近] applicable, appropriate, apt, becoming, befitting, felicitous, fitting, proper, right, suitable
[反] improper, inapplicable, inapposite, inappropriate, inapt, infelicitous, malapropos 不合适的
symbol: [mi:t]
zhuji3000: 【记】 meet (demand) → a. 合适的
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position: (15, 8)

正面: mellifluous
definition: 【考法】adj.(曲调)优美的:smooth and sweet
[例] a mellifluous voice 甜美的嗓音
[近] dulcet, euphonious, mellifluent, mellow, melodious
[反] cacophonous, raspy 刺耳的
symbol: [me'lɪfluəs]
zhuji: 【记】melli蜂蜜，flu流，ous多－形容音乐象流蜜一样的melli读：美丽，flu流，ous多－音乐美丽的流
zhuji3000: 【根】 mel (li) [honey] + flu [flow] + -ous [a.], flow with honey → a. (曲调) 优美的
【联】 melody [n. 旋律;美妙的音乐] 就来自词根mel, “麦乐迪”KTV的原型。
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position: (15, 8)

正面: melodramatic
definition: 【考法】adj. 感情夸张的,伤感的:exaggeratedly emotional or sentimental; histrionic
[例] Our office drama queen yet again made the melodramatic declaration that she was contemplating suicide. 我们办公室的“影后”又一次在危言耸听了:这回她说她准备自杀。
[近] dramatic, hammy, histrionic, mannered, pretentious, stagy
[反] nondramatic, nontheatrical 平淡无奇的,非戏剧性的
symbol: [ˌmelədrə'mætɪk]
zhuji3000: 【参】 melody [旋律], drama [n. 戏剧], drama with melody, 带有配乐的戏剧 → a. 感情夸张的,伤感的
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position: (15, 8)

正面: menace
definition: 【考法】vt. 威胁,使处于危险:to make a show of intention to harm; to place in danger
[例] Stockpiles of nuclear weapons continue to menace the inhabitants of this planet. 大量的核武器继续威胁着这个行星上的居民。
[近] compromise, hazard, imperil, jeopardize, peril, risk, threaten
[反] rescue, save 救出
[派] menacing adj. 具有威胁性的
symbol: ['menəs]
zhuji: 【记】menace＝men＋face，男人的脸－威胁
zhuji3000: 【联】 拿出“突出的小尖 [men=min] , (像A [ace] 一样的匕首) ” → vt. 威胁,使处于危险
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position: (15, 8)

正面: mendacious
definition: 【考法】adj. 撒谎的,虚假的:telling or containing lies
[例] mendacious tales about his adventures 关于他冒险的虚假传说
[近] dishonest, deceitful, fallacious, lying, spurious, untruthful
[反] authentic, honest, truthful, veracious 真实的,诚实的
symbol: [men'deɪ∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】mend（v 修补），aci，ous多－修补太多－撒谎的
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position: (15, 9)

正面: mentor
definition: 【考法1】n. 导师:a trusted counselor or guide
[例] not only an lecturer but also a spirit mentor 不仅是授课者,还是精神导师
[近] advisor, coach, counselor, guide, instructor, teacher
[反] disciple, pupil 弟子;apprentice 学徒
【考法2】vt. 教导,指导:to give advice and instruction regarding the course or process to be followed
[例] We're looking for volunteers to mentor students in career planning. 我们正在寻找能指导学生职业规划的志愿者。
[近] coach, counsel, lead, pilot, shepherd, show, tutor
[反] comply, follow, observe 遵从
symbol: ['mentɔ:r]
zhuji: 【记】ment精神，or－在精神上指导的人－导师
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position: (15, 9)

正面: mercenary
definition: 【考法1】n.(外国军队的)雇佣军:a professional soldier hired for service in a foreign army
[例] hire a mercenary army to protect the VIP 雇佣了一支佣兵来保护重要人物
[近] hack
【考法2】adj. 唯利是图的,贪婪的:motivated solely by a desire for monetary or material gain
[例] Virtue flies from the heart of a mercenary man. 唯利是图的人没有美德可言。
[近] acquisitive, avaricious, avid, covetous, grasping, greedy, moneygrubbing, rapacious
[反] benevolent, generous, liberal, philanthropic, munificent 慷慨的
symbol: ['mɜ:rsəneri]
zhuji: 【记】读：摸cenary，cen＝cent（n 分币）：整天摸钱的人－惟利是图的！
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position: (15, 9)

正面: mercurial
definition: 【考法】adj.(情绪)善变的:characterized by rapid and unpredictable changeableness of mood
[例] his mercurial temperament 他善变的脾气
[近] capricious, changeful, fluctuating, fluid, mutable, temperamental, uncertain, variable, volatile
[反] certain, constant, immutable, invariable, settled, stable, steady, unvarying 稳定的,不变的
symbol: [mɜ:r'kjʊriəl]
zhuji: 【记】源于mercury（n 水银），水银流动性极强－善变的
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position: (15, 9)

正面: merited
definition: 【考法】adj. 应得的,理所当然的:being what is called for by accepted standards of right and wrong
[例] a merited bonus 应得的奖金‖The punishment, although harsh, was entirely merited. 虽然惩罚很严厉,但的确是应该的。
[近] condign, deserved, due, fair, justified, right, warranted
[反] undeserved, undue 不应得的;gratuitous, unjustified, unwarranted 没有根据的,无正当理由的
symbol: ['merɪtɪd]
zhuji: 【记】源于：merit（n 优点），有优点的人就应得奖励。
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position: (15, 9)

正面: mesh
definition: 【考法】v. 诱捕:to catch or hold as if in a net
[例] Dolphins sometimes become meshed in fishnets. 有时海豚也会被渔网缠住。
[近] enmesh, ensnare, ensnarl, entoil, entrap, net, snare, tangle, trap
[反] disentangle, untangle 解开,使解脱
symbol: [me∫]
zhuji: 【记】读：卖诗，卖师的时候要一句啮合着一句卖，这才叫诗。
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position: (15, 9)

正面: mesmeric
definition: 【考法1】adj. 催眠的,催眠术的:of, relating to, or induced by mesmerism
[近] hypnotic
[反] awaking 觉醒的
【考法2】adj. 令人着迷的,难以抗拒的:attracting and holding interest as if by a spell
[例] the mesmeric recital 迷人的独奏
[近] attractive, alluring, captivating, charming, drawing, enchanting, riveting
[反] disgusting, loathesome, repellent, repulsive 令人厌恶的;unappealing, unattractive 没有吸引力的
[派] mesmerism n. 催眠术,难以抗拒的魅力;mesmerize vt. 催眠
symbol: [mez'merɪk]
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position: (15, 9)

正面: metamorphose
definition: 【考法】vt.(使)变形:to change into a different physical form especially by supernatural means
[例] a science fiction story in which radiation metamorphoses people into giant bugs 一个描绘辐射将人变成了巨大虫子的科幻小说
[近] alchemize, transfigure, transform, transmute, transpose, transubstantiate
[反] remain 保持
symbol: [ˌmetə'mɔ:rfoʊz]
zhuji: 【记】meta变化，morph读成魔方，是有形状的词根，ose－变形
zhuji3000: 【根】 meta- [change] + morph [form] + -ose [v.], change form → v. (使) 变形
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position: (15, 9)

正面: metaphysical
definition: 【考法1】adj. 哲学上的,理论上的:dealing with or expressing a quality or idea
[例] a work that deals with such metaphysical questions as the very nature of knowledge 一部探讨诸如“知识的本质是什么”的理论问题的著作
[近] conceptual, ideal, ideational, notional, theoretical
[反] concrete 具体的,实实在在的
【考法2】adj. 非尘世的:of, relating to, or being part of a reality beyond the observable physical universe
[例] a metaphysical world beyond the one in which we live 在我们居住的世界之外的“超然世界”
[近] ethereal, heavenly, otherworldly, paranormal, preternatural, transcendental, unearthly, unworldly
[反] mundane 世俗的;natural 自然界的
symbol: [ˌmetə'fɪzɪkl]
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position: (15, 9)

正面: meteoric
definition: 【考法】adj. 流星般迅速而短暂的:similar to a meteor in speed, brilliance, or brevity
[例] a meteoric rise to fame 一夜成名
[近] ephemeral, evanescent, fleeting, momentary, rapid, transient, transitory
[反] enduring, lasting, permanent, prolonged 持久的
symbol: [ˌmi:ti'ɔ:rɪk]
zhuji: 【记】源于：meteor（n 流星）
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position: (15, 9)

正面: methodical
definition: 【考法】adj. 井然有序的,有条理的:arranged or proceeding in regular, systematic order
[例] a methodical summary that included lists of points to memorize 一份包含了记忆重点的有条理的总结
[近] neat, orderly, organized, regular, systematic, systematized
[反] disorganized, haphazard, irregular, unsystematic 杂乱的,混乱无序的
symbol: [mə'θɑ:dɪkl]
zhuji: 【记】源于：method（n 方法）
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position: (15, 10)

正面: meticulous
definition: 【考法】adj. 极为谨慎的:marked by extreme or excessive care in the consideration or treatment of details
[例] He was so meticulous about everything. 他对所有事都一丝不苟。
[近] careful, conscientious, exact, fussy, heedful, painstaking, punctilious, scrupulous
[反] careless, feckless, heedless, thoughtless 疏忽大意的
symbol: [mə'tɪkjələs]
zhuji: 【记】meticul胆小害怕的，ous多－害怕多－谨小慎微的me我，ticu提裤，lous：我在提裤子的时候是小心的。
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position: (15, 10)

正面: mettle
definition: 【考法1】n. 勇气:vigor and strength of spirit or temperament
[例] troops who showed their mettle in combat 在战场上表现出坚强勇气的部队
[近] bravery, courage, dauntlessness, fortitude, guts, nerve, pluck, spirit, spunk, valor
[反] cowardice, cravenness, gutlessness, pusillanimity, spinelessness 胆小,怯懦
【考法2】n. 毅力,耐力:staying quality: stamina
[例] Those trucks had proved their mettle in army transport. 那些卡车通过在军队运输中的表现证明了它们的耐用性。
[近] durability, endurance, stamina, persistence, resolution
[派] mettlesome adj. 有毅力的
symbol: ['metl]
zhuji: 【记】读：埋头－有埋头苦干的勇气
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position: (15, 10)

正面: miff
definition: 【考法】vt. 使恼怒:to cause to become offended or annoyed
[例] be miffed by her son's disobedience 被她儿子的叛逆惹恼
[近] aggravate, annoy, enrage, exasperate, incense, infuriate, ire, madden, nettle, peeve, vex
[反] appease, assuage, mollify, placate, propitiate 平息,安抚;delight, gratify, please 取悦,讨好
symbol: [mɪf]
zhuji: 【记】mi＝me，ff夫人：我的夫人总是无畏的发脾气。读：秘夫－小秘和夫人之间总是－无畏的争吵
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position: (15, 10)

正面: migratory
definition: 【考法】adj. 迁移的:having a way of life that involves moving from one region to another typically on a seasonal basis
[例] migratory birds heading south for the winter 为了越冬而往南飞的候鸟
[近] migrant, mobile, nomad, nomadic, traveling
[反] nonmigrant, resident, sedentary 常居一处的,不迁移的
symbol: ['maɪgrətɔ:ri]
zhuji: 【记】读：me割rat，ory－我要用刀割老鼠－老鼠只能流浪了。
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position: (15, 10)

正面: milk
definition: 【考法】vt. 榨取(财富、信息等):to draw or coerce profit or advantage from illicitly or to an extreme degree
[例] milk the workers 从工人身上榨取好处‖The interrogators milked the arrested spy, but he was dry. 审问者想尽办法套被捕间谍的话,但是无功而返。
[近] drain, exploit
symbol: [mɪlk]
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position: (15, 10)

正面: mime
definition: 【考法】v. 模仿:to use(someone or something)as the model for one's speech, mannerisms, or behavior
[例] mime a dog begging for food 模仿小狗乞食
[近] ape, copy, copycat, emulate, mimic, simulate
symbol: [maɪm]
zhuji: 【记】原指：古希腊和古罗马的一种戏剧表演形式，剧中类似的人物或情景在舞台上以闹剧表演出来，通常伴有荒唐可笑的动作。Mi和me长得差不多，所以要通过手势表现出来。
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position: (15, 10)

正面: mimic
definition: 【考法1】adj. 仿真的,仿造的:being such in appearance only and made with or manufactured from usually cheaper materia
[例] Police were concerned that the mimic gun, although intended only as a toy, might be confused with the real thing in certain situations. 尽管仿真枪只是玩具,但警方担忧在某些情况下它会被误认为是真枪。
[近] artificial, bogus, factitious, fake, false, imitative, mock, sham, simulated, substitute, synthetic
[反] genuine, natural, real 真实的
【考法2】vt. 滑稽地模仿(以取笑):to copy or exaggerate(someone or something)in order to make fun of
[例] The comedian was famous for mimicking the President's distinctive lisp. 这个喜剧演员因能滑稽地模仿那位总统特有的口齿不清而闻名。
[近] burlesque, caricature, do, imitate, mock, parody, send up, spoof, travesty
【考法3】vt. 模仿:to use(someone or something)as the model for one's speech, mannerisms, or behavior
[例] She began to learn their language by mimicking the sounds they made. 她开始通过模仿发音来学习他们的语言。
[近] ape, copy, copycat, emulate, mimic, simulate
[派] mimicry n. 模仿
symbol: ['mɪmɪk]
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position: (15, 10)

正面: minatory
definition: 【考法】adj. 带来威胁的,有凶兆的:being or showing a sign of evil or calamity to come
[例] The novel's protagonist is haunted by a minatory black specter. 这部小说的主人公被不祥的黑色幽灵所骚扰。
[近] baleful, direful, doomy, foreboding, ill-boding, inauspicious, menacing, portentous, sinister, threatening
[反] unthreatening 没有威胁的;reassuring 令人安心的
symbol: ['mɪnətɔ:ri]
zhuji: 【记】min＝mini迷你，小，atory＝story：给你讲一个小的鬼故事－恐吓威胁。
zhuji3000: 【记】 minat [menace] + -ory [a.], 威胁的, 危险的 → a.带来威胁的,有凶兆的
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position: (15, 10)

正面: mince
definition: 【考法1】vt. 切碎:to cut or chop into very small pieces
[例] I'll buy some lean meat and mince it myself. 我会买一些瘦肉然后自己切好。
[近] cut, dice, grind, hash
【考法2】vi. 小步走:to walk with very short steps or with exaggerated primness
[例] The bride minced through the cathedral. 新娘踏着细小的步伐穿过教堂。
[反] stride 大步走
录取学校:Cornell University Ms. Financial Engineering)
symbol: [mɪns]
zhuji: 【记】min小，ce－切小，切碎－碎步走
zhuji3000: 【记】 来自词根min [small], small (pieces) → vt. 切碎;small (steps) , “小碎步” → vi. 小步走
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position: (15, 10)

正面: mingle
definition: 【考法1】vi. 参加社交活动:to take part in social activities
[例] mingle at a cocktail party 在鸡尾酒会上与他人交往
[近] associate, fraternize, socialize
【考法2】vt. 混合,结合:to mix so that the components become united
[例] mingle the ingredients 将调料混合‖mingle fact and fiction 糅杂了现实与幻想
[近] mix, amalgamate, blend, commingle, immingle, intermix, merge
[反] divide, separate, sunder 分开
symbol: ['mɪŋgl]
zhuji: 【记】源于：mix（v 使混和）
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position: (16, 1)

正面: minimize
definition: 【考法1】vt. 将…减到最少:to reduce to the smallest possible amount, extent, size, or degree
[例] All striking forces are told to minimize civilian casualties. 所有攻击部队被要求尽可能减少平民伤亡。
[近] deprecate, diminish, discount, reduce
[反] inflate, magnify 膨胀,扩大;maximize 最大化
[派] minimum adj. 最小的
【考法2】vt. 刻意低估:to underestimate intentionally
[例] minimize losses in our own company while maximize those of the rival 低估我方损失而高估对手损失
[近] underestimate, underrate, undervalue
[反] overestimate 高估;exaggerate 夸张,夸大
【考法3】vt. 表示鄙夷:to express scornfully one's low opinion of
[例] Sore losers minimized the other team's victory. 愤愤不平的失败者对获胜方的胜利表现出鄙夷。
[近] belittle, denigrate, deprecate, depreciate, derogate, diminish, disparage, trash, vilipend
[反] acclaim, applaud, exalt, extol, glorify, laud, magnify, praise 欢呼,赞扬
symbol: ['mɪnɪmaɪz]
zhuji: 【记】min表示小
zhuji3000: 【记】 minim (um) [smallest] + ize [v.], make...smallest → vt. 将…减到最少;(将能力、价值等) 估到尽量小 → vt. 刻意低估;(将事物的价值、意义) 刻意低估 → vt. 表示鄙夷
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position: (16, 1)

正面: mint
definition: 【考法1】n. 巨额:an abundant amount, especially of money
[例] worth a mint 价值连城
[近] bomb, boodle, bundle, fortune, pile, wad
[反] mite, modicum 少量
【考法2】adj. 无损坏的:unmarred as if fresh from a mint
[例] a second-handed laptop in mint condition 一台几乎全新的二手笔记本电脑
[近] intact, original, perfect, pristine, unmarred, virginal
[反] impaired, damaged 有损坏的;stale 陈腐的
symbol: [mɪnt]
zhuji: 【记】mint源于money
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position: (16, 1)

正面: minuscule
definition: 【考法】adj. 极小的:very small
[例] a minuscule progress 极小的进步
[近] atomic, infinitesimal, microscopic, miniature, minute, tiny
[反] colossal, elephantine, enormous, gargantuan, gigantic, huge, immense, mammoth, prodigious 巨大的
symbol: ['mɪnəskju:l]
zhuji: 【记】min小
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position: (16, 1)

正面: minute
definition: 【考法1】adj. 仔细的,谨小慎微的:characterized by careful scrutiny and close examination
[例] a minute description of the setting of the story 故事背景的详细介绍
[近] circumstantial, elaborate, full, particular, particularized, thorough
[反] brief, compendious, concise, succinct, summary, terse 摘要性的,简述的
【考法2】adj. 小的,不重要的:very small or of small importance
[例] It is not sagacious to invest excessively in minute details. 过分投入到不重要的细枝末节上是不明智的。
[近] frivolous, incidental, inconsiderable, insignificant, little, minor, negligible, nugatory, slight, trifling, trivial
[反] consequential, critical, crucial, momentous, significant, vital, weighty 关键的,重要的
[派] minutes n. 会议记录
symbol: [maɪ'nju:t]
zhuji3000: 【根】 min [small] + -ute [a.], (of) small (importance), (重要性) 小 → a. 小的,不重要的;细致入微 → a.仔细的,谨小慎微的
【联】 minutia [n. 次要的细节,小事]
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position: (16, 1)

正面: minutiae
definition: 【考法】n. 次要的细节,小事:a minute or minor detail
[例] plagued by minutiae 被不重要的细节困扰
[近] triviality
[反] gist 要点
symbol: [mɪ'nu:∫ii:]
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position: (16, 1)

正面: mirage
definition: 【考法】n. 海市蜃楼,幻想:something illusory and unattainable like a mirage
[例] Reunion with her husband has become a mirage. 与她丈夫重逢已是可望而不可及的幻想。‖A peaceful solution proved to be a mirage. 和平解决问题是不可能的了。
[近] chimera, delusion, hallucination, illusion, phantom, vision
[反] reality 现实
symbol: [mə'rɑ:ʒ]
zhuji: 【记】mir惊奇，age－使人惊奇之物－海市蜃楼
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position: (16, 1)

正面: mire
definition: 【考法1】n. 困境:a difficult, puzzling, or embarrassing situation from which there is no easy escape
[例] stuck in a mire of emotional dependency 陷于感情依赖的困境中
[近] dilemma, hole, impasse, jam, pickle, quagmire, rattrap, swamp
【考法2】vt. 使陷入困境,拖后腿:to hamper or hold back as if by mire
[例] be mired in the past 陷于过去的回忆不能自拔
[近] bog, broil, delay, detain, entangle, entrap, retard
[反] enfranchise, extricate, free, liberate, rescue 使解脱
symbol: ['maɪər]
zhuji: 【记】mi密，re热：又密又热的地方－沼泽；困境。
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position: (16, 1)

正面: mirth
definition: 【考法】n. 欢乐,欢笑:gladness or gaiety as shown by or accompanied with laughter
[例] a man of little mirth 不苟言笑之人
[近] cheer, festivity, gaiety, glee, happiness, hilarity, jocundity, joviality, lightheartedness
[反] dejection, depression, desolation, despondence, doldrums, melancholy, oppression 沮丧,忧伤
[派] mirthful adj. 高兴的
symbol: [mɜ:rθ]
zhuji: 【记】mir惊奇，th死：令人惊奇的死亡，笑死了。
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position: (16, 1)

正面: misanthropic
definition: 【考法】adj. 反人类的:having or showing a deep distrust of human beings and their motives
[例] a solitary and misanthropic artist 一个孤立的反人类艺术家
[近] antisocial, cynical, pessimistic
[反] philanthropic 博爱的;uncynical 不愤世嫉俗的
[派] misanthrope n. 反人类分子
symbol: [ˌmɪsən'θrɑ:pɪk]
zhuji3000: 【记】 mis- [bad] + anthrop [mankind] + -ic [a.], 认为人类不好,(或对人类有害) → a. 反人类的
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position: (16, 1)

正面: misbehaving
definition: 【考法】adj. 调皮的,行为不端的:engaging in or marked by childish misbehavior
[例] a new approach for disciplining a chronically misbehaving child 一个教育调皮小孩的新方法
[近] annoying, devious, errant, impish, mischievous, naughty, playful, wicked
[反] decorous, urbane 举止得体的
symbol: [ˌmɪsbɪ'heɪvɪŋ]
zhuji3000: 【记】 mis- [bad] + behave [v. 表现 (行为) ] + ing → a.调皮的,行为不端的
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position: (16, 2)

正面: mischievous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 调皮的,淘气的:playful in a naughty or teasing way
[例] The mischievous child broke the vase. 那个调皮的孩子打碎了花瓶。
[近] annoying, devious, errant, impish, misbehaving, naughty, playful, wicked
[反] decorous, urbane 举止得体的
【考法2】adj. 有害的:causing harm or trouble
[例] mischievous rumors that defame him 恶意中伤他的谣言
[近] adverse, baleful, baneful, deleterious, detrimental, evil, hurtful, injurious, nocuous, noxious, pernicious
[反] beneficial 有益的;anodyne, benign, harmless, innocent, innocuous, inoffensive, safe 无害的
symbol: ['mɪst∫ɪvəs]
zhuji: 【记】mis坏，chiev＝chief（n 首领），ous－坏首领－恶作剧的mis不能，chi吃，evous：东西不能吃是因为有害的
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position: (16, 2)

正面: misconstrue
definition: 【考法】vt. 误解,曲解:to mistake the meaning of
[例] An outsider might misconstrue the nature of the phenomenon. 局外者可能会曲解这个现象的本质。
[近] garble, misapprehend, misinterpret, misperceive, misread, misrepresent, mistake
[反] appreciate, apprehend, catch, comprehend, fathom, grasp, perceive, savvy, seize, understand 获知
symbol: [ˌmɪskən'stru:]
zhuji: 【记】mis错，construe（v 解释）
zhuji3000: 【记】 mis- [wrong] + construe [v. 分析, 理解] → v. 误解,曲解
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position: (16, 2)

正面: miscreant
definition: 【考法】n. 恶棍,罪犯:one who behaves criminally or viciously
[例] robbed by a bunch of miscreants 遭到了一伙歹徒的抢劫
[近] brute, culprit, devil, felon, fiend, offender, rascal, reprobate, villain
[反] cavalier, chevalier(尤指对女士)彬彬有礼的绅士
symbol: ['mɪskriənt]
zhuji: 【记】mis坏，creant＝create创造－创造出来的坏人
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position: (16, 2)

正面: misdemeanour
definition: 【考法】n. 轻罪:a crime less serious than a felony
[例] charged with several misdemeanours 被指控几项轻罪
[近] infraction, infringement, offense, peccadillo, violation
[反] felony 重罪
symbol: [ˌmɪsdɪ'mi:nər]
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position: (16, 2)

正面: miserly
definition: 【考法】adj. 吝啬的:marked by grasping meanness and penuriousness
[例] a miserly couple devoid of social conscience and responsibility 一对没有良心和社会责任感的吝啬夫妻
[近] closefisted, mean, niggard, parsimonious, penurious, stingy, tightfisted
[反] lavish, prodigal, spendthrift, squandering 浪费的;generous, liberal, munificent, openhanded 慷慨的
[派] miser n. 守财奴
symbol: ['maɪzərli]
zhuji: 【记】源于：miser（n 守财奴）
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position: (16, 2)

正面: misfortune
definition: 【考法】n. 不幸:bad fortune or ill luck
[例] unable to grasp why he had been struck by such a misfortune 无法理解他为何会遇上如此不幸之事
[近] adversity, calamity, cataclysm, catastrophe, disaster, ill, mischance, mishap, tragedy
[反] fortune, luck, serendipity 幸事
symbol: [ˌmɪs'fɔ:rt∫u:n]
zhuji: 【记】mis不，fortune（n 财富；运气）
zhuji3000: 【记】 mis- [bad] + fortune [n. 运气], bad fortune → n. 不幸
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position: (16, 2)

正面: misgiving
definition: 【考法】n. 担忧,疑虑:a feeling of doubt or suspicion especially concerning a future event
[例] No one can dispel his misgiving. 没有人能打消他的疑虑。
[近] apprehension, distrust, doubt, dread, fear, foreboding, incertitude, skepticism, suspicion
[反] assurance, belief, certainty, certitude, confidence, conviction, sureness, surety, trust 信心
symbol: [ˌmɪs'gɪvɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】mis没有，giving给：公司没有给你工资会产生担忧－疑虑恐惧
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position: (16, 2)

正面: mishap
definition: 【考法】n. 不幸之事:an unfortunate accident
[例] Mishap followed wherever he went. 不论他走到哪里,厄运总是形影相随。
[近] adversity, calamity, cataclysm, catastrophe, disaster, ill, mischance, misfortune, tragedy
[反] fortune, luck, serendipity 幸事
symbol: ['mɪshæp]
zhuji: 【记】mis坏，hap（n 运气）mis＝miss错过，hap＝happening（n 发生）：错过好事发生－霉运
zhuji3000: 【记】 mis- [bad] + hap [happen的缩写], 发生的坏 (事) → n. 不幸之事
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position: (16, 2)

正面: misrepresent
definition: 【考法】vt. 误传,篡改:to give an incorrect or misleading representation of
[例] misrepresent the facts 篡改事实真相
[近] belie, color, distort, falsify, garble, misinterpret, misrelate, misstate, pervert
[反] clarify, explain, illuminate, illustrate 澄清,阐明
[派] misrepresentation n. 篡改
symbol: [ˌmɪsˌreprɪ'zent]
zhuji: 【记】mis错，represent（v 表现）
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position: (16, 2)

正面: mite
definition: 【考法】n. 微小的东西,很少的钱:a very small object, creature, or particle, a very small sum of money
[例] I have only a mite left to buy lunch for the rest of the week. 我只剩下一点钱来买本周剩下几天的午饭了。
[近] atom, bit, hint, iota, molecule, particle, pittance, trace
[反] boodle, bundle, fortune 大笔(金钱);colossus 巨大的事物
symbol: [maɪt]
zhuji: 【记】原指：一种小的法兰德西硬币mit麻省理工，e饿：麻省理工号称疯人院，是因为在饿了的时候吃mite。
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position: (16, 3)

正面: mitigate
definition: 【考法】vt. 减轻痛苦,使缓和:to make less severe or painful
[例] powerful drugs that mitigate pains 强力的镇痛剂
[近] allay, alleviate, assuage, ease, mollify, palliate, relieve, soothe
[反] aggravate, exacerbate, intensify 加剧
[派] mitigation n. 缓和
symbol: ['mɪtɪgeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】miti＝mite小，gate－减轻mit麻省理工，I，gate门：MIT的大门突然向你敞开－你们现在紧张的心情就会缓和减轻。
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position: (16, 3)

正面: mobile
definition: 【考法1】adj. 可移动的:capable of moving or being moved
[例] a mobile missile launcher 可移动导弹发射装置
[近] motile, movable, portable, transportable
[反] immobile, immovable 不可移动的
【考法2】adj. 可变的:changeable in appearance, mood, or purpose
[例] a highly mobile face 善变的面孔
[近] adaptable, fluid, inconstant, mercurial, mutable, protean, unstable, unsteady, variable, versatile
[反] fixed, steadfast, stable 稳定的,不变的
[派] mobility n. 可移动性;mobilize v. 动员
symbol: ['moʊbl]
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position: (16, 3)

正面: mockery
definition: 【考法1】n. 鄙视,嘲弄:scornfully contemptuous ridicule
[例] Her deliberate mockery triggered a fierce fight. 她的蓄意嘲弄引起了一场激烈的打斗。
[近] derision, joke, mock, ridicule, scoffing
[反] respect, reverence, veneration 尊敬
【考法2】n. 以嘲笑为目的的模仿:a false, derisive, or impudent imitation
[例] arbitrary methods that make a mockery of justice 专断的方式是对司法公正的践踏
[近] burlesque, caricature, farce, parody, sham, travesty
[派] mock v. 愚弄,嘲弄
symbol: ['mɑ:kəri]
zhuji: 【记】monkey喜欢mockery别人
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position: (16, 3)

正面: moderate
definition: 【考法1】['mɑ:dəreɪt] vt. 使缓和:to lessen the intensity or extremeness of
[例] Sopranos and tenors moderates their voices to fit the size of the theater. 女高音和男高音们根据剧场的大小调节他们的声音以创造合适的效果。
[近] abate, diminish, dwindle, ease, lessen, lower, modulate, subside, taper, temper, wane
[反] escalate, enhance, expand, heighten, intensify 扩大,升级,增强
【考法2】['mɑ:dərət] adj. 适度的,中庸的:being within reasonable limits; not excessive or extreme
[例] The new proposals regarding defense budget were met with only moderate enthusiasm. 关于国防预算的新提案只得到了平淡的回应。
[近] average, conservative, fair, intermediate, mediocre, modest, reasonable, temperate
[反] exorbitant, excessive 过分的;extreme, radical 极端的
[派] immoderate adj. 不适度的
symbol: None
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position: (16, 3)

正面: modicum
definition: 【考法】n. 少量:a small portion; a limited quantity
[例] a modicum of food quota 极少量的食物配额
[近] atom, iota, mite, molecule, particle
[反] abundance, affluence 大量
symbol: ['mɑ:dɪkəm]
zhuji: 【记】mod＝modest适度的，icum量：适度的量－少量。
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position: (16, 3)

正面: mollify
definition: 【考法】vt. 平息,抚慰,缓和:to calm in temper or feeling
[例] mollify the angry customer 平息消费者的怒气
[近] allay, alleviate, appease, assuage, conciliate, mitigate, placate, propitiate, soothe
[反] aggravate, enrage, exasperate, incense, inflame, infuriate, ire, rankle, vex 激怒;antagonize 使敌对
[派] mollification n. 安抚
symbol: [mɑ:lɪfaɪ]
zhuji: 【记】moll软，抚摸，ify－软化－使脾气软化－安慰
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position: (16, 3)

正面: mollycoddle
definition: 【考法】vt. 宠爱,溺爱:to treat with an excessive or absurd degree of indulgence and attention
[例] mollycoddle his only grandson 溺爱他唯一的孙子
[近] coddle, cosset, indulge, pamper, spoil
[反] abuse, ill-treat 虐待
symbol: ['mɑ:likɑ:dl]
zhuji: 【记】molly软，抚摸，coddle（v 纵容）：又抚摸又纵容－过分纵容
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position: (16, 3)

正面: molt
definition: 【考法】vi. 脱(羽、皮等):to shed hair, feathers, shell, horns, or an outer layer periodically
[例] Snakes molt as they grow, shedding the old skin and growing a larger new skin. 随着年龄的增长,蛇会脱去老皮,长出大一点的新皮。
[近] exfoliate, exuviate, shed
[反] fledge 长羽毛
symbol: [moʊlt]
zhuji: 【记】读：摸他，总是摸他的头就会变成秃子－脱发
zhuji3000: 【联】 读音联想“毛脱”,脱毛 → 脱 (羽、皮等)
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position: (16, 3)

正面: momentous
definition: 【考法】adj. 极重要的:of utmost importance; of outstanding significance or consequence
[例] Battle of Stalingrad is a momentous campaign in World War Ⅱ. 斯大林格勒之战是第二次世界大战中具有重大意义的一次战役。
[近] consequential, considerable, crucial, eventful, important, monumental, pivotal, significant, vital, weighty
[反] inconsequential, negligible, slight, trifling, trivial 无关紧要的
symbol: [moʊ'mentəs]
zhuji: 【记】moment（n 关键时刻；重要性）
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position: (16, 3)

正面: momentum
definition: 【考法】n. 动力;冲力,势头:impetus of a physical object in motion; impetus of a nonphysical process, such as an idea or a course of events
[例] Their luck began to pick up momentum. 他们的运气开始转旺。
[近] boost, encouragement, goad, impetus, incentive, incitation, instigation, motivation, spur, stimulus
[反] deterrent 阻碍物;obstruction, resistance 阻力
symbol: [moʊ'mentəm]
zhuji: 【记】源于：movement（n 运动）
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position: (16, 4)

正面: mongrel
definition: 【考法】adj. 杂种的,混血儿的:of mixed origin or character
[例] homeless mongrel dogs on the streets 街上的流浪杂种狗
[近] crossbred, hybrid
[反] purebred 纯种的
symbol: ['mʌŋgrəl]
zhuji: 【记】读：蒙古－蒙古人是混血
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position: (16, 4)

正面: monochromatic
definition: 【考法1】adj. 单色的:having or consisting of one color or hue
[例] monochromatic filter 单色滤光片
[近] colorless, monochrome
[反] chromatic, colorful, iridescent, motley, rainbow, variegated 五光十色的
[派] monochromatism n. 全色盲
【考法2】adj. 单调无聊的:lacking variety, creativity, or excitement
[例] a monochromatic article eulogizing a hero 一篇无聊的赞颂英雄的文章
[近] arid, dreary, drudging, dull, jejune, monotonous, pedestrian, ponderous, stale, stodgy, tiresome
[反] absorbing, engaging, engrossing, gripping, interesting, intriguing, involving, riveting 吸引人的
symbol: [ˌmɑ:nəkroʊ'mætɪk]
zhuji: 【记】mono单独，chrom颜色，atic－单色的
zhuji3000: 【根】 mono [single] + chrom [color] + -atic [a.], of a single color → a. 单色的;颜色单一,缺乏变化 → a. 单调无聊的
【联】 近义词monotonous [单调的] 指“音调 [ton] 单一 [mono] 的 [-ous]”,因缺乏变化而令人乏味
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position: (16, 4)

正面: monologue
definition: 【考法】n. 独白:a dramatic sketch performed by one actor
[例] deliver a tedious monologue 做了一个冗长的独白
[近] soliloquy, solo, speech
[反] dialogue 对话
symbol: ['mɑ:nəlɔ:g]
zhuji: 【记】mono单独，logue说话－一个人说话－独白
zhuji3000: 【根】 mono- [single, alone] + logue [speak], (of actor) speak alone → n. 独白
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position: (16, 4)

正面: monotonous
definition: 【考法1】adj.(声音)单调的:uttered or sounded in one unvarying tone
[例] a monotonous apathetic voice 单调而冷漠的声音
[反] vociferous 嘈杂的
【考法2】adj. 清一色的,无聊的:tediously uniform or unvarying
[例] a sparkle in the monotonous background 单调背景中的一个亮点
[近] arid, dreary, drudging, dull, jejune, monochromatic, pedestrian, ponderous, stale, stodgy, tiresome
[反] absorbing, engaging, engrossing, gripping, interesting, intriguing, involving, riveting 吸引人的
symbol: [mə'nɑ:tənəs]
zhuji: 【记】mono单，ton声音，ous一单调的
zhuji3000: 【根】 mono- [single] + ton [tone] + -ous [a.], of single tone → a. (声音) 单调的;引申 → 清一色的,无聊的
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position: (16, 4)

正面: montage
definition: 【考法】n. 大杂烩:an unorganized collection or mixture of various things
[例] My memories of the childhood trip are a montage of the sights of two rivers, smells of hotpots, and sounds of light railway of Chongqing. 我孩提时代旅行的记忆就是由两江风光、火锅的香味以及重庆的轻轨声杂糅而成的。
[近] agglomerate, collage, hodgepodge, medley, motley, salad, variety
symbol: ['mɒntɑ:ʒ]
zhuji: 【记】外来语montage就读成蒙太奇
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position: (16, 4)

正面: moratorium
definition: 【考法】n. 延期,暂缓施行:a suspension of activity
[例] a moratorium on nuclear tests 暂缓核试验
[近] abeyance, delay, doldrums, dormancy, latency, quiescence, postponement, suspension
[反] resumption(从中断处)继续进行
symbol: [ˌmɔ:rə'tɔ:riəm]
zhuji: 【记】mor死，atorium：让你慢慢死－延缓偿付
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position: (16, 4)

正面: morbid
definition: 【考法1】adj. 疾病的,疾病所致的:affected with or induced by disease
[例] a morbid condition有疾病的状况
[近] diseased, pathological
[反] verdant 青翠的
【考法2】adj.(思想性格)变态的:characterized by preoccupation with unwholesome thoughts or feelings
[例] read the account of the murder with a morbid interest 怀着病态的心态读谋杀报告‖exhibit a morbid fascination 展现出一种病态的迷恋
[近] brainsick, crazy, deranged, lunatic, psychotic
[反] hale, salubrious, wholesome 健康的
[派] morbidity n. 病态
symbol: ['mɔ:rbɪd]
zhuji: 【记】mor死，bid－快死了－病态的直接读成中文◎＃￥※×
zhuji3000: 【联】 读音联想“毛病的” → a. 疾病的,疾病所致的;(思想性格) 变态的
【联】 moribund [a. 即将结束的,垂死的;即将过时的]
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position: (16, 4)

正面: mordant
definition: 【考法】adj. 尖酸刻薄的:biting and caustic in thought, manner, or style
[例] feel embarrassed about the mordant satire of the critics 对评论家刻薄的讽刺感到尴尬
[近] acerbic, acid, acrid, barbed, caustic, corrosive, pungent, sardonic, satiric, scalding, scathing, tart
[反] congenial, genial 和蔼的
symbol: ['mɔ:rdnt]
zhuji: 【记】mor死，dant：说出来的话使人想死－尖酸刻薄的m妈妈，ord＝order，ant：妈妈命令蚂蚁的话－尖酸刻薄的
zhuji3000: 【根】 mord [咬] + -ant [a.] → a. 尖酸刻薄的
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position: (16, 4)

正面: moribund
definition: 【考法1】adj. 即将结束的,垂死的:approaching death; about to die
[例] The nation's banking industry was moribund. 这个国家的银行业危在旦夕。
[近] decadent, deteriorating, dying, expiring, fading
[反] beginning, nascent 初生的,刚开始的;lively, thriving, vigorous, vital 有活力的
【考法2】adj. 即将过时的:on the verge of becoming obsolete
[例] Some social conventions have been rendered moribund in face of modernization. 不少传统习俗在现代化的影响下变得岌岌可危。
[近] antiquated, archaic, dated, fossilized, moth-eaten, outdated, outworn, rusty
[反] fresh, new 崭新的;promising 充满希望的
symbol: ['mɔ:rɪbʌnd]
zhuji: 【记】mori死，bund＝bound边界－离死的边界不远了－垂死的
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position: (16, 4)

正面: morose
definition: 【考法】adj. 忧郁的:having a sullen and gloomy disposition
[例] morose job seekers who are inured to rejection 习惯了被拒的郁郁寡欢的求职者
[近] bleak, chill, dark, depressed, dire, dour, gloomy, lugubrious, saturnine, solemn, sulky, sullen, surly
[反] bright, cheerful, festive, jovial, jocund, sanguine, lighthearted, rejoiced 高兴的,欢快的
symbol: [mə'roʊs]
zhuji: 【记】mo摸，rose玫瑰－没事儿摸玫瑰上的刺－不高兴的
zhuji3000: 【联】 mo [莫 (有) ] + rose [玫瑰花] → a. 忧郁的
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position: (16, 5)

正面: mosaic
definition: 【考法】n. 综合物,马赛克般的东西:an unorganized collection or mixture of various things
[例] a mosaic of testimony from various witnesses 从不同证人中得来的综合证词
[近] agglomerate, collage, hodgepodge, jumble, montage, motley, muddle, salad, shuffle, variety, welter
symbol: [moʊ'zeɪɪk]
zhuji3000: 【联】 读音“马赛克” → n. 综合物,马赛克般的东西
【源】 mosaic最初指由不同颜色的玻璃或瓷砖镶嵌而成的图案
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position: (16, 5)

正面: mosque
definition: 【考法】n. 清真寺:a building used for public worship by Muslim
[例] a deadly suicide attack at the mosque 在清真寺发生的致命自杀性袭击
[近] cathedral, chapel, church, temple
symbol: [mɑ:sk]
zhuji: 【记】源于：Moslem（n 穆斯林）
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position: (16, 5)

正面: moth-eaten
definition: 【考法】adj. 过时的:having passed its time of use or usefulness
[例] dressed in a moth-eaten style 过时的衣着
[近] antiquated, archaic, dated, fossilized, moribund, outdated, outworn, rusty
[反] fresh, new 崭新的;promising 充满希望的
symbol: ['mɔ:θˌi:tn]
zhuji3000: 【记】 moth [蛾] + eaten [吃,咬],被蛾子咬过 (因而破旧不堪) → a. 过时的
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position: (16, 5)

正面: motile
definition: 【考法】adj. 能动的:exhibiting or capable of movement
[例] Aircraft carriers are recognized as a motile combat platform. 航空母舰是一种移动作战平台。
[近] mobile, movable, portable, transportable
[反] immobile 不可移动的
[派] motility n. 可运动性
symbol: ['moʊtɪl]
zhuji3000: 【根】 mot [move] + -ile [a.], easy to move → a. 能动的
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position: (16, 5)

正面: motivate
definition: 【考法】vt. 刺激,激发:to provide with an incentive; move to action
[例] questions that excite and motivate youth 激发青年人的问题
[近] excite, galvanize, impel, innervate, provoke, rouse, stimulate
[反] discourage, dishearten 使泄气
[派] motivation n. 动机;motivated adj. 被激励的
symbol: ['moʊtɪveɪt]
zhuji: 【记】源于：motive（n 动机；目的）
zhuji3000: 【根】 mot [move] + -iv + -ate [v.], make...move → vt. 刺激,激发
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position: (16, 5)

正面: motley
definition: 【考法】adj. 混杂的,富于变化的:(especially of colors)having elements of great variety or incongruity
[例] an arrangement of motley flowers 多种不同花束的组合
[近] assorted, chromatic, kaleidoscopic, heterogeneous, indiscriminate, magpie, piebald, variegated
[反] homogeneous, monochromatic, monotonous, unvaried 单一的,同一性的
symbol: ['mɑ:tli]
zhuji: 【记】mot＝mote微粒，ley－各种微粒混合－混杂的源于：medley（n 集成曲；混合物）
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position: (16, 5)

正面: mottle
definition: 【考法】vt. 标记上杂色斑点:to mark with spots or blotches of different shades or colors
[例] a black horse mottled with white 身上带有白色斑点的黑马
[近] blotch, dapple, dot, marble, splotch, spot, stain
[反] blanch 漂白
[派] mottled adj. 斑驳的
symbol: ['mɑ:tl]
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position: (16, 5)

正面: motto
definition: 【考法】n. 座右铭:a short expression of a guiding principle
[例] “Semper fidelis”is the motto of US Marine Corps.“永远忠诚”是美国海军陆战队的格言。
[近] catchword, doctrine, dogma, idiom, slogan
symbol: ['mɑ:toʊ]
zhuji: 【记】读：猫头，原指刻有猫头的盾牌的背面刻着的座右铭
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position: (16, 5)

正面: mournful
definition: 【考法】adj. 悲伤的:feeling or expressing sorrow or grief
[例] The mournful survivors of the disaster were faced with the grim task of burying the dead. 悲伤的幸存者面临着掩埋灾难中死者尸体的可怕任务。‖Mrs. Murphy fainted at the mournful news of her son's death. Murphy 太太听到她儿子的死讯后晕了过去。
[近] aching, agonized, anguished, doleful, dolorous, grievous, lamentable, lugubrious, melancholy, sad, woeful
[反] cheerful, delighted, jocund, jovial, jubilant 快活的
[派] mournfulness n. 悲伤
symbol: ['mɔ:rnfl]
zhuji: 【记】源于：mourn（v 哀悼；服丧）
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position: (16, 5)

正面: movement
definition: 【考法】n. 运动:the act or process of moving
[例] There appears to be some movement in the bush. 树丛中似乎有动静。
[近] action, motion, operation, shifting, stir
[反] motionlessness, stasis 静止
symbol: ['mu:vmənt]
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position: (16, 6)

正面: muddy
definition: 【考法1】adj. 不干净的:not clean
[例] The children got muddy after playing outside. 孩子们在外面玩弄得很脏。
[近] besmirched, dingy, draggled, dusty, filthy, foul, nasty, smudged, smutty, soiled, sordid, stained, sullied
[反] clean, immaculate, spotless, stainless, unsoiled, unstained, unsullied 干净的
【考法2】adj. 浑浊的,不清晰的:lacking in clarity or brightness
[例] a muddy recording 嘈杂不清的纪录
[近] cloudy, foul, murky, obscure, turbid
[反] clear 清晰的
【考法3】vt. 使难以理解:to make(something)unclear to the understanding
[例] That point is irrelevant and will just muddy the issue we're trying to resolve. 那个观点和我们讨论的问题毫不相干,它只会妨碍我们对于问题的理解。
[近] becloud, befog, blur, cloud, fog, obfuscate
[反] clarify, illuminate 阐明
symbol: ['mʌdi]
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position: (16, 6)

正面: muffle
definition: 【考法】vt. 使消声:to wrap or pad in order to deaden the sound
[例] close the window to muffle the outside noises 关上窗户以减少外界的噪音
[近] attenuate, dampen, deaden, mute, soften, stifle, suppress
[反] amplify, enhance, magnify 放大,增强
[派] muffler n. 消音器
symbol: ['mʌfl]
zhuji: 【记】外来语，读：麻风，一种慢性传染病，患者皮肤麻木、变厚、颜色变深、毛发脱落、感觉丧失、手指、脚趾变形。该病通过空气传染，所以周围的人都用围巾裹住嘴，导致声音降低。
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position: (16, 6)

正面: mulish
definition: 【考法】adj. 固执的:unreasonably and inflexibly obstinate
[例] a mulish determination to act on his own 铁了心要单打独斗
[近] adamant, headstrong, immovable, intractable, obstinate, pertinacious, perverse, refractory, stubborn
[反] flexible, pliable, pliant, yielding 易改变立场的,易受影响的
[派] mulishly adv. 固执地
symbol: ['mju:lɪ∫]
zhuji: 【记】读：木力士，头脑象木头一样的大力士不会变通－固执的
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position: (16, 6)

正面: mumble
definition: 【考法】v. 说话含糊:to utter words in a low confused indistinct manner
[例] He mumbled an apology reluctantly. 他不情愿地咕哝了句抱歉。
[近] grunt, murmur, mutter, whisper
[反] articulate, enunciate 清楚地表达
symbol: ['mʌmbl]
zhuji: 【记】象声词，“么么”的声音－咕哝
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position: (16, 6)

正面: mundane
definition: 【考法1】adj. 尘世的,世俗化的:of, relating to, or typical of this world
[例] As for opera, I prefer mundane to religious themes. 与宗教主题相比,我更喜欢世俗主题的歌剧。
[近] carnal, earthly, materialistic, secular, sensual, worldly
[反] spiritual 精神上的;ethereal 虚无缥缈的,非尘世的
【考法2】adj. 平凡的:relating to, characteristic of, or concerned with commonplaces
[例] mundane concerns of day-to-day life 关于日常生活的一般顾虑
[近] common, ordinary, prosaic
[反] extraordinary 非凡的
symbol: [mʌn'deɪn]
zhuji: 【记】m，und＝under，ane：下面的世界－世俗的
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position: (16, 6)

正面: munificent
definition: 【考法】adj. 慷慨的:very liberal in giving
[例] The university received a munificent foundation grant. 那所大学收到了一笔慷慨的基金资助。
[近] bountiful, charitable, generous, liberal, openhanded, unsparing
[反] closefisted, mean, miserly, niggardly, parsimonious, penurious, stingy, tightfisted 小气的
[派] munificence n. 慷慨
symbol: [mju:'nɪfɪsnt]
zhuji: 【记】muni公共，fic做，ent一为公共做一慷慨的mu木，ni你，fi飞，cent硬币：你象木头似的飞硬币－慷慨的
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position: (16, 6)

正面: murky
definition: 【考法1】adj. 黯淡的,昏暗的:being without light or without much light
[例] I didn't like walking around the murky campground without a flashlight. 我不喜欢在没有手电的情况下在营地里走动。
[近] black, caliginous, darkened, dim, gloomy, stygian
[反] bright, brightened, brilliant, illuminated, illumined, lucent, lucid, luminous 明亮的
【考法2】adj. 模糊的,晦涩的:lacking clarity or distinctness
[例] He felt lost in the murky bureaucratic rhetoric. 他感觉自己被官僚主义的晦涩说辞弄晕了。
[近] ambiguous, arcane, cloudy, equivocal, muddy, nebulous, obscure, occult, vague
[反] clear, limpid, pellucid, plain 清晰的
symbol: ['mɜ:rki]
zhuji: 【记】murk（n 黑暗），mur墙，在监狱的墙里面－昏暗的
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position: (16, 6)

正面: murmur
definition: 【考法1】n. 小声的话语:a low, indistinct, continuous sound
[例] We could hear the murmur of the audience throughout the entire performance. 我们在整个演出当中都能听到观众的窃窃私语。
[近] grunt, mumble, mutter, undertone, whisper
[反] roar 怒吼
【考法2】vi. 低声抱怨,发牢骚:to complain in low mumbling tones; grumble
[例] No prisoner dared murmur out toud. 没有囚犯敢大声报怨。
[近] carp, fuss, gripe, grizzle, grouch, grouse, grumble, moan, repine, whine
[反] crow, delight, rejoice 欢呼,高兴
symbol: ['mɜ:rmər]
zhuji: 【记】象声词：“么么”
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position: (16, 6)

正面: mutate
definition: 【考法】v.(使)改变,(使)变异:to undergo or cause to undergo mutation
[例] Some chromosomes started to mutate after exposure to X-Ray. 经X光照射之后部分染色体开始发生变异。
[近] alter, change, fluctuate, modify, shift, transfigure, transform, vary
[反] remain 保持不变;plateau, stabilize 使稳定
[派] mutation n. 改变;变异
symbol: ['mju:teɪt]
zhuji: 【记】mut变，ate一变化
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position: (16, 6)

正面: mute
definition: 【考法1】adj. 不说话的,缄默的:deliberately refraining from speech
[例] He always remained mute no matter how much we pleaded for an answer. 不论我们怎么恳求回答,他总是保持沉默。
[近] dumb, inarticulate, speechless, uncommunicative, voiceless, wordless
[反] communicative, expansive, loquacious, talkative 爱说话的,话多的
【考法2】vt. 使颜色、音调等柔和:to soften the tone, color, shade, or hue of
[例] mute a color 对颜色进行柔化
[近] attenuate, soften, subdue
[反] sharpen 锐化
【考法3】vt. 减弱声音:to soften or muffle the sound of
[近] dampen, deaden, muffle, stifle
[反] amplify, magnify 增强,放大
[派] muted adj. 消声的,静音的
symbol: [mju:t]
zhuji: 【记】mu木，te特：木头特别容易减弱声音，所以门用木头做。
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position: (16, 7)

正面: mutter
definition: 【考法】vi. 低声抱怨:to murmur complainingly or angrily
[例] mutter about the difficult assignment 抱怨作业太难
[近] carp, fuss, gripe, grizzle, grouch, grouse, grumble, moan, murmur, repine, whine
[反] crow, delight, rejoice 欢呼,高兴
symbol: ['mʌtər]
zhuji: 【记】读：（他）妈的－小声而含糊不清地抱怨
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position: (16, 7)

正面: myopic
definition: 【考法】adj. 缺乏远见的,缺乏辨别能力的:a lack of foresight or discernment
[例] a myopic view on climate change 关于气候变化缺乏远见的观点
[近] shortsighted, narrow-minded
[反] far-sighted, foreseeing, provident 有远见的;discerning 有辨别能力的
[派] myopia n. 近视;鼠目寸光
symbol: [maɪ'ɑ:pɪk]
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position: (16, 7)

正面: myriad
definition: 【考法】adj. 无限的,大量的:constituting a very large, indefinite number
[例] the myriad stars of a summer night 夏日夜空中的无尽繁星
[近] innumerable, numerous, uncountable, untold
[反] few, scarce, scanty 少的,缺乏的;countable, enumerable 可数清的
symbol: ['mɪriəd]
zhuji: 【记】my我的，riad＝raid（n /v 袭击）：我的袭击是无数的，因为我是暴徒。
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position: (16, 7)

正面: nadir
definition: 【考法】n. 最低点:the lowest point
[例] the nadir on the curve 曲线上的最低点
[近] base, bottom, foot
[反] acme, apex, climax, meridian, peak, pinnacle, summit, top, zenith 最高点
symbol: ['neɪdɪr]
zhuji: 【记】读：内地r，就是四川盆地－最低点
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position: (16, 7)

正面: na
definition: 【考法】adj. 天真纯朴的:lacking worldly experience and understanding, simple and guileless
[例] a child with a naïve charm 天真无邪的孩子
[近] artless, guileless, ingenuous, innocent, natural, simple, unaffected, unsophisticated
[反] sophisticated, worldly 世故的;affected, artful, assuming, dishonest, dissembling, guileful 虚伪做作的
[派] naivety n. 天真
symbol: None
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position: (16, 7)

正面: narcissism
definition: 【考法】n. 自恋:excessive love or admiration of oneself
[例] In his narcissism, he just assumed that everyone else wanted to hear the tiny details of his day. 在他自恋的眼中,仿佛所有人都想要听他日常生活里的细枝末节。
[近] egocentricity, egotism, self-absorption
[反] self-hatred 自我憎恨
[派] narcissistic adj. 自恋的
symbol: ['nɑ:rsɪsɪzəm]
zhuji: 【记】源于Narcissus，一个青年由于对水池中自己形象的眷恋而死去，变成一种以他的名字命名的花朵－水仙花
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position: (16, 7)

正面: nascent
definition: 【考法】adj. 新生的:coming or having recently come into existence
[例] The rise of the nascent middle class catalyzed a new economic boom. 新生中产阶级的崛起催生了一场新的经济繁荣。
[近] beginning, emerging, inceptive, inchoate, incipient, initial, introductory
[反] full-blown, full-fledged, mature, ripe 成熟的;moribund 将死的
[派] nascence n. 新生的状态
symbol: ['næsnt]
zhuji: 【记】读：拿cent（n 硬币），处于拿爸妈钱的年龄－初生的
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position: (16, 7)

正面: natty
definition: 【考法】adj. 整洁的,时髦的:trimly neat and tidy
[例] a natty young woman 整洁漂亮的年轻女子
[近] dapper, smart, spruce
[反] frowsy, sloppy, slovenly 邋遢的
symbol: ['næti]
zhuji: 【记】nat＝neat干净
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position: (16, 7)

正面: nauseate
definition: 【考法】v.(使)厌恶,(使)作呕:to feel or cause to feel loathing or disgust
[例] The malodor of the rotten meat made us nauseate. 腐肉的恶臭让我们恶心。
[近] disgust, repel, repulse, revolt, sicken
[反] delight 使愉悦
[派] nausea n. 恶心反胃
symbol: ['nɔ:zieɪt]
zhuji: 【记】源于：nausia，naus＝naut船，ia一船上的病一晕船一恶心读：闹死ate吃，吃饭的时候闹死了－作呕读：闹sea ate，在海上吃饭的时候闹－恶心
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position: (16, 7)

正面: nautical
definition: 【考法】adj. 航海的:of, relating to, or characteristic of ships, shipping, sailors, or navigation on a body of water
[例] nautical mile 海里
[近] marine, maritime, navigational
[反] aeronautic 航空的;astronautic 航天的
symbol: ['nɔ:tɪkl]
zhuji: 【记】naut（船）＝ical一航海的
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position: (16, 8)

正面: naysay
definition: 【考法】vt. 拒绝,否认:to oppose, deny, or take a pessimistic or negative view of
[近] decline, deny, deject, disallow, gainsay, oppose, refuse, reject
[反] accede, agree, concur, consent 同意
[派] naysayer n. 反对者
symbol: ['neɪseɪ]
zhuji: 【记】nay＝no，say：say no－拒绝
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position: (16, 8)

正面: nebulous
definition: 【考法】adj. 模糊的:indistinct, vague
[例] a nebulous description of the topic 对于主题的模糊描述
[近] ambiguous, arcane, equivocal, hazy, indistinct, muddy, murky, obscure, occult, vague
[反] distinct 明显的;clear, definite, unambiguous, unequivocal 明确的
[派] nebula n. 星云
symbol: ['nebjələs]
zhuji: 【记】源于：nebula（n 星云）读：奶bull，ous－奶奶被公牛撞得血肉模糊－模糊的
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position: (16, 8)

正面: needy
definition: 【考法】adj. 贫困的:being in need; impoverished, poor
[例] As a child, she was extremely needy and had no self-confidence. 她是一个非常贫穷的小孩,因此缺乏自信。
[近] destitute, impecunious, impoverished, indigent, penurious, poor, threadbare
[反] affluent, opulent, wealthy 富有的
symbol: ['ni:di]
zhuji: 【记】need东西的状态－needy
zhuji3000: 【根】 need [需要] + -y [a.], (极度) 需要的,匮乏的 → a.贫穷的
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position: (16, 8)

正面: nefarious
definition: 【考法】adj. 极坏的,邪恶的:flagrantly wicked or impious
[例] a nefarious scheme to assassinate the archbishop 企图刺杀大主教的邪恶阴谋
[近] atrocious, degenerate, devious, evil, heinous, infamous, miscreant, vicious, villainous, wicked
[反] ethical, righteous, upright, virtuous 品德高尚的;beneficial 有益的;exemplary 模范的
symbol: [nɪ'feriəs]
zhuji: 【记】源于：far远一nefarious的人要离得far
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position: (16, 8)

正面: negation
definition: 【考法】n. 否定:the opposite or absence of something regarded as actual, positive, or affirmative
[例] She issued specific negations of all of the charges against her. 她发表了明确的声明,否定了所有对她的指控。
[近] contradiction, denegation, denial, gainsaying, rejection, repudiation
[反] acknowledgement, affirmation, avowal 肯定,同意
[派] negative adj. 否定的;负面的
symbol: [nɪ'geɪ∫n]
zhuji3000: 【根】 neg [deny] + -ation [n.] → n. 否定
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position: (16, 8)

正面: negligent
definition: 【考法】adj. 疏忽大意的:failing to give proper attention or care
[例] negligent in taking care of the children 粗心大意地照顾孩子
[近] careless, derelict, heedless, neglectful, remiss
[反] attentive, careful, cautious, heedful 专心的,谨慎的
[派] negligence n. 疏忽
symbol: ['neglɪʤənt]
zhuji: 【记】源于：neglect（v 忽视），neg否定，lect＝lig选－没有选－疏忽
zhuji3000: 【根】 neg [deny, not] + lig [lect, pick up] + -ent [a.], not pick up, 没有捡起来 (即没有顾及) → a. 疏忽大意的
【联】 neglect [v. 忽视]
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position: (16, 8)

正面: negotiate
definition: 【考法1】v. 商量,谈判:to arrange or settle by discussion and mutual agreement
[例] negotiate the term of truce 共商停战事宜
[近] arrange, bargain, concert, settle
[反] break down(谈判等)失败,破产
[派] negotiable adj. 可商量的;negotiation n. 商量,谈判
【考法2】v. 谋划:plan out usually with subtle skill or care
[例] The prisoners negotiated their escape by using Morse code to tap messages to each other through the walls. 犯人们通过敲击墙壁来传达莫尔斯电码,从而密谋了他们的逃跑计划。
[近] contrive, finesse, frame, machinate, maneuver, manipulate, mastermind, wangle
symbol: [nɪ'goʊ∫ieɪt]
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position: (16, 8)

正面: neophyte
definition: 【考法】n. 初学者,新手:a beginner or novice
[例] a novice in the theater who had never even had a walk-on role 一个连龙套都没跑过的新演员
[近] abecedarian, apprentice, fledgling, freshman, novice, recruit, rookie, tyro
[反] veteran 老兵,身经百战的人
symbol: ['ni:əfaɪt]
zhuji: 【记】neo＝new，phyte植物一新植物一新手
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position: (16, 8)

正面: nerve
definition: 【考法1】n.(坚强的)意志,勇气:power of endurance or control; strength of mind to carry on in spite of danger
[例] nerves of steel 钢铁般的意志
[近] bravery, fortitude, guts, intrepidity, resolution, stamina
[反] cowardice, pusillanimity 怯懦
【考法2】vt. 给予勇气,鼓励:to give strength or courage to
[例] He needs to nerve himself for the big game tomorrow. 他需要为明天的大赛给自己加油鼓劲。
[近] animate, brace, cheer, embolden, encourage, inspirit, steel, strengthen
[反] appall 使胆寒;discourage, dishearten 使沮丧
[派] nervy adj. 有勇气的
symbol: [nɜ:rv]
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position: (16, 8)

正面: nettle
definition: 【考法】vt. 惹怒:to arouse to sharp but transitory annoyance or anger
[例] His pompous attitude nettled several people. 他自大的性格得罪了不少人。
[近] aggravate, annoy, exasperate, inflame, infuriate, irritate, peeve, pique, provoke, roil, ruffle, vex
[反] appease, assuage, conciliate, mollify, placate, propitiate 安抚
symbol: ['netl]
zhuji: 【记】net网，tle读：头－头被网住了－激怒
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position: (16, 9)

正面: neutralize
definition: 【考法1】vt. 中和:to cause(an acid or base)to undergo neutralization
[例] industrial exhaust neutralized by lime 被石灰中和的工业废气
[反] acidify 酸化
【考法2】vt. 破坏,使无效:to make inoperative or ineffective usually by means of an opposite force, influence, or effect
[例] influenced by the kind of propaganda that is difficult to neutralize 被一种难以消除的宣传攻势所影响
[近] annul, cancel, counteract, frustrate, negate, nullify
[反] activate, vitalize 激活
[派] neutralization n. 中和;消除
symbol: ['nu:trəlaɪz]
zhuji: 【记】源于：neutral（n 中立者；adj 中立的；中性的）
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position: (16, 9)

正面: nexus
definition: 【考法1】n. 连结:a means of connection
[例] Correlativity does not sufficiently lead to causal nexus. 相关性不是因果关联的充分条件。
[近] bond, connection, link, tie
【考法2】n. 核心,最重要的地带:a thing or place that is of greatest importance to an activity or interest
[例] As the nexus for three great religions, Jerusalem has had a troubled as well as illustrious history. 作为三大宗教的圣城,耶路撒冷有着动荡而辉煌的历史。
[近] base, capital, center, core, focus, kernel, heart, hub, nucleus
[反] margin, periphery 边缘
symbol: ['neksəs]
zhuji: 【记】nex＝next下一个，us一我们中的下一个和上一个有联系"
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position: (16, 9)

正面: nibble
definition: 【考法】vt. 小口咬:to eat with small, quick bites or in small morsels
[例] waves nibbling the shore 缓慢侵蚀海岸的浪
[近] bite, nip, peck, sip, tipple
[反] gobble 狼吞虎咽
symbol: ['nɪbl]
zhuji: 【记】nib（n 钢笔尖）作为词根是“小”的意思，ble一小咬ni你，bb宝宝，le乐：你的宝宝乐了，是因为小口的咬奶嘴。
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position: (16, 9)

正面: nicety
definition: 【考法1】n. 准确,精确:careful attention to details; delicate exactness
[例] There's a nicety of detail in his meticulously painted landscapes. 在他精心绘制的景观图中,有着十分精准翔实的细节。
[近] accuracy, delicacy, exactness, fineness, precision, veracity
[反] coarseness, imprecision, inaccuracy, roughness 不准确,粗糙
【考法2】n. 细微之处:a fine point or distinction
[例] the niceties of table manner 餐桌礼仪的细微之处‖niceties of diplomatic protocol 外交礼节中的细节
[近] detail, particular, nuance, subtlety
symbol: ['naɪsəti]
zhuji: 【记】源于：nice（adj 美好的；挑剔的；精密的）
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position: (16, 9)

正面: nil
definition: 【考法】n. 不存在,零:nothing; zero
[例] reduced to nil 消逝殆尽
[近] nothing, nonentity, nullity, zip
[反] existence 存在
symbol: [nɪl]
zhuji: 【记】ni你，l：你被一把l剑戳死了－零
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position: (16, 9)

正面: nip
definition: 【考法1】n. 少量:a very small amount
[例] I'll have just a nip of your sandwich. 我只吃一点点你的三明治。
[近] bit, hint, little, mite, ounce, snap, trace
[反] abundance, affluence, avalanche 大量
【考法2】vi. 小口吃喝:to sip(alcoholic liquor)in small amounts
[近] nibble, sip, tipple
[反] guzzle, quaff, swill 大口吃喝
symbol: [nɪp]
zhuji: 【记】ni你，p屁：你的p比较难吃，所以要小口吃。
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position: (16, 9)

正面: nitpick
definition: 【考法】v. 吹毛求疵:to criticize by nit-picking
[例] a peevish critic always ready to nitpick一个总是吹毛求疵的古怪评论家
[近] carp, cavil, fuss, niggle, quibble
[派] nitpicker n. 吹毛求疵的人
symbol: ['nɪtpɪk]
zhuji: 【记】nit小，pick挑一挑小错误一挑剔
zhuji3000: 【根】 nit [幼虫, 比喻极其微小的事物] + pick [挑] → 吹毛求疵
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position: (16, 9)

正面: nocturnal
definition: 【考法1】adj. 夜间的:of, relating to, or occurring in the night
[例] a nocturnal raid 夜间突袭
[近] nightly, nighttime
[反] daily, diurnal 白昼的
【考法2】adj. 夜间活动的:active at night
[例] a nocturnal predator 夜间活动的捕食者
[派] nocturne n. 夜曲
symbol: [nɑ:k'tɜ:rnl]
zhuji: 【记】noct夜，urnal一夜间的；参：diurnal（adj 白天的）
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position: (16, 9)

正面: noisome
definition: 【考法1】adj. 有害的,有毒的:noxious, harmful
[例] noisome chemical fumes 有害的化学烟雾
[近] deleterious, detrimental, insalubrious, noxious, unhealthy, unwholesome
[反] beneficial 有益的;healthy, salubrious, wholesome 有益健康的
【考法2】adj. 恶臭的:offensive to the senses and especially to the sense of smell
[例] noisome garbage 散发着恶臭的垃圾
[近] fetid, foul, malodorous, smelly, stinky
[反] ambrosial, aromatic, fragrant, perfumed, redolent, savory, scented, sweet 有香味的
【考法3】adj. 非常令人厌恶的:highly obnoxious or objectionable
[例] noisome habits of littering 让人反感的随地乱扔垃圾的坏习惯
[近] abhorrent, appalling, disgusting, hideous, loathsome, nauseating, offensive, repugnant, repulsive
[反] appealing, captivating, enchanting, fascinating 有吸引力的;agreeable, pleasant 令人愉悦的
symbol: ['nɔɪsəm]
zhuji: 【记】noi＝annoy，some一讨厌的
zhuji3000: 【根】 noi [noy, annoy, 不断烦扰] + -some [a., tending to], tending to annoy → a.有害的,有毒的;恶臭的;非常令人厌恶的
【联】 参考noise [n. 噪音], 噪音“有害”且“非常令人厌恶”
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position: (16, 9)

正面: nomad
definition: 【考法】adj./n. 游牧的;居无定所的人:a member of a people who have no fixed residence but move from place to place usually seasonally and within a well-defined territory
[例] After college she became quite the nomad, backpacking through Europe with no particular destination. 大学毕业后她开始漂泊,漫无目的地游历欧洲。
[近] ambulant, fugitive, gallivanting, perambulatory, peripatetic, ranging, roaming, vagabond, vagrant, wandering, wayfaring
[反] settled 定居的
symbol: ['noʊmæd]
zhuji: 【记】no mad，还没有疯狂的人，一般疯狂的人－游牧民
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position: (16, 10)

正面: nominal
definition: 【考法1】adj. 不重要的:so small or unimportant as to warrant little or no attention
[例] His involvement was nominal. 他的参与不太重要。
[近] inconsequential, inconsiderable, paltry, trifling, trivial
[反] big, consequential, considerable, important, material, significant 重要的
【考法2】adj. 名义上的:existing or being something in name or form only
[例] nominal head of the party 党派的名义首领
[近] formal, paper, titular
symbol: ['nɑ:mɪnl]
zhuji: 【记】nomin＝name，al一名义上的
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position: (16, 10)

正面: nonchalant
definition: 【考法】adj. 冷漠的:having an air of easy unconcern or indifference
[例] She was surprisingly nonchalant about winning the award. 她竟然对得奖很淡然。
[近] apathetic, disinterested, insensible, insouciant, perfunctory, unconcerned
[反] concerned, interested 忧虑的,有兴趣的
symbol: [ˌnɑ:n∫ə'lɑ:nt]
zhuji: 【记】non没有，chalant＝challenge（n /v 挑战）一没有挑战的事情不令人关心－冷漠的
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position: (16, 10)

正面: nondescript
definition: 【考法】adj. 平凡的,不吸引人的:lacking distinctive or interesting qualities
[例] Their performance was disappointingly nondescript. 他们的演出令人失望,味同嚼蜡。
[近] beige, characterless, featureless, indistinctive, vanilla
[反] conspicuous, remarkable, striking 明显的,惊人的
symbol: ['nɑ:ndɪskrɪpt]
zhuji: 【记】non不，deseript描述一没法描述的
zhuji3000: 【记】 non- [not] + descipt [describe], not easily describe, 没有特点的 → a. 平凡的,不吸引人的
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position: (16, 10)

正面: nonentity
definition: 【考法1】n. 不重要的人:a person or thing of little consequence or significance
[例] She was so quiet she was almost a nonentity at the meeting. 她非常沉默,在会议上是个边缘人物。
[近] cipher, half-pint, insignificancy, lightweight, nullity, snippersnapper, twerp, whippersnapper, zero, zilch
[反] mogul, big shot, big wheel, bigwig, eminence, figure, magnate, personage, somebody 显要人物
【考法2】n. 虚构的东西:a conception or image created by the imagination and having no objective reality
[例] The arctic circle is a nonentity—you won't see it on the way to the north pole. 北极圈是虚构的概念,去北极的路上你不会见到那么一个圈。
[近] chimera, conceit, daydream, delusion, fancy, figment, hallucination, illusion, phantasm, unreality, vision
symbol: [nɑ:'nentəti]
zhuji: 【记】non，entity存在一好像不存在的人一无足轻重的人
zhuji3000: 【根】 non- [not] + entity [n. 实体;存在],没有实体,不存在 → n. 虚构的东西;不重要的人
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position: (16, 10)

正面: nonplus
definition: 【考法】vt. 使迷惑,使困窘:use to be at a loss as to what to say, think, or do: perplex
[例] I was nonplussed by his openly expressed admiration of me. 我被他公开表现的仰慕弄得很窘迫。
[近] confound, confuse, discomfit, disconcert, discountenance, mortify, abash, faze, fluster
symbol: [ˌnɑ:n'plʌs]
zhuji: 【记】non不，plus增加一股市不长了一不知所措
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position: (16, 10)

正面: nonsense
definition: 【考法】n. 无意义的话,废话:words or language having no meaning or conveying no intelligible ideas
[例] Many of the words in the poem are nonsense. 这首诗歌当中很多词都是废话。
[近] babble, blabber, drivel, prattle, mumbo jumbo
symbol: ['nɑ:nsns]
zhuji3000: 【根】 non [none] + sens [sense] + -e [n.], none sense, without sense → n. 无意义的话,废话
【联】 词组make sense [有意义,言之有理]
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position: (16, 10)

正面: notch
definition: 【考法1】n. 刻痕:a V-shaped cut used for keeping a record
【考法2】vt. 通过努力获得:to obtain(as a goal)through effort
[例] a stunning performance that notched up a second Academy Award for the actor 出色的表演为该演员拿到了第二座小金人
[近] attain, bag, chalk up, clock up, gain, hit, log, make, rack up, ring up, score, win
symbol: [nɑ:t∫]
zhuji: 【记】读：no齿，一个人没有门牙，形成V形凹槽
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position: (16, 10)

正面: novel
definition: 【考法】adj. 新奇的:strikingly new, unusual, or different
[例] a novel scheme to collect money 一种新颖的筹钱手段
[近] original, unaccustomed, unfamiliar, unheard-of, unknown, unprecedented
[反] banal, timeworn, familiar, hackneyed, time-honored, tired, warmed-over 陈腐的
symbol: ['nɑ:vl]
zhuji3000: 【根】 nov [new] + -el [a.], new, 与之前不一样 → a. 新奇的
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position: (16, 10)

正面: noxious
definition: 【考法1】adj. 有害的,有毒的:harmful to living things; injurious to health
[例] noxious waste 有害的废弃物
[近] unwholesome, baneful, deleterious, detrimental, nocuous, pernicious, wicked
[反] beneficial, salubrious, anodyne, benign, harmless, hurtless, innocent, innocuous, inoffensive, safe 有益的,无害的
【考法2】adj. 产生强烈厌恶的:causing intense displeasure, disgust, or resentment
[例] a noxious new breed of horror movie in which graphic depictions of torture are presented as entertainment 在一部新的恐怖电影中,对于酷刑生动的描述被当作娱乐,这让人很厌恶
[近] abhorrent, abominable, appalling, awful, disgusting, distasteful, dreadful, foul, fulsome, gross, hideous, horrid, loathsome, nasty, nauseating, noisome, obnoxious, odious, repellent, repugnant, repulsive, revolting, scandalous
Education is a progressive discovery of our ignorance.
教育是一个逐步发现自己无知的过程。
——美国历史学家 杜兰特(Durant, American historian)
录取院校:University of Oxford)
symbol: ['nɑ:k∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】nox毒，ious多一有毒的
zhuji3000: 【根】 nox [hurt] + - (i) ous [a.], hurtful → a. 有害的,有毒的;产生强烈厌恶的
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position: (16, 10)

正面: nuance
definition: 【考法】n. 细微的差异:a subtle distinction or variation
[例] a poem of little depth and nuance 一首没有什么深度、没有什么辨识度的诗
[反] patent difference, lack of subtlety, sharp distinction, patency 明显的差别
symbol: ['nu:ɑ:ns]
zhuji: 【记】nu牛，ance读：盎司－牛用盎司来称体重，因为只有细微差别
zhuji3000: 【联】 n + u + -ance [difference], (字母旋转后) n和u的差别 → n. 细微的差异
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position: (17, 1)

正面: nudge
definition: 【考法1】vt. 用肘推以引起注意:to seek the attention of by a push of the elbow
[例] accidentally nudged me as he squeezed past 他过去的时候不小心用肘碰到了我
【考法2】vt. 说服某人做某事:to try to persuade(someone)through earnest appeals to follow a course of action
[例] The car salesman nudged me into taking a test-drive. 汽车销售员说服我进行试驾。
[近] encourage, exhort, goad, press, prod, prompt
symbol: [nʌʤ]
zhuji: 【记】读：拿纸，用肘nudge你一下，帮我拿纸。Nudge你一下，让你注意有个nude（n 裸体）
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position: (17, 1)

正面: nugatory
definition: 【考法】adj. 无关紧要的:of little or no consequence; inconsequential
[例] The book is entertaining, but its contributions to Shakespearean scholarship are nugatory. 这本书娱乐性不错,但是对于莎士比亚研究的贡献微不足道。
[近] incidental, inconsequential, inconsiderable, insignificant, negligible, trifling, trivial
[反] consequential, eventful, important, major, meaningful, momentous, significant, substantial, unfrivolous, weighty 重要的
symbol: ['nu:gətɔ:ri]
zhuji: 【记】nu牛，gat＝get，tory一牛挤的是奶得到的东西是草－无价值的"
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position: (17, 1)

正面: nurture
definition: 【考法1】vt. 提供营养:to supply with nourishment
[例] She nurtured her children through the winters with home-cooked soup. 她整个冬天都给孩子们喂自制的汤。
[反] withhold sustenance from 停止提供营养物
【考法2】vt. 培育,培养:to provide(someone)with moral or spiritual understanding
[例] He feels that his lifelong practice of reading the Bible daily has nurtured him in ways he cannot describe. 一生中每天都阅读圣经在潜移默化中影响了他。
[近] edify, illuminate, inspire
[反] impede, stunt, disregard 阻碍,漠视
symbol: ['nɜ:rt∫ər]
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position: (17, 1)

正面: oath
definition: 【考法】n. 誓言:a solemn, formal declaration or promise to fulfill a pledge
[例] an oath to defend the nation 保卫祖国的誓言
[近] pledge, troth, vow, word
symbol: [oʊθ]
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position: (17, 1)

正面: obdurate
definition: 【考法1】adj. 固执的:resistant to persuasion or softening influences
[例] She is known for her obdurate determination. 她以坚定不移著称。
[近] adamant, hard-nosed, headstrong, inflexible, intransigent, pertinacious, stubborn, unbending, uncompromising, unrelenting, unyielding, willful
[反] acquiescent, agreeable, amenable, compliant, complying, flexible, pliable, pliant, relenting, yielding 温顺的
【考法2】adj. 冷酷无情的:having or showing a lack of sympathy or tender feelings
[例] the obdurate refusal of the crotchety old man to let the neighborhood kids retrieve their ball from his backyard 那个怪老头冷酷无情地拒绝了孩子们进他后院找球的请求
[近] affectless, callous, compassionless, hard-hearted, heartless, indurate, inhuman, insensate, ironhearted, merciless, remorseless, ruthless, unsparing
[反] charitable, compassionate, humane, kindhearted, kindly, merciful, softhearted, sympathetic, tender, warmhearted 同情的,有爱的
symbol: ['ɑ:bdərət]
zhuji: 【记】ob不，dur＝endure忍耐，ate一不能忍耐变化一固执的
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position: (17, 1)

正面: obedient
definition: 【考法】adj. 服从的,顺从的:submissive to the restraint or command of authority
[例] That girl is so obedient that she does everything the first time she is asked. 这个女孩如此顺从,叫她做事有求必应。
[近] amenable, compliant, submissive, tractable
[反] contumacious, imperial, balky, contrary, contumacious, defiant, disobedient, froward, incompliant, insubordinate, intractable, noncompliant, obstreperous, rebel, rebellious, recalcitrant, refractory, restive, unamenable, ungovernable, unruly, untoward, wayward, willful 顽固的,不服从的
symbol: [ə'bi:diənt]
zhuji: 【记】源于：obey（v 服从）
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position: (17, 1)

正面: obeisance
definition: 【考法】n. 敬礼,尊重:a movement of the body made in token of respect or submission
[例] make obeisance to her mentors 向她的导师们致敬
[派] obeisant adj. 恭敬的
[反] impertinent, impudent, imperious 不敬的,无礼的
symbol: [oʊ'bi:sns]
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position: (17, 1)

正面: obfuscate
definition: 【考法】vt. 使困惑,使模糊:to make so confused or opaque as to be difficult to perceive or understand
[例] obfuscate the reader 让读者困惑
[近] becloud, befog, blur, cloud, fog, muddy
[反] demystify, elucidate, illuminate, clarify, explain clearly 澄清,阐明
[派] obfuscated adj. 模糊的
[反] lucid 清晰的
symbol: ['ɑ:bfʌskeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ob，fusc＝fuse导火索，ate吃：在吃的上面插导火索－使困惑
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position: (17, 1)

正面: obligatory
definition: 【考法1】adj. 强制性的:of the nature of an obligation; compulsory
[例] obligatory military service 强制性的服军役
[近] compulsory, imperative, involuntary, peremptory, required
[反] discretionary, selective, elective, optional, voluntary 自由选择的,志愿的
【考法2】adj.(见得多以至于)无聊的:used or heard so often as to be dull
[例] the obligatory cliff-hanger endings for season finales of TV shows 电视剧总是以恶俗的惊心动魄的结局作为完季
[近] banal, cliché, commonplace, hack, hackneyed, moth-eaten, musty, shopworn, stereotyped, threadbare, timeworn, trite, well-worn
[反] fresh, new, novel, original, unclichéd, unhackneyed 新奇的
symbol: [ə'blɪgətɔ:ri]
zhuji: 【记】源于：oblige（v 迫使；施恩）；obligation（n 义务）
zhuji3000: 【联】 oblige [v. 强制] , obligation [n. 义务] → a. 强制性的;“绑定的” (缺少变化) → (见得多以至于) a. 无聊的
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position: (17, 1)

正面: obliging
definition: 【考法】adj. 乐于助人的:willing to do favors
[例] An obliging concierge used his pull to get us reservations at the town's hottest restaurant. 一个好心的看门人利用他的影响力帮我们在镇上最火爆的餐厅订到了座。
[近] accommodative, friendly, indulgent
symbol: [ə'blaɪʤɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】源于：oblige（v 迫使；施恩；帮忙）
zhuji3000: 【联】 oblige [v. 施恩] → a. 乐于助人的
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position: (17, 2)

正面: oblique
definition: 【考法】adj. 斜的:inclined or twisted to one side
[例] The old woman gave the eavesdropper an oblique glance. 老妇人给了偷听者一个白眼。
[近] askew, cant, inclined, leaning, listing, slanted, sloping, tilted
[反] direct, even, level, straight 笔直的
symbol: [ə'bli:k]
zhuji: 【记】读：我不立que一不是站着－斜的
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position: (17, 2)

正面: obliterate
definition: 【考法】vt. 除去:to remove from existence
[例] The March snowstorm obliterated our hopes for an early spring. 三月的暴风雪摧毁了我们对于早春的念想。
[近] efface, eradicate, expunge, expurgate, exterminate, extirpate, wipe out
symbol: [ə'blɪtəreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ob去掉，liter字，ate一擦掉（文字）
zhuji3000: 【根】 ob- [off] + liter [letter] + -ate [v.], make letters off → v. 除去
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position: (17, 2)

正面: oblivious
definition: 【考法】adj. 不知道的,不知情的:lacking conscious awareness; not informed about or aware of something
[例] He seemed oblivious to the fact that he had hurt her. 他似乎并不知道他伤害了她。
[近] incognizant, insensible, unaware, unconscious, uninformed, unwitting
[反] mindful, vigilant, acquainted, cognizant, conscious, conversant, grounded, informed, knowing, mindful, witting 留意的,机警的
symbol: [ə'blɪviəs]
zhuji: 【记】读：我不理vious，我不理你了，我要把你忘了。
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position: (17, 2)

正面: obloquy
definition: 【考法1】n. 谩骂,诽谤:abusively detractive language or utterance; calumny
[例] she unleashed a torrent of obloquy on her opponent. 她滔滔不绝地辱骂了对手一顿。
[近] billingsgate, fulmination, invective, scurrility, vitriol, vituperation
[反] adulation 极度谄媚
【考法2】n. 恶名,耻辱:the state of having lost the esteem of others
[例] The accused murderer was condemned to live out his days in perpetual obloquy. 凶手终将在骂名中度过余生。
[近] discredit, disesteem, dishonor, disrepute, ignominy, infamy, odium, opprobrium, reproach, shame
[反] esteem, honor, respect 敬重,好名声
symbol: ['ɑ:bləkwi]
zhuji: 【记】ob反对，loqu话，y一反对的话一诽谤
zhuji3000: 【根】 ob- [against] + loqu [speak] + -y [n.], speak against (sb.) → n. 谩骂,诽谤;(被别人) 谩骂 → n. 恶名,耻辱
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position: (17, 2)

正面: obscure
definition: 【考法1】adj. 含义模糊的:not clearly understood or expressed; having an often intentionally veiled or uncertain meaning
[例] a fantasy writer who likes to put lots of obscure references in her tales of wizards and warlocks 一个喜欢在巫师故事中添加很多含义模糊的引文的魔幻小说作家
[近] ambiguous, arcane, enigmatic, equivocal, fuliginous, inscrutable, opaque
[反] explicit, manifest, clear, certain, accessible, nonambiguous, obvious, plain, unambiguous, unequivocal 明晰的,没有歧义的
【考法2】adj. 平凡的,不知名的:not prominent or famous
[例] an obscure poet 无名的诗人
[近] noteless, uncelebrated, unfamous, unknown, unrecognized, unsung
[反] legendary, celebrated, famed, famous, noted, notorious, prominent, renowned, well-known 有名的
[派] obscurity n. 无名之辈
[反] celebrity 名人
【考法3】vt. 使模糊:to make dark, dim, or indistinct
[例] When it isn't obscured by smog, the view of the city from the observatory can be spectacular. 如果在晴朗的天气,从天文台看出去的城市全景非常赞。
[近] blear, blur, darken, dim, overshadow, shroud
[反] elucidate, brighten, illuminate, light up, lighten 阐明
symbol: [əb'skjʊr]
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position: (17, 2)

正面: obsequious
definition: 【考法】adj. 谄媚的,奴性的:marked by or exhibiting a fawning attentiveness
[例] She's constantly followed by obsequious assistants who will do anything. 她总是有一群谄媚的跟班,愿意为她赴汤蹈火。
[反] supercilious 目中无人的
symbol: [əb'si:kwiəs]
zhuji: 【记】ob坏，sequ跟随，ious－怀着坏心眼的跟随－谄媚的
zhuji3000: 【根】 ob- [toward] + sequ [follow] + - (i) ous [a.], follow toward... → a. 谄媚的,奴性的
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position: (17, 2)

正面: obsess
definition: 【考法】vt. 迷住;使困扰:to haunt or excessively preoccupy the mind of
[例] The war obsesses her—she talks about nothing else. 那场战争总是困扰着她,她张口闭口都谈。
[反] intensively disgust 极度厌恶
symbol: [əb'ses]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ob- [toward] + sess [sit], sit toward..., (一直) 坐在…对面 → vt. 迷住,使困扰
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position: (17, 2)

正面: obstinate
definition: 【考法1】adj. 固执的:perversely adhering to an opinion, purpose, or course in spite of reason, arguments, or persuasion
[例] obstinate resistance to change 坚决抵制改变
[近] adamant, headstrong, intransigent, stubborn, uncompromising, unyielding, willful
[反] acquiescent, agreeable, amenable, compliant, complying, flexible, pliable, pliant, relenting, yielding 顺从的,服从的
【考法2】adj. 难以减轻或治愈的:not easily subdued, remedied, or removed
[例] obstinate fever 高烧不退‖an obstinate headache 难以治愈的头痛
symbol: ['ɑ:bstɪnət]
zhuji: 【记】ob我不，stin拿，ate吃的一我不吃东西一固执的
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position: (17, 2)

正面: obstreperous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 难驾驭的,任性的:stubbornly resistant to control; unruly; given to resisting authority or another's control
[例] The club's president was at his wits' end with obstreperous members who refused to cooperate. 俱乐部主席拿那些不合作的会员一点办法都没有。
[近] balky, defiant, incompliant, insubordinate, intractable, rebellious, recalcitrant, refractory
[反] disciplined, amenable, biddable, compliant, conformable, docile, obedient, ruly, submissive, tractable 守纪律的,顺从的
【考法2】adj. 吵闹的:engaging in or marked by loud and insistent cries especially of protest
[例] an obstreperous crowd protesting the government's immigration policy 一堆吵闹的民众游行抗议政府的移民政策
[近] blatant, clamant, clamorous, squawking, vociferant
symbol: [əb'strepərəs]
zhuji: 【记】该词看上去就非常乱－吵闹的；任性的
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position: (17, 2)

正面: obstruct
definition: 【考法1】vt. 妨碍,给…制造困难:to impede, retard, or interfere with; hinder; to create difficulty for the work or activity of
[例] He was charged with obstructing justice by lying to investigators. 他被指控向检察官说谎,妨碍司法。
[近] encumber, fetter, handicap, hinder, impede, inhibit, stymie, interfere with
[反] facilitate, abet, aid, assist 促进,帮助
【考法2】vt. 阻挡:to prevent passage through by filling with something
[例] an unobstructed view 无阻碍的视野
[近] occlude 堵塞
[反] clear, free, open up, unblock, unclog, unplug, unstop 清除(障碍)
symbol: [əb'strʌkt]
zhuji: 【记】ob反，struct建造一建造反效果的东西一阻塞
zhuji3000: 【根】 ob- [toward, against] + struct [build up], build up against → v. 妨碍,给…制造困难;阻挡
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position: (17, 3)

正面: obtuse
definition: 【考法】adj. 愚钝的:not having or showing an ability to absorb ideas readily
[例] Are you being deliberately obtuse? 你是故意装笨吗?
[近] dumb, fatuous, mindless, oafish, opaque, senseless, unintelligent, vacuous
[反] insightful, apt, brainy, bright, brilliant, clever, fast, intelligent, keen, nimble, quick, quick-witted, sharp, sharp-witted, smart 有洞察力的,智慧的
symbol: [əb'tu:s]
zhuji: 【记】读：我被兔死，我被兔子弄死了－迟钝的
zhuji3000: 【联】 “偶不吐丝” (笨拙的蜘蛛) → a. 愚钝的
[注] obtuse的核心含义是“钝”,还表示数学上的“钝角” (反义词acute [a. 锐角的;敏锐的;急性的])
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position: (17, 3)

正面: obviate
definition: 【考法】vt. 排除,使不必要:to anticipate and prevent(as a situation)or make unnecessary(as an action)
[例] The new treatment obviates the need for surgery. 新的疗法使手术不再是必须的。
[近] avert, forestall, preclude, stave off, head off
symbol: ['ɑ:bvieɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ob离开，via路，te一使障碍离开道路一排除
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position: (17, 3)

正面: occult
definition: 【考法1】adj. 难以理解的:not easily apprehended or understood: abstruse, mysterious
[例] an occult reference in the text that has puzzled scholars 文章中一处晦涩的、难倒了学者们的引注
[近] ambiguous, arcane, equivocal, inscrutable, opaque, impenetrable
[反] bare, manifest, patent, readily fathomable 暴露的,可理解的
【考法2】vt. 使隐藏或神秘:to keep secret or shut off from view
[例] occult their house from prying eyes by planting large trees around it 在住所周围种满大树防止别人偷窥‖The actor's private life had long been occulted by a contrived public persona. 演员的私人生活一直以来被一个精心打造的公众形象所遮掩。
[近] belie, blanket, cloak, conceal, cover, curtain, disguise, enshroud, mask, obscure, screen, shroud, suppress, veil, blot out, paper over
[反] bare, disclose, display, divulge, expose, reveal, show, uncloak, uncover, unmask, unveil 暴露
symbol: [ə'kʌlt]
zhuji: 【记】读：我kao他－这是一件不能公开的事情。
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position: (17, 3)

正面: odium
definition: 【考法】n. 憎恶,讨厌:strong dislike, contempt, or aversion
[例] Time did nothing to diminish the odium in which the traitor lived out his days. 时间也没有减少大家对这个叛徒的唾弃。
[近] ignominy, infamy, obloquy, opprobrium
[反] esteem, honor, respect, hankering, infatuation 尊敬,渴望,着迷
symbol: ['oʊdiəm]
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position: (17, 3)

正面: offbeat
definition: 【考法】adj. 不平常的:noticeably different from what is generally found or experienced
[例] This writer has an enjoyably offbeat sense of humor. 这个作者有一种奇特而有趣的幽默感。
[近] extraordinary, peculiar, queer, unaccustomed, uncommon, uncustomary, out-of-the-way
[反] conventional, bathetic, hackneyed, common, ordinary, plain, usual 传统陈腐的,平常普通的
symbol: [ˌɔ:f'bi:t]
zhuji: 【记】off不，beat打。原指：弱拍节拍中被不重击的拍节－反传统的
zhuji3000: 【根】 off [离开, 脱离] + beat [敲击], (弹钢琴时) 离开了应该敲击的琴键 → a. 不平常的
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position: (17, 3)

正面: offhand
definition: 【考法】adj. 即兴的,没有准备的:without premeditation or preparation
[例] couldn't give the figures offhand 无法立即给出数字
[近] ad-lib, extemporary, impromptu, improvised, unplanned, unpremeditated, unrehearsed
[反] considered, planned, premeditated, prepared, rehearsed 事先谋划的
symbol: [ˌɔ:f'hænd]
zhuji: 【记】off离开，hand手：讲演稿子不在手上－即席表演的
zhuji3000: 【联】 离开手中已经持有的东西 → a. 即兴的,没有准备的
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position: (17, 3)

正面: officious
definition: 【考法】adj. 多管闲事的:thrusting oneself where one is not welcome or invited
[例] an officious little man who was always telling everyone else how to do their jobs 一个多管闲事的人,总喜欢对他人的事情指手画脚
[近] interfering, intruding, meddlesome, obtrusive, presuming, prying, snoopy
[反] unobtrusive 不引人注目的
symbol: [ə'fɪ∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】源于：officer（n 官员），ious一当官的爱发号施令
zhuji3000: 【记】 offic (e) + - (i) ous [a.], like an officer → a. 多管闲事的
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position: (17, 3)

正面: offish
definition: 【考法】adj. 冷淡的:inclined to be distant and reserved; aloof
[例] consistently surly and offish with the would-be suitors who came calling 对于追求者总是阴沉并且冷淡
[近] aloof, detached, distant, remote, unbending, unsociable
[反] sociable, cordial, friendly, social, warm 热情的
symbol: ['ɔ:fɪ∫]
zhuji: 【记】off离开，ish：喜欢离开人群－冷淡的
zhuji3000: 【记】 off [离开] + -ish [a.], 对于某人或某事远离 (而不靠近) → a. 冷淡的
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position: (17, 3)

正面: off-key
definition: 【考法】adj. 不寻常的,不合适的:being out of accord with what is considered normal or appropriate
[例] a high-flown, off-key speech by a newcomer 来自新手的颇有野心、不寻常的一次演讲
symbol: [ˌɔ:f'ki:]
zhuji3000: 【根】 off [离开] + key [钢琴的键, 音调], 离开音调 → a. 不寻常的,不合适的
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position: (17, 3)

正面: ominous
definition: 【考法】adj. 凶兆的:of or being an omen, especially an evil one
[例] an ominous threat of war 战争来临的凶兆
[近] baleful, foreboding, inauspicious, portentous, sinister, threatening, minatory
[反] auspicious, unthreatening 吉兆的,不具有威胁的
symbol: ['ɑ:mɪnəs]
zhuji: 【记】omin恶兆，参：abominate（v 痛恨；憎恶）
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position: (17, 4)

正面: omniscient
definition: 【考法】adj. 无所不知的:possessed of universal or complete knowledge
[例] an omniscient deity 无所不知的神
[反] vacuous 无知的
symbol: [ɑ:m'nɪsiənt]
zhuji: 【记】omni全，scient知道一全知道的
zhuji3000: 【根】 omni- [all] + sci [know] + - (i) ent [a.], know all → a. 无所不知的
[注] 前缀omni-表示“all”,可联想成“over many” [不仅仅是“许多” (而是“全部”)],还构成单词omnipresent [无处不在的]。
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position: (17, 4)

正面: onerous
definition: 【考法】adj. 费时间花心思的:requiring much time, effort, or careful attention
[例] Building the scale model of the frigate was an onerous task. 建造军舰的小模型非常花时间。
[近] arduous, burdensome, challenging, exacting, grueling, taxing, toilsome
[反] requiring little effort, light, nondemanding, unchallenging, undemanding 轻松的,不费劲的
symbol: ['ɑ:nərəs]
zhuji: 【记】oner负担（on er在背上的东西），ous多－繁重的
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position: (17, 4)

正面: opaque
definition: 【考法1】adj. 不透光的:impenetrable by light; neither transparent nor translucent
[近] blurry, dim, misty, murky, obscure, shadowy, unclear
[反] diaphanous, transparent 精致透明的
【考法2】adj. 晦涩的:so obscure as to be unintelligible
[例] opaque prose 晦涩的诗歌
[近] ambiguous, arcane, enigmatic, equivocal, inscrutable, occult
[反] clear, accessible, obvious, plain, unambiguous, unequivocal 清晰易懂的
symbol: [oʊ'peɪk]
zhuji: 【记】读：OPEC（n 石油输出国组织）经常出现一些不明朗的意向。
zhuji3000: 【联】 op- [opposite of] + aqu [水] + -e [a.], 和水 (的清澈、透明) 不一样 → a. 不透光的;晦涩的
[注] 词根aqu表示“水”, aquatic [a. 水的;(动物或植物) 水生的], aquarium [n. 水族馆]
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position: (17, 4)

正面: opine
definition: 【考法】v. 表达观点;想,认为:to express opinions; to sate as an opinion
[例] You can opine about any subject you like. 你可以畅所欲言。
[近] comment, editorialize, note, observe, reflect, weigh in
symbol: [oʊ'paɪn]
zhuji: 【记】源于：opinion（n 意见）
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position: (17, 4)

正面: opportune
definition: 【考法】adj. 合适的,适当的:suitable or convenient for a particular occurrence
[例] an opportune moment 方便的时机
[近] seasonable, well-timed
[反] inconvenient, untimely, inappropriate, unseasonable 不合适的
symbol: [ˌɑ:pər'tu:n]
zhuji: 【记】op朝向，port港口，une一进入港口避风雨一合适的
zhuji3000: 【记】 opportunity [n. 机会] 指做某事“合适的,恰当的 [opportune]”时间
【源】 op- [ob-, toward] + port [港口] + -une [a.], (wind) toward port, 水手看风向决定是否出海, 他们 (更确切地说, 是这个单词发源地的水手们) 认为风朝着港口刮时适合出海 → a. 合适的,适当的
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position: (17, 4)

正面: opprobrious
definition: 【考法1】adj. 辱骂的: expressing contemptuous reproach; scornful or abusive
[例] opprobrious language 脏话
[近] scurrilous, vitriolic, vituperative, contumelious
【考法2】adj. 臭名昭著的,令人鄙视的: bringing disgrace; shameful or infamous
[例] opprobrious conduct 令人鄙视的行为
[近] discreditable, disgraceful, dishonorable, ignominious, infamous, notorious, shameful, unrespectable
[反] irreproachable, honorable, reputable, respectable 无可指责的,受人尊敬的
[派] opprobrium n. 恶名
[反] good repute 好名声
symbol: [ə'proʊbriəs]
zhuji: 【记】op不，prob＝probe探求，rious一人人不追求的性质－坏名声。
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position: (17, 4)

正面: oration
definition: 【考法】n.(颇有野心、自高自大的)演说:a speech delivered in a high-flown or pompous manner
[近] address, declamation, harangue, peroration
symbol: [ɔ:'reɪ∫n]
zhuji3000: 【根】 or [speak] + -ation [n.], speech → n. (颇有野心、自高自大的) 演说
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position: (17, 4)

正面: orient
definition: 【考法】vt. 使确定方向,使熟悉或适应:to set or arrange in any determinate position especially in relation to the points of the compass; to make familiar with or adjusted to facts, principles, or a situation
[例] orient students toward a career in medicine 指导学生从事医学的职业道路
[近] accustom, familiarize, initiate, introduce, orientate
[反] confuse 使迷惑
symbol: ['ɔ:riənt]
zhuji: 【记】ori＝rise升起，ent一原指太阳升起的"
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position: (17, 4)

正面: original
definition: 【考法1】adj. 创新的:independent and creative in thought or action: inventive
[例] The car has a highly original design. 这车的设计很新颖。
[近] ingenious, innovative, inventive
[反] commonplace, banal, trite, familiar, hackneyed, time-honored, tired, warmed-over 陈腐的
【考法2】adj. 最初的,最早的:coming before all others in time or order
[例] The original plan had to be discarded when the situation changed drastically. 当环境发生剧烈变化时,最初的计划就该被放弃。
[近] earliest, foremost, headmost, inaugural, initial, leadoff, maiden, pioneer, premier, virgin
[反] final, last, latter, terminal, ultimate 最终的
symbol: [ə'rɪʤənl]
zhuji: 【记】源于：origin（n 起源）
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position: (17, 4)

正面: orthodox
definition: 【考法】adj. 传统的:following or agreeing with established form, custom, or rules
[例] He believes in the benefits of both orthodox medicine and alternative medicine. 他既相信传统药物又相信替代药物的效用。
[近] ceremonial, conventional, regular, routine
[反] casual, freewheeling, informal, irregular, unceremonious, unconventional, unorthodox 不常见的
symbol: ['ɔ:rθədɑ:ks]
zhuji: 【记】ortho正，dox观点
zhuji3000: 【根】 ortho- [right] + dox [opinion], of right [即多数人认为正确的] opinion → a. 传统的
[注] 前缀ortho-可以通过authority [n. 权威] 进行记忆 (读音相近):权威被大众认为 “正确”。
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position: (17, 5)

正面: oscillate
definition: 【考法1】vi. 振动,摇晃:to swing backward and forward like a pendulum
[反] remain static 静止
【考法2】vt. 犹豫,变化:vary between opposing beliefs, feelings, or theories
symbol: ['ɑ:sɪleɪt]
zhuji: 【记】osc，ill，ate吃：生病了还吃饭，手没有力量，所以手抖－摇摆
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position: (17, 5)

正面: ossify
definition: 【考法】v.(使)硬化,(使)僵化:to(cause to)become hardened or conventional and opposed to change
[例] a disease that ossifies the joints 一种会使关节僵化的疾病
[反] make pliant, transcend conventions, amenable to change 使柔软,超越传统
symbol: ['ɑ:sɪfaɪ]
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position: (17, 5)

正面: ostentatious
definition: 【考法】adj. 炫耀卖弄的:marked by or fond of conspicuous or vainglorious and sometimes pretentious display
[例] She wears an ostentatious diamond ring on her finger. 她手指上戴着一枚巨大的钻戒。
[近] flamboyant, flaring, flashy, splashy
[反] modest, artless, austere, unpretentious, conservative, quiet, understated, unflamboyant, unflashy 谦让的,朴素的,保守的
symbol: [ˌɑ:sten'teɪ∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】os我死，ten10，tatious：我死了10次－吹牛的
zhuji3000: 【根】 os- [toward] + tent [stretch] + -atious [a.], stretch toward (others), 向 (别人) 伸展、展示 → a. 炫耀卖弄的
[注] 通过同义词的后缀区分ostensible [plausible rather than real] 和ostentatious [vainglorious]。 其中plausible指“貌似可 [-ible] 信 [plaus, 鼓掌] 的”;vainglorious表示“虚 [vain] 荣 [glori=glory] 的 [-ous]”。
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position: (17, 5)

正面: ostracize
definition: 【考法】vt. 驱逐:to exclude from a group
[例] He was ostracized from the scientific community for many years because of his radical political beliefs. 他因激进的政治理想被驱逐出了科学界很多年。
[近] banish, bounce, chase, dismiss, expel, extrude, oust, boot out, cast out, run off, drum out, kick out, throw out, turf out
[反] take in, include, embrace, welcome 接纳
symbol: ['ɑ:strəsaɪz]
zhuji: 【记】源于古希腊的贝壳放逐法，用贝壳投票决定是否放逐某人os我死，trac＝track（n 轨迹），ize：我死的轨迹是在被放逐的路上
zhuji3000: 【联】 os- [out] + trac (t) [draw] + -ize [v.], 拉到外面去 → v. 驱逐
[注] 前缀os-表示“out”,参考ostentatious [卖弄炫耀的] (“向外 [os-] 伸展 [tent=tend] ”)
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position: (17, 5)

正面: oust
definition: 【考法1】vt. 免职:to remove from a position of prominence or power(as a throne)
[例] be ousted from power 被赶下台
[近] deprive, displace, uncrown, unthrone
[反] instate, crown, enthrone, throne 任命
【考法2】vt. 驱逐:to drive or force out
[例] She was ousted from her job after it was proven she'd been pilfering company supplies. 她贪污公司财物这事被证实后,她被驱逐了。
[近] banish, boot out, cast out, chase, dismiss, drum out, expel, extrude, kick out, throw out, turf out, turn out
symbol: [aʊst]
zhuji: 【记】源于：out出去！
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position: (17, 5)

正面: outgoing
definition: 【考法】adj. 友好的,外向的:openly friendly and responsive: extroverted
[例] a salesman whose aggressively outgoing personality could sometimes be overbearing 一个销售员如果过于热情会让人不能忍
[近] companionable, extroverted, gregarious, sociable
[反] antisocial, introverted, nongregarious, reclusive, unsociable, unsocial 不合群的,不善交际的
symbol: ['aʊtgoʊɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】out出去，going去－总是出去－好交际的
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position: (17, 5)

正面: outlandish
definition: 【考法】adj. 古怪的,奇异的:strikingly out of the ordinary; bizarre
[例] an outlandish costume 奇装异服
[近] bizarre, cranky, eccentric, erratic, offbeat, peculiar, remarkable
[反] conventional, familiar, nonexotic, nonglamorous, plain-Jane, unglamorous, unromantic 常规的,平凡的
symbol: [aʊt'lændɪ∫]
zhuji3000: 【根】 out + land + ish [a.], 外地的人一样,外地人的风俗习惯不一样,所以看起来很古怪 → a. 古怪的,奇异的
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position: (17, 5)

正面: outmaneuver
definition: 【考法】vt. 以策略取胜:to overcome(an opponent)by artful, clever maneuvering
[例] He outmaneuvered his congressional opponent. 他以计谋战胜了国会的对手。
[近] outfox, outslick, outsmart, outthink, outwit
[反] yield 屈服
symbol: [ˌaʊtmə'nu:vər]
zhuji: 【记】读：out man eu味儿－男人把鞋脱了往外放味儿－以策略制胜
zhuji3000: 【根】 out [出] + maneuver [巧妙地操纵], 巧妙地操纵从而脱颖而出 → vt. 以策略取胜
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position: (17, 5)

正面: outset
definition: 【考法】n. 开端,开始:beginning, start
[例] I wish you'd mentioned this problem at the outset. 我希望你开门见山地提这个问题。
[近] alpha, commencement, genesis, inception, incipience, nascence
[反] termination, close, conclusion, end, ending, omega 终止
symbol: ['aʊtset]
zhuji: 【记】源于：set out（开始；出发）"
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position: (17, 5)

正面: outwit
definition: 【考法】vt. 瞒骗,以智取胜:to surpass in cleverness or cunning; outsmart
[例] a plan to outwit their opponents at their own game 在擅长的领域智取对手的计划
[近] outfox, outmaneuver, outslick, outsmart, outthink
symbol: [ˌaʊt'wɪt]
zhuji: 【记】out出，wit机智一机智超出别人
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position: (17, 6)

正面: overbearing
definition: 【考法1】adj. 专横傲慢的:domineering in manner; arrogant
[例] Her husband's overbearing manner made her miserable. 她的丈夫专横傲慢,让她痛不欲生。
[近] authoritative, despotic, dictatorial, imperious, masterful, peremptory
[反] meek, unassuming 谦逊的
【考法2】adj. 压倒一切的,(在力量或重要性上)势不可挡的;支配的,显著的:overwhelming in power or significance; predominant, coming before all others in importance
[例] the overbearing problem in our nation's schools 我国中小学教育最突出的问题
[近] capital, cardinal, central, chief, dominant, key, leading, master, number one, overmastering, overriding, paramount, predominant, preeminent, premier, primary, prior, sovereign, supreme
symbol: [ˌoʊvər'berɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】over过分，bearing忍受一使人过分忍受－专横跋扈的
zhuji3000: 【联】 over [在上面] + bear [n. 熊], 像熊一样在上面 (熊体型庞大) → a. 专横傲慢的;压倒一切的,(在力量或重要性上) 势不可挡的;支配的,显著的
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position: (17, 6)

正面: overlap
definition: 【考法】v.(与…)部分重叠:to occupy the same area in part
[例] Baseball season overlaps football season in September. 棒球赛季和橄榄球赛季在九月有重合时间。
[近] lap, overlay, overlie, overspread
symbol: [ˌoʊvər'læp]
zhuji: 【记】over在…上，lap（n 坐时的大腿前部）一把一条腿放在另一条腿上翘二郎腿一重叠
zhuji3000: 【根】 over + lap [v. (使) 重叠], lap over → v. (与…) 部分重叠
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position: (17, 6)

正面: overt
definition: 【考法】adj. 明显的,公开的:open and observable; not hidden, concealed, or secret
[例] overt hostility 公然的敌意
[反] shadowy 模糊的
symbol: [oʊ'vɜ:rt]
zhuji: 【记】over打开，t他一公开的；参：covert（adj 隐蔽的）
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position: (17, 6)

正面: overture
definition: 【考法1】n. 前言:an introductory section or part, as of a poem; a prelude
[近] preamble, preliminary, prologue, warm-up, curtain-raiser
【考法2】n. 序曲:an instrumental composition intended especially as an introduction to an extended work, such as an opera or oratorio
[例] The parade down Main Street served as the overture for a weekend of fun and festivities. 主干道上的游行活动拉开了一周节日活动的序幕。
[反] coda 结尾
symbol: ['oʊvərt∫ər]
zhuji: 【记】overt（adj 公开的；开始的），ure一开始的歌曲－序曲
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position: (17, 6)

正面: oxymoron
definition: 【考法】n. 矛盾修饰法:a combination of contradictory or incongruous words
[例] The phrase“cruel kindness”is an oxymoron.“残酷的仁慈”就是矛盾修饰法的一个[例]子。‖The phrase“Broadway rock musical”is an oxymoron. Broadway doesn't have the nerve to let the really hard stuff in the house.“百老汇的摇滚音乐剧”是个反讽。百老汇才不会允许吵吵闹闹的东西在里面演出。
symbol: [ˌɑ:ksɪ'mɔ:rɑ:n]
zhuji: 【记】o是坐标中心，x是x轴，y是y轴，moron：坐标中的xy轴是相互矛盾的
zhuji3000: 【根】 oxy [sharp] + moron [傻瓜], 敏锐 [sharp]、聪明的傻子 → n. 矛盾修饰法
[注] 词根oxy表示sharp, 例如oxygen [氧气] , 原指“产生 [gen] 酸 [oxy=sharp] ”的物质,早期工业上制造酸 (如硫酸) 需要氧气作为主要原料。 (另一事实,氧气 [oxygen] 有一定的氧化性、腐蚀性 [sharp])。moron [傻瓜] 指“愚蠢 [mor] 的人 [-on]”, 其中的词根mor也出现在sophomoric [一知半解的] 中,字面含义“半聪明 [soph] 半傻 [mor]” (此外sophomoric还形容大学学业刚进行了一半, 即“(大学) 二年级的”)。
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position: (17, 6)

正面: pacify
definition: 【考法】vt. 使平静,安慰:to ease the anger or agitation of
[例] pacify a crying child 安抚一个哭泣的孩子
[近] appease, assuage, conciliate, mollify, placate, propitiate
[反] incite, rankle, tantrum, vex, discompose, truculent 煽动,激起
symbol: ['pæsɪfaɪ]
zhuji: 【记】源于：peace（n 和平；安宁）
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position: (17, 6)

正面: padding
definition: 【考法】n. 夸张,废话:the representation of something in terms that go beyond the facts
[例] That feature writer is sometimes guilty of padding, but he keeps it from getting out of hand. 这位专栏作者有时候夸夸其谈,但是保持了适度。
[近] caricature, coloring, elaboration, embellishment, embroidery, hyperbole, magnification, overstatement, stretching
[反] meiosis, understatement 轻描淡写
symbol: ['pædɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】读：拍add ing－又拍又加－往枕头里面装填料
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position: (17, 6)

正面: paean
definition: 【考法】n. 欢乐颂:a joyous song or hymn of praise, tribute, thanksgiving, or triumph
[例] Her retirement party featured many paeans for her long years of service to the company. 她的退休派对满是对她多年在公司辛勤工作的赞颂。
[近] accolade, citation, dithyramb, eulogium, eulogy, hymn, panegyric, tribute
symbol: ['pi:ən]
zhuji: 【记】原指：古代希腊感恩节对太阳神祈祷的一种赞美诗源于：peace（n 和平），peace后，对归来的英雄唱paean
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position: (17, 6)

正面: painstaking
definition: 【考法】adj. 煞费苦心的:taking pains: expending, showing, or involving diligent care and effort
[例] It took months of painstaking research to write the book. 这本书的写作耗费了几个月的苦心研究。
[近] careful, conscientious, fussy, meticulous, scrupulous
[反] slipshod, cursory, careless 漫不经心的,草率的
symbol: ['peɪnzteɪkɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】pains痛；辛苦，taking拿：拿出辛苦－辛苦的
zhuji3000: 【根】 pains [痛苦] + taking [take的现在分词], taking pains → a. 煞费苦心的
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position: (17, 6)

正面: palatable
definition: 【考法】adj. 感到愉悦满足的:giving pleasure or contentment to the mind or senses
[例] I always associate the palatable aroma of roasting turkey with Thanksgiving. 我总是把香喷喷的烤火鸡的味道和感恩节联系起来。
[近] agreeable, blessed, congenial, delectable, delightful, delightsome, dreamy, dulcet, enjoyable, felicitous, grateful, gratifying, heavenly, jolly, luscious, pleasurable, satisfying, savory
[反] disagreeable, pleasureless, unpalatable, unpleasant, unwelcome 不愉悦的
symbol: ['pælətəbl]
zhuji: 【记】读：plate（n 盘子），table桌子，table上的plate里面有palatable源于：pal（n 好朋友），和pal在a一个，table上分享palatable源于：palate（n 上腭；味觉）
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position: (17, 7)

正面: palatial
definition: 【考法】adj. 宫殿般奢华的:of the nature of a palace, as in spaciousness or ornateness
[例] a palatial penthouse apartment 一套豪华的顶层公寓
[近] deluxe, lavish, luxuriant, opulent, sumptuous
[反] ascetic, austere, humble, no-frills, spartan 简朴的
symbol: [pə'leɪ∫l]
zhuji: 【记】源于：palace（n 宫殿）
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position: (17, 7)

正面: pall
definition: 【考法】vi. 失去兴趣:to lose in interest or attraction
[例] His humor began to pall on us. 他的幽默开始使我们生腻了。
[反] interest, intrigue 激发兴趣
symbol: [pɔ:l]
zhuji: 【记】pa怕，all所有：所有人都害怕的东西－裹尸布，整天穿着pall使人厌倦。
zhuji3000: 【根】 感兴趣的事物变得“苍白暗淡” → v. 失去兴趣
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position: (17, 7)

正面: palliate
definition: 【考法】vt. 平息,减轻:to make less severe or intense; mitigate
[近] allay, alleviate, assuage, mitigate, mollify, relieve, soothe
[反] aggravate, exacerbate, worsen, increase intensity 加剧,恶化
[派] palliative adj. 缓和的,减轻的
[例] palliative drug 缓解剂
symbol: ['pælieɪt]
zhuji: 【记】pall（n 裹尸布；v 使人发腻；使平淡无味；覆盖），iate：用裹尸布盖住罪过－掩饰罪过，减轻痛苦pa，lli＝ill，ate：生病以后狂吃－减轻痛苦
zhuji3000: 【根】 pall + i + -ate [v.], 使 (愤怒、病痛等在程度上) 变“弱” → v. 平息,减轻
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position: (17, 7)

正面: pallid
definition: 【考法1】adj. 无生气的,缺乏活力的:lacking in radiance or vitality; dull
[例] The movie is a pallid version of the classic novel. 这部经典小说改编的电影很苍白无力。
[反] piquant 兴奋的
【考法2】adj. 苍白无血色的:having an abnormally pale or wan complexion
[例] a pallid girl who looked as though she'd never seen the sun 一个面色苍白的姑娘,仿佛从来没有晒过太阳
[近] ashen, ashy, blanched, pasty, wan
[反] rubicund, blooming, florid, flush, full-blooded, glowing, ruddy, sanguine 红润的
symbol: ['pælɪd]
zhuji: 【记】pall＝pale（adj 苍白的）
zhuji3000: 【联】 pall + -id [a.], (身体) 虚弱无力,(面色) 苍白 → a. 无生气的,缺乏活力的;苍白无血色的
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position: (17, 7)

正面: palmy
definition: 【考法】adj. 繁荣的:marked by prosperity
[例] the palmy days of the British drama 英国戏剧的繁荣时期
[近] flourishing, prosperous, thriving, booming, lush, roaring, halcyon
[反] failed, depressed, unprosperous, unsuccessful 不成功的,不繁荣的
symbol: ['pɑ:mi]
zhuji: 【记】palm（n 手掌）引申为手掌一般的棕榈叶－繁茂的
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position: (17, 7)

正面: palpable
definition: 【考法1】adj. 摸得到的:capable of being touched or felt
[例] a small but palpable lump in my neck 我脖子上有一块很小但是能摸得到的肿块
[近] touchable
[反] impalpable, intangible 无形的,触摸不到的
【考法2】adj. 明显的,易觉察的:easily perceived; obvious
[例] a palpable difference 易觉察的差别
[近] apprehensible, detectable, discernible, distinguishable, sensible
[反] imperceptible, inappreciable, indistinguishable, insensible, undetectable 隐晦的,细微的
symbol: ['pælpəbl]
zhuji: 【记】palp摸，able一摸得到的一明显的
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position: (17, 7)

正面: palter
definition: 【考法】vi. 欺骗;讨价还价:to act insincerely or deceitfully; haggle, chaffer
[例] unwilling to palter over the price of the house 拒绝对房子讨价还价
[近] chaffer, deal, dicker, haggle, horse-trade, negotiate, equivocate
[反] candor 坦率
symbol: ['pɔ:ltər]
zhuji: 【记】读：泡她，一般来说，在想泡一个女孩的时候，肯定不是真心相爱，所以在说I Love You的时候就是含糊其词的。
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position: (17, 7)

正面: paltry
definition: 【考法1】adj. 无价值的;微不足道的:lacking in importance or worth
[例] Venture capitalists appear to be confused by such paltry amounts. 风险投资家对如此微不足道的数量感到疑惑。
[近] inconsequential, inconsiderable, insignificant, niggling, piddling, piffling, trivial
[反] significant, important, big, consequential, considerable, material 意义重大的
【考法2】adj. 让人厌恶的,让人鄙视的:arousing or deserving of one's loathing and disgust
[例] a paltry, underhanded scheme to get someone fired 一个卑鄙的炒掉某人的计谋
[近] cheap, cruddy, deplorable, despicable, grubby, lame, lousy, mean, scummy, scurvy, sneaking, wretched
[反] admirable, commendable, creditable, laudable, meritorious, praiseworthy 令人尊敬的
symbol: ['pɔ:ltri]
zhuji: 【记】pal＝pale（adj 苍白的），try（努力）一白努力－无价值的
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position: (17, 7)

正面: pan
definition: 【考法】vt./n. 严厉批评:a harsh criticism
[例] Almost all the movie critics have panned this latest sequel in a tired series. 几乎所有的影评家都批评这部最新续集,认为是狗尾续貂。
[近] blame, censure, condemn, denounce, dispraise, reprehend
[反] eulogize, extol, rave, laud, praise 称赞
symbol: [pæn]
zhuji: 【记】拼：盘，长得象平底锅－用平底锅打你一下－严厉批评
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position: (17, 7)

正面: panache
definition: 【考法】n. 炫耀:dash or flamboyance in style and action
[例] Belanger dances with an undemonstrative panache that draws one's attention as if by seeking to deflect it; through finesse and understatement, he manages to seem at once intensely present and curiously detached. 贝朗格的舞蹈低调而华丽,似乎想通过使人走神而吸引观众的注意;他通过精湛的技艺和压抑的演绎,使他的表演让人感到忽远忽近。
[反] humility, unremarkable behavior, dullness 谦逊,寻常举止,平庸乏味
symbol: [pə'næ∫]
zhuji: 【记】pan作为词根是全部的意思，ache（n 疼痛），全部疼痛，是因为炫耀的太厉害，被人用鸡蛋和西红柿砍的。拼音：怕那车，害怕那辆车，是因为那是皇上的轿子－炫耀
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position: (17, 8)

正面: pandemic
definition: 【考法】adj. 大范围流行的:widespread; general
[例] pandemic malaria 大规模的疟疾
[反] limited 有限的
symbol: [pæn'demɪk]
zhuji: 【记】pan全部，dem人民，ic－涉及全部民众的－大范围流行的
zhuji3000: 【根】 pan [all] + dem [people] + -ic [a.], among all people → a. 大范围流行的
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position: (17, 8)

正面: pandemonium
definition: 【考法】n. 喧嚣,骚动:wild uproar or noise
[例] Christmas morning at our house is always marked by pandemonium. 我们家圣诞节的早上总是免不了一番吵吵闹闹。
[近] bluster, bustle, disturbance, furor, fuss, hubbub, moil, pother, ruckus, ruction, tumult, turmoil, uproar
[反] serene 安静
symbol: [ˌpændə'moʊniəm]
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position: (17, 8)

正面: panegyric
definition: 【考法】n. 赞颂之词,颂文:an eulogistic oration or writing
[例] write a panegyric on the centennial of the Nobel laureate's birth 为诺贝尔获得者百年诞辰纪念日写一篇颂文
[近] accolade, citation, commendation, dithyramb, eulogium, eulogy, hymn, paean
[反] anathema, denunciation, condemnation 诅咒,谴责
symbol: [ˌpænə'ʤɪrɪk]
zhuji: 【记】pa怕，neg否定，yric＝lyric（抒情诗）－怕否定的抒情诗，就是肯定的抒情诗－颂扬
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position: (17, 8)

正面: panoramic
definition: 【考法】adj. 全景的:of an unobstructed or complete view of an area in every direction
[近] compendious, complete, comprehensive, cyclopedic, embracive, exhaustive, thorough, in-depth
[反] narrow 狭窄的
[派] panorama n. 全景;全貌,概述
[例] a panorama of American history 美国历史总览
symbol: [ˌpænə'ræmɪk]
zhuji3000: 【根】 pan- [all] + oram [view] + -ic [a.], view all, 看到全部的 → a. 全景的
[注] 前缀pan-表示all, 例如pandemic [ (疾病等) 流行的] ,字面含义“全 [pan-] 民 [dem] 的 [-ic] ”;panacea [cure-all, 万能药] 中的pan-也是“全部”的含义。
【联】 pan- [all] + oram [roam, 漫游] + -ic [a.], 漫游过全部 (地方) 的 → 全景的
以下的4个单词可以将scru按照读音联想成“四顾”,表示“ (顾虑地) 看”。
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position: (17, 8)

正面: parable
definition: 【考法】n. 寓言:a story intended to teach a basic truth or moral about life
[例] the parable in which the repentant sinner is compared to the returning prodigal son 这个寓言故事将不愿悔过的罪人和回头的浪子进行了比较
[近] apologue, fable
symbol: ['pærəbl]
zhuji: 【记】para旁边，ble＝ball－把球放在你的旁边，把你比喻成球，象猪一样－比喻
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position: (17, 8)

正面: paradigm
definition: 【考法】n. 典范,模范:one that serves as a pattern or model
[例] He was the paradigm of the successful man. 他是成功人士的典范。
[近] archetype, example, exemplar, ideal, model, pattern, paragon
symbol: ['pærədaɪm]
zhuji: 【记】para旁边，dig挖，m－在旁边挖井给大家水喝－榜样
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position: (17, 8)

正面: paradise
definition: 【考法1】n. 天堂,极乐世界:an often imaginary place or state of utter perfection and happiness
[例] an idealist who trotted the globe looking for paradise 一个奔波于全世界以寻找一片乐土的理想主义者
[近] bliss, empyrean, heaven, nirvana, utopia
[反] hell, inferno 地狱
【考法2】n. 快乐,狂喜:a state of overwhelming usually pleasurable emotion
[例] that early stage of a romance when lovers are in paradise 恋爱初期,恋人们都处于快乐兴奋的状态
[近] elation, euphoria, exhilaration, intoxication, rapture, rhapsody, transport
[反] dejection, depression, gloominess, melancholy 沮丧,哀伤
symbol: ['pærədaɪs]
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position: (17, 8)

正面: paradox
definition: 【考法】n. 表面矛盾实际可能正确的话,悖论:a statement that is seemingly contradictory or opposed to common sense and yet is perhaps true
[例] The paradox is that fishermen would catch more fish if they fished less. 有一个悖论:如果渔民减少捕鱼量的话,他们将会捕到更多的鱼。
[近] dichotomy, incongruity
symbol: ['pærədɑ:ks]
zhuji: 【记】para旁边，dox观点－旁门左道的观点－矛盾的话
zhuji3000: 【根】 para- [beside] + dox [opinion], opinion beside [=contrary to] (commonsense) → n. 表面矛盾实际可能正确的话,悖论
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position: (17, 8)

正面: paragon
definition: 【考法1】n. 优秀模范:a model of excellence or perfection of a kind; a peerless example
[例] a paragon of good husband 模范好丈夫
[近] archetype, example, exemplar, ideal, model, pattern, paradigm
【考法2】vt. 把…比作;显示相似:to compare with; parallel
[例] paragon retreat with treachery 把撤退比作是背叛
[近] assimilate, compare, equate, liken, match, parallel
[反] contrast 对比,对照以产生[反]差
symbol: ['pærəgɑ:n]
zhuji: 【记】para旁边，gon＝gan干－在边上干活－模范
zhuji3000: 【联】 para- [beyond, beside] + gon [角], 超群,崭露头角 → n. 优秀模范
[注] paragon还表示“vt. 把…比作,显示相似”,来自前缀para- [beside],“(放) 在一旁”,例如parallel [平行]
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position: (17, 8)

正面: paramount
definition: 【考法】adj. 最重要的:of chief concern or importance
[例] The paramount goal is to restore the colonial-era house with complete historical accuracy. 最重要的任务就是十分精确地依照历史重建殖民时期的建筑。
[近] cardinal, chief, key, leading, main, predominant, preeminent, primary, principal, supreme
[反] ancillary, secondary 次要的;paltry, petty, trifling, trivial 不重要的
symbol: ['pærəmaʊnt]
zhuji: 【记】para旁边，mount爬－从边上爬过你的头顶－地位重要的美国好莱坞的派拉蒙公司就是这个商标
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position: (17, 9)

正面: paranoid
definition: 【考法】adj. 多疑的,对他人极端恐惧和怀疑的:exhibiting or characterized by extreme and irrational fear or distrust of others
[例] a paranoid suspicion that the phone might be bugged 疑神疑鬼地担心电话被窃听了
[近] distrustful, nervous, suspicious, unbelieving, worried
[反] credulous 轻信的
[派] paranoia n. 偏执狂
symbol: ['pærənɔɪd]
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position: (17, 9)

正面: paraphrase
definition: 【考法】v. 转述,意译,改写:to express something(as a text or statement)in different words
[例] Could you please paraphrase your diagnosis of my health condition, using simpler language? 您能否用更通俗的话语转述一下您对我健康状况的诊断呢?
[近] rephrase, restate, reword, translate
[反] quote(不加以修改地)引用
symbol: ['pærəfreɪz]
zhuji: 【记】para旁边，phrase语言－写在旁边的语言－注释；意译
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position: (17, 9)

正面: parch
definition: 【考法】v. 炽,烤;烤干:to make extremely dry, especially by exposure to heat
[例] parch a surface from exposure to sun 通过太阳照射烤干一个面
[近] dehydrate, desiccate, dry, scorch, sear
[反] douse, drench, hydrate, steep, wash, water, wet 弄湿
symbol: [pɑ:rt∫]
zhuji: 【记】读：怕吃，烤焦的东西不能吃。
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position: (17, 9)

正面: parenthesis
definition: 【考法】n. 间断:an interruption of continuity; an interval
[例] a parenthesis in an otherwise solid marriage 在本该是完满婚姻中的一个插曲
[近] discontinuity, interim, interlude, intermission, interregnum, interruption, interstice, interval
[反] continuation, continuity 持续不断;resumption 继续
symbol: [pə'renθəsɪs]
zhuji: 【记】paren＝para旁边，thes放置，is：放在旁边解释的话－要用括号parent（n 父母），thesis（n 论文）：父母的论文里面（）很多paren拼：怕人，thesis（n 论文）：论文中怕人的部分躲在（）中"
zhuji3000: 【根】 par (a) - [beside] + en- [in] + thes [put] + -is [n.], put in besides, (在一件事进行时) 放入其他 → n. 间断
[注] parenthesis还有“圆括号”的含义,因为文章常用圆括号“放入其他”解释性内容。
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position: (17, 9)

正面: pariah
definition: 【考法】n. 被排斥或鄙视的人:one that is despised or rejected, outcast
[例] I felt like a pariah when I wore the wrong outfit to the dinner party. 当我穿着不恰当的礼服赴宴时,我感觉自己被别人狠狠地鄙视了。
[近] castaway, castoff, leper, reject
[反] respectable person 值得尊敬的人
symbol: [pə'raɪə]
zhuji: 【记】par怕，ia病，h：贱民都有害怕人的病。
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position: (17, 9)

正面: parity
definition: 【考法】n. 相称,同等,平等:the quality or state of being equal or equivalent
[例] achieve parity with our commercial competitors 取得与我们的商业竞争对手同等的地位
[近] coequality, coordinateness, equality, equivalency, par, sameness
[反] disparity, imparity, inequality 不公平;incommensurateness 不相称
symbol: ['pærəti]
zhuji: 【记】par作为词根是平等的意思
zhuji3000: 【根】 par [equal] + -ity [n.], being equal → n. 相称,同等,平等
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position: (17, 9)

正面: parody
definition: 【考法1】n.(以嘲笑原作作者的)模仿作品:a literary or musical work in which the style of an author or work is closely imitated for comic effect or in ridicule
[例] The Back Dormitory Boys specialize in parody of Backstreet Boys. 后舍男生擅长恶搞后街男孩。
[近] burlesque, caricature, spoof, travesty
【考法2】v. 模仿(以嘲弄):to copy or exaggerate(someone or something)in order to make fun of
[例] parody a public figure's mannerisms 模仿嘲弄一个公共人物的举止
[近] imitate, mock, mimic
symbol: ['pærədi]
zhuji: 【记】par平等，ody＝ode唱－唱的一样－模仿诗文
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position: (17, 9)

正面: paroxysm
definition: 【考法1】n.(感情、动作的)突发:a sudden outburst of emotion or action
[例] a paroxysm of coughing 突然一阵咳嗽
[近] burst, ebullition, eruption, explosion, flare, flash, flush, gush, outburst, storm
【考法2】n.(政治、社会领域的)大动荡:a violent disturbance(as of the political or social order)
[例] Darwin's introduction of the theory of evolution created paroxysms in both religion and science that are still being felt today. 达尔文提出的进化论给宗教界和科学界都带来了巨大的冲击,时至今日我们仍然能感觉到。
[近] bouleversement, cataclysm, earthquake, hurricane, storm, tempest, tumult, upheaval, uproar
symbol: ['pærəksɪzəm]
zhuji: 【记】pa怕，ro肉，oxysm－怕吃肉，因为怕高血脂突发
zhuji3000: 【根】 par (a) - [beyond] + oxy [sharp] + - (i) sm [n.], sharp (beyond) , 时间短程度强烈 → n. (感情、动作的) 突发;(政治、社会领域) 大动荡
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position: (17, 9)

正面: parrot
definition: 【考法】vt.(机械地)模仿,复制:to repeat or imitate, especially without understanding
[例] parrot others blindly 盲目地人云亦云
[近] copy, ditto, duplicate, echo, quote
[反] coin, create, devise, invent 创造
symbol: ['pærət]
zhuji: 【记】par怕，rot腐烂：怕自己的嘴腐烂就应该学舌－流水不腐。
zhuji3000: 【记】 来自parrot [鹦鹉], 鹦鹉学舌 → v. (机械地) 模仿,复制
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position: (17, 9)

正面: parry
definition: 【考法】vt. 躲避(问题):to evade especially by an adroit answer
[例] He parried the embarrassing question with a clever reply. 他以巧妙的回答躲避了这个令人尴尬的问题。
[近] avoid, dodge, elude, eschew, evade, finesse, scape, shirk, shun
[反] confront, face, meet 面对;embrace 欣然接受
symbol: ['pæri]
zhuji: 【记】par怕，容易：害怕所以躲避
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position: (17, 10)

正面: parsimonious
definition: 【考法】n. 过度节俭的,吝啬的:frugal to the point of stinginess
[例] the stereotype of the dour and parsimonious Scotsman 严肃而吝啬的苏格兰人的典型代表
[近] closefisted, mean, mingy, miserly, niggardly, penurious, stinting, tight, tightfisted, uncharitable, ungenerous
[反] generous, liberal, munificent 慷慨的;dissolute, extravagant, prodigal, wasteful 浪费的,挥霍的
symbol: [ˌpɑ:rsə'moʊniəs]
zhuji: 【记】读：怕死money ious，害怕钱死掉了－吝啬的
zhuji3000: 【联】 parsi [parsing, 解析 → “分成小块”] + mon [money] + - (i) ous [a.], 将钱分成一小块一小块去花 → a.过度节俭的,吝啬的
[注] parsimonious另一种联想:“怕失 (去) [parsi, 汉语读音联想] money [mon] 的 [- (i) ous] ”
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position: (17, 10)

正面: partial
definition: 【考法1】adj. 偏袒的,偏爱的:inclined to favor one party more than the other: biased
[例] He is partial to Maverick. 他偏爱小牛队。
[近] biased, one-sided, partisan, prejudiced
[反] disinterested, equitable, evenhanded, fair, impartial, neutral, objective, unbiased, unprejudiced 公平的
【考法2】adj. 部分的,不完整的:lacking some necessary part
[例] a partial answer to the problem 一部分的解答
[近] deficient, fragmental, fragmentary, half, halfway
[反] complete, entire, full, intact, integral, perfect, whole 完整的
[派] partially adv. 部分地;partiality n. 偏袒,偏爱
symbol: ['pɑ:r∫l]
zhuji: 【记】part部分，只喜欢一部分人－偏袒的
zhuji3000: 【根】 part [part] + -ial [a.], in part → 部分的,不完整的;favour one part, (倾向于喜爱) 某部分的 → a.偏袒的,偏爱的
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position: (17, 10)

正面: particularize
definition: 【考法】vt. 详述:to go into or give details or particulars
[例] particularize the rules you must observe 详述你需要遵守的规定
[近] detail, specificate, specify
[反] abbreviate, abridge, condense, shorten 删减(内容等)
symbol: [pər'tɪkjələraɪz]
zhuji: 【记】源于：particular（n 细节；详细）
zhuji3000: 【记】 particular [特别的] + -ize [v.], 特别地描述 → vt.详述
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position: (17, 10)

正面: partisan
definition: 【考法1】n. 跟随者,信徒:one who follows the opinions or teachings of another
[例] Partisans of the charismatic leader refuse to tolerate any criticism of him at all. 跟随者们不允许任何有关于他们富有魅力的领导的负面言论。
[近] acolyte, adherent, disciple, pupil, votary
[反] bellwether, leader 领导者
【考法2】n.(狂热、坚定的)拥护者,支持者:one who is intensely or excessively devoted to a cause
[例] a partisan of the revolution who was even willing to give her life for it 一个愿意为了革命献出自己生命的坚定拥护者
[近] crusader, fanatic, ideologue, zealot, true believer
[反] adversary, antagonist, opponent [反]对者
【考法3】adj. 偏袒的:inclined to favor one side over another
[例] a shamelessly partisan news report 一篇无耻的、有倾向性的新闻报道
[近] biased, one-sided, partial, prejudiced
[反] disinterested, equitable, evenhanded, fair, impartial, neutral, objective, unbiased, unprejudiced 公平的
symbol: ['pɑ:rtəzn]
zhuji: 【记】party党，san人－党人－党徒
zhuji3000: 【根】 parti [party] + -san [n.], a man in a party, 党徒 → n. 跟随者,信徒;(狂热、坚定的) 拥护者,支持者;favour one part, (倾向于喜爱) 某部分的 → a. 偏袒的
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position: (17, 10)

正面: pastiche
definition: 【考法1】n.(带嘲讽的)模仿:a literary, artistic, musical, or architectural work that imitates the style of previous work, often with satirical intent
[例] a pastiche of Botticelli's Birth of Venus 波提且利画作《维纳斯的诞生》的仿品
[近] burlesque, caricature, imitation, parody, spoof, travesty
[反] original work 原作
【考法2】n. 大杂烩:a pasticcio of incongruous parts; a hodgepodge
[例] a pastiche of dishes from many countries 来自众多国家的饮食杂烩
[近] agglomerate, collage, hodgepodge, jumble, jungle, medley, montage, motley, salad, variety, welter
symbol: [pæ'sti:∫]
zhuji: 【记】past过去，I，che车：过去的老爷车已经不多了，现在看到的都是模仿制品
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position: (17, 10)

正面: partition
definition: 【考法】n. 分割,划分:the act or process of dividing something into parts
[例] the partition of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia 捷克斯洛伐克被分裂成捷克共和国和斯洛伐克
[近] bifurcation, breakup, cleavage, disunion, division, fractionalization, schism, scission, split, sundering
[反] unification, union 联合
symbol: [pɑ:r'tɪ∫n]
zhuji3000: 【根】 part [part] + i + -tion [n.], (divide into) parts → n.分割,划分
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position: (17, 10)

正面: patent
definition: 【考法】adj. 显而易见的,明显的:readily visible or intelligible: obvious
[例] Unfortunately, the patent flaw of the proposal did not deter the city council from putting it up for a vote. 不幸的是,尽管提案中有着显而易见的缺陷,市议会依然将它拿出来进行投票。
[近] apparent, blatant, conspicuous, evident, flagrant, manifest, obvious, plain
[反] concealed, hidden, invisible 隐藏的,不可见的
symbol: ['peɪtnt]
zhuji: 【记】pa爬，tent（n 帐篷）：在帐篷上爬来爬去－明显的pat作为词根是公开的意思－明显的
zhuji3000: 【记】 patent [专利],“专利”是“公开的技术”,在版权期过后任何人都有权使用 → a. 显而易见的,明显的
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position: (17, 10)

正面: pathological
definition: 【考法】adj. 不正常的,病态的:being such to a degree that is extreme, excessive, or markedly abnormal
[例] She has a pathological fear of snakes. 她对蛇有一种病态的恐惧。
[近] abnormal, aberrant, anomalous, morbid
[反] normal 正常的;natural 自然的
symbol: [ˌpæθə'lɑ:ʤɪkl]
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position: (17, 10)

正面: patina
definition: 【考法1】n. 外表:a superficial covering or exterior
[例] a superficial patina of knowledge 表面肤浅的知识
[近] façade, hull, skin, veneer
[反] essential quality 本质;core, kernel 核心
【考法2】n.(由内而外散发的)氛围,气场:an appearance or aura that is derived from association, habit, or established character
[例] Although the winery is brand-new, it has been constructed and decorated to give it a patina of old-world quaintness. 尽管酿酒厂是全新建造的,但它的构造和装饰都刻意营造出一种古色古香的奇异氛围。
[近] air, ambience, aroma, atmosphere, climate, flavor, halo, odor, smell, temper, vibration
symbol: [pə'ti:nə]
zhuji: 【记】原指盛圣餐面包的金属盘读：天津的市中心有一个大铜盘，每个人都在上面拍，祈求获得幸福－铜盘上的绿锈
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position: (17, 10)

正面: patrician
definition: 【考法1】n. 贵族,名门望族:a man or woman of high birth or social position
[例] the rank of a patrician 贵族等级
[近] aristocrat, noble, blue blood
[反] plebeian 平民,庶民
【考法2】adj. 贵族的,地位高的:of high birth, rank, or station
[例] come from a patrician family 出身贵族世家
[近] aristocratic, genteel, gentle, grand, great, highborn, highbred, upper-class, wellborn
[反] baseborn, common, humble, ignoble, low, lower-class, mean 地位低下的
symbol: [pə'trɪ∫n]
zhuji: 【记】patric父亲，ian－像父亲一样威严－贵族
zhuji3000: 【根】 patr [father] + -ic + -ian [n.&a.], 像父亲一样高高在上 → n. 贵族,名门望族 a. 贵族的,地位高的
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position: (18, 1)

正面: patriot
definition: 【考法】n. 爱国者:one who loves his or her country and supports its authority and interests
[例] The USA Patriot Act has generated a great deal of controversy since its enactment. 自实施之日起,美国的《爱国者法案》就产生了大量的争议。‖a fanatical patriot 狂热的爱国者
[近] loyalist, nationalist, partisan
[反] apostate, recreant, renegade, traitor, turncoat 叛徒;insurgent, mutineer, rebel 叛乱者
[派] patriotism n. 爱国主义
symbol: ['peɪtriət]
zhuji: 【记】patri爸爸，ot：把祖国看成爸爸－爱国者
zhuji3000: 【根】 patr [fatherland] + - (i) ot [n.], (热爱) 祖国的人 → n. 爱国者
【联】 patriot可看做“祖国 [patr] 狂热者 [zealot] ”
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position: (18, 1)

正面: patronize
definition: 【考法1】vt. 赞助:to provide aid or support for
[例] a company that loyally patronizes the arts 一个一直以来坚持赞助艺术界的公司
[近] advocate, back, champion, endorse, support, uphold
[反] baffle, foil, frustrate, sabotage 阻挠,从中破坏
【考法2】vt. 以高人一等的态度对待:to adopt an air of condescension toward: treat haughtily or coolly
[例] a director with an unpleasant habit of patronizing even his most gifted actors 一个有着令人讨厌的习惯的导演,他即便是对手下最有才华的演员也总是摆出傲慢的姿态
[近] condescend
[派] patron n. 赞助人
symbol: ['peɪtrənaɪz]
zhuji3000: 【根】 patr [father] + on + -ize [v.], 像父亲一样对待别人 → v. 赞助;以高人一等的态度对待
【联】 patron [n. 监护人;赞助人]
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position: (18, 1)

正面: paucity
definition: 【考法】n. 少量,缺乏:smallness of number; dearth
[例] an extreme paucity of natural resources 极度缺乏自然资源
[近] dearth, deficit, drought, inadequacy, insufficiency, lack, scantiness, scarcity, shortage, undersupply, want
[反] abundance, adequacy, amplitude, opulence, plenitude, sufficiency, wealth 大量,丰富
symbol: ['pɔ:səti]
zhuji: 【记】读：跑city，在全城跑，要饭的－缺乏
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position: (18, 1)

正面: paunchy
definition: 【考法】adj. 大腹便便的,大肚子的:having a potbelly
[例] a paunchy middle-aged man 一个大腹便便的中年男子
[近] corpulent, fat, potbellied
[反] slender, slim, svelte, thin 瘦的,苗条的
symbol: ['pɔ:nt∫ɪ]
zhuji: 【记】读：胖吃，胖了还吃－大肚子的
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position: (18, 1)

正面: peck
definition: 【考法1】n. 大量:a considerable amount
[例] Now you're in a peck of trouble. 现在你有一堆麻烦了。
[近] abundance, bunch, bundle, dozen, mass, mountain, much, multiplicity, myriad, pile, plenitude, profusion, ton, volume, wealth
[反] bit, glimmer, handful, hint, little, mite, nip, ounce, peanuts, pittance, spot, sprinkle, trace 少量
【考法2】v.(不情愿地)小口咬:to eat reluctantly and in small bites
[例] Fashion models never really eat: they just peck at small meals in expensive restaurants. 时装模特们几乎不吃东西——他们只是随便咬一口昂贵餐厅里的食物。
[近] bite, nibble, sip, tipple
[反] devour, gobble, gorge, guzzle, quaff, swill 贪婪地吃喝,大口吃喝
symbol: [pek]
zhuji3000: 【记】 pick的变体, (bird) pick (food), 鸡啄食物 → v. (不情愿地) 小口咬
[注] peck还有“n. 大量”的含义,源于peck表示的体积单位 (2加仑)
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position: (18, 1)

正面: pedagogue
definition: 【考法】n. 教育者,老师:a person whose occupation is to give formal instruction in a school
[例] a boring pedagogue who is called“PPT reader”一个被戏称为“幻灯片朗读机”的无聊老师
[近] educator, instructor, preceptor, teacher
[反] disciple, pupil, student 弟子,学生
symbol: ['pedəgɑ:g]
zhuji: 【记】ped小孩，agog对…很有兴趣，ue：对小孩有兴趣－教师
zhuji3000: 【根】 ped [儿童] + ag [lead] + og + -ue [n.], lead children → n. 教育者,老师
【联】 pedagogical [a. 教学的;教师的]
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position: (18, 1)

正面: pedant
definition: 【考法】n. 书呆子,墨守成规之人:one who pays undue attention to book learning and formal rules
[例] He is a perfect type of pedant. 他是个十足的书呆子。
[近] doctrinaire, dogmatist
symbol: ['pednt]
zhuji: 【记】ped脚，ant蚂蚁：用脚踩到了蚂蚁，因为走路看书不看路－书呆子
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position: (18, 1)

正面: predestine
definition: 【考法】vt. 预先注定:to determine the fate of in advance
[例] Our victory in the tournament was seemingly predestined. 我们在锦标赛中的胜利似乎是注定了的。
[近] doom, fate, foredoom, foreordain, ordain, predestine, predetermine, preordain
[派] predestination n. 命中注定
symbol: [ˌpri:'destɪn]
zhuji: 【记】pre前，destine（v 注定）－提前注定
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position: (18, 1)

正面: pedestrian
definition: 【考法1】n. 行人:a person traveling on foot
[例] a lane reserved for pedestrians 行人专用道
[近] footer, walker
[反] rider 骑手
【考法2】adj. 平庸无奇的,令人厌倦的:causing weariness, restlessness, or lack of interest
[例] His style is so pedestrian that the book becomes a real bore. 他的风格是如此平庸,整本书显得非常无聊。
[近] arid, dreary, dull, flat, jading, jejune, monochromatic, monotonous, stale, stodgy, tedious, wearisome
[反] absorbing, engaging, engrossing, gripping, interesting, intriguing, involving, riveting 吸引人的
symbol: [pə'destriən]
zhuji: 【记】ped脚，es，trian火车：用脚走路和坐火车－庸俗的
zhuji3000: 【根】 ped [foot] + -estrian [n.&a.], 用脚走路的人 → n.行人;像路上的行人 (那么多,那么普通) 的 → a. 平庸无奇的,令人厌倦的
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position: (18, 1)

正面: peep
definition: 【考法1】n. 一瞥:a brief and sometimes furtive look
[例] take a peep at the new neighbors偷偷瞄了新邻居一眼
[近] gander, glance, glimpse, peek
【考法2】n. 轻声:a slight sound or utterance
[例] I haven't heard a peep out of the children for an hour. 我已经一个小时没听到孩子们的声音了。
[近] mumble, murmur, mutter, twitter, whisper
[反] clamor, noise, outcry, roar 喧哗,吵闹
symbol: [pi:p]
zhuji: 【记】ee与眼睛有关
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position: (18, 2)

正面: peer
definition: 【考法1】n. 同等地位的人,同辈:a person who has equal standing with others
[例] stand out among peers 在同辈当中很出众
[近] coequal, compeer, coordinate, counterpart, equivalent, fellow, match, parallel
[反] inferior 地位更低的人;superior 地位更高的人
[派] peerless adj. 无与伦比的,不可比拟的
【考法2】vi. 好奇地凝视:to look narrowly or curiously
[例] peer at the variety of marine life in the aquarium's huge tank 好奇地注视着巨大水族箱中丰富多样的海洋生物
[近] blink, gape, gawk, gaze, goggle, rubberneck, stare
[反] glance, glimpse 投去一瞥
symbol: [pɪr]
zhuji: 【记】ee与眼睛有关"
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position: (18, 2)

正面: peeve
definition: 【考法】vt. 打扰,惹恼:to disturb the peace of mind of(someone)especially by repeated disagreeable acts
[例] be constantly peeved by his affected flattery 总是被他做作的谄媚所惹恼
[近] aggravate, annoy, bother, exasperate, frost, gall, irk, nettle, pique, rile, ruffle, vex
[反] becalm, compose, lull, lullaby, quiet, salve, settle, soothe, still, tranquilize 使镇定
[派] peevish adj. 易怒的,脾气不好的
symbol: [pi:v]
zhuji: 【记】是peevish的逆构词，peevish读“劈为尸体”－易怒的
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position: (18, 2)

正面: pejorative
definition: 【考法】adj. 轻蔑的,贬低的:disparaging; belittling
[例] I agree that I am ambitious, and I don't see it as a pejorative term. 我承认我“雄心勃勃”,但我并不认为这是一个贬义词。
[近] belittling, contemptuous, degrading, deprecatory, depreciative, derogative, disdainful, disparaging, scornful
[反] commendatory, complimentary, laudatory 赞美的
symbol: [pɪ'ʤɔ:rətɪv]
zhuji: 【记】pe破，j，ora说，tive用在人身上表示过分－说破话－贬低的
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position: (18, 2)

正面: pellucid
definition: 【考法1】adj. 透明的:admitting the passage of light
[例] pellucid spring water 清澈透明的泉水
[近] crystal, crystalline, limpid, liquid, lucent, transparent
[反] opaque 不透明的
【考法2】adj. 清晰明确的,易懂的:transparently clear in style or meaning
[例] Her poetry has a pellucid simplicity that betrays none of the sweat that went into writing it. 她的诗歌风格十分清新简约,丝毫没有体现出她为此付出的汗水。
[近] apparent, distinct, evident, lucid, manifest, obvious, palpable, patent, perspicuous, plain, straightforward
[反] clouded, cryptic, enigmatic, indistinct, mysterious, obfuscated, obscure 模糊难懂的
symbol: [pə'lu:sɪd]
zhuji: 【记】源于：lucid（adj 明晰的）
zhuji3000: 【根】 pel [per-, through] + luc [light, clear] + -id [a.], light through, (可) 透过光 → a. 透明的;thoroughly clear → a. 清晰明确的,易懂的
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position: (18, 2)

正面: pen
definition: 【考法1】n. 监狱:a place of confinement for persons held in lawful custody
[例] He spent six years in a federal pen. 他在联邦监狱中度过了六年。
[近] bastille, coop, jail, prison, stockade
【考法2】vt. 关押,监禁:to close or shut in by or as if by barriers
[例] Remember to pen up the dogs when visitors come over. 客人来的时候别忘了把狗给关起来。
[近] box, encage, encase, envelop, fence, hedge, immure, include, wall
[反] release 释放;enfranchise, free, liberate, set free 使自由
symbol: [pen]
zhuji: 【记】源于pen鹅毛笔－雌天鹅
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position: (18, 2)

正面: penalty
definition: 【考法】n.(对罪行的)处罚:a punishment established by law or authority for a crime or offense
[例] The maximum penalty is 7 years' imprisonment. 最为严厉的惩罚是七年的有期徒刑。
[近] fine, forfeit, punishment, retribution
[反] honor, reward 奖励
[派] penalize vt. 对…惩罚
symbol: ['penəlti]
zhuji: 【记】penal（adj 刑事的）；penance（n 忏悔；自罚；v 使…以苦行赎罪）
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position: (18, 2)

正面: penchant
definition: 【考法】n. 嗜好,迷恋:a strong and continued inclination
[例] a penchant for Champaign 非常喜爱香槟
[近] affection, bias, disposition, leaning, partiality, predilection, predisposition, proclivity, propensity, tendency
[反] aversion, disfavor, disinclination, dislike, distaste, loathing, repugnance, repulsion [反]感
symbol: ['pent∫ənt]
zhuji: 【记】pench＝pend挂，ant蚂蚁－把蚂蚁挂起来看－特别爱好
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position: (18, 2)

正面: penitent
definition: 【考法】adj. 悔过的:feeling or expressing humble or regretful pain or sorrow for sins or offenses
[例] a penitent businessman who had come to ask for forgiveness 一个来寻求宽恕的决定悔过自新的商人
[近] apologetic, compunctious, regretful, remorseful, repentant, rueful, sorry
[反] impenitent, remorseless, unapologetic, unrepentant 不知悔改的
symbol: ['penɪtənt]
zhuji: 【记】pen笔，it他，ent结束－他用笔把自己扎结束了－后悔
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position: (18, 2)

正面: pensive
definition: 【考法】adj. 沉思的,(尤指)哀思的:given to or marked by long, quiet and often musingly sad thinking
[例] Rainy days often put her in a pensive mood. 雨天总是让她陷入深深的思考之中。
[近] broody, cogitative, meditative, melancholy, musing, reflective, ruminant, ruminative, thoughtful
[反] mindless, thoughtless, unreflective 不加思考的
symbol: ['pensɪv]
zhuji: 【记】pen笔，sive过分：用笔过分扎自己－忧心忡忡的pen＝pend挂，sive过分：什么事都挂在心上－沉思的
zhuji3000: 【根】 pens [hang, weigh] + -ive [a.], 将东西挂在秤上,以称重、权衡 → a. 沉思的,(尤指) 哀思的
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position: (18, 2)

正面: penury
definition: 【考法1】n. 贫穷:extreme dearth; barrenness or insufficiency
[例] Some have pessimistically regarded the higher education in China as an invisible and irresistible path to penury. 有人悲观地把中国的高等教育看作一条通往贫穷的通道——无形但不可抗拒。
[近] destitution, impecuniosity, impoverishment, indigence, neediness, poorness, poverty, want
[反] affluence, opulence, richness, wealth 富裕
【考法2】n. 吝啬,节俭:extreme and often niggardly frugality
[例] They bitterly complained about their father's penury. 他们哀怨地抱怨父亲的节俭。
[近] closeness, miserliness, niggardliness, parsimony, penuriousness, stinginess, tightfistedness, tightness
[反] generosity, largesse, munificence, openhandedness, philanthropy 慷慨的
[派] penurious adj. 贫穷的;吝啬的
symbol: ['penjəri]
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position: (18, 3)

正面: perambulate
definition: 【考法】v. 徒步穿越,走过:to travel over or through especially on foot for exercise or pleasure
[例] We decided to lazily perambulate the entire length of the esplanade and enjoy the fresh air. 我们决定悠哉地徒步走过滨海大道,享受清新的空气。
[近] amble, cross, go, navigate, pass, peregrinate, proceed, ramble, transit, travel, traverse
symbol: [pə'ræmbjuleɪt]
zhuji: 【记】per向西面八方，ambul走，ate－向西面八方走－巡视；四处走动
zhuji3000: 【根】 per- [through] + amb [wander] + ul + -ate [v.], wander through → v. 徒步穿越,走过
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position: (18, 3)

正面: perceptible
definition: 【考法】adj. 可察觉的:capable of being perceived especially by the senses
[例] You should be able to note a perceptible temperature change when you add the second reagents. 当你加入第二种试剂的时候,你应该能够察觉到明显的温度变化。
[近] appreciable, apprehensible, detectable, discernible, distinguishable, palpable, sensible
[反] impalpable, imperceptible, inappreciable, indistinguishable, insensible, undetectable 不能感知的
symbol: [pər'septəbl]
zhuji: 【记】per表面，cept拿，ible：表面能拿住－感觉到的
zhuji3000: 【根】 per- [thoroughly] + cept [take] + -ible [a., able], (of sth.) able to be taken thoroughly → a. 可察觉的
【联】 perceive [v. 察觉]
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position: (18, 3)

正面: peremptory
definition: 【考法1】adj. 不容反抗的:not allowing contradiction or refusal; imperative
[例] a peremptory order from the general 将军下达的不容反抗的命令
[近] compulsory, forced, imperative, incumbent, involuntary, obligatory, required
[反] elective, optional, voluntary 可选择的
【考法2】adj. 爱发号施令的:fond of ordering people around
[例] The peremptory secretary began telling the crowd of reporters and photographers exactly where they had to stand. 爱发号施令的秘书开始部署记者和摄影师们应该站在哪里了。
[近] authoritarian, despotic, dictatorial, domineering, imperious, masterful, overbearing, tyrannical, tyrannous
【考法3】adj. 傲慢的:having a feeling of superiority that shows itself in an overbearing attitude
[例] She had such a peremptory approach to running the club that people started to avoid her. 她用一种如此傲慢自大的方式来管理俱乐部,令大家纷纷开始躲避她。
[近] assumptive, bumptious, haughty, imperious, lofty, pompous, presumptuous, pretentious, supercilious
[反] humble, lowly, modest 谦逊的
symbol: [pə'remptəri]
zhuji: 【记】per向四面八方，emptory＝empty（adj 空的）－把反对的人全部清空－专横的
zhuji3000: 【根】 per- [thoroughly] + empt [take] + -ory [a.], 要求别人全盘接受 → a. 不容反抗的;喜欢要求的 → a. 爱发号施令的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (18, 3)

正面: perfervid
definition: 【考法】adj. 非常热情的:marked by overwrought or exaggerated emotion: excessively fervent
[例] perfervid love letter 热情洋溢的情书
[近] ardent, demonstrative, emotional, fervid, feverish, impassioned, passionate, torrid, vehement, warm
[反] cold, cool, detached, dispassionate, emotionless, impassive, unemotional 冷漠的
symbol: [pər 'fɜ:rvɪd]
zhuji: 【记】per全部，fervid（adj 热的；热心的）－极端或过分热心的
zhuji3000: 【根】 per- [thoroughly] + ferv [hot] + -id [a.], thoroughly hot, very fervid → a. 非常热情的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (18, 3)

正面: perfidy
definition: 【考法】n. 不忠,背信弃义:an act or an instance of disloyalty
[例] As loyalty unites lovers, so perfidy estranges friends. 忠诚是爱情的纽带,欺诈是友谊的敌人。
[近] backstabbing, disloyalty, infidelity, sellout, treachery, unfaithfulness, double cross
[反] allegiance, devotion, faithfulness, fidelity, loyalty, staunchness, steadfastness 忠诚
[派] perfidious adj. 不忠诚的
symbol: ['pɜ:rfədi]
zhuji3000: 【根】 per- [through] + fid [trust] + -y [n.], “穿越,跨过”别人的信任 → n. 不忠,背信弃义
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (18, 3)

正面: perforate
definition: 【考法】v. 打孔,穿透:to make a hole through
[例] perforate with a pin 用针穿孔
[近] bore, drill, hole, pierce, punch, puncture, riddle
symbol: ['pɜ:rfəreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】per全部，forate＝pierce刺穿－打洞per全部，for为了，ate吃：在饼干上打一排孔就容易掰开，这全部是为了方便吃。
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (18, 3)

正面: perfunctory
definition: 【考法1】adj. 例行公事的,敷衍的:characterized by routine or superficiality and often done merely as a duty
[例] His colleague gave his usual perfunctory nod. 他的同事[例]行公事地向他随便点了个头。
[近] automatic, cursory, mechanical, superficial
【考法2】adj. 不感兴趣的:lacking in interest or enthusiasm
[例] She gave the list only a perfunctory glance. 她无所谓地随便瞅了名单一眼。
[近] apathetic, casual, disinterested, incurious, indifferent, insouciant, nonchalant, pococurante, unconcerned
[反] concerned, interested 感兴趣的
symbol: [pər'fʌŋktəri]
zhuji: 【记】per表面，funct功能，ory－表面上有功能－马虎敷衍的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (18, 3)

正面: perimeter
definition: 【考法】n. 边界,界限:the line or relatively narrow space that marks the outer limit of something
[例] soldiers guarding the perimeter of the camp 守卫着营地边界的士兵
[近] borderline, bound, boundary, circumference, confines, edge, frame, fringe, margin, periphery, skirt, verge
[反] center, core, heart, kernel 核心
symbol: [pə'rɪmɪtər]
zhuji: 【记】peri周围，meter测量－测量周围的长度
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position: (18, 3)

正面: periodical
definition: 【考法1】n. 期刊:a publication that appears at regular intervals
[例] subscribe to three new periodicals 订阅三份新的期刊
[近] book, magazine, newspaper, paper, review, serial
【考法2】adj. 周期性的,有固定间隔的:occurring or recurring at regular intervals
[例] periodical announcements from airline personnel concerning the delay 航空公司工作人员关于延误所进行的一遍又一遍的广播
[近] continual, periodic, recurrent, recurring
[反] constant, continuous, incessant, unceasing 持续不断的
symbol: [ˌpɪri'ɑ:dɪkl]
zhuji: 【记】periodic（adj 周期循环往复的）；period（n 时期；周期）
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position: (18, 3)

正面: peripatetic
definition: 【考法】adj. 巡游的,四处游历的:walking about or from place to place
[例] peripatetic preachers四处游历的传教士
[近] ambulant, errant, nomadic, perambulatory, peregrine, vagabond, wandering
[反] sedentary, settled 定居的
symbol: [ˌperipə'tetɪk]
zhuji: 【记】peri周围，patet走，ic－巡游的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (18, 4)

正面: peripheral
definition: 【考法1】adj. 外围的:related to, located in, or constituting an outer boundary or periphery
[例] development in the peripheral areas of megacities 大城市边缘地区的发展
[近] circumferential, marginal
[反] central 中心的;interior 内部的
【考法2】adj. 辅助性的:available to supply something extra when needed
[例] The IT consultant suggested that we update the drivers for all of the computer's peripheral devices. IT咨询师建议我们更新电脑所有外围辅助设备的驱动程序。
[近] accessorial, accessory, appurtenant, supplemental, supplementary
[反] chief, main, principal 主要的
symbol: [pə'rɪfərəl]
zhuji: 【记】peri周围
zhuji3000: 【根】 peri- [around] + pher [fer, carry] + -al [a.], (carry) around → a. 外围的;辅助性的
[注] 前缀peri- 指around, about [在…周围],例如perimeter [周长] 就是“measure (length) around”
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (18, 4)

正面: perish
definition: 【考法】vi. 死亡,消亡:to become destroyed or ruined: cease to exist
[例] Thrive in calamity and perish in soft living. 生于忧患,死于安乐。‖adapt or perish 适应或是消亡
[近] decease, demise, die, end, expire, succumb, pass away
[反] breathe, live, survive 活着,存活
symbol: ['perɪ∫]
zhuji: 【记】pe破，rish读：瑞士－瑞士是生活的地方，但破瑞士就不一样了，是死人的地方。
zhuji3000: 【联】 (使 [-ish] ) 危险 [peril] → v. 死亡,消亡
【派】 imperishable [a. 不能被摧毁的;不朽的,永恒的]
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position: (18, 4)

正面: permanent
definition: 【考法】adj. 永恒的:continuing or enduring without fundamental or marked change; lasting forever
[例] A temporary compromise has been accepted until a more permanent solution can be agreed upon. 在更为持久的决案被通过之前,一个暂时性的妥协方案被接受了。
[近] ceaseless, dateless, deathless, endless, eternal, immortal, perpetual, undying, unending
[反] ephemeral, evanescent, transient, transitory 稍瞬即逝的;provisional, temporary 暂时性的
[派] permanence n. 永恒
symbol: ['pɜ:rmənənt]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (18, 4)

正面: permeable
definition: 【考法】adj. 可渗透的:capable of being permeated or penetrated, especially by liquids or gases
[例] a permeable fabric that allows your body heat to escape 一种能使身体热量耗散的透气纤维
[近] passable, penetrable, pervious, porous
[反] waterproof 防水的;impassable, impenetrable, impervious, impermeable 不能渗透的
symbol: ['pɜ:rmiəbl]
zhuji: 【记】per读：泼，me，able－能泼我的－可渗透的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (18, 4)

正面: pernicious
definition: 【考法】adj. 有害的:highly injurious or destructive
[例] Business may be troublesome but idleness is pernicious. 工作烦人,懒散害人。
[近] adverse, baleful, damaging, deleterious, detrimental, hurtful, injurious, mischievous, nocuous, noxious
[反] anodyne, benign, harmless, innocent, innocuous, inoffensive, safe 温和的,无害的
symbol: [pər'nɪ∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】per全部，nic毒，暴亡，ious－全部暴亡－致命的
zhuji3000: 【根】 per- [thoroughly] + nic [noc, hurt] + - (i) ous [a.], thoroughly hurtful → a. 有害的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (18, 4)

正面: peroration
definition: 【考法1】n.(演讲的)结束语:the concluding part of a discourse and especially an oration
[例] He summarized his main points in his peroration. 他在结束语中总结了自己的主要观点。
[近] coda, conclusion, denouement, epilogue, finale
[反] foreword, prelude, preface, prologue, overture 前言,序曲
【考法2】n.(正式的)演讲,致辞:a usually formal discourse delivered to an audience
[例] a peroration celebrating the nation's long tradition of religious tolerance and pluralism 为庆祝该国长期以来的宗教包容力和宗教多元化所做的一个演讲
[近] address, declamation, harangue, oration, speech, talk
symbol: [ˌperə'reɪ∫n]
zhuji: 【记】per全部，oration演讲－对演讲全部总结一下－结束语
zhuji3000: 【根】 per- [through] + oration [speech], a speech through (sth.) → n. (正式的) 演讲,致辞;(get) through a speech, 结束演讲 → n. (演讲的) 结束语
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (18, 4)

正面: perpetual
definition: 【考法】adj. 永恒的,不断的:continuing forever: everlasting
[例] perpetual motion machine 永动机
[近] ceaseless, dateless, deathless, endless, eternal, immortal, undying, unending
[反] ephemeral, evanescent, transient, transitory 稍纵即逝的;provisional, temporary 暂时性的
[派] perpetuate vt. 使永恒
symbol: [pər'pet∫uəl]
zhuji: 【记】per全部，pet宠物，ual：全部宠物都是我们永远的朋友－永远的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (18, 4)

正面: persecute
definition: 【考法】vt. 迫害,折磨:to cause persistent suffering to
[例] people who were persecuted simply for practicing their religious faith 因为实践宗教信仰而惨遭迫害的人
[近] agonize, anguish, curse, excruciate, harrow, plague, rack, torment, torture
[派] persecution n. 迫害
symbol: ['pɜ:rsɪkju:t]
zhuji: 【记】per全部，secu＝sequ跟随，te：全部跟着你，迫害你
zhuji3000: 【记】 per- [through] + secu [follow] + - (a) te [v.], follow through, 时刻跟着…,限制自由行动 (例如监禁) → vt. 迫害,折磨
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (18, 4)

正面: persevere
definition: 【考法】vi. 坚持不懈,不屈不挠:to persist in or remain constant to a purpose, idea, or task in the face of obstacles or discouragement
[例] Although he was frustrated by the lack of financial resources and support, he persevered in his scientific research. 尽管因为资金不足而受阻,但他仍坚持进行科学研究。
[近] carry on, endure, persist
[反] renounce, succumb, surrender, yield 放弃,屈服
[派] perseverance n. 坚持不懈
symbol: [ˌpɜ:rsə'vɪr]
zhuji: 【记】per全部，severe严重的－在严重的情况下坚持－坚忍不拔
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (18, 4)

正面: persiflage
definition: 【考法】n. 打趣:good-natured teasing or exchanging of clever remarks
[例] Their tongue-in-cheek persiflage is sometimes mistaken for an exchange of insults by people who don't know them. 他们半开玩笑的打趣有时候被不认识他们的人误认为是在互相对骂。
[近] backchat, badinage, chaff, jesting, joshing, raillery, repartee
symbol: ['pɜ:rsɪflɑ:ʒ]
zhuji: 【记】per全部，si死，flag旗子，e：全部死在国旗下，因为受到挖苦。
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (18, 5)

正面: persistence
definition: 【考法】n. 坚持,持续:uninterrupted or lasting existence
[例] The persistence of the fever for a week caused me great worry. 持续一周的发烧让我很不安。
[近] ceaselessness, continuance, continuity, durability, endurance, subsistence
[反] cessation, close, end, expiration, finish, stoppage, surcease, termination 停止
[派] persistent adj. 持续不断的
symbol: [pər'sɪstəns]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (18, 5)

正面: personable
definition: 【考法】adj. 风度翩翩的,吸引人的:pleasing in personality or appearance; attractive
[例] apparently be attracted by a personable young man 明显被一位风度翩翩的少年迷住了
[近] alluring, appealing, attractive, captivating, charismatic, charming, comely, enchanting, handsome, pretty
[反] grotesque, hideous, ugly 丑陋的;homely 相貌平庸的
symbol: ['pɜ:rsənəbl]
zhuji: 【记】长得像person的－气宇不凡的
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position: (18, 5)

正面: perspicacious
definition: 【考法】adj. 极敏锐的,有洞察力的:having or showing penetrating mental discernment; clear-sighted
[例] an impartial and perspicacious judge 一个明镜高悬(公正而极具洞察力)的法官
[近] astute, savvy, sharp, sharp-witted, shrewd, smart
[反] ignorant, oblivious, unknowing 未察觉的,无知的
[派] perspicacity n. 敏锐,洞察力
symbol: [ˌpɜ:rspɪ'keɪ∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】per全部，spic看，acious：全部都看到－独具慧眼的
zhuji3000: 【根】 per [through] + spic [spect, look] + -acious [a.], look through, 看得透彻 → a. 极敏锐的,有洞察力的
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position: (18, 5)

正面: perspicuity
definition: 【考法】n. 清晰明了:the quality of being perspicuous; clearness and lucidity
[例] The key of modern enterprise system is the prespicuity of property right. 现代企业制度的核心是产权的明晰。
[近] clarity, clearness, explicitness, lucidity, lucidness, perspicuousness
[反] obscureness, obscurity, unclarity 模糊不清;ambiguity 模棱两可
symbol: [ˌpɜ:rspɪ'kjʊ:əti]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (18, 5)

正面: pertain
definition: 【考法】vi. 有关联:to have a relation or connection; relate
[例] new evidence that pertains to the accident 与事故相关的新证据
[近] appertain, bear, concern, refer, relate
[派] pertaining adj. 有关系的
symbol: [pər'teɪn]
zhuji: 【记】per全部，tain拿住－全部拿住－有关系
zhuji3000: 【根】 per- [through] + tain [hold], hold through, 始终持有 → 属于;由属于引申出“vi. 有关联” (“属于”是“有关联”的一种) 及“适合”两层含义
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (18, 5)

正面: pertinacious
definition: 【考法】adj. 顽固的,固执地坚持的:sticking to an opinion, purpose, or course of action in spite of reason, arguments, or persuasion
[例] The pertinacious boy won't stop crying unless his desire is satisfied. 这个固执的男孩在愿望没有满足的情况下是不会停止哭泣的。
[近] adamant, headstrong, implacable, inflexible, intransigent, mulish, obdurate, perverse, stubborn, willful
[反] compliant, flexible, pliable, pliant, yielding 容易受影响的,容易控制的
symbol: [ˌpɜ:rtn'eɪ∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】per始终，tin拿，acious－始终拿住自己的东西－顽固的
zhuji3000: 【根】 per- [thoroughly] + tin [hold] + -acious [a., 程度深], 紧紧抓住 → a. 顽固的,固执地坚持的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (18, 5)

正面: pertinent
definition: 【考法】adj. 相关的,恰当的:having a clear decisive relevance to the matter in hand
[例] He impressed the jury with his concise, pertinent answers to the attorney's questions. 他对律师提出的问题给予了简洁而恰当的回答,这给陪审团留下了深刻的印象。
[近] applicable, apposite, apropos, germane, material, pointed, relative, relevant
[反] extraneous, immaterial, impertinent, inapplicable, inapposite, irrelevant, pointless 无关的
[派] pertinence n. 相关,恰当
symbol: ['pɜ:rtnənt]
zhuji: 【记】per全部，tin＝tain拿住，ent－有关系
zhuji3000: 【根】 per- [through] + tin [hold] + -ent [a.], hold through, pertain → a. 相关的,恰当的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (18, 5)

正面: perturb
definition: 【考法】vt. 使扰乱,使烦躁不安:to trouble the mind of; to make uneasy
[例] The naughty boy perturbed me enough to keep me awake that night. 那个捣蛋的男孩让我烦躁到当晚失眠。
[近] agitate, ail, bother, discomfort, discompose, distress, unsettle, upset
[反] calm, compose, quiet, settle, soothe, tranquilize使镇定
[派] perturbation n. 打扰,扰乱
symbol: [pər'tɜ:rb]
zhuji3000: 【根】 per- [through] + turb [disturb], disturb through, (从中) 搅乱 → vt. 使扰乱,使烦躁不安
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (18, 5)

正面: peruse
definition: 【考法】vt. 细读:to read or examine, typically with great care
[例] peruse the manuscript to check for grammatical errors 细读手稿以检查语法错误
[近] examine, scrutinize
[反] glance, glimpse, scan, skim 一瞥,迅速浏览
symbol: [pə'ru:z]
zhuji: 【记】per全部，use用－用全部字典读书－细读
zhuji3000: 【记】 per- [thoroughly] + use [v.], use (a book) thoroughly → vt. 细读
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (18, 5)

正面: pervade
definition: 【考法】vt. 弥漫,充满:to be present throughout; permeate
[例] The mixed smell of sawdust and glue pervaded the whole factory. 锯末与胶水的味道弥漫了整个工厂。the corruption that pervades every stratum of society 充斥在社会每个阶层中的腐败
[近] interpenetrate, percolate, riddle, suffuse, transfuse
[派] pervasive adj. 弥漫的
symbol: [pər'veɪd]
zhuji3000: 【根】 per- [through] + vad [go] + -e [v.], go through, 遍布 → vt. 弥漫,充满
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position: (18, 6)

正面: pessimistic
definition: 【考法】adj. 悲观的:tending to stress the negative or unfavorable or to take the gloomiest possible view
[例] With that pessimistic attitude, it's no wonder you're depressed. 你的人生观如此悲观,难怪你会感到压抑。
[近] bearish, defeatist, despairing, downbeat, hopeless
[反] optimistic 乐观的
[派] pessimism n. 悲观主义
symbol: [ˌpesɪ'mɪstɪk]
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position: (18, 6)

正面: petition
definition: 【考法1】n. 请愿,正式的申请;申请书:a solemn supplication or request to a superior authority; an entreaty
[例] a petition for divorce 离婚申请书
[近] appeal, cry, entreaty, pleading, solicitation, supplication
【考法2】v.(尤指正式地)请求:to make a request, especially a formal written one
[例] She is petitioning to regain custody of the child. 为了重新获得孩子的监护权,她提出了正式申请。
[近] adj.re, beseech, conjure, entreat, impetrate, implore, importune, plead, solicit, supplicate
[派] petitioner n. 申请人,请愿者
symbol: [pə'tɪ∫n]
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position: (18, 6)

正面: petrify
definition: 【考法】vt. 使僵化,使失去活力:to cause to become stiff or stone-like; deaden
[例] Pressure from family has petrified his once innovative mind. 家庭的压力使他的头脑失去了往日的创造力。
[近] damp, dampen, deaden, devitalize, enervate, lobotomize, ossify
[反] brace, energize, enliven, invigorate, quicken, stimulate, vitalize, vivify 使有活力
[派] petrification n. 石化,僵化
symbol: ['petrɪfaɪ]
zhuji: 【记】petr石头，ify…化－石化；
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position: (18, 6)

正面: petty
definition: 【考法】adj. 细微的,不重要的:of small importance; trivial
[例] play petty tricks 耍小聪明
[近] inconsequential, inconsiderable, insignificant, measly, minute, paltry, peanut, slight, trifling, trivial
[反] consequential, considerable, important, material, momentous, significant 重大的,重要的
symbol: ['peti]
zhuji: 【记】pet宠物，ty小－小宠物－不重要的；ky结尾一般有小的意思
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position: (18, 6)

正面: phenomenal
definition: 【考法】adj. 不寻常的,非凡的:being out of the ordinary; extraordinary; outstanding
[例] the phenomenal growth that the suburb has experienced over the last decade 过去十年间郊区所经历的令人称奇的快速发展
[近] especial, exceptional, extraordinary, peculiar, preternatural, rare, singular, uncommon, unusual
[反] common, normal, ordinary, typical 普通的,典型的
symbol: [fə'nɑ:mɪnl]
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position: (18, 6)

正面: philanthropic
definition: 【考法】adj. 博爱的,为他人着想的:having or showing a concern for the welfare of others
[例] the philanthropic aims of the organization 这个机构的博爱、利他的目标
[近] altruistic, beneficent, benevolent, eleemosynary, good, humanitarian
[反] misanthropic [反]人类的;selfish 自私的
[派] philanthropist n. 博爱的人
symbol: [ˌfɪlən'θrɑ:pɪk]
zhuji: 【记】phil喜欢，anthrop人类，ic－博爱的phil喜欢，ant蚂蚁，hropic－连蚂蚁都喜欢－博爱的
zhuji3000: 【根】 phil [love] + anthrop [mankind] + -ic [a.], 爱人类的 → a. 博爱的,为他人着想的
[注] 词根phil表示love [爱],例如philosophy [哲学],字面含义是“热爱 [phil] 智慧 [soph]”。Ph.D [博士 (学位)] 是“Doctor of Philosophy”的缩写,这个学位奖给“追逐真理、热爱智慧之人”,而不是特指的“哲学博士”。
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position: (18, 6)

正面: philistine
definition: 【考法】n. 市侩(注重物质而鄙视智慧或艺术的人):a person who is guided by materialism and is usually disdainful of intellectual or artistic values
[例] The philistine's critics sometime limit artists' imagine. 市侩之人的批评有时会限制艺术家的想象力。
[近] lowbrow, materialist
[反] highbrow 文化修养高的人
symbol: ['fɪlɪsti:n]
zhuji: 【记】源于非利士人，自以为是、愚昧无知的人
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position: (18, 6)

正面: phlegmatic
definition: 【考法】adj. 冷静的,无感情的,淡漠的:having or suggesting a calm, sluggish temperament; unemotional
[例] a strangely phlegmatic response to what should have been happy news 对本该是一个让人开心的新闻的冷漠回应
[近] affectless, apathetic, cold-blooded, emotionless, impassible, numb, stoic, stolid
[反] demonstrative, emotional, fervent, fervid, impassioned, passionate, vehement 感情丰富的,热情的
symbol: [fleg'mætɪk]
zhuji: 【记】ph读：腐，leg，mat，ic：腐烂的腿在席子上流脓－含痰的－西方人认为痰多的人不易动感情－冷淡的
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position: (18, 6)

正面: piddling
definition: 【考法】adj. 微不足道的:so trifling or trivial as to be beneath one's consideration
[例] raise a piddling objection to the plan 对计划提出一个微不足道的反对
[近] inconsequential, inconsiderable, insignificant, measly, minute, paltry, peanut, slight, trifling, trivial
[反] consequential, considerable, important, material, momentous, significant 重大的,重要的
symbol: ['pɪdlɪŋ]
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position: (18, 6)

正面: piebald
definition: 【考法1】adj. 杂色的:of different colors
[例] a piebald horse 一匹杂色马
[近] blotched, dappled, marbled, mottled, splotched, spotted
[反] monochromatic 单色的
【考法2】adj. 混合的,杂糅而成的:consisting of many things of different sorts
[例] his piebald ethnic background 他身为混血儿的背景
[近] assorted, eclectic, heterogeneous, hybrid, magpie, mixed, motley, promiscuous, varied
[反] homogeneous 由相同类型事物组成的
symbol: ['paɪbɔ:ld]
zhuji: 【记】pie派，馅饼，bald光秃的：意大利馅饼露出来了－斑驳的
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position: (18, 7)

正面: pigment
definition: 【考法1】n. 颜料:a substance that imparts black or white or a color to other materials
[例] natural red pigment 天然红色染料
[近] colorant, dye, stain
【考法2】vt. 给…上颜色:to color with or as if with pigment
[例] pigmented silk 染过色的丝绸
[近] paint, stain, tincture, tinge, tint
[反] blanch 漂白;decolorize 使脱色
symbol: ['pɪgmənt]
zhuji: 【记】pig猪，ment＝meat肉－猪肉是粉色的－干粉颜料
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position: (18, 7)

正面: pilfer
definition: 【考法】vt. 偷窃:to steal stealthily in small amounts
[例] pilfer the commercial document 偷窃商业文件
[近] appropriate, filch, hook, lift, pinch, purloin, steal, thieve
symbol: ['pɪlfər]
zhuji: 【记】pelf赃物，战利品pil＝pill（n 药丸），fer带来：偷药丸－小偷小摸
zhuji3000: 【联】 shoplifter [商店扒手] 去掉前3个字母 → vi. 偷窃
【参】 pillage [n. 掠夺] , pelf [n. 不义之财]
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position: (18, 7)

正面: pillory
definition: 【考法】vt. 当众嘲弄:to expose to public contempt, ridicule, or scorn
[例] The candidate mercilessly pilloried his opponent. 候选人在大众面前无情地羞辱他的对手。‖He resigned after being pilloried by the press. 在遭到媒体嘲弄之后他愤然辞职。
[近] abase, debase, degrade, denounce, humiliate, ridicule
[反] carol, eulogize, exalt, extol, laud 赞美
symbol: ['pɪləri]
zhuji: 【记】读：劈了他－用西红柿和鸡蛋劈了他－示众惩罚
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position: (18, 7)

正面: pilot
definition: 【考法1】n. 领航员,飞行员:one employed to steer a ship
[例] a jet pilot 喷气式飞机飞行员
[近] aviator, bellwether, captain, guide, helmsman, leader, navigator
【考法2】adj. 初步的,试验性的:serving as a tentative model for future experiment or development
[例] They carried out a pilot study before the larger, more expensive project was started. 在更大规模、更为昂贵的项目开始之前,他们进行了初步研究。
[近] developmental, experimental, model, test, trial
[反] eventual, final, ultimate 最终的
【考法3】vt. 带领通过:lead or conduct over a usually difficult course
[例] The lobbyists piloted the bill through the Senate. 游说集团使法案得到参议院的批准。
[近] conduct, direct, guide, lead, route, show, steer
[反] follow 跟随
symbol: ['paɪlət]
zhuji: 【记】pi屁股，lot大：因为天天开飞机，是久坐的人（sedentary），所以屁股大－飞行员，领航员。
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position: (18, 7)

正面: pine
definition: 【考法1】vi. 渴望,奢望:to yearn intensely and persistently especially for something unattainable
[例] pine for a lost love 渴望那段逝去的爱情
[近] ache, crave, dream, hunger, itch, long, lust, repine, thirst, yearn
[反] abhor, detest, loathe 厌恶,[反]感
【考法2】vi. 因渴望而憔悴:to lose vigor, health, or flesh(as through grief)
[例] Separated by their families, the lovers pined away. 这对恋人因为被家人拆散而日益憔悴。
[近] decline, dwindle, fade, flag, languish, waste
symbol: [paɪn]
zhuji: 【记】pin大头针，e饿：饿得像大头针－消瘦；叶子像大头针－松树
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position: (18, 7)

正面: pinnacle
definition: 【考法】n. 顶峰:the highest point of development or achievement
[例] a singer who has reached the pinnacle of career 已到达事业巅峰的歌手
[近] acme, apex, climax, culmination, meridian, peak, summit, top, zenith
[反] bottom, nadir 最低点
symbol: ['pɪnəkl]
zhuji: 【记】pin大头针，nacle－像大头针一样的东西－山峰
zhuji3000: 【联】 pin (n) [针] + ac [尖] + -le [n.], 像针一样的尖 (峰) → n. 顶峰
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position: (18, 7)

正面: pinpoint
definition: 【考法1】adj. 非常精确的:located, fixed, or directed with extreme precision
[例] The commander demanded the pinpoint location of artillery fire. 指挥官需要火炮攻击的精确位置。
[近] accurate, close, delicate, exact, fine, hairline, mathematical, precise, refined, rigorous
[反] coarse, cursory, rough 粗略的;imprecise, inaccurate, inexact 不准确的
【考法2】vt. 精确定位或确认:to locate, fix, determine, or identify with precision
[例] pinpoint the target by tracking calls from his cellphone 通过跟踪手机信号精确定位目标‖pinpoint the cause of failure 准确找出失败的原因
[近] determine, distinguish, locate, identify, recognize, spot
[反] estimate 估计
symbol: ['pɪnpɔɪnt]
zhuji: 【记】pin大头针，point指出
zhuji3000: 【根】 pin [针] + point [尖] → a. 非常精确的 vt. 精确定位或确认
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position: (18, 7)

正面: piquant
definition: 【考法1】adj. 辛辣开胃的:pleasantly pungent or tart in taste
[例] a piquant sauce 开胃的酱汁
[近] peppery, poignant, salty, savory, spicy, zesty
[反] insipid, vapid, zestless 索然无味的
【考法2】adj. 令人振奋的:appealingly provocative
[例] a piquant glance 充满挑逗的一瞥
[近] exciting, pungent, racy, stimulating
[反] flat, pallid 单调的,无聊的
symbol: ['pi:kənt]
zhuji: 【记】piqu刺，ant－辛辣的piq＝pig，u像锅，ant：把猪肉和蚂蚁在锅里煮－辛辣的，开胃的
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position: (18, 7)

正面: pique
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使愤怒:to arouse anger or resentment in
[例] She was greatly piqued when they refused her invitation. 他们拒绝她的邀请让她很生气。
[近] aggravate, annoy, exasperate, infuriate, irritate, peeve, provoke, rile, roil, ruffle, vex
[反] delight, gratify, rejoice 使高兴
【考法2】vt. 激起,刺激:to excite or arouse especially by a provocation, challenge, or rebuff
[例] radical remarks that pique their curiosity 引起他们兴趣的激进评论
[近] arouse, encourage, excite, fire, impassion, incite, instigate, move, stimulate, stir
[反] allay, alleviate, assuage, ease, mitigate, mollify, palliate, relieve, soothe 平息,缓和
symbol: [pi:k]
zhuji: 【记】piqu刺－刺激得愤怒pi屁股，que缺：屁股缺了一块－生气
zhuji3000: 【根】 piq [pike] + -ue [v.], pike, 刺 → vt. 使愤怒;激起,刺激
【联】 piquant [刺激的 (褒义) → a. 辛辣开胃的;令人振奋的]
[注] pike [矛],prick [刺],peak [尖峰] 都与“刺”有关。此外pick [挑, 采] 原指鸟用“尖尖的嘴”啄 [peck] 食物
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position: (18, 8)

正面: pirate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 盗版,盗用:to take or make use of under a guise of authority but without actual right
[例] a pirated version of the software 盗版软件
[近] arrogate, commandeer, convert, expropriate, preempt, press, seize, usurp
【考法2】n. 海盗:a robber on the high seas
[例] little boys dreaming of sailing as pirates 梦想成为海盗的小男孩
[近] corsair, freebooter, rover
symbol: ['paɪrət]
zhuji: 【记】pir转，ate吃－在海上转找吃的的人－海盗；抢劫
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position: (18, 8)

正面: pithy
definition: 【考法】adj. 精练的,简洁的:precisely meaningful; forceful and brief
[例] The professor gave a pithy introduction to this course. 教授就这门课程做了简短的介绍。
[近] apothegmatic, brief, capsule, compact, compendious, concise, laconic, succinct, telegraphic, terse
[反] circuitous, circumlocutory, diffuse, rambling, prolix, verbose, windy, wordy 冗长累赘的
[派] pithiness n. 简洁,犀利
symbol: ['pɪθi]
zhuji: 【记】源于pith劈死（n 木髓，精华）
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position: (18, 8)

正面: pitiless
definition: 【考法】adj. 没有同情心的:devoid of or unmoved by pity
[例] a pitiless humiliation 毫不留情的羞辱
[近] affectless, callous, coldhearted, cruel, harsh, indurate, merciless
[反] charitable, clement, compassionate, humane, merciful, sympathetic, tender 有同情心的,仁慈的
symbol: ['pɪtiləs]
zhuji: 【记】pity（v 可怜）；参：pitiful（adj 令人同情的）
zhuji3000: 【记】 piti [pity, n. 同情,怜悯;遗憾] + less [无…] → a. 没有同情心的
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position: (18, 8)

正面: pittance
definition: 【考法】n. 少量津贴:a small portion, amount, or allowance
[例] The internship offers only a pittance for a salary, but it is a great opportunity to gain experience. 实习所能挣到的报酬是很少的,但是它提供了获得经验的绝佳机会。
[近] bit, mite, modicum, peanuts, trace
[反] cornucopia, opulence 富饶;boodle, bundle, fortune 大笔财富
symbol: ['pɪtns]
zhuji: 【记】原指：给和尚或穷人的食品施舍，引申为少量津贴。Pit一小口，tan痰，ce：朝乞丐的手里吐痰－少量的施舍－少量津贴
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position: (18, 8)

正面: placate
definition: 【考法】vt.(通过让步以)平息抚慰:to lessen the anger or agitation of
[例] The colonists implemented a new policy to placate local opposition. 殖民者采取了一项新政策以缓和当地的反抗情绪。
[近] appease, assuage, conciliate, mollify, pacify, propitiate, tranquilize
[反] anger, enrage, foment, gall, incense, inflame, infuriate, peeve, rile 激怒,使气恼
[派] placation n. 安抚
symbol: ['pleɪkeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】plac平静，ate－使平静－平息（怒火）
zhuji3000: 【根】 plac [please] + -ate [v.], please → vt. (通过让步以) 平息抚慰
【联】 形近近义词pacify [v.使平静, 安慰] (字面含义“make [-ify] in peace [pac]”)
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position: (18, 8)

正面: placebo
definition: 【考法】n. 安慰性的事物:something of no intrinsic remedial value that is used to appease or reassure another
[例] Candies are often adopted as the placebo for the dying patients. 糖果通常作为安慰剂给重症患者服用。
symbol: [plə'si:boʊ]
zhuji: 【记】place平静，安慰，bo剂－安慰剂
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position: (18, 8)

正面: plagiarize
definition: 【考法】v. 剽窃,抄袭:to steal and pass off(the ideas or words of another)as one's own
[例] In scientific community, plagiarizing other's paper is a felony. 在学术界,剽窃他人的论文是一项重罪。
[近] steal
[派] plagiarism n. 剽窃
symbol: ['pleɪʤəraɪz]
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position: (18, 8)

正面: plangent
definition: 【考法1】adj. 轰鸣的:having a loud reverberating sound
[例] The camera man was stunned by the plangent roar of wild animals. 摄影师被野生动物发出的怒号吓得不知所措。
[近] blaring, blasting, clamorous, deafening, earsplitting, resonant, resounding, sonorous, thunderous, vibrant
[反] muffled, muted 声音被减弱的;gentle, low, soft 声音轻柔的
【考法2】adj. 凄凉的,哀伤的:having an expressive and especially plaintive quality
[例] a plangent song about a long-ago love 一首关于往日爱情的凄凉歌曲
[近] doleful, dolorous, funeral, grieving, lamentable, lugubrious, plaintive, rueful, sorrowful, woeful
[反] agreeable, cheerful, delightful, enjoyable, jolly, pleasing 令人愉快的
symbol: ['plænʤənt]
zhuji: 【记】plan计划，gent读：震他－我们计划用地震震金毛狮王，他就会发出轰鸣的声音。
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position: (18, 8)

正面: plastic
definition: 【考法1】adj. 可塑的:susceptible of being modified in form or nature
[例] the plastic quality of modeling clay 模型泥的可塑性质
[近] adaptable, ductile, flexible, malleable, pliable, pliant, resilient, supple
[反] inflexible, rigid, stiff 僵硬的
[派] plasticity n. 可塑性
【考法2】adj. 虚假的,做作的:lacking in natural or spontaneous quality
[例] There's usually a plastic cordiality at these corporate events. 通常在这类公司活动上都有一种虚假的热情和友好。
[近] affected, assumed, bogus, factitious, fake, false, feigned, mock, phony, pretended, pseudo, spurious
[反] artless, genuine, natural, spontaneous, unaffected, uncontrived, unfeigned 真诚的
symbol: ['plæstɪk]
zhuji3000: 【记】 plastic [塑料], 塑料的特点 → a. 可塑的;(将事实或表达的事物) 重塑 → a. 虚假的,做作的
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position: (18, 8)

正面: plateau
definition: 【考法1】n. 高原:a usually extensive level land area raised sharply above adjacent land on at least one side
[例] Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 青藏高原
[近] highland, mesa, tableland, upland
[反] lowland 低谷;basin 盆地
【考法2】n. 稳定时期,平台期:a relatively stable level, period, or state
[例] reach a plateau of development 达到发展的稳定期
[近] equilibrium, stage, stasis
symbol: [plæ'toʊ]
zhuji: 【记】plat平；eau高一又高又平的高原
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position: (18, 9)

正面: platitude
definition: 【考法1】n. 陈词滥调:a trite or banal remark or statement, especially one expressed as if it were original or significant
[例] the platitude of most political oratory 政治说辞里的陈词滥调
[近] banality, bromide, cliché, commonplace, homily, shibboleth, truism
【考法2】n. 缺乏原创性:lack of originality
[近] triteness, staleness
[反] novelty 新颖性;originality 原创性
symbol: ['plætɪtu:d]
zhuji: 【记】plat平，itude状态－平庸的状态－陈词滥调
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position: (18, 9)

正面: plausible
definition: 【考法】adj. 看似有理的:superficially fair, reasonable, or valuable but often specious
[例] a plausible argument 看起来头头是道的说理
[近] believable, credible, likely, possible, presumable, probable
[反] paradoxical 看似矛盾的;implausible, improbable, incredible, unbelievable, unlikely 不太可能的
[派] plausibility n. 看似有理
symbol: ['plɔ:zəbl]
zhuji: 【记】plaus鼓掌，ible－值得鼓掌的－似乎合理的
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position: (18, 9)

正面: pleat
definition: 【考法】n./vt. 打褶:fold
[近] corrugate, crease, furrow, ruffle, wrinkle
[反] flatten, smooth 抹平
symbol: [pli:t]
zhuji: 【记】plea（n 恳求）t他：恳求他的时候要下跪，所以衣服就褶了。
zhuji3000: 【记】 来自词根pli → n./vt. 打褶
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position: (18, 9)

正面: plentitude
definition: 【考法】n. 大量:an ample amount or quantity; an abundance
[例] a plentitude of lumber for the current housing market 充足的家具木材供给
[近] abundance, affluence, cornucopia, myriad, plenty, profusion, stack, wealth
[反] dearth, deficiency, inadequacy, insufficiency 缺乏,匮乏;mite, peanuts, pinch, pittance, trace 少量
symbol: ['plentitu:d]
zhuji3000: 【联】 plenty → n. 大量
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position: (18, 9)

正面: plethora
definition: 【考法】n. 过量,过剩:excess, superfluity
[例] a plethora of advice and a paucity of assistance 给出大量建议而鲜有实质性援助
[近] abundance, cornucopia, feast, overabundance, overflow, plentitude, profusion, surfeit, surplus
[反] dearth, inadequacy, insufficiency, paucity, scarcity, undersupply 缺乏
[派] plethoric adj. 过量的
symbol: ['pleθərə]
zhuji: 【记】pleth满，ora说－说满了还说－过剩；多余
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position: (18, 9)

正面: pliable
definition: 【考法1】adj. 易弯曲的,柔软的:supple enough to bend freely or repeatedly without breaking
[例] pliable optical fiber 柔软的光纤
[近] adaptable, ductile, flexible, limber, plastic, supple
[反] inflexible, rigid, stiff, unbending 不易弯曲的
【考法2】adj. 易受影响的,温顺的:easily influenced, persuaded, or swayed
[例] He took advantage of the pliable mind of youth. 他利用了年轻人容易受他人教唆的特点。
[近] compliant, docile, obedient, pliant, tractable, subdued
[反] contumacious, insubordinate, intractable, obstreperous, recalcitrant, refractory, unruly 难控制的
symbol: ['plaɪəbl]
zhuji: 【记】源于：pliant＝pliable（pli＝ply弯）
zhuji3000: 【根】 pli [fold] + -able [a.], able to fold → a. 易弯曲的,柔软的;想法易弯曲变化、性格上温柔而不强硬的 → a. 易受影响的,温顺的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (18, 9)

正面: pliant
definition: 【考法1】adj. 易弯曲的:easily bent or flexed
[例] a pliant young tree 易弯曲的小树
[近] adaptable, ductile, flexible, limber, plastic, supple
[反] inflexible, rigid, stiff 不易弯曲的;unbending 难弯曲的
【考法2】adj. 顺从的:yielding readily to influence or domination
[例] She's proud and stubborn, you know, under that pliant exterior. 你知道,她外表温顺,内心却骄傲而固执。
[近] compliant, docile, obedient, pliant, tractable, subdued
[反] contumacious, insubordinate, intractable, obstreperous, recalcitrant, refractory, unruly 难控制的
symbol: ['plaɪənt]
zhuji: 【记】源于：pliant＝pliable（pli＝ply弯）plant植物是pliant的
zhuji3000: 【根】 pli [fold] + -ant [a.], fold, (易) 折叠的 → a. 易弯曲的;性格上易弯曲的 → a. 顺从的
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position: (18, 9)

正面: plight
definition: 【考法】n. 困境:a situation, especially a bad or unfortunate one
[例] He was in a plight, trying to decide whether or not to take the job. 他处在不知道是否应该接受这份工作的困境之中。
[近] dilemma, jam, predicament, quandary
symbol: [plaɪt]
zhuji: 【记】原指：带有风险的承诺或保证，引申为困境，现在又引申为订婚p破，light灯：家里有一盏破灯－困境
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position: (18, 9)

正面: plod
definition: 【考法】v. 沉重缓慢地走:to walk heavily or slowly
[例] The soldiers slowly plodded across the marsh. 士兵们慢慢走过沼泽地。
[近] tramp, trudge
[反] flit 迅速飞过;gambol 雀跃
[派] plodding adj. 走路沉重缓慢的
symbol: [plɑ:d]
zhuji: 【记】象声词：重步的声音读：p，loud（adj 高声的）－沉重的步伐走
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position: (18, 9)

正面: pluck
definition: 【考法1】n. 敢于面对困难的勇气:resourceful courage and daring in the face of difficulties
[例] full of pluck 充满了勇气
[近] backbone, courage, dauntlessness, grit, guts, resolution, spirit, spunk
[反] cowardice, coward, spinelessness 胆小,怯懦
[派] plucky adj. 勇敢的
【考法2】v. 弹奏(弦乐):to sound(the strings of an instrument)by pulling and releasing them with the fingers or a plectrum
[例] pluck the harp 弹奏竖琴
[近] play
symbol: [plʌk]
zhuji: 【记】p破，luck运气，因为被拔了毛，拔你毛的人很有勇气运气很破的人需要面对困难的勇气
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position: (18, 10)

正面: plumb
definition: 【考法1】vt. 测深度:to measure the depth of(as a body of water)typically with a weighted line
[例] We will plumb the bay to make sure it was deep enough for the huge vessel. 为了保证水深足够容纳这艘巨轮,我们将会测量海湾的深度。
[近] fathom
【考法2】adj. 垂直的:exactly vertical
[近] perpendicular, upright, vertical
[反] horizontal 水平的
【考法3】adj. 完全的,绝对的:having no exceptions or restrictions
[派] Such a movie is plumb trash and further evidence of the deterioration of popular culture. 这样的电影就是彻头彻尾的垃圾,它进一步证明了大众文化的堕落和腐化。
[近] absolute, categorical, complete, consummate, definite, pure, sheer, thorough, utter, very
[反] doubtful, dubious, equivocal, questionable, uncertain 不确定的;qualified 有条件的
【考法4】vt. 仔细深入地检查;探索,探究:to examine closely or deeply
[例] plumb the book's complexities 审阅这本书的复杂度‖questions that plumb the depths of stupidity 探究智商下限的问题
[近] explore, delve, inquire, investigate, probe
symbol: [plʌm]
zhuji: 【记】源于plumb的铅锤的意义
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position: (18, 10)

正面: plummet
definition: 【考法】vi. 突然下降:to decline suddenly and steeply
[例] Overall GPA plummeted 0.5 points. 平均学分骤降0.5。
[近] crash, decline, descend, dip, dive, fall, plunge, sink, tumble
[反] skyrocket, soar 飙升
symbol: ['plʌmɪt]
zhuji: 【记】源于plumb的铅锤的意义
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position: (18, 10)

正面: plump
definition: 【考法1】adj. 丰满的:well-rounded and full in form
[例] In Tang Dynasty, being plump was a sign of ultimate beauty. 在唐代,身材丰满是最美丽的象征。
[近] chubby, fleshy, fat, gross, obese, rotund, round
[反] lean, slender, svelte, thin 纤瘦的,苗条的;angular 因消瘦而棱角分明的
【考法2】v. 鼎力支持,赞不绝口:to give full support or praise
[例] We will plump for any candidate who supports stem cell research. 我们会鼎力支持那些拥护干细胞研究的候选人。
[近] advocate, back, champion, endorse, patronize
[反] baffle, foil, frustrate, sabotage 阻挠,从中破坏
symbol: [plʌmp]
zhuji: 【记】plu＝plus，m妈妈，p屁股：给妈妈的屁股加肉－形体肥胖的且丰满的
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position: (18, 10)

正面: plunge
definition: 【考法1】vi. 突然下降:to descend or dip suddenly
[例] Stock's value plunged. 股票价值骤然下降。
[近] crash, decline, descend, dip, dive, fall, plummet, sink, tumble
[反] skyrocket, soar 飙升
【考法2】vt. 插入,刺入:to cause to penetrate or enter quickly and forcibly into something
[例] The enemy plunged the dagger into his chest. 敌人把匕首刺入他的胸膛。
[近] drive, stab, stick, thrust
[反] extract 拔出
symbol: [plʌnʤ]
zhuji: 【记】源于plumb的铅锤的意义
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position: (18, 10)

正面: polarize
definition: 【考法】vt. 使分开对立,使两极分化:to break up into opposing factions or groupings
[例] The controversy has polarized voters into pro-abortion and anti-abortion groups. 这一争议使得选民分化成支持堕胎和反对堕胎两个群体。
[近] bifurcate, diverge, divide
[反] coalesce, unite 合并,联合
[派] polarization n. 两极分化
symbol: ['poʊləraɪz]
zhuji: 【记】polar（adj [天]两极的；极地的）ize－极化
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position: (18, 10)

正面: polemic
definition: 【考法】n. 争执:a controversial argument
[例] The polemic between science and religion has never ceased. 科学和宗教之间的争论从未停息。
[近] contention, controversy, disagreement, disputation
[反] agreement 一致,协议
[派] polemical adj. 好争论的
symbol: [pə'lemɪk]
zhuji: 【记】pole（n 杆；柱）mic麦克风：一边用mic争论一边用pole打－争辩
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position: (18, 10)

正面: polished
definition: 【考法1】adj. 有教养的:showing a high degree of refinement and the assurance that comes from wide social experience
[例] He maintained a very polished tone in his correspondences. 他在通信中保持着一种极有教养的口吻。
[近] cultivated, cultured, genteel, refined, urbane
[反] gauche, rustic, philistine 粗俗的;uncivilized, untutored 未开化的
【考法2】adj. 擦亮的:having a shiny surface or finish
[例] She could see her face reflected in the polished hood of the car. 她可以在引擎盖光亮的表面上看到自己的脸。
[近] buffed, burnished, glistening, lustrous, rubbed, satiny, sleek
[反] dim, dull, flat, lusterless 黯淡无光的
[派] polish v. 擦亮
symbol: ['pɑ:lɪ∫t]
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position: (18, 10)

正面: politic
definition: 【考法1】adj. 精明能干的:characterized by shrewdness in managing, contriving, or dealing
[例] a politic secretary 能干的秘书
[近] diplomatic, judicious, perspicacious, sagacious, tactful, wise
[反] tactless, unsophisticated 缺乏谋略的,头脑简单的
【考法2】adj. 合时宜的,明智的:suitable for bringing about a desired result under the circumstances
[例] It probably would not be politic to tell your boss that his latest idea is the worst thing you've ever heard. 不要现在去告诉你老板说他的想法是你听过的最糟的,这是一个不明智的做法。
[近] advisable, desirable, prudent, tactical
[反] imprudent, inadvisable, injudicious, unwise 不明智的,不合时宜的
symbol: ['pɑ:lətɪk]
zhuji: 【记】源于political（adj 政治的）有政治手腕的－politic
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position: (18, 10)

正面: pompous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 浮夸的:excessively elevated or ornate
[例] The candidate was given to windy and pompous rhetorical speeches. 听众们听了一场冗长而浮夸的演讲。
[近] affected, bombastic, flowery, grandiloquent, magniloquent, rhetorical
[反] homely 朴素的
【考法2】adj. 傲慢的:having or exhibiting self-importance
[例] a pompous politician who insisted on boarding the plane first 一个坚持要求优先登机的傲慢政客
[近] arrogant, egocentric, haughty, pontifical, presumptuous, supercilious
[反] humble, modest, unpretentious 谦逊的
symbol: ['pɑ:mpəs]
zhuji: 【记】pomp（n 壮丽；夸耀）象声词，源于：壮丽的队伍行进时的礼炮声。
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position: (18, 10)

正面: ponderable
definition: 【考法】adj. 有价值的,值得考虑的:considerable enough to be weighed or assessed
[例] Climate change has exerted a ponderable influence on world politics. 气候变化对世界政局有着不容忽视的影响。
[近] appreciable, perceptible, sensible
[反] inappreciable 微不足道的
symbol: ['pɑ:ndərəbl]
zhuji: 【记】源于：ponder（v 沉思；考虑）pond重量－掂掂重量－权衡，思考
zhuji3000: 【根】 ponder [ponder, 考虑] + -able [a., able], able [表示“值得”,参考desirable] to ponder, 可以考虑的 → a. 值得考虑的;of weight [pond] , 有份量的,(参考valuable [of value] ) → a. 有价值的
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position: (19, 1)

正面: ponderous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 沉重的:of very great weight
[例] a ponderous machine 沉重的机器
[近] cumbersome, heavy, hefty, massive, onerous, weighty
[反] ethereal, gossamer, light, weightless 轻飘飘的
【考法2】adj. 沉闷无聊的:oppressively or unpleasantly dull
[例] a ponderous sermon no one really cares 没有人真正关心的沉闷无聊的布道
[近] dreary, dull, flat, elephantine, monotonous, insipid, vapid
[反] absorbing, engaging, engrossing, gripping, interesting, intriguing, involving, riveting 极吸引人的
symbol: ['pɑ:ndərəs]
zhuji: 【记】pond重量，er，ous多－有很多重量的－笨重的
zhuji3000: 【根】 pond [weight] + -er + -ous [a.], of too much weight, 重量大的 → a. 沉重的;(氛围) 沉重压抑的 → a. 沉闷无聊的
【联】 谐音“胖得若死”, “胖死了” → 笨重的,沉重的
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position: (19, 1)

正面: pontificate
definition: 【考法】vi. 傲慢地做或说:to speak or express opinions in a pompous or dogmatic way
[例] pontificate to show a sense of superiority 傲慢地说以显示高人一等的优越感
[反] condescend 屈尊,俯就
[派] pontification n. 傲慢的言行;pontifical adj. 傲慢的
symbol: [pɑ:n'tɪfɪkeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】pon胖，tifi踢飞，cat猫，e：一个胖教皇踢飞一只猫－自大武断
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position: (19, 1)

正面: pore
definition: 【考法】vi. 仔细浏览,仔细研究:to read or study attentively(usually used with over)
[例] The committee will probably pore over the results of the study for a long time before making their decision. 在正式做决定之前,委员会可能需要花很长的时间来仔细研究调查结果。
[近] cogitate, consider, contemplate, deliberate, meditate, perpend, ruminate, study, weigh, chew over
[反] flip, glance, leaf, riffle, skim 粗略地看,迅速浏览
symbol: [pɔ:r]
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position: (19, 1)

正面: porous
definition: 【考法】adj. 多孔可渗透的:admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices
[例] Lava rock has a porous structure which makes the material lightweight and highly moisture-retentive. 火山岩的多孔结构使得它密度很小,同时有很高的吸湿性。
[近] passable, penetrable, permeable, pervious
[反] impassable, impenetrable, impermeable, impervious 无法穿透的
[派] porosity n. 多孔性
symbol: ['pɔ:rəs]
zhuji: 【记】por孔，ous多－多孔的
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position: (19, 1)

正面: portentous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 预兆性的,凶兆的:being or showing a sign of evil or calamity to come
[例] an eerie and portentous stillness 阴森神秘、充满凶兆的寂静
[近] baleful, direful, doomy, foreboding, inauspicious, menacing, minatory, ominous, sinister, ill-omened
[反] auspicious, propitious 吉兆的
【考法2】adj. 勾起兴趣的,令人遐想的:eliciting amazement or wonder
[例] The way in which he could bring together opposing forces was truly portentous. 他整合两股对抗势力的方法着实令人好奇。
[近] amazing, astonishing, astounding, fabulous, marvelous, miraculous, prodigious, wonderful
[反] common, commonplace, ordinary 普通的
symbol: [pɔ:r'tentəs]
zhuji: 【记】源于：portent（n 凶兆；奇事）；又源于portend（v 预示）por＝pro在前面，tend倾向－在前面有倾向－预示
zhuji3000: 【根】 por- [pro-, forth] + tent [stretch] + -ous [a.], stretch forth (badly) → a. 预兆性的,凶兆的;使“向前伸 (脖子)” → a. 勾起兴趣的,令人遐想的
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position: (19, 1)

正面: poseur
definition: 【考法】n. 故作姿态、不真诚的人:an affected or insincere person
[例] She is such a poseur and you will never know if she is really crying or pretending. 她就是个爱装的人,你从不知道她是真的在哭还是只是假装而已。
[近] grandstander, poser
symbol: [poʊ'zɜ:r]
zhuji: 【记】pose摆（姿势），ur－装模作样的人
zhuji3000: 【记】 pose [pose, 姿势] + -ur [n.], 摆姿势的人 → n. 故作姿态、不真诚的人
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position: (19, 1)

正面: posit
definition: 【考法】vt. 假定,断定:to assume or affirm the existence of
[例] The committee posited that he was qualified for the election. 委员会假定他是够格参加选举的。
[近] assume, postulate, presuppose, premise, presume
[反] falsify 证明为假
symbol: ['pɑ:zɪt]
zhuji: 【记】pos＝pose放，it他：把他放在这里－安置
zhuji3000: 【根】 pos [put] + it [v.], put (as truth) → vt. 假定,断定
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position: (19, 1)

正面: postulate
definition: 【考法1】n. 前提条件:something taken as being true or factual and used as a starting point for a course of action or reasoning
[例] One of the postulates that the true agnostic rejects is the assumption that it is even possible for us to know whether God exists. 我们甚至可以知道上帝是否存在——这是一个真正的不可知论者所反对的假设。
[近] premise, presumption, presupposition, supposition
[反] conclusion 结论
【考法2】vt. 假定为真:to assume or claim as true, existent, or necessary
[例] postulate a causal relationship 假定存在因果关系
[近] assume, conjecture, hypothesize, posit, presuppose, premise, presume, suppose
[反] belie, disprove, falsify 证明为假
[派] postulation n. 推测
symbol: ['pɑ:st∫əleɪt]
zhuji: 【记】原指：提名为主教，先假定一个人是主教的动作－假定
zhuji3000: 【根】 post [put] + ul + -ate [v.], put (as truth) → vt. 假定为真n. 前提条件
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position: (19, 1)

正面: posture
definition: 【考法1】n. 姿势,姿态:a general way of holding the body
[例] A good upright posture will prevent backaches. 良好的站姿可以预防背痛。
[近] attitude, carriage, poise, stance, station
【考法2】vi. 故作姿态,装模作样:to assume an artificial or pretended attitude
[例] posture to impress 故作姿态以给别人留下印象
[近] attitudinize, feign, grandstand, masquerade, pose, pretend
[派] posturer n. 故作姿态之人
symbol: ['pɑ:st∫ər]
zhuji: 【记】源于pose摆姿势
zhuji3000: 【根】 post [put] + -ure [n., 状态], put (body) → n. 姿势,姿态;〈贬义〉做出姿势 → vi. 故作姿态,装模作样
【联】 pose [n. 姿势]
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position: (19, 1)

正面: potable
definition: 【考法1】n. 饮品,尤指有酒精饮料:a beverage, especially an alcoholic beverage
[例] Potables are offered at bar counter for free. 饮料可以在吧台免费领取。
[近] beverage, drink, juice, liquor, spirits
[反] non-intoxicant, soft drink 软饮料
【考法2】adj. 适于饮用的:suitable for drinking
[例] Price of the potable water has soared. 饮用水价格飙升。
[近] drinkable, edible
[反] undrinkable 不能饮用的
symbol: ['poʊtəbl]
zhuji: 【记】pot罐子，喝，able－能喝的
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position: (19, 2)

正面: potentate
definition: 【考法】n. 有权势的人:one who has the power and position to rule over others
[例] a son of a potentate 官二代
[近] authority, autocrat, monarch, ruler, sovereign
[反] figurehead(有名无权的)傀儡
symbol: ['poʊtnteɪt]
zhuji: 【记】pot力量，entate－有力量的人－统治者
zhuji3000: 【根】 pot [power] + -ent [a.] + -ate [n.] → n. 有权势的人
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position: (19, 2)

正面: potentiate
definition: 【考法】vt. 激活,加强:to make effective or active, or more effective or more active
[例] additives to potentiate the drug 增强药效的添加剂
[近] activate, energize, enhance, intensify, stir, wake, vitalize
[反] deactivate 使无效;abate, attenuate, dwindle, lessen, moderate, reduce 减弱,削弱
symbol: [poʊ'ten∫ɪeɪt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 pot [power] + -ent [a.] + i + -ate [v.], make...powerful → v. 加强,激活
[注] potentiate可以看做“激活潜能 [potential]”,从而与potentate [有权势的人] 进行区分
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position: (19, 2)

正面: pout
definition: 【考法】vi.(尤指撅嘴或板着脸)表示不悦:to show displeasure, especially by thrusting out the lips or wearing a sullen expression
[例] She pouted and didn't say a word to anyone all morning. 她整个早上都闷闷不乐,没和别人说一句话。
[近] grump, mope, sulk
[反] grin 露齿而笑
symbol: [paʊt]
zhuji: 【记】读：泡她，可惜她是冷美人，不理你，还撅嘴；生气
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position: (19, 2)

正面: practitioner
definition: 【考法】n. 职业人士:one who practices a profession
[例] medical practitioner 医护人员,行医者
[近] expert, guru, professional, specialist, virtuoso
[反] fledgling 无经验的人;quack 冒充内行的人
symbol: [præk'tɪ∫ənər]
zhuji: 【记】源于：practice（v /n 实践）
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position: (19, 2)

正面: prairie
definition: 【考法】n. 大草原:an extensive area of flat or rolling, predominantly treeless grassland
[例] Canadian Prairie 加拿大大草原地区
[近] grassland, meadow, plain, savanna
symbol: ['preri]
zhuji: 【记】中间有新鲜的空气air－大草原
zhuji3000: 【联】 pr [pure] + air + -ie [地点], 有纯净空气的地方 → n. 大草原
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position: (19, 2)

正面: prate
definition: 【考法】vi. 闲聊,空谈:to talk long and idly
[例] They have been prating on the phone for hours. 他们已经煲了几个小时的电话粥了。
[近] babble, chat, chatter, converse, gabble, jabber, prattle, twitter
[派] prater n. 闲聊的人
symbol: [preɪt]
zhuji: 【记】p喷，rate速率：以一定的速率喷－瞎扯
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position: (19, 2)

正面: preach
definition: 【考法】vi. 传道,布道:to deliver a sermon
[例] a minister who loves to preach 一个爱布道的牧师
[近] discourse, sermonize
[派] preacher n. 布道者
symbol: [pri:t∫]
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position: (19, 2)

正面: precarious
definition: 【考法1】adj. 危险的,不稳定的:dangerously lacking in security or stability
[例] a precarious livelihood 不稳定的生计
[近] delicate, fragile, sensitive, touchy, unstable
[反] firm, stable 稳定的;safe, secure 安全的
【考法2】adj. 可疑的,不明确的:dependent on uncertain premises
[例] His entire argument relies on a precarious assumption. 他的整篇论证都建立在一个可疑的假设之上。
[近] ambiguous, doubtful, dubious, equivocal, uncertain, unfounded
[反] indubitable, unambiguous, unequivocal, unquestionable 明确的,毋庸置疑的
symbol: [prɪ'keriəs]
zhuji: 【记】pre前，car＝care小心，ious－要预先小心－危险的pre前，car，ious：前面有很多车－危险的
zhuji3000: 【联】 pre- [before] + car [care] + - (i) ous [a.], 需要在之前多留心的 → a. 危险的,不稳定的;可疑的,不明确的
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position: (19, 2)

正面: precedent
definition: 【考法1】n. 先例,前例:an earlier occurrence of something similar
[例] There has not been any precedent so far. 到目前为止还没有先[例]。‖a landmark decision that set a legal precedent 在法律上首开先河的重大决议
[近] example, instance, model, paradigm, pattern, standard
【考法2】adj. 先前的:prior in time, order, arrangement, or significance
[例] Her violent behaviors may be explained by some precedent events in her troubled life. 她的暴力行径或许可以由她之前苦难生活中遭遇到的一些事件来解释。
[近] antecedent, anterior, former, preceding, previous, prior
[反] ensuing 继而发生的
[派] unprecedented adj. 前所未有的
symbol: ['presɪdənt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 pre- [before] + ced [go] + -ent [n.&a.], go before → n. 先例,前例a. 先前的
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position: (19, 2)

正面: precipice
definition: 【考法】n. 悬崖峭壁:a very steep or overhanging place
[例] a precipice too steep to climb 过于陡峭而无法攀爬的悬崖
[近] bluff, cliff, crag, escarpment, palisade
[反] ridge 山脊
[派] precipitous adj. 陡峭的
symbol: ['presəpɪs]
zhuji: 【记】pre前面，cip落下，ice－前面突然落下－悬崖
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position: (19, 3)

正面: precipitate
definition: 【考法1】adj. 匆忙的:acting or done with excessive or careless speed
[例] the army's precipitate withdrawal from the field of battle 匆忙将军队从战场上撤下
[近] cursory, flying, headlong, hurried, overhasty, precipitous, rash, rushed
[反] deliberate 慎重考虑的;leisurely, unhurried, unrushed 从容不迫的,不慌不忙的
[派] precipitation n. 急促;沉淀;降水
【考法2】vt. 促使,导致:to cause to happen, especially suddenly or prematurely
[例] precipitate an international crisis 产生国际危机
[近] accelerate, escalate, expedite, hasten, impel, speed, trigger
[反] check, encumber, enfetter, hamper, handicap, hinder, manacle, obstruct, retard, trammel 阻碍
symbol: [prɪ'sɪpɪteɪt]
zhuji: 【记】pre提前，cip落下，itate－使提前落下－促进
zhuji3000: 【根】 pre- [forth] + cip [cap, head] + it + -ate [a.&v.], “头向前”, 奔跑的状态 → a. 匆忙的;(make) head forth, 使向前 → vt. 促使,导致
【联】 precipitation [n. 仓促;沉积物,尤指降水]
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position: (19, 3)

正面: precipitation
definition: 【考法1】n. 沉积物,尤指降水:something precipitated as a deposit on the earth of hail, mist, rain, sleet, or snow
[例] The storm brought several inches of precipitation. 风暴带来的降水量达数英寸。
[近] deposit, sediment
【考法2】n. 仓促:excited and often showy or disorderly speed
[例] I fear that I may have acted with some precipitation on this matter, so I would like to reconsider. 我害怕自己在这个事情上考虑得太仓促了,因此我想再想想。
[近] haste, hastiness, hustle, precipitousness, rush
[反] deliberation 深思熟虑
symbol: [prɪˌsɪpɪ'teɪ∫n]
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position: (19, 3)

正面: precipitous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 非常陡峭的:very steep, perpendicular, or overhanging in rise or fall
[例] a precipitous gorge 险峻的峡谷
[近] abrupt, arduous, sheer, steep
[反] flat, level 平坦的
【考法2】adj. 匆忙的:acting or done with excessive or careless speed
[例] They soon regretted their precipitous actions in international affairs. 他们很快就为他们在国际事务中的匆忙举动感到后悔。
[近] cursory, flying, headlong, hurried, overhasty, precipitate, rash, rushed
[反] deliberate 慎重考虑的;leisurely, unhurried, unrushed 从容不迫的,不慌不忙的
symbol: [prɪ'sɪpɪtəs]
zhuji: 【记】pre（提前）＝c中以落下），oas－仓促的
zhuji3000: [义] a. 匆忙的;非常陡峭的 (助记见
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position: (19, 3)

正面: preclude
definition: 【考法1】vt. 预先阻止:to make impossible, as by action taken in advance
[例] Age alone will not preclude him from standing as a candidate. 年龄并没有阻止他成为候选人。
[近] avert, deter, forestall, obviate, prevent, stave off
【考法2】vt. 排斥:to exclude or prevent(someone)from a given condition or activity
[例] He refused to preclude the subject from discussion. 他拒绝将这个话题排出讨论范围。
[近] bar, exclude, except
[反] enclose 圈入
[派] preclusive adj. 预先阻止的;除外的
symbol: [prɪ'klu:d]
zhuji: 【记】pre前，clude＝close关闭－提前关掉门－预防小偷
zhuji3000: 【根】 pre- [before] + clud [close] + -e [v.], 预先 (将不好的) 关起来 → v. 预先阻止;排斥
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position: (19, 3)

正面: precursor
definition: 【考法】n. 先驱者,先导:one that precedes and indicates the approach of another
[例] 18th-century lyric poets like Robert Burns were precursors of the Romantics. 十八世纪的抒情诗人(如罗伯特·彭斯)是浪漫主义的先驱。
[近] foregoer, forerunner, harbinger, herald, outrider
[反] sequela, successor 后继者;descendant 后代
[派] precursory adj. 先驱性的,开创性的
symbol: [pri:'kɜ:rsər]
zhuji: 【记】pre前，curs跑，or－在前面跑的人－先驱
zhuji3000: 【根】 pre- [before] + curs [run] + -or [n.], someone who runs before → n. 先驱者,先导
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position: (19, 3)

正面: predecessor
definition: 【考法】n. 前任,先辈:a person who has previously occupied a position or office to which another has succeeded
[例] a political legacy left by his predecessor 他的前任留下来的政治遗产
[近] ancestor, antecedent, foregoer, forerunner, precursor
[反] successor 继任者;descendant 后代
symbol: ['predəsesər]
zhuji: 【记】pre前，de，cess走，or人：在前面走的人－前辈
zhuji3000: 【根】 pre- [before] + de- [away] + cess [go] + -or [n.], someone who goes away before → n. 前任,先辈
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position: (19, 3)

正面: predilection
definition: 【考法】n. 爱好,偏袒:a partiality or disposition in favor of something
[例] a predilection for travel 热爱旅行
[近] affection, affinity, bias, disposition, inclination, leaning, penchant, predisposition, propensity, tendency
[反] aversion, loathing, nausea, repugnance, repulsion, revulsion [反]感
symbol: [ˌpredl'ek∫n]
zhuji: 【记】pre前，dilect喜爱，ion－偏好pre前，di，lect选择，ion－提前选择出好的东西－偏好
zhuji3000: 【根】 pre- [before] + di- [de-, 加强语气] + lect [select, choose] + -ion [n.], choose before (others) , (在一堆事物面前) 先挑… → n. 爱好,偏袒
【联】 近义词preference [n. 偏爱, 倾向] (字面含义“carry [fer] before [pre-] (others) ”)
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position: (19, 3)

正面: preeminent
definition: 【考法】adj. 优秀的,重要的:having paramount rank, dignity, or importance
[例] The writer's style is brilliant and his command of words, preeminent. 作者的文风和用词都十分出色。
[近] distinguished, illustrious, incomparable, notable, outstanding, peerless, superb, supreme, unmatchable
[反] negligible, trivial 不重要的
[派] preeminence n. 杰出
symbol: [pri'emɪnənt]
zhuji: 【记】pre前，eminent（adj 著名的）－在著名的人前面－出类拔萃的min是突出的词根
zhuji3000: 【根】 pre- [forth] + e- [out] + min [jut] + -ent [a.], jut out forth, (提前) 脱颖而出 → a. 优秀的,重要的
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position: (19, 3)

正面: preempt
definition: 【考法1】vt. 预先占有:to appropriate, seize, or take for oneself before others
[例] The naughty children had preempted front-row seats that were reserved for the guests of honor. 调皮的孩子们把前排留给贵宾的座位占了。
[近] appropriate, arrogate, commandeer, convert, expropriate, seize, usurp
[派] preemptive adj. 先发制人的;先买的
【考法2】vt. 替换:to replace with something considered to be of greater value or priority: take precedence over
[例] The special newscast preempted the usual television program. 特别新闻取代了常规电视节目。
[近] displace, replace, supersede, supplant
symbol: [pri'empt]
zhuji: 【记】pre前，empt买－提前买
zhuji3000: 【根】 pre [before] + empt [take], take ... before (others) → vt. 预先占有;A预先占有 B的位置, 即A取代B → vt. 替换
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position: (19, 3)

正面: preen
definition: 【考法1】vt. 整理(羽毛):to smooth or clean(feathers)with the beak or bill
[近] plume
[反] rumple 弄皱
【考法2】vt. 打扮修饰:to dress or groom(oneself)with elaborate care
[例] She always preens herself in an elaborate suit before going to the opera. 她去听歌剧之前总要精心打扮一番,穿上最华丽的服装。
[近] groom, plume, primp
【考法3】vt. 自满:to take pride or satisfaction in(oneself)
[例] He always preen himself on his ancestry. 他总是因为他的血统而洋洋得意
[近] gloat, plume, pride
[反] efface 隐没,使不被人注意
symbol: [pri:n]
zhuji: 【记】源于：ee象两只看小镜子的眼睛－打扮
zhuji3000: [义] v. 整理 (羽毛) ;打扮修饰;自满
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position: (19, 4)

正面: preface
definition: 【考法】n. 序言:a preliminary statement or essay introducing a book that explains its scope, intention, or background and is usually written by the author
[例] An informal brunch served as a preface to the three-day conference. 一顿非正式的早午餐作为为期三天的会议的序曲。
[近] exordium, foreword, introduction, overture, preamble, prelude, prologue
[反] epilogue 尾声
[派] prefatory adj. 序言的
symbol: ['prefəs]
zhuji: 【记】pre前，face脸－书前面的脸－序言
zhuji3000: [注] pre- [before] + fa [speak, word] + ce (n.), 前面的话 → n. 序言
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position: (19, 4)

正面: pregnant
definition: 【考法1】adj. 重要的,意味深长的:weighty or significant; full of meaning
[例] the pregnant phrases of the Bible《圣经》中充满哲理的话语
[近] eloquent, meaningful, momentous, profound, revelatory, significant, suggestive
[反] inane 空洞的
【考法2】adj. 怀孕的:containing a developing embryo, fetus, or unborn offspring within the body
[例] Being pregnant represents great news, but it comes with a lot of responsibilities. 怀孕是件大好事,但是它也带来了许多的责任。
[近] enceinte, expectant, expecting, gravid
[派] pregnancy n. 怀孕
symbol: ['pregnənt]
zhuji: 【记】pregn拿住，ant－拿住孩子－怀孕
zhuji3000: 【根】 pre- [before] + gn [gen, generate, bear] + -ant [a.], 在生 (小孩) 之前的 → a. 怀孕的;产生 (结果) 的 → a. 重要的,意味深长的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (19, 4)

正面: premeditate
definition: 【考法】vt. 预谋:to think about and revolve in the mind beforehand
[例] He's carefully premeditating each step of his plan of campaign. 他正在仔细地计划竞选计划中的每一个步骤。
[近] forethink, precogitate, predetermine
[反] disregard, ignore, overlook, slight 忽略
[派] premeditated adj. 有预谋的
symbol: [prɪ'medɪteɪt]
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position: (30, 9)

正面: preoccupation
definition: 【考法】n. 非常关心,全神贯注:extreme or excessive concern with something
[例] He kept sinking back into gloomy preoccupation. 他陷入了深深的忧虑之中。
[近] absorption, engagement, engrossment, immersion
[反] apathy, indifference, nonchalance, unconcern 漠不关心
[派] preoccupied adj. 全神贯注的
symbol: [priˌɑ:kju'peɪ∫n]
zhuji: 【记】pre前，occupation（n 职业；占有）
zhuji3000: 【根】 pre- [before] + occup (y) [occupy, seize] + -ation [n.], seize before (another) , 抢在 (其他) 之前紧紧抓住 → n. 非常关心,全神贯注
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (19, 4)

正面: preponderant
definition: 【考法】adj. 占优势的,更重要的:having superior weight, force, importance, or influence
[例] a preponderant misconception 一个影响甚广的错误概念
[近] dominant, paramount, predominant, prevalent, overruling
[反] secondary, subsidiary 次要的
[派] preponderance n. 优势地位
symbol: [prɪ'pɑ:ndərənt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 pre- [before] + pond [weight] + -er + -ant [a.] weight before (others), 重量、权重在其他之上的 → a. 占优势的,更重要的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (19, 4)

正面: prepossessing
definition: 【考法】adj. 给人好感的,有魅力的:serving to impress favorably
[例] He was fascinated by her prepossessing appearance at first sight. 他第一眼就被她迷人的外表吸引了。
[近] alluring, attractive, appealing, captivating, charming, enchanting, pleasing, riveting
[反] abhorrent, appalling, disgusting, hideous, loathsome, repellent, repulsive 令人[反]感的
[派] unprepossessing adj. 不吸引人的
symbol: [ˌpri:pə'zesɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】pre前，possess（v 拥有），ing－提前让人拥有好感－有吸引力的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (19, 4)

正面: preposterous
definition: 【考法】adj. 荒谬的,不符合常理的:contrary to nature, reason, or common sense
[例] a preposterous conclusion of quantum mechanics 量子力学里有悖于常理的结论
[近] absurd, asinine, fallacious, fatuous, lunatic, ludicrous, insane, irrational, unreasonable
[反] commonsensical 常识性的;reasonable, sensible 有道理的
symbol: [prɪ'pɑ:stərəs]
zhuji: 【记】pre前，poster（n 海报；招贴），ous：玩牌时在脸上贴着纸条－可笑的
zhuji3000: 【根】 pre- [before, 前] + post [back, 后] + -er + -ous [a.], 既在前面又在后面的 → a. 荒谬的,不符合常理的
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position: (19, 4)

正面: presage
definition: 【考法1】n. 征兆:something believed to be a sign or warning of a future event
[例] The sight of the first robin is always a welcome presage of spring. 第一只知更鸟的出现总是迎接春天到来的象征。
[近] augury, auspice, boding, foreboding, foreshadowing, portent, prefiguring
【考法2】vt. 预示,预言:to foretell or predict
[例] The incident may presage war. 这个事件可能是战争的征兆
[近] adumbrate, augur, forecast, foretell, portend, predict, prognosticate, prophesy
symbol: ['presɪʤ]
zhuji: 【记】pre前，sage（n 智者，智慧）－有提前预知的智慧－预感
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position: (19, 4)

正面: prescience
definition: 【考法】n. 预知,先见:knowledge of actions or events before they occur
[例] Most believers would probably agree that complete prescience is one of God's attributes. 所有的信徒大概都会同意上帝能够预见未来。
[近] foresight, forethought, providence
[反] improvidence, myopia, shortsightedness 目光短浅
symbol: ['presiəns]
zhuji: 【记】pre前，science（n 科学）作为词根是知道的意思－提前知道－预知
zhuji3000: 【根】 pre- [before] + sci [know] + -ence [n.], know before → n. 预知,先见
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (19, 4)

正面: prescription
definition: 【考法】n. 规定,传统的规矩:something prescribed as a rule; especially an inherited or established way of thinking, feeling, or doing
[近] convention, custom, decree, law, regulation, rule
[派] prescribe v. 开药方;设立规定
symbol: [prɪ'skrɪp∫n]
zhuji: 【记】源于：prescribe（v 指示；开处方），pre前，scribe（v 描述）
zhuji3000: 【根】 pre [before] + script [write] + -ion [n.], 预先写好的东西 → n. 规定,传统的规矩
[注] prescription的动词形式prescribe [规定;开处方],注意与proscribe [禁止,排斥] (近义词prohibit [禁止,阻止] ) 区分
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position: (19, 5)

正面: preservative
definition: 【考法】n. 防腐剂:an additive used to protect against decay, discoloration, or spoilage
[例] contain no chemical preservative 不含化学防腐剂
[派] preserve v. 保存
symbol: [prɪ'zɜ:rvətɪv]
zhuji: 【记】源于：preserve（v 保护）
zhuji3000: 【根】 pre- [before] + serv [keep] + ative [n.], keep (fresh) before (eating) → n. 防腐剂
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position: (19, 5)

正面: prestige
definition: 【考法】n. 声望,威望:the level of respect at which one is regarded by others
[例] The prestige of the university has been irrevocably impaired by the plagiarism scandal. 这所大学的声望已经因剽窃丑闻而受到了不可挽回的损失。
[近] credit, fame, influence, reputation
[反] infamy 坏名声
[派] prestigious adj. 有名望的
symbol: [pre'sti:ʒ]
zhuji: 【记】pre前，sti＝stand，ge哥：在前面站着的哥哥－有威信的感觉
zhuji3000: 【联】 pre- [before] + stige [stage], 站在台前 → n. 声望,威望
[注] prestige也可看成“向前 [pre-] 刺 [stig]”,比喻“锋芒”毕露后赢得的声望、威望
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position: (19, 5)

正面: presumptuous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 放肆的,冒昧的:overstepping due bounds(as of propriety or courtesy)
[例] Under such a circumstance his demand for attention was utterly presumptuous. 在那种情况下他要求被关注是极其冒昧的。
[近] audacious, bold, brash, impertinent, impudent, insolent, pompous, presuming
[反] courteous, decorous, genteel, gracious, urbane 举止得体的,有礼貌的
【考法2】adj. 傲慢的:having a feeling of superiority that shows itself in an overbearing attitude
[例] The presumptuous doctor didn't even bother to explain to me the treatment that I would be receiving. 傲慢的医生连给我说明我会接受何种治疗的耐性都没有。
[近] assumptive, bumptious, cavalier, haughty, imperious, lofty, overweening, peremptory, supercilious
[反] humble, modest 谦卑的
symbol: [prɪ'zʌmpt∫uəs]
zhuji3000: 【根】 pre- [before] + sumpt [take] + -uous [a.], take before (permission), 在被允许之前拿 → a. 放肆的,冒昧的;take oneself before (others), 认为自己比别人优越 → a. 傲慢的
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position: (19, 5)

正面: pretense
definition: 【考法1】n. 虚假,伪装:the act of pretending; a false appearance or action intended to deceive
[例] There is too much pretense in his piety. 他的虔诚大多都是伪装。
[近] affectation, camouflage, deceit, disguise, imposture, mask, masquerade
[反] sincerity 真诚
【考法2】n. 自大,优越感:an exaggerated sense of one's importance that shows itself in the making of excessive or unjustified claims
[近] assumption, hauteur, imperiousness, loftiness, lordliness, pomposity, superciliousness, superiority
[反] humility, modesty 谦逊
symbol: ['pri:tens]
zhuji3000: 【根】 pre- [before] + tens [stretch] + -e [n.], pretend [假装] 的名词形式 → n. 虚假,伪装;stretch before (others), 在别人面前伸展、展示 → n. 自大,优越感
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position: (19, 5)

正面: preternatural
definition: 【考法】adj. 超乎寻常的:surpassing the normal or usual
[例] They exhibited preternatural courage in face of danger. 他们在危险面前显示出了超乎寻常的勇气。
[近] aberrant, abnormal, anomalous, extraordinary, phenomenal, magical, miraculous, unearthly
[反] common, ordinary, prosaic 平凡的
symbol: [ˌpri:tər'næt∫rəl]
zhuji: 【记】preter超，natural（adj 自然的）
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position: (19, 5)

正面: prevail
definition: 【考法】vi. 盛行,战胜:to be greater in strength or influence
[例] a custom that still prevails 依然盛行的传统
[近] conquer, dominate, overcome, reign, triumph
[反] yield 屈服;lose 失败
[派] prevailing adj. 盛行的
symbol: [prɪ'veɪl]
zhuji: 【记】pre前，vail＝val力量－力量在别人前面－战胜
zhuji3000: 【根】 pre- [before] + vail [val, strong], 力量、实力 [strength] 排在前面 → vi. 盛行,战胜
【联】 prevalent [a. 流行的,普遍的]
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position: (19, 5)

正面: prevalent
definition: 【考法】adj. 流行的,普遍的:widely or commonly occurring, existing, accepted, or practiced
[例] The kinds of accidents are frequently seen in places where snowmobiles are prevalent. 这类事故在摩托雪橇盛行的地区很常见。
[近] conventional, dominant, common, popular, predominant, preponderant, prevailing, rife
[反] absent, rare 缺少的,稀少的;unusual 与众不同的
[派] prevalence n. 流行,遍及
symbol: ['prevələnt]
zhuji: 【记】源于：prevail（v 流行；获胜）
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position: (19, 5)

正面: prevaricate
definition: 【考法】vi. 支吾其词,撒谎:to stray from or evade the truth
[例] During the hearings the witness did his best to prevaricate. 听证会上证人在竭尽全力地支吾其词。
[近] equivocate, fabricate, falsify, lie, palter
[派] prevarication n. 支吾其词
symbol: [prɪ'værɪkeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】pre前，varic＝vary变化，ate－提前想好变化之词－支吾其词
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position: (19, 5)

正面: primordial
definition: 【考法】adj. 原始的,最初的:being or happening first in sequence of time
[例] primordial forms of life 最原始的生命形态
[近] ancient, early, primal, primeval, primitive
[反] late, recent 最近的
symbol: [praɪ'mɔ:rdiəl]
zhuji: 【记】prim（adj 最早的），ord＝order顺序，ial
zhuji3000: 【根】 prim [first] + ord [arrange] + -ial [a.], of first arrangement, (上帝) 最初的安排 → a.原始的,最初的
[注] primitive [a. 原始的] 和primal [a. 最初的;主要的] 都来自词根prim
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position: (19, 5)

正面: primp
definition: 【考法】v. 精心打扮:to dress, adorn, or arrange in a careful or finicky manner
[例] She primps for hours before a date. 她出门约会前要花数小时打扮。
[近] preen, dress up
symbol: [prɪmp]
zhuji: 【记】prim（adj 最早的，最好的），p屁－把屁股向最好处打扮－过分打扮
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position: (19, 6)

正面: principal
definition: 【考法】adj. 主要的,重要的:first, highest, or foremost in importance, rank, worth, or degree
[例] The region's principal city is getting hammered by a series of terrorist attacks. 该地区的中心城市正在被一系列恐怖袭击侵扰。
[近] capital, cardinal, chief, dominant, grand, main, major, paramount, predominant, preeminent, primary
[反] secondary, subordinate 次要的
symbol: ['prɪnsəpl]
zhuji: 【记】源于：prim（adj 最早的，最好的）
zhuji3000: 【根】 prin [prim, first] + cip [take] + -al [a.], take first, 最先拿的 → a. 主要的,重要的
【联】 prince [n. 王子]
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position: (19, 6)

正面: pristine
definition: 【考法】adj. 纯净的,质朴的,未被文明腐蚀的:remaining in a pure state; uncorrupted by civilization; remaining free from dirt or decay; clean
[例] a pristine forest 一片未被文明影响的森林
[近] immaculate, spotless, stainless, unsoiled, unstained, unsullied
[反] tainted, squalid, contaminated, besmirched, corrupted by civilization 污染的,被文明腐蚀的
symbol: ['prɪsti:n]
zhuji: 【记】prist＝prim（adj 最早的）p屁，ris升起，tine＝time：屁股抬起来的时候已经干净了－纯洁的
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position: (19, 6)

正面: privation
definition: 【考法】n. 缺乏,穷困:lack of what is needed for existence
[例] The constant privation of sleep was starting to affect his work. 长期以来的睡眠不足开始影响他的工作。
[近] deprivation, loss
[反] repletion 充满
symbol: [praɪ'veɪ∫n]
zhuji: 【记】源于：deprive（v 剥夺）被deprive后就会privation
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position: (19, 6)

正面: probe
definition: 【考法】v./n. 深入调查:a penetrating or critical investigation
[例] probe into his background 深入调查他的背景
[近] delve, explore, inquire; delving, disquisition, exploration, inquisition
symbol: [proʊb]
zhuji: 【记】因为有problem所以probe。
zhuji3000: 【根】 prob [prove, test] + -e [v.], 去检验 → v./n. 深入调查
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position: (19, 6)

正面: probity
definition: 【考法】n. 正直:faithfulness to high moral standards
[例] A person of indisputable probity should head the disciplinary panel. 一个真正正直的人应该来领导纪律委员会。
[近] honesty, integrity, rectitude, righteousness, uprightness
[反] unscrupulousness, shiftiness, baseness, dishonor, lowness 肆无忌惮,欺骗
symbol: ['proʊbəti]
zhuji: 【记】prob＝probe探索，ity性质：人人探索的性质－正直
zhuji3000: 【根】 prob [prove] + -ity [n.], 经受住检验的, prove (to be “right”) → n. 正直
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position: (19, 6)

正面: proclivity
definition: 【考法】n. 癖性,偏好:a natural propensity or inclination; predisposition
[例] show artistic proclivities at an early age 在很小的时候就表现出了对艺术的喜好
[近] aptitude, disposition, leaning, partiality, penchant, predilection, propensity
[反] aversion, antipathy, disinclination 厌恶,[反]感
symbol: [prə'klɪvəti]
zhuji: 【记】pro向前，cliv斜坡，ity－向前斜－倾向
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position: (19, 6)

正面: procrastinate
definition: 【考法】vi.(因为懒散)拖延:to put off doing something, especially out of habitual carelessness or laziness
[例] She procrastinated and missed the submission deadline. 她一直拖拖拉拉,导致错过了截止日期。
symbol: [proʊ'kræstɪneɪt]
zhuji: 【记】pro向前，crastin明天，ate吃－明天再吃吧－拖延pro前，crast＝crust面包皮，地壳，in，ate吃：给你吃面包皮，吃得很慢，所以拖延了时间。
zhuji3000: 【联】 pro- [forth] + crast [cast扔] + in + -ate [v.], 扔向前 [未来] , 扔到明天 → v. (因为懒散) 拖延
【参】 近义词propone, prolong
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position: (19, 6)

正面: procure
definition: 【考法】vt. 获得,取得:to get possession of
[例] procured the prisoner's release 得到了释放囚犯的许可
[近] acquire, attain, garner, knock down, pull down, bring in
[反] relinquish, forfeit, lose 放弃
symbol: [prə'kjʊr]
zhuji: 【记】pro向前，cure关心－关心向前发展－取得
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position: (19, 6)

正面: prod
definition: 【考法】vt. 促使…行动:to try to persuade(someone)through earnest appeals to follow a course of action
[例] The strike may prod the government into action. 罢工也许会迫使政府采取行动。
[近] encourage, exhort, goad, nudge, prompt, spur, egg on
[反] rein 抑制
symbol: [prɑ:d]
zhuji: 【记】pro向前，d的：因为推动促使，所以向前的。
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position: (19, 6)

正面: prodigal
definition: 【考法1】adj. 挥霍的:recklessly spendthrift
[例] prodigal outlays for her clothes 买衣服时挥金如土
[近] extravagant, profligate, squandering, unthrifty, wasteful
[反] frugal, parsimonious, conserving, economical, economizing, penny-pinching, scrimping, skimping, thrifty 节省的,吝啬的
[派] prodigality n. 浪费,挥霍
[反] penury 贫困; husbandry 节约
【考法2】n. 败家子:someone who spends money freely or foolishly
[例] The million-dollar lottery winner was such a prodigal that his windfall was exhausted after only a few years. 靠彩票中了百万的赢家是个败家子,几年之内就把这笔意外之财全部花完了。
[近] fritterer, high roller, profligate, spender, spendthrift, squanderer, waster, wastrel
[反] economizer, penny-pincher 吝啬的人
symbol: ['prɑ:dɪgl]
zhuji: 【记】pro前，dig挖，al所有－挖出家里的所有钱花掉－挥霍的
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position: (19, 7)

正面: prodigious
definition: 【考法1】adj. 巨大的:impressively great in size, force, or extent; enormous
[例] a prodigious supply of canned food kept in the basement 地下室贮存着的大量罐头食品
[近] colossal, elephantine, enormous, gigantic, titanic, tremendous
[反] slight 微小的
[派] prodigy n. 天才,神童
【考法2】adj. 惊人的,了不起的:causing wonder or astonishment
[例] stage magicians performing prodigious feats for rapt audiences 舞台魔术师在全神贯注的观众们面前表演惊人的技艺
[近] amazing, astonishing, astounding, awesome, fabulous, miraculous, portentous, staggering, stunning, stupendous, sublime, surprising
symbol: [prə'dɪʤəs]
zhuji: 【记】pro前，dig挖，ious多：挖出很多东西放在一起－巨大的
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position: (19, 7)

正面: profane
definition: 【考法1】vt. 亵渎:to treat(something sacred)with abuse, irreverence, or contempt
[例] Invading troops profaned the altar by playing poker on it. 侵略军亵渎了祭坛,竟然在上面打扑克。
[近] defile, violate
[派] profaned adj. 被亵渎的
[反] unviolated, inviolable 未被亵渎的,不可亵渎的
【考法2】vt. 滥用:to put to a bad or improper use
[例] He profaned his considerable acting talents by appearing in some wretched movies. 在一些烂俗的电影里面出现简直就是浪费他的表演才华。
[近] abuse, misemploy, misuse, pervert, prostitute
symbol: [prə'feɪn]
zhuji: 【记】pro前，fane（n 神庙）－在神庙前做坏事－亵渎pro前，fan犯，e：在神的面前犯错误－亵渎
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position: (19, 7)

正面: proffer
definition: 【考法】v./n. 献出,提供:to offer for acceptance; tender
[例] She proffered her assistance in helping the two sides reach a compromise. 她在斡旋双方达成妥协过程中尽了力。
[近] extend, give, tender, trot out
[反] retain, withhold 保留
symbol: ['prɑ:fər]
zhuji: 【记】pro向前，offer（v 提供）
zhuji3000: 【记】 pro- [forth] + (o) ffer [offer], offer (forth) → v./n. 献出,提供
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position: (19, 7)

正面: proficient
definition: 【考法】adj. 熟练的,精通的:having or marked by an advanced degree of competence, as in an art, vocation, profession, or branch of learning
[例] proficient in translating foreign languages 精通外语翻译
[近] accomplished, complete, expert, skilled, versed, virtuoso
[反] inept, incompetent, amateur, inexperienced, inexpert, jackleg, unprofessional, unseasoned, unskilled 无能的,没有经验的
symbol: [prə'fɪ∫nt]
zhuji: 【记】源于：profit（n 利润），由于profit的驱使，才有了proficient
zhuji3000: 【根】 pro- [before] + fic [make] + -ient [a.], make before, 之前做过 (所以熟练) → a. 熟练的,精通的
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position: (19, 7)

正面: profligate
definition: 【考法1】adj./n. 挥金如土的,挥霍的:recklessly wasteful; wildly extravagant
[例] leading a profligate life 过着骄奢淫逸的生活
[近] extravagant, high-rolling, spendthrift, squandering, thriftless, unthrifty, wasteful
[反] parsimonious, provident, thrift, economical, frugal, conserving 吝啬的,节俭的
【考法2】n. 败家子:someone who spends money freely or foolishly
[例] Profligate who could not really afford the grand style he maintained at Monticello, Jefferson died deeply in debt. 再也支撑不了在蒙蒂塞洛之时的大手大脚的作风,败家子杰斐逊最终深陷债务危机。
[近] fritterer, high roller, spender, spendthrift, squanderer, waster, wastrel
[反] economizer, penny-pincher 吝啬的人
【考法3】n. 堕落的人:a person who has sunk below the normal moral standard
[例] A drunken profligate, he was given to wretched excess in every aspect of his life. 他是一个堕落的醉鬼,在生活的方方面面都日趋堕落
[近] backslider, debauchee, decadent, deviate, libertine, pervert, profligate, rake, rakehell, rip
symbol: ['prɑ:flɪgət]
zhuji: 【记】pro向前，fli＝fly，gate门：向前飞过一扇（赌场）的大门－挥霍
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position: (19, 7)

正面: profundity
definition: 【考法】n. 深奥,深刻:something profound or abstruse
[例] His books are a mixture of playfulness and profundity. 他的作品都是搞笑和深刻的结合体。
[近] deepness, profoundness
[反] superficiality 肤浅
symbol: [prə'fʌndəti]
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position: (19, 7)

正面: profusion
definition: 【考法1】n. 丰富,大量:the state of being profuse; abundance
[例] snow falling in profusion 雪量很大
[近] abundance, mass, plentitude, scads, volume, wealth
[反] paucity 极小量
[派] profuse adj. 丰富的
[反] scanty 缺乏的
【考法2】n. 挥霍,浪费:the quality or fact of being free or wasteful in the expenditure of money
[例] In giving gifts to his girlfriend, he was generous to the point of profusion. 在给女朋友的礼物支出一项,他慷慨到了几乎奢侈的地步。
[近] extravagancy, lavishness, prodigality, wastefulness
[反] economy, frugality, penny-pinching 节俭
symbol: [prə'fju:ʒn]
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position: (19, 7)

正面: prohibitive
definition: 【考法1】adj. 禁止的;阻止的:tending to prohibit or restrain
【考法2】adj.(价格高得)抑制购买的:so high or burdensome as to discourage purchase or use
[例] prohibitive prices 抑制购买的高价
symbol: [prə'hɪbətɪv]
zhuji: 【记】源于：prohibit（v 禁止；阻止），阻止你的价格－昂贵的
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position: (19, 7)

正面: proliferate
definition: 【考法】vi. 快速繁殖;激增:to grow or multiply by rapidly producing new tissue, parts, cells, or offspring; to increase at a rapid rate
[例] Rumors about the accident proliferated on the Internet. 关于事故的小道消息在网上迅速扩散。
[近] balloon, boom, build up, escalate, expand, mushroom, snowball
[反] decrease in amount, dwindle, contract, decrease, diminish, lessen, recede, wane 数量减少,缩小
symbol: [prə'lɪfəreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】pro前，lifer生命，ate吃－生命吃饭－繁殖
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position: (19, 7)

正面: prolix
definition: 【考法】adj. 啰嗦的,冗长的:tending to speak or write at excessive length
[例] He habitually transforms brief anecdotes into prolix sagas that exhaust his listeners. 他总是将简短的小趣事变成冗长的传说故事,让听众很疲倦。
[近] diffuse, garrulous, rambling, verbose, windy
[反] pithy, taciturn, terse, succinct, concise, extremely brief 精炼的,寡言的
symbol: ['proʊlɪks]
zhuji: 【记】pro前，lix＝lex词语－话语太多－冗长的pro前面，lix读：立刻死－罗嗦唐僧在你的前面，你就会立刻死。
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position: (19, 8)

正面: prologue
definition: 【考法】n. 序言:the preface or introduction to a literary work
[例] The burglary, which he committed while still a teen, was but a prologue to a wasted life of crime 他青少年时犯过的入室抢劫拉开了他偷盗生涯的序幕。
[近] exordium, foreword, preamble, preface, prelude, proem, prolusion
[反] epilogue 结尾
symbol: ['proʊlɔ:g]
zhuji: 【记】pro前面，logue话－前面说的话－开场白
zhuji3000: 【根】 pro- [before] + logue [speak], 前面的话 → n. 前言,序言
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position: (19, 8)

正面: prolong
definition: 【考法】vt. 延长,拖延:to lengthen in extent, scope, or range
[例] Additives are used to prolong the shelf life of packaged food. 添加剂被用来延长包装食品的保存期限。
[近] elongate, lengthen, outstretch, protract, stretch, drag(out), draw out
[反] abbreviate, abridge, curtail, cut, cut back, shorten, truncate 截短
symbol: [prə'lɔ:ŋ]
zhuji: 【记】pro向前，long长－拉长
zhuji3000: 【根】 pro [forth] + long [long], (向前) 伸长 → vt. 延长,拖延
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position: (19, 8)

正面: promulgate
definition: 【考法】vt. 正式宣布:to make known openly or publicly
[例] The law was promulgated in June 1988. 法律在1988年6月出台。
[近] annunciate, declare, enunciate, proclaim, publicize, herald
[反] keep secret 保密
symbol: ['prɑ:mlgeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】pro前，mulg人民，ate－放在人民前面－颁布pro前，mu木，l，gate门：向前开木门，出来后颁布
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position: (19, 8)

正面: proofread
definition: 【考法】vt. 校对:to read(copy or proof)in order to find errors and mark corrections
[例] She proofread the paper carefully. 她仔细把论文校对了。
symbol: ['pru:fri:d]
zhuji3000: 【记】 proof + read, 为了证实 (保证没有错误) 而阅读 → vt. 校对
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position: (19, 8)

正面: propagate
definition: 【考法1】v. 繁殖:to(cause to)continue or increase by sexual or asexual reproduction
[例] The dams along the river are interfering with the salmon's ability to propagate. 河上的大坝影响了大马哈鱼的繁殖。
[近] breed, multiply, reproduce
[反] fail to multiply 繁殖失败
【考法2】vt. 传播,宣传:to cause to spread out and affect a greater number or greater area; extend
[例] the various ways in which churches can propagate the faith 不同的宣传教义的方法
[近] broadcast, circulate, disseminate
[反] check 阻止
symbol: ['prɑ:pəgeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】pro前，pa趴，gate门－向前趴在门上，联想上宿舍推销的人员－传播－一个传播一个－繁殖
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position: (19, 8)

正面: propensity
definition: 【考法】n. 倾向,癖好:an often intense natural inclination or preference
[例] a neighbor who has an unfortunate propensity for snooping 好管闲事的邻居
[近] affinity, aptitude, bent, partiality, penchant, predilection, predisposition, proclivity
[反] aversion 厌恶
symbol: [prə'pensəti]
zhuji: 【记】pro前，pens挂，ity－提前挂在心里－癖好
zhuji3000: 【根】 pro- [forth] + pens [hang] + -ity [n.], hang forth, 挂到前面 (某事物优先) → n. 倾向,癖好
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position: (19, 8)

正面: prophetic
definition: 【考法】adj. 预言的,预示的:foretelling events: predictive
[例] Those lower-than-expected sales numbers were a prophetic indicator of the financial trouble the company would soon be in. 那些低于预期的销售数字就是公司即将陷入金融危机的先兆。
[近] predictive
symbol: [prə'fetɪk]
zhuji3000: 【根】 pro- [before] + phet [say] + -ic [a.], say before [outcome] → a. 预言的,预示的
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position: (19, 8)

正面: propitiate
definition: 【考法】vt. 抚慰,劝解:to conciliate(an offended power); appease
[例] The temple was built to honor the gods in times of plenty and to propitiate them in times of trouble. 该庙宇的作用是,丰收之时感谢神明,有难之时安抚神明。
[近] appease, assuage, conciliate, disarm, mollify, placate
[反] enrage, incense, inflame, infuriate, ire, madden, outrage, antagonize, arouse hostility 激怒
symbol: [prə'pɪ∫ieɪt]
zhuji: 【记】pro前，pit＝pet寻求，iate－向前寻求和解－讨好pro前，pit坑，I，ate吃：在发怒的一方摆着一坑的吃的－使息怒
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position: (19, 8)

正面: propitious
definition: 【考法】adj. 吉祥的:favorably disposed: pointing toward a happy outcome
[例] propitious sign 吉祥的征兆
[近] auspicious, encouraging, fair, heartening, optimistic, promising, upbeat
[反] dim, discouraging, disheartening, futureless, hopeless, inauspicious, unfavorable, unpromising, unpropitious 不吉利的
symbol: [prə'pɪ∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】pro前，pit＝pet寻求，ious－向前寻求吉利的
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position: (19, 8)

正面: proponent
definition: 【考法】n. 建议者,支持者:one who argues in support of something; an advocate
[例] a proponent of the use of electric-powered cars 电动能源汽车的支持者
[近] advocate, apostle, champion, expounder, espouser, friend, promoter, supporter, protagonist
[反] adversary, antagonist, opponent, detractor 诋毁者,[反]对者
symbol: [prə'poʊnənt]
zhuji: 【记】源于：prone（adj 倾向于）倾向于一方的人－支持者
zhuji3000: 【根】 pro- [forth] + pon [put] + -ent [n.], put forth (to the public), (向公众) 提出 → n. 建议者,支持者
[注] 词组put forth和put forward都有“提出”的含义
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position: (19, 9)

正面: propriety
definition: 【考法1】n. 礼节:conformity to what is socially acceptable in conduct or speech
[例] When attending a wedding, there are certain proprieties that must be followed. 参加婚礼时,有一些礼节需要遵守。
[近] decorum, form, etiquette
[反] impropriety, indecency, indecorum 不合礼节
【考法2】n. 适当,得体:the quality or state of being especially suitable or fitting
[例] I'm not sure about the propriety of serving champagne in these glasses. 我不确定在这些杯子里倒香槟是否得体。
[近] appositeness, aptness, felicity, fitness, properness, rightness, seemliness, suitability
[反] improperness, impropriety, inappositeness, inappropriateness, inaptness, infelicity, unfitness, unseemliness, unsuitability, wrongness 不得体
symbol: [prə'praɪəti]
zhuji: 【记】源于：proper（adj 适当的；有礼貌的）
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position: (19, 9)

正面: prosaic
definition: 【考法】adj. 单调的,常见的:being of the type that is encountered in the normal course of events
[例] prosaic advice 老掉牙的建议
[近] commonplace, everyday, routine, unexceptional, unremarkable, workaday
[反] abnormal, exceptional, extraordinary, odd, out-of-the-way, strange, exciting, preternatural, ingenious, imaginary 不寻常的,有独创性的
symbol: [prə'zeɪɪk]
zhuji: 【记】源于：prose（n 散文），aic－散文一般单调的pro前面，sai塞，c：文章的前面塞了很多无聊的东西－单调的
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position: (19, 9)

正面: proscribe
definition: 【考法】vt. 禁止,排斥:to prohibit; forbid
[例] acts proscribed by law 被法律禁止的行为
[近] ban, enjoin, interdict, outlaw, prohibit
[反] sanction, permit, allow, let, suffer 允许
symbol: [proʊ'skraɪb]
zhuji: 【记】pro前，scribe写－写在前面－禁止
zhuji3000: 【根】 pro- [in front of] + scrib [write] + -e [v.], write (the forbidden) in front of (the public) → vt. 禁止,排斥
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position: (19, 9)

正面: prosecution
definition: 【考法】n. 实行,执行:the doing of an action
[例] oversee the prosecution of the president's foreign policy 监督总统对外政策的执行情况
[近] accomplishment, achievement, discharge, enactment, execution, fulfillment, implementation, performance, perpetration, pursuance
[反] nonfulfillment, nonperformance 不履行,不完成
symbol: [ˌprɑ:sɪ'kju:∫n]
zhuji: 【记】pro前，secu跟随，tion：跟随你，发现你的罪行－检举
zhuji3000: 【根】 pro- [forth] + secu [follow] + -tion [n.], follow forth, 按照 (计划) “向前”做 → n. 实行,执行
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position: (19, 9)

正面: proselytize
definition: 【考法】v.(使)改变信仰:to persuade to change to one's religious faith
[例] The efforts of early missionaries to proselytize the Native Americans of Minnesota were largely unproductive. 早期传教士对明尼苏达土著人进行的改变信仰的努力大多无功而返。
[近] convert
symbol: ['prɑ:sələtaɪz]
zhuji3000: 【联】 pro- [forth] + se- [away] + lyt [lit, light的过去式] + ize [v.], (使) 从此之后离开信仰 (点亮自己的东西) → v. (使) 改变信仰
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position: (19, 9)

正面: prospect
definition: 【考法1】v. 探查,勘探:to go into or range over for purposes of discovery
[例] People had arrived in the valley to prospect for gold. 人们来到山谷淘金。
[近] hunt, probe, search, skirr
【考法2】n. 期待,期望的事物:the act or state of looking forward to some occurrence
[例] The prospect of a quiet, restful Sunday ended when our basement flooded. 对一个宁静休闲的周日的期待被地下室涨水打破了。
[近] anticipation, contemplation, expectancy
symbol: ['prɑ:spekt]
zhuji: 【记】pro前，spect看：向前看－景色，勘探
zhuji3000: 【根】 pro- [forth] + spect [look], look forth (for gold, minerals, etc.) → v. 探查,勘探;look forth, look forward → n. 期待,期望的事物
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position: (19, 9)

正面: prosperous
definition: 【考法】adj. 成功的,繁盛的:marked by vigorous growth and well-being especially economically
[例] The company had a prosperous year. 公司今年业绩斐然。
[近] booming, flourishing, halcyon, lush, palmy, roaring, thriving
[反] depressed 萧条的;impecunious 贫穷的
symbol: ['prɑ:spərəs]
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position: (19, 9)

正面: prostrate
definition: 【考法1】adj./vt. 平躺(的)/使平躺:lying flat or at full length
[例] He was lying prostrate on the bed. 他平躺在床上。
[反] erect, upright 直立的
【考法2】adj./v. 衰弱的/使衰竭:to reduce to extreme weakness or incapacitation
[例] illness that prostrated an entire family 将整个家庭拖垮的疾病
[近] debilitated, effete, enervated, enfeebled, languid, sapped; debilitate, devitalize, enervate, enfeeble, etiolate, sap, tire
[反] fortify, strengthen, beef up 加强
symbol: ['prɑ:streɪt]
zhuji: 【记】pro前，strate＝state（n 国家）：对于国家的前任领导人要屈服－俯卧
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position: (19, 9)

正面: protean
definition: 【考法】adj. 善变的;多才多艺的:displaying great diversity or variety; versatile
[例] He loved to show off his protean talent. 他喜欢炫耀自己多样的才华。
[近] adaptable, universal, all-around
[反] static 固定的
symbol: ['proʊtiən]
zhuji: 【记】源于：Proteus普罗特斯，一个能任意改变自己外形的海神
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position: (19, 9)

正面: protocol
definition: 【考法】n. 正确的礼仪规范:a code of correct conduct
[例] a breach of protocol 对社交礼仪的破坏
symbol: ['proʊtəkɔ:l]
zhuji: 【记】pro前面，to头，col＝coll－前面的头要酷一点儿－礼节
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position: (19, 10)

正面: protract
definition: 【考法】vt. 延长,拖长:to draw out or lengthen in time; prolong
[近] elongate, lengthen, prolong, stretch, drag out, draw out
[反] curtail, abridge, abbreviate, shorten, cut back缩减
symbol: [prə'trækt]
zhuji: 【记】pro前，tract拉－向前拉－延长时间
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position: (19, 10)

正面: protrude
definition: 【考法】vi. 突出:to jut out; project; bulge
[例] a handkerchief protruding from his breast pocket 手帕从他的上衣口袋里伸出来
[近] bulge, overhang, poke, project, stand out, stick out
[反] concave 凹陷
symbol: [proʊ'tru:d]
zhuji: 【记】pro前，trude伸出－向前伸出－伸出
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position: (19, 10)

正面: protuberant
definition: 【考法】adj. 隆起的,凸出的:thrusting out from a surrounding or adjacent surface often as a rounded mass
[例] protuberant eyes 暴鱼眼
[反] depressed 下陷的
[派] protuberance n. 隆起
[反] concavity 凹陷
symbol: [proʊ'tu:bərənt]
zhuji: 【记】pro前，tuber块茎，ant－块茎－突出
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position: (19, 10)

正面: provident
definition: 【考法1】adj. 节俭的:frugal; economical
[例] It is possible to be provident without being miserly. 人可以做到节俭但不吝啬。
[近] economical, sparing, thrifty, farsighted, provident, scrimpy
[反] profligate 挥霍的
【考法2】adj. 有远见的:having or showing awareness of and preparation for the future
[例] Her provident measures kept us safe while we waited out the hurricane. 她之前有远见的准备措施让我们在等待飓风结束的期间安然无恙。
[近] farseeing, farsighted, forehanded, foreseeing, forethoughtful, prescient, proactive, visionary
[反] half-baked, half-cocked, improvident, myopic, shortsighted 目光短浅的
symbol: ['prɑ:vɪdənt]
zhuji: 【记】pro前，vid看，ent－向前看的－有远见的
zhuji3000: 【根】 pro- [forth] + vid [see] + -ent [a.], see forth, 看到未来 → a. 有远见的;看到未来有可能的变故 → a. 节俭的
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position: (19, 10)

正面: providential
definition: 【考法】adj. 天意的,幸运(的):happening as if through divine intervention
[例] a providential escape 幸运的逃脱
[近] lucky, fluky, fortuitous
[反] unfortunate, mishap, hapless, ill-fated, ill-starred, luckless, star-crossed 不幸的
symbol: [ˌprɑ:vɪ'den∫l]
zhuji: 【记】pro前，vid看，ential：总是向前看，不容易失败－幸运的
zhuji3000: 【根】 pro- [forth] + vid [see] + -ent + -ial [a.], see forth → 神的 (因为只有神才可以真正看到未来) → a.天意的,幸运 (的)
[注] 名词形式providence [n. 天意,深谋远虑]
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position: (19, 10)

正面: provincial
definition: 【考法】adj./n. 狭隘(的):limited in perspective; narrow and self-centered
[例] an artist who has been criticized for being provincial 一个被批评非常狭隘的艺术家
[近] illiberal, insular, parochial, sectarian, narrow-minded
[反] ecumenical, broad-minded, catholic, cosmopolitan, liberal, open, open-minded, receptive, tolerant 世界范围的,开放的,包容的
symbol: [prə'vɪn∫l]
zhuji: 【记】源于：province（n 省）－地方性的－狭隘的
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position: (19, 10)

正面: provisional
definition: 【考法】adj. 临时的:provided or serving only for the time being; temporary
[例] He was appointed provisional executor of the industrialist's vast estate. 在遗嘱中,他被指定为那位实业家的庞大资产的临时保管人。
[近] impermanent, interim, provisionary, short-term
[反] long-term, permanent 永久的
symbol: [prə'vɪʒənl]
zhuji: 【记】pro前，vision（n 视力；幻想），al：前面的幻想是临时的。
zhuji3000: 【根】 pro- [forth] + vis [see] + -ion + -al [a.], see forth, 目前的 → a. 临时的
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position: (19, 10)

正面: provisory
definition: 【考法】adj. 有附带条件的;临时的:depending on a proviso; conditional; serving in a position for the time being
[例] a provisory permit to block off the street while movie scenes were being shot 一个同意在电影拍摄期间封锁道路的临时许可
[近] interim, provisional, provisionary, provisory
[反] unconditional, long-term, permanent 无条件的,永久的
symbol: [prə'vaɪzəri]
zhuji: 【记】pro前，vis看，ory＝story：在合同前面看的故事－附带条件
zhuji3000: 【根】 pro- [forth] + vis [see] + -ory [a.], provided that → a. 有附带条件的;provisional → a. 临时的
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position: (19, 10)

正面: provoke
definition: 【考法1】vt. 激怒:to incite to anger or resentment
[例] His teasing finally provoked her. 他的调戏最终把她激怒了。
[近] arouse, excite, incite, instigate, pique, stimulate, stir, fire up
【考法2】vt. 驱使,激起:to stir to action or feeling
[例] rankings that are sure to provoke an argument among film critics 必将引发影评家们争论的排名
[近] abet, ferment, foment, instigate, stir up, whip up
If you put out your hands, you are a laborer; if you put out your hands and mind, you are a craftsperson; if you put out your hands, mind, heart and soul, you are an artist.
如果你用双手工作,你是一个劳力;如果你用双手和头脑工作,你是一个工匠;如果你用双手和头脑工作,并且全身心投入,你就是一个艺术家。
——美国电影American Heart and Soul
录取学校:Massachusetts Inst. of Technology)
symbol: [prə'voʊk]
zhuji: 【记】pro前，voke喊－在别人前面喊－激怒
zhuji3000: 【根】 pro- [forth] + voke [call], call forth, 吆喝着…向前 (对马说“驾”) → vt. 驱使,激起;这种不礼貌的行为所带来的后果 → vt. 激怒
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position: (19, 10)

正面: prowess
definition: 【考法】n. 英勇,勇敢:superior strength, courage, or daring, especially in battle
[例] his prowess on the football field 他在球场上过人的勇气
[近] bravery, courageousness, daring, gallantry, guts, intrepidity
[反] timid, cowardice, cravenness, dastardliness, poltroonery 胆小,懦弱
symbol: ['praʊəs]
zhuji: 【记】源于：power（n 能力；力量）
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position: (20, 1)

正面: prowl
definition: 【考法】v. 潜行于,巡游以猎取食物;徘徊:to roam through stealthily, as in search of prey or plunder
[例] I prowled the shop looking for sales. 我在商店里转悠,寻找打折商品。
symbol: ['praʊl]
zhuji: 【记】pro前，owl（n 猫头鹰）晚上无声飞行觅食的动物－偷偷找
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position: (20, 1)

正面: prude
definition: 【考法】n. 过分正经的人:一个过分关心自己是否得体、谦逊或正确的人:a person who is greatly concerned with seemly behavior and morality especially regarding sexual matters
[例] The racy sitcom frequently satirizes exactly the sort of prude who would like to see the show taken off the air. 这部活泼生动的情景喜剧正是在讽刺那种过分正经的人,他们希望取消这种娱乐性节目。
[近] bluenose, moralist, puritan
[反] immoralist 不道德的人
symbol: [pru:d]
zhuji: 【记】prud小心，e－小心的人－过分守礼的人读：不rude（adj 粗俗的）－不粗俗－过分有礼的人
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position: (20, 1)

正面: prudent
definition: 【考法1】adj. 明智的:marked by wisdom or judiciousness; wise
[例] prudent advice 明智的建议
[近] advisable, desirable, judicious, politic, tactical, intelligent
[反] foolish 傻的
【考法2】adj. 小心谨慎的,审慎的:marked by circumspection
symbol: ['pru:dnt]
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position: (20, 1)

正面: prudish
definition: 【考法】adj. 过分守礼的:marked by prudery
[例] By the prudish standards of the 19th century, any depiction of the nude was scandalous. 根据19世纪的保守标准,任何对裸露的刻画描述都是下流无耻的。
[近] nice-nelly, prim, puritanical
symbol: ['pru:dɪ∫]
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position: (20, 1)

正面: prune
definition: 【考法1】n. 梅干:a plum dried or capable of drying without fermentation
【考法2】vt. 修剪;修整:to cut off or remove dead or living parts or branches of(a plant, for example)to improve shape or growth
[例] The students were asked to prune their essays. 学生们被要求修改文章。
[近] shave, shear, snip, trim
symbol: [pru:n]
zhuji: 【记】中间有一个run，跑过去吃梅干，记住还有修剪的意思。
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position: (20, 1)

正面: pry
definition: 【考法】vi. 刺探,打听:to look or inquire closely, curiously, or impertinently
[例] Don't go prying into other people's business. 别去打探别人的事。
[近] interlope, intermeddle, intrude, nose, obtrude, snoop
symbol: [praɪ]
zhuji: 【记】源于：spy（n 特工人员；v 侦察）
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position: (20, 1)

正面: pseudonym
definition: 【考法】n. 假名,笔名:a fictitious name
[例] Mark Twain is the pseudonym of the American writer Samuel L. Clemens. 马克·吐温是美国作家塞缪尔·L·克莱门斯的笔名。
[近] alias, nom de guerre
symbol: ['su:dənɪm]
zhuji: 【记】pseudo假，nym＝name－假名
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position: (20, 1)

正面: psychology
definition: 【考法1】n. 心理学:the science that deals with mental processes and behavior
[例] She studied psychology in college. 她大学专业是心理学。
【考法2】n. 心理战术:subtle tactical action or argument used to manipulate or influence another
[例] He used poor psychology on his employer when trying to make the point. 他表达观点时,对老板用了拙劣的心理战术。
symbol: [saɪ'kɑ:ləʤi]
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position: (20, 1)

正面: pucker
definition: 【考法】v. 撅(嘴),(使)收缩:to(cause to)become gathered, contracted, and wrinkled
[例] pucker my lips 撅起嘴
symbol: ['pʌkər]
zhuji: 【记】读：拍拖－需要kiss，就会噘嘴，就会起皱
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position: (20, 1)

正面: puckish
definition: 【考法】adj. 淘气的,顽皮的:mischievous; impish
[例] She had a puckish smile on her face. 她脸上挂着顽皮的笑容。
[近] devilish, impish, prankish, waggish
[反] sober, grave, staid 严肃的
symbol: ['pʌkɪ∫]
zhuji: 【记】总是要pucker（v 噘嘴）别的小女生，淘气的。
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position: (20, 2)

正面: puerile
definition: 【考法】adj. 幼稚的,不成熟的:immature; lacking in adult experience or maturity
[例] puerile remarks 幼稚的评论
[近] adolescent, green, immature, unfledged, unformed, unripened
[反] adult, experienced, grown-up, mature, ripe, sagacious 睿智的,成熟的
symbol: ['pjʊrəl]
zhuji: 【记】puer＝boy男孩，ile－男孩的－幼稚的puer＝pure（adj 纯的），ile：纯洁的是小孩，小孩是幼稚的。
zhuji3000: 【联】 puer [pure] + -ile [a.] → a. 幼稚的,不成熟的
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position: (20, 2)

正面: puissance
definition: 【考法】n. 权力:power; might
[例] The president pledged to put the full puissance of the nation into the war effort. 总统下令全国进入战争状态。
[近] force, might, potency, strength, vigor, sinew
[反] powerlessness, impotence, weakness 无力
symbol: ['pwɪsəns]
zhuji: 【记】pu扑，is，san三，ce死：我扑上去能让你死三次－威力源于：power（n 权力）
zhuji3000: 【联】 puiss [puls, push] + -ance [n.], 能够推动 (社会的发展) → n. 权力
[反] impuissance [n. 无权,虚弱]
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position: (20, 2)

正面: pulchritude
definition: 【考法】n. 美丽:great physical beauty and appeal
[反] ugliness, homeliness, hideousness 丑陋,平庸
symbol: ['pʌlkrɪtju:d]
zhuji: 【记】pulchri作为词根是美丽的意思读：跑快tude－跑快一点儿，那边有美女。
zhuji3000: 【联】 pul [词根puls, impulse] + chr [cheer] + -itude [n.], 推动、促进愉快的属性或品质 → n. 美丽
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position: (20, 2)

正面: pulverize
definition: 【考法】vt. 将…研磨成粉;将…彻底摧毁:to pound, crush or grind to powder or dust; to bring to a complete end the physical soundness, existence, or usefulness of
[例] Bits of pulverized rock filled the air. 被碾碎的岩石碎片充斥在空气里。
[反] solidify, build, construct, erect, put up, raise, rear, set up 硬化,构建
symbol: ['pʌlvəraɪz]
zhuji: 【记】读：power（n 力量），ize－用力量压成细粉；彻底击败
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position: (20, 2)

正面: pun
definition: 【考法】n. 双关语:the usually humorous use of a word in such a way as to suggest two or more of its meanings or the meaning of another word similar in sound
[例] He's a skillful pilot whose career has—no pun intended—really taken off. 她是个技术娴熟的飞行员,飞行生涯——没有别的意思——真正腾飞了。
symbol: [pʌn]
zhuji: 【记】Seven days without water make one weak/week 可以有两种理解。七天没有水使人虚弱；七天没有水也成一星期
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position: (20, 2)

正面: punctilious
definition: 【考法】adj. 注意细节的,一丝不苟的:strictly attentive to minute details of form in action or conduct
[近] decorous, proper, starchy, stilted
[反] remiss, slipshod, casual, easygoing, informal, laid-back, unceremonious 粗心的
symbol: [pʌŋk'tɪliəs]
zhuji: 【记】punct点，尖，ilious－注意每个点－小心的读：胖ctiliouis，胖子在吃东西的时候要小心。
zhuji3000: 【根】 punct [prick] + il + -ious [a.], 能够注意像刺一样微小的事物 → a. 注意细节的,一丝不苟的
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position: (20, 2)

正面: pundit
definition: 【考法】n. 权威人士,专家:a person who gives opinions in an authoritative manner usually through the mass media
[例] The new laptop has gotten a thumbs-up from industry pundits. 新出的笔记本电脑受到了业界专家的一致好评。
[近] savant, scholar
symbol: ['pʌndɪt]
zhuji: 【记】源于：pedant（n 书呆子）p屁，und＝under，it：屁股总是坐在椅子上面－权威人士，专家。读：胖大海－专家作讲座的时候爱喝胖大海。
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position: (20, 2)

正面: pungent
definition: 【考法】adj. 辛辣的,讽刺的:marked by the use of wit that is intended to cause hurt feelings
[例] pungent language 辛辣讽刺的语言
[近] acerbic, acid, acrid, caustic, mordant, sardonic, scalding, scathing
symbol: ['pʌnʤənt]
zhuji: 【记】pung刺，ent－刺激的
zhuji3000: 【根】 pung [punct, prick] + -ent [a.], (话语) 有刺的 → a. 辛辣的,讽刺的
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position: (20, 2)

正面: puny
definition: 【考法】adj. 微小的,弱小的:of inferior size, strength, or significance; weak
[例] I wouldn't mess with him—he makes bodybuilders look puny in comparison. 我不敢招惹他——其他健身的人和他比起来都像小孩。
[近] diminutive, dwarfish, slight, subnormal
[反] enormous, considerable, grand, husky, king-size, outsize, overscale, substantial, whacking, whopping 巨大的
symbol: ['pju:ni]
zhuji: 【记】源于：pony（小马）pu扑，ny你：我敢扑上去打你，是因为你体格弱小的
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position: (20, 2)

正面: purity
definition: 【考法】n. 纯净;纯洁,纯正:the quality or state of being clean; the quality or state of being morally pure
[例] struggle to live a life of purity while surrounded by wickedness 即使周围充满邪恶,也要使自己的生命纯粹、完美
[近] chasteness, immaculacy, innocence, modesty
[反] impurity, unchasteness, unchastity 堕落,没有节操
[派] impurity n. 杂质;purist n. 纯粹主义者
symbol: ['pjʊrəti]
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position: (20, 3)

正面: purlieu
definition: 【考法1】n. 常去的地方:a place for spending time or for socializing
[例] The restaurant, the preferred purlieu of the theatergoing crowd, is always packed an hour or two before showtime. 观剧的人群经常去的那间餐厅总是在演出开始前一两个小时爆满。
[近] haunt, rendezvous, resort, stamping ground, stomping ground
【考法2】n. 临近的地区:an adjoining region or space
[例] We stopped at one of the several pubs in the purlieus of the stadium. 我们在体育馆附近的一间酒吧前停下来。
[近] backyard, neighborhood, vicinage, vicinity
symbol: ['pɜ:rlu:]
zhuji: 【记】pur，lie猎，u－打猎的场所－森林的边缘地区－猎人常去的地方
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position: (20, 3)

正面: purloin
definition: 【考法】vt. 偷窃:to steal, often in a violation of trust
[例] fearing that someone might attempt to purloin a copy of the script for the show's season finale 害怕该剧的完季那集剧本被盗
[近] appropriate, filch, pilfer, snitch, thieve
symbol: [pɜ:r'lɔɪn]
zhuji: 【记】pur＝pure，loin＝lion：纯洁的狮子－非常罕见－有很多人想偷。
zhuji3000: 【联】 pur (se) [钱包] + lo (st) [丢失] + in [于] , 钱包丢失于v. 偷窃
【根】 pur [pro-, forth] + loin [long] , 指“ (手臂) 向前 [pur-] 伸长 [loin] ”, 偷别人的东西
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position: (20, 3)

正面: purvey
definition: 【考法】v.(大量)供给,供应:to supply(food, for example); furnish
[例] a little shop purveying handmade merchandise 出售手工商品的小店
symbol: [pər'veɪ]
zhuji: 【记】源于：provide（v 供应）＋convey（v 搬运）
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position: (20, 3)

正面: pusillanimous
definition: 【考法】adj. 懦弱的,胆小得令人鄙视的:lacking courage and resolution, marked by contemptible timidity
[例] pusillanimous politicians who vote according to whichever way the political wind is blowing 胆小懦弱的政客,舆论风吹向谁就投票给谁
[近] craven, dastardly, gutless, poltroon, recreant, spineless
[反] brave, courageous, daring, dauntless, doughty, gallant, gutsy, intrepid, lionhearted, stalwart, stout, stouthearted, valiant, valorous 勇敢的
symbol: [ˌpju:sɪ'lænɪməs]
zhuji: 【记】pus＝put，ill，anim＝animal，ous一生病的小动物在一起－胆小的
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position: (20, 3)

正面: quack
definition: 【考法】n. 骗子医生,江湖郎中:a pretender to medical skill
[例] Don't bother to see that guy, as I've heard he's a quack with no actual training. 别再找他看病了,我听说他就是个没有真才实学的江湖郎中。
[近] charlatan, fake, fraud, hoaxer, mountebank, phony
[反] honest practitioner 诚实从业者
symbol: [kwæk]
zhuji: 【记】读：quick（adj 快的）见到庸医就快走
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position: (20, 3)

正面: quaff
definition: 【考法】vt. 大口地喝:to drink(a beverage)heartily
[例] He stopped at a bar and quaffed a few beers. 他在酒吧停下来,痛饮了几杯啤酒。
[近] gulp, swig, swill
symbol: [kwæf]
zhuji: 【记】qu去，aff读：爱抚：想要去aff别人，需要你多喝一点儿－畅饮读：夸父（追日），是渴死的，需要畅饮。
zhuji3000: 【联】 读音类似“夸父”,夸父追日,渴疾痛饮 → v. 大口地喝
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position: (20, 3)

正面: quail
definition: 【考法】vi. 胆怯,畏缩:to shrink back in fear; cower
[例] She quailed at the thought of seeing him again. 她想到还要再见他就害怕。
[近] blench, cringe, recoil, shrink, wince
[反] become resolute, give bold 变得坚决、大胆
symbol: [kweɪl]
zhuji: 【记】源于：qu去，ail（n 小病）象声词“哎哟”
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position: (20, 3)

正面: qualify
definition: 【考法1】vt. 限定:to reduce from a general to a particular or restricted form
[派] qualified adj. 有限制的,不完全的
[例] qualified support 有限的支持
[反] unreserved, absolute, categorical 无保留的,不受限制的
【考法2】vt. 使有资格,使有能力:to make competent(as by training, skill, or ability)for a particular office or function
[例] Raising five children has qualified her to be an advice columnist on parenting. 抚养五个孩子的经历让她成为了育儿板块的专栏作家。
[近] equip, fit, prepare, ready, season, train
symbol: ['kwɑ:lɪfaɪ]
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position: (20, 3)

正面: quandary
definition: 【考法】n. 困惑,窘境:a state of perplexity or doubt
[例] I've had two job offers, and I'm in a real quandary about/over which one to accept. 我有两个工作机会,但实在是进退两难,不知道应该选哪一个。
[近] catch-22, double bind
[反] state of complete certainty 胸有成竹
symbol: ['kwɑ:ndəri]
zhuji: 【记】quan圈，dary：想象唐僧在悟空画的圈里面想救人又怕白骨精吃了的心理状态－进退两难。
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position: (20, 3)

正面: quarantine
definition: 【考法】n. 隔离:enforced isolation or restriction of free movement imposed to prevent the spread of contagious disease
[例] The cows will be kept in quarantine for another two weeks. 牛群还需要被隔离观察两周。
symbol: ['kwɔ:rənti:n]
zhuji: 【记】quaran四十，tine＝time：原指隔离40天。
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position: (20, 4)

正面: quarry
definition: 【考法1】n. 采石场:an open excavation or pit from which stone is obtained by digging, cutting, or blasting
【考法2】n. 目标,猎物:an object of pursuit
[例] a hunter relentlessly tracking his quarry 无情捕杀猎物的猎人
[近] prey
[反] predator 捕猎者
symbol: ['kwɔ:ri]
zhuji: 【记】为了quarry，大家会quarrel（n /v 吵架）
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position: (20, 4)

正面: quash
definition: 【考法】vt. 镇压,阻止:to put a stop to(something)by the use of force
[例] quash a rebellion 镇压一次叛变
[近] repress, squelch, subdue, suppress, clamp down on, crack down on
[反] engender, foment 引起,煽动
symbol: [kwɔ:∫]
zhuji: 【记】qu去，ash灰烬：把法律条文烧成灰烬－取消，废除
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position: (20, 4)

正面: quaver
definition: 【考法】vi. 发颤音:to speak in a quivering voice; utter a quivering sound
[例] His voice quavered during the speech. 整个演讲过程中,他的声音都是颤抖的。
[近] tremble,trill
symbol: ['kweɪvər]
zhuji: 【记】源于：quiver（n 震动；颤抖；箭袋）
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position: (20, 4)

正面: quell
definition: 【考法1】vt. 压制:to put down forcibly; suppress
[例] quell riot 镇压骚乱
[近] quash, repress, squash, squelch, subdue, suppress, clamp down on, crack down on
【考法2】vt. 使平静,使安静:to pacify; quiet
[例] quell fears 减轻害怕
[近] dumb, extinguish, hush, mute, settle
[反] foment, instigate, rouse, incite 煽动
symbol: [kwel]
zhuji: 【记】que缺，ll想成两把枪：因为他们没有枪，我们才能用武力镇压。Qu＝squ压制
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position: (20, 4)

正面: quench
definition: 【考法1】vt. 熄灭:to put out(a fire, for example); extinguish
[例] We thoroughly quenched the campfire before we headed to bed. 我们在睡前把营火完全熄灭了。
[近] blanket, douse, put out, snuff out
[反] fire, ignite, inflame, kindle, light 点燃
【考法2】vt. 使满足:to put a complete end to(a physical need or desire)
[例] This lemonade really quenches my thirst. 这杯柠檬汁真是解渴。
[近] assuage, sate, satiate, slake
symbol: [kwent∫]
zhuji: 【记】读：困ch，既然困了就应该熄灭欲火，抑止欲望
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position: (20, 4)

正面: querulous
definition: 【考法】adj. 抱怨的,爱发牢骚的:habitually complaining
[例] a querulous voice 抱怨的声音
[近] crabby, cranky, grouchy, grumpy
[反] forbearing, long-suffering, patient, stoic, tolerant, uncomplaining 容忍的
symbol: ['kwerələs]
zhuji: 【记】querul＝question，ous多：问题很多－抱怨的que缺，rul＝rule规则，ous：此处缺乏规则－抱怨的
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position: (20, 4)

正面: quibble
definition: 【考法1】vi. 吹毛求疵:to find fault or criticize for petty reasons; cavil
[例] She spent the entire evening quibbling about the historical inaccuracies in the television series on World War Ⅱ. 她一整晚都在对那部关于二战的电视剧里的历史错误吹毛求疵。
[近] carp, cavil, fuss, niggle, nitpick
【考法2】n. 牵强之词:微不足道的差别或不切中要点的异议,小反对:a minor objection or criticism
[例] My only quibble about the trip was that it rained a lot. 我对这次旅行唯一的小不满就是下雨有点多。
symbol: ['kwɪbl]
zhuji: 【记】读：快跑。见到有人quibble就快跑。
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position: (20, 4)

正面: quiescent
definition: 【考法】adj. 平静的,静止的:being quiet, still, or at rest; inactive
[例] a group of quiescent loungers 一群平静懒散的流浪汉
[近] dull, inert, lethargic, sluggish, torpid
[反] rambunctious, tumultuous, active, restlessly active 骚乱的
symbol: [kwi'esnt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 qui [quiet] + escent [a., become], (become) quiet → a. 平静的,静止的
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position: (20, 4)

正面: quixotic
definition: 【考法】adj. 不切实际的,空想的:having or marked by a tendency to be guided more by ideals than by reality
[例] She had quixotic dreams about the future. 她对未来有着幻想。
[近] impractical, ideal, romantic, starry, utopian, visionary
[反] clear-eyed, clear-sighted 聪明的
symbol: [kwɪk'sɑ:tɪk]
zhuji: 【记】源自Don Quixote米古尔·德·塞万提斯所描绘的浪漫英雄唐吉诃德，他沉湎于传奇故事中崇高业绩并追求无法实现的目标。
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position: (20, 4)

正面: quota
definition: 【考法】n. 配额,限额:a proportional part or share
[例] The department set new sales quotas in May. 部门设定了五月的销售定额。
[近] allowance, portion, proportion
[反] unlimited number 不限数量
symbol: ['kwoʊtə]
zhuji: 【记】源于：quantity（n 数量）
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position: (20, 5)

正面: quotidian
definition: 【考法】adj. 每日的;平凡的:everyday; commonplace
[例] plagued by a quotidian coughing 每天被咳嗽困扰
[近] commonplace, everyday, frequent, ordinary, routine, ubiquitous
[反] remarkable, striking, extraordinary, unusual, rare, infrequent, seldom 不平常的
symbol: [kwoʊ'tɪdiən]
zhuji: 【记】quoti读：口蹄（疫），dian＝tian天，口蹄疫是每天都发生的。
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position: (20, 5)

正面: rabble
definition: 【考法】n. 混乱的人群;暴民;下层民众:a disorganized or disorderly crowd of people; the lowest class of people
[例] The crown prince was reminded that even the rabble deserved his attention and compassion. 太子应该知道即使是草民,也值得他的关注和同情。
[近] ragtag and bobtail, riffraff, scum, rag, trash, unwashed
symbol: ['ræbl]
zhuji: 【记】rab＝rob，b，le乐：一边抢劫一边乐－暴民
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position: (20, 5)

正面: rabid
definition: 【考法】adj. 狂热的,不冷静的:extremely zealous or enthusiastic; fanatical
[例] soccer fans whose rabid enthusiasm makes them go berserk when their team wins 不冷静的粉丝们在球队获胜以后变得很狂暴
[近] delirious, ferocious, feverish, fierce, frantic, frenetic, violent
[反] logical, detached 合常理的,客观的
symbol: ['reɪbɪd]
zhuji: 【记】ra＝re反复，bid投标：反复出钱投标没有用的东西－失去理性的
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position: (20, 5)

正面: racy
definition: 【考法】adj. 活泼生动的:vigorous; lively
[例] vivid writing and a racy plot that keeps readers turning the pages 栩栩如生的手法和生动新鲜的情节让读者手不释卷
[近] animate, brisk, frisky, jaunty, perky, spirited, vivacious
[反] tame, dead, inactive, inanimate, lackadaisical, languid, languorous, leaden, lifeless, limp, listless, spiritless, vapid 乏味的,死气沉沉的
symbol: ['reɪsi]
zhuji: 【记】源于：race（n 比赛；赛跑；赛马）活泼生动的
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正面: raffish
definition: 【考法】adj. 低俗的:marked by or suggestive of flashy vulgarity or crudeness
[例] The dowager cringed at the thought of raffish tourists tromping all over her Persian rugs. 孀居贵妇一想到低俗的游客践踏她的波斯地毯就痛苦不已。
[近] crass, lowbred, uncouth, uncultivated, uncultured, unpolished, unrefined, vulgar
[反] civilized, cultivated, cultured, genteel, polished, refined, ultrarefined, well-bred 有教养的
symbol: ['ræfɪ∫]
zhuji: 【记】读：ra费事，本质粗俗的人想表面艳丽比较费事。
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正面: raffle
definition: 【考法】n. 垃圾,废物:discarded or useless material
[例] The front lawn was littered with the raffle that the workers had left behind. 前院的草坪上满是工人们丢的垃圾。
[近] chaff, deadwood, debris, dreck, dross, effluvium, litter, offal, offscouring, refuse, riffraff, rubbish, scrap, spilth
symbol: ['ræfl]
zhuji: 【记】读：rifle（n 步枪），总是raffle失败，只好用rifle抢了。
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正面: rage
definition: 【考法】n./v. 暴怒:violent and uncontrolled anger
[例] Her rages rarely last more than a few minutes. 她的暴躁来得快去得也快。
[近] agitation, deliriousness, delirium, distraction, furor, hysteria, rampage
symbol: [reɪʤ]
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position: (20, 5)

正面: ragged
definition: 【考法1】adj. 衣衫褴褛的:dressed in tattered or threadbare clothes
[例] A ragged coat may cover an honest man. 不能以衣著取人。
[近] raggedy, ragtag, tattered, tatterdemalion, shabby
[反] kempt, neat, trim 整洁的
【考法2】adj. 凹凸不平的,不光滑的:not having a level or smooth surface
[例] She cut herself on the ragged edge of the tin can's lid. 她被罐头盖的锋利边缘割伤了。
[近] broken, bumpy, coarse, irregular, jagged, lumpy, pebbly, rough, roughened, rugged, scraggy
[反] even, flat, level, plane 平整的;smooth 光滑的
symbol: ['rægɪd]
zhuji: 【记】源于：rag（n 抹布；破布）
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position: (20, 5)

正面: rail
definition: 【考法】vi. 怒骂,猛烈抨击:to revile or scold in harsh, insolent, or abusive language
[例] We could hear the cook in the kitchen railing against his assistant and wondered if we'd ever get our food. 我们可以听到厨师在厨房怒斥他的助手,由此我们怀疑我们点的菜还能不能做好。
[近] baste, berate, castigate, chastise, hammer, lambaste, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, upbraid
[反] accredit, applaud, commend, eulogize, extol, laud, praise 表扬,赞扬
[派] raillery n. 善意的打闹
symbol: [reɪl]
zhuji: 【记】用rail打你，相当于rail你。
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position: (20, 5)

正面: rakish
definition: 【考法】adj. 放荡的,行为不检点的:having or showing lowered moral character or standards; dissolute
[例] He wore his hat at a rakish angle. 他帽子戴得吊儿郎当的。
[近] debased, debauched, demoralized, depraved, dissolute, libertine, perverse, perverted, reprobate
[反] good, moral, pure, righteous, virtuous 有美好品德的;uncorrupted 不放荡的
[派] rake n. 行为不检点的人,放荡的人
symbol: ['reɪkɪ∫]
zhuji: 【记】ra＝re反复，kish读：开始，反复的开始 ＃￥％－放荡的
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position: (20, 6)

正面: ramble
definition: 【考法1】vi. 漫步,漫游:to move aimlessly from place to place
[例] ramble under the starlight 在星光下漫步‖ramble around Beijing for a week 在北京四处漫游一周
[近] amble, cruise, drift, float, meander, perambulate, roam, saunter, stroll, traipse, wander
【考法2】vi. 漫谈;长篇大论(并经常离题)地说或写:to talk at length without sticking to a topic or getting to a point
[例] ramble on about dating, homework, movies, and the local football team 扯一些关于约会、作业、电影以及本地橄榄球队的闲谈
[近] blather, chat, chatter, drivel, maunder, patter, prattle
symbol: ['ræmbl]
zhuji: 【记】源于：amble（v 缓行；溜蹄）
zhuji3000: 【联】 参考amble [漫步] → vi. 漫步,漫游;漫无目的地说 → vi. 漫谈,长篇大论 (并经常离题) 地说或写
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position: (20, 6)

正面: rambunctious
definition: 【考法】adj. 喧闹的,骚乱的:being rough or noisy in a high-spirited way
[例] That beach is often taken over by packs of rambunctious young people, so don't go there expecting peace and quiet. 那个海滩经常被一帮吵闹的年轻人占领,所以不要指望过去能享受到平静和安宁。
[近] boisterous, clamorous, raucous, riotous, rowdy, tumultuous, turbulent
[反] orderly 有秩序的;calm, noiseless, peaceful, placid, quiet, serene, silent, soundless, tranquil 安静的
symbol: [ræm'bʌŋk∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】ram羊，bunctious＝bumptious（adj 傲慢的）一羊都傲慢了一难控制的
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position: (20, 6)

正面: ramshackle
definition: 【考法】adj. 摇摇欲坠的:appearing ready to collapse; rickety
[例] a ramshackle cabin in the woods 树林中摇摇欲坠的小木屋
[近] rickety, shaky, tottering
[反] concrete, firm, solid, sturdy 坚固的;stable稳定的
symbol: ['ræm∫ækl]
zhuji: 【记】源于：ram羊，shackle＝shake（v /n 摇动）
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position: (20, 6)

正面: rancor
definition: 【考法】n. 敌意,深仇:a bitter deep-seated ill will
[例] A good man terminates a friendship without rancor. 君子绝交不记仇。
[近] animosity, animus, antagonism, antipathy, bitterness, gall, grudge, hostility, jaundice
[反] amity, harmony, goodwill, rapport, rapprochement 和睦,友好;friendship 友谊
symbol: [ræŋkər]
zhuji: 【记】ran臭，仇，cor一怨仇读：怨cor－怨恨
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position: (20, 6)

正面: random
definition: 【考法】adj. 随机的,随意的:lacking a definite plan, purpose, or pattern
[例] We received several answers and picked one at random. 我们收到了若干答案,并随机抽取了一个。
[例] aimless, arbitrary, desultory, erratic, haphazard, scattered, slapdash, stray
[反] methodical, orderly, organized, regular, systematic, systematized 井然有序的,系统化的
[派] randomly adv. 随机地;randomize v. 随机挑选、排列
symbol: ['rændəm]
zhuji3000: 【联】 ran + dom, ran in freedom → a. 随机的,随意的sermon ['sɜːrmən]
【联】 series (of words) on Monday (联想: “每周一国旗下的讲话”) → n. 布道,说教
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position: (20, 6)

正面: rankle
definition: 【考法】vt. 激怒:to cause anger, irritation, or deep bitterness
[例] It rankles me when some schools can't even afford paper and pencils for the students. 当我获悉有些学校连纸张和铅笔都无法提供给学生时,我感到十分愤怒。
[近] aggravate, enrage, exasperate, incense, inflame, infuriate, ire, madden, rile, roil
[反] delight, gratify, please 使愉悦;appease, assuage, conciliate, mollify, placate, propitiate 安抚
symbol: ['ræŋkl]
zhuji: 【记】读：怨kle－怨恨扭伤了ankle，就会rankle源于：rank（adj 恶臭的；下流的）
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position: (20, 6)

正面: rant
definition: 【考法1】n.(尤指长时间的)训斥,责骂:a long angry speech or scolding
[例] After complaining about the hotel's lousy service, the woman went off on another rant about the condition of her room. 在抱怨完旅店差劲的服务之后,她继续对房间的条件开骂。
[近] castigation, diatribe, harangue, lambasting, philippic, reprimand, reproach, vituperation
[反] encomium, eulogy, panegyric, rhapsody, tribute 赞美之词
【考法2】vi. 怒吼:to speak or write in a noisy, angry or violent manner
[例] The old expert ranted that nobody paid any attention to his opinion. 老专家怒气冲冲地叫嚷说没人听取他的观点。
[近] bluster, fulminate, huff, rave, roar, spout
[反] grumble, murmur, mutter 低声抱怨
symbol: [rænt]
zhuji: 【记】读：怨他，所以咆哮。
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position: (20, 6)

正面: rapacious
definition: 【考法1】adj. 食量大的,贪食的:having a huge appetite
[例] The manager at the buffet restaurant was apparently astonished by a team of rapacious professional basketball players. 自助餐厅的经理很明显被那一队胃口巨大的职业篮球队员们震惊了。
[近] edacious, esurient, gluttonous, greedy, ravenous, voracious
【考法2】adj. 过度贪婪的:excessively grasping or covetous
[例] Some companies are rapacious and hardly looking for the long-term value. 有些公司十分贪婪,而且不考虑长期利益。
[近] acquisitive, avaricious, avid, coveting, covetous, grasping, mercenary, moneygrubbing
[反] content, sated, satiated, satisfied 心满意足的
[派] rapaciousness n. 贪婪
symbol: [rə'peɪ∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】源于：rape（v /n 抢劫；强奸）acious－贪婪的
zhuji3000: 【根】 rapseize] + -acious [a., 多], 捕 (食) 多的 → a. 食量大的,贪食的;引申 → a. 过度贪婪的
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position: (20, 6)

正面: rapport
definition: 【考法】n. 和睦,友好:a friendly relationship marked by ready communication and mutual understanding
[例] His good rapport with his students was one of the reasons why the school board named him Teacher of the Year. 他和学生的关系和睦是他被校董会提名为“年度教师”的原因之一。
[近] amity, communion, concord, fellowship, harmony, rapprochement
[反] animosity, antagonism, antipathy, bitterness, enmity, hostility, jaundice, rancor 敌意
symbol: [ræ'pɔ:r]
zhuji: 【记】读音酷似report，说明report和rapport之间有友好关系。
zhuji3000: 【联】 r (e) - [again] + ap- [ad-, to] + port [carry], (将某人) 一直带在身边 → n. 和睦,友好
【联】 同义词rapprochement [n. 和睦, 友好], “不断 [r(e)-] 接近、接触 [approach] 的状态 [-ment] ”
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position: (20, 6)

正面: rapprochement
definition: 【考法】n. 和睦,友好:establishment of or state of having cordial relations
[例] a new era of rapprochement between China and Russia 中俄两国睦邻友好关系的新纪元
[近] amity, communion, concord, fellowship, harmony, rapport
[反] animosity, antagonism, antipathy, bitterness, enmity, hostility, jaundice, rancor 敌意
symbol: [ˌræproʊ∫'mɑ:n]
zhuji: 【记】re再，approach（v 接近），ment：重修旧好
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position: (20, 7)

正面: rapscallion
definition: 【考法】n. 流氓,恶棍:a mean, evil, or unprincipled person
[例] an unsafe place frequented by drunkards and rapscallions 一个酒鬼和流氓经常造访的不安全的地方
[近] brute, devil, evildoer, fiend, knave, miscreant, rascal, reprobate, rogue, savage, scamp, varlet, wretch
[反] saint 圣人;cavalier, chevalier(尤指对女士)彬彬有礼的绅士
symbol: [ræp'skæliən]
zhuji: 【记】rap＝rape（v 强奸），scallion－流氓
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position: (20, 7)

正面: rapt
definition: 【考法1】adj. 狂喜的,狂热的:experiencing or marked by overwhelming usually pleasurable emotion
[例] a rock band that still attracts rapt crowds 一个仍然拥有着狂热粉丝的摇滚乐队
[近] elated, elevated, enraptured, entranced, euphoric, exhilarated, intoxicated, rapturous, rhapsodic
[反] crestfallen, dejected, depressed 沮丧的;doleful, gloomy, melancholy, mournful, woeful 哀伤的
【考法2】adj. 全神贯注的:deeply absorbed; engrossed
[例] With a mixture of delight and awe, the rapt children stared at the chick in the incubator breaking out of its shell. 怀着愉快和敬畏的复杂心理,孩子们全神贯注地盯着孵化箱中的小鸡破壳而出。
[近] absorbed, concentrated, deep, engrossed, enthralled, focused, immersed, intent, observant
[反] absent, abstracted, distracted, inattentive 不专心的;apathetic, disinterested, unconcerned 冷漠的,不关心的
symbol: [ræpt]
zhuji: 【记】源于：rape（v /n 强奸），在rape别人的时候要rapt
zhuji3000: 【根】 rapt [seize], seize (attention), (一个人的注意力被) 抓住 → a. 全神贯注的;seize (excitement) , (一个人的兴奋点被) 抓住 → a. 狂喜的,狂热的
【联】 名词形式rapture [全神贯注;狂喜]
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position: (20, 7)

正面: rarefy
definition: 【考法】vt. 使稀薄:to make rare, thin, porous, or less dense: to expand without the addition of matter
[例] rarefy the air 使空气变得稀薄
[近] attenuate, dilute, thin
[反] concentrate, condense 使稠密,浓缩
[派] rarefaction n. 稀薄,稀疏
symbol: ['rerfaɪ]
zhuji: 【记】源于：rare（adj 稀罕的）
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position: (20, 7)

正面: rash
definition: 【考法】adj. 草率的,仓促的:marked by or proceeding from undue haste or lack of deliberation or caution
[例] That was too rash a move: for now you've lost your bishop and probably the whole chess game. 那一招棋着实是太草率了,现在你丢掉了象,很有可能会输掉整场比赛。
[近] cursory, gadarene, headlong, hurried, overhasty, precipitate, precipitous, rushed
[反] deliberate 慎重考虑的;leisurely, unhurried, unrushed 从容不迫的,不慌不忙的
[派] rashly adv. 草率地,仓促地
symbol: [ræ∫]
zhuji: 【记】源于：brash（adj 仓促无礼的）r＝run，ash灰：跑到灰里去了－鲁莽的
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position: (20, 7)

正面: raspy
definition: 【考法1】adj. 声音刺耳的:harsh and dry in sound
[例] The dying man was speaking in a raspy and barely discernible voice. 将死的人在用一种沙哑刺耳且难以听清的语调说话。
[近] cacophonous, coarse, croaky, harsh, grating, gravelly, gruff, husky, rasping, rusty, scratchy, throaty
[反] mellifluous, sweet 声音甜美的;gentle, soft, tender 声音轻柔的
【考法2】adj. 容易生气的:easily irritated or annoyed
[例] Overwork tends to make him raspy. 过度的工作让他变得烦躁易怒。
[近] choleric, fiery, grouchy, irascible, peevish, pettish, petulant, prickly, ratty, testy
[反] agreeable, amiable, good-natured, good-tempered, well-disposed 脾气性格好的
symbol: ['ræspi]
zhuji: 【记】源于：rasp（n 粗锉刀；v 用粗锉刀锉）ras摩擦，py读：屁，摩擦屁股－刺耳的
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position: (20, 7)

正面: ratify
definition: 【考法】vt.(官方地)认可,批准:to give official acceptance of as satisfactory
[例] Lincoln's home state of Illinois was the first to ratify the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which provided for the abolition of slavery. 林肯的老家——伊利诺伊是美国第一个通过《宪法第十三修正案》的州,该决案提供了废除奴隶制的法律基础。
[近] accredit, approbate, authorize, certify, endorse, finalize, formalize, pass, sanction, validate, warrant
[反] decline, deny, disallow, disapprove, negative, reject, veto 否决
[派] ratification n. 正式批准
symbol: ['rætɪfaɪ]
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position: (20, 7)

正面: ratiocination
definition: 【考法】n. 推理:the thought processes that have been established as leading to valid solutions to problems
[例] As an expert in ratiocination, the detective Sherlock Holmes has few rivals. 作为推理专家,大侦探福尔摩斯可谓无人能及。
[近] deduction, intellection, reason, reasoning, sense
symbol: [ˌreɪ∫ioʊsɪ'neɪ∫n]
zhuji: 【记】源于：ratio（n 比；比率），ci，nation国家：国家的男女比例是推理出来的。
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position: (20, 7)

正面: ration
definition: 【考法1】n. 定额供应量,配给量:an amount allotted or made available especially from a limited supply
[例] The meat ration was down to one pound per person per week. 肉的人均供给量降至了每周一磅。
[近] allotment, allowance, apportionment, portion, provision, quota, share
【考法2】vt. 按比例分配:to give as a share or portion
[例] The region has had to ration water during times of drought. 干旱时该地区不得不按比[例]分配水资源。
[近] allocate, allot, allow, apportion, assign, distribute, lot
[反] keep, retain, withhold 扣留,拒绝给予
symbol: ['ræ∫n]
zhuji: 【记】源于：ratio（n 比；比率），按比例配给粮食。
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position: (20, 7)

正面: rational
definition: 【考法1】adj. 合乎逻辑的:consistent with or based on reason; logical
[例] He insisted there was a rational explanation for the strange creaking noises and that there were no such things as ghosts. 他坚持认为奇怪的咯吱声一定有一个合理的解释,而不是所谓的鬼在作怪。
[近] analytic, coherent, consequent, logical, reasonable, sensible, sound, valid, well-founded, well-grounded
[反] illogical, incoherent, inconsequent, invalid, irrational, unreasonable, unsound, weak 不合逻辑的
【考法2】adj. 理性的:based on sound reasoning or information
[例] Betting all of your savings on the lottery is not a rational move. 把你所有的存款赌在彩票上可不是一个理智的决定。
[近] commonsensical, firm, informed, just, justified, levelheaded, sober, solid
[反] groundless, unfounded, unjustified 无理由的,无根据的
[派] rationalize vt. 使合理化;找借口
symbol: ['ræ∫nəl]
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position: (20, 7)

正面: rave
definition: 【考法1】vi. 狂热赞扬:to make an exaggerated display of affection or enthusiasm
[例] Critics raved about the new play. 新剧得到了评论家们的热烈赞扬。
[近] drool, effuse, enthuse, fuss, rhapsodize, slobber
[反] blame, censure, condemn, criticize, denounce, pan, reprehend 批评,指责
【考法2】vi.(发疯般地)怒吼:to talk irrationally and wildly in or as if in delirium
[例] a man standing outside the city hall, raving like a lunatic about his tax bill 站在市政大厅外、像疯子一样叫嚷着自己税单的人
[近] bluster, fulminate, huff, rant, roar, spout
[反] grumble, murmur, mutter 小声抱怨
symbol: [reɪv]
zhuji: 【记】象我们生活在喧嚣的城市的人们，见到river就会rave。
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position: (20, 8)

正面: ravel
definition: 【考法1】vt. 解开,松开:to separate the various strands of
[例] Since the sweater is too small, you could ravel the yarnout and make something else with it. 既然这个毛衣太小,你可以把它拆了然后织些新的东西。
[近] disentangle, extricate, unbraid, unsnarl, untwine, unweave
[反] braid, knit, plait, weave 编织
【考法2】vt. 阐明:to clarify by separating the aspects of
[近] clarify, clear, elucidate, untangle, unravel
[反] complex, complicate, entangle, perplex, sophisticate, snarl, tangle 使复杂化
【考法3】vt. 使纠缠,使复杂化:to tangle or complicate
[例] a ravelled story 一个复杂的故事
[近] complex, complicate, entangle, perplex, sophisticate, snarl, tangle
[反] clarify, clear, elucidate, untangle, unravel 阐明
symbol: ['rævl]
zhuji: 【记】rave一个人容易把他和群众ravel。
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position: (20, 8)

正面: ravish
definition: 【考法】vt. 使陶醉,使沉迷:to overcome with emotion(as wonder or delight)
[例] I was completely ravished by those marvelous pictures taken by HST. 用哈勃太空望远镜拍摄的那些壮观图片让我彻底地陶醉了。
[近] captivate, enchant, enrapture, enthrall, rapture, transport
[反] disenchant, sober 使清醒
[派] ravishing adj. 极美丽的
symbol: ['rævɪ∫]
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position: (20, 8)

正面: raze
definition: 【考法】vt. 摧毁,粉碎:to destroy completely by or as if by knocking down or breaking to pieces
[例] Excavators were began to raze old school building. 挖土机开始夷平学校的老建筑。‖An entire city block was razed by a terrible fire. 大火摧毁了整个街区。
[近] annihilate, decimate, demolish, devastate, level, nuke, pulverize, ruin, smash, vaporize, wreck, tear down
[反] build, construct, erect, raise, rear, set up 建造
[派] razor n. 剃须刀
symbol: [reɪz]
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position: (20, 8)

正面: react
definition: 【考法】vi. 做出反应:to act or behave in response(as to a stimulus or influence)
[例] didn't know how to react to the cheers of the crowd 不知如何对人群的欢呼声做出回应
[近] answer, reply, respond
[派] reaction n. 反应;reactant n.(化学反应当中的)反应物
symbol: [ri'ækt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back] + act [act], act back (in response) → vi. 作出反应
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position: (20, 8)

正面: reactionary
definition: 【考法】adj. 反对变革的,极保守的:characterized by reaction, especially opposition to progress or liberalism; extremely conservative
[例] reactionary rulers 保守的统治者
[近] brassbound, conservative, die-hard, hidebound, traditionalistic, ultraconservative
[反] liberal 允许变革的;progressive 进步的;radical, aggressive 激进的
symbol: [ri'æk∫əneri]
zhuji: 【记】re反，action动，ary一反对运动的－保守的
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back] + act [act] + -ion [n.] + -ary [a.], act back, 重复旧的、以前的制度 → a.反对改革的,极保守的
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position: (20, 8)

正面: ream
definition: 【考法】vt. 怒斥,训斥:to criticize(someone)severely or angrily especially for personal failings
[例] You are so going to get reamed out when the boss learns that you wrecked the company car. 要是老板知道你把公司的车弄坏了,你肯定会挨骂的。
[近] baste, berate, castigate, chastise, hammer, lambaste, rail, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, upbraid
[反] accredit, applaud, commend, eulogize, extol, laud, praise 表扬,赞扬
symbol: [ri:m]
zhuji: 【记】team由很多人组成；ream由很多纸组成
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position: (20, 8)

正面: reap
definition: 【考法】v. 收割,收获:to collect(a crop or natural resource)or to receive as return for effort
[例] As you sow, so shall you reap. 唯有付出,才有回报。‖She reaped large profits from her patents. 她的专利给她带来了丰厚的回报。
[近] acquire, attain, capture, harvest, gain, garner, obtain, procure, secure
[反] plant, seed, sow 种植,播种;forfeit, lose 丧失,没收
[派] reaper n. 收割机
symbol: [ri:p]
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position: (20, 8)

正面: reassure
definition: 【考法】vt. 使安心,打消疑虑:to restore to confidence
[例] I tried to reassure her that the dog would come back home by nightfall. 我尽力让她安心,说夜幕降临之前小狗一定会回家的。
[近] assure, cheer, console, solace, soothe
[反] distress, torment, torture, trouble 使忧虑,折磨
[派] reassurance n. 消除疑虑
symbol: [ˌri:ə'∫ʊr]
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [again] + as- [ad-, to] + sure, 一再使确定 → v. 使安心,打消疑虑
[注] assure [v. 使确信;保证] (“to make...sure”)
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position: (20, 8)

正面: rebuff
definition: 【考法】vt. 严词拒绝:to reject or criticize sharply
[例] She rebuffed an invitation from her colleagues. 她回绝了同事们的邀请。‖She rebuffed him when he asked her for a date. 她拒绝了他的约会邀请。
[近] decline, deny, refuse, reject, repudiate, repulse, snub, spurn
[反] accept 接受;approve 赞同;welcome 欢迎
symbol: [rɪ'bʌf]
zhuji: 【记】re反，buff＝puff（v 喷气）拟声词一反过来对你喷气一断然拒绝
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position: (20, 8)

正面: recalcitrant
definition: 【考法】adj. 顽抗的,不顺从的:marked by stubborn resistance to and defiance of authority or guidance
[例] a recalcitrant teenager 执拗的少年‖The manager worried that the recalcitrant employee would try to undermine his authority. 经理担心那些不服管理的员工会削弱他的权威。
[近] balky, contumacious, defiant, incompliant, insubordinate, intractable, obstreperous, rebellious, refractory, unruly
[反] amenable, compliant, conformable, docile, governable, obedient, ruly, submissive, tractable 服从的,顺从的
[派] recalcitrance n. 固执,不服从命令
symbol: [rɪ'kælsɪtrənt]
zhuji: 【记】re反复，calc石头，itrant一反复成为石头一固执的
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position: (20, 9)

正面: recant
definition: 【考法】vt. 撤回,放弃,改变:to withdraw or repudiate(a statement or belief)formally and publicly
[例] The man has refused after torture to recant his heresy. 这个人在受折磨后依旧拒绝放弃他的异教信仰。
[近] abjure, abnegate, forswear, renege, renounce, repeal, repudiate, retract, withdraw
[反] adhere, insist, maintain, stick 坚持
[派] recantation n. 改变论调
symbol: [rɪ'kænt]
zhuji: 【记】re反，cant唱一唱反调一改变信仰re反，cant读：砍他－反过来砍他一刀
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back] + cant [sing], sing...back → vt. 撤回,放弃,改变
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position: (20, 9)

正面: recessive
definition: 【考法1】adj.(基因等)隐性的,由隐性基因控制的:of, relating to, or designating an allele that does not produce a characteristic effect when present with a dominant allele
[例] a recessive disease 阴性基因控制的疾病
[反] dominant 显性的
【考法2】adj. 内向的,内敛的:not comfortable around people
[例] For such a recessive genius, the most comfortable thing is working alone in his lab. 对于这样一个内向的天才而言,最舒服的事情就是一个人在实验室里干活。
[近] backward, bashful, coy, demure, diffident, introverted, modest, retiring, self-effacing, sheepish, withdrawn
[反] extroverted, immodest, outgoing 外向的;gregarious, sociable 好交际的
[派] recession n. 后退,衰退
symbol: [rɪ'sesɪv]
zhuji: 【记】re反，cess走，ive：退行的；隐性的
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back] + cess [go] + -ive [a.], (gene) go back → a. (基因等) 隐性的,由隐性基因控制的;(a person) go back → a. 内向的,内敛的
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position: (20, 9)

正面: recidivate
definition: 【考法】vi. 回到原先的习惯,尤指重新犯罪:to return to a previous pattern of behavior, especially to return to criminal habits
[例] The suspect has recidivated for several times. 这个嫌犯是个惯犯了。
[近] regress, relapse, retrogress, revert
[反] habilitate, reclaim, redeem, regenerate, rehabilitate 洗心革面,使改正
[派] recidivism n. 再犯,重犯;recidivist n. 再次犯罪的人
symbol: [ri:'sidəveɪt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back, again] + cid [fall] + iv + -ate [v.], fall back, again, “回落”,回到堕落 → vi. 回到原先的习惯,尤指重新犯罪
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position: (20, 9)

正面: reciprocate
definition: 【考法1】vi. 往复运动:to move forward and backward alternately
[例] According to Marx's economic principle, the average price of a certain product should be reciprocating over its value. 根据马克思的经济学理论,某一商品的平均价格应该在它的价值周边波动。
[近] fluctuate, oscillate, sway, swing, vacillate
【考法2】vt. 报答,回报:to return in kind or degree
[例] They reciprocated the favor by driving their neighbor to the airport. 他们开车送邻居去机场以还人情。
[近] recompense, repay, requite, retaliate, return
[反] owe 欠(钱、人情等)
[派] reciprocal adj. 相互之间的,互惠的
symbol: [rɪ'sɪprəkeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】re反复，cip掉下，ro肉，ate吃：反复掉肉和吃的－回报
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position: (20, 9)

正面: reckless
definition: 【考法】adj. 不考虑后果的,大胆鲁莽的:careless of consequences; foolishly adventurous or bold
[例] His reckless driving accounted for the accident. 他鲁莽的开车行为导致了这场事故。
[近] audacious, bold, brash, brassy, brazen, careless, daredevil, rash, madcap, temerarious
[反] careful, cautious, circumspect, guarded, heedful, prudent, wary 慎重的,小心的
symbol: ['rekləs]
zhuji: 【记】reck（v 顾忌），less一不顾忌后果一轻率的
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position: (20, 9)

正面: recluse
definition: 【考法1】n. 隐士:a person who lives away from others
[例] He was sick of cities and crowds, so he decided to go live by himself in the woods as a recluse. 他厌倦了城市和拥挤的人群,因此他决定像隐士一样遁隐山林。
[近] anchorite, eremite, hermit, isolate, solitary
【考法2】adj. 隐居的,不爱社交的:marked by withdrawal from society
[例] a recluse poet who left a large amount of literature legacies 一个留下了大量文学遗产的隐居诗人‖My neighbor is so recluse that I only see him about once a year. 我的邻居太神秘了,一般我一年只能见他一面。
[近] cloistered, hermetic, secluded, secluse, seclusive, sequestered
[反] gregarious, social 好交际的
[派] reclusive adj. 隐居的
symbol: ['reklu:s]
zhuji: 【记】re反，cluse＝close关一反过来把门关上一隐居的
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [again, 加强语气] + clus [close] + -e [n.&a.], 一再关闭自己 → n. 隐士 a. 隐居的,不爱社交的
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position: (20, 9)

正面: recoil
definition: 【考法】vi. 退却,畏缩:to shrink back, as under pressure or in fear or repugnance
[例] recoil from the snake 因为害怕蛇而畏缩不前‖She recoiled from his touch. 她因害怕与他接触而退缩。
[近] blench, cringe, flinch, quail, shrink, squinch, wince
[反] confront, meet 面对
symbol: ['ri:kɔɪl]
zhuji: 【记】re反，coil（v 卷，盘绕）一反卷回去一退缩
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position: (20, 9)

正面: reconcile
definition: 【考法】vt. 使和解,协调:to restore to friendship or harmony
[例] Historians have never been able to reconcile the two eyewitness accounts of the battle. 历史学家们一直以来都无法协调这场战役两种记载之间的矛盾。
[近] accommodate, attune, conciliate, conform, coordinate, harmonize, key
[反] disharmonize 使不和谐;estrange 离间
[派] reconciliation n. 协调
symbol: ['rekənsaɪl]
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position: (20, 9)

正面: recondite
definition: 【考法】adj. 深奥的,难解的:difficult or impossible for one of ordinary understanding or knowledge to comprehend
[例] I think Quantum Mechanics and Random Process are the two most recondite courses in our curriculum this semester. 我觉得量子力学和随机过程是这学期课表中最难的两门课程。
[近] abstruse, arcane, deep, enigmatic, esoteric, hermetic, occult, profound
[反] facile, shallow, superficial 肤浅的;easy, simple 简单的
symbol: ['rekəndaɪt]
zhuji: 【记】re反复，con共同，dite说一只有深奥的东西才会反复讨论re反，cond藏，ite：被藏起来的东西－深奥的
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back] + cond [藏起来] + -ite [a.], 藏在后面 → a. 深奥的,难解的
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position: (20, 9)

正面: reconnoiter
definition: 【考法】vt. 侦察,勘查:to make a preliminary inspection of, especially in order to gather military information
[例] The wide utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles makes it much less risky to reconnoiter a certain area. 无人飞行器的广泛运用大大减少了军事侦察的风险。
[近] probe, scout, survey
[派] reconnaissance n. 侦察
symbol: [ˌrekə'nɔɪtə]
zhuji: 【记】源于：recognize（v 认可；承认），为了认识敌情而勘测
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position: (20, 10)

正面: reconstitute
definition: 【考法】vt. 重建,(尤其是通过加水)使复原:to constitute again or anew; to restore to a former condition, especially by adding water
[例] reconstitute dried coffee powder 冲咖啡‖Slowly Jewish communities ravaged by Nazi Germany were reconstituted and life began anew. 被纳粹德国摧残的犹太人社区慢慢得以重建,新的生活开始了。
[近] reconstruct, reorder, reorganize, reshuffle, retool
[反] annihilate, decimate, demolish, devastate, level, nuke, pulverize, ruin, smash, vaporize, wreck 摧毁
[派] reconstitution n.(加水)复原
symbol: [ˌri:'kɑ:nstətu:t]
zhuji: 【记】re重新，constitute（v 组成）
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [again] + con- [together] + stitut [stand] + e, stand together again → vt. 重建,(尤其是通过加水) 使复原
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position: (20, 10)

正面: reconvene
definition: 【考法】v. 重新集合,重新召集:to gather, call together, or summon again, especially for a formal meeting
[例] The leaders will reconvene tomorrow. 明天领导们会再次召开会议。
[近] reassemble
[反] adjourn, suspend 休会
symbol: [ˌri:kən'vi:n]
zhuji: 【记】源于：convene（v 召集），con共同，vene＝vent来。
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position: (20, 10)

正面: rectitude
definition: 【考法】n. 正直:the quality or state of being straight; moral integrity
[例] The principal encouraged the graduates to go on to live lives of rectitude. 校长鼓励毕业生们在今后的生活中做一个正直的人。
[近] honesty, integrity, probity, righteousness, scrupulousness, uprightness, virtue, virtuousness
[反] badness, evil, immorality, iniquity, sin, villainy, wickedness 邪恶,罪恶
symbol: ['rektɪtu:d]
zhuji: 【记】rect正，直，itude一正直的状态一正直
zhuji3000: 【根】 rect [right] + -itude [n.], stand right, 直立 → n. 正直
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position: (20, 10)

正面: recumbent
definition: 【考法】adj. 躺着的:lying down, especially in a position of comfort or rest
[例] lying recumbent on the floor 躺在地板上
[近] decumbent, procumbent, prone, prostrate, reclining, supine
[反] erect, upright 直立的
symbol: [rɪ'kʌmbənt]
zhuji: 【记】re反复，cumb躺，end一不活动的
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back] + cumb [lie] + -ent [a.], lie back, 向后躺 → a. 躺着的
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position: (20, 10)

正面: recuperate
definition: 【考法】v. 恢复(健康或力量),康复:to recover health or strength
[例] He is gradually recuperating from a serious back injury. 他正渐渐地从严重的背部损伤中恢复过来。
[近] convalesce, heal, rally, recoup, recover, rehabilitate
[反] deteriorate, flag, wane, weaken 衰退,变得衰弱;die, expire, perish, pass away 死亡
[派] recuperative adj. 有助于康复的
symbol: [rɪ'ku:pəreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】re反复，cup，er，ate吃：反复用cup喝水和吃饭－恢复
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back] + cup [take] + er + -ate [v.], take (health) back → v. 恢复 (健康或力量) ,康复
【联】 recover [v. 恢复]
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position: (20, 10)

正面: redolent
definition: 【考法】adj. 芳香的:having or emitting fragrance
[例] be redolent with the aroma of baking bread 充满了烤面包的香味
[近] ambrosial, aromatic, fragrant, perfumed, savory, scented, sweet
[反] unscented 没有香味的;fetid, foul, malodorous, noisome, rancid, reeky, stinky 恶臭的,腐臭的
[派] redolence n. 芳香,香味
symbol: ['redələnt]
zhuji: 【记】re反复，dol＝olfaction（n 嗅觉），ent一反复闻－芳香的red，o，lent借：借一朵芳香的红花。
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position: (20, 10)

正面: redoubtable
definition: 【考法1】adj. 杰出的,值得尊敬的:worthy of respect or honor
[例] a surprising discovery by one of the most redoubtable figures in Egyptian archaeology 埃及考古学领域最值得敬重的人物之一所做出的一个惊人发现
[近] bright, distinguished, illustrious, luminous, notable, noteworthy, outstanding, preeminent, prestigious
[反] average, inferior, mediocre 平庸的,中等偏下的
【考法2】adj. 可怕的:arousing fear or awe
[例] His next opponent would be by far the most redoubtable adversary the young boxer had ever faced. 年轻的拳击手的下一个对手将会是迄今为止他见过的最可怕的敌人。
[近] direful, dreadful, fearsome, formidable, frightening, ghastly, horrifying, intimidating, scary, terrifying
[反] calming, comforting, consoling, lulling, pacifying, quieting, reassuring, relaxing, soothing 令人放松的
symbol: [rɪ'daʊtəbl]
zhuji: 【记】re反复，doubt怀疑，able－面对对手怀疑自己的实力，因为对手是可敬畏的。
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position: (20, 10)

正面: redundant
definition: 【考法】adj. 多余的,冗余的:exceeding what is necessary or normal
[例] This area is already chockablock with shopping malls; another one would be redundant. 这个地区已经是商场扎堆了,再建一个完全是多此一举。
[近] excess, extra, supererogatory, superfluous, supernumerary, surplus
[反] deficient, inadequate, insufficient, meager, niggardly, scant, scarce, short, sparse 缺乏,稀疏
[派] redundancy n. 过剩,过多
symbol: [rɪ'dʌndənt]
zhuji: 【记】red，und＝under，ant蚂蚁：蚂蚁下面有红色－蚂蚁搬家铺了红地毯－多余的
zhuji3000: 【根】 re (d) - [again] + und [flow] + -ant [a.], 不断地流 → overflow, 溢出 (没必要的浪费, 例如用杯子接水接到溢出) → a. 多余的,冗余的
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position: (20, 10)

正面: reel
definition: 【考法1】vi. 感到眩晕:to be in a confused state as if from being twirled around
[例] My head reeled with the facts and figures. 我的头脑被这些事实和数据给弄晕了。‖His mind reeled upon hearing the news that his employer had been indicted for fraud. 当他听到雇主因为欺诈而被起诉时,他顿觉天旋地转。
[近] spin, swirl, turn, whirl
[反] calm 保持镇定
【考法2】vi. 蹒跚地走路:to move forward while swaying from side to side
[例] The drunkard reeled down the alley. 醉汉蹒跚地沿着小巷走去。
[近] careen, dodder, falter, lurch, stagger, stumble, teeter, totter, waddle
录取学校:Columbia University)
symbol: [ri:l]
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position: (20, 10)

正面: referee
definition: 【考法1】n. 仲裁者;裁判员:a person who impartially decides or resolves a dispute or controversy
[例] serve as the unofficial referee in disputes over the family business 作为一个非官方协调员,解决家庭事务中的纠纷
[近] adjudicator, arbiter, arbitrator, judge, umpire
【考法2】vt.(就纠纷或争议)给出意见:to give an opinion about(something at issue or in dispute)
[例] Their father usually ends up refereeing any disputes concerning use of the big TV. 最后往往是他们的父亲决定该看什么电视频道,从而解决了相关争执。
[近] adjudge, adjudicate, arbitrate, decide, determine, settle
[反] consult 咨询
symbol: [ˌrefə'ri:]
zhuji: 【记】refer（v 参考；提到），ee人：参考意见的人－裁判
zhuji3000: 【记】 refer [向…咨询] + -ee [n.], who is referred, (体育比赛发生纠纷时) 被参考 (意见、判决) 的人 → n.仲裁者;裁判员 vt. (就纠纷或争议) 给出意见
[注] 后缀-ee表示“被…的人”,例如employee [被雇的人, 雇员] (而employer表示“雇主”)
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position: (21, 1)

正面: refine
definition: 【考法1】vt. 提纯,精炼:to free(as metal, sugar, or oil)from impurities or unwanted material
[例] Oil is refined so as to remove naturally occurring impurities. 原油通过精炼可去除其中天然存在的杂质。
[近] filter, garble, purify, winnow
[反] adulterate, contaminate, pollute 掺杂,污染
【考法2】vt. 改善,改进:to improve or perfect by pruning or polishing
[例] You'd better refine your backhand before the big tennis match if you want to throne. 如果你想获得冠军的话,你最好在网球大赛开赛前再提升一下反手的技术。
[近] ameliorate, amend, better, enhance, enrich, help, meliorate, perfect, polish, upgrade
[反] deteriorate, worsen 恶化,降低
[派] refined adj.(物品)精雕细琢的,(人)彬彬有礼的;refinery n. 炼油厂
symbol: [rɪ'faɪn]
zhuji: 【记】源于：fine（adj 美好的；纯粹的）
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position: (21, 1)

正面: reflect
definition: 【考法1】vt. 反射:to prevent passage of and cause to change direction
[例] The color of an objective is largely determined by what light it reflects. 物体的颜色很大程度上是由它能反射的光所决定的。‖Mirrors indiscriminately reflect all visible lights. 镜子不加区分地反射所有的可见光。
[反] absorb 吸收
【考法2】vt. 反映,显露:to make manifest or apparent: show
[例] Her book clearly reflects her religious beliefs. 她的书明确地反映了她的宗教信仰。‖Where you come from could be easily reflected in your accent. 你的口音可以轻易地暴露你来自哪里。
[近] bespeak, betray, demonstrate, evince, manifest, reveal, show
[反] conceal, cover, hide, mask, obscure, occlude, veil 隐藏
【考法3】vi. 思考:to think seriously
[例] I reflected on my path as an undergraduate and my future as a PhD candidate. 我思考了我作为一名本科生的成长足迹以及我进修博士的未来。
[近] consider, cogitate, contemplate, deliberate, meditate, muse, ponder, ruminate, think
[派] reflective adj. 思考的,深思熟虑的
symbol: [rɪ'flekt]
zhuji: 【记】re反，flect折－光线反折－反射，在大脑中反射－思考
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back] + flect [bend], (light) bend back → vt.反射;(像镜子一样) 将影像或实际情况反射出来 → vt. 反映,显露;(在脑海中) 反射 → vi. 思考
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position: (21, 1)

正面: refractory
definition: 【考法】adj. 倔强的,不顺从的:resisting control or authority
[例] Refractory players will be ejected from the game. 不服从裁判命令的球员将会被驱逐出场。
[近] balky, contumacious, defiant, incompliant, insubordinate, intractable, obstreperous, rebellious, unruly
[反] amenable, compliant, conformable, docile, governable, obedient, ruly, submissive, tractable 服从的,顺从的
symbol: [rɪ'fræktəri]
zhuji: 【记】re反复，fract折断，to头，ry－宁折不弯－顽固的
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position: (21, 1)

正面: refulgent
definition: 【考法】adj. 辉煌的,灿烂的:shining radiantly; resplendent
[例] Refulgent sunlight broke through the clouds, creating huge swaths of light in the valley below us. 耀眼的阳光穿透了云层,在我们脚下的峡谷中投下了一块巨大的光斑。
[近] beaming, brilliant, dazzling, incandescent, lucid, luminous, lustrous, radiant, resplendent, splendid
[反] dim, dull, lackluster 黯淡无光的
[派] refulgence n. 灿烂,光芒四射
symbol: [rɪ'fʌlʤənt]
zhuji: 【记】re反复，fulg发光，ent－灿烂的re，ful＝full，gent：一个人拥有的知识很full－辉煌的
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back, again] + fulg [shine] + -ent [a.], shine back, shine again, 不断照耀 → a. 辉煌的,灿烂的
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position: (21, 1)

正面: refute
definition: 【考法1】vt. 否认:to declare not to be true
[例] While the spokeswoman was publicly refuting rumors of a merger, behind the scenes the CEO was working to effect that very outcome. 尽管女发言人一再公开否认合并的谣言,首席执行官却正在幕后为这一目标而努力。
[近] contradict, disaffirm, disavow, disclaim, disconfirm, deny, gainsay, negate, negative, reject, repudiate
[反] acknowledge, admit, avow, concede, confirm 承认
【考法2】vt. 证明为假,证伪:to prove wrong by argument or evidence: show to be false or erroneous
[例] The triumph of Chinese athlete Liu Xiang in the 2004 Olympics effectively refuted the views that Asians are physically inferior to others. 中国运动员刘翔在2004年雅典奥运会上的胜利有效地驳斥了亚洲人在体格上不如其他人种的观点。
[近] belie, confute, debunk, discredit, falsify, rebut, shoot down
[反] confirm, prove, validate, verify 证明为真,证实
[派] refutable adj. 可辩驳的
symbol: [rɪ'fju:t]
zhuji: 【记】re反，fute打－反打－反驳
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position: (21, 1)

正面: regenerate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使重获新生,使焕然一新:to bring back to life, practice, activity or a former condition of vigor
[例] The lizard is able to regenerate its tail. 蜥蜴能够重新长出断尾。‖The whole community was regenerated thanks to a government grant for repairing all the old buildings. 多亏了政府用于维修老楼的专项拨款,整个社区焕然一新。
[近] recharge, refresh, rejuvenate, rekindle, renew, restore, resurrect, resuscitate, revitalize, revivify
[反] degenerate, deteriorate, worsen 衰退,恶化
[派] regeneration n. 复兴
【考法2】v.(使)洗心革面:to make better in behavior or character
[例] Every time he made a mistake, he would promise to regenerate. 每次犯错后他都会保证洗心革面,下次不再犯。
[近] habilitate, reclaim, redeem, rehabilitate
symbol: [rɪ'ʤenəreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】re再，generate（v 产生）
zhuji3000: 【记】 re- [again] + generate, generate again → vt. 使重获新生,使焕然一新 v. (使) 洗心革面
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position: (21, 1)

正面: regimen
definition: 【考法】n.(政治上的)统治:lawful control over the affairs of a political unit(as a nation)
[例] A new party will have regimen over the nation and, hopefully, bring some much-needed change. 一个新的政党将要上台,希望他们能带来一些迫切需要的改革。
[近] administration, authority, governance, jurisdiction, regime
symbol: ['reʤɪmən]
zhuji: 【记】regi统治，men人－统治人生活的规则－养生法
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position: (21, 1)

正面: regress
definition: 【考法1】vi. 后退:to go back; move backward
[例] To stand still is to regress. 不进则退。
[近] retrogress, return, revert
[反] advance, develop, evolve, progress 前进,发展
【考法2】vi. 退化,恶化:to become worse or of less value
[例] The annual celebration has regressed to the point where it's nothing more than an excuse to get drunk. 年度的庆祝活动已经堕落成一个尽情喝醉的借口了。
[近] atrophy, crumble, decay, decline, degenerate, descend, deteriorate, ebb, retrograde, rot, sink, worsen
[反] ameliorate, improve, meliorate 改善
[派] regressive adj. 后退的,退化的;regression n. 后退,退化
symbol: [rɪ'gres]
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back] + gress [step], step back → vi. 后退;退化,恶化
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position: (21, 1)

正面: rehabilitate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使复原,使康复:to restore to a former state(as of efficiency, good management, or solvency)or a healthy condition
[例] new policies in hopes of rehabilitating the national economy 被指望能振兴国家经济的新政策‖She decided to undergo physical therapy to help rehabilitate her broken elbow. 她决定采取理疗来治疗受伤的手肘。
[近] cure, fix, mend, rejuvenate, resuscitate, revitalize, revive, set up
[反] debilitate, enervate, enfeeble, weaken 使虚弱;relapse 旧病复发
[派] rehabilitation n. 康复,复原
【考法2】v.(使)洗心革面:to make better in behavior or character
[例] an organization that rehabilitates criminals so they can reenter society 一个让罪犯洗心革面的机构,以便让他们能重返社会
[近] habilitate, reclaim, redeem, regenerate
symbol: [ˌri:ə'bɪlɪteɪt]
zhuji: 【记】reh＝re再，abilitate能力：再次拥有能力－恢复
zhuji3000: 【联】 re- [back] + habilit [habit] + -ate [v.] → v. 使复原,使康复;(使) 洗心革面
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position: (21, 1)

正面: rehearsal
definition: 【考法】n. 排练,彩排:the act of practicing in preparation for a public performance
[例] We made a few mistakes in rehearsal, but we were pretty sure that we'd be OK on opening night. 彩排过程中我们犯了几个错误,但正式开幕式当晚我们有信心做得很好。
[近] practice, trial, dry run
[反] extemporization, impromptu, improvisation(无准备的)即兴表演
symbol: [rɪ'hɜ:rsl]
zhuji: 【记】re反复，hear听，sal：反复听自己唱歌－排练
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position: (21, 2)

正面: reign
definition: 【考法1】n. 统治权:the right or means to command or control others
[例] A healthy nation should be governed by the reign of law and not by the will of its chief executive. 一个健康的国家应该是法制的,而非由最高领导人的意志统领。‖They accused him of carrying out a reign of terror. 他们指责他搞独裁暴政。
[近] arm, authority, clutch, command, control, dominion, grip, hold, mastery, sway
[反] impotence, impotency, powerlessness 无权,无能
【考法2】vi. 占统治地位或盛行:to be predominant or prevalent
[例] Chaos reigned in the classroom. 整个教室一片混乱。‖Panic reigned as the fire spread. 随着大火的扩散,恐慌也迅速蔓延。
[近] dominate, domineer, prevail, predominate, rule
symbol: [reɪn]
zhuji: 【记】reig＝reg统治
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position: (21, 2)

正面: rein
definition: 【考法1】n. 抑制,限制:the act or practice of keeping something(as an activity)within certain boundaries
[例] The oversight committee called on the corporation to keep a much tighter rein on the activities of its contractors. 监督委员会要求这个公司对其承包商的行为采取更为严格的管控。
[近] circumscription, confinement, limitation, stint
【考法2】vi. 抑制,控制:to keep from exceeding a desirable degree or level(as of expression)
[例] A good man knows how to rein in his temper. 君子知道如何按捺住火气。
[近] bridle, check, constrain, contain, curb, govern, hold, inhibit, keep, measure, manacle, regulate, restrain, rule, tame
[反] liberate, loose, loosen, unleash 释放,不再加以管束
symbol: [reɪn]
zhuji: 【记】rei＝reg统治
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position: (21, 2)

正面: reiterate
definition: 【考法】v. 重申:to say or state again
[例] Let me reiterate our stance. 让我来重述我们的立场。‖I want to reiterate that under no circumstances are you to leave the house. 我想再次重申:无论如何你都不能离开这间房子。
[近] chime, din, iterate, recapitulate, rehearse, repeat
symbol: [ri'ɪtəreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】re反复，iterate（v 反复说）源于：literate（n 学者；adj 有文化的）
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position: (21, 2)

正面: rejoice
definition: 【考法】vi. 欣喜,喜悦:to feel joy or great delight
[例] We rejoiced over our unexpected victory on the soccer field. 我们为预料之外的足球胜利而感到欢喜。
[近] crow, delight, exuberate, glory, jubilate, joy, kvell, triumph
[反] bemoan, bewail, deplore, grieve, lament, moan, mourn, regret, weep 感到伤感、痛苦或遗憾
[派] rejoiced adj. 高兴的
symbol: [rɪ'ʤɔɪs]
zhuji: 【记】re反复，jo＝joy，ice：在夏天反复用ice使你joy－使高兴rejoice是“飘柔”的商标
zhuji3000: vi. 欣喜, 喜悦 (看做i与y发生替换)
此外,由j开头的jubilant ['dʒuːbɪlənt] 也表示“a. 喜悦的”。
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position: (21, 2)

正面: relapse
definition: 【考法】vi. 故态复萌,再犯:to slip or fall back into a former worse state
[例] The patient wondered whether his illness would relapse. 病人想知道他的病会不会复发。
[近] recidivate, regress, retrogress, revert
[反] habilitate, reclaim, redeem, regenerate 变好,洗心革面;convalesce, rehabilitate 康复
symbol: [rɪ'læps]
zhuji: 【记】re再，lapse（n 失误；v 堕入；下降）－再犯错误
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back, again] + laps [fall] + -e [v.], fall back, again, 回到“堕落”, 又一次犯错误 → vi. 故态复萌,再犯
【联】 recidivate [v. 回到原先的习惯,尤指重新犯罪]
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position: (21, 2)

正面: release
definition: 【考法1】vt. 排放:to throw or give off
[例] We bought an air freshener that releases a pleasing scent into the room. 我们买了一个能向房间里释放怡人香味的空气净化机。
[近] cast, exhale, expel, irradiate, issue, vent
[反] absorb 吸收
【考法2】vt. 释放,使获得自由:to set free from restraint, confinement, or servitude
[例] The government was asked to release the prisoners immediately. 政府被要求立即释放囚犯。
[近] discharge, disenthrall, emancipate, enfranchise, liberate, loose, loosen, manumit, unchain, unfetter
[反] bind, confine, enchain, fetter, restrain 限制自由
【考法3】vt. 解雇:to let go from office, service, or employment
[例] They released the workers who couldn't handle the new technology. 他们解雇了所有不能掌握新技术的工人。
[近] bounce, cashier, dismiss, fire, remove, retire, sack, terminate
[反] employ, engage, hire 雇用
symbol: [rɪ'li:s]
zhuji: 【记】源于：relax（v 放松；休息）
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position: (21, 2)

正面: relentless
definition: 【考法1】adj. 残酷的,无情的:showing or promising no abatement of severity, intensity, strength, or pace
[例] He was the most relentless teacher I have ever known. 他是我所知的最狠的老师。
[近] grim, inexorable, ironfisted, merciless, mortal, ruthless, unrelenting
[反] charitable, clement, merciful, lenient 仁慈的
【考法2】adj. 固执的,不肯妥协的:showing no signs of slackening or yielding in one's purpose
[例] The team's offense was relentless in trying to score. 进攻球员毫不妥协地努力得分。
[近] adamant, dogged, headstrong, mulish, obdurate, pertinacious, rigid, uncompromising, unyielding
[反] acquiescent, amenable, compliant, complying, flexible, pliable, pliant, relenting, yielding 易屈服的
symbol: [rɪ'lentləs]
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position: (21, 2)

正面: relevant
definition: 【考法】adj. 有关系的,重要的:having a bearing on or connection with the matter at hand
[例] Make sure your answers during the interview are short and relevant. 确保你在面试时的回答简短而恰当。You need to bring all the relevant certificates with you. 你需要携带所有的相关证明。
[近] applicable, apposite, apropos, germane, material, pertinent, pointed, relative
[反] extraneous, immaterial, impertinent, inapplicable, inapposite, irrelevant, pointless 无关的
[派] relevance n. 关联
symbol: ['reləvənt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [again] + lev [raise] + -ant [a.], 一再地举起来 → a. 有关系的,重要的
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position: (21, 2)

正面: religion
definition: 【考法1】n. 宗教,信仰:a body of beliefs and practices regarding the supernatural and the worship of one or more deities
[例] The Jewish religion has followers in many parts of the globe. 犹太教在全球范围内有大量信徒。
[近] credo, creed, cult, faith, persuasion
【考法2】n.(对于宗教信仰的)忠诚,虔诚:belief and trust in and loyalty to God
[例] Without his religion, he would not have been able to survive all the difficulties he has faced over the years. 如果不是他的虔诚,他是不可能渡过这些年来遇到的所有难关的。
[近] devotion, piety
[反] atheism, godlessness 无神论
[派] religious adj. 宗教的;忠诚的
symbol: [rɪ'lɪʤən]
zhuji: 【记】源于：rely（v 依赖）精神依赖－信仰
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [again, 加强语气] + lig [bind] + -ion [n.], (主观上) 一再地绑,牢固 (地相信) → n. 宗教,信仰;(对宗教信仰的) 忠诚,虔诚
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position: (21, 2)

正面: relinquish
definition: 【考法1】vt. 放弃(职位、权力等):to give up(as a position of authority)formally
[例] She relinquished his position to the company's vice president with very mixed feelings. 怀着十分复杂的情感,她放弃了公司副总裁的职位。
[近] abnegate, cede, renounce, resign, surrender
[反] inaugurate 就职;usurp 篡位
【考法2】vt. 移交,交出:to give(something)over to the control or possession of another usually under duress
[例] The boy reluctantly relinquished the illegal fireworks to the police officer. 小男孩不情愿地把非法的烟花爆竹交给了警察。‖The court ordered him to relinquish custody of his child. 法庭要求他交出孩子的监护权。
[近] deliver, render, yield, turn in, turn over
[反] keep, retain, withhold 保留,不给予
symbol: [rɪ'lɪŋkwɪ∫]
zhuji: 【记】re再，linquish＝leave离开－再离开－放弃读：re林窥视－经常在小树林里面窥视别人－放弃的工作－放弃。
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position: (21, 3)

正面: relish
definition: 【考法1】n. 喜好,偏好:an appetite for something; a strong appreciation or liking
[例] She has great relish for early morning walks, which she takes nearly every day. 她对早晨散步有格外的喜好——几乎每天早上她都会坚持出去。
[近] appetite, fancy, favor, fondness, like, love, partiality, preference, taste
[反] aversion, disfavor, disgust, dislike, distaste, hatred, loathing [反]感,厌恶感
【考法2】n.(愿望达成时的)高兴,满足感:the feeling experienced when one's wishes are met
[例] He ate the bowl of ice cream with relish. 他高兴地吃着冰激凌。
[近] content, delectation, delight, enjoyment, gladness, gratification, happiness, satisfaction
[反] discontent, displeasure, dissatisfaction, unhappiness 不满,不悦
【考法3】vt. 享受,喜欢:to take keen or zestful pleasure in
[例] He is so hungry that he will relish even plain food. 他是如此的饥饿,即使普通的食物也能让他满意。
[近] adore, enjoy, like, love, rejoice, revel, savor
[反] abhor, abominate, detest, dislike, hate, loathe 厌恶,讨厌
symbol: ['relɪ∫]
zhuji: 【记】re反复，lish力士（香皂）：反复用力士香皂，因为喜欢。
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position: (21, 3)

正面: reluctant
definition: 【考法】adj. 不情愿的,反感的:feeling or showing aversion, hesitation, or unwillingness
[例] I'm reluctant to let him borrow my CDs since he never gives back anything I lend him. 我很不愿意把我的CD借给他,因为他借了我东西从来不还。
[近] averse, disinclined, indisposed, loath, unwilling
[反] willing 乐意的;disposed, inclined 倾向于做某事的;eager 渴望的
[派] reluctance n. 不愿意,不情愿
symbol: [rɪ'lʌktənt]
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position: (21, 3)

正面: remiss
definition: 【考法】adj. 疏忽的,不留心的:exhibiting carelessness or slackness
[例] I would be remiss if I didn't tell you how much I appreciated the lovely gift. 如果我不告诉你我是多么喜欢这个可爱的礼物的话,那我就太疏忽大意了。
[近] careless, derelict, disregardful, heedless, lax, lazy, neglectful, neglecting, slack
[反] attentive, careful, conscientious, meticulous, painstaking, scrupulous 细致的,仔细的
symbol: [rɪ'mɪs]
zhuji: 【记】re反复，miss错过－反复错过工作－玩忽职守的
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back] + miss [send], send (effort, attention) back, 将 (努力、关注等) 收回 → a. 疏忽的,不留心的
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position: (21, 3)

正面: remodel
definition: 【考法】vt. 改造,改变结构:to alter the structure of
[例] We decided to remodel the warehouse into a museum displaying the products of the company. 我们决定把仓库改造成展览我们公司产品的展馆。
[近] alter, modify, recast, redo, refashion, remake, revamp, revise, rework, vary
[反] fix, freeze, set, stabilize 固定
symbol: [ˌri:'mɑ:dl]
zhuji: 【记】re再，model（n 模型）－再改变模型－改建
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position: (21, 3)

正面: remonstrance
definition: 【考法】n. 抗议,抱怨:an expression of protest, complaint, or reproof, especially a formal statement of grievances
[例] She seems deaf to her son's remonstrances. 她似乎对儿子的抗议充耳不闻。‖Aggravated by the noisy metro construction, many residents wrote letters of remonstrance to city officials. 许多被地铁建设的噪音激怒的居民向市政府投去了抗议信。
[近] challenge, complaint, demur, difficulty, fuss, objection, protest, question, remonstration, stink
[反] acceptance, acquiescence, agreement, approval, assent, sanction 同意,接受
symbol: [rɪ'mɑ:nstrəns]
zhuji3000: 【联】 re- [against] + monstr [monster] + -ance [n.], 像野兽一样反抗 → n. 抗议,抱怨
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position: (21, 3)

正面: remorse
definition: 【考法】n. 懊悔,悔恨:moral anguish arising from repentance for past misdeeds; bitter regret
[例] He felt a deep remorse for having neglected his family over the years. 他为多年来忽略家人的行为表示深深的懊悔。
[近] contriteness, contrition, penitence, regret, remorsefulness, repentance, rue, self-reproach, shame
[反] impenitence, remorselessness 不知悔改
[派] remorseful adj. 懊悔的,悔恨的
symbol: [rɪ'mɔ:rs]
zhuji: 【记】re反复，mor死，se－反复想死，因为悔恨re反复，mo摸，rse＝rose：反复摸rose上的刺，因为后悔re反，morse咬：反咬自己，因为后悔
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back] + mors [mord, bite] + -e [v.], (one''s conscience, etc.) bites back, (良知等) 向回咬 (自己) → v. 懊悔,悔恨
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (21, 3)

正面: remunerate
definition: 【考法】vt. 支付报酬,补偿:to pay an equivalent to for a service, loss, or expense
[例] He promptly remunerated the repair company for fixing the satellite TV. 他迅速地支付了维修公司修理卫星电视所应得的酬劳。
[近] compensate, indemnify, recompense, recoup, redress, remedy, repay, requite
[派] remunerative adj. 有报酬的
symbol: [rɪ'mju:nəreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】re反，muner＝number数字就是钱，ate－反钱－报酬
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (21, 3)

正面: rend
definition: 【考法】vt. 撕裂,猛拉:to tear or split apart or into pieces violently
[例] Wolves rend a game to pieces. 狼群会把猎物撕成碎片。‖pain that rends the heart 撕心裂肺般的痛
[近] cleave, lacerate, ribbon, rip, rive, rupture, shred, split, tatter, tear
[反] associate, coalesce, combine, conjoin, conjugate, connect, fuse, interfuse, join, link, unify 联合
symbol: [rend]
zhuji: 【记】r，end：撕裂一个人，他就end了。Rend后需要mend
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (21, 3)

正面: renegade
definition: 【考法】n. 背教者,叛徒:one who rejects a religion, cause, allegiance, or group for another; a deserter
[例] A band of renegades who had deserted their infantry units were making their way to Mexico. 一支背叛了他们所属的步兵编队的士兵朝着墨西哥前进。
[近] apostate, betrayer, defector, deserter, recreant, traitor, turncoat
[反] adherent, loyalist, partisan 忠诚者
symbol: ['renɪgeɪd]
zhuji: 【记】re反，neg否定，ade进攻性：反过来否定你还有进攻性的人－叛徒
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (21, 3)

正面: renounce
definition: 【考法1】vt.(正式地)放弃:to give up, refuse, or resign usually by formal declaration
[例] renounce his nationality 退出国籍
[近] abnegate, cede, relinquish, resign, surrender
[反] inaugurate 就职;usurp 篡位
[派] renunciation n. 放弃
【考法2】vt. 宣布与…决裂:to refuse to follow, obey, or recognize any further
[例] renounce the authority of the church 宣布与教会彻底决裂
[近] forswear, recant, renege, repeal, repudiate, retract, withdraw
[反] adhere, stick 坚持,忠于
symbol: [rɪ'naʊns]
zhuji: 【记】re反，nounce讲话－反过来宣布－放弃
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [against] + nounc [announce] + e [v.], announce against → vt. (正式地) 放弃;宣布与…决裂
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (21, 4)

正面: renovate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 修复,维修:to restore to a former better state(as by cleaning, repairing, or rebuilding)
[例] We will have to renovate the house extensively before we can move in. 在入住之前我们必须大规模翻修一下这栋房子。
[近] doctor, fix, patch, recondition, repair, revamp
[反] blemish, break, damage, deface, disfigure, harm, hurt, impair, injure, mar, ruin, vandalize, wreck 破坏
【考法2】vt. 使重获新生,使焕然一新:to bring back to life, practice, activity or a former condition of vigor
[例] The church was renovated by a new ecumenical spirit. 新的宗教领袖的到来让教堂焕发新生。
[近] recharge, refresh, rejuvenate, rekindle, renew, restore, resurrect, resuscitate, revitalize, revivify
[反] degenerate, deteriorate, worsen 衰退,恶化
symbol: ['renəveɪt]
zhuji: 【记】re再，nov＝new，ate：再次变成新的－修复
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [again] + nov [new] + -ate [v.], make new again → vt. 修复,维修;使重获新生,使焕然一新
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (21, 4)

正面: repartee
definition: 【考法1】n. 机智的回答:a quick witty response
[例] That repartee to the reporter's question drew laughs from the bystanders. 对记者问题的机智回答引来了旁观者的笑声。
[近] comeback, riposte
【考法2】n. 打趣,善意的玩笑:good-natured teasing or exchanging of clever remarks
[例] Repartee is harder to do with text messaging. 用短信开玩笑困难多了。
[近] backchat, badinage, chaff, jesting, joshing, persiflage, raillery
symbol: [ˌrepɑ:r'ti:]
zhuji: 【记】re反；part（n 部分），ee－反驳的部分－巧妙的回答
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (21, 4)

正面: repatriate
definition: 【考法】vt. 遣返:to restore or return to the country of origin, allegiance, or citizenship
[例] As soon as the war ends, the government will start to repatriate war refugees. 只要战争一结束,政府就会开始遣返战争难民。
[反] banish, deport, expatriate 放逐,驱逐
symbol: [ˌri:'peɪtrieɪt]
zhuji: 【记】re反，patri父亲，祖国，ate－反回祖国－遣返
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back] + patr [fatherland, 祖国] + - (i) ate [v.],使 (被迫) 回到祖国 → v. 遣返
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (21, 4)

正面: repeal
definition: 【考法1】vt. 撤销,废除(法律等):to rescind or annul by authoritative act
[例] The company called the furniture store to repeal the order for six new desks. 公司要求家具店撤销六张新桌子的订单。‖In 1933, Congress passed the 21st Amendment which repealed the Prohibition Amendment of 1919, thus making the sale, distribution, and use of alcohol legal once again. 1933年,国会通过了《第二十一修正案》,该法案废除了于1919年制订的《禁酒法》,从而使得酒的买卖、配送和使用再次合法化。
[近] abort, abrogate, annul, cancel, disannul, invalidate, negate, null, nullify, rescind, revoke, vacate, void
[反] continue, keep 继续;enact, establish, legislate 立法,制订
【考法2】vt. 宣布与…决裂:to refuse to follow, obey, or recognize any further
[例] If I find that you have been lying about this, I'll instantly repeal every promise I made to you. 只要我发现在这个问题上你对我撒了谎,那我们之间的承诺就彻底破裂了。
[近] forswear, recant, renege, renounce, repudiate, retract, withdraw
[反] adhere, stick 坚持,忠于
symbol: [rɪ'pi:l]
zhuji: 【记】re反，peal＝appeal（n 请求；呼吁）－反过来呼吁－废徐re反，pe破，al＝all：反过来使所有的法律都破了－废除
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (21, 4)

正面: repel
definition: 【考法1】vt. 抵制:to fight against; resist
[例] Self-discipline ensures that you can repel the things that induce you. 自律可以保证你抵制那些诱惑你的事物。‖I repelled the temptation to stay out late and call in sick the next day. 我抵住了晚上玩通宵然后第二天谎称生病的诱惑。
[近] buck, defy, fight, oppose, resist, withstand
[反] capitulate, submit, succumb, surrender, yield, give in 屈服
【考法2】vt. 使厌恶:to cause aversion in: disgust
[例] Evil odors always repel me. 臭味总是让我恶心。
[近] disgust, nauseate, repulse, revolt, sicken
[反] allure, attract, bewitch, captivate, charm, enchant, entice, fascinate, lure, seduce, tempt 吸引,诱惑
[派] repelling adj. 令人厌恶的
symbol: [rɪ'pel]
zhuji: 【记】re反，pel推－反推－击退；反感
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back] + pel [drive], drive back, 驱逐回去 → vt. 抵制;使反 (感) → vt. 使厌恶
[注] 其他由pel组成的单词:expel [驱逐] , impel [推动]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (21, 4)

正面: repertoire
definition: 【考法】n.(技术、设备或原料等的)详单:the complete list or supply of skills, devices, or ingredients used in a particular field, occupation, or practice
[例] The chef's repertoire of specialties seems to be limited, with several of the dishes appearing over and over again in slightly varied guises. 这个厨师的所有拿手好戏看来是很有限的,因为上来的几盘菜看起来只是稍微换了一下装饰而已。
[近] budget, fund, inventory, pool, reservoir, stock
symbol: ['repərtwɑ:r]
zhuji: 【记】源于：repertory（n 仓库），剧目的仓库－全部剧目
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (21, 4)

正面: repine
definition: 【考法1】vi. 抱怨,表达不满:to feel or express discontent or dejection
[例] There is no use repining over a love that's been long lost. 抱怨早已失去的爱情是没有用的。
[近] carp, complain, fuss, gripe, grouch, grouse, growl, grumble, inveigh, moan, murmur, mutter, wail, whine
[反] crow, delight, rejoice 高兴
【考法2】vi. 渴望:to long for something
[例] During the deep cold of winter, I repine for warm tropical beaches. 在寒冬,我渴望温暖的热带海滩。
[近] ache, covet, crave, desiderate, hunger, itch, long, lust, pine, salivate, thirst, want, wish, yearn
[反] abhor, abominate, detest, dislike, hate, loathe 厌恶,讨厌
symbol: [rɪ'paɪn]
zhuji: 【记】re反复，pine（n 松树；v 憔悴）－因苦恼、不满而憔悴－抱怨
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (21, 4)

正面: replete
definition: 【考法1】adj. 彻底吃饱了的:having one's appetite completely satisfied
[例] Everyone is completely replete after the huge meal. 在大餐之后,每个人都吃撑了。
[近] sated, satiate, satiated, stuffed, surfeited
[反] empty, famished, hungry, starved, starving 挨饿的
【考法2】adj. 充满…的,富于…的:possessing or covered with great numbers or amounts of something specified
[例] a scholar replete with knowledge 博学的学者
[近] abounding, abundant, awash, flush, fraught, lousy, swarming, teeming, thick, thronging
[反] depleted, drained, exhausted 耗竭的;deficient, incomplete, insufficient, short 缺乏的
[派] repletion n. 装满
symbol: [rɪ'pli:t]
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [again, 加强语气] + plet [fill] + -e [a.], 不断地填充 → a. 彻底吃饱了的;充满…的,富于…的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (21, 4)

正面: repose
definition: 【考法1】n.(劳作后的)休息:a state of resting after exertion or strain
[例] The doctor ordered a period of repose for the patient suffering from insomnia. 医生要求正在饱受失眠折磨的病人好好休息一阵。
[近] ease, leisure, relaxation
[反] exertion, labor, toil, work 劳动,工作
【考法2】n. 平静,宁静:a state of freedom from storm or disturbance
[例] We enjoyed the repose of a summer evening on a remote island. 我们在遥远的小岛上共享了夏日傍晚的片刻安宁。
[近] calmness, hush, peace, placidity, quietness, restfulness, serenity, still, tranquility
[反] commotion, pandemonium, tumult, turmoil, unrest, uproar 骚乱,动乱
【考法3】vi. 休息:to take a rest
[例] They have to repose on couches because all beds have been occupied. 因为所有的床都有人占了,他们不得不在沙发上休息。
[近] idle, loll, lounge, relax, rest
[反] drudge, hustle, moil, strive, struggle, sweat, travail 努力工作
【考法4】vt. 放置,交给他人:to put(something)into the possession or safekeeping of another
[例] The Constitution reposes the power to declare war to Congress, and to that body alone. 宪法将宣战的权力交给了国会单独保管。
[近] consign, delegate, deliver, entrust, leave, pass, transfer, transmit, vest, hand over, turn over, give over
[反] hold, keep, retain, withhold 保留
symbol: [rɪ'poʊz]
zhuji: 【记】re反复，pose摆放－辗转反侧－睡觉
zhuji3000: 【联】 re [rest] + pose [pause], rest, pause → n. (劳作后的) 休息vi. 休息;暴风雨“休息” → n. 平静,宁静;一个人休息之后 → vt. 放置,交给他人
[注] 也可以理解成re- [back] + pos [put] + -e [v.] , 即“放到后面”,引出“休息”的含义
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (21, 4)

正面: reprehend
definition: 【考法】vt. 谴责,责难,批评:to express one's unfavorable opinion of the worth or quality of
[例] Without exception, book reviewers reprehended the novel's trite plot. 毫无[例]外的,小说缺乏新意的故事情节受到了评论家们的责难。
[近] berate, blame, castigate, censure, condemn, denounce, dispraise, fault, knock, lambaste, pan, upbraid
[反] extol, laud, praise 表扬
[派] reprehensible adj. 应受谴责的
symbol: [reprɪ'hend]
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [again] + prehend [seize], 反复抓 (毛病) → vt. 谴责,责难,批评
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (21, 5)

正面: repress
definition: 【考法1】vt. 镇压:to put down by force, usually before total control has been lost; quell
[例] Military quickly repressed the rebellion in the city and restored order. 军方迅速平息了市内的暴乱,恢复了秩序。
[近] crush, quash, quell, silence, squash, squelch, subdue, suppress
[反] foment, incite, instigate, provoke, stir 煽动,激起
【考法2】vt. 阻止(正常的表达、活动或发展等):to prevent the natural or normal expression, activity, or development of
[例] You can't repress your feelings forever, so tell her that you love her. 你不可能永远压抑自己的感受,所以大胆地向她表白吧。
[近] bridle, check, curb, muffle, smother, stifle, strangle, swallow
[反] express, loose, release, take out, unleash, vent(情感等的)表达,宣泄
[派] repression n. 阻止,镇压
symbol: [rɪ'pres]
zhuji: 【记】源于：press（v /n 压）
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back] + press [压], 向回压, 向相反方向压 (以压制) → vt. 镇压;阻止 (正常的表达、活动或发展等)
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (21, 5)

正面: reprieve
definition: 【考法1】vt. 对…暂缓处刑,免罪:to postpone or cancel the punishment of
[例] Fourteen people, waiting to be hanged for the murder of a former prime minister, have been reprieved. 十四个因为谋杀前首相而等待绞刑的人获得了缓刑。
[近] absolve, acquit, amnesty, condone, excuse, forgive, pardon, remit, respite, spare
[反] penalize, punish 惩罚
【考法2】vt. 维持…运行:to prevent(something)from being closed, destroyed, etc., for a period of time
[例] The library has been reprieved and will remain open for at least another year. 图书馆的状况得到了缓解,还将继续开放一年。
[近] deliver, rescue, save
symbol: [rɪ'pri:v]
zhuji: 【记】re再，prieve拿－再从刑场拿回来－缓刑
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (21, 5)

正面: reproach
definition: 【考法1】n. 令人羞愧的事物,耻辱:one that causes shame, rebuke or blame
[例] a reproach to this entire school 整个学校的耻辱
[近] dishonor, opprobrium, reflection, spot, scandal, stain, stigma, taint
[反] credit, honor 荣誉
【考法2】vt. 批评,责备:to express disapproval, criticism, or disappointment in(someone)
[例] reproached by their mother for untidiness 因为邋遢而被他们的母亲批评
[近] admonish, berate, castigate, chide, condemn, denounce, lambaste, rebuke, reprimand, reprove, upbraid
[反] commend, eulogize, extol, laud, praise 表扬
[派] irreproachable adj. 无可指责的
symbol: [rɪ'proʊt∫]
zhuji: 【记】re反，proach靠近－以反对的方式靠近－谴责
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position: (21, 5)

正面: reprobate
definition: 【考法1】n. 堕落者,道德败坏的人:a morally unprincipled person
[例] The program rehabilitates reprobates and turns them into hard-working, law-abiding citizens. 这个项目让那些堕落的人改过自新,并将他们变成勤劳守法的好公民。
[近] brute, devil, fiend, miscreant, rapscallion, rascal, villain
[反] saint 圣人
【考法2】adj. 堕落的,放荡的:morally corrupt
[例] He is a reprobate judge who could be bribed, and often with astonishing ease. 他是一个堕落的法官,极其容易就被贿赂了。
[近] debased, debauched, degraded, depraved, dissipated, dissolute, libertine, perverse, perverted, rakish
[反] good, moral, righteous, virtuous 有道德的;pure, uncorrupted 纯净的,未受污染的
【考法3】vt. 谴责,痛斥:to condemn strongly as unworthy, unacceptable, or evil
[例] He reprobated his son's unconventional lifestyle. 他怒斥他儿子不遵循传统的生活习惯。
[近] blame, criticize, censure, condemn, denounce, denunciate, reprehend
[反] commend, eulogize, extol, laud, praise 表扬
【考法4】vt. 拒绝,不提供:to be unwilling to grant
[例] The government will most likely reprobate the request for parole. 政府很有可能会拒绝假释的要求。
[近] decline, disallow, disapprove, negative, nix, refuse, reject, repudiate, withhold
[反] allow, concede, grant, let, permit, vouchsafe 允许,给予
symbol: ['reprəbeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】re反，prob赞扬，ate－反赞扬－指责re反复，prob＝probe探求，ate吃的：反复找吃的里面有没有苍蝇，如果找到了就非难餐厅经理－堕落者
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [opposite of] + prob [prove] + -ate [n.&a.&v.], opposite of “prove (to be right) ” → n. 堕落者,道德败坏的人 a. 堕落的,放荡的;opposite of “approve” → vt. 拒绝,不提供;谴责,痛斥
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (21, 5)

正面: reproof
definition: 【考法】n. 批评,反对:criticism for a fault, rebuke
[例] The head teacher speaks in tones of gentle reproof. 校长的话语中带有轻微的批评。
[近] commination, condemnation, denunciation, excoriation, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, stricture
[反] commendation, eulogy, praise 赞扬;endorsement 同意
symbol: [rɪ'pru:f]
zhuji: 【记】re反，proof（n 证据）：有反面的证据就可以谴责你。
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (21, 5)

正面: reprove
definition: 【考法1】vt. 温和地责备,警告:to scold or correct usually gently or with kindly intent
[例] My piano teacher often reproves me for slouching while playing, observing that good posture helps one play better. 我的钢琴老师常常会因为懒散的坐姿而批评我,他认为良好的坐姿能让我弹得更好。
[近] admonish, blame, chide, criticize, reprimand, reproach
[反] lambaste 严厉地责备;commend, eulogize, extol, laud, praise 表扬
【考法2】vt. 不欣赏,不喜欢:to hold an unfavorable opinion of
[例] The older generation has always reproved the younger generation's taste in music. 老一代的人总是不喜欢新一代的音乐品味。
[近] deprecate, discountenance, disesteem, disfavor, dislike, frown
[反] adore, approve, endorse, enjoy, favor, like 支持,喜欢
symbol: [rɪ'pru:v]
zhuji: 【记】re反，prove（v 证明）－反证－责备
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [against] + prov [prove] + -e [v.], prove against → vt. 温和地责备,警告;不欣赏,不喜欢
【派】 reproof [n. 批评, 反对]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (21, 5)

正面: repudiate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 否认:to declare not to be true
[例] She repudiated the charge that she had lied on her résumé. 她否认了她在简历中作假的指控。
[近] contradict, disaffirm, disavow, disclaim, disconfirm, disown, gainsay, negate, negative, refute, reject
[反] acknowledge, admit, allow, avow, concede, confirm 承认
【考法2】vt. 拒绝接受:to show unwillingness to accept, do, engage in, or agree to
[例] We didn't like the terms, so we repudiated the contract. 我们没有接受这份合同,因为我们对其中的条款表示不满。
[近] balk, deselect, disapprove, negative, nix, refuse, reprobate, spurn
[反] accept, agree, approve 接受,承认
[派] repudiation n. 拒绝;否认
symbol: [rɪ'pju:dieɪt]
zhuji: 【记】re反，pudi＝put放，ate－反过来放掉－抛弃
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (21, 5)

正面: repugnant
definition: 【考法1】adj. 令人厌恶的:arousing disgust or aversion
[例] The idea of moving again became repugnant to her. 又要搬家的想法让她感到厌恶。
[近] abhorrent, abominable, awful, disgusting, distasteful, hideous, loathsome, noisome, obnoxious, repulsive
[反] innocuous, inoffensive 无害的;agreeable, delightful, enjoyable, gratifying, pleasing 令人愉悦的
【考法2】adj. 不和谐的,不协调的:not being in agreement or harmony
[例] Technically speaking, it may not be a violation, but it is certainly repugnant to the spirit of the law. 技术上来说这还算不上违法,但是这肯定违背了法律的精神。
[近] conflicting, discordant, incompatible, incongruous, inconsonant, inharmonious, mutually exclusive
[反] accordant, agreeing, compatible, concordant, conformable, congruent, congruous, consistent, consonant, harmonious 和谐的
[派] repugnance n. 厌恶;不一致
symbol: [rɪ'pʌgnənt]
zhuji: 【记】re反，pugn打斗，ant－反过去打－令人厌恶的
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position: (21, 5)

正面: repulse
definition: 【考法】vt. 使厌恶,排斥:to rebuff or reject with rudeness, coldness, or denial
[例] The scenes of violence in the film may repulse some viewers. 电影中某些暴力场景可能会使观众反感。
[近] disgust, nauseate, repel, revolt, sicken
[反] allure, attract, bewitch, captivate, charm, enchant, entice, fascinate, lure, seduce, tempt 吸引,诱惑
[派] repulsion n. 排斥
symbol: [rɪ'pʌls]
zhuji: 【记】re反，pulse推－反推出去－击退；反感
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back] + puls [pel, drive] + -e [v.], drive back, 参考repel → vt. 使厌恶,排斥
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (21, 5)

正面: repute
definition: 【考法】n.(尤指好的)名声,名誉:a good reputation
[例] Before his national bestseller, he was a writer of little repute. 在他的全国畅销书面市之前他是个没什么名声的作家。
[近] celebrity, fame, name, renown, reputation
[反] infamy, notoriety 坏名声
[派] reputable adj. 有好名声的
symbol: [rɪ'pju:t]
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position: (21, 6)

正面: requite
definition: 【考法1】vt. 酬谢,报答:to make repayment or return for
[例] requite her love with hatred 恩将仇报
[近] indemnify, reciprocate, recompense, recoup, reimburse, remunerate, repay
【考法2】vt. 报仇:to punish in kind the wrongdoer responsible for
[例] The future writer would later requite the abuse he suffered at the hands of his classmates by creating scathing portraits of them in his novels. 未来的作家会把在同学那里受了委屈的帐算清的——他会在小说中把他们描绘成恶人。
[近] avenge, redress, retaliate, revenge
[反] absolve, condone, forgive, pardon 饶恕,宽恕
symbol: [rɪ'kwaɪt]
zhuji: 【记】re反，quit放弃，e：把自己的东西放弃给别人－报答
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back] + quit [quit] + -e [v.], “quit back”, 将…退回 → v. 酬谢,报答;报仇
【联】 unrequited [a. 无报答的,无报酬的]
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position: (21, 6)

正面: requisite
definition: 【考法1】n. 必需品:something necessary, indispensable, or unavoidable
[例] Calculus is a requisite for modern physics. 微积分是学习近代物理的必要知识。
[近] condition, demand, necessity, need, requirement
【考法2】adj. 必不可少的,必备的:essential, necessary
[例] Oxygen is requisite for human to survive. 氧气是维持人类生存的必要条件。
[近] critical, compulsory, imperative, indispensable, mandatory, necessary, obligatory, required, vital
[反] needless, unnecessary 不必要的;dispensable, optional 可替换的,可选择的
symbol: ['rekwɪzɪt]
zhuji3000: 【联】 require [需要, 要求] → a. 必不可少的,必备的 n.必需品
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position: (21, 6)

正面: rescind
definition: 【考法】vt. 废除,取消:to make void
[例] The government refused to rescind the order of curfew. 政府拒绝撤销宵禁的决定。
[近] abolish, abrogate, annul, cancel, invalidate, negate, null, nullify, recall, repeal, revoke, void
[反] establish, enact 建立;continue, keep 维持,保持
symbol: [rɪ'sɪnd]
zhuji: 【记】re反，sci切，nd－反切掉－废除读：来新的－所以要废除旧的
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [加强语气] + scind [cut, 同源词根sciss], cut, 切掉规定 → vt. 废除,取消
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position: (21, 6)

正面: reserved
definition: 【考法】adj. 内向的,缄默的:restrained in words and actions
[例] too reserved to offer a spontaneous criticism 过于缄默而不愿意发表真实的看法
[近] closemouthed, constrained, laconic, reticent, restrained, silent, taciturn
[反] communicative, expansive, talkative 健谈的;garrulous, loquacious 话多的
[派] unreserved adj. 无保留的,外向的
symbol: [rɪ'zɜ:rvd]
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back] + serv [keep] + -ed [a.], keep (words) back, 不说话的 → a. 内向的,缄默的
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position: (21, 6)

正面: residue
definition: 【考法】n. 剩余物:something that remains after a part is taken, separated, or designated
[例] In the race of nature, there is no residue left for the late. 在大自然的竞争中,总是早起的鸟儿才有虫吃。
[近] debris, remainder, remnant
[派] residual adj. 剩余的
symbol: ['rezɪdu:]
zhuji: 【记】源于：reside（v 留下来；居住），留下来的东西－残渣
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back, again] + sid [sit] + -ue [n.], sit back again, 重新坐回来 → n. 剩余物
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position: (21, 6)

正面: resign
definition: 【考法】vt. 辞职,放弃(职位):to give up one's job or office
[例] She resigned her position at the university. 她自动放弃她在大学的职位。
[近] abnegate, cede, relinquish, renounce, surrender, step down
[反] assume, inaugurate 就职,承担(责任);usurp 篡位
symbol: [rɪ'zaɪn]
zhuji: 【记】re再，sign签名：再次签名－辞职
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [opposite] + sign [sign (in) ], opposite of “sign in”, 与“登记、注册 (一个职位) ”相反的动作 → vt. 辞职,放弃 (职位)
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position: (21, 6)

正面: resilience
definition: 【考法1】n. 弹力:the property of a material that enables it to resume its original shape or position after being bent, stretched, or compressed
[近] elasticity, flexibility, malleability, pliability
[反] inelasticity 无弹性
【考法2】n. 恢复能力:the ability to recover quickly from illness, change, or misfortune
[例] Her mental resilience helped her promptly walk out of the shadow of her father's death. 她的精神恢复能力让她很快地走出了父亲去世的阴影。
[近] adaptability
[派] resilient adj. 有弹性的;能迅速恢复的
symbol: [rɪ'zɪliəns]
zhuji: 【记】re再，sili跳，ence－能再次跳起－弹回re反复，si死，lience：能反复的死，就能反复的恢复－弹回
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back] + sil [sul, leap] + i + -ence [n.], (a ball) leap back → n. 弹力;(a person) recover → n. 恢复能力
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (21, 6)

正面: resolute
definition: 【考法】adj. 坚定的:marked by firm determination
[例] We are glad to have such a resolute ally. 我们很高兴能拥有这样一个坚定的盟友。
[近] bound, decided, faithful, resolved, unwavering
[反] faltering, hesitant, indecisive, irresolute, jittery, vacillating, wavering 犹豫的,踌躇的
[派] resolution n. 坚定的决心
symbol: ['rezəlu:t]
zhuji: 【记】源于：resolve（n 决心；v 决定；溶解；解决）
zhuji3000: 【记】 re- [again] + solut [solve, 解决] + -e [a.], 反复尝试解决 → a. 坚定的
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position: (21, 6)

正面: resonant
definition: 【考法】adj.(声音)洪亮的,共鸣的:strong and deep in tone
[例] A deep resonant voice rang out. 传来了洪亮的声音。
[近] consonant, orotund, plangent, resounding, reverberant, sonorous, vibrant
[反] faint, low, muffled, muted, smothered, soft, weak 声音模糊的,低声的
[派] resonance n. 洪亮
symbol: ['rezənənt]
zhuji: 【记】re反复，son声音，ant－声音反复－洪亮的；回响的
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [again] + son [sound] + -ant [a.], (声音) 有回响,有共鸣的 → a. (声音) 洪亮的,共鸣的
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position: (21, 6)

正面: resourceful
definition: 【考法】adj. 有创造力的,机智的:able to act effectively or imaginatively, especially in difficult situations
[例] a resourceful man capable of dealing with difficult situations 一个能巧妙解决困局的能人
[近] able, adroit, competent, talented
[派] resourcefulness n. 足智多谋
symbol: [rɪ'sɔ:rsfl]
zhuji: 【记】源于：resource（n 资源；智谋）
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position: (21, 7)

正面: respite
definition: 【考法】n. 间歇,休息:an interval of rest or relief
[例] toil without respite 埋头苦干‖In the middle of each semester there came a short respite. 在每个学期的期中,会有一个短暂的休假。
[近] break, lull, intermission, recess, pause, rest
[反] resumption 继续进行;exertion, labor, toil, work 劳动,工作
symbol: ['respɪt]
zhuji: 【记】re反复，spite＝bite咬：反复咬你，需要休息－间歇
zhuji3000: 【联】 读音联想“rest a bit”,些许休息 → n. 间歇,休息
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position: (21, 7)

正面: respire
definition: 【考法】vi. 呼吸:to inhale and exhale air successively
[例] unable to respire due to heart attack 因心脏病发作而无法呼吸
[近] breathe, inhale
[反] smother, stifle, suffocate 停止呼吸,窒息
[派] respiration n. 呼吸
symbol: [rɪ'spaɪər]
zhuji: 【记】re反复，spir呼吸，e：呼吸
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [again] + spir [breathe] + -e [v.], (一再地) 呼吸 → v. 呼吸
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position: (21, 7)

正面: resplendent
definition: 【考法】adj. 华丽辉煌的:shining brilliantly
[例] Geography teacher showed us a picture of the resplendent aurora borealis. 地理老师给我们展示了一张壮丽的北极光的照片。
[近] brilliant, glorious, gorgeous, grand, magnificent, splendid, sublime, superb
[反] dim, dull, lackluster 黯淡无光的
[派] resplendence n. 辉煌
symbol: [rɪ'splendənt]
zhuji: 【记】re反复，splend闪耀，ent：反复闪耀－辉煌的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (21, 7)

正面: responsive
definition: 【考法】adj. 反应的;敏感的:quick to respond or react appropriately or sympathetically
[例] Children are often the most responsive members of the audience. 儿童通常是观众中最为敏感的群体。
[近] prompt, sensible, sensitive, susceptible
[反] dispassionate 无动于衷的;detached, indifferent 冷漠的
[派] responsiveness n. 有反应;热诚
symbol: [rɪ'spɑ:nsɪv]
zhuji: 【记】respons反应，ive过分－过分有反应的－敏感的
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position: (21, 7)

正面: restive
definition: 【考法1】adj. 急躁的,忧虑的:marked by impatience or uneasiness
[例] I spent a restive night worrying about the next day's exam. 我度过了忧虑的一晚,担心明天的考试。
[近] restless, nervy, uneasy, uptight
[反] imperturbable 沉着的;phlegmatic 冷静的
【考法2】adj. 难以管束的:stubbornly resisting control
[例] Tired soldiers grew restive. 疲惫的士兵变得越来越难以管理。
[近] balky, contumacious, defiant, insubordinate, intractable, obstreperous, obstinate, perverse, recalcitrant, refractory
[反] amenable, biddable, compliant, conformable, docile, obedient, ruly, submissive, tractable 服从的
[派] restiveness n. 不安,躁动
symbol: ['restɪv]
zhuji: 【记】rest休息，ive过分：休息的过分，在考G期间就会有负罪感－焦躁不安的
zhuji3000: 【记】 rest [休息] + -ive [a.], 马在行进时经常停下来 (不正常前进) → a. 急躁的,忧虑的;难以管束的
[注] restless [a. 焦躁不安的,不平静的] 是restive的近义词
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position: (21, 7)

正面: restless
definition: 【考法】adj. 不平静的:marked by or causing a lack of quiet, repose, or rest
[例] The patient felt restless from pain. 病人因疼痛而无法平静。
[近] agitating, anxious, distressful, disturbing, fraught, restive, perturbed, uneasy, unquiet, unsettled
[反] halcyon, peaceful, serene, tranquil 平静的,安宁的
symbol: ['restləs]
zhuji3000: 【根】 rest [休息;静止] + -less [a.], 不休息的,不静止的 → a. 不平静的
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position: (21, 7)

正面: restrain
definition: 【考法】vt. 限制,控制:to limit, restrict, or keep under control
[例] The old lady restrained the child from picking the flowers. 老妇人不准孩子们采摘花朵。
[近] bridle, check, constrain, curb, inhibit, measure, prevent, refrain, withhold
[反] discharge, release 释放
[派] restrained adj. 受限制的
symbol: [rɪ'streɪn]
zhuji: 【记】源于：restrict（v 限制；限定）
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back] + strain [draw tight], draw back tight, 紧紧向回拉 → vt. 限制,控制
【联】 同源近义词restrict [v. 限制]
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position: (21, 7)

正面: resurgence
definition: 【考法】n. 复兴:a restoration to use, acceptance, activity, or vigor
[例] Let's witness the resurgence of classical school. 让我们见证古典乐派的复兴。
[近] reanimation, rebirth, regeneration, rejuvenation, re.ewal, resurrection, resuscitation, revitalization
[反] decay, degradation, deterioration, downfall, ebb, fall 衰落
[派] resurgent adj. 正在复兴的
symbol: [rɪ'sɜ:rʤəns]
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [again] + surg [rise] + -ence [n.], 再一次崛起 → n. 复兴
(2) 词根cit表示“(向上) 引, 唤起 [arouse]”, cite [引用] 就来自该词根。excite [v. 激起, 使兴奋] 指“引 [cit] 出 [ex-] (一个人的兴致)”。
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position: (21, 7)

正面: resuscitate
definition: 【考法】vt. 使复活,使苏醒:to restore consciousness, vigor, or life to
[例] resuscitated by the kiss of the prince 因王子的吻而苏醒
[近] reanimate, recharge, refresh, rejuvenate, rekindle, renew, resurrect, revitalize, revive, revivify
[反] faint 昏迷
[派] resuscitation n. 复活,复兴;resuscitated adj. 复活的
symbol: [rɪ'sʌsɪteɪt]
zhuji: 【记】re再，sus下面，cit引起，ate－再次从下面引起来－复活re反复，su苏（醒），scit，ate吃：反复吃后苏醒－复活
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [again] + sus- [sub-, under] + cit [arouse] + -ate [v.], arouse (from “under”) again, 再一次唤起、唤醒 → vt. 使复活,使苏醒
【参】 resurgence [n. 复兴]
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position: (21, 7)

正面: retainer
definition: 【考法】n. 家仆:a person attached or owing service to a household
[例] Knights are dressed for battle by their retainers. 骑士们在上战场之前是由他们的家仆帮助着装打扮的。
[近] menial, servant
[反] lord, master 主人
symbol: [rɪ'teɪnər]
zhuji: 【记】retain（v 保留），er：在身边保留的人－侍从
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back] + tain [hold] + -er [n.], (who is) hold back, 在后面候着的人 → n. 家仆
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position: (21, 8)

正面: retaliate
definition: 【考法】v. 报复,反击:to pay back(as an injury)in kind
[例] We swear to retaliate for our losses. 我们发誓要以牙还牙。
[近] avenge, redress, requite, revenge
[反] absolve, condone, forgive, pardon 饶恕,宽恕
[派] retaliation n. 报复
symbol: [rɪ'tælieɪt]
zhuji: 【记】re反，tail恶，ate－把恶反回去－报复re反复，tali＝tall，ate：反复吃饭要长高，然后就可以报复了。Re反复，tali大力，ate：反复用大力报复
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position: (21, 8)

正面: retard
definition: 【考法】vt. 减速,延迟:to cause to move or proceed slowly; delay or impede
[例] Language barriers retarded their negotiating progress. 语言障碍让谈判进程受阻。
[近] bog, brake, decelerate, delay, detain, hamper, impede, mire, slacken
[反] accelerate, catalyze, expedite, hasten, precipitate 加速,促进
symbol: [rɪ'tɑ:rd]
zhuji: 【记】re反复，tard迟缓－妨碍
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position: (21, 8)

正面: retinue
definition: 【考法】n. 随行人员:a group of retainers or attendants
[例] The premier inspected the factory with his retinue. 总理与随同人员一起视察了工厂。
[近] associates, entourage, followers, posse, retainers
[反] leader 领导者
symbol: ['retənu:]
zhuji: 【记】re反复，tin拿，ue－反复拿东西的人－随从re反复，ti踢，nu牛，e：主人在牛的身上，随从反复踢牛帮助赶牛。
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back] + tin [hold] + -ue [n.], (who is) hold back, 在后面侯着的人 → n. 随行人员
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position: (21, 8)

正面: reticent
definition: 【考法1】adj. 沉默不语的:inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in speech
[例] He was reticent about his plans. 他对他的计划三缄其口。
[近] closemouthed, constrained, laconic, reserved, restrained, silent, taciturn
[反] communicative, expansive, talkative 健谈的;garrulous, loquacious 话多的
【考法2】adj. 不愿意的:slow to begin or proceed with a course of action because of doubts or uncertainty
[例] Understandably, she's reticent about becoming involved with another religious sect. 不难理解,她不愿意被牵扯进另一个宗教派别之中。
[近] cagey, disinclined, dubious, indisposed, loath, reluctant
[反] willing 乐意的;disposed, inclined 倾向于做某事的;eager 渴望的
symbol: ['retɪsnt]
zhuji: 【记】re反复，ti踢，cent钱币：失恋后在路上发现一枚硬币，反复踢回家，这个过程一般是沉默不语的。Re反复，ticent读：提神－因为reticent所以需要反复提神
zhuji3000: 【联】 re- [一再] + tic [tick, 滴答] + -ent [a.], 滴答的钟声 (没有人说话,所以才能听到) → a. 沉默不语的;不愿意的
[注] 也可联想成“rest + -ic + -ent”
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position: (21, 8)

正面: retort
definition: 【考法】n.(尤指机智的)回应,回答:something spoken or written in reaction especially to a question, especially a quick, witty, or cutting reply
[例] She responded to the heckler with a scathing but hilarious retort that instantly won over the audience. 面对故意起哄捣乱的人,她那严厉但不失幽默的回答立刻得到了观众的肯定。
[近] comeback, rejoinder, repartee, reply, response, return, riposte
[反] inquiry, query, question 问题,问询
symbol: [rɪ'tɔ:rt]
zhuji: 【记】re反，tort扭－反驳
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back] + tort [twist], twist back, (对于质疑等的) 向回 (扭) → n. (尤指机智的) 回应,回答
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position: (21, 8)

正面: retouch
definition: 【考法】v. 润饰,改进:to improve or change(a photographic negative or print)
[例] She was retouching her painting before the deadline. 在截止日期到来之前,她一直在润色她的画作。
[近] ameliorate, enhance, furbish, meliorate, perfect, polish, refine, upgrade
[反] deteriorate, downgrade, worsen 恶化,降低
symbol: [ˌri:'tʌt∫]
zhuji: 【记】re反复，touch抚摸：润色
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [again] + touch [v. 碰,触摸],“重新碰” → v. 润饰,改进
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position: (21, 8)

正面: retract
definition: 【考法】vt. 收回,否认:to take back
[例] The newspaper had to retract its allegations against the mayor. 报纸不得不收回针对市长的谣言。
[近] abjure, abnegate, disavow, forswear, recall, recant, renounce, repeal, repudiate, withdraw
[反] tender 提出(建议,想法);adhere, stick 坚持
[派] retractable adj. 可收回的
symbol: [rɪ'trækt]
zhuji: 【记】re反，tract拉－拉回－缩回
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position: (21, 8)

正面: retrench
definition: 【考法】vi. 削减开支:to curtail expenses
[例] Declining business forced the company to retrench. 衰减的业务迫使公司削减开支。
[近] economize, reduce, cut down
[反] enlarge, expand 扩大,扩张
[派] retrenchment n. 削减开销
symbol: [rɪ'trent∫]
zhuji: 【记】re反，trench（n 沟渠；战壕）：返回在战壕的生活－节约开支
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [加强语气] + trench [cut], cut (expenses) → vi. 削减开支
[注] trench作为单词是“沟渠”的含义。沟渠是“切”出来的。
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position: (21, 8)

正面: retribution
definition: 【考法】n. 报偿,报应:the dispensing or receiving of reward or punishment especially in the hereafter
[例] The neighborhood is being torn apart by an endless cycle of gang violence and retribution. 这个社区正在被帮派间斗争和仇恨的恶性循环割裂。
[近] avengement, payback, recompense, reparation, repayment, requital, retaliation, revenge, vengeance
[派] retributive n. 报应的
symbol: [ˌretrɪ'bju:∫n]
zhuji: 【记】re反，tribut给予，ion－反过来给予－报应
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position: (21, 8)

正面: retrograde
definition: 【考法1】adj. 倒退的:moving or tending backward
[例] This is a retrograde step and you will regret it. 这是后退的一步,你以后肯定会后悔的。
[近] backward, receding, regressive, reversed, withdrawing
[反] progressive 前进的
【考法2】vi. 退步,退化:to decline to a worse condition
[例] The Dark Ages is the period following the fall of the Roman Empire when Western civilization seriously retrograded.“黑暗时代”指的是罗马帝国崩溃之后,西方文明严重退步的一个历史时期。
[近] atrophy, crumble, decay, decline, degenerate, descend, deteriorate, ebb, regress, rot, sink, worsen
[反] ameliorate, improve, meliorate 改善
symbol: ['retrəgreɪd]
zhuji: 【记】retro向后，grade走－向后走－后退的
zhuji3000: 【根】 retro- [re-, backward] + grad [step] + -e [a.&v.], step backward → a. 倒退的 vi. 退步,退化
[注] 前缀retro来自re- [back],表示向后
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position: (21, 9)

正面: retrospective
definition: 【考法】adj. 回顾的:looking back on, contemplating, or directed to the past
[例] a retrospective glance at my youth 朝我少年时代投去的回顾性一瞥
[近] backward
[反] anticipatory, prospective 预期的,未来的
symbol: [ˌretrə'spektɪv]
zhuji: 【记】retro向后，spect看，ive－向后看－回顾的
zhuji3000: 【根】 retro- [re-, back] + spect [look] + -ive [a.], look back → a. 回顾的
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position: (21, 9)

正面: revelry
definition: 【考法】n. 狂欢,喧闹的作乐:noisy partying or merrymaking
[例] They were exhausted after the night of revelry. 一夜狂欢后大家都筋疲力尽。
[近] conviviality, festivity, gaiety, jollity, merriment, rejoicing, revel, whoopee
[反] gloom, grief, melancholy, misery, mournfulness, sorrow, woe 悲哀,哀痛
symbol: ['revlri]
zhuji: 【记】revel＝rebel造反，ry－狂欢
zhuji3000: 【联】 revel [rebel] + -ry [n.], 像造反一样 → n. 狂乐,喧闹的作乐
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position: (21, 9)

正面: revenge
definition: 【考法1】n. 报复,复仇:an act or instance of retaliating in order to get even
[例] Both sides were determined to get revenge for losses and showed little interest in ending the feud. 双方都下定决心要为失去的东西报仇,对于结束他们之间的世仇毫无兴趣。‖The bombing was in revenge for the assassination of their leader. 此次轰炸是对暗杀他们领袖的报复行动。
[近] avengement, payback, reprisal, requital, retaliation, retribution, vengeance
[反] forgiveness, pardon 饶恕,原谅
【考法2】vt. 为…复仇:to avenge(as oneself)usually by retaliating in kind or degree
[例] He finally revenged the death of his brother. 他终于为兄弟的死报了仇。
[近] avenge, redress, requite, retaliate
[反] absolve, condone, forgive, pardon 原谅,宽恕
symbol: [rɪ'venʤ]
zhuji: 【记】re反，venge（v 为…报仇）－反报仇－报复re反，ven问，ge：反问你为什么这样对我？－报仇
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position: (21, 9)

正面: revere
definition: 【考法】vt.(尤指对神的)尊崇,尊敬:to offer honor or respect to(someone)as a divine power
[例] He is revered for his valor. 他因为英勇而受到尊敬。‖In some cultures people revere their ancestors, even leaving food offerings for them. 在一些文化中,人们非常敬重先人,甚至将一些食物留下来供他们享用。
[近] adore, deify, glorify, esteem, regard, respect, venerate, worship
[反] blaspheme, desecrate, profane, violate 亵渎
[派] reverence n. 尊重;reverent adj. 恭敬的,虔诚的
symbol: [rɪ'vɪr]
zhuji: 【记】源于：Revere里维尔，保罗（1735-1818），他是美国革命英雄。在1775年4月18日，他做了一次骑马旅行以警告英军在马萨诸塞州的推进，该行动被朗非罗称颂于一首诗中，用他的名字来表示尊敬。
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position: (21, 9)

正面: revise
definition: 【考法】vt. 更改,修正:to look over again in order to correct or improve
[例] There are many problems involved in revising a dictionary. 修正字典会牵涉诸多问题。‖With the snow, we'll need to revise our travel plans. 下雪了,我们不得不更改旅游计划。
[近] amend, correct, emend, polish, redraft, refine, rework, upgrade
[反] discard 丢弃,抛弃
[派] revision n. 修改
symbol: [rɪ'vaɪz]
zhuji: 【记】re反复，vis看，e：反复看－修改
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [again] + vis [see] + -e [v.], see again (to improve) → vt. 更改,修正
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position: (21, 9)

正面: revive
definition: 【考法1】vi. 恢复意识:to return to consciousness or life; to become flourishing again
[例] His father successfully revived him with artificial respiration. 他的父亲用人工呼吸使他成功恢复意识。
[近] come around
[反] faint, black out 昏迷,失去知觉
【考法2】vi. 再获新生:to become active or flourishing again
[例] Around midnight, I usually need to revive myself with a cup of strong coffee. 在午夜时分,我需要一杯浓咖啡来提神。‖The success of the movie has revived her career. 这部电影的成功让她的事业焕发第二春。
[近] reanimate, recharge, refresh, rejuvenate, rekindle, renew, resurrect, resuscitate, revitalize, revivify
[反] degenerate, deteriorate, worsen 衰退,恶化
[派] revival n. 复苏
symbol: [rɪ'vaɪv]
zhuji: 【记】源于：revitalize（v 使获得新生）；vital（adj 生死攸关的；生命的）re再，vive＝live：再次活过来－苏醒
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position: (21, 9)

正面: revoke
definition: 【考法】vt. 撤回,宣告无效:to annul by recalling or taking back
[例] revoke a will 废除遗嘱
[近] abolish, abrogate, annul, cancel, invalidate, negate, null, nullify, recall, repeal, void
[反] establish, enact 建立;continue, keep 维持,保持
[派] revocation n. 撤销,废除
symbol: [rɪ'voʊk]
zhuji: 【记】re反，voke喊一反喊一取消；废除
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back] + voke [call], call (licence, will (遗嘱) , ect.) back → vt. 撤回,宣告无效
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position: (21, 9)

正面: revolt
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使厌恶,使反感:to fill with disgust or abhorrence
[例] The smell of seafood revolts him. 他对海鲜的腥味十分反感。
[近] disgust, nauseate, repel, repulse, sicken
[反] allure, attract, bewitch, captivate, charm, enchant, entice, fascinate, lure, seduce, tempt 吸引,诱惑
【考法2】vi. 反叛:to renounce allegiance or subjection(as to a government)
[例] The revolted against the dictator by burning his palace. 他们通过焚烧宫殿来对抗独裁者。
[近] defy, insurrect, mutiny, oppose, rebel, resist
[反] obey, submit 遵从,服从
[派] revolter n. 反叛者
symbol: [rɪ'voʊt]
zhuji: 【记】re反，volt转一反转一叛乱
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back] + volt [volv, roll], roll back, (使) 扭头回去 → vt. 使厌恶,使反感;参考revolution[革命] → vi. 反叛
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position: (21, 9)

正面: ribald
definition: 【考法】adj.(举止、言语)下流粗俗的:characterized by or indulging in vulgar, lewd humor
[例] entertain the guests with ribald jokes 用荤段子来取悦客人
[近] bawdy, blue, coarse, crude, dirty, filthy, gross, indecent, nasty, obscene, pornographic, profane, vulgar
[反] decent, proper, seemly 恰当的,得体的
symbol: ['raɪbɔ:ld]
zhuji: 【记】rib肋骨，bald秃的－肋骨露出来－下流的
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position: (21, 9)

正面: rickety
definition: 【考法】adj. 不稳的:lacking stability or firmness
[例] The rickety coalition may break at any moment. 脆弱的联盟随时都可能破裂。
[近] insecure, precarious, shaky, unsound, unsteady, weak
[反] firm, sound, stable, sturdy 稳定的,稳固的
symbol: ['rɪkəti]
zhuji: 【记】ric＝mic麦克风，kety＝kitty猫：小kitty拿着大mic－摇摇欲坠的
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position: (21, 10)

正面: rider
definition: 【考法1】n. 骑马的人:one that rides
[近] horseman, knight
[反] pedestrian, walker 行人,步行者
【考法2】n.(议案的)附加条款:a clause appended to a legislative bill to secure a usually distinct object
[近] addendum, appendix, attachment, supplement
symbol: ['raɪdər]
zhuji: 【记】ride骑，r：骑在法案上的东西－附加条款
zhuji3000: 【记】 one [- (e) r] who rides → n. 骑马的人;“骑”在、钉在原来的议案上面的新条款 → n. (议案的) 附加条款
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position: (21, 10)

正面: ridicule
definition: 【考法】vt. 嘲笑:to make fun of
[例] They always ridiculed everything she said. 他们总是嘲笑她说的话。‖The term“big bang theory”was originally coined to ridicule the belief that the universe was created by a giant explosion.“大爆炸理论”起初是为了嘲笑一种观点而创造的,这种观点认为宇宙源自一场巨大的爆炸。
[近] deride, gibe, jape, jeer, lout, mock, taunt
[反] commend, praise 表扬
[派] ridiculous adj. 荒谬的
symbol: ['rɪdɪkju:l]
zhuji: 【记】rid＝red，icule：说的话使别人脸红－嘲笑，奚落
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position: (21, 10)

正面: rife
definition: 【考法】adj. 丰富的,普遍的:possessing or covered with great numbers or amounts of something specified
[例] a video game rife with violence and abuse 充满暴力与虐待的电子游戏
[近] abounding, abundant, awash, flush, fraught, lousy, replete, swarming, teeming, thick, thronging
[反] deficient, incomplete, insufficient, short 缺乏的
symbol: [raɪf]
zhuji: 【记】life是rife的
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position: (21, 10)

正面: rift
definition: 【考法1】n. 分裂,不和:a break in friendly relations
[例] a rift between two once allied nations 两个往昔盟国的决裂
[近] crack, fissure, fracture, schism
[反] reconciliation, rapprochement 调和
【考法2】vt. 使开裂:to cause to split open or break
[例] Hills were rifted by the earthquake. 地震使得山崩地裂。
[近] cleave, divide, rip, split, sunder, tear
[反] associate, coalesce, combine, conjugate, join, link 接合
symbol: [rɪft]
zhuji: 【记】两个人拿着rifle对打，因为他们之间有rift
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position: (21, 10)

正面: rile
definition: 【考法】vt. 刺激,惹怒:to make agitated and angry
[例] The new work schedules riled the employees. 新的工作时间表激怒了员工。
[近] aggravate, annoy, enrage, exasperate, grate, inflame, infuriate, irritate, nettle, peeve, pique, provoke, roil
[反] allay, alleviate, assuage, ease, mitigate, mollify, palliate, relieve, soothe 平息,缓和
symbol: [raɪl]
zhuji: 【记】ri日，le乐：军训的时候太阳还乐－激怒（你）
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position: (21, 10)

正面: ripen
definition: 【考法】v. 使成熟,变成熟:to make or become ripe or riper
[例] Age ripens a good wine. 时间酿出好酒。
[近] age, develop, grow, mature
[反] fade, flag, shrivel, wane, wilt, wither 使枯萎
[派] ripened adj.(酒、果实等)成熟的
symbol: ['raɪpən]
zhuji: 【记】源于：ripe（adj 熟的；成熟的）
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position: (21, 10)

正面: riot
definition: 【考法】n. 喧闹,暴乱:public violence, tumult, or disorder
[例] Special police units equipped with riot shields quickly arrived at the airport. 装备有防暴盾牌的特警们迅速抵达了飞机场。
[近] clamor, commotion, disorder, ferment, tumult, turmoil, upheaval, uproar
[反] serenity, tranquility 宁静;order 秩序
symbol: ['raɪət]
zhuji: 【记】ri，o殴（打），t他：殴打他－暴动源于：roar（v / n 吼叫）
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position: (21, 10)

正面: rite
definition: 【考法】n. 惯例,仪式:a prescribed form or manner governing the words or actions for a ceremony
[例] the marriage rites 婚礼仪式的章程
[近] ceremony, form, observance, protocol, ritual, solemnity
[派] ritual n. 仪式
symbol: [raɪt]
zhuji: 【记】教徒总是认为rite是right的。
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position: (21, 10)

正面: rive
definition: 【考法】v. 撕开:to wrench open or tear apart or to pieces
[例] Lightning rived the tree. 闪电把树劈裂了。
[近] cleave, lacerate, render, ribbon, rip, rupture, shred, split, tatter, tear
[反] associate, coalesce, combine, conjoin, conjugate, connect, fuse, interfuse, join, link, unify 联合
[派] riven adj. 被撕开的
Jovons saw the kettle boil and cried out with the delighted voice of a child; Marshal too had seen the kettle boil and sat down silently to build an engine.
杰文斯看见壶开了,高兴得像孩子似地叫了起来;马歇尔也看见壶开了,却悄悄地坐下来造了一部蒸气机。
——英国经济学家 凯恩斯(John Maynard Keynes, British economist)
symbol: [raɪv]
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position: (21, 10)

正面: riveting
definition: 【考法】adj. 吸引人的,极迷人的:wholly absorbing or engrossing one's attention
[例] The riveting novel has, as previously expected, become a national best-seller. 正如先前所预料的,这本引人入胜的小说成为了畅销书。
[近] absorbing, arresting, engaging, engrossing, enthralling, fascinating, immersing, intriguing, involving
[反] insipid, vapid 索然无味的;boring, dull, monotonous, tedious 单调的
symbol: ['rɪvɪtɪŋ]
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position: (22, 1)

正面: rivulet
definition: 【考法】n. 小河,小溪:a small stream
[例] Dream Rivulet Diary《梦溪笔谈》
[近] brook, brooklet, creek, streamlet
symbol: ['rɪvjələt]
zhuji: 【记】rivu＝river河，let小－小河
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position: (22, 1)

正面: robust
definition: 【考法】adj. 精力充沛的;强壮的,健康的:full of health and strength
[例] a robust older man who still bicycles 10 miles a day 一个每天骑行10英里的充满活力的老人
[近] bouncing, dynamic, energetic, gingerly, hale, potent, strong, sound, vigorous, vital, wholesome
[反] delicate, frail, weak 弱不禁风的;ailing, diseased, ill, sick, unfit, unhealthy, unsound 不健康的
[派] robustness n. 健壮,活力四射
symbol: [roʊ'bʌst]
zhuji: 【记】喝了robust（乐百氏）就会robustro肉，bus，t他：他吃了一车的肉－健壮的
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position: (22, 1)

正面: roil
definition: 【考法1】vt. 搅浑,使混乱:to stir up; disorder
[例] He roiled the brook with his wood stick. 他用他的木棍将溪水搅浑。‖Financial markets have been roiled by the banking crisis. 银行业的危机搅乱了金融市场的秩序。
[近] disarray, disorder, disrupt, disturb, mess, muddle, rile
[反] arrange, array, order, organize, regulate 整理,使有序
【考法2】vt. 激怒:to displease or disturb
[例] Some of his roommate's habits began to roil him. 他室友的某些习惯开始让他恼火。
[近] aggravate, enrage, exasperate, incense, inflame, infuriate, irritate, provoke, rile, vex
[反] delight, gratify, please 使愉快
symbol: [rɔɪl]
zhuji: 【记】读：肉油。肉就够腻的了，还往里面加油给你吃－激怒
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position: (22, 1)

正面: roisterer
definition: 【考法】n. 喝酒喧闹的人:one who engages in merrymaking especially in honor of a special occasion
[例] the rowdy roisterers who fill the streets of New Orleans during Mardi Gras 四旬斋前最后一天遍布新奥尔良各条街道的喧闹人群
[近] celebrator, merrymaker, partyer(also partier), partygoer, reveler
[反] killjoy 扫兴的人
symbol: ['rɔɪstər]
zhuji: 【记】ro肉，ist人，er人，er人：所有人都把肉露出来－喝酒喧哗者
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position: (22, 1)

正面: rookie
definition: 【考法】n. 新兵;新手;菜鸟:recruit; novice
[例] The rookie replaced the injured regular at first base. 这个新手代替了受伤的一垒手。
[近] apprentice, fledgling, freshman, greenhorn, neophyte, novice, recruit, tyro
[反] veteran 老兵
symbol: ['rʊki]
zhuji: 【记】roo肉，kie：做什么事情都特别肉（慢）－新手
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position: (22, 1)

正面: roster
definition: 【考法】n. 值勤表,花名册:a roll or list of personnel
[例] the roster of subscribers to the journal 杂志订阅者名册
[近] catalog, checklist, list, menu, roll, schedule
symbol: ['rɔ:stər]
zhuji: 【记】roster原指烤肉的架子，因为烤架与被平行线分成表格的纸张有相似之处，所以引申为花名册。
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position: (22, 1)

正面: rostrum
definition: 【考法】n. 讲坛,演讲坛:a stage for public speaking
[例] He finally stood on the winner's rostrum. 他终于站在了胜利者的领奖台上。
[近] dais, lectern, podium, stage, stand, tribune
symbol: ['rɔ:strəm]
zhuji: 【记】在rostrum上，用roster来roll call。
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position: (22, 1)

正面: rouse
definition: 【考法1】vt. 激起,煽动:to stir up
[例] He was roused to fury. 他大为光火。
[近] agitate, excite, motivate, provoke, stimulate
[反] allay, alleviate, assuage, ease, mitigate, mollify, palliate, relieve, soothe 平息,缓和
【考法2】vt. 唤醒:to cause to stop sleeping
[例] The piercing siren roused her from a deep sleep. 刺耳的警笛声将她从沉睡中唤醒。
[近] arouse, awake, awaken, waken
[反] lull 使睡着
symbol: [raʊz]
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position: (22, 1)

正面: royalty
definition: 【考法1】n. 皇家身份:regal character or bearing
[近] aristocracy, nobility
【考法2】n. 版税;专利权税:a payment to an author or composer for each copy of a work sold or to an inventor for each item sold under a patent
[例] charge KTV owners royalty fee 向KTV索取版权费
symbol: ['rɔɪəlti]
zhuji: 【记】读：肉油ty。又有肉，又有油水－版税
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position: (22, 1)

正面: rubicund
definition: 【考法】adj. 红润的,健康的:inclined to a healthy rosiness
[例] A rubicund complexion indicates good health. 红润的气色意味着身体健康。
[近] blooming, florid, flush, rosy, ruddy, sanguine
[反] ashen, pale, pallid, wan 苍白的,虚弱的
symbol: ['ru:bɪkənd]
zhuji: 【记】rub＝red，icund＝bound边界－离红色不远－脸色红润的
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position: (22, 2)

正面: rudimentary
definition: 【考法1】adj. 初始的,未发展的:being in the earliest stages of development
[例] The equipment of these past empire-builders was rudimentary. 过去这些帝国的建造者们使用的都是极其原始的工具。
[近] incipient, nascent, primitive, primordial
[反] developed, full-blown, mature, ripe 成熟的,发展完全的
【考法2】adj. 最根本的,基础的:consisting in first principles: fundamental
[例] The dropout had only a rudimentary knowledge of science. 这个辍学的孩子对科学知识只有最基本的一些了解。
[近] basic, elemental, essential, fundamental, rudimental, underlying
[反] advanced, higher 进阶的,高级的
symbol: [ˌru:dɪ'mentri]
zhuji: 【记】rudi＝rude（adj 粗鲁的）－还处于粗鲁状态－初步的
zhuji3000: 【联】 rude [a. 粗鲁的;原始的] → a. 初始的,未发展的;最根本的,基础的
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position: (22, 2)

正面: rue
definition: 【考法】n. 后悔,遗憾:the feeling of regret, remorse, or sorrow for
[例] With rue my heart is laden. 我的内心充满了遗憾。
[近] contriteness, contrition, penitence, regret, remorse, remorsefulness, repentance
[反] impenitence, remorselessness 不知悔改
[派] rueful adj. 后悔的
symbol: [ru:]
zhuji: 【记】读：鲁伊（科斯塔），他在佛罗伦萨效力多年没有冠军－后悔。
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position: (22, 2)

正面: ruffle
definition: 【考法1】n. 皱褶,褶裥花边:a strip of fabric gathered or pleated on one edge
[近] rumple, wrinkle
[派] ruffled adj. 有褶裥边修饰的
【考法2】vt. 使粗糙:to destroy the smoothness or evenness of
[例] The acid ruffled the surface of the catalyst. 酸使得催化剂的表面变得粗糙。
[近] abrade, chafe, erode, roughen, rub, wear
[反] glaze, smooth 使平滑
【考法3】vt. 扰乱,打扰:to disturb the peace of mind of(someone)especially by repeated disagreeable acts
[例] The stream of minor complaints finally ruffled him into snapping,“If you don't like the way I'm doing it, do it yourself!”一系列斤斤计较的抱怨终于让他爆发:“如果你不喜欢我做事的方法,你就自己去做!”
[近] annoy, bother, chafe, frost, gall, grate, itch, nettle, peeve, persecute, pique, rasp, rile, vex
[反] allay, alleviate, assuage, ease, mitigate, mollify, palliate, relieve, soothe 平息,缓和
symbol: ['rʌfl]
zhuji: 【记】ruff＝rufang，le乐了：皮肤就会起皱
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position: (22, 2)

正面: ruminate
definition: 【考法】v. 沉思:to go over in the mind repeatedly and often casually or slowly
[例] ruminate the reason of past failures 沉思以往失败的原因
[近] cogitate, contemplate, deliberate, meditate, perpend, ponder, weigh
[反] ignore, neglect, overlook 忽视
[派] ruminative adj. 沉思的
symbol: ['ru:mɪneɪt]
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position: (22, 2)

正面: rumple
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使皱,弄皱:to wrinkle or form into folds or creases
[例] The guest rumpled the antique bedspread by sitting on it. 客人坐在古董床单上把它弄皱了。
[近] crinkle, crumple, ruffle, scrunch, wrinkle
[反] flatten, smooth 使表面平整;preen 整理羽毛,打扮
【考法2】vt. 打乱,使不整齐:to undo the proper order or arrangement of
[例] The aunt would invariably rumple the little boy's hair whenever she came to visit. 不论小男孩的姨妈何时来拜访,她总要弄乱他的头发。
[近] disarray, disorder, disorganize, disrupt, disturb, mess, muddle, upset
[反] arrange, array, order, organize, regulate 整理,使有序
[派] rumpled adj. 褶皱的
symbol: ['rʌmpl]
zhuji: 【记】源于：ruffle（v 弄皱；n 皱边）
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position: (22, 2)

正面: run
definition: 【考法】n.(不间断的)连续演出:an unbroken course of performances or showings
[例] The play had a long run. 此剧一口气演了很长时间。
[近] continuance, duration, persistence
symbol: [rʌn]
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position: (22, 2)

正面: runic
definition: 【考法】adj. 神秘的:having some secret or mysterious meaning
[例] painstaking efforts to decipher the runic inscriptions 为破解神秘的碑文付出的辛勤劳动
[近] arcane, enigmatic, impenetrable, inscrutable, mysterious, mystic, occult, uncanny
[反] comprehensible, fathomable 可理解的
symbol: ['ru:nik]
zhuji: 【记】Runic鲁尼克文字，北欧的古代文字，被认为具有魔力－神秘的
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position: (22, 2)

正面: rupture
definition: 【考法】v. 打破;打碎,破裂:to part by violence
[例] Jealousy ruptured our friendly relationship. 嫉妒破坏了我们之间的友谊。
[近] breach, burst, disjoin, dissect, fracture, separate, split, sunder, tear
[反] associate, coalesce, combine, conjoin, conjugate, connect, fuse, interfuse, join, link, unify 联合
symbol: ['rʌpt∫ər]
zhuji: 【记】rupt断
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position: (22, 2)

正面: ruse
definition: 【考法】n. 诡计:a wily subterfuge
[例] This is a ruse to divide them. 这是一招反间计。
[近] artifice, maneuver, stratagem, trick, wile
symbol: [ru:z]
zhuji: 【记】ru入，se色：只有用诡计才能使你进入色情的状态。"
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position: (22, 2)

正面: rustic
definition: 【考法1】n. 乡下人,头脑简单的人:an awkward or simple person especially from a small town or the country
[例] a rustic who was awed by the prices that city dwellers had to pay 一个被大城市房价所吓到的乡下人
[近] bumpkin, churl, countryman, provincial, rube, yokel
[反] cosmopolitan, cosmopolite, sophisticate 见多识广的人
【考法2】adj. 乡村的:of, relating to, associated with, or typical of open areas with few buildings or people
[例] We went to a rustic area that is devoid of skyscrapers and shopping malls. 我们去了一个没有摩天大楼和购物中心的乡村原野。
[近] bucolic, country, pastoral
[反] urban 都市的
【考法3】adj. 粗俗的:lacking in social graces or polish
[近] clumsy, discourteous, gauche, impertinent, impolite, inelegant, rude, stiff
[反] graceful, polished, urbane 文雅的
[派] rustically adv. 粗俗地
symbol: ['rʌstɪk]
zhuji: 【记】rust（n 锈），ic－乡村的人象生了锈一样迟钝和缺少优雅
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position: (22, 3)

正面: rustle
definition: 【考法】vi. 快速地行动:to move or act energetically or with speed; to proceed or move quickly
[例] The little boy rustled around enthusiastically on the first morning of the trip. 旅行的第一个早晨,小男孩充满热情地跑来跑去。
[近] bolt, breeze, careen, career, hasten, hustle, jump, run, rush, scurry
[反] crawl, creep 匍匐前行;poke 缓慢行动
symbol: ['rʌsl]
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position: (22, 3)

正面: sabotage
definition: 【考法1】n. 妨害,破坏:treacherous action to defeat or hinder a cause or an endeavor; deliberate subversion
[例] sabotage of the project by government officials 被政府官员阻止的项目
[近] damage, impairment, subversion, undermining
[反] assistance 支援
【考法2】vt. 从事破坏活动,阻止:to practice sabotage on
[例] He sabotaged his opponent's campaign with rumors. 他用谣言来破坏对手的竞选活动。‖My ex-wife deliberately sabotages my access to the children. 我的前妻故意阻止我和我的孩子们见面。
[近] disrupt, foil, frustrate, obstruct, undermine
[反] assist, support 支持;advance, cultivate, forward, foster, further, nurture, promote 促进
symbol: ['sæbətɑ:ʒ]
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position: (22, 3)

正面: saccharine
definition: 【考法1】adj. 像糖一样的,有甜味的:of, relating to, or resembling that of sugar
[例] a powdery substance with a saccharine taste 有甜味的粉状物质
[近] cloying, sugary
[反] bitter 苦涩的
【考法2】adj. 做作的,矫情的:appealing to the emotions in an obvious and tiresome way
[例] The movie was funny, but it had a saccharine ending in which everyone lives happily ever after. 电影还是很有意思的,但是结局太做作了——所有人从此都幸福地生活在了一起。
[近] fruity, maudlin, mawkish, mushy, sentimental, sugarcoated
[反] unsentimental 不动感情的
symbol: ['sækərɪn]
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position: (22, 3)

正面: sacrilege
definition: 【考法】n. 亵渎圣物:desecration, profanation, misuse, or theft of something sacred
[例] To play Mozart's music on a kazoo is sacrilege. 用小木笛演奏莫扎特的音乐是对它的一种亵渎。
[近] blasphemy, defilement, desecration, irreverence, impiety, profanation, violation
[反] adoration, glorification, respect, reverence 爱慕,尊敬
[派] sacrilegious adj. 不敬的,亵渎神明的
symbol: ['sækrəlɪʤ]
zhuji: 【记】sacri牺牲，leg，e：供奉的时候只是牺牲了一个鸡腿－亵渎圣物
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position: (22, 3)

正面: saddle
definition: 【考法】vt. 使某人负担:to load or burden
[例] He has saddled himself with a houseful of impecunious relatives. 一屋子的穷亲戚成了他的负担。
[近] burden, encumber, freight, lade, lumber, impose, inflict, tax, weight
[反] disburden, discharge, disencumber, unburden, unlade, unload 卸下
symbol: ['sædl]
zhuji: 【记】sad＝sit（v 坐），dle：坐的地方－马鞍，引申为“承受”"
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position: (22, 3)

正面: safeguard
definition: 【考法1】n. 保护措施:a technical contrivance to prevent accident
[例] legal safeguards against fraud 防止欺诈的法律措施
[近] aegis, caution, defense, fail-safe, guard, palladium, precaution, preventive, security
【考法2】vt. 保护:to make safe; protect
[例] Sheepdogs safeguard the flock from attacks by wolves. 保护羊群免受狼群攻击的牧羊犬。
[近] bulwark, cover, defend, fence, fend, guard, keep, protect, screen, secure, shield, ward
[反] assail, assault, attack 攻击
symbol: ['seɪfgɑ:rd]
zhuji: 【记】safe安全，guard保卫safeguard是P&G的舒肤佳香皂商标－保护皮肤
zhuji3000: 【根】 safe [安全] + guard [守卫], 安全守卫 → n. 保护措施 v. 保护
[注] 商标“舒肤佳”来自safeguard音译
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position: (22, 3)

正面: sage
definition: 【考法】n. 智者:one(as a profound philosopher)distinguished for wisdom
[例] The young prince made a pilgrimage to the sage, hoping to learn the meaning of life. 年轻的王子走上了向智者取经的道路,希望能领悟到生命的真谛。
[近] expert, illuminati, master, mentor, savant, scholar
[反] dolt, fool, idiot, simpleton 傻子
[派] sagacious adj. 睿智的;sagacity n. 聪慧
symbol: [seɪʤ]
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position: (22, 3)

正面: salient
definition: 【考法】adj. 显著的,最突出的:standing out conspicuously
[例] The most salient feature of the book is its papyrus cover. 该书最明显的特点就是纸莎草纸的封面。
[近] conspicuous, noticeable, outstanding, prominent, remarkable, striking
[反] inconspicuous, unnoticeable 不明显的
[派] salience n. 突出;特点
symbol: ['seɪliənt]
zhuji: 【记】Sali三立，ent：马三立说的是单口相声－显著突出的silent（adj 沉默的）人不会salient
zhuji3000: 【根】 sal [sul, leap] + i + -ent [a.], 跳 → 高,突出 → a.显著的,突出的
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position: (22, 3)

正面: salubrious
definition: 【考法】adj. 有益健康的:favorable to or promoting health or well-being
[例] Every year I go to Kunming to enjoy its cool and salubrious climate. 每年我都会去昆明享受它那凉爽宜人的气候。
[近] good, healthy, restorative, salutary, tonic, wholesome
[反] debilitating, deleterious, noxious, virulent 有害的,有毒的
symbol: [sə'lu:briəs]
zhuji: 【记】sa三，lu鹿（茸），bri＝bring，ous－带来三个鹿茸－有益健康的
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position: (22, 3)

正面: salutary
definition: 【考法1】adj. 有益健康的:beneficial, promoting health
[例] salutary exercise 有益健康的锻炼
[近] good, healthy, restorative, salubrious, tonic, wholesome
[反] debilitating, deleterious, noxious, virulent 有害的,有毒的
【考法2】adj. 有利的,利好的:promoting or contributing to personal or social well-being
[例] The low interest rates should have a salutary effect on business. 低利率对于商业而言应该是有利的。a salutary warning 善意的警告
[近] advantageous, benefic, beneficent, benignant, favorable, friendly, helpful, kindly, profitable
[反] bad, disadvantageous, unfavorable, unfriendly, unhelpful, unprofitable 不利的
symbol: ['sæljəteri]
zhuji: 【记】sa三，lu鹿（茸），tary－有益健康的
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position: (22, 4)

正面: salutation
definition: 【考法1】n. 致敬,打招呼(表示欢迎和礼貌):a polite expression of greeting or goodwill
[例] The veteran stepped forward, raising his hand in salutation. 老兵向前一步,举起手致敬。
[近] greeting, regards, salute
[反] farewell, bon voyage(离别时的)再见,一路顺风
[派] salute v. 敬礼,致敬
【考法2】n. 赞扬:a formal expression of praise
[例] The speaker introduced the evening's honored guest with a lavish salutation. 主持人用大量赞扬的话介绍了今晚的嘉宾。
[近] accolade, citation, commendation, eulogium, eulogy, homage, hymn, paean, panegyric, tribute
symbol: [ˌsælju'teɪ∫n]
zhuji: 【记】源于：salute（n 举手礼；敬礼；v 敬礼）
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position: (22, 4)

正面: salvage
definition: 【考法】vt.(从灾难中)抢救:to save from loss or destruction
[例] salvage the torpedoed vessel 拯救被鱼雷击中的舰艇
[近] rescue, retrieve, save
[反] abandon, desert, forsake 放弃,抛弃
[派] salvageable adj. 可以挽回的
symbol: ['sælvɪʤ]
zhuji: 【记】salv＝save，age－抢救
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position: (22, 4)

正面: salve
definition: 【考法】v. 减轻,缓解:quiet, assuage
[例] The company give him a raise in salary to salve his feelings. 公司决定给他加薪以安抚他的情绪。
[近] allay, balm, becalm, compose, lull, lullaby, quiet, settle, soothe, still, tranquilize
[反] agitate, discompose, disquiet, disturb, perturb, upset, vex 打扰,扰乱
symbol: [sælv]
zhuji: 【记】salv＝save，e－解救的东西－安慰物
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position: (22, 4)

正面: sanctify
definition: 【考法】vt. 使神圣,将…敬为神:to make holy
[例] The Constitution sanctified the rights of the people. 宪法认为人权是至高无上的。
[近] consecrate, hallow
[反] desecrate, profane 亵渎
[派] sanctification n. 敬为神明
symbol: ['sæŋktɪfaɪ]
zhuji: 【记】sanct神圣，ify：神圣化
zhuji3000: 【根】 sanct [sacred] + -ify [v., make], make...sacred → v. 使神圣,将…敬为神
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position: (22, 4)

正面: sanctimonious
definition: 【考法】adj. 假装虔诚的:hypocritically pious or devout
[例] a sickening sanctimonious smile 令人厌恶的伪善的笑容
[近] canting, deceiving, hypocritical
[反] devout, religious, pious 虔诚的
symbol: [ˌsæŋktɪ'moʊniəs]
zhuji: 【记】sancti神圣，mon警告，ious：因为你是假神圣，所以要警告你。
zhuji3000: 【根】 sanct [holy] + - (i) mon (y) + - (i) ous [a.], (看起来) “某人对…神圣, 虔诚” → a. 假装虔诚的
【联】 后缀-mony可联想成“money” [金钱],有些人之所以摆出 (对神) 虔诚的姿态,是因为“有利可图”
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position: (22, 4)

正面: sanction
definition: 【考法1】vt. 批准,同意,认可:to make valid or binding usually by a formal procedure(as ratification)
[例] The President sanctioned covert operations. 总统批准了秘密行动。‖The administration will sanction almost any field trip with educational value. 基本上任何有教育意义的实地考察都可以得到批准。
[近] accredit, approbate, authorize, certify, confirm, finalize, formalize, license, ratify, warrant
[反] interdict, prohibit, proscribe 禁止;decline, deny, disallow, disapprove, negative, reject, veto 否决
【考法2】n. 制裁:an economic or military coercive measure adopted usually by several nations in concert for forcing a nation violating international law to desist or yield to adjudication
[例] Another trade sanction is in effect. 又一项贸易制裁生效了。
[近] penalty, punishment
symbol: ['sæŋk∫n]
zhuji: 【记】读：三颗（人）参，想得到官方的批准，需要贿赂三颗人参。
zhuji3000: 【根】 sanct [holy, 神] + -ion [v.&n.], 神给人下达的旨意 → v. 批准,同意,许可n. 制裁
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position: (22, 4)

正面: sanctuary
definition: 【考法】n. 避难所:a place of refuge and protection
[例] In earlier times a criminal could use a church as a sanctuary. 在以前,犯罪分子可以将教堂当作避难所。
[近] asylum, cover, harbor, haven, port, refuge, shelter
symbol: ['sæŋkt∫ueri]
zhuji: 【记】sanct神圣，u，ary表示地点－圣堂；避难所
zhuji3000: 【根】 sanct [holy] + - (u) ary [n.], 神在的地方 (神给予受难者庇护) → n. 避难所
[注] 后缀-ary表示“地点,场所”,例如library [图书馆] 指“有书的地方”
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position: (22, 4)

正面: sand
definition: 【考法】vt. 磨光:to make smooth by friction
[例] Be sure to sand before you paint the shelf. 在上漆之前一定要先磨光。
[近] buff, file, hone, rasp, rub
symbol: [sænd]
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position: (22, 4)

正面: sanguine
definition: 【考法1】adj. 乐观的,确信的:having or showing a mind free from doubt
[例] I'm reasonably sanguine about the adoption of the latest proposal. 我非常看好最新的那项提议获得通过。
[近] assured, confident, doubtless, implicit, positive
[反] doubtful, dubious, uncertain, unsure 怀疑的,不确信的
【考法2】adj. 面色红润的:having a healthy reddish skin tone
[例] A baby with a sanguine complexion is more likely to leave the hospital early than a sickly-looking one. 面色红润的新生儿比病怏怏的能更早出院。
[近] blooming, florid, flush, glowing, rosy, rubicund
[反] ashy, doughy, livid, lurid, mealy, pale, pallid, pasty, peaky, sallow, wan 面色苍白的
symbol: ['sæŋgwɪn]
zhuji: 【记】sangui三桂，ne：吴三桂是个地方权贵，所以乐观的；脸色红润的
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position: (22, 4)

正面: sanitary
definition: 【考法】adj. 健康的,清洁的:of or relating to health
[例] sanitary measures 清洁措施
[近] aseptic, germfree, hygienic, sterile
[反] noxious 有毒的
symbol: ['sænəteri]
zhuji: 【记】读：撒你tary－撒你一身的尿，需要保持卫生的
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position: (22, 5)

正面: sap
definition: 【考法1】vt. 削弱:to weaken or exhaust the energy or vitality of
[例] Weeks of hard work had sapped him and left him exhausted. 连续几周辛苦工作让他筋疲力尽。
[近] debilitate, devitalize, enervate, enfeeble, etiolate, prostrate
[反] bolster, fortify, invigorate, beef up 增强,使有活力
【考法2】n. 健康,活力:active strength of body or mind
[例] a child full of sap and vivacity 活力满满的孩子
[近] dynamism, energy, esprit, get-up-and-go, gusto, verve, vim, vitality
[反] lethargy, listlessness, sluggishness, torpidity 无精打采
symbol: [sæp]
zhuji: 【记】sa三，p屁：使劲放了三个屁，精力耗尽。
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position: (22, 5)

正面: sapient
definition: 【考法】adj. 聪明的,有洞察力的:having or showing deep understanding and intelligent application of knowledge
[例] a man who is always good for valuable insights and some sapient advice 一个以见解深刻、建议明智著称的男人
[近] discerning, insightful, perceptive, prudent, sagacious, sage
[反] foolish, unperceptive, unwise 愚蠢的,不明智的
symbol: ['seɪpiənt]
zhuji: 【记】sa三，pi屁，ent＝end：放了三个屁是坏人end－有智慧的
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position: (22, 5)

正面: sarcasm
definition: 【考法】n. 讽刺,轻蔑:a sharp and often satirical or ironic utterance designed to cut or give pain
[例] a voice full of sarcasm 充满轻蔑的言论
[近] affront, barb, indignity, offense, slap, slight, slur
[反] praise 表扬
symbol: ['sɑ:rkæzəm]
zhuji: 【记】源于：sarcastic（adj 讽刺的）
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position: (22, 5)

正面: sartorial
definition: 【考法】adj. 裁缝匠的,裁缝的:of or relating to a tailor or tailored clothes
[例] poor sartorial taste 很烂的穿衣品位
symbol: [sɑ:r'tɔ:riəl]
zhuji: 【记】sartor＝tailor（n 裁缝），ial－裁缝的读：萨特rial。哲学家萨特过去的出身是裁缝。
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position: (22, 5)

正面: sate
definition: 【考法】vt. 使饱足,充分满足:to glut; to satisfy(an appetite)fully
[例] The information sated her curiosity. 这个消息充分满足了她的好奇心。
[近] cram, glut, stuff, surfeit, satiate
[反] starve 饿
symbol: [seɪt]
zhuji: 【记】读：赛特（日本在北京开的购物中心），逛完以后可以满足。
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position: (22, 5)

正面: satiate
definition: 【考法】vt./adj.(使)饱足(的),过分满足(的):to satisfy fully or to excess
[例] A long drink of water satiated my thirst. 一顿痛饮之后我的口渴得到了缓解。
[近] replete, sate, stuff, surfeit
[反] tantalize 挑逗,不去满足
symbol: ['seɪ∫ieɪt]
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position: (22, 5)

正面: satire
definition: 【考法】n. 讽刺诗,讽刺文学:a literary work holding up human vices and follies to ridicule or scorn
[例] a satire about the music industry in which a handsome but untalented youth is turned into a rock star 一部关于一个长得帅却没才华的年轻人如何被打造成一个摇滚巨星的讽刺文学作品
[近] lampoon, pasquinade
symbol: ['sætaɪər]
zhuji: 【记】sa三，tire轮胎：三个轮胎的汽车，用来讽刺汽车的质量。
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position: (22, 5)

正面: satirize
definition: 【考法】vt. 讽刺:to ridicule or attack by means of satire
[例] The movie satirizes contemporary life. 这部电影讽刺当下生活。
symbol: ['sætəraɪz]
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position: (22, 5)

正面: saturate
definition: 【考法】vt./adj. 使饱和,浸透:to wet thoroughly with liquid
[例] Saturate the sponge with water. 将海绵浸透。
[近] bathe, douse, drench, soak, souse, bedraggle
[反] wring out 拧出(水)来
symbol: ['sæt∫əreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】satur＝sate满足，ate－使水满足－浸透
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position: (22, 5)

正面: saturnine
definition: 【考法1】adj. 忧郁的,阴沉的:causing or marked by an atmosphere lacking in cheer
[例] The men awaiting interrogation by the police shared a saturnine silence. 等待警察审问的人们脸色阴沉,沉默不语。
[近] bleak, depressive, dismal, dreary, miserable, solemn
[反] jovial, bright, cheerful, comforting, cordial, festive, heartwarming, sunshiny 欢乐的
【考法2】adj. 讥讽的:having a sardonic aspect
[例] a saturnine smile 讥讽的笑容
[反] genial 友善的
symbol: ['sætərnaɪn]
zhuji: 【记】源于：Saturn（n 土星）它的代表是萨杜恩Saturn农神，农民的总是担心庄稼的生长－忧郁的。Satur＝sate满足，nine九：你有九个愿望需要满足，太多了满足不了－忧郁的
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position: (22, 6)

正面: saunter
definition: 【考法】vi. 闲逛,漫步:to travel by foot for exercise or pleasure
[例] saunter slowly down the street 在街上闲逛
[近] amble, ramble, range, stroll, wander, perambulate
symbol: ['sɔ:ntər]
zhuji: 【记】s＝see，aunt姑奶奶，er：看姑姑去－闲逛而去读：散ter－散步
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position: (22, 6)

正面: savant
definition: 【考法】n. 博学之士,学者:a person of learning
[例] a savant in the field of medical ethics 医学伦理方面的专家
[近] pundit, scholar
[反] unlearned person 没有学问的人
symbol: [sæ'vɑ:nt]
zhuji: 【记】sav＝sap智慧，ant－有智慧之人－专家sav＝save拯救，ant蚂蚁：能拯救蚂蚁的人－蚂蚁专家读：斯文的（学者）
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position: (22, 6)

正面: savory
definition: 【考法1】adj. 口感好的,味道好的:appetizing to the taste or smell
[例] Cedar is one of the most savory of all woods. 雪松是所有树木中味道最好闻的。
[近] ambrosial, appetizing, dainty, palatable, scrumptious
[反] noisome, fetid, foul, malodorous, putrid, rancid, reeking, smelly, stenchy, stinky 难闻的
【考法2】adj. 令人愉悦的:giving pleasure or contentment to the mind or senses
[例] Having to fire someone was not a task that the manager found at all savory. 经理发现不得不开除某人是件非常不讨好的事。
[近] agreeable, blessed, congenial, delectable, delicious, delightful, dulcet, enjoyable, felicitous, grateful, gratifying, heavenly, jolly, luscious, palatable, pleasurable, satisfying, tasty, welcome
[反] disagreeable, pleasureless, unpalatable, unpleasant, unwelcome 讨厌的,不受欢迎的
symbol: ['seɪvəri]
zhuji: 【记】源于：savor（n 滋味；食欲）
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position: (22, 6)

正面: savvy
definition: 【考法1】n. 老练,机智:knowledge gained by actually doing or living through something
[例] political savvy 政治上的老练精明
[近] chops, expertise, proficiency, know-how
[反] simplicity, tactlessness, inexperience 单纯,缺乏经验
【考法2】v. 明确了解:to have a clear idea of
[例] The man growled,“Don't ever date my daughter again—you savvy?”那男人咆哮道,“你丫以后不准再见我女儿,你的明白?”
[近] appreciate, apprehend, assimilate, behold, catch on, cognize, compass, conceive, decipher, decode, discern, grasp, perceive, recognize, register, seize, tumble to
[反] miss 不理解
【考法3】adj. 有见识的,精明能干的:having or showing a practical cleverness or judgment
[例] A particularly savvy investor, he was among the first to see the potential in tech stocks. 他是一个有卓识远见的投资者,是第一批看到科技类股票升值潜力的人。
[近] astute, canny, clear-eyed, clear-sighted, hard-boiled, hardheaded, heady, sharp, sharp-witted, smart
[反] unknowing 无知的
symbol: ['sævi]
zhuji: 【记】savv＝saw锯，y：发明锯子的鲁班－有才智的
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position: (22, 6)

正面: scads
definition: 【考法】n. 许多,大量:a large number or quantity
[例] scads of people showed up for the party 参加派对的人们蜂拥而至
[近] abundance, plenitude, profusion, slew, spate, wealth
[反] paucity 极小量
symbol: [skædz]
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position: (22, 6)

正面: scant
definition: 【考法】adj. 不足的,缺乏的:barely or scarcely sufficient
[例] Jobs for teenagers were scant that summer. 那年暑假适合青少年们做的工作很少。
[近] exiguous, niggardly, scarce, sparse, stingy
[反] considerable, copious, voluminous, profuse, myriad 大量的,相当多的
symbol: [skænt]
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position: (22, 6)

正面: scathing
definition: 【考法】adj. 尖酸刻薄的:marked by the use of wit that is intended to cause hurt feelings
[例] a scathing review of the book 尖刻的书评
[近] acerbic, acid, acrid, pungent, scalding, snarky, tart
[反] polite, calm compliment 礼貌的,平静的称赞
symbol: ['skeɪðɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】源于：scathe（v 烧伤；严厉指责）sca＝scar，the－烧伤的伤疤s死，cat猫，he：他的猫死了－烧伤而死sca读：死该＝该死，thing－做了该死的事情－苛刻严厉批评的
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position: (22, 6)

正面: schism
definition: 【考法】n. 不一致:a lack of agreement or harmony
[例] a schism between political parties 党派间的冲突
[近] conflict, discordance, disharmony, dissidence, dissonance, disunion, friction, strife
[反] accord, agreement, concord, harmony, peace 一致
symbol: ['skɪzəm]
zhuji: 【记】sch＝school，ism主义：学校主义就是在班里有很多小集团－分裂
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position: (22, 6)

正面: scintillate
definition: 【考法】vi. 闪耀:to emit sparks
[例] diamond ring scintillated in the sunlight 钻戒在阳光下闪闪发光
[近] gleam, glimmer, glisten, glister, luster, sparkle, winkle
[派] scintillating adj. 才华横溢的:brilliantly lively, stimulating, or witty
[例] a scintillating conversation 智慧火花四溅的交谈
[反] dull, foolly 迟钝的
symbol: ['sɪntɪleɪt]
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position: (22, 6)

正面: scion
definition: 【考法】n. 子孙:descendant, child
[例] scion of a railroad empire 铁路大王的后代
[反] ancestor 前辈
symbol: ['saɪən]
zhuji: 【记】sci切，on上边：把人的上面切点，人变矮了－子孙
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position: (22, 7)

正面: scission
definition: 【考法】n. 切断,分离,分裂:a division or split in a group or union: schism
[例] The scission of the labor union will compromise the workers' bargaining power. 工会内部的分裂会削弱工人讨价的力量。
[近] bifurcation, cleavage, dissolution, division, partition, schism, sundering
[反] unification, union 统一
symbol: ['sɪʒən]
zhuji: 【记】sci切，参：scissors（n 剪刀）
zhuji3000: 【根】 sciss [cut] + -ion [n.], cut (off) → n. 切断,分离,分裂
[注] scissors [剪刀] 就是“用来切割 [sciss] 的工具 [-or] ”。另外sciss还可以看做 (s) cis (s) , 即cut。
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position: (22, 7)

正面: scoff
definition: 【考法1】v. 嘲笑:to treat or address with derision: mock
[例] scoff at the idea 对这个提议不屑一顾
【考法2】v. 狼吞虎咽:to swallow or eat greedily
[例] He scoffed dinner before running off to the basketball game. 他风卷残云般把晚饭消灭了,就直奔向篮球场。
[近] cram, devour, glut, gorge, gormandize, gulp, ingurgitate, inhale, raven
symbol: [skɔ:f]
zhuji: 【记】读：死搞妇，死也要搞定一个妇女的人值得嘲笑。
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position: (22, 7)

正面: scorch
definition: 【考法】v. 炙烤,烘干:to burn on the surface; to make dry
[例] scorching sun 火辣辣的太阳
[近] dehydrate, desiccate, parch, sear, singe
[反] dampen, hydrate, wash, water, wet 使潮湿
symbol: [skɔ:rt∫]
zhuji: 【记】读：死羔吃，吃死的羊羔需要烤焦消毒。
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position: (22, 7)

正面: scorn
definition: 【考法】vt. 轻蔑,鄙视,不屑:reject or dismiss as contemptible or unworthy
[例] They were scorned as fanatics. 他们被指责为狂热分子。
[近] despise, disregard, flout, contemn, disdain, slight, look down(on or upon)
[反] adulate谄媚;venerate, honor, respect, revere 尊敬
symbol: [skɔ:rn]
zhuji: 【记】因为被scold（v 责骂），所以被scorn
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position: (22, 7)

正面: scotch
definition: 【考法】vt. 停止:to put an abrupt end to
[例] The prime minister scotched the rumors of her illness. 首相出面澄清了关于她生病的谣言。
[近] hinder, thwart
symbol: [skɑ:t∫]
zhuji: 【记】源于：Scotch（n 苏格兰人），曾经被英格兰镇压。
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position: (22, 7)

正面: scour
definition: 【考法1】vt. 用力擦洗:to clean, polish, or wash by scrubbing vigorously
【考法2】vt. 搜查:to look through(as a place)carefully or thoroughly in an effort to find or discover something
[例] The police scoured the city for the criminal. 警方全城搜索罪犯。
[近] comb, dig through, dredge, hunt through, rake, ransack, rifle, rummage, sort through, troll
symbol: ['skaʊər]
zhuji: 【记】地板没有scour，就会被scourge（v /n 鞭笞），然后失去courage
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position: (22, 7)

正面: scowl
definition: 【考法】vi. 皱眉(表现出不高兴):to contract the brow in an expression of displeasure
[例] scowl down at the misbehaving child 对淘气的孩子皱起眉
[近] frown, pout, glare, gloom, glower, lower
[反] beam, grin, smile 微笑(表示高兴)
symbol: [skaʊl]
zhuji: 【记】s死，cow母牛，l：母牛被l弄死了－皱眉头
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position: (22, 7)

正面: scrappy
definition: 【考法】adj. 好斗的,好吵架的:having an aggressive and determined spirit, quarrelsome
[例] She was a scrappy girl despite—or, perhaps, because of—her small size. 这个妹子好打斗,但是身材娇小,不过这很可能是原因。
[近] aggressive, assaultive, combative, militant, pugnacious, truculent
[反] nonaggressive, nonbelligerent, pacific, peaceful, unbelligerent, uncombative, timorous 胆小的,爱好和平的
symbol: ['skræpi]
zhuji: 【记】源于：scrap（n 小片；打架；v 扔掉；互相殴打）源于：scrape（n /v 刮擦）
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position: (22, 7)

正面: scrap
definition: 【考法1】n. 废料,废物:discarded or useless material
[例] The rest of this stuff is just scrap, so sweep it up and throw it away. 剩下的这堆东西都是没用的,把它们打扫一下就扔了吧。
[近] chaff, debris, dreck, dross, dust, effluvium, junk, litter, offal, offscouring, raffle, refuse, riffraff, rubbish, waste
【考法2】vt. 抛弃:to get rid of as useless or unwanted
[例] We've decided to scrap the first car. 我们决定丢弃第一辆车。
[近] ditch, dump, jettison, junk, toss, throw away
[反] retrieve 找回
【考法3】vt. 终止,放弃原计划:to put an end to(something planned or previously agreed to)
[例] We scrapped our plans to go to Paris, and set out the next day for Prague. 我们取消了去巴黎的计划,第二天启程奔赴布拉格。
[近] abandon, abort, drop, recall, repeal, rescind, revoke, call off, cry off
[反] continue, keep 继续,持续
symbol: [skræp]
zhuji: 【记】源于：crap（n 废物）
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position: (22, 7)

正面: scrawl
definition: 【考法】vt. 乱涂,潦草地写:to write or draw awkwardly, hastily, or carelessly
[例] He scrawled a quick note, stuck it in their mailbox, and hurried off. 他草草写了张便条,塞进他们的信箱然后匆匆跑了。
[近] scratch, squiggle, scribble
[反] write carefully 仔细地写
symbol: [skrɔ:l]
zhuji: 【记】s，crawl（v 爬行）－乱爬－乱写
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position: (22, 8)

正面: scribble
definition: 【考法】v. 潦草地书写,乱写:to cover with scribbles, doodles, or meaningless marks
[例] Students scribbled furiously as the teacher lectured. 老师一边讲,学生们一边狂抄笔记。
[近] scratch, scrawl, squiggle
symbol: ['skrɪbl]
zhuji: 【记】scribb＝scribe（v 写），le乐－一边写一边乐－乱写
zhuji3000: 【根】 scrib [write] + ble [v.], write (carelessly) → v. 潦草地书写,乱写
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position: (22, 8)

正面: scrupulous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 正直的:guided by or in accordance with one's sense of right and wrong; principled
[例] Less scrupulous companies find ways to evade the law. 道德程度略低的公司钻法律的空子。
[近] conscionable, ethical, honest, honorable, moral, principled
[反] cutthroat, dishonest, dishonorable, immoral, unconscionable, unethical, unjust, unprincipled 不道德的
【考法2】adj. 一丝不苟的:taking, showing, or involving great care and effort
[例] The task requires scrupulous attention to detail. 这项任务需要对细节一丝不苟。
[近] careful, conscientious, fussy, meticulous
symbol: ['skru:pjələs]
zhuji: 【记】源于：scruple（n /v 踌躇；有顾忌）"
zhuji3000: 【联】 顾及 (道德) → a. 正直的;顾及 (细节) → a. 一丝不苟的
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position: (22, 8)

正面: scrutable
definition: 【考法】adj. 可以理解的:capable of being understood through study and observation; comprehensible
[例] Her machinations and motives are all too scrutable to us who know her. 她的阴谋和动机对于了解她的我们来说简直昭然若揭。
[近] accessible, apprehensible, comprehensible, fathomable, legible
[反] mysterious, incoherent, incomprehensible, inscrutable, insensible 神秘而不可知的
symbol: ['skru:təbl]
zhuji3000: 【联】 四顾可 (看清) → a. 可以理解的
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position: (22, 8)

正面: scrutinize
definition: 【考法】vt. 仔细检查:to examine or observe with great care
[例] I closely scrutinized my opponent's every move. 我仔细注意着对手的每一个举动。
[近] examine, review, scan, survey, plumb, check(out)
[反] casually glance, gloss over 随意一瞥,敷衍处理
symbol: ['skru:tənaɪz]
zhuji: 【记】读：四个入体nize，有四个虫子进入体内，需要详细检查
zhuji3000: 【联】 scru [四顾] + tin (y) + -ize [v.], “四顾”细微之处 → vt. 仔细检查
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position: (22, 8)

正面: scuff
definition: 【考法1】v.(使)磨损:to become scratched, chipped, or roughened by wear
[例] a countertop that won't scuff 一块不易磨损的厨房台面
[近] abrade, graze, scratch
【考法2】v. 脚步拖沓:to move heavily or clumsily
[例] The miners scuffed past in heavy boots. 矿工们脚着厚重的靴子,步履蹒跚。
[近] barge, clomp, clump, flog, flounder, lump, plod, pound, shamble, slog, slough, stamp, stomp, stumble, stump, tramp, tromp, trudge
[反] breeze, coast, glide, slide, whisk 滑行
symbol: [skʌf]
zhuji: 【记】scu读：scar，ff读：肤－皮肤被scuff出scar。
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position: (22, 8)

正面: scurrilous
definition: 【考法】adj. 说粗话的:given to the use of vulgar, coarse, or abusive language
[例] scurrilous attacks on the senator 对参议院粗俗的攻击
[近] contumelious, invective, opprobrious, truculent, vitriolic, vituperative
symbol: ['skɜ:rələs]
zhuji: 【记】scur＝scar伤疤，ril，ous多－伤疤多是因为说话下流被打的。
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position: (22, 8)

正面: scurvy
definition: 【考法】adj. 下流的,让人鄙视的:mean; contemptible
[例] She was beset by a whole scurvy swarm of con artists. 她被一群下流的骗子艺术家蜂拥围攻。
[近] deplorable, despicable, grubby, lousy, scummy, wretched
[反] admirable, commendable, creditable, laudable, meritorious, praiseworthy 让人称赞的
symbol: ['skɜ:rvi]
zhuji: 【记】见到scurvy的人就scurry
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position: (22, 8)

正面: seamy
definition: 【考法】adj. 肮脏的,堕落的:sordid; base
[例] the seamy side of urban life 城市生活的肮脏面
[近] sordid, base
[反] decent and respectable 适当而值得尊敬的
symbol: ['si:mi]
zhuji: 【记】seam缝，y：露出线缝的－肮脏的，卑鄙的
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position: (22, 8)

正面: secluded
definition: 【考法】adj. 僻静的,隐蔽的:screened or hidden from view
[例] secluded monks 隐居的僧人
[近] cloistered, covert, isolated, remote, retired, sheltered
symbol: [sɪ'klu:dɪd]
zhuji: 【记】源于：seclude（v 隔离），se分，clude关闭－分开关闭－隔绝
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position: (22, 8)

正面: secrete
definition: 【考法1】vt. 隐藏:to conceal in a hiding place: cache
[例] The police found the weapon secreted under the driver's seat of the getaway car. 警方在逃逸车辆驾驶座下发现了隐藏的武器。
[近] bury, cache, conceal, ensconce
[反] divulge, display, exhibit 泄密,展示
【考法2】vt. 分泌:to generate and separate(a substance)from cells or bodily fluids
[反] absorb 吸收
symbol: [sɪ'kri:t]
zhuji: 【记】源于：secret（adj 秘密的），e－隐藏，记住还有“分泌”的意思
zhuji3000: 【联】 se- [away] + crete [联create], 参secret [n. 秘密] → v. 隐藏;create...away, 参excrete [排泄] → v.分泌
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position: (22, 9)

正面: sedate
definition: 【考法】adj. 淡定的,安静的:free from emotional or mental agitation
[例] She remained sedate under pressure. 她在压力下仍保持镇静。
[近] collected, composed, self-possessed, serene, tranquil, undisturbed, unperturbed, unruffled
[反] agitated, discomposed, disturbed, flustered, perturbed, upset 不淡定的,狂乱的
symbol: [sɪ'deɪt]
zhuji: 【记】sed坐，ate－坐下来的－安静的
zhuji3000: 【根】 sed [sit] + -ate [a.], 坐着的 → a. 淡定的,安静的
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position: (22, 9)

正面: sedentary
definition: 【考法】adj. 固定不动的:not migratory: settled
[例] a sedentary lifestyle 很宅的生活方式
[反] migratory, peripatetic 流动的,巡游的
symbol: ['sednteri]
zhuji: 【记】sed坐，entary－久坐的
zhuji3000: 【根】 sed [sit] + -ent + -ary [a.], (始终) 坐着的 → a. 固定不动的
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position: (22, 9)

正面: seduce
definition: 【考法】vt. 劝说(使不忠,使不服从),诱…误入歧途:to attract or persuade to disobedience or disloyalty
[例] The other firm seduced him with a better offer. 另一家公司用更高的待遇想挖他墙脚。
[近] allure, decoy, entice, solicit, tempt, lead on
[反] repulse, ward off 厌恶,不被吸引
symbol: [sɪ'du:s]
zhuji: 【记】se色，duce引导－用美色引导－勾引；诱使
zhuji3000: 【根】 se- [away] + duc [lead] + -e [v.], lead...away, 引导…远离 (正道) → vt. 劝说 (使不忠,使不服从),诱…误入歧途
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position: (22, 9)

正面: sedulous
definition: 【考法】adj. 勤奋认真的:involving or accomplished with careful perseverance
[例] a sedulous student 一个勤奋的学生
[近] assiduous, diligent, industrious, laborious, occupied, tied-up
[反] idle, inactive, unbusy, unemployed, unoccupied 懒惰的
symbol: ['seʤələs]
zhuji: 【记】sed坐，ul，ous多－坐得多的－勤勉的
zhuji3000: 【根】 sed [sit] + ul + -ous [a.], 坐下 (学习) 的 → a. 勤奋认真的
[注] 通过后缀区别sedentary [not migratory,固定不动的] 和sedulous [assiduous, laborious, 勤奋认真的]
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position: (22, 9)

正面: seemly
definition: 【考法】adv. 得体的,遵守礼节的:following the established traditions of refined society and good taste
[例] a young lady of seemly appearance, robust health, and keen intelligence 一个打扮得体、身体健康、头脑敏锐的姑娘
[近] befitting, decent, decorous, genteel, respectable
[反] uncouth, ribald, indecorous, improper, inappropriate, indecent, indelicate, unbecoming, ungenteel, unseemly 粗俗的,不礼貌的
symbol: ['si:mli]
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position: (22, 9)

正面: segment
definition: 【考法】vt./n. 分割;部分:to separate into segments
[例] I think I lost one segment of this model kit. 这套模型的一个零件我找不到了。
[近] member, partition, portion, section
symbol: ['segmənt]
zhuji: 【记】seg＝sect部分，ment一部分
zhuji3000: 【根】 seg [sect, cut] + -ment [n.], cut → vt./n. 分割;部分
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position: (22, 9)

正面: self-abasement
definition: 【考法】n. 自卑,自谦:degradation or humiliation of oneself
[反] self-asserting 自信
symbol: [ˌselfə'beɪsmənt]
zhuji3000: 【联】 abase [降低 (地位、职位、威望或尊严)] → n. 自卑,自谦
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (22, 9)

正面: self-absorbed
definition: 【考法】adj. 自恋的,自私的:absorbed in one's own thoughts, activities, or interests
[例] a self-absorbed man who seems utterly oblivious to the social problems of his own urban neighborhood 一个超级自私的人,对于街坊的事情完全视而不见
[近] narcissistic, self-centered, self-infatuated, self-obsessed, self-oriented, self-preoccupied
[反] self-forgetting, selfless, unselfish 无私的
symbol: [ˌselfəb'sɔ:rbd]
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position: (22, 9)

正面: seminal
definition: 【考法1】adj. 有发展性的:containing or contributing the seeds of later development
[反] hamper further development 阻碍进一步发展
【考法2】adj. 创新的:of, relating to, or having the power to originate; creative
[例] a seminal novel 新颖的小说
[反] derivative 派生的
symbol: ['semɪnl]
zhuji: 【记】semin种，al－种子的－有创见的
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position: (22, 9)

正面: sensation
definition: 【考法1】n. 感觉,知觉:a perception associated with stimulation of a sense organ or with a specific body condition
[例] We felt just the smallest sensation of warmth when we leaned against the radiator. 当我们靠着取暖器的时候,我们也仅仅感到了一点点的温度。
[反] anesthesia, numbness 麻木
【考法2】n. 轰动事件:a state of intense public interest and excitement
[例] the rookie hitting sensation of the American League 这个菜鸟的表现轰动了整个全美大联盟
[近] flash, marvel, miracle, phenomenon, portent, prodigy, splendor
[反] unnoticed event 不知名的小事
symbol: [sen'seɪ∫n]
zhuji: 【记】sans感觉，ation－感觉，很有感觉的事情－轰动的事件
zhuji3000: 【根】 sens [sense] + -ation [n.], sense → n. 感觉,知觉;让所有人都感知 → n. 轰动事件
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position: (22, 10)

正面: sensitive
definition: 【考法】adj. 敏感的:susceptible to the attitudes, feelings, or circumstances of others
[例] He's very sensitive to the sun and will burn if he's outside for any amount of time. 他的皮肤对日光非常敏感,在外时间长了就会烧灼。
[近] susceptible, vulnerable, subject(to)
[反] numb 麻木的
symbol: ['sensətɪv]
zhuji: 【记】sens感觉，itive过分：过分有感觉－敏感的
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position: (22, 10)

正面: sentinel
definition: 【考法】n. 哨兵,看守:a person or group that watches over someone or something
[例] a lone sentinel kept watch over the fort 一个哨兵看守着碉堡
[近] custodian, guardian, keeper, lookout, minder, sentry, warden, watchman
symbol: ['sentɪnl]
zhuji: 【记】sent感觉，inel：要提高感觉的人－哨兵
zhuji3000: 【根】 sent [sense] + in + -el [n.], 察觉 (异常) 的人 → n.哨兵,看守
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position: (22, 10)

正面: sepulchral
definition: 【考法】adj. 阴沉的;丧葬的:causing or marked by an atmosphere lacking in cheer; funereal
[例] The decrepit mansion had a sepulchral tone that gave everybody a chill. 破旧的公馆有着一种坟墓的气息,让人皆为之一颤。
[近] depressing, desolate, dismal, dreary, morose, sullen, tenebrous
[反] merry, bright, cheery, comforting, cordial, festive, heartwarming, sunshiny 欢快的
symbol: [sə'pʌlkrəl]
zhuji: 【记】源于sepulcher（n 坟墓）读：赛跑车－离坟墓不远了
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position: (22, 10)

正面: septic
definition: 【考法】adj. 腐败的,感染的:of, relating to, or causing putrefaction
[反] free of infection 未被感染的
symbol: ['septɪk]
zhuji: 【记】sept细菌，ic－导致腐烂的，感染的
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position: (22, 10)

正面: sequela
definition: 【考法】n. 结果:a secondary consequence or result
[反] precursor 先兆
symbol: [si'kwɪ:lə]
zhuji: 【记】se色，que缺，la啦：色情的人不能缺乏，否则就没有后继者。
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position: (22, 10)

正面: sequester
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使隔绝,分离:to set apart: segregate
[例] sequester a jury 让陪审团分开讨论
[近] insulate, seclude, segregate, separate, cut off
[反] permit to mingle, desegregate, integrate, reintegrate 混合,综合
【考法2】vt. 使隐退:to cause to withdraw into seclusion
[例] She was sequestered in her room. 她深居简出。
symbol: [sɪ'kwestər]
zhuji: 【记】sequ跟随，ester＝east：跟随到东方的古国隐居源于：sequestrate（v 扣押；没收；隐居）
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position: (22, 10)

正面: sere
definition: 【考法】adj. 干枯的,凋萎的:being dried and withered
[例] a sere region that can't support agriculture 一片贫瘠不能发展农业的地区
[近] arid, droughty, thirsty, waterless
[反] lush, damp, dank, humid, moist, wet 葱绿的,湿润的
symbol: [sɪə]
zhuji: 【记】因为被sear（v 烧灼）所以sere。Se色，re热：从颜色上面看很热，比如红色和黄色，sere的颜色
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position: (22, 10)

正面: serendipity
definition: 【考法】n. 意外发现珍奇(或称心)事物的本领:the faculty of making fortunate discoveries by accident
[例] They found each other by pure serendipity. 他俩的相识属于缘分天注定。
symbol: [ˌserən'dɪpəti]
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position: (22, 10)

正面: serene
definition: 【考法1】adj. 安静的:free from disturbing noise or uproar
[例] a serene vacation spot 一处宁谧的度假胜地
[近] arcadian, calm, hushed, peaceful, placid, restful, still, tranquil
[反] boisterous, clamorous, clattery, deafening, raucous, roistering, romping, rowdy, tumultuous, unquiet, uproarious 喧闹的
【考法2】adj. 稳重的,镇静的:unaffected by disturbance; calm and unruffled
[例] a serene man who was everyone's source of support 一个沉着镇静的男人,他是所有人的精神支柱
[近] collected, composed, possessed, recollected, undisturbed, unperturbed, unruffled
[反] agitated, discomposed, disturbed, flustered, perturbed, unhinged, unstrung, upset 暴躁的,不安的
[派] serenity n. 平静:the quality or state of being serene
[反] havoc, pandemonium, tumult, bedlam, riot, furor 混乱,骚动
symbol: [sə'ri:n]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (22, 10)

正面: sermon
definition: 【考法】n. 布道,说教:public speech usually by a member of the clergy for the purpose of giving moral guidance or uplift
[例] a sermon whose message was that we should love our neighbors as much as we love ourselves 主题是教导我们要像爱自己一样爱邻居的一次布道
[近] homily
symbol: ['sɜ:rmən]
zhuji: 【记】ser＝serve服务，mon警告：服务是警告世人－布道ser＝sir，mon＝man：都是男人先生干的事情－布道
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position: (23, 1)

正面: serpentine
definition: 【考法】adj. 弯曲的:winding or turning one way and another
[例] The country inn lies at the end of a rather serpentine road. 乡村小酒吧坐落在一条非常蜿蜒的道路的尽头。
[近] curved, curvy, devious, sinuous, tortuous, twisted, winding
[反] direct, straight, straightaway 直的
symbol: ['sɜ:rpənti:n]
zhuji: 【记】serpent（n 大毒蛇；阴险的人），ineser色，pen笔，tine：一根有颜色的笔－蛇ser＝serve，pent喷他，ine：服务就是用毒液喷他－蛇
zhuji3000: 【记】 来自serpent [蛇], 像蛇一样的 (读音联想: “蛇盘的”) → a. 弯曲的
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position: (23, 1)

正面: serrate
definition: 【考法】adj. 锯齿状的:notched or toothed on the edge
[例] a serrate leaf 锯齿状的叶片
[反] without notches, smooth 无凹口的,平滑的
symbol: ['serɪt]
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position: (23, 1)

正面: serried
definition: 【考法】adj. 密集的:having little space between items or parts
[例] Flowers came up every spring in their serried ranks. 大量的鲜花在春季盛开。
[近] compact, dense
[反] widely separated, airy, loose, open, uncrowded 稀疏的
symbol: ['serid]
zhuji: 【记】源于：series（n 连续；系列）
zhuji3000: 【联】 series [系列] → a. 密集的
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position: (23, 1)

正面: servile
definition: 【考法】adj. 低下的,卑屈的:meanly or cravenly submissive: abject
[例] He had always maintained a servile attitude around people with money. 他对有钱人总是卑躬屈膝。
[近] base, humble, menial, slavish
symbol: ['sɜ:rvl]
zhuji: 【记】serv＝serve，ile＝ill：有服务别人的病－奴性的
zhuji3000: 【根】 serv [serve, 服务, 源自 (被keep的) 奴隶] + -ile [a.], (联) 提供服务的, “客户是上帝” → a. 低下的,卑屈的
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position: (23, 1)

正面: severe
definition: 【考法1】adj. 严厉的,要求严格的:given to exacting standards of discipline and self-restraint
[例] a severe, uncompromising teacher 一位严厉、不妥协的老师
[近] austere, harsh, ramrod, rigid, rigorous, stern
[反] clement, forbearing, gentle, indulgent, lax, lenient, tolerant 温和的,随意的
【考法2】adj. 难以承受的,艰难的:difficult to endure
[例] a severe winter that was among the coldest on record 有记录的最寒冷的冬天之一
[近] brutal, excruciating, grievous, onerous, oppressive, tough, trying
[反] easy, light, soft 轻松的
symbol: [sɪ'vɪr]
zhuji: 【记】severe的人总是sever
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position: (23, 1)

正面: shackle
definition: 【考法1】vt. 束缚:to deprive of freedom especially of action by means of restrictions or handicaps
[例] unwilling to shackle the dogs to the wall of the house 不愿意把狗拴在墙边
[近] chain, enchain, enfetter, fetter, gyve, handcuff, manacle, pinion, trammel
[反] loose, emancipate, unbind, unfetter, unshackle 解放
【考法2】vt. 限制,阻碍:to create difficulty for the work or activity of
[例] shackled by poverty and ignorance 被贫穷和无知所阻碍
[近] clog, cramp, encumber, fetter, hinder, impede, inhibit, interfere with, manacle, obstruct, short-circuit, stymie, tie up, trammel
[反] aid, assist, facilitate, help 促进,帮助
symbol: ['∫ækl]
zhuji: 【记】shackle戴在脚上shake（v 摇晃）
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position: (23, 1)

正面: shadow
definition: 【考法1】vt. 偷偷尾随:to follow especially secretly: trail
[例] shadow the suspect to see what he was up to 尾随嫌犯行踪
[近] chase, course, pursue, trace, track, trail
【考法2】v. 遮蔽,(使)变暗:to(cause to)become gloomy or dark
[派] shadowy adj. 模糊的:faintly perceptible: indistinct
[例] He had only a shadowy idea of what they wanted him to do. 他对要做的事只有一个模糊的想法。
symbol: ['∫ædoʊ]
zhuji3000: 【记】 shadow有“影子”的含义,影子产生的原因是光线受到遮盖 → v. 遮蔽,(使) 变暗;“像别人的影子一样” → vt. 偷偷尾随
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position: (23, 1)

正面: shallow
definition: 【考法】adj. 浅显的,浅薄的:having or showing a lack of depth of understanding or character
[例] shallow generalizations 一个浅显的概览
[近] facile, one-dimensional, skin-deep
[反] profound 深刻的,有深度的
symbol: ['∫æloʊ]
zhuji: 【记】shal，low低的－浅的
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position: (23, 1)

正面: sham
definition: 【考法1】n. 欺瞒:the quality of deceitfulness; empty pretense
[例] condemn the rigged election as a total sham 指责这次有作弊的选举是彻头彻尾的骗局
[反] debunk 揭穿真相
【考法2】v. 掩饰,假装:to present a false appearance of
[例] sham a most unconvincing limp just to get sympathy 非常拙劣地假装自己腿脚不便,以博得同情
[近] act, affect, bluff, counterfeit, cloak, dissemble, fake, simulate, pretend, profess, put on, pass for
【考法3】adj. 虚假的:not genuine; fake
[例] street vendors selling sham designer handbags to gullible tourists 街头小贩向易上当的游客兜售山寨的设计师手包
[近] bogus, forged, phony, spurious, unauthentic
[反] genuine, authentic, bona fide, real, unfaked 真正的
symbol: [∫æm]
zhuji: 【记】sha傻，m妈妈：傻妈妈买了赝品。Shame害羞去掉e，假装害羞
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position: (23, 1)

正面: shiftless
definition: 【考法】adj. 胸无大志的,懒惰的:lacking in ambition or incentive: lazy
[例] shiftless spongers who never thought to do anything for themselves 无志气的弃民们,从来没有想过改变自己
[近] idle, indolent, slothful
[反] industrious 勤奋的
symbol: ['∫ɪftləs]
zhuji: 【记】shift（n /v 转移），less：总不转变想法－没有目标的。
zhuji3000: 【根】 shift [变化, 移动] + -less [a.], 不去尝试变化,不移动的 → a. 胸无大志的,懒惰的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (23, 2)

正面: shipshape
definition: 【考法】adj. 井然有序的:marked by meticulous order and neatness
[例] I like to keep my car shipshape. 我喜欢打理我的车。
[近] antiseptic, kempt, orderly, prim, uncluttered, well-groomed
[反] disheveled, disordered, disorderly, messy, sloven, unkempt, untidy 混乱的,不整洁的
symbol: ['∫ɪp∫eɪp]
zhuji: 【记】ship船，shape形状－船的形状－井然有序的
zhuji3000: 【源】 ship [船] + shape [形状,构造],源自在风浪很大的海域中航行的船,为避免海浪的破坏内部设施全部在地面上固定 (例如桌子、凳子无法挪动),所以船上的物品排布一直很整齐 → a. 井然有序的
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position: (23, 2)

正面: shirk
definition: 【考法】v. 逃避,规避:to get or keep away from(as a responsibility)through cleverness or trickery
[例] shirk one's duty 逃避责任
[近] avoid, dodge, elude, eschew, evade, shun, weasel out of
symbol: [∫ɜ:rk]
zhuji: 【记】sh使，irk（v 使厌倦）：我要使你厌倦－快逃避
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position: (23, 2)

正面: shoal
definition: 【考法】adj. 浅的:having little depth: shallow
[例] shoal waters of the bay 海湾附近的浅水区
[反] deep 深的
symbol: [∫oʊl]
zhuji: 【记】源于：shallow（adj 浅的；浅薄的）
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position: (23, 2)

正面: shopworn
definition: 【考法】adj. 陈旧的:worn-out, as from overuse: trite
[例] the shopworn suggestion to job applicants to“just be yourself”老掉牙的让应征者“做你自己”的提议
[近] banal, cliché, commonplace, hackneyed, trite, well-worn
[反] new, fresh, novel, original, unclichéd, unhackneyed 新的
symbol: ['∫ɑ:pwɔ:rn]
zhuji: 【记】shop商店，worn（adj 用旧的）
zhuji3000: 【根】 shop [商店] + worn [用旧的], 在商店中 (作为展示品) 用旧的 → a. 陈旧的
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position: (23, 2)

正面: shred
definition: 【考法】n. 少量:a small amount; a particle
[例] He struggled to retain a shred of his dignity. 他勉强挽救了一点尊严。
[近] crumb, driblet, mite, scintilla, spark, speck, sprinkling, tad
symbol: [∫red]
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position: (23, 2)

正面: shrewd
definition: 【考法1】adj. 精明的,机敏的:having or showing a practical cleverness or judgment
[例] He's shrewd about his investments. 他是个精明的投资人。
[近] crafty, cunning, devious, sly, subtle, wily, astute, savvy, sharp
[反] foolish, naïve, unknowing 愚蠢的,幼稚的
【考法2】adj. 刺骨的,强烈的:causing intense discomfort to one's skin
[例] She pulled her coat tighter against the shrewd breeze whipping down the alley. 巷子里刮着刺骨的风,她拉紧了大衣。
[近] biting, bitter, keen, penetrating, piercing, raw, sharp, stinging
symbol: [∫ru:d]
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position: (23, 2)

正面: shrink
definition: 【考法1】vi.(在数量或价值方面)降低,减小:to become reduced in amount or value: dwindle
[例] His savings quickly shrank. 他的存款急剧减少。
[近] compress, condense, constrict
[反] balloon, expand, snowball, swell 增大,膨胀
【考法2】v.(使)本能性地退却(如因遇到使人惊恐的事物),(使)退缩:to(cause to)draw back instinctively, as from something alarming: recoil
[例] shrink back from the approaching flames 对着燃烧的火焰望而却步
[近] blench, cringe, quail, recoil, squinch, wince
【考法3】vi. 表示出不情愿,犹豫:to show reluctance: hesitate
[例] shrink from making such a sacrifice 对做出这样的牺牲犹豫不决
symbol: [∫rɪŋk]
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position: (23, 2)

正面: shroud
definition: 【考法1】n. 隐蔽物,可起隐藏、保护或屏护作用的物体:something that conceals, protects, or screens
[例] under a shroud of fog 在迷雾的掩护下
【考法2】vt. 将…从视线中隔离,遮蔽:to shut off from sight; screen
[例] She shrouded the fact that the child had been adopted. 她将孩子是领养的这个事实隐藏起来。
[近] belie, blanket, cloak, conceal, cover, curtain, disguise, mask, occult, screen, veil, blot out, paper over
[反] bare, disclose, display, divulge, expose, reveal, show 展示,暴露
symbol: [∫raʊd]
zhuji: 【记】sh死人围着一圈roud＝round等着穿shroud "
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position: (23, 2)

正面: shrug
definition: 【考法1】vt. 轻视,忽略:to dismiss as of little importance
[例] The administration was willing to shrug off the problem. 当局有意忽略这个问题。
[近] bypass, disregard, gloss, ignore, neglect, minimize, overlook, overpass, slight, slur
[反] attend, heed, mind 留心,注意
【考法2】v. 脱下(衣物等):to rid oneself of(a garment)
[例] She shrugged off her coat and hung it up neatly. 她脱下大衣,将其整齐地挂好。
[近] doff, douse, put off, take off
[反] don, put on 穿上
symbol: [∫rʌg]
zhuji: 【记】sh屎，rug地毯：你们家的地毯上有你的狗拉的sh，你只能对此表示毫无办法－耸肩
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position: (23, 2)

正面: shun
definition: 【考法】vt. 避开,避免:to avoid deliberately; keep away from
[例] After his divorce he found himself being shunned by many of his former friends. 自从他离婚以来,他发现许多曾经的朋友都刻意躲着他。
[近] avoid, dodge, duck, elude, eschew, evade, finesse, scape, shirk
[反] accept, embrace, welcome 接受,欢迎;pursue, seek 追寻
symbol: [∫ʌn]
zhuji: 【记】读：闪－闪避
zhuji3000: 【联】 读音“闪” → v. 避开,避免
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position: (23, 3)

正面: sidestep
definition: 【考法】vt.(通过逃避而)不遵守:to avoid having to comply with(something)especially through cleverness
[例] The eager enlistee sidestepped the regulations by lying about his age. 急切的应募者通过谎报自己的年龄躲过了规定的限制。
[近] beat, bypass, dodge, shortcut, skirt
[反] comply, follow, keep, obey, observe 遵守
symbol: ['saɪdstep]
zhuji: 【记】side，step：原指向旁边侧跨一步，后引申为回避。
zhuji3000: 【根】 side [一边] + step [踏], 踏到另一边 → v. (通过逃避而) 不遵守
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position: (23, 3)

正面: signal
definition: 【考法1】adj.(在重要性、成就方面)非同寻常的:standing above others in rank, importance, or achievement
[例] The Louisiana Purchase is cited by many historians as one of the most signal events in American history. 从法国手中购买路易斯安那被许多历史学家认为是美国历史上最重要的事件之一。‖a signal feat 一项非同寻常的伟业
[近] distinguished, illustrious, luminous, notable, noteworthy, outstanding, preeminent, prestigious, redoubtable
[反] average, inferior, mediocre 一般的,低下的;insignificant, minor, unimportant 不重要的
【考法2】v. 给出信号:to direct or notify by a movement or gesture
[例] They signaled at me to come over to their table. 他们向我打招呼要我到他们那桌去。‖A lock on the suitcase might signal that there's something of value inside. 手提箱上的锁可能意味着里面有贵重物品。
[近] beckon, flag, gesture, wave
symbol: ['sɪgnəl]
zhuji: 【记】晚上的信号灯是很明显的。
zhuji3000: 【根】 作为标志的 → a. (在重要性、成就方面) 非同寻常的;sign [做手势] → v. 给出信号
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position: (23, 3)

正面: simpleton
definition: 【考法】n.(缺乏常识的)笨蛋:a person lacking in common sense; a stupid person
[例] His silly antics at office parties have earned him a reputation as a simpleton. 他在办公室聚会上愚蠢古怪的行为让他被人认为是个蠢货。
[近] airhead, dolt, donkey, dullard, fool, idiot, moron
[反] intellectual, sage, wit 智者;genius, prodigy 天才
symbol: ['sɪmpltən]
zhuji: 【记】简单的象一吨石头就是傻子。
zhuji3000: 【记】 (头脑) 简单 [simple] 的人 [-ton] → n. (缺乏常识的) 笨蛋
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position: (23, 3)

正面: simulate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 假装,模仿:to have or take on the appearance, form, or sound of: imitate
[例] cosmetics that simulate a suntan 用来模仿晒黑效果的化妆品
[近] act, affect, assume, counterfeit, dissemble, fake, imitate, pretend, profess, sham
【考法2】vt. 模拟:to create a representation or model of(a physical system or particular situation)
[例] carry out an experiment to simulate weightlessness 进行了模拟失重状态的实验
symbol: ['sɪmjuleɪt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 sim [like] + ul + -ate [v.], (look, feel, or behave) like (something) → vt. 假装,模仿;模拟
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position: (23, 3)

正面: sin
definition: 【考法】n. 罪恶的事:an action that is or is felt to be highly reprehensible; morally unacceptable
[例] It's a sin to waste food when people are starving. 当有人还在挨饿时浪费食物是一种罪过。
[近] bad, evildoing, ill, immorality, iniquity, villainy, wrong
[反] good, morality, right, virtue 美德,美好的行为
[派] sinful adj. 罪恶的,有罪的
symbol: [sɪn]
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position: (23, 3)

正面: sincere
definition: 【考法】adj. 真诚的,不做作的:being without hypocrisy or pretense; true
[例] She offered a sincere apology for her angry outburst. 她为她先前的盛怒表示诚挚的歉意。
[近] artless, genuine, heartfelt, honest, ingenuous, innocent, natural, real, true, unaffected, unfeigned
[反] affected, artful, artificial, assuming, dissembling, fake, guileful, insincere, phony, pretentious 做作的,假装的
symbol: [sɪn'sɪr]
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position: (23, 3)

正面: sinecure
definition: 【考法】n. 拿钱不干事的职务;闲差事:an office or position that requires little or no work and that usually provides an income
[例] Brenda's job was by no means a sinecure: she actually had to work quite hard for her salary. 布伦达的工作一点也算不上闲差事:实际上为了那点工资她必须没命地干活。
[反] drudge, drudgery, moil, sweat, toil, travail 艰苦的工作,苦活
symbol: ['saɪnɪkjʊr]
zhuji: 【记】sine＝sin罪孽，e，cure关心－只关心罪孽的职位，原指：领干薪的牧师职位，一个与教士的精神职责无关的职位，只要不犯错就行－闲职
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position: (23, 3)

正面: sinew
definition: 【考法】n. 活力,力量:vigorous strength; muscular power
[例] Money is the sinew of love as well as war. 爱情和战争都要用金钱来保证。
[近] energy, firepower, force, horsepower, might, muscle, potency, power, puissance, strength, vigor
[反] impotence, impotency, powerlessness, weakness 无力,虚弱
symbol: ['sɪnju:]
zhuji: 【记】si死，new新：死后的肌肉还是新的－生前强有力si死，new读：牛：这人死牛死牛的－强有力
zhuji3000: 【联】 sin [sin函数] + (n) ew [新的], 新 [new] 的、处于萌芽的事物,像sin函数不断跳动 [sin] → n. 活力,力量
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position: (23, 3)

正面: singe
definition: 【考法】vt. 轻微烧焦:to burn superficially or lightly
[例] The iron is too hot, and you'll singe the nightdress. 熨斗太烫了,你会把睡衣烫坏的。‖The marshmallows got a bit singed over the campfire, but we like them that way. 棉花糖因为营火而有些许烧焦,但我们还是很喜欢它的味道。
[近] char, scorch, sear
[反] incinerate 烧成灰烬
symbol: [sɪnʤ]
zhuji: 【记】原指：用微火燎去鸟或动物的尸体上的毛sin罪孽，ge哥哥－哥哥犯错与庶民同罪－烧焦了他
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position: (23, 3)

正面: sinuous
definition: 【考法】adj. 蜿蜒的,迂回的:marked by a long series of irregular curves; not direct
[例] The river flowed in a sinuous path through the lush valley. 蜿蜒曲折的河流流过茂密的山谷。‖Thirty-year-old men are novel, rich in content and sinuous in plots. 三十岁的男人是小说,内容丰富,情节曲折。
[近] bending, curling, curved, curving, devious, serpentine, tortuous, twisted, winding, windy
[反] straight, straightaway 直的,直接的
symbol: ['sɪnjuəs]
zhuji: 【记】sinu弯曲，ous多－弯曲多的－蜿蜒的
zhuji3000: 【联】 sin [sin函数] + u + -ous [a.], 路线像sin函数 → a. 蜿蜒的,迂回的
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position: (23, 4)

正面: sip
definition: 【考法】vt.(尤指小口地)喝:to swallow in liquid form, especially in small quantities
[例] slowly sipping the hot soup 慢慢地喝着热汤‖She sipped her coffee while she watched the sun rise. 她一边看着日出,一边喝着咖啡。
[近] gulp, guzzle, hoist, imbibe, quaff, swill
[反] vomit, throw up 呕吐
symbol: [sɪp]
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position: (23, 4)

正面: skeleton
definition: 【考法】n. 骨架,框架:something forming a structural framework
[例] Only the charred skeleton of the house remained after the fire. 大火过后整个房子只剩下被烧焦的骨架了。We saw a skeleton of the report before it was published. 在报告发表之前,我们看到了他的整体框架。
[近] architecture, configuration, edifice, fabric, framework, framing, infrastructure, shell, structure
symbol: ['skelɪtn]
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position: (23, 4)

正面: skeptic
definition: 【考法】n. 怀疑者:one who instinctively or habitually doubts, questions, or disagrees with assertions or generally accepted conclusions
[例] You can either be a skeptic or not, but I believe it anyway. 至于你信不信,我反正信了。
[近] disbeliever, doubter, questioner, unbeliever
[反] dupe, gull, pigeon 容易上当受骗的人
[派] skeptical adj. 持怀疑态度的;skepticism n. 怀疑论
symbol: ['skeptɪk]
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position: (23, 4)

正面: skimp
definition: 【考法1】adj. 缺乏的,不足的:less plentiful than what is normal, necessary, or desirable
[例] The dieter complained about skimp meals that were served at the fat farm. 这个节食者抱怨说减肥疗养地的伙食少得可怜。
[近] exiguous, meager, niggardly, poor, scant, scanty, scarce, skimpy, slender, slim, sparing, sparse, stingy
[反] abundant, ample, bountiful, copious, generous, liberal, plenteous, plentiful 大量的,丰富的
【考法2】vi. 节省花费,吝啬:to give insufficient or barely sufficient attention or effort to or funds for
[例] We must skimp and save if we are going to afford a vacation this summer. 要是我们这个夏天要出去旅行,那么就得开始节省出一些钱了。
[近] pinch, save, scrimp, spare, stint
[反] dissipate, lavish, prodigalize, squander, waste 浪费,挥霍
symbol: [skɪmp]
zhuji: 【记】源于：scrimp（v 过度缩减）skim撇去，p屁股：人家管你借钱，你只是给p－吝啬
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position: (23, 4)

正面: skirmish
definition: 【考法】n. 小冲突,争论:a minor or preliminary conflict or dispute
[例] They had a skirmish over the rules before the debate began. 在辩论开始之前他们因为规则而吵了起来。
[近] altercation, controversy, disagreement, dispute, hassle, imbroglio, quarrel, spat, squabble, tiff, wrangle
[反] amity, concord, harmony, rapport, rapprochement 和睦,友好
symbol: ['skɜ:rmɪ∫]
zhuji: 【记】skir＝skirt，mish读：迷失－裙子丢了会引起夫妻之间的小口角。
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position: (23, 4)

正面: skirt
definition: 【考法1】n. 界限,边界:the line or relatively narrow space that marks the outer limit of something
[例] an old shack on the skirts of the town 城镇边界上的一座老房子
[近] borderline, boundary, circumference, compass, confines, edge, frame, fringe, margin, perimeter, periphery, verge
[反] center, core, kernel 核心
【考法2】vt. 绕行,避开:to go around or keep away from in order to avoid danger or discovery
[例] skirt the construction zone 绕开建筑工地‖The new bill would make it harder for companies to skirt environmental regulations. 新的规定会增加公司逃脱环境监管的难度。
[近] bypass, circumvent, detour, shortcut, sidestep
[反] pursue, seek 追寻
symbol: [skɜ:rt]
zhuji: 【记】穿skirt的女人擅长skirt问题。
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position: (23, 4)

正面: slack
definition: 【考法1】adj. 松弛的:not tightly fastened, tied, or stretched
[例] The rope is too slack. 绳子太松了。
[近] insecure, lax, loosened, relaxed, slackened, unsecured
[反] taut, tense, tight 拉紧的
【考法2】adj. 疏忽的,大意的:failing to give proper care and attention
[例] This building contractor is known mainly for his firm's slack workmanship and slipshod construction. 这个建筑承包商因其公司不负责任的粗糙做工和马虎建造的建筑物而臭名远扬。
[近] careless, derelict, disregardful, lax, lazy, neglectful, neglecting, negligent, remiss
[反] attentive, careful, conscientious 专心的;alert, heedful, mindful, observant, regardful, vigilant, wary, watchful 警惕的
symbol: [slæk]
zhuji: 【记】s死后lack缺乏精力，所以行动迟缓懒散的
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position: (23, 4)

正面: slake
definition: 【考法】vt. 使满足:to satisfy(a craving); quench
[例] Mountain climbing has largely slaked my desire for adventure. 登山很大程度上满足了我对探险的渴望。
[近] assuage, quench, sate, satiate, satisfy
[反] tantalize, tease 诱惑,挑逗;arouse, excite, pique, stimulate 激起,唤起
symbol: [sleɪk]
zhuji: 【记】s死在lake湖里了，因为解渴过分，撑死了。
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position: (23, 4)

正面: slant
definition: 【考法1】n.(看待问题、思考的)角度,看法:a way of looking at or thinking about something
[例] an interesting slant on the problem of underage drinking 在青少年饮酒这个问题上一个有趣的视角
[近] angle, outlook, perspective, standpoint, viewpoint
【考法2】adj. 倾斜的:running in a slanting direction
[例] The computer keyboard has a slightly slant surface so that typing is more comfortable for the wrists. 电脑键盘有一个微小的倾斜角,因此打字不会使手腕感到不适。
[近] canted, graded, inclined, leaning, listing, oblique, pitched, raked, slanted, sloping, tilting
[反] perpendicular, plumb, vertical 垂直的;horizontal, level 水平的
【考法3】vt. 歪曲(事实等):to change so much as to create a wrong impression or alter the meaning of
[例] Reporters slanted the truth in order to push a political agenda. 为了推动政治进程,记者们歪曲了事实。
[近] bend, color, distort, falsify, misinterpret, misrelate, misrepresent, misstate, pervert, twist, warp
[反] clarify, clear, elucidate, illuminate, illustrate 澄清,阐明
symbol: [slænt]
zhuji: 【记】源于：slope（v /n 斜坡）读：撕烂他－用偏见撕烂他的名誉。
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position: (23, 4)

正面: slate
definition: 【考法】vt. 列入名单,计划,安排:to put(someone or something)on a list
[例] You've been slated for a three o'clock interview. 你的面试被安排在三点。
[近] catalog, enroll, enter, index, inscribe, record, register, schedule
[反] delete, erase 删除,除名
symbol: [sleɪt]
zhuji: 【记】源于：slat（n 板条），e－石板，古希腊选举时在石板上刻候选人的名字－候选人名单
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position: (23, 5)

正面: slew
definition: 【考法】n. 大量,许多:a large amount or number
[例] donate a slew of books to the university library 向大学图书馆捐赠了大量的书籍
[近] abundance, bundle, dozen, multiplicity, myriad, plentitude, profusion, scad, shipload, volume, wealth
[反] ace, bit, driblet, glimmer, handful, hint, mite, mouthful, nip, ounce, pittance, sprinkle, trace 少量
symbol: [slu:]
zhuji: 【记】slew是slow慢慢聚集的
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position: (23, 5)

正面: slight
definition: 【考法1】adj. 不重要的:deficient in weight, importance
[例] a slight comedy that did nothing to further her career 一个对她事业发展没有任何帮助的小喜剧
[近] fiddling, frivolous, inconsequential, inconsiderable, insignificant, little, minor, minute, nugatory, trifling, trivial
[反] consequential, eventful, important, meaningful, momentous, significant, substantial, weighty 重要的
【考法2】adj. 轻微的:small in degree
[例] only a slight chance of success 只有很小的成功概率‖If you have even the slightest doubt, then don't do it. 只要你有一点点疑惑,那就不要去做了。
[近] fragile, frail, negligible, outside, slim, small, tiny
[反] distinct 显著的
【考法3】vt. 轻蔑,看不起:to treat with disdain or indifference
[例] Those snobbish music critics slight any style of music that doesn't fit their personal taste. 那帮自命不凡的音乐评论家看不起所有不符合他们个人口味的音乐。
[近] contemn, disdain, disrespect, snub, look down
[反] esteem, honor, respect, revere, venerate 尊敬
【考法4】vt. 忽略,疏忽:to fail to give proper attention to
[例] She slighted several major authors in her survey of 20th-century fiction. 她在调查20世纪小说时忽略了几个重要的作家。
[近] bypass, disregard, ignore, neglect, overlook, overpass, shrug, slur
[反] attend, heed, mind 留心,注意
symbol: [slaɪt]
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position: (23, 5)

正面: sling
definition: 【考法】vt. 投掷:to send through the air especially with a quick forward motion of the arm
[例] sling stones at the checkpoint 朝着检查站扔石头
[近] cast, chuck, dash, fire, fling, heave, hurl, hurtle, launch, lob, loft, pelt, pitch, toss
[反] catch 接住
symbol: [slɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】源于：fling（v /n 投掷）"
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position: (23, 5)

正面: slippery
definition: 【考法1】adj. 光滑的:causing or tending to cause something to slide or fall
[例] The road is slippery after rain, so drive cautiously. 雨后路滑,谨慎驾驶。
[近] greased, greasy, lubricated, oiled, slicked, slithery
[反] coarse, rough 粗糙的
【考法2】adj. 隐秘的:given to acting in secret and to concealing one's intentions
[例] a bar where a lot of slippery characters were known to hang out 一个有许多秘密人物出没的酒吧
[近] furtive, shady, shifty, sly, sneaking, stealthy
[反] aboveboard 光明正大的
【考法3】adj. 意义不明确的:not precise or fixed in meaning, elusive or tricky
[例] a slippery concept that we had trouble understanding 一个我们难以理解的模糊概念
[近] ambiguous, elusive, equivocal, evasive, fugitive, obscure, unintelligible, vague
[反] apparent, clear, distinct, evident, manifest, obvious, palpable, patent, plain, unambiguous, unequivocal 明确的
symbol: ['slɪpəri]
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position: (23, 5)

正面: slipshod
definition: 【考法】adj. 粗心的,随意的:marked by carelessness or indifference to exactness, precision, and accuracy
[例] a slipshod piece of research 一项随意的研究‖The hotel had always been run in a slipshod way. 酒店总是在以一种随意的状态运营。
[近] botchy, careless, messy, slapdash, sloppy, slovenly, untidy
[反] fastidious, meticulous 极仔细的;accurate, exact, precise 准确的
symbol: ['slɪp∫ɑ:d]
zhuji: 【记】slip滑倒，shod＝shoe鞋：穿鞋还滑倒－马虎草率的
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position: (23, 5)

正面: sloppy
definition: 【考法1】adj. 邋遢的,不整洁的:lacking neatness in dress or person
[例] a sloppy child who always seems to have spilled something on his clothes 一个外表邋遢的小孩子,他的衣服似乎总被沾上了什么东西
[近] blowsy, dowdy, frowsy, slovenly, unkempt, untidy
[反] dapper, dashing, sharp, smart, spruce 外表整洁的
【考法2】adj. 混乱的:lacking in order, neatness, and often cleanliness
[例] dump the papers in a sloppy pile on the desk 把纸张随意地叠放在书桌上
[近] chaotic, disarranged, disarrayed, disheveled, disorderly, jumbled, littered, rumpled, tousled, tumbled
[反] bandbox, crisp, kempt, neat, orderly, organized, shipshape, snug, tidy, trim 整洁有序的
symbol: ['slɑ:pi]
zhuji: 【记】slop（v 溅；n 泥汤），py－溅一身泥汤－邋遢snoppy特别sloppy
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position: (23, 5)

正面: sloth
definition: 【考法】n. 怠惰,懒惰:disinclination to action or labor: indolence
[例] Sloth is the mother of poverty. 懒惰是贫穷的原因。
[近] idleness, indolence, inertia, languor, laziness, lethargy, shiftlessness, sluggishness, torpor
[反] assiduity, diligence, industry 勤奋
[派] slothful adj. 懒惰的
symbol: [sloʊθ]
zhuji: 【记】原指：树懒－移动缓慢，栖息在树上，用爪子倒悬在树枝上，吃树叶、嫩芽和果实。Slo＝slow，th死：慢慢地死是因为懒惰。
zhuji3000: 【根】 来自sloth [树懒],一种十分懒惰的动物,与slow [慢] 同源 → n. 怠惰,懒惰
[注] 形近近义词slouch [n. 懒人 v. 缓慢行走] (slouch与slack [松懈] 有关)
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position: (23, 5)

正面: slouch
definition: 【考法1】n. 懒人:a lazy person
[例] She is no slouch when it comes to cooking. 她做起饭来可一点也不懒。
[近] deadbeat, drone, idler, loafer, slug, sluggard
[反] doer, hummer, hustler, rustler 活跃的人,精力充沛的人
【考法2】vi. 缓慢行走:to go or move slowly or reluctantly
[例] He slouched towards the church as if going to his own funeral. 他缓缓地向教堂走去,仿佛是要去参加自己的葬礼一般。
[近] creep, drag, inch, limp, nose, ooze, plod, poke, snail
[反] fly, race, speed, whiz, zip 快走
symbol: [slaʊt∫]
zhuji: 【记】源于：sloth（n （对工作）懒惰）slou＝slow，ch吃：吃得慢－无精打采的样子
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position: (23, 5)

正面: slovenly
definition: 【考法】adj. 邋遢的,不整洁的:lacking neatness in dress or person
[例] For the sake of their image, the band members transformed themselves from clean-cut lads to slovenly rockers. 为了他们自身的形象,乐队成员从健康向上的青年变成了邋遢的摇滚乐手。
[近] blowsy, dowdy, frowsy, sloppy, unkempt, untidy
[反] dapper, dashing, neat, sharp, smart, spruce, trim 外表整洁的
symbol: ['slʌvnli]
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position: (23, 5)

正面: sluggard
definition: 【考法】n. 懒人:an habitually lazy person
[例] The teacher tried to wake up the sluggards who were still sleeping at that late hour. 老师尝试去叫醒那些还在睡觉的懒鬼们。
[近] deadbeat, drone, idler, loafer, slouch, slug
[反] doer, hummer, hustler, rustler 活跃的人,精力充沛的人
symbol: ['slʌgərd]
zhuji: 【记】slug（n 蛞蝓，一种行动缓慢的虫，象蜗牛），gard－懒惰鬼
zhuji3000: 【记】 slug是一种很懒的虫子 → 懒人
[注] 可参考lag [落后,延迟];slug读音联想“死懒鬼”
【派】 sluggish [a. 缓慢的,迟缓的;迟钝的,反应慢的]
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position: (23, 6)

正面: sluggish
definition: 【考法1】adj. 缓慢的,迟缓的:markedly slow in movement, flow, or growth
[例] The sluggish pace of the project is worrisome. 项目进展缓慢让人担忧。
[近] crawling, creeping, dallying, dilatory, dragging, lagging, languid, leisurely, snaillike, tardy, unhurried
[反] bolting, brisk, fast, fleet, hasty, lightning, meteoric, quick, racing, rapid, rocketing, speedy, swift 快速的
【考法2】adj. 迟钝的,反应慢的:slow to respond(as to stimulation or treatment)
[例] Reptiles are naturally sluggish at low temperatures. 在低温下爬行动物的生理机能自然会趋于迟缓。
[近] dull, indolent, inert, lethargic, quiescent, sleepy, torpid
[反] active, animated, bouncing, dynamic, energetic, kinetic, spirited, vigorous, vital, vivacious 有活力的
symbol: ['slʌgɪ∫]
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position: (23, 6)

正面: slumber
definition: 【考法】vi. 睡着:to be in a state of sleep
[例] She slumbered for hours while the train rolled on. 她在火车行进过程中睡了几个小时。
[近] catnap, doze, nap, rest, sleep, snooze
[反] arouse, awake, waken 醒来
symbol: ['slʌmbər]
zhuji: 【记】s死得像lumber木材－睡眠
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position: (23, 6)

正面: slur
definition: 【考法1】n. 耻辱:a mark of guilt or disgrace
[例] Your drunken behavior at the wedding has cast a slur on this family. 你在婚礼上醉酒后的行为给整个家族都带来了耻辱。
[近] blot, brand, onus, smirch, smudge, spot, stigma, taint
[反] award, credit, glory, honor 荣誉,荣耀
【考法2】vt. 含糊地发音:to pronounce indistinctly
[例] If you slur your words, the visa officer will have a hard time following you. 如果你说话含糊不清,签证官就很难听懂你的话。
[近] mumble, murmur, mutter
[反] articulate, enunciate 清楚地表达
【考法3】vt. 疏忽,忽略:to slide or slip over without due mention, consideration, or emphasis
[例] This documentary slurs over certain important facts as it offers a very biased case for a conspiracy theory. 这部纪录片忽略了许多重要的客观事实,而只给出了带有偏见的阴谋论解释。
[近] bypass, disregard, forget, ignore, overlook, overpass, slight
[反] attend, heed, mind 留心,注意
symbol: [slɜ:r]
zhuji: 【记】有lur的都有模糊的意思，blur（v 使模糊）
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position: (23, 6)

正面: sly
definition: 【考法1】adj. 狡猾的:clever or cunning, especially in the practice of deceit
[例] The movie pairs a sly, dissembling ex-con with an upstanding, straight-arrow cop. 电影把一个狡猾、善于骗人的出狱犯和正直、坦率的警察搭配在了一起。
[近] beguiling, cagey, crafty, cunning, designing, devious, foxy, guileful, scheming, shrewd, subtle, tricky, wily
[反] artless, guileless, ingenuous, innocent, undesigning 天真纯朴的,无伪装的
【考法2】adj. 隐秘的,偷偷的:given to acting in secret and to concealing one's intentions
[例] The maid took a sly look at the letter on the table. 女仆偷偷地看了一眼桌上的信。
[近] furtive, shady, shifty, slippery, sneaking, stealthy
[反] aboveboard 光明正大的
symbol: [slaɪ]
zhuji: 【记】死赖－死赖在你们家要钱－狡诈虚伪的
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position: (23, 6)

正面: smarmy
definition: 【考法】adj. 虚情假意的,过分恭维的:hypocritically, complacently, or effusively earnest
[例] He is slightly smarmy and eager to impress. 他有点虚伪,急于给人留下印象。
[近] fulsome, oily, slick, soapy, unctuous
[反] artless, earnest, genuine, heartfelt, sincere, unaffected 真诚的,真挚的
symbol: ['smɑ:rmi]
zhuji: 【记】读：死妈咪－妈咪被他的虚情假意所迷惑而死
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position: (23, 6)

正面: smart
definition: 【考法1】adj. 反应敏捷的,聪颖的:characterized by sharp quick thought
[例] a smart child who could do well in school 一个能在学校取得良好成绩的聪明孩子
[近] alert, brainy, bright, brilliant, clever, exceptional, fast, intelligent, keen, nimble, quick, sharp
[反] airheaded, brainless, doltish, dumb, fatuous, mindless, obtuse, senseless, simple, stupid, vacuous, witless 愚钝的
【考法2】adj. 整洁的:being strikingly neat and trim in style or appearance
[例] Dressed in their smart new uniforms, the cadets proudly paraded around the grounds of the military school. 穿着整洁的制服,军校的学员们骄傲地在训练场上游行。
[近] dapper, natty, neat, sharp, snappy, spruce, trim
[反] disheveled, frowsy, sloppy, slovenly, unkempt 不整洁的
【考法3】vi. 感到疼痛,感到痛苦:to suffer acutely, as from mental distress, wounded feelings, or remorse
[例] The injection only smarted for a moment. 打针只会痛一小会儿。‖He is still smarting over criticism of his clumsy performance. 那些对他笨拙表演的批评仍然让他感到痛苦。
[近] ache, hurt, pain, suffer
[反] allay, alleviate, assuage, ease, mitigate, mollify, palliate, relieve, soothe 缓和
symbol: [smɑ:rt]
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position: (23, 6)

正面: smattering
definition: 【考法1】n. 浅薄的知识:superficial piecemeal knowledge
[例] a smattering of Greek grammar 略懂希腊语语法
[反] erudition 博学;insight 深刻的见解
【考法2】n. 少量:a small scattered number or amount
[例] Only a smattering of spectators presented. 只有少数几个观看者出席了。
[反] ace, bit, driblet, glimmer, handful, hint, mite, mouthful, nip, ounce, pittance, sprinkle, trace
[近] abundance, bundle, dozen, multiplicity, myriad, plentitude, profusion, scad, shipload, slew, volume, wealth 大量
symbol: ['smætərɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】不是源于smart；s死mat席子tering：死在席子上的乞丐是因为没有知识。
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position: (23, 6)

正面: smirk
definition: 【考法】vi.(自鸣得意地)笑:to smile in an affected, often offensively self-satisfied manner
[例] She tried not to smirk when they announced the winner. 当他们宣布她获得了胜利时,她尽可能地保持不露出笑容。
[近] grin, simper
[反] cry, weep 哭泣;groan, moan, sigh 叹息
symbol: [smɜ:rk]
zhuji: 【记】smile＋irk：又饿又渴还笑－假笑
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position: (23, 6)

正面: smother
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使窒息:to be or cause to be killed by lack of breathable air
[例] Children should never be left in cars alone because they could become trapped and smothered. 小孩子不应该被单独留在车中,因为他们很容易被困并且窒息死亡。
[近] asphyxiate, choke, stifle, strangle, suffocate
【考法2】vt. 抑制(表达、说出),压制:to refrain from openly showing or uttering
[例] He quickly smothered his inappropriate laughter at the funeral ceremony. 他很快就控制住了自己在葬礼上不适当的笑声。‖Management smothered the true facts of the case. 管理层隐瞒了案件的真相。
[近] bridle, check, choke, control, curb, muffle, quash, quell, repress, squelch, suppress
[反] unleash, vent(感情)爆发,宣泄;express 表达
symbol: ['smʌðər]
zhuji: 【记】读：s死，mother－使窒息
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position: (23, 6)

正面: smug
definition: 【考法1】adj. 自大的,自鸣得意的:having too high an opinion of oneself
[例] The winner was so smug that he lost the support of the crowd. 胜利者过于自大,失去了群众的支持。
[近] complacent, egoistic, overweening, pompous, proud, self-satisfied, vain
[反] egoless, humble, modest 谦逊的
【考法2】adj. 整洁的,有序的:being clean and in good order
[例] The suburb's smug lawns and tree-lined streets bespeak a comfortable affluence. 郊区整齐有序的草坪和种满树木的街道体现出那里生活的舒适和丰富。
[近] dapper, kempt, orderly, shipshape, spruce, tidy, trim, uncluttered, well-groomed
[反] disheveled, disordered, messy, slovenly, unkempt, untidy 邋遢的,混乱的
symbol: [smʌg]
zhuji: 【记】s死在mug大杯子里面－因为太自命不凡了，喝得太高了。
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position: (23, 7)

正面: smuggling
definition: 【考法】n. 走私,私运:secret importation or exportation contrary to the law and especially without paying duties imposed by law
[例] He was arrested for smuggling drugs into the country. 他因为向境内走私毒品而被逮捕。
[近] bootlegging, contraband
symbol: ['smʌglɪŋ]
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position: (23, 7)

正面: snare
definition: 【考法1】n. 无法逃脱的困境:something that catches and holds
[例] Someday you'll find that your lies are a snare from which you can't escape. 总有一天你会发现,你所说过的谎话都会变成你无法逃脱的困境。‖caught in the snare of drug addiction 处于吸毒上瘾的困境之中
[近] entanglement, mesh, morass, net, noose, quagmire, quicksand, toil, trap
【考法2】vt. 捕捉:to capture by or as if by use of a snare
[例] They snared a rabbit earlier in the day. 今天的早些时候他们捕获了一只兔子。‖The car salesman successfully snared three potential customers. 汽车销售员成功地让三个潜在客户上钩了。
[近] catch, enmesh, ensnare, ensnarl, entrap, tangle
[反] disentangle 解开;free, liberate 释放
symbol: [sner]
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position: (23, 7)

正面: snarl
definition: 【考法1】v. 纠缠,纠结:to twist together into a usually confused mass
[例] You'll be awfully sorry if you snarl your fishing line. 要是你把渔网给缠在一起,你肯定会非常后悔的。‖The new regulation has succeeded in nothing but snarling up rush-hour traffic throughout the city. 新的政策将全城高峰时期的交通变得更为复杂难解。
[近] entangle, ensnarl, interlace, intertwine, intertwist, interweave, knot, ravel, tangle
[反] disentangle, extricate, unravel, unsnarl, untwine, untwist 解开
【考法2】vi. 咆哮,怒吼:to give vent to anger in surly language
[例] She snarled at me after I kept badgering her with questions. 在我不断用问题骚扰她之后,她终于忍不住爆发了。
[近] bark, fulminate, rant, roar, scream, shout, storm, vent
[反] calm 冷静下来
symbol: [snɑ:rl]
zhuji: 【记】源于：snare罗网容易纠缠在一起
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position: (23, 7)

正面: sneer
definition: 【考法】vt.(轻蔑地)嘲笑:to speak in a scornful, contemptuous, or derisive manner
[例] They would invariably sneer every time they passed the hapless nerds. 每次经过那个不幸的书呆子身边时,他们总是会报以不变的嘲笑。
[近] deride, gibe, laugh, jeer, jibe, mock, ridicule
[反] esteem, honor, respect, revere, venerate 尊敬
symbol: [snɪr]
zhuji: 【记】sneak做事的人值得sneer。
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position: (23, 7)

正面: snobbish
definition: 【考法】adj. 谄上傲下的,自大的:being or characteristic of a person who has an offensive air of superiority and tends to ignore or disdain anyone regarded as inferior
[例] I expected her to be snobbish but she was warm and friendly. 我本以为她会是个自大的人,结果她非常热心和友好。
[近] aristocratic, bumptious, elitist, haughty, imperious, persnickety, pompous, presumptuous, supercilious
[反] egoless, humble, modest 谦逊的,不自大的
symbol: ['snɑ:bɪ∫]
zhuji: 【记】snob（n 势利的人）崇拜nob（n 有钱人）。
zhuji3000: 【联】 s [是] + nob [nobile, 贵族] + - (b) ish [a.], 认为自己“是贵族的” → a. 自大的,谄上傲下的 [对上讨好,对下傲慢]
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position: (23, 7)

正面: snub
definition: 【考法】vt. 轻视,不理睬:to treat with contempt or neglect
[例] The snob in town always snubbed anyone she thought was beneath her. 镇上那个自命不凡的人总是对那些她认为不如她的人不屑一顾。
[近] contemn, disdain, disrespect, slight, look down
[反] esteem, honor, respect, revere, venerate 尊敬
symbol: [snʌb]
zhuji: 【记】读：死牛B！你怎么那么牛B呀，竟敢怠慢我！！
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position: (23, 7)

正面: soak
definition: 【考法】vt. 使…湿透:to make thoroughly wet or saturated by or as if by placing in liquid
[例] That downpour soaked my hair, and now I look like a sight. 那场大雨把我的头发淋湿了,所以我现在看起来格外滑稽。‖We ran for home as soon as the rain started, but our clothes still ended up soaked. 我们一发觉下雨就开始往家里跑,但我们的衣服还是湿透了。
[近] douse, drench, drown, impregnate, macerate, saturate, sodden, sop, souse, steep
[反] dehydrate, dry, desiccate 脱水;parch, sear, scorch 烤干,烧焦;wring 拧干
symbol: [soʊk]
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position: (23, 7)

正面: sober
definition: 【考法1】adj. 严肃的:marked by seriousness, gravity, or solemnity of conduct or character
[例] She made a sober reply to what was only a teasing comment. 她很严肃地回复了那个恶搞的评论。‖Illness is a sober reminder of our mortality. 疾病是死亡给我们发出的严肃警告。
[近] earnest, grave, humorless, sedate, severe, sober, solemn, staid, weighty
[反] facetious, flip, flippant, humorous, jesting, jocular, joking, playful 轻佻的,幽默有趣的
【考法2】adj. 节制的:given to or marked by restraint in the satisfaction of one's appetites
[例] The millionaire decided to live a sober life after bankruptcy. 那个百万富翁破产以后决定过有节制的生活。
[近] abstentious, abstinent, continent, self-denying, temperate
[反] hedonistic, licentious, self-indulgent, sensual, sybaritic, voluptuary 纵欲的,享乐主义的
【考法3】adj. 有理有据的:based on sound reasoning or information
[例] a sober assessment of the situation 关于局势有理有据的分析
[近] firm, informed, justified, levelheaded, logical, rational, reasonable, sensible, solid, valid, well-founded
[反] groundless, illogical, invalid, unfounded, uninformed, unjustified, unreasonable, unsound 没有道理的
symbol: ['soʊbər]
zhuji: 【记】读：骚吧－风骚的女人不会有节制和严肃的举止。
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position: (23, 7)

正面: sodden
definition: 【考法1】adj. 湿透的:containing, covered with, or thoroughly penetrated by water
[例] We stripped off our sodden clothes and wrung them dry. 我们脱下湿透了的衣服并将它们拧干。
[近] awash, bathed, doused, drenched, logged, saturated, soaked, watered, waterlogged
[反] arid, dry干燥的
【考法2】vt. 使…湿透:to wet thoroughly with liquid
[例] Soldiers' boots were soddened by endless hours in muddy trenches. 长时间身处泥泞的战壕使得士兵的靴子湿透了。
[近] douse, drench, drown, impregnate, macerate, saturate, soak, sop, souse, steep
[反] dehydrate, dry, desiccate 脱水;parch, sear, scorch 烤干,烧焦;wring 拧干
symbol: ['sɑ:dn]
zhuji: 【记】sod（n 草地）；den（n 窝；兽穴）：草地和兽穴都很湿润。
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position: (23, 7)

正面: solace
definition: 【考法1】n. 安慰:comfort in sorrow, misfortune, or distress
[例] The kind words brought a little solace to the grieving widow. 这些同情的话语给痛苦的寡妇带来了些许安慰。
[近] consolation, relief
【考法2】vt. 安慰,安抚:to comfort, cheer, or console, as in trouble or sorrow
[例] I did my best to solace those bereaved children. 我尽力去安抚那些失去双亲的孩子们。
[近] cheer, comfort, console, soothe
[反] agonize, distress, harrow, torment, torture, trouble 使痛苦,折磨
symbol: ['sɑ:ləs]
zhuji: 【记】so，lace（n 蕾丝花边）：用蕾丝花边安慰你女友受伤的心灵。
zhuji3000: 【根】 sol [comfort] + -ace [n.&v.] → n. 安慰v. 安慰,安抚
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position: (23, 8)

正面: solder
definition: 【考法】v. 连接,联合:to join or unite
[例] Wires are soldered onto the circuit board. 电线被焊接在电路板上。‖The agreement soldered the factions into an alliance. 两个派系因这份协议而结成同盟。
[近] associate, coalesce, combine, conjoin, conjugate, connect, couple, fuse, interfuse, join, link, marry, unify
[反] disassociate, disconnect, disjoin, divide, sever, split, sunder 分开
symbol: ['sɑ:dər]
zhuji: 【记】源于：solid（n 固体；adj 固体的；坚固的）由solder形成。Soldier（n 士兵）solder自己的枪。
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position: (23, 8)

正面: solemnity
definition: 【考法】n. 庄严,严肃:the quality or condition of being solemn
[例] Solemnity is a trick of the body to hide the fault of the mind. 一本正经的态度是肉体为了掩饰精神上的缺陷而耍的花招。‖The coronation ceremony requires absolute solemnity. 加冕典礼需要绝对的庄严肃穆。
[近] earnest, graveness, gravity, intentness, seriousness, sobriety, solemnness, staidness
[反] facetiousness, flightiness, flippancy, frivolity, frivolousness, levity, lightheartedness, play 轻佻,欢快
symbol: [sə'lemnəti]
zhuji: 【记】solemn（adj 庄严的；严肃的）
zhuji3000: 【记】 solemn [庄严的,严肃的] (音似“所罗门 [以色列历史上的一位国王]”) 的名词形式 → n. 庄严,严肃
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position: (23, 8)

正面: solicitous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 为他人操心的,体谅他人的:given to or made with heedful anticipation of the needs and happiness of others
[例] The solicitous husband had already cleaned the house and cooked dinner by the time his wife returned home from work. 这个十分体谅妻子的好丈夫在他妻子回家之前就把家里清理干净,还把晚餐都做好了。
[近] attentive, considerate, kind
[反] heedless, inconsiderate, thoughtless, unthinking 不关心的
[派] solicitude n. 关切,挂念
【考法2】adj. 迫切的,渴望的:showing urgent desire or interest
[例] The family is solicitous to put this whole unfortunate affair behind them and to move on with their lives. 这个家庭迫切希望能忘记那些不幸的事情,开始崭新的生活。
[近] agog, anxious, ardent, avid, desirous, eager, enthusiastic, greedy, hungry, keen, thirsty, voracious, wild
[反] apathetic, indifferent, uneager, unenthusiastic 无所谓的
symbol: [sə'lɪsɪtəs]
zhuji: 【记】源于：solicit（v 恳求），sol孤独，唯一，lic引出：因为孤独要引出你帮助他做事－恳求你，期望你。
zhuji3000: 【记】 sol [entire] + i + cit [arouse] + -ous [a.], (为某事物) 将 (注意力、精力等) “全部引出” → a. 迫切的,渴望的;特指为某人将注意力“全部引出” → a. 为他人操心的,体谅他人的
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position: (23, 8)

正面: solid
definition: 【考法1】adj. 固态的,坚固的:having a consistency that does not easily yield to pressure
[例] The ice cream is too solid to scoop right now. 冰淇淋现在太硬了,根本舀不动。
[近] compact, hard, rigid, stiff, unyielding
[反] flabby, soft, spongy, squashy, squishy 柔软的,容易挤压的
【考法2】adj. 有理有据的:based on sound reasoning or information
[例] the only solid conclusion that the jury could have reached 陪审团唯一可能做出的合理结论
[近] firm, informed, justified, levelheaded, logical, rational, reasonable, sensible, sober, valid, well-founded
[反] groundless, illogical, invalid, unfounded, uninformed, unjustified, unreasonable, unsound 没有道理的
【考法3】adj. 坚定的,不迟疑的:not showing weakness or uncertainty
[例] Some people see a solid handshake as a sign of strong character. 有人认为握手毫不迟疑的人有着很强势的性格。
[近] forceful, hearty, iron, lusty, robust, stout, strong, sturdy, vigorous
[反] uncertain, weak 迟疑的,软弱的
[派] solidify vt. 使固化
symbol: ['sɑ:lɪd]
zhuji3000: 【记】 solid [n. 固体] → a. 固态的,坚固的;固体结实,推理“结实” → a. 有理有据的;信念“结实” → a. 坚定的,不迟疑的
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position: (23, 8)

正面: soliloquy
definition: 【考法】n.(尤指自言自语的)独白:a dramatic or literary form of discourse in which a character talks to himself or herself or reveals his or her thoughts without addressing a listener
[例] A soliloquy always reveals the character's thoughts and feelings. 一段独白经常反映出人物的思想和感情。
[近] monologue
[反] chorus, ensemble 合唱
symbol: [sə'lɪləkwi]
zhuji: 【记】soli惟一，loquy说－一人说话－独白
zhuji3000: 【根】 soli [alone] + loqu [speak] + -y [n.], speak alone → n. (尤指自言自语的) 独白
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position: (23, 8)

正面: solitude
definition: 【考法】n. 孤独,避世:the quality or state of being alone or remote from society
[例] He sought the kind of solitude where his thoughts would be his only companions. 他在寻找一种孤独感,只有他的思想陪伴着他。‖She wished to work on her novel in solitude. 她想一个人安静地完成小说。
[近] aloneness, insulation, privacy, seclusion, segregation, separateness, sequestration, solitariness
[反] camaraderie, companionship, company, comradeship, fellowship, society 陪伴
symbol: ['sɑ:lətu:d]
zhuji: 【记】sol＝sole孤独，itude表示状态
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position: (23, 8)

正面: solvent
definition: 【考法1】adj. 有偿付能力的:able to pay all legal debts
[例] They're going to have to prove that the company is now solvent. 接下来他们必须要证明公司的偿贷能力。
[反] bankrupt 破产的
【考法2】n. 溶剂:a substance in which another substance is dissolved, forming a solution
[例] Some organic solvents, such as benzene, pyridine, furan, are poisonous to human's reproductive system. 一些有机溶剂(比如苯、吡啶、呋喃)对人体的生殖系统有毒性。
[反] solute 溶质
symbol: ['sɑ:lvənt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 solv [loosen] + -ent [a.&n.], “loosen debts”, 解开 (债务的束缚) → a. 有偿付能力的;使另一种物质“松开”,分散开 (溶质) → n. 溶剂
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position: (23, 8)

正面: somatic
definition: 【考法】adj. 肉体的:of the body, especially as distinguished from a body part, the mind, or the environment
[例] a somatic disorder that was once thought to be“all in the patient's head”曾被认为“全是病人头脑中的问题”的生理机能紊乱
[近] animal, bodily, carnal, corporal, corporeal, fleshly, material, physical
[反] mental, spiritual 精神上的;nonmaterial, nonphysical 非肉体的
symbol: [sə'mætɪk]
zhuji: 【记】som＝some有肉体的意思
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position: (23, 8)

正面: somber
definition: 【考法1】adj. 昏暗的,无光的:so shaded as to be dark and gloomy
[例] The prison's somber interrogation room has the desired effect of striking fear and despair into the prisoner. 牢房中阴暗的问讯间有着能让囚犯感到恐惧和绝望的效果。
[近] black, caliginous, dark, dim, gloomy, lightless, murky, obscure, pitch-dark, rayless, stygian
[反] bright, brilliant, illuminated, lit, lightsome, lucent, lucid, luminous 光亮的
【考法2】adj. 悲伤的,不愉快的:causing or marked by an atmosphere lacking in cheer
[例] Her death put us in a somber mood. 她的死让我们陷入了悲伤沮丧的情绪之中。
[近] depressing, dire, dismal, funereal, lugubrious, melancholy, miserable, morbid, morose, saturnine, sullen
[反] cheerful, delighted, festive, gay, jocund, jovial 快乐的
symbol: ['sɑ:mbər]
zhuji: 【记】读：三本。家家有本难念的经，你们家有三本难念的经－忧郁的
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position: (23, 8)

正面: somnolence
definition: 【考法】n. 瞌睡,嗜睡:the quality or state of desiring or needing sleep
[例] Somnolence is likely to be the most typical reaction to this novel. 读这部小说最典型的感受就是想睡觉。
[近] doziness, drowsiness
[反] insomnia, sleeplessness, wakefulness 失眠
symbol: ['sɑ:mnələns]
zhuji: 【记】somn睡；参：insomnia（n 失眠症）som身体，no没了，lence：在睡觉的状态下感觉不到身体。
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position: (23, 9)

正面: sonnet
definition: 【考法】n. 十四行诗:a 14-line verse form usually having one of several conventional rhyme schemes
[例] a sonnet that celebrates love 一首歌颂爱情的十四行诗
[反] doggerel 幽默不正式的诗,打油诗
symbol: ['sɑ:nɪt]
zhuji: 【记】son声音，net网（古代的网有横7竖7组成）－14行声音的诗
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position: (23, 9)

正面: soothe
definition: 【考法1】vt. 带来慰藉,安慰:to bring comfort, solace, or reassurance to
[例] There seemed to be no words sufficient to soothe the widow. 任何话语好像都不足以安慰这个寡妇。
[近] cheer, comfort, console, solace
[反] agonize, distress, harrow, torment, torture, trouble 使痛苦,折磨
【考法2】vt. 使镇静,使安心:to free from distress or disturbance
[例] He took her in his arms and soothed her. 他把她抱在怀中以让她镇静下来。
[近] becalm, compose, lull, lullaby, quiet, quieten, salve, settle, still, tranquilize
[反] agitate, discompose, disquiet, disturb, perturb, upset, vex 打扰,使不安
【考法3】vt. 弱化,缓解:to make more bearable or less severe
[例] Hot tea with honey will soothe a sore throat. 加了蜂蜜的热茶可以缓解喉咙的酸痛。
[近] abate, allay, alleviate, assuage, ease, mitigate, mollify, palliate, relieve, soften
[反] aggravate, exacerbate, intensify 恶化
symbol: [su:ð]
zhuji: 【记】读：速死－要想速死就得吃安眠药，它可以起到soothe的作用。读：酥死－浑身酥软而死－因为被抚慰过分了
zhuji3000: 【联】 读音“舒适” → v. 带来慰藉,安慰;使镇静,使安心;弱化,缓解
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position: (23, 9)

正面: sop
definition: 【考法1】n. 安慰物:something yielded to placate or soothe
[例] provide with the salary raise as a sop 提高工资作为安慰
[近] balm, emollient, placebo, salve, unguent
[反] irritant, stimulant 刺激物
【考法2】n. 贿赂,回扣:something given or promised in order to improperly influence a person's conduct or decision
[例] As a sop to the teachers' union for supporting his reelection campaign, the mayor promised to push for the abolition of the residency requirement. 市长答应推动废除获得绿卡的限制条件,以此作为换取选举中教师联盟支持的条件。
[近] backhander, boodle, cumshaw, fix
【考法3】vt. 浸湿,湿透:to wet thoroughly
[例] My book fell in the swimming pool and was thoroughly sopped before I could fish it out. 我的书掉进了游泳池,在我把它捞出来之前已经彻底湿透了。
[近] douse, drench, drown, impregnate, macerate, saturate, soak, sodden, souse, steep
[反] dehydrate, dry, desiccate 脱水;parch, sear, scorch 烤干,烧焦;wring 拧干
symbol: [sɑ:p]
zhuji: 【记】源于：sip（v 吸吮）－浸泡湿润
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position: (23, 9)

正面: sophism
definition: 【考法】n. 假推理,诡辩:deceptive or fallacious argumentation
[例] Political selection is more dependent on sophism and less on economic literacy. 政治选举更多的是依靠诡辩,而非简练的文笔。
[近] sophistry
symbol: ['sɑ:fɪzəm]
zhuji: 【记】soph聪明的，明智的
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position: (23, 9)

正面: sophisticated
definition: 【考法1】adj. 精明的,老于世故的:having acquired worldly knowledge or refinement; lacking natural simplicity or naiveté
[例] On the train I met a surprisingly sophisticated and widely traveled child. 在火车上我见到了一个老练得让人惊讶的、见多识广的孩子。
[近] cosmopolitan, debonair, knowing, smart, suave, urbane, worldly
[反] guileless, ingenuous, innocent, naïve 天真的
【考法2】adj. 复杂的:very complex or complicated
[例] a very sophisticated machine that is a marvel of modern design 一个十分复杂的机器,是现代设计的最高成就
[近] baroque, byzantine, complicated, convoluted, elaborate, intricate, involved, knotty, labyrinthine, tangled
[反] plain, simple 简单的
[派] sophistication n. 精明;复杂
symbol: [sə'fɪstɪkeɪtɪd]
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position: (23, 9)

正面: soporific
definition: 【考法1】n. 催眠的药剂,安眠药:a drug or other substance that induces sleep
[例] Alcohol is a poor soporific because it disturbs sleep patterns, and so can worsen sleep disorders. 酒精是一种欠佳的安眠药,因为它会干扰睡眠的固定模式,从而恶化睡眠紊乱的情况。
[近] hypnotic
[反] stimulant 兴奋剂
【考法2】adj. 催眠的:causing or tending to cause sleep
[例] This medication is soporific, so do not drive after taking it. 这种药物是催眠的,服用之后切忌开车。‖the soporific heat of summer 夏日里催人欲睡的炎热
[近] narcotic, opiate, slumberous, somniferous, somnolent
[反] arousing, waking, invigorating, stimulating 刺激性的
【考法3】adj. 慵懒的,困倦的:of, relating to, or marked by sleepiness or lethargy
[例] A big lunch always makes me soporific in the afternoon. 中午一顿大餐总是让我下午感到困倦。
[近] dozy, drowsy, sleepy
[反] awake, conscious, wakeful 清醒的;alert 警醒的;sleepless, insomniac 无法入睡的
symbol: [ˌsɑ:pə'rɪfɪk]
zhuji: 【记】使用sop（安慰剂）过分就会sopor（n 昏睡）so，por＝poor，ific：太穷了，没钱买吃的，所以－昏昏欲睡的
zhuji3000: 【根】 sopor [sleep] + i + fic [make], make...sleep → n.催眠的药剂,安眠药 a. 催眠的;慵懒的,困倦的
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position: (23, 9)

正面: sordid
definition: 【考法1】adj. 肮脏的,不干净的:not clean
[例] I will not let my children grow up in such a sordid environment. 我绝不会让我的孩子在这样一个肮脏的环境之中成长。
[近] besmirched, dirty, dusty, filthy, foul, grubby, muddy, nasty, smudged, soiled, stained, sullied, unclean
[反] clean, immaculate, spotless, stainless, unsoiled, unstained, unsullied 干净的
【考法2】adj. 卑鄙的:marked by baseness or grossness
[近] Behind his generous donation were sordid motives. 在他慷慨捐资的背后有着卑鄙的动机。
[近] base, contemptible, despicable, detestable, dishonorable, execrable, ignominious, mean, vile, wretched
[反] honorable, lofty, noble, straight, upright, venerable, virtuous高尚的,值得尊敬的
symbol: ['sɔ:rdɪd]
zhuji: 【记】读：搔did－骚人做的事－勾引别人的老公－肮脏的，卑鄙的
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position: (23, 9)

正面: sound
definition: 【考法1】adj. 牢固的,不可动摇的:marked by the ability to withstand stress without structural damage or distortion
[例] The bridge is structurally sound. 这座大桥在结构上是稳固的。
[近] bombproof, fast, firm, stalwart, strong, sturdy
[反] ramshackle 摇摇欲坠的;rickety, unstable, unsteady 不稳定的
【考法2】adj. 健康的,强壮的:free from injury or disease; exhibiting normal health
[例] The horse is getting old, but still perfectly sound. 虽然在变老,但这匹马依然相当健康。
[近] bouncing, fit, hale, healthy, hearty, robust, well, well-conditioned, wholesome
[反] ailing, diseased, ill, sick 生病的;decrepit, enfeebled, feeble, infirm 虚弱的
【考法3】adj.(逻辑上)严谨的:based on valid reasoning
[例] Sound reasoning alone should tell you that the result is invalid. 从纯粹严谨的逻辑演绎出发,这个结论是不正确的。
[近] analytic, coherent, consequent, rational, reasonable, sensible, valid, well-founded, well-grounded
[反] illegitimate, illogical, incoherent, inconsequent, invalid, irrational, unreasonable, unsound, weak(逻辑上)站不住脚的
[派] soundness n.(逻辑上的)无瑕疵
symbol: [saʊnd]
zhuji3000: 【记】 作为形容词,与声音无关,含义是“not (easily) damaged”:(建筑物) a. 牢固的,不可动摇的;(身体) 健康的,强壮的;(推理) (逻辑上) 严谨的
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position: (23, 9)

正面: sparse
definition: 【考法】adj. 稀疏的,稀少的:less plentiful than what is normal, necessary, or desirable
[例] Many slopes are rock fields with sparse vegetation. 许多山坡都是不长植物的石坡。
[近] exiguous, meager, niggardly, poor, scant, scanty, scarce, skimpy, slender, slim, sparing, stingy
[反] abundant, ample, bountiful, copious, generous, liberal, plenteous, plentiful大量的,丰富的
symbol: [spɑ:rs]
zhuji: 【记】spar（v 拳击），se死：人都被拳击打死了－稀少的
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position: (23, 9)

正面: spartan
definition: 【考法】adj. 简朴的,节约的:marked by simplicity, frugality, or avoidance of luxury and comfort
[例] Accommodations on the windjammer are spartan but clean and comfortable nevertheless. 帆船上的装饰十分朴素,但是干净、舒适。
[近] austere, plain, simple, stark
[反] deluxe, luxurious, plush 奢华的
symbol: ['spɑ:rtn]
zhuji: 【记】源于古希腊军事重镇Sparta斯巴达，他们以简朴、守纪和语言简练闻名。
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position: (23, 10)

正面: spat
definition: 【考法】n.(小的)争吵:a brief petty quarrel or angry outburst
[例] Like any other couple, they have their spats. 像其他夫妻一样,他们也会有争执。‖They were typical sisters, spatting one minute, playing together the next. 她们是典型的姐妹:上一分钟还在吵架,下一分钟就又玩在一起了。
[近] altercation, controversy, disagreement, dispute, imbroglio, quarrel, squabble, tiff, wrangle
[反] amity, concord, harmony, rapport, rapprochement 和睦,友好
symbol: [spæt]
zhuji: 【记】原指雨点的劈啪声，是个象声词，引申为小口角的声音。
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position: (23, 10)

正面: spate
definition: 【考法1】n. 突发的洪水:sudden flood
[近] bath, deluge, flood, inundation, overflow, torrent
[反] drought 干旱
【考法2】n. 大量:a large number or amount
[例] a spate of books about GRE 很多关于GRE的书
[近] abundance, bundle, dozen, multiplicity, myriad, plentitude, profusion, scad, shipload, slew, volume, wealth
[反] ace, bit, driblet, glimmer, handful, hint, mite, mouthful, nip, ounce, pittance, sprinkle, trace 少量
symbol: [speɪt]
zhuji: 【记】spat小口角，e饿了：两个人发生小口角，互相喷吐沫，喷的都饿了，说明喷得比较狠，形成洪水。
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position: (23, 10)

正面: specific
definition: 【考法1】adj. 特有的,独特的:of a particular or exact sort
[例] We need a specific type of pen to sign the diplomas. 我们需要一种特制的笔来签署学位证书。
[近] concrete, distinct, especial, peculiar, precise, special, unique
[反] general, generic, universal 普遍的
【考法2】adj. 明确的:so clearly expressed as to leave no doubt about the meaning
[例] specific instructions regarding the interrogation of prisoners 有关如何审问犯人的明确指示
[近] clear, definite, definitive, explicit, express, unambiguous, unequivocal, univocal
[反] ambiguous, equivocal, implicit, indefinite, inexplicit, unspecific, vague 模糊的
symbol: [spə'sɪfɪk]
zhuji3000: 【根】 speci (al) + fic [make], make special → a. 特有的,独特的;明确的
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position: (23, 10)

正面: specious
definition: 【考法】adj. 似是而非的,欺骗性的:having a false look of truth or genuineness
[例] a specious argument that really does not stand up under close examination 经不起仔细推敲的论证
[近] beguiling, deceitful, deceiving, deluding, delusive, delusory, fallacious, false, misleading
[反] aboveboard, forthright, straightforward 明确的
symbol: ['spi:∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】spec看，ious－看着还行，实际不行－似是而非的
zhuji3000: 【根】 spec [spect, look] + -ious [a.], 看起来 (对) 的 → a. 似是而非的,欺骗性的
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position: (23, 10)

正面: speck
definition: 【考法】n. 小点,少量:a very small amount: bit
[例] She writes without even a speck of humor. 她字里行间一点幽默感也没有。
[近] ace, bit, driblet, glimmer, handful, hint, mite, mouthful, nip, ounce, pittance, sprinkle, trace
[反] abundance, bundle, dozen, multiplicity, myriad, plentitude, profusion, scad, shipload, slew, volume, wealth 大量
symbol: [spek]
zhuji: 【记】源于：peck（n /v 啄痕）就是一点一点的吃－少量pec根：少量；参：peccadillo（n 轻罪；小过失）
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position: (23, 10)

正面: spectator
definition: 【考法】n. 观众,目击者,旁观者:one who looks on or watches
[例] join the organization as a temporary spectator 作为短期观察员加入该组织‖The accident attracted a large crowd of spectators. 事故引来了大量的围观群众。
[近] bystander, observer, onlooker, viewer, watcher
[反] actor, performer, player 表演者
symbol: ['spekteɪtər]
zhuji3000: 【根】 spect [look] + at + -or [n.], 看的人 → n. 观众,目击者,旁观者
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position: (23, 10)

正面: spectrum
definition: 【考法】n. 光谱;范围,系列:a broad sequence or range of related qualities, ideas, or activities
[例] the whole spectrum of 20th-century thought 20世纪所有不同的思潮‖A political spectrum is a way of modeling different political positions by placing them upon one or more geometric axes symbolizing independent political dimensions. 所谓的政治光谱是一种将不同的政治立场可视化的模型,它通过一条或者多条几何坐标轴来定位不同的政治态度。
[近] diapason, gamut, scale, spread, stretch
symbol: ['spektrəm]
zhuji: 【记】spect看，rum－看到颜色－光谱
zhuji3000: 【记】 spectrum [n. 光谱;范围,系列] 的字面含义是“所观测 [spect] 到的 (所有颜色和颜色的分布)”。一束光通过棱镜等装置形成一条“可见 [spect] 的彩带”,上面由红到紫排列着一系列颜色,例如阳光被水滴色散后形成的彩虹。这种颜色上的分布被称为光谱。
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position: (23, 10)

正面: speculate
definition: 【考法1】v. 推测,揣测:to take to be true on the basis of insufficient evidence
[例] I speculate that someone has been using this cabin as a trysting place. 我猜测有情侣把这个小屋当做他们幽会的地方。
[近] assume, conjecture, daresay, imagine, presume, speculate, suppose, surmise, suspect
[反] prove, substantiate, validate 证明
【考法2】vi. 投机倒卖:to buy or sell in expectation of profiting from market fluctuations
[例] speculate on the oil market 在石油市场上投机倒卖
symbol: ['spekjuleɪt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 spec [spect, look] + ul + -ate [v.], look (what is covered or invisible) → v. 推测,揣测;看 (商机) → vi. 投机倒卖
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position: (23, 10)

正面: spendthrift
definition: 【考法1】n. 挥霍者,败家子:a person who spends improvidently or wastefully
[例] The spendthrift managed to blow all of his inheritance in a single year. 这个败家子只用了一年就把自己继承的遗产挥霍一空。
[近] fritterer, profligate, spender, squanderer, waster, wastrel
[反] economizer, penny-pincher 节约的人;hoarder, miser, niggard 吝啬鬼
【考法2】adj. 挥霍的,不节俭的:given to spending money freely or foolishly
[例] Spendthrift consumers amassed a mountain of debt on their credit cards. 那些爱挥霍财富的消费者们在他们的信用卡上累积了一大笔债务。
[近] extravagant, improvident, squandering, thriftless, unthrifty, wasteful
[反] conserving, economical, frugal, penny-pinching, provident, scrimping, skimping, thrifty 节俭的
The supreme happiness of life is the conviction that we are loved.
生活中最大的幸福是坚信有人爱我们。
——法国小说家 雨果(Victor Hugo, French novelist)
录入院校:Harvard University Asia Center)
symbol: ['spendθrɪft]
zhuji: 【记】spend花费，thrift节约－把节约的钱花掉－挥霍的
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position: (23, 10)

正面: spent
definition: 【考法】adj. 精疲力竭的:drained of energy or effectiveness
[例] After all that exertion, we were completely spent. 在完成所有的锻炼之后我们已是筋疲力尽。
[近] beaten, bleary, done, drained, enervate, exhausted, fatigued, jaded, prostrate, tired, wearied, worn-out
[反] active, energetic, invigorated, peppy, strengthened, strong, tireless, vitalized, weariless 充满活力的
symbol: [spent]
zhuji: 【记】spent是spend的过去式和过去分词，总是spend就会spent
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position: (24, 1)

正面: spindly
definition: 【考法】adj. 细长纤弱的:frail or flimsy in appearance or structure
[例] I prefer having rather spindly legs. 我更希望有一双细腿。
[近] gangling, gangly, lanky, spindling
[反] squat 矮胖的
symbol: ['spɪndli]
zhuji: 【记】源于：spin（v 旋转；纺织；n 旋转；纺锤）纺锤形状细长
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position: (24, 1)

正面: spiny
definition: 【考法1】adj. 多刺的:bearing spines, prickles, or thorns
[例] low spiny bushes of sage 低矮多刺的长满鼠尾草的灌木丛
[近] brambly, prickly, thorny
[反] even, flat, plane, smooth 平滑的
【考法2】adj. 棘手的,麻烦的:requiring exceptional skill or caution in performance or handling
[例] This promises to be a spiny problem to negotiate. 这有可能成为谈判过程中棘手的问题。
[近] catchy, delicate, difficult, knotty, problematic, sensitive, sticky, ticklish, thorny, tough, troublesome
[反] easy, effortless, manageable, painless, simple, straightforward, uncomplicated, undemanding 简单的
symbol: ['spaɪni]
zhuji: 【记】源于：spine（n 脊椎，刺）
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position: (24, 1)

正面: spleen
definition: 【考法】n. 怒气,怨恨:feelings of anger or ill will often suppressed
[例] She vented her spleen on her boyfriend and felt much better for having done so. 在她把怒气一股脑地倾泻到她男朋友身上之后,她感觉好多了。
[近] angriness, choler, furor, fury, indignation, ire, madness, outrage, rage, wrath
[反] delight, pleasure 高兴,愉悦
symbol: [spli:n]
zhuji: 【记】原指：脾－承担贮存血液、分解旧的血细胞、过滤血液中异物等功能，该器官一度被看作情绪的发源地－坏脾气读：死不吝－什么都不吝－坏脾气
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position: (24, 1)

正面: splice
definition: 【考法】vt. 接合,叠接:to unite(as two ropes)by interweaving the strands, or to join(as two pieces of film)at the ends
[例] He taught me to edit and splice film. 他教我如何剪辑和叠接胶卷。
[近] associate, coalesce, combine, conjoin, conjugate, connect, couple, fuse, interfuse, join, link, marry, unify
[反] disassociate, disconnect, disjoin, divide, sever, split, sunder 分开
symbol: [splaɪs]
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position: (24, 1)

正面: spontaneous
definition: 【考法】adj. 自发的,不经思索的:acting or activated without apparent thought or deliberation
[例] Hugging a crying child is simply a spontaneous reaction. 拥抱一个哭泣的小孩是很自然而然的反应。
[近] automatic, impulsive, instinctive, involuntary, mechanical, natural
[反] calculated, deliberate, intentional, planned, predetermined, premeditated, studied 有计划的,故意的
symbol: [spɑ:n'teɪniəs]
zhuji: 【记】源于：sponge（n 海绵）可以自发的恢复形状。
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position: (24, 1)

正面: spoof
definition: 【考法1】n. 轻松幽默的模仿,小恶搞:a work that imitates and exaggerates another work for comic effect
[例] Many viewers thought that the spoof of a television newscast was the real thing. 许多观众认为这则新闻报道被恶搞之后的作品才是真实的东西。
[近] burlesque, caricature, mimicking, parody, travesty
【考法2】v. 诱骗,诱使相信:to cause to believe what is untrue
[例] The public was spoofed by a supposedly plausible report of a UFO encounter. 一个听起来真实的UFO遭遇报告欺骗了大众。
[近] beguile, cozen, delude, dupe, fool, hoax, misguide, misinform, mislead, trick
[反] disabuse, disenchant, disillusion, undeceive 使醒悟
symbol: [spu:f]
zhuji: 【记】源于：俄国喜剧家斯布夫Spoof，他发明了Spoof喜剧，喜剧演员在电视剧里表演滑稽讽刺剧，包括打趣和滑稽言辞。
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position: (24, 1)

正面: sporadic
definition: 【考法】adj. 偶尔的,零星发生的:not often occurring or repeated
[例] On the whole, situation has significantly improved with only sporadic disturbances. 总体而言,局势得到了明显的改善,现在只有偶尔发生的骚乱。
[近] few, infrequent, occasional, odd, rare, scarce, seldom, uncommon
[反] frequent, habitual, repeated 时常发生的
symbol: [spə'rædɪk]
zhuji: 【记】spor＝sper发散，散发，adic：发散的－不定期的
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position: (24, 1)

正面: sprawl
definition: 【考法】v. 杂乱无序地发展;蔓生,蔓延:to grow, develop, or spread irregularly and without apparent design or plan
[例] The city sprawls down the whole coast. 城市顺着整条海岸线蔓延。
[近] ramble, scramble, straddle
[派] sprawling adj. 蔓延的,不规则伸展的
symbol: [sprɔ:l]
zhuji: 【记】源于：crawl（n /v 爬）－懒散的趴在地上－舒展四肢坐、躺
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position: (24, 1)

正面: sprightly
definition: 【考法】adj. 活泼的,充满活力的:full of spirit and vitality
[例] He was deeply impressed by the sprightly Gypsy dance. 活力四射的吉普赛舞蹈给他留下了深刻印象。
[近] active, airy, animated, brisk, energetic, frisky, gay, jaunty, kinetic, mettlesome, racy, spirited, vital, vivacious
[反] dead, inactive, inanimate, lackadaisical, languid, languishing, leaden, lifeless, listless, spiritless, vapid没精神的
symbol: ['spraɪtli]
zhuji: 【记】spring＋brightly＝明快的春天，我们会愉快活泼的
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position: (24, 1)

正面: spur
definition: 【考法1】n. 刺激物:something that arouses action or activity
[例] The threat of losing its only sports franchise was the spur the city council needed to finally do something about the rising crime rate. 有可能失去唯一的体育赛事举办权,这成为了促使市政府决定就攀升的犯罪率采取相关措施的因素。
[近] boost, catalyst, impetus, incentive, incitement, instigation, momentum, motivation, provocation, stimulus
[反] deterrent, disincentive 阻碍物
【考法2】n. 支撑物:a structure that holds up or serves as a foundation for something else
[例] a weak wall that might need a spur 一面或许需要支撑的墙
[近] brace, buttress, mount, prop, reinforcement, shore, underpinning
【考法3】vt. 刺激,激励:to incite or stimulate
[例] Appreciation spurred his ambition. 赞扬激起了他的雄心壮志。
[近] arouse, excite, exhort, goad, instigate, prod, stir, urge
[反] bridle, check, constrain, curb, deter, fetter, hamper, inhibit, manacle, shackle 制止,阻碍,束缚
symbol: [spɜ:r]
zhuji3000: 【源】 踢马刺 [一种尖状物,骑士用来刺马,以催促前进] → n. 刺激物 v. 刺激,激励
【联】 sprint [n. 短跑,冲刺跑,或看成spring,跳跃] + urge [v. 催促],“催促全速跑” → 刺激 (物)
[注] spurn [spɜːrn] [v. 摒弃,拒绝] 与spur同源,表示“用踢马刺 (一脚踢开)”,即“摒弃, 唾弃”,可以看成“spur [用踢马刺] negatively [消极地] 踢开”。
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position: (24, 2)

正面: spurious
definition: 【考法】adj. 假的,伪造的:lacking authenticity or validity in essence or origin; not genuine
[例] In statistics, a spurious relationship is a mathematical relationship in which two events or variables have no direct causal connection, but it may be wrongly inferred that they do, due to either coincidence or the presence of a certain third, unseen factor. 在统计学中,“伪相关关系”是两个不存在因果关联的事件或变量,因为巧合或是不可见的第三方因素,而被误判为存在因果联系。
[近] apocryphal, bogus, counterfeit, fake, forged, phony, sham
[反] authentic, bona fide, genuine, real 真实的
[派] spuriously adv. 伪造地,虚假地
symbol: ['spjʊriəs]
zhuji: 【记】spur马刺，ious多：很多马刺里肯定有假的。
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position: (24, 2)

正面: spurn
definition: 【考法】vt. 摈弃,拒绝:to reject with disdain or contempt
[例] They spurned his recommendation. 他们拒绝了他的推荐。‖Fiercely independent, the elderly couple spurned all offers of financial help. 这对老夫妻极其独立,回绝了所有经济援助。
[近] decline, disapprove, negative, refuse, reject, reprobate, repudiate
[反] accede, accept, agree, approve, assent, consent, embrace 同意,接受
[派] spurned adj. 被摒弃的,被拒绝的
symbol: [spɜ:rn]
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position: (24, 2)

正面: squabble
definition: 【考法】n. 口角,小争吵:a noisy quarrel, usually about a trivial matter
[例] a brief squabble over what to do next 关于接下来该做什么发生了争吵
[近] altercation, argument, controversy, disagreement, dispute, imbroglio, quarrel, spat, skirmish, wrangle
[反] harmony 和谐
symbol: ['skwɑ:bl]
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position: (24, 2)

正面: squalid
definition: 【考法1】adj. 污秽的,肮脏的:dirty and wretched
[例] The migrants have been living in squalid conditions. 移民们一直生存在肮脏的条件下。
[近] black, dirty, filthy, foul, impure, nasty, slipshod, slovenly, unclean
[反] clean, immaculate, spotless, unsoiled, unsullied 干净的
【考法2】adj. 道德败坏的:morally repulsive
[例] the squalid atmosphere of intrigue and betrayal 充满了阴谋与背叛的不正之风
[近] base, despicable, ignoble, scurvy, sordid, vile, wretched
[反] moral, noble 品格高尚的
symbol: ['skwɑ:lɪd]
zhuji: 【记】读：死锅里的－死在锅里的蟑螂－肮脏的
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position: (24, 2)

正面: squall
definition: 【考法1】n.(通常伴随着雨或雪的)风暴,暴风雪,暴风雨:a brief, sudden, violent windstorm, often accompanied by rain or snow
[例] A snow squall is expected tonight. 今晚预计有暴风雪。
[近] blizzard, hailstorm, snowstorm, tempest
【考法2】v. 尖叫:to scream or cry loudly and harshly
[例] The baby squalled in pain. 婴儿因为疼痛而大叫。
[近] cry, howl, screech, shout, shriek, shrill, squeal, thunder, yelp, yell
[反] murmur, mutter, whisper 低声细语
symbol: [skwɔ:l]
zhuji: 【记】squ压，all：镇压所有人的东西－骚动，风暴
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position: (24, 2)

正面: squander
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使分散:to cause(members of a group)to move widely apart
[例] A single blast of the shotgun squandered the herd of deer. 猎枪的一声枪响让鹿群四处逃窜。
[近] disband, dispel, disperse
[反] assemble, cluster, collect, concentrate, congregate, gather, ingather 使聚集,使集中
【考法2】vt. 浪费:to spend wastefully or extravagantly
[例] He squandered his inheritance on women and gambling. 他把他继承的遗产浪费在女人和赌博上。
[近] blow, dissipate, fritter, lavish, misspend, waste
[反] conserve, husband 节约,节俭
[派] squandering adj. 浪费的
symbol: ['skwɑ:ndər]
zhuji: 【记】squ压，ander下：把筹码从老虎机的slot中压下去－挥霍
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position: (24, 2)

正面: squat
definition: 【考法】adj. 又矮又胖的:being compact and broad in build and often short in stature
[例] a squat but adroit craftsman 一个又胖又矮,但是手艺灵巧的工匠
[近] chunky, dumpy, heavyset, squatty, stocky, stout, stubby, stumpy, thickset
[反] gangling, lanky 瘦高的
symbol: [skwɑ:t]
zhuji: 【记】squ压，at：把他压扁－矮胖的
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position: (24, 2)

正面: squint
definition: 【考法】vi. 斜视,睥睨:to look or glance sideways
[例] The driver squinted as the sun hit his windshield. 阳光使得驾驶员不得不把眼睛偏向一边。
[近] leer
[反] gaze, goggle 直视
symbol: [skwɪnt]
zhuji: 【记】squ压，in，t他：把他的一支眼睛压进去－斜视
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position: (24, 2)

正面: squelch
definition: 【考法1】vt. 压制,镇压(运动):to put a stop to(something)by the use of force
[例] The authority tried to squelch the workers' protest. 政府试图镇压工人的抗议游行。
[近] crush, muffle, quell, repress, squash, subdue, suppress, crack down
[反] abet, aid, assist, back, help, support, prop up 支持,帮助
[派] squelcher n. 镇压者
【考法2】vt. 击溃,使无言以对:to put down or silence, as with a crushing retort
[例] His irritated glare squelched any other potential objectors. 他怒目而视,使得其他反对者都不敢说话。
[近] dumb, extinguish, mute, quiet, settle, still, shut up
[反] foment, incite, instigate, provoke, stir 激发,激起
symbol: [skwelt∫]
zhuji: 【记】squ压，elch：镇压
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position: (24, 2)

正面: stabilize
definition: 【考法】v. 使稳定;变得稳定:to make or become stable, steadfast, or firm
[例] a policy that intended to stabilize the situation in Iraq 一项旨在维护伊拉克局势稳定的政策‖The country's population has stabilized at 3.2 million. 这个国家的人口维持在三百二十万。
[近] ballast, poise, steady
[反] destabilize 使不稳定;overthrow, overturn, subvert 推翻,颠覆
[派] stability n. 稳定性
symbol: ['steɪbəlaɪz]
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position: (24, 3)

正面: stalwart
definition: 【考法1】adj. 无所畏惧的:feeling or displaying no fear by temperament
[例] The stalwart soldiers in the army of Alexander the Great, who willingly followed him to the ends of the known world. 亚历山大大帝军队中无所畏惧的士兵们愿意跟随亚历山大奔赴世界的尽头。
[近] bold, courageous, dauntless, fearless, gallant, intrepid, manful, stout, stouthearted, valiant, valorous
[反] cowardly, craven, fearful, gutless, nerveless, pusillanimous, spineless, spiritless, timorous 怯懦的
【考法2】adj.(体魄等)强健的:marked by outstanding strength and vigor of body, mind, or spirit
[例] a lithe yet stalwart athlete 身体轻柔但结实的运动员
[近] brawny, firm, muscular, rugged, sinewy, sound, stout, strong, sturdy
[反] delicate, feeble, frail, weak, wimpy 脆弱的
【考法3】adj. 坚定的:firm and resolute
[例] a stalwart supporter of the UN 联合国的坚定支持者
[近] adament, obstinate, unbending, willful
symbol: ['stɔ:lwərt]
zhuji: 【记】sta站，l像枪，war战争，t他：他站在那里拿着枪准备参加战争的样子是－坚定勇敢的，身体健壮的
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position: (24, 3)

正面: stamina
definition: 【考法】n. 耐力:physical or moral strength to resist or withstand illness, fatigue, or hardship
[例] A marathon challenges a runner's stamina. 马拉松挑战参赛者的耐力。
[近] endurance, tolerance
[反] frailty 脆弱
symbol: ['stæmɪnə]
zhuji: 【记】stam荷兰著名后卫斯塔姆，以耐力和结巴出众闻名。
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position: (24, 3)

正面: stammer
definition: 【考法】vi. 口吃,结巴:to speak with involuntary pauses or repetitions
[例] The frightened child started to stammer. 受到惊吓的小孩开始结巴地说话。
[近] falter, stutter
[反] articulate 清楚地说
symbol: ['stæmər]
zhuji: 【记】stam荷兰著名后卫斯塔姆，以耐力和结巴出众闻名。
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position: (24, 3)

正面: startle
definition: 【考法】vt. 使吓一跳,使大吃一惊:to frighten or surprise suddenly and usually not seriously
[例] They were startled at the prohibitive price. 他们被高得离谱的价格吓到了。
[近] amaze, astonish, astound, dumbfound, rock, scare, shock, stun, stupefy
[反] reassure 消除(恐惧或疑虑)
[派] startling adj. 惊人的
symbol: ['stɑ:rtl]
zhuji: 【记】star星星长出tle头－star头－使吃惊害怕得跳起
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position: (24, 3)

正面: static
definition: 【考法1】adj. 静态的;停滞的:characterized by a lack of movement, animation, or progression
[例] Both your pictures are of static subjects. 你的两张照片都是静物。‖a static economy 停滞不前的经济
[近] inactive, fixed, immobile, immotile, immovable, inert, stable, stagnant, stationary, still
[反] active, dynamic, lively, vibrant 充满活力的;mobile, movable 可移动的
【考法2】adj. 无改变的:showing little change
[例] a static population 没有变化的人口
[近] inflexible, invariable, rigid, stiff, steadfast
[反] capricious, changeful, fluid, mercurial, temperamental, versatile, volatile 容易变化的
[派] stasis n. 静止不变
symbol: ['stætɪk]
zhuji3000: 【根】 stat [stand] + -ic [a.], 站立 (不走) 的 → a. 静态的;停滞的;抽象引申 → a. 无改变的
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position: (24, 3)

正面: stature
definition: 【考法1】n. 高度,身高:natural height(as of a person)in an upright position
[例] a man of surprisingly great stature 拥有惊人身高的人
[近] altitude, elevation, inch
【考法2】n. 才干,水平:quality or status gained by growth, development, or achievement
[例] This club has grown in stature over the last 20 years. 过去二十年间里这家俱乐部的水平得到了提升。
[近] merit, quality, value, virtue, worth
symbol: ['stæt∫ər]
zhuji: 【记】stat站，ure－身高
zhuji3000: 【根】 stat [stand] + -ure [n.], (物理上) 站到的位置 → n.高度,身高;(能力上) 站到的位置 → n. 才干,水平
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position: (24, 3)

正面: steadfast
definition: 【考法】adj. 坚定的,忠诚的:firm in belief, determination, or adherence
[例] Her comrades remained steadfast despite brutal tortures. 尽管经受了残酷的折磨,她的同志们都依然坚定忠诚。
[近] constant, dedicated, devoted, devout, loyal, pious, staunch, steady, true-blue
[反] disloyal, perfidious, recreant, traitorous, treacherous, unfaithful 不忠的
symbol: ['stedfæst]
zhuji: 【记】stead＝stand站，fast（adj 牢的；忠实的）－忠实的；稳定的
zhuji3000: 【根】 stead [steady, 稳定的] + fast [紧紧的] → a. 坚定的,忠诚的
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position: (24, 3)

正面: stealth
definition: 【考法1】n. 秘密行动:the act or action of proceeding furtively, secretly, or imperceptibly
[例] Both sides advanced by stealth. 双方都隐秘地行军。
【考法2】adj. 秘密的:intended not to attract attention
[例] The SWAT team carried out a stealth raid on the house, which was believed to be harboring a terrorist cell. 特警们对这间被认为是恐怖分子老巢的房屋进行了秘密的突袭。
[近] backstairs, clandestine, covert, furtive, private, sneak, stealthy, surreptitious, undercover, underground
[反] open, overt, public 公开的,光明正大的
[派] stealthy adj. 秘密的,隐秘的
symbol: [stelθ]
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position: (24, 3)

正面: steep
definition: 【考法1】vt. 浸泡:to make thoroughly wet
[例] Steep the tea for five minutes. 浸泡茶叶五分钟。
[近] drench, drown, impregnate, macerate, saturate, sodden, sop, souse
[反] desiccate, dry, parch, sear 烘烤,烤干;wring 拧干
【考法2】adj. 陡峭的:having an incline approaching the perpendicular
[例] a very steep rock face that is nearly impossible to climb 一面非常陡峭、不可能攀爬的岩石
[近] abrupt, precipitate, sheer
[反] gradual 逐渐变化的;flat 平坦的
【考法3】adj. 过分的,过高的:going beyond a normal or acceptable limit in degree or amount
[例] We would like to hire him, but his salary demands are just too steep. 我们很想雇用他,可是他对于薪水的要求实在是太高了。
[近] exorbitant, extravagant, extreme, immoderate, inordinate, insane, lavish, overdue, overweening, plethoric, stiff
[反] moderate, modest, reasonable, temperate 适度的
symbol: [sti:p]
zhuji: 【记】从steep的悬崖上跳到下面的深谭中就steep了。
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position: (24, 3)

正面: stench
definition: 【考法】n. 臭气,恶臭:a strong, foul odor
[例] We finally discovered the dead rat that was causing the stench in the living room. 我们终于发现是死老鼠带来了卧室里的恶臭。
[近] fetor, funk, malodor, reek, stink
[反] aroma, fragrance, perfume, scent 香气
symbol: [stent∫]
zhuji: 【记】s死，ten十，ch吃：吃了它你就会死十次－粪便－臭气
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position: (24, 4)

正面: stentorian
definition: 【考法】adj. 声音洪亮的:extremely loud
[例] an tenor with a stentorian voice 拥有洪亮声音的男高音‖The professor's stentorian voice was enough to keep even the drowsiest student awake. 教授洪亮的声音足以使最困的学生保持清醒。
[近] blaring, blasting, clamorous, deafening, earsplitting, plangent, resounding, roaring, sonorous, thunderous
[反] gentle, low, soft 声音轻柔的
symbol: [sten'tɔ:riən]
zhuji: 【记】源于荷马叙事诗中声音宏亮的传令官斯坦特Stentor，他的声音极其洪亮。
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position: (24, 4)

正面: sterile
definition: 【考法1】adj. 贫瘠的:not productive or effective
[例] a sterile land which used to be a forest 曾经是森林的一块贫瘠土地
[近] barren, effete, fruitless, impotent, infertile
[反] verdant(因长满植物而)青翠的;fat, fertile, fruitful 肥沃的
【考法2】adj. 无菌的:free from live bacteria or other microorganisms
[例] The hospitals in the war-torn city often lack necessary drugs and sterile surgical supplies. 在这个被战争所蹂躏的城市中,医院里通常缺乏必需的药物和无菌手术用品。
[近] aseptic, germfree, hygienic
[反] insanitary, unhygienic 不卫生的;contaminated, polluted 受污染的
[派] sterilize v. 消毒,杀菌
symbol: ['sterəl]
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position: (24, 4)

正面: stickler
definition: 【考法】n. 坚持细节的人,一丝不苟的人:one who insists on exactness or completeness in the observance of something
[例] a stickler for perfection 完美主义者‖a stickler for neatness 有洁癖的人
[近] disciplinarian, pedant, purist, martinet
symbol: ['stɪklər]
zhuji: 【记】stickle（v 坚持己见）；stick（n 棍；v 粘住；坚持）
zhuji3000: 【联】 stick [坚持] + -le [小] + - (e) r [n. 人], 坚持小 (细节) 的人 → n. 坚持细节的人,一丝不苟的人
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position: (24, 4)

正面: stiff
definition: 【考法1】adj. 僵硬的,无法弯曲的:lacking in suppleness or flexibility
[例] a stiff cardboard packing box 不易弯折的硬纸板盒‖When I got out of bed this morning my back was stiff as a board. 今早起床时我的背和木板一样僵硬。
[近] immalleable, impliable, inflexible, petrified, rigid, unbending, unyielding
[反] flexible, floppy, pliable, pliant, supple, yielding 柔软的
【考法2】adj.(在社交场合)缺乏优雅的,不自在的:lacking social grace and assurance
[例] She always felt stiff and ill-at-ease whenever she was introduced to her father's friends. 每当她被介绍给父亲的朋友时,她总会感到浑身不自在和不舒服。
[近] clumsy, gauche, graceless, inelegant, rustic, stilted, uncomfortable, uneasy, wooden
[反] graceful, suave, urbane 风度翩翩的
【考法3】adj. 过分的,过高的:going beyond a normal or acceptable limit in degree or amount
[例] Don't you think that's a pretty stiff fine for such a minor infraction? 你难道不觉得对于这么小的一个错误,罚款实在太高了么?
[近] exorbitant, extravagant, extreme, immoderate, inordinate, insane, lavish, overdue, overweening, plethoric, steep
[反] moderate, modest, reasonable, temperate 适度的
【考法4】adj. 艰苦的,费力的:requiring considerable physical or mental effort
[例] We'll have a stiff climb to actually reach the summit. 我们还有一段艰苦的征途才能登顶。
[近] arduous, challenging, difficult, formidable, grueling, laborious, strenuous, sweaty, testing, toilsome, tough
[反] easy, effortless, facile, light, mindless, simple, soft, undemanding 容易的
symbol: [stɪf]
zhuji3000: 【联】 参stick, (物体) 钉死了, 动弹不得 → a. 僵硬的,无法弯曲的;(人姿态的) 僵硬 → a. (在社交场合) 缺乏优雅的,不自在的;(规则、门槛) 钉死了,过于严格 → a. 过分的,过高的;僵硬的规则、僵局 (对于人而言) → a. 艰苦的,费力的
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position: (24, 4)

正面: stifle
definition: 【考法】vt. 抑制(声音、呼吸等);阻止,扼杀:to cut off(as the voice or breath); to keep in or hold back
[例] stifle free expression 限制言论自由
[近] choke, muffle, mute, repress, smother, strangle, suffocate, suppress
[反] foment, incite, instigate, provoke, stir 激发,激起
[派] stifling adj. 抑制的
symbol: ['staɪfl]
zhuji: 【记】stiff（adj 僵硬的）；le乐：想象你的情敌想掐死你的时候的面容－僵硬的笑－使窒息，抑制
zhuji3000: 【联】 sti (ff) [僵硬] + fle [-fy, to make], 使 (人变) 僵硬,透过抑制呼吸的方式将人杀死 → vt. 扼杀,阻止;抑制 (声音、呼吸等)
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position: (24, 4)

正面: stigma
definition: 【考法】n. 耻辱,污名:a mark of shame or discredit
[例] the stigma of cowardice 懦弱的污名‖There's a social stigma attached to receiving welfare. 接受福利有一种社会耻辱感。
[近] blemish, brand, onus, slur, smirch, smudge, spot, stain, taint
[反] award, credit, honor 荣誉;fame, glory, renown, repute 好名声
symbol: ['stɪgmə]
zhuji: 【记】原指：在罪犯或奴隶身上烙入皮肤的烙印－耻辱stig小棍，ma妈妈：妈妈有坏名声要用小棍打。
zhuji3000: 【联】 stig [stick] + ma [骂], 刺上骂名 → n. 耻辱,污名
【联】 stigmatize [vt. 使蒙上污名]
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position: (24, 4)

正面: stint
definition: 【考法】vi. 吝惜,节省:to be sparing or frugal
[例] They never stint with their praise. 他们从不吝啬他们的赞美之词。
[近] scrimp, skimp
[反] blow, dissipate, fritter, lavish, misspend, squander, waste 浪费
symbol: [stɪnt]
zhuji: 【记】源于：stingy（adj 吝啬小气的）读：死盯他－死死的盯住他的钱包－吝惜，节省（自己的钱）
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position: (24, 4)

正面: stingy
definition: 【考法1】adj. 小气的,吝啬的:being unwilling or showing unwillingness to share with others
[例] too stingy to tip the waiter 小气到不肯给小费
[近] closefisted, mean, mingy, miserly, niggardly, parsimonious, penurious, sparing, stinting, tightfisted
[反] bountiful, charitable, freehanded, generous, liberal, munificent, openhanded 慷慨的
[派] stinginess n. 小气
【考法2】adj. 极少量的:less plentiful than what is normal, necessary, or desirable
[例] Many people may consider this a rather stingy amount of food. 很多人都会认为这是分量很少的食物。
[近] exiguous, poor, scant, scanty, scarce, skimpy, sparse
[反] abundant, ample, bounteous, copious, plenteous, plentiful 大量的
symbol: ['stɪnʤi]
zhuji3000: 【根】 sting [刺] + -y [a.], 像刺 (一样小) 的 → a. 小气的,吝啬的;极少量的
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position: (24, 4)

正面: stipple
definition: 【考法】v.(雕刻时)点刻;用点标记:to mark with small spots especially unevenly
[例] They crossed a field stippled with purple lavender. 他们穿越了一片有紫色薰衣草点缀的田野。
[近] blotch, dapple, dot, freckle, mottle, speckle, splotch, sprinkle, spot
symbol: ['stɪpl]
zhuji: 【记】源于：tip（n 顶；尖；点；小费；v 给小费）
zhuji3000: 【记】 参stick, 刺 (作为标记) → v. (雕刻时) 点刻; 用点标记
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position: (24, 4)

正面: stipulate
definition: 【考法】v. 规定,特定要求:to specify or arrange in an agreement
[例] Total disarmament was stipulated in the peace treaty. 和平条约中要求彻底解除武装。
[近] claim, designate, detail, particularize, qualify
[反] relinquish, surrender, yield, waive 放弃(权利等)
[派] stipulation n. 规范,要求
symbol: ['stɪpjuleɪt]
zhuji: 【记】s，tip（n 顶；尖；点；小费），u，late晚－现在点明已经晚了，所以应该在合同中规定出来。
zhuji3000: 【记】 sti (p) [stick] + ul + -ate [v.], 钉 [定] 下来的 (规则) → v. 规定,特定要求
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position: (24, 5)

正面: stitch
definition: 【考法】n. 突然剧痛:a sharp unpleasant sensation usually felt in some specific part of the body
[例] He had to drop out of the race when the stitch in his side became too painful. 因为他突然感到剧痛,所以不得不放弃比赛。
[近] ache, pang, prick, shoot, smart, sting, throe, tingle, twinge
[反] comfort, ease, easiness 舒适的感觉
symbol: [stɪt∫]
zhuji: 【记】源于：sting（n /v 刺；针刺）
zhuji3000: 【联】 被刺 [sti (ck) ], 疼的突然发出ouch [tch, 尾音相同] → n. 突然剧痛
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position: (24, 5)

正面: stock
definition: 【考法1】n. 库存,储备:the inventory of goods of a merchant or manufacturer
[例] This type of product is currently out of stock. 这种商品已经脱销。
[近] inventory, pool, repertoire, reserve, reservoir
【考法2】adj. 普通的,常备的:commonly used or brought forward
[例] the stock answers to sensitive questions 对于敏感问题的常备回答
[近] common, conventional, general, ordinary, prosaic, routine, standard, universal
[反] unique 独特的
symbol: [stɑ:k]
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position: (24, 5)

正面: stockade
definition: 【考法1】n. 栅栏,围栏:an enclosure or pen made with posts and stakes
[例] a heavy stockade that protected the troops 保护驻扎部队的厚厚的栅栏
[近] barricade, barrier, blockade, fence, wall
【考法2】n. 监狱:a place of confinement for persons held in lawful custody
[例] All POWs were kept in a remote stockade. 所有的战俘都被关在一个遥远的监狱里。
[近] bastille, coop, jail, pen, prison
symbol: [stɑ:'keɪd]
zhuji: 【记】stock（n 存货；树干），ade进攻性－有进攻性的木头－栅栏
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position: (24, 5)

正面: stodgy
definition: 【考法1】adj. 平庸的,乏味的:dull, unimaginative, and commonplace
[例] The sitcom was offbeat and interesting in its first season, but has since become predictable and stodgy. 这部情景喜剧的第一季是离奇而有趣的,但是后几季就变得老套和乏味。
[近] arid, dreary, dull, flat, jading, jejune, monochromatic, monotonous, pedestrian, stale, tedious, wearisome
[反] absorbing, engaging, engrossing, gripping, interesting, intriguing, involving, riveting 吸引人的
[派] stodginess n. 乏味,无趣
【考法2】adj. 非常守旧的:extremely old-fashioned
[例] Without notice she received a letter from his stodgy father. 毫无征兆地,她收到了一封来自她保守父亲的信。
[近] conservative, hidebound, intolerant
[反] avant-guard 先锋派的;radical 激进的
symbol: ['stɑ:ʤi]
zhuji: 【记】源于：stodge（n 油腻乏味的食物）s，todgy＝today：一想到今天会死，感到生活是沉闷平庸的
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position: (24, 5)

正面: stoke
definition: 【考法1】vt. 添加燃料:supply with fuel
[例] She was stoking the furnace. 她正给火炉添木头。
[近] fuel, rekindle
【考法2】vt. 增大,促进:to make greater in size, amount, or number
[例] stoke workers' commitment to the company by raising their salaries 通过加薪来提升员工对公司的忠诚度
[近] aggrandize, amplify, augment, boost, enlarge, escalate, expand, extend, multiply, raise
[反] abate, decrease, diminish, downsize, dwindle, lessen, lower, minify, reduce, subtract 减少
symbol: [stoʊk]
zhuji: 【记】源于：斯托克Stoker，亚伯拉罕，他是英国作家，哥特式恐怖小说《德雷库拉》的作者；在该部小说中的主人公是一个蒸汽火车头和蒸汽船中的司炉，也就是烧火工（被雇来往火炉内添加燃料的人）
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position: (24, 5)

正面: stoic
definition: 【考法】adj. 隐忍的,冷静的:seemingly indifferent to or unaffected by pleasure or pain
[例] stoic resignation in the face of hunger 默默忍受着饥饿
[近] aloof, apathetic, detached, forbearing, indifferent, impassive, phlegmatic, stolid, tolerant, unemotional
[反] demonstrative, emotional, fervent, fervid, impassioned, passionate, vehement 充满热情的
symbol: ['stoʊɪk]
zhuji: 【记】斯多葛派学者是希腊哲学学校的成员，他们认为：人不应为情感所动，而是把各种事情当作神意的不可避免的结果来坦然地接受
zhuji3000: 【联】 sto [stone] + -ic [a.], 像石头一样 (不带有感情),褒义 → a. 隐忍的,冷静的
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position: (24, 5)

正面: stolid
definition: 【考法】adj. 无动于衷的,感情麻木的:having or revealing little emotion or sensibility
[例] Her face showed nothing but stolid indifference. 她的脸上只露出了麻木和冷漠。
[近] apathetic, catatonic, deadpan, emotionless, impassive, indifferent, numb, phlegmatic, stoic
[反] demonstrative, emotional, fervent, fervid, impassioned, passionate, vehement 充满热情的
[派] stolidity n. 麻木,无动于衷
symbol: ['stɑ:lɪd]
zhuji: 【记】源于：stoic（n 高度自制者）
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position: (24, 5)

正面: stomach
definition: 【考法】vt. 容忍:to bear without overt reaction or resentment
[例] I can't stomach his bragging. 我受不了他自吹自擂了。
[近] abide, brook, countenance, endure, handle, stand, tolerate
[反] decline, refuse, reject, repudiate, spurn 拒绝
symbol: ['stʌmək]
zhuji: 【记】古希腊人认为胃部是在忍受一件事时的反应最强烈的地方。S死to偷ma妈ch吃：我偷来的汉堡被妈妈吃了，只好忍了。
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position: (24, 5)

正面: stonewall
definition: 【考法】v. 拒绝(合作),阻挠:to be uncooperative, obstructive, or evasive
[例] lobbying efforts to stonewall passage of the legislation 意在阻止法律通过的游说行动
[近] blockade, filibuster, hinder, impede, obstruct
[反] collaborate, cooperate 合作
symbol: [ˌstoʊn'wɔ:l]
zhuji: 【记】stone石头，wall墙：在你面前竖起石头墙－拒绝
zhuji3000: 【根】 stone [石] + wall [墙], “石墙” → v. 拒绝 (合作),阻挠
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position: (24, 5)

正面: stouthearted
definition: 【考法】adj. 勇敢的:having a stout heart or spirit
[例] a stouthearted army officer who risked his life to save his men 为了拯救部下宁愿牺牲自己的勇敢军官
[近] bold, brave, courageous, dauntless, fearless, gallant, intrepid, stalwart, stout, valiant, valorous
[反] cowardly, craven, fearful, gutless, nerveless, pusillanimous, spineless, spiritless, timorous 怯懦的
symbol: [ˌstaʊt'hɑ:rtɪd]
zhuji: 【记】stout（adj 结实的；勇敢坚定的；矮胖的），heart，ed－勇敢的心
zhuji3000: 【根】 stout [勇敢的, 壮实的] + heart [心] + -ed, 有勇敢之心的 → a. 勇敢的
[注] stout可以联想成“在危急中站 [stand] 出来 [out]”,即“勇敢的”。
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position: (24, 6)

正面: stratagem
definition: 【考法】n. 谋略,策略:an artifice or trick in war for deceiving and outwitting the enemy
[例] a stratagem to secure customer loyalty 用来稳固客户忠诚度的计谋
[近] artifice, device, gambit, gimmick, intrigue, maneuver, ruse, scheme, trick, wile
symbol: ['strætəʤəm]
zhuji: 【记】strat层次，agem－有层次的计划－计谋
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position: (24, 6)

正面: strait
definition: 【考法1】n. 海峡:a narrow channel joining two larger bodies of water
[例] Thousands of vessels pass through the straits annually. 每年数以千计的货轮要通过这个海峡。
[近] channel, narrow, neck
[反] isthmus 地峡
【考法2】n. 痛苦:a state of great suffering of body or mind
[例] She was in dire straits over the loss of her mother's cherished necklace. 她因为丢失了母亲最珍贵的项链而陷入了极端的痛苦之中。
[近] affliction, agony, anguish, excruciation, misery, pain, torment, torture, travail, tribulation, woe
symbol: [streɪt]
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position: (24, 6)

正面: strand
definition: 【考法1】n. 绳、线之一股:a single filament, such as a fiber or thread, of a woven or braided material
[例] a strand of DNA DNA中的一条链
[近] thread
【考法2】vt. 遗弃,使置于困境:to leave in a strange or an unfavorable place especially without funds or means to depart
[例] The convoy was stranded in the desert. 车队被困在了沙漠之中。
[近] abandon, desert, forsake, maroon, quit
[反] evacuate, reclaim, rescue 救出
symbol: [strænd]
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position: (24, 6)

正面: stratify
definition: 【考法】vt. 将…分成各种等级:to divide into classes, castes, or social strata
[例] Income distribution often stratifies a society. 收入分配往往将社会分层。
[近] assort, categorize, classify, differentiate, distinguish, separate
[反] homogenize 使均匀;commingle, mingle 混合
[派] stratification n. 分层化
symbol: ['strætɪfaɪ]
zhuji: 【记】strat层次，ify－层化
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position: (24, 6)

正面: stray
definition: 【考法1】adj. 漫无目的的:lacking a definite plan, purpose, or pattern
[例] No stray sighting of UFO's has been rigorously analyzed by scientists. 在无规律出现的UFO事件之中,尚未有被科学家严谨分析的案[例]。
[近] aimless, arbitrary, desultory, erratic, haphazard, scattered, slapdash
[反] methodical, orderly, organized, regular 有条理的,有组织的;systematic, systematized 系统性的
【考法2】vi. 离群,迷途,偏离:to move away from a group, deviate from the correct course, or go beyond established limits
[例] stray from the main road 偏离了主干道
[近] deviate, digress, err, wander
symbol: [streɪ]
zhuji: 【记】源于：street（n 街道）
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position: (24, 6)

正面: strength
definition: 【考法1】n. 力量:the ability to exert effort for the accomplishment of a task
[例] We are facing an army of great strength. 我们面对的是一支强大的军队。
[近] energy, force, might, potency, power, puissance, sinew, vigor
[反] impotence, impotency, powerlessness, weakness 无力
【考法2】n.(抵抗攻击、压力的)强度:the ability to withstand force or stress without being distorted, dislodged, or damaged
[例] This cheap shelve unit doesn't have the strength to hold all those books. 这个廉价的书架不足以支撑所有的书本。
[近] firmness, soundness, sturdiness
[反] insecurity, instability, precariousness, shakiness, unstableness, unsteadiness 不稳固
[派] strengthen vt. 增强
symbol: [streŋθ]
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position: (24, 6)

正面: striate
definition: 【考法】vt. 加条纹:to mark with striations or striae
[例] The inner surface of the bark is smooth, of a pale, yellowish brown and very finely striated. 树皮的内部十分光滑,显着偏暗偏黄的棕色,并且有着十分精细的条纹。
[近] furrow, streak, stripe
[派] striated adj. 有条纹的
symbol: ['straɪɪt]
zhuji3000: 【参】 stripe [n. 条纹] → v. 加条纹
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position: (24, 6)

正面: stricture
definition: 【考法】n. 责难,批评:an adverse criticism
[例] The reviewer made several strictures upon the author's style. 评论家就作者的文风发出了不少责难。
[近] censure, condemnation, denunciation, excoriation, obloquy, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, reproof
[反] commendation, eulogy 表扬,赞扬
symbol: ['strɪkt∫ər]
zhuji: 【记】源于：strict（adj 严格的；严厉的）
zhuji3000: 【联】 strict [严格的,严厉的],要求得过于严格、苛刻 → n. 责难,批评
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position: (24, 6)

正面: stride
definition: 【考法】vi. 迈大步走:to move with or as if with long steps
[例] The man strode to the door and slammed it. 男人大步走向门口,狠狠地把门摔上。
[近] march, pace, parade
[反] mince 碎步走
symbol: [straɪd]
zhuji: 【记】是street和ride的组合：在street上ride（v 骑）－大步走
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position: (24, 6)

正面: strident
definition: 【考法】adj. 刺耳的:characterized by harsh, insistent, and discordant sound
[例] plagued by the strident noise 被刺耳的噪声所折磨
[近] grating, harsh, hoarse, jarring, rasping, raucous, squawky
[反] mellifluous(声音)甜美的;harmonious 和谐的
[派] stridence n. 喧闹,刺耳
symbol: ['straɪdnt]
zhuji3000: 【联】 stri [strip, v. 剥去, 除去] + dent [词根“牙齿”], (啄木鸟) 牙齿剥树皮的声音 → a. 刺耳的
[注] 词根dent表示“牙齿”, 构成dentist [牙科医生] , denture [假牙]
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position: (24, 7)

正面: strike
definition: 【考法1】n. 攻击:the act or action of setting upon with force or violence
[例] The first strike was directed at a munitions warehouse. 第一轮攻击的目标是军火仓库。
[近] aggression, assault, charge, offense, onset, onslaught, raid, rush
【考法2】vt. 铸造(奖牌):to form by stamping, printing, or punching
[近] build, fabricate, forge, form, make, mold, shape
【考法3】vt. 击打:to aim and usually deliver a blow, stroke, or thrust(as with the hand, a weapon, or a tool)
[例] The drunkard angrily stuck the security guard. 酒鬼愤怒地殴打保安。
[近] bat, beat, hammer, hit, knock, nail, punch, swat
【考法4】vt. 袭击,攻击:to take sudden, violent action against
[例] A rattlesnake strikes its prey with lightning speed. 响尾蛇以惊人的速度攻击了它的猎物。
[近] assail, beset, storm, set on
【考法5】vt. 撞击:to come into usually forceful contact with something
[例] One bullet-train struck the other one which had been forced to stop on a viaduct due to lightning strike, resulting in huge casualties. 一辆动车撞向了另一辆因雷击而停在高架桥上的动车,造成了巨大的人员伤亡。
[近] bang, bash, bump, collide, crash, impact, impinge, ram, slam, smash, swipe, thud
[派] striking adj. 引人注目的
symbol: [straɪk]
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position: (24, 7)

正面: stringent
definition: 【考法1】adj. 紧绷的:tight, constricted
[近] inflexible, rigid, taut
[反] lax, loose, slack 松弛的
【考法2】adj. 严格的:marked by rigor, strictness, or severity especially with regard to rule or standard
[例] Its drug-testing procedures are the most stringent in the world. 它的药检程序是世界上最严格的。
[近] draconian, exacting, ironhanded, rigorous, severe, strict, uncompromising
[反] lenient 宽大的,仁慈的
symbol: ['strɪnʤənt]
zhuji: 【记】源于：string（n 细绳）把string拉紧－紧的stri作为词根是紧的意思。
zhuji3000: 【根】 sting [draw tight] + -ent [a.], draw tight → a. 紧绷的;要求得紧,不宽松 → a. 严格的
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position: (24, 7)

正面: strip
definition: 【考法】vt. 脱衣,剥去:to remove clothing, covering, or surface matter from
[例] Guards stripped and started to search the prisoners. 守卫剥光了犯人,开始搜身。
[近] denude, disrobe, doff, unclothe, undress
[反] dress, gown, robe 穿衣;bedeck 穿衣打扮
symbol: [strɪp]
zhuji: 【记】在trip（n 旅行）时一定要看strip。
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position: (24, 7)

正面: strut
definition: 【考法1】vi. 趾高气扬地走:to walk with a pompous and affected air
[例] A pompous general strutted off the parade ground. 盛气凌人的将军从阅兵场上趾高气扬地走过。
[近] parade, prance, stalk, swagger
【考法2】n. 支柱,压杆:a structural element used to brace or strengthen a framework by resisting longitudinal compression
[近] brace, buttress, column, girder, support, underpinning
symbol: [strʌt]
zhuji: 【记】读：死抓它：如果你从飞机上掉下来，说什么也要死死的抓住strut，不然非死即残，就不能strut了。
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position: (24, 7)

正面: studio
definition: 【考法】n. 工作室,画室,摄影室:the working place of a painter, sculptor, or photographer
[例] move to a larger studio 搬进更大的工作室
[近] workshop
symbol: ['stu:dioʊ]
zhuji: 【记】stud＝study，io：学习的地方－工作室
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position: (24, 7)

正面: stultify
definition: 【考法】vt. 使无效,抑制:to deprive of vitality and render futile especially by enfeebling or repressive influences
[例] The accident stultified his previous efforts. 这场意外使他过去的努力都白费了。
[近] constipate, stagnate, stifle, trammel
[反] encourage, foster, nourish 鼓励,培养
[派] stultifying adj. 抑制的
symbol: ['stʌltɪfaɪ]
zhuji: 【记】stult＝stupid（adj 愚蠢的），ify：使愚蠢，使无效
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position: (24, 7)

正面: stupor
definition: 【考法】n. 迟钝,麻痹,无知觉:a condition of greatly dulled or completely suspended sense or sensibility
[例] The heartbreaking man lapsed into an alcoholic stupor. 那个伤心的男人陷入了无知觉的酒醉状态。
[近] coma, dullness, languor, lethargy, lassitude, listlessness, torpidity, torpor
[反] alertness, vigilance 警惕,警戒;vigor, vim, vitality, vivacity 活力,精力
symbol: ['stu:pər]
zhuji: 【记】stup＝stupid吓呆，or－昏迷
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position: (24, 7)

正面: stunt
definition: 【考法】vt. 阻碍(成长):to hinder the normal growth, development, or progress of
[例] The inhospitable climate had stunted all vegetation. 不佳的气候条件抑制了所有植物的生长。
[近] check, curb, dwarf, suppress
[反] advance, boost, foster, nourish, nurture, promote 培养,促进
symbol: [stʌnt]
zhuji: 【记】stunt就是使人stand。
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position: (24, 7)

正面: sturdy
definition: 【考法】adj. 强健的,结实的:marked by or reflecting physical strength or vigor; substantially made or built
[例] sturdy young athletes 年轻有力的运动员‖Remember to wear sturdy boots because we will be going over sharp rocks and uneven terrain. 别忘了穿一双靠谱的靴子,因为我们要在锋利的岩石和崎岖的地面上行走。
[近] durable, firm, robust, rugged, stalwart, stout, strong, sound, tough, vigorous
[反] delicate, feeble, frail, weak, wimpy 脆弱的;rickety, unsound, unstable, unsteady 不稳固的
[派] sturdiness n. 强健
symbol: ['stɜ:rdi]
zhuji: 【记】身体stubborn（adj 顽固的）就是sturdy的。
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position: (24, 7)

正面: stygian
definition: 【考法】adj. 极阴暗的:extremely dark, gloomy, or forbidding
[例] the stygian blackness of the cave 山洞里令人恐惧的黑暗
[近] black, caliginous, dark, dim, gloomy, pitch-black
[反] bright, brilliant, illuminated, illumined, light, lightsome, lucent, lucid, luminous 明亮的
symbol: ['stɪʤiən]
zhuji: 【记】sty＝Styx（n 希神中的环绕地狱的冥河），gian：地狱的sty＝style（n 风格），gian＝jian间：阴间的风格－极其黑暗的
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position: (24, 8)

正面: stymie
definition: 【考法】vt. 阻碍:to present an obstacle to
[例] stymied by red tape 被冗长的政策条款所阻碍
[近] encumber, fetter, handcuff, handicap, hinder, impede, inhibit, manacle, obstruct, shackle, trammel
[反] aid, assist, facilitate, help 帮助,促进
[派] stymieing adj. 阻碍的
symbol: ['staɪmi]
zhuji: 【记】sty＝style，mie灭：通过妨碍把你歼灭掉。
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position: (24, 8)

正面: subdue
definition: 【考法】vt. 使顺从;征服:to conquer and bring into subjection; to bring under one's control by force of arms
[例] They subdued the native tribes after years of fighting. 他们经过多年征战终于征服了当地的部落。
[近] conquer, defeat, squelch, subjugate, vanquish
[反] capitulate, surrender 投降;lose 失败
[派] subdued adj. 臣服的;柔和的
symbol: [səb'du:]
zhuji: 【记】sub下面，due＝duce引导－引到下面－征服
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position: (24, 8)

正面: subject
definition: 【考法1】n. 臣民,受支配的人:one that is placed under authority or control
[例] Because of the tense situation in that country, British subjects were advised to return home as soon as possible. 因为该国紧张的局势,英国公民被建议尽快返回英国国内。
[近] citizen, national
[反] alien 外来人;potentate 统治者
【考法2】adj. 取决于(其他因素)的:contingent on or under the influence of some later action
[例] The price of seafood is subject to weather conditions. 海鲜的价格受天气影响。
[近] affected, conditional, contingent, dependent, reliant, subordinate
[反] independent, unconditional 独立的,无条件的
symbol: ['sʌbʤekt]
zhuji: 【记】sub下面，ject扔：扔到下面－臣服者
zhuji3000: 【根】 sub- [under] + ject [throw], throw under, “ (将自己) 扔在 (权势) 下面”, 受支配 → n. 臣民,受支配的人;受 (其他因素) 支配 → a. 取决于 (其他因素) 的
【派】 subjective [a. 主观的] 字面含义“受 (个人情绪) 支配的”
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position: (24, 8)

正面: subjugate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 征服,镇压:to bring under control and governance as a subject
[例] I would rather die than be subjugated. 我宁死也不愿臣服。
[近] conquer, dominate, overpower, pacify, quash, squelch, subdue, vanquish
[反] capitulate, surrender 投降;lose 失败
[派] subjugation n. 征服
【考法2】vt. 剥夺…的自由:to make subservient
[近] enfetter, enslave, enthrall
[反] discharge, emancipate, enfranchise, liberate, manumit, release, unfetter 解放,释放
symbol: ['sʌbʤugeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】sub下面，ju猪，gate门－关门放猪－征服你
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position: (24, 8)

正面: sublime
definition: 【考法1】adj. 崇高的,庄严的:of high spiritual, moral, or intellectual worth
[例] the sublime virtue of having given all one's worldly goods to the poor 将所有财产都捐给穷人的崇高美德
[近] chivalrous, elevated, gallant, greathearted, lofty, magnanimous, noble
[反] base, debased, degenerate, degraded, ignoble, low 可鄙的
【考法2】adj.(因为杰出、尊贵、美丽等而)令人惊叹的:tending to inspire awe usually because of elevated quality(as of beauty, nobility, or grandeur)or transcendent excellence
[例] the sublime beauty of the canyon 峡谷令人惊叹的美丽
[近] amazing, astonishing, astounding, awesome, fabulous, miraculous, portentous, prodigious, staggering, stunning, stupendous, wonderful
[反] common, ordinary 平常的,普通的
[派] sublimity n. 庄严,壮观
symbol: [sə'blaɪm]
zhuji: 【记】sub下面，lime＝limit限制－下面有人限制你，所以你精神崇高的
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position: (24, 8)

正面: subliminal
definition: 【考法】adj. 下意识的,潜在意识的:below the threshold of conscious perception
[例] subliminal advertising in movies 电影中的潜意识广告
[近] concealed, hidden, subconscious
[反] apparent, clear, evident, manifest, obvious, patent 明显的
symbol: [ˌsʌb'lɪmɪnl]
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position: (24, 8)

正面: submerge
definition: 【考法】vt. 使淹没:to put under water
[例] The river bursted its banks, submerging an entire village. 河水冲上了堤岸,淹没了整个村庄。
[近] dip, douse, drench, drown, immerse, inundate, sop, submerse
[反] emerge 显现
[派] submerged adj. 被淹没的
symbol: [səb'mɜ:rʤ]
zhuji: 【记】sub下面，merge（v 合并，吞没）－吞没下去－淹没
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position: (24, 8)

正面: submissive
definition: 【考法】adj. 服从的,顺从的,恭顺的:submitting to others
[例] submissive employees 顺服的员工‖It's not in her nature to be submissive. 服从不是她的本性。
[近] amenable, biddable, compliant, conformable, docile, obeisant, obsequious, servile, subservient, tractable
[反] contumacious, defiant, intractable, obstreperous, rebellious, recalcitrant, refractory, unruly 不顺从的
[派] submission n. 服从,顺从
symbol: [səb'mɪsɪv]
zhuji3000: 【根】 sub- [under] + miss [send] + -ive [a.], send (=put) (oneself) under (others' control) → a. 服从的,顺从的,恭顺的
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position: (24, 8)

正面: subordinate
definition: 【考法1】[sə'bɔ:rdɪnət] adj. 下级的;次要的:belonging to a lower or inferior class or rank
[例] His contention is that environment plays a subordinate role to heredity in determining what we become. 他的观点就是:在决定我们成长的因素——环境和遗传之中,前者处于更次要的地位。
[近] inferior, junior, lower, minor, secondary, subject, tributary
[反] greater, higher, major, primary, prime, senior, superior 更优等的,更高等的
【考法2】[sə'bɔ:rdɪneɪt] vt. 征服:to bring under one's control by force of arms
[例] It is one of the lessons of history that more powerful civilizations often subordinate weaker ones. 强大的文明往往征服弱势的文明,这是历史的教训之一。
[近] conquer, dominate, overpower, pacify, subdue, subject, subjugate, vanquish
[反] capitulate, surrender 投降;lose 失败
symbol: None
zhuji: 【记】sub下面，ord＝order，inate－在下面听order－附属的
zhuji3000: 【根】 sub- [under] + ord [order] + in + -ate [a.&v.], under order, 在下面听从命令的 → a. 下级的;次要的;make...under order, 使…在下面听从命令 → vt. 征服
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position: (24, 8)

正面: subservient
definition: 【考法】adj. 奉承的,屈从的:obsequiously submissive
[近] amenable, biddable, compliant, conformable, docile, obeisant, obsequious, servile, submissive, tractable
[反] contumacious, defiant, intractable, obstreperous, rebellious, recalcitrant, refractory, unruly 不顺从的
[派] subservience n. 服从
symbol: [səb'sɜ:rviənt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 sub- [under] + serv [serve] + - (i) ent [a.], serve under → a. 奉承的,屈从的
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position: (24, 9)

正面: subside
definition: 【考法】vi. 下陷,下沉,减弱:to tend downward
[例] Local officials say the flood waters have subsided. 当地官员表示洪水已经退去。‖As the noise of the siren subsided, I was able to fall back to sleep. 随着警笛声的减弱,我可以再次睡着了。‖The pain will subside in a couple of hours. 几个小时之内疼痛感就会退去。
[近] abate, decline, decrease, diminish, drop, dwindle, ebb, fall, lessen, moderate, recede, wane
[反] balloon, burgeon, escalate, expand, grow, increase, intensify, rise, snowball, soar, wax 上升,增大
[派] subsidence n. 下沉
symbol: [səb'saɪd]
zhuji: 【记】sub下面，side坐－坐下去－下陷
zhuji3000: 【根】 sub- [down, 向下] + sid [sit] + -e [v.], sit down, 向下坐 → vi. 下陷,下沉,减弱
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position: (24, 9)

正面: subsidiary
definition: 【考法1】adj. 次要的:of secondary importance
[例] The river has several subsidiary streams. 这条河拥有数条支流。
[近] minor, secondary, subordinate, tributary
[反] capital, cardinal, central, chief, key, leading, main, paramount, predominant, primary, principal, supreme 主要的,重要的
【考法2】adj. 起辅助作用的:furnishing aid or support
[例] Attached are subsidiary materials. 附件中是辅助资料。
[近] accessory, auxiliary, contributory, supplemental, supporting, upholding
symbol: [səb'sɪdieri]
zhuji: 【记】sub下面，sid坐，iary－坐在下面的－辅助的
zhuji3000: 【根】 sub- [在下面] + sid [sit] + i + -ary [a.], 坐在下面的 (例如体育比赛的替补) → a. 次要的;起辅助作用的
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position: (24, 9)

正面: subsidy
definition: 【考法】n. 补助金,津贴:monetary assistance granted by a government to a person or group in support of an enterprise regarded as being in the public interest
[例] a subsidy to manufacturers during the war 战争期间对制造商的补贴金
[近] allotment, allowance, appropriation, grant, subvention
[派] subsidize vt. 提供补助
symbol: ['sʌbsədi]
zhuji: 【记】源于：subsidiary（adj 辅助的）
zhuji3000: 【参】 参考subsidiary, 起辅助作用的 (钱) → n. 补助金,津贴
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position: (24, 9)

正面: substantial
definition: 【考法1】adj. 物质的:of, relating to, or having substance
[例] a world of dreams, even less substantial than a rainbow 一个梦想中的世界,甚至比彩虹还虚无缥缈
[近] corporeal, concrete, gross, material, objective, physical, tangible
[反] tenuous, vaporous 空洞的,空幻的;diaphanous, ethereal, immaterial 非物质的
【考法2】adj. 有重大意义的:considerable in importance, value, degree, amount, or extent
[例] made a substantial progress 取得了实质性的进展
[近] consequential, considerable, earthshaking, important, meaningful, momentous, significant, weighty
[反] inconsequential, inconsiderable, insignificant, little, minor, negligible, slight, trifling, trivial 微不足道的
symbol: [səb'stæn∫l]
zhuji: 【记】源于：substance（n 物质）
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position: (24, 9)

正面: substantiate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 证实:to support with proof or evidence
[例] There is little scientific evidence to substantiate the claims. 现在还缺乏足够的科学证据来证实这种言论。
[近] attest, authenticate, confirm, corroborate, justify, validate, verify
[反] controvert, disprove, rebut, refute [反]驳
[派] substantiated adj. 经证实的
【考法2】vt. 使实体化:to give material form to
[例] The artist's intense feelings are substantiated by his paintings' bold colors and broad brush strokes. 画家强烈的情感通过他画作中鲜艳的色彩和很宽的笔画体现出来。
[近] embody, epitomize, externalize, incarnate, incorporate, manifest, materialize, personalize
[反] disembody 使脱离形体
symbol: [səb'stæn∫ieɪt]
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position: (24, 9)

正面: substantive
definition: 【考法】adj. 本质的,关键的:of or relating to the essence or substance
[例] The substantive information is their political stance. 关键信息是他们的政治立场。
[近] constitutional, elemental, essential, fundamental, substantial, vital
[反] inconsequential, inconsiderable, insignificant, insubstantial, negligible, nominal 不重要的
symbol: [səb'stæntɪv]
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position: (24, 9)

正面: subterfuge
definition: 【考法】n. 诡计:deception by artifice or stratagem in order to conceal, escape, or evade
[例] The spy obtained the documents by subterfuge. 间谍通过狡猾的计谋获得了文件。
[近] artifice, cheat, chicanery, deception, fraud, trickery, wile
symbol: ['sʌbtərfju:ʤ]
zhuji: 【记】sub下面，ter，fuge逃跑－从下面逃跑－诡计；借口
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position: (24, 9)

正面: subtle
definition: 【考法1】adj. 微妙的,难以感知的:(so slight as to be)difficult to understand or perceive
[例] subtle differences in meaning between the words 单词词义之间的细微差别
[近] delicate, elusive, evasive, faint, fine, impalpable, intangible, nice, slight
[反] blatant, conspicuous, obvious, patent, plain 明显的;open, public 公开的
[派] subtlety n. 微妙;微妙的想法
【考法2】adj. 巧妙的,间接或带有欺骗性的:clever at attaining one's ends by indirect and often deceptive means
[例] used subtle methods of persuasion 采用了十分巧妙的劝说方式
[近] beguiling, crafty, cunning, cute, designing, devious, foxy, guileful, scheming, shrewd, sly, tricky, wily
[反] artless, guileless, ingenuous, innocent, undesigning 天真纯朴的,无伪装的
symbol: ['sʌtl]
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position: (24, 9)

正面: subvert
definition: 【考法】vt. 颠覆:to overturn or overthrow from the foundation
[例] an alleged plot to subvert the state 一个旨在推翻政权的谣传中的阴谋
[近] overthrow, overturn, topple
[反] reinforce 加强
[派] subversion n. 颠覆
symbol: [səb'vɜ:rt]
zhuji: 【记】sub下面，vert转－在下面转－推翻
zhuji3000: 【根】 sub- [under] + vert [turn], turn under, 翻转下面 (的根基) → vt. 颠覆
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position: (24, 9)

正面: succinct
definition: 【考法】adj. 简明的,简洁的:characterized by clear, precise expression in few words
[例] His speech is always succinct and perspicacious. 他的发言总是简洁而一针见血。
[近] apothegmatic, brief, compact, compendious, concise, laconic, pithy, summary, telegraphic, terse
[反] circuitous, circumlocutory, diffuse, long, prolix, rambling, verbose, windy, wordy 冗长的
[派] succinctness n. 简洁,扼要
symbol: [sək'sɪŋkt]
zhuji: 【记】suc下面，cinct减去：把话的下面减去－简练的
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position: (24, 10)

正面: succor
definition: 【考法】vt. 救援,援助:to go to the aid of
[例] We see it as our duty to succor anyone in need. 我们视帮助他人为自己的职责。
[近] aid, assist, help, relieve, support
symbol: ['sʌkər]
zhuji: 【记】有了succor才能success
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position: (24, 10)

正面: suffocate
definition: 【考法】vt. 使窒息:to deprive of oxygen
[例] The law requires the owner of a discarded refrigerator to remove its door so that a child won't get trapped inside and suffocate. 法律要求废弃冰箱的所有者移除箱门,从而防止儿童被困其中而窒息致死。
[近] asphyxiate, choke, smother, stifle, strangle
[派] suffocating adj. 令人窒息的,压抑的
symbol: ['sʌfəkeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】suf下面，foc喉咙，ate－卡住喉咙下面－使…窒息
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position: (24, 10)

正面: suffuse
definition: 【考法】vt.(色彩等)弥漫,染遍,充满:to spread through or over, as with liquid, color, or light
[例] a room suffused with warm sunlight 一个充满温暖阳光的房间
[近] flush, fill, imbue, infuse, interpenetrate, percolate, pervade, transfuse
[派] suffusing adj. 弥漫的
symbol: [sə'fju:z]
zhuji: 【记】suf下面，fuse流－在下面流的满地都是－弥漫
zhuji3000: 【根】 suf- [sub-, under] + fus [pour] + -e [v.], pour under, 在下面流淌 → vt. (色彩等) 弥漫,染遍,充满
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position: (24, 10)

正面: sulk
definition: 【考法】vi. 生气,愠怒:to be sullenly aloof or withdrawn, as in silent resentment or protest
[例] He would sulk for hours whenever he didn't get what he wanted. 每当他的愿望没被满足时,他都会生几个小时的闷气。
[近] frown, grump, mope, pout
[反] crow, delight, exuberate, jubilate, rejoice, triumph 感到高兴,雀跃
[派] sulky adj. 生气的,不悦的
symbol: [sʌlk]
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position: (24, 10)

正面: sullen
definition: 【考法】adj. 闷闷不乐的:causing or marked by an atmosphere lacking in cheer
[例] She remained sullen amid festivities alone. 她独自一人在喜庆的气氛中闷闷不乐。‖sullen skies that matched our mood on the day of the funeral 葬礼当天与我们很搭调的沉闷天气
[近] bleak, cheerless, dark, depressing, dire, gloomy, glum, gray, lugubrious, morose, saturnine, sulky, surly
[反] bright, cheerful, cheering, cordial, festive, gay, lighthearted欢快的,高兴的
symbol: ['sʌlən]
zhuji: 【记】sul＝sol孤独，len：因为孤独所以忧郁。
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position: (24, 10)

正面: summary
definition: 【考法1】n. 摘要:an abstract, abridgment, or compendium especially of a preceding discourse
[例] Many book reports choose to begin with a summary of the book. 许多书评以该书的摘要开始。
[近] abstract, brief, epitome, outline, recapitulation, synopsis, summarization
[反] elaboration 详细解释
【考法2】adj. 就地的,立即的:done or executed on the spot and without formality
[例] a summary trial and speedy execution 就地判决和快速处决
[反] prolonged, protracted 拖延的
symbol: ['sʌməri]
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position: (24, 10)

正面: summit
definition: 【考法】n. 顶点:the highest point
[例] the summit of his ambition 他雄心壮志的顶点
[近] acme, apex, climax, crescendo, crest, crown, culmination, meridian, peak, pinnacle, top, zenith
[反] bottom, nadir 最低点
symbol: ['sʌmɪt]
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position: (24, 10)

正面: summon
definition: 【考法1】vt. 召集,召唤:to call together
[例] The general summoned all his troops before the operation. 行动之前,将军把所有的部队召集到了一起。
[近] assemble, convene, convoke, muster, rally
[反] dismiss 解散
【考法2】vt. 传唤(出庭、出席):to command by service of a summons, especially to appear in court
[例] He was summoned to answer charges. 他被传唤出庭应对起诉。
[近] call, hail
symbol: ['sʌmən]
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position: (24, 10)

正面: sumptuous
definition: 【考法】adj. 豪华的,奢侈的:extremely costly, rich, luxurious, or magnificent
[例] The hotel claims to offer sumptuous furnishings and exquisitely prepared cuisine. 酒店宣称有奢华的装潢和精心准备的食物。
[近] deluxe, lavish, lush, luxurious, opulent, palatial, resplendent, splendid, superb
[反] ascetic, austere, humble, spartan简朴的
And gladly would learn, and gladly teach.
勤于学习的人才能乐于施教。
——英国诗人 乔叟(Chaucer, British poet)
录取院校:Johns Hopkins University)
symbol: ['sʌmpt∫uəs]
zhuji: 【记】sum总数，ptuous－把所有的钱都花掉－奢侈的
zhuji3000: 【根】 sumpt [take] + -(u)ous [a.], take (money) too much → a. 豪华的,奢侈的
【联】 consumer [消费者] 中的词根sum表示take (money) , 即spend (money)
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position: (24, 10)

正面: sunder
definition: 【考法】vt. 分裂,分离:to break apart or in two
[例] a city sundered by racial conflict 一个因种族冲突而分裂的城市
[近] disassociate, disconnect, disjoin, disunite, divide, part, rend, rive, separate, sever, unyoke
[反] bond, connect, join, link, unify, unite, yoke 连接,结合
[派] asunder adv. 分开地,分裂地
symbol: ['sʌndər]
zhuji: 【记】s＝split（v 劈开），under－劈死在下面－分裂s死，under：劈死在下面－分裂
zhuji3000: 【联】 形近词thunder [雷],雷劈 → vt. 分裂,分离
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position: (25, 1)

正面: supercilious
definition: 【考法】adj. 高傲的,傲慢的:feeling or showing haughty disdain
[例] The aristocrat reacted to their breach of etiquette with a supercilious smile. 贵族对他们破坏礼节的行为报以傲慢的一笑。
[近] arrogant, assumptive, bumptious, haughty, imperious, pompous, presumptuous, overbearing, superior
[反] humble, moderate, modest 谦逊的
symbol: [ˌsu:pər'sɪliəs]
zhuji: 【记】super，cili长得象眼睫毛，ous－眼睫毛高的－高傲的
zhuji3000: 【根】 super- [over] + cil [brow, 眉毛] + - (i) ous [a.], 眉毛高的 → a. 高傲的,傲慢的
[注] 词根cil原意指“覆盖”,例如conceal [隐藏] 中的词根ceal与词根cil同源。在supercilious中,cil表示“覆盖眼睛 (防止落灰或流入汗水) 的眉毛”。
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position: (25, 1)

正面: superficial
definition: 【考法】adj. 表面的,肤浅的:lacking in depth, solidity, and comprehensiveness
[例] The official's superficial report on the situation provoked wide blame on the Internet. 官员对于情况的敷衍陈述激起了网络上的广泛谴责。
[近] cursory, facile, perfunctory, shallow, sketchy, skin-deep
[反] profound 深刻的;comprehensive, exhaustive 全面的
[派] superficiality n. 表面现象
symbol: [ˌsu:pər'fɪ∫l]
zhuji: 【记】super，fic做，ial－在上面做－表面的
zhuji3000: 【根】 super- [over] + fic [face] + -ial [a.], 在表面上的 → a. 表面的,肤浅的
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position: (25, 1)

正面: superfluous
definition: 【考法】adj. 多余的,过剩的:exceeding what is sufficient or necessary
[例] a complicated algorithm that could filter all superfluous information 一个能滤除所有多余信息的复杂算法
[近] excessive, extra, redundant, surplus
[反] deficient, inadequate, insufficient, scanty, scarce, short, skimpy, sparse 不足的
[派] superfluity n. 多余,过剩
symbol: [su:'pɜ:rfluəs]
zhuji3000: 【根】 super- [over] + flu [flow] + -ous [a.], overflow → a. 多余的,过剩的
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position: (25, 1)

正面: superimpose
definition: 【考法】vt. 添(声)加(色)(使形象、某因素或性质更加清楚):to add as a distinct feature, element, or quality
[例] She superimposed her own interpretation when she retold the story. 她重复故事的时候,加入了自己的解释。
symbol: [ˌsu:pərɪm'poʊz]
zhuji: 【记】super，impose（v 强加）：在上面强加
zhuji3000: 【根】 super- [over] + im- [in] + pos [put] + e [v.], put in...(over sth.) → vt. 添 (声) 加 (色) (使形象、某因素或性质更加清楚)
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position: (25, 1)

正面: supine
definition: 【考法】adj. 懒散的,倦怠的,消极的,漠不关心的:showing lethargy, passivity, or blameworthy indifference
[例] a supine legislature that is afraid to take action 害怕采取行动的不作为的立法机关
[近] inert, passive, dormant, torpid
[反] vigilant 警惕的
symbol: ['su:paɪn]
zhuji: 【记】su酥，pine（n 松树；v 消瘦）：浑身消瘦酥麻是因为懒散
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position: (25, 1)

正面: supple
definition: 【考法】adj. 易弯曲的,柔软的:readily bent; pliant
[例] supple limbs 柔软的四肢‖a supple mind 灵活的头脑
[近] bendy, flexible, limber, lissome, lithe, pliable, pliant, lithesome
[反] inflexible, stiff, rigid 坚硬的
[派] suppleness n. 柔软
symbol: ['sʌpl]
zhuji3000: 【记】 sup [under-] + ple [pli, fold], (under) “fold”, 折叠弯曲的 → a. 易弯曲的,柔软的
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position: (25, 1)

正面: supplant
definition: 【考法】vt. 排挤,篡夺…的位置:to usurp the place of, especially through intrigue or underhanded tactics
[例] Old traditions were fading away and being supplanted by modern ways. 老传统逐渐式微,被现代方式所取代。
[近] displace, displant, substitute, supersede, cut out
symbol: [sə'plænt]
zhuji: 【记】sup下面，plant种植－在下面种植自己的势力－取代
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position: (25, 1)

正面: supplement
definition: 【考法】n./v. 增补,补充:something that serves to complete or make up for a deficiency in something else
[例] recommends taking a vitamin C supplement to prevent colds 建议补充维生素C来预防感冒
[近] addendum, addition, expansion, increment, proliferation, step-up
symbol: ['sʌplɪmənt]
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position: (25, 1)

正面: supplicate
definition: 【考法】v. 恳求,乞求:to make a request to(someone)in an earnest or urgent manner
[例] God is not just someone to be supplicated in times of trouble. 我们不应该只在困难时候才向主祷告。
[近] beseech, conjure, entreat, impetrate, implore, solicit, plead to, appeal to
[反] demand 强求
symbol: ['sʌplɪkeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】sup下面，plic重叠，ate－双膝重叠跪下－乞求supplic＝supply，ate吃的：乞求supply吃的。
zhuji3000: 【根】 sup- [sub-, under] + plic [fold] + -ate [v.], fold (knees) under (sb.) , 在某人脚底下屈膝下跪 → v. 恳求,乞求
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (25, 1)

正面: supposition
definition: 【考法】n. 猜想,推测:an opinion or judgment based on little or no evidence
[例] It's pure supposition on your part that there's something illegal going on next door. 你说隔壁在进行非法勾当纯属猜测。
[近] hypothesis, proposition, surmise, premise, presumption
[反] certainty 确定
symbol: [ˌsʌpə'zɪ∫n]
zhuji: 【记】源于：suppose（v 假定；料想）
zhuji3000: 【联】 suppose [v. 假设,猜想] 的名词形式 → n. 猜想,推测
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position: (25, 2)

正面: suppress
definition: 【考法1】vt. 抑制(表情):to inhibit the expression of(an impulse, for example); check
[例] suppress a smile 忍住笑容
[近] repress, smother, stifle, choke back, hold back
[反] stimulate 激励
【考法2】vt. 用暴力终止,镇压:to put a stop to(something)by the use of force
[例] Nothing could suppress the rising tide of protest. 任何事物都无法控制越来越激烈的游行示威活动。
[近] clamp down on, crack down on, put down, quash, repress, silence, slap down, snuff out, squash, squelch, subdue
symbol: [sə'pres]
zhuji3000: 【根】 sup- [sub-, under] + press [压], 压下去 → vt. 抑制 (表情);用暴力终止,镇压
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (25, 2)

正面: surcharge
definition: 【考法】v./n. 过高收费:to charge(someone)too much for goods or services
[例] The airline has added a $30 fuel surcharge on all international flights. 该航空公司对所有国际航线上涨了30美元的燃油税。
[近] gouge, soak, sting
symbol: ['sɜ:rt∫ɑ:rʤ]
zhuji: 【记】sur超过，charge（v 收费）－额外的收费－附加费
zhuji3000: 【根】 sur- [over] + charge [v. 付费], charge over, charge much → v. 过高收费
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position: (25, 2)

正面: surfeit
definition: 【考法】v./n.(使)过量,(使)饮食过度:to feed or supply to excess
[例] He surfeited himself with chocolate. 他巧克力吃多了。
[近] overabundance, overage, overflow, plethora, redundancy, superfluity, surplus
[反] deficiency, deprivation, insufficient supply, famish, starve 短缺,匮乏
symbol: ['sɜ:rfɪt]
zhuji: 【记】sur过分，feit做－做过了头－过量读：三feet－一口吃了三只猪脚－过量
zhuji3000: 【根】 sur- [over] + feit [make], make...over, 做得“过度” → v./n. (使) 过量,(使) 饮食过度
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position: (25, 2)

正面: surrender
definition: 【考法1】vt. 交出,放弃,投降:to give(something)over to the control or possession of another usually under duress
[例] surrender a contractual right 放弃契约上规定的一项权利
[近] abnegate, cede, relinquish, renounce, resign
[反] appropriate 挪用,占为己有
【考法2】vt. 使沉溺于:to give(oneself)over to something especially unrestrainedly
[例] He surrendered himself to grief. 他沉湎于悲伤之中。
[近] deliver, give up, indulge, yield
symbol: [sə'rendər]
zhuji: 【记】sur上面，render给予－把枪放过头顶－投降
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position: (25, 2)

正面: surreptitious
definition: 【考法】adj. 偷偷摸摸的,保密的:undertaken or done so as to escape being observed or known by others
[例] He took a surreptitious glance at her knees. 他偷偷瞟了一下她的膝盖。
[近] backstairs, clandestine, covert, furtive, privy, underground, underhanded, behind-the-scenes
[反] barefaced, aboveboard, open, overt, public 光明正大的
symbol: [ˌsɜ:rəp'tɪ∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】sur下面，rept＝creep爬，itious－在下面爬来爬去－偷偷的
zhuji3000: 【根】 sur [sub-, under] + rept [rapt的变形, seize] + it + -ious [a.], (小偷) 在下面抓 → a. 偷偷摸摸的,保密的
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position: (25, 2)

正面: susceptibility
definition: 【考法】n. 易受感染的性质或状态:the quality or state of having little resistance to some outside agent
[例] A weak immune system causes increased susceptibility to disease. 弱的免疫系统会增大患病的概率。
[近] defenselessness, vulnerability, weakness
[反] immunity, invulnerability 免疫
symbol: [ səˌseptə'bɪləti]
zhuji: 【记】源于：susceptible（adj 易受影响的；易感动的），sus下面，cept接受，ible－在下面容易接受的－易受影响的
zhuji3000: 【记】 sus- [sub-, under] + cept [take] + -ibility [n., ability], ability to be taken under (emotion), 容易处于某种情感下 → n. 易受感染的性质或状态
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (25, 2)

正面: suspend
definition: 【考法1】vi. 暂停,中止:to bring to a formal close for a period of time
[例] suspend the trial 暂停审判
[近] prorogue, recess
[反] invoke 实行
【考法2】vt. 悬挂:hang
[例] suspend a banner proclaiming the town's“Heritage Days”from the archway 在拱门上方悬挂一条庆祝该镇“遗产日”的条幅
[反] erect, let fall 使直立,落下
symbol: [sə'spend]
zhuji: 【记】sus下面，pend挂－挂在下面－悬挂；悬挂起来不用－暂停
zhuji3000: 【根】 sus- [sub-, under] + pend [hang], 挂到 (下面) → vt. 悬挂 vi. 暂停,中止
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position: (25, 2)

正面: suture
definition: 【考法】n./v. 缝合:the process of joining two surfaces or edges together along a line by or as if by sewing
[例] The doctor cleaned, sutured, and bandaged the wound. 医生将伤口清洗、缝合、包扎。
[反] incision, avulse 切开,撕脱
symbol: ['su:t∫ər]
zhuji: 【记】读：速车，被速度很快的车撞上了，赶快到医院缝合伤口。
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position: (25, 2)

正面: svelte
definition: 【考法】adj.(女人)体态苗条的,优雅的:slender or graceful in figure or outline; slim
[例] The svelte dancer seemed to float across the stage. 苗条的舞者看起来就像轻盈地漂浮在舞台上。
[近] bony, lean, skinny, slender, slim
[反] plump, corpulent, paunchy and awkward 丰满的,大腹便便而笨拙的
symbol: [svelt]
zhuji: 【记】svel＝swell（v 使膨胀），te她：使她的某些部分膨胀－苗条的。
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position: (25, 2)

正面: swagger
definition: 【考法1】vi. 大摇大摆地走,趾高气昂地走:to conduct oneself in an arrogant or superciliously pompous manner
[例] The young man confidently swaggered across the room. 年轻人高傲地在房间里走来走去。
[近] prance, sashay, stalk
【考法2】vi. 自夸,吹嘘:to boast, brag
[例] I would swagger if I'd won first place in the bowling tournament. 如果我赢得保龄球锦标赛的冠军,我肯定会自夸。
[近] brag, vapor, vaunt, gasconade
symbol: ['swægər]
zhuji: 【记】源于：waddle（n /v 象鸭子一样摇摆着走）源于：swag（n /v 摇摆）；wag（n /v 摇摆）；sway（v 摇摆）
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position: (25, 3)

正面: swear
definition: 【考法1】vi. 咒骂:to use profane or obscene language: curse
[例] No one is allowed to swear in this house. 这个房间里禁止说脏话。
[近] blaspheme, curse, cuss
[反] accolade 赞美
【考法2】v. 宣誓:to promise or pledge with a solemn oath; vow
[例] He swore his oath of allegiance to the queen. 他宣誓效忠女王。
[近] attest, depose, covenant, pledge, vow
symbol: [swer]
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position: (25, 3)

正面: sweltering
definition: 【考法】adj. 酷热的:oppressively hot
[例] The air conditioning was broken, and it was sweltering in the room. 空调坏了,房间里酷热难耐。
[近] boiling, scorching, searing, sultry, torrid, fiery
[反] algid, arctic, bone-chilling, freezing, frigid, frozen, glacial, ice-cold, iced, icy 严寒的
symbol: ['sweltərɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】源于：swelter（v 闷热；汗流夹背）＝sweat（n 汗），ing
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position: (25, 3)

正面: swerve
definition: 【考法】vi. 突然改变方向:to turn aside abruptly from a straight line or course
[例] The car swerved sharply to avoid the squirrel in the road. 为了避开路上的松鼠,汽车猛地转向。
[近] detour, deviate, diverge, sheer, swing, veer
[反] maintain direction, straighten 保持方向,直行
symbol: [swɜ:rv]
zhuji: 【记】读：死弯儿－急转弯－突然转向。
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position: (25, 3)

正面: swill
definition: 【考法】vt. 痛饮,大口地吃:to drink greedily, to eat greedily or to excess
[例] Considering the way she swills carbonated drinks, she ought to own stock in Pepsi company. 鉴于她对碳酸饮料消费的贡献,百事公司应该给她分点股份。
[近] gulp, quaff, swig
[反] sip 啜饮
symbol: [swɪl]
zhuji: 【记】swill以后，肚子就会swell（v 肿大）
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position: (25, 3)

正面: swindle
definition: 【考法】vt. 欺骗,骗取:to cheat or defraud of money or property
[例] Hundreds of people were swindled out of their savings. 几百人都被骗去了存款。
[近] bilk, con, hustle, fiddle, gyp, bunco, flimflam
symbol: ['swɪndl]
zhuji: 【记】被swindle以后，money就会dwindle（v 减少）。S死，wind，le乐：死了还能在风中乐－骗人－诈骗
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position: (25, 3)

正面: sybarite
definition: 【考法】n. 沉溺于奢侈逸乐者,酒色之徒:a person devoted to pleasure and luxury; a voluptuary
[例] The prince was remembered as a self-indulgent sybarite. 王子酒色之徒的名声远扬。
[近] debauchee, decadent, hedonist, sensualist
[反] spartan, ascetic 禁欲者
symbol: ['sɪbəraɪt]
zhuji: 【记】源于：Sybaris（锡巴里斯）古希腊城市，曾因其富饶与奢靡而著名。Sy＝see，bar，rite（n 仪式）：整天在酒吧里面看仪式－奢侈糜烂的人
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position: (25, 3)

正面: sycophant
definition: 【考法】n. 马屁精:a servile self-seeking flatterer
[例] When her career was riding high, the self-deluded actress often mistook sycophants for true friends. 当这位演员的事业如日中天之时,她常常把一些马屁精误以为真朋友。
[近] fawner, flunky, lickspittle, toady, apple-polisher, bootlicker, brownnoser
symbol: ['sɪkəfænt]
zhuji: 【记】读：塞口饭t－塞我一口饭吧，求求你了，美女！！－拍马者
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position: (25, 3)

正面: syllabus
definition: 【考法】n. 提纲,摘要;课文、演讲或研究课题的概要或提纲:an outline or a summary of the main points of a text, lecture, or course of study
[例] Have you got next year's syllabus? 你拿到明年的教学大纲了吗?
symbol: ['sɪləbəs]
zhuji: 【记】读：希勒bus，英国国家队前锋希勒的bus里面有他的训练课程安排－教学纲要
zhuji3000: 【联】 syl- [syn-, together] + lab (or) [work] + -us [n.], work together, 将做过的或要做的放在一起 → n.提纲,摘要;课文、演讲或研究课题的概要或提纲
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position: (25, 3)

正面: syllogism
definition: 【考法】n. 由一般到个别的推理,演绎:reasoning from the general to the specific; deduction
[例] The syllogism was at the core of traditional deductive reasoning, where facts are determined by combining existing statements, in contrast to inductive reasoning where facts are determined by repeated observations. 从一般到个别的推理是传统演绎推理的核心,事实结论由综合现存知识所确定,而归纳推理中的事实结论则由重复观测来确定。
[派] syllogize v. 用三段论论证
symbol: ['sɪləʤɪzəm]
zhuji: 【记】syl＝sym＝syn同样，log说，ism：说出差不多的话－三段论
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position: (25, 3)

正面: symbiosis
definition: 【考法】n. 共生关系:the living together in more or less intimate association or close union of two dissimilar
[例] The bird lives in symbiosis with the hippopotamus. 这种鸟和河马是共生关系。
[反] unrelated growth 无关联的生长
symbol: [ˌsɪmbaɪ'oʊsɪs]
zhuji: 【记】sym＝same，bio生化，sis：生物共同生长－共生
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position: (25, 4)

正面: symmetry
definition: 【考法】n. 对称:balanced proportions
[例] The building has perfect symmetry. 这栋房子是完美的对称构造。
[近] balance, coherence, consonance, proportion
[反] disproportion, asymmetry, discordance, disproportion, disunity, imbalance, incoherence, violence 不均衡,混乱
symbol: ['sɪmətri]
zhuji: 【记】sym＝same，me，try－我们共同在跷跷板两边努力－对称
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position: (25, 4)

正面: synchronous
definition: 【考法】adj. 同时期的,同步的:having identical period and phase
[例] The synchronous arrival of a baby sister and loss of a beloved grandmother strongly affected the girl. 妹妹的出生和奶奶的去世同时发生,给这个女孩造成了巨大的影响。
[近] coetaneous, coeval, coexistent, concurrent, contemporaneous, simultaneous
[反] occurring at different times, noncontemporaneous, out-of-phase 发生在不同时代的
symbol: ['sɪŋkrənəs]
zhuji: 【记】syn＝same，chron时间，ous－同时间的－同步的
zhuji3000: 【根】 syn- [same] + chron [time] + -ous [a.], of the same time → a. 同时期的,同步的
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position: (25, 4)

正面: synergic
definition: 【考法】adj. 合作的:working together: cooperating
[例] synergic muscles 协同肌肉
[反] antagonistic 敌对的
symbol: [sɪ'nə:rʤɪk]
zhuji: 【记】syn＝same，erg能量，ic－共同发挥能量的－协同合作的
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position: (25, 4)

正面: synonymous
definition: 【考法】adj. 同义的:having the same or a similar meaning
[例] Paris has always been synonymous with elegance, luxury and style. 巴黎在人们心中就是优雅、奢侈和时尚的同义词。
symbol: [sɪ'nɑ:nɪməs]
zhuji: 【记】syno＝same，nym＝name，ous－同样名字的－同义的
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position: (25, 4)

正面: synopsis
definition: 【考法】n. 摘要,概要:a brief outline or general view; an abstract or a summary
[例] Just give me a synopsis of the movie. 把电影的大致情节给我说说就行。
[近] abstract, brief, digest, recapitulation, roundup, summarization, epitome
symbol: [sɪ'nɑ:psɪs]
zhuji: 【记】syn＝same，opsis看－看同样简要的部分－摘要
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position: (25, 4)

正面: synthesis
definition: 【考法】n. 合成,综合:the combination of parts or elements so as to form a whole
[例] a philosophy that is a kind of synthesis of several schools of Western and Eastern thought 哲学是东西方很多思想流派的综合
[近] admixture, alloy, amalgamation, compound, conflation, fusion, meld
[反] analysis, taking apart 分解
symbol: ['sɪnθəsɪs]
zhuji: 【记】syn＝same，thes放，is：把同样的东西放在一起－综合
zhuji3000: 【根】 syn- [together] + thes [put] + -is [n.], put together, 放到一起 → n. 合成,综合
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (25, 4)

正面: tacit
definition: 【考法】adj. 暗示的:implied or indicated(as by an act or by silence)but not actually expressed
[例] tacit consent 默许
[近] implied, unexpressed, unspoken, unvoiced, wordless
[反] explicit, express, expressed, spoken, stated, voiced 明确表达的,直率的
symbol: ['tæsɪt]
zhuji: 【记】tact（n 老练）的中间有I（爱）：情场老手相爱是心照不宣的。
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position: (25, 4)

正面: taciturn
definition: 【考法】adj. 沉默寡言的,话少的:temperamentally disinclined to talk
[例] A taciturn man never initiates a conversation. 一个寡言的人从不主动和人说话。
[近] laconic, reserved, reticent, tight-lipped, uncommunicative
[反] garrulous, loquacious, glib, expansive, prolix, voluble 多话的
symbol: ['tæsɪtɜ:rn]
zhuji3000: 【联】 读音联想“taxi turn”,司机全神贯注转弯而不去说话 → a. 沉默寡言的,话少的
[注] 近义词tacit [暗示的] (taciturn去掉-urn),也指“沉默寡言”,用眼神或手势等传递信息
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position: (25, 4)

正面: tackle
definition: 【考法】vt. 着手处理:to start work on energetically
[例] Once I clean the kitchen, I think I'll tackle the bathroom. 等我把厨房打扫干净了,就去收拾浴室。
[近] dive into, wade in
symbol: ['tækl]
zhuji: 【记】源于：tack（n 大头钉）是一种tackle。
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position: (25, 4)

正面: tact
definition: 【考法】n. 机敏,精明,不冒犯:a keen sense of what to do or say in order to maintain good relations with others or avoid offense
[例] She talked to her neighbor with supreme tact. 她和邻居说话十分圆滑。
[近] diplomacy
[反] clumsiness, insensitivity, tactlessness 笨拙
symbol: [tækt]
zhuji: 【记】源于：tactic（n 策略；战略），有tactic的人tact
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position: (25, 5)

正面: tactile
definition: 【考法】adj. 有触觉的,能触知的:perceptible by touch: tangible
[例] The thick brushstrokes give the painting a tactile quality. 粘稠的笔触给了这幅画一种厚实的感觉。
symbol: ['tæktl]
zhuji: 【记】tact（n 触觉），ile－触觉的
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position: (25, 5)

正面: tactless
definition: 【考法】adj. 不机智的,笨拙的:bluntly inconsiderate or indiscreet
[例] tactless comments 不明智的评论
[近] graceless, ill-advised, imprudent, indelicate, injudicious, undiplomatic
[反] advisable, discreet, judicious, prudent, tactful, wise 小心谨慎的,明智的
symbol: ['tæktləs]
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position: (25, 5)

正面: talisman
definition: 【考法】n. 护身符:something worn or kept to bring good luck or keep away evil
[例] A pendant of white nephrite jade is often worn by Indians as a talisman to ward off heart disease. 印度人通常戴一串软玉挂件作为护身符,防止心脏病发作。
[近] amulet, fetish, mascot, mojo, periapt, phylactery
symbol: ['tælɪzmən]
zhuji: 【记】talis恶毒，man－恶毒的男人要戴护身符
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position: (25, 5)

正面: taint
definition: 【考法】vt. 使(品质)污损:to affect slightly with something morally bad or undesirable
[例] A tendency toward conceitedness taints that athlete's status as a role model. 该运动员自负的倾向玷污了其行为模范的地位。
[近] blemish, darken, mar, spoil, tarnish, vitiate
[派] tainted adj. 污损的
[反] pristine, unspoiled, wholesome, unadulterated 纯洁的,健全的
symbol: [teɪnt]
zhuji: 【记】源于：stain（n /v 玷污，染色）
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position: (25, 5)

正面: tamper
definition: 【考法1】v. 恶意窜改,损害:to handle thoughtlessly, ignorantly, or mischievously
[例] tamper with tradition 坏了规矩
[近] diddle with, fiddle with, fool with, mess with
【考法2】vi. 玩弄:to tinker with rashly or foolishly
[例] Don't tamper with my feelings. 不要玩弄我的感情。
symbol: ['tæmpər]
zhuji: 【记】源于：temper（v 锻炼；调节）错误的调节－tamper
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position: (25, 5)

正面: tangent
definition: 【考法】n./adj. 离题(的),不相关(的):diverging from an original purpose of course: irrelevant
[例] tangent remarks 不相关的评论
[近] excursive, digressive
[反] essential 重要的
symbol: ['tænʤənt]
zhuji: 【记】tang＝tag接触，ent－和圆接触的线－切线，离圆心比较远－离题
zhuji3000: 【根】 tang [touch] + -ent [a.&n.], 接触 (而没有交集) → n./a. 离题 (的),不相关 (的)
[注] tangent也指数学中的“切线”
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position: (25, 5)

正面: tangible
definition: 【考法1】adj. 可感知的:capable of being perceived
[近] palpable, touchable
[反] impalpable, intangible, unable to perceive 无法感知的
【考法2】adj. 确凿的,真实的:possible to be treated as fact; real or concrete
[例] tangible evidence 确凿的证据
symbol: ['tænʤəbl]
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position: (25, 5)

正面: tangy
definition: 【考法】adj. 刺激的:having a powerfully stimulating odor or flavor
[例] a tangy sauce with a strong aftertaste 味道刺激的酱料,回味无穷
[近] pungent, strong
[反] bland, mild, smooth不刺激的
symbol: ['tæŋi]
zhuji: 【记】读：烫鸡，特别烫的鸡的味道是扑鼻的。
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position: (25, 5)

正面: tantalize
definition: 【考法】vt. 激起,挑逗,引诱:to excite(another)by exposing something desirable while keeping it out of reach
[例] He was tantalized by the possibility of earning a lot of money quickly. 有人用迅速致富引诱他。
[反] comfort, console, solace, alleviate, assuage, relieve, satiate 安慰,缓和
symbol: ['tæntəlaɪz]
zhuji: 【记】源于：Tantalus丹达罗斯，因其犯罪而被打入阴间罚站在水中，当他想饮水时水流走，头上挂有水果，当他想拿水果时，水果却退开。Tan谈，tali＝tall，ze：谈论一个人的身高－挑逗
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position: (25, 5)

正面: tantamount
definition: 【考法】adj. 等价的,与…相等的:equivalent in value, significance, or effect
[例] a relationship tantamount to marriage 到了谈婚论嫁地步的关系
[反] incommensurate 不相称的
symbol: ['tæntəmaʊnt]
zhuji: 【记】tant相等，amount数量－相等的
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position: (25, 6)

正面: tantrum
definition: 【考法】n. 勃然大怒,发脾气:a fit of bad temper
[例] have a tantrum 大发脾气
[近] blowup, explosion, fit
[反] pacification 平静
symbol: ['tæntrəm]
zhuji: 【记】tant坍塌，rum＝room：房子坍塌了－发脾气
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position: (25, 6)

正面: taper
definition: 【考法1】v.(使)逐渐变细:to become gradually narrower or thinner toward one end
[例] taper to a point 逐渐变细成为一点
[近] abate, decline, diminish, dwindle, shrink, wane, drain away
【考法2】v. 逐渐减少,减弱:to diminish or lessen gradually
[例] The storm finally tapered off. 风暴逐渐平静下来。
[近] subside, die down, phase down, fall away, let up
symbol: ['teɪpər]
zhuji: 【记】源于：paper。Taper一个东西，使它变成paper。
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position: (25, 6)

正面: tardy
definition: 【考法1】adj. 缓慢的,迟缓的:moving slowly: sluggish
[例] He was tardy to work. 他做事拖拖拉拉。
[近] crawling, creeping, dallying, dawdling, dilatory, dragging, lagging, languid, sluggish
[反] bolting, brisk, fleet, flying, meteoric, rocketing, scooting, scudding, scurrying, swift, whirling 迅速的
【考法2】adj. 延后的,迟的:delayed beyond the expected or proper time
[例] a tardy arrival 迟到
[近] behind, belated, delinquent, overdue
[反] early, inopportune, precocious, premature, unseasonable, untimely 提早的
symbol: ['tɑ:rdi]
zhuji: 【记】源于：retard（v 延迟；使减速）
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position: (25, 6)

正面: tarnish
definition: 【考法】vt. 玷污:to affect slightly with something morally bad or undesirable
[例] An arrest for shoplifting tarnished her reputation. 因在商店行窃被捕玷污了她的名誉。
[近] blemish, mar, stain, vitiate
symbol: ['tɑ:rnɪ∫]
zhuji: 【记】读：踏你屎，用光泽的脚踏你的屎以后，鞋失去光泽。
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position: (25, 6)

正面: tasty
definition: 【考法】adj. 美味的;令人愉悦的:giving pleasure or contentment to the mind or senses
[例] the tasty prospect of getting his revenge 他报仇成功的诱人前景
[近] agreeable, delectable, delightful, satisfying, savory
[反] uninteresting, disagreeable, unpalatable, unpleasant, unwelcome 无趣的,令人失望的
symbol: ['teɪsti]
zhuji: 【记】源于：taste（v 品尝；n 味道）
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position: (25, 6)

正面: tatty
definition: 【考法】adj. 破旧的,褴褛的:somewhat worn, shabby, or dilapidated
[例] a tatty shirt 破旧的衬衣
[近] dilapidated, scruffy, seedy, sleazy, tatterdemalion, threadbare
[反] smart 整洁漂亮的
symbol: ['tæti]
zhuji: 【记】读：拖地，工作是拖地的人是衣衫褴褛的
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position: (25, 6)

正面: taunt
definition: 【考法】vt. 嘲弄性质疑,挑衅:to reproach or challenge in a mocking or insulting manner: jeer at
[例] The boys continually taunted each other. 男孩子们不断互相挑衅。
[近] bait, hassle, haze, heckle, needle, ride
symbol: [tɔ:nt]
zhuji: 【记】t踢，aunt姑奶奶：用嘲弄的方式踢姑奶奶
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position: (25, 6)

正面: taut
definition: 【考法1】adj. 紧绷的:not loose or flabby
[例] taut muscles 紧实的肌肉
[反] lax, loose, slack 松弛的
【考法2】adj. 整洁的:kept in proper order or condition, kept in trim shape; neat and tidy
[例] a taunt ship 保养得不错的船
[近] kempt, orderly, shipshape, trim
symbol: [tɔ:t]
zhuji: 【记】读：套它，用套索套住它，再收紧－紧的
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position: (25, 6)

正面: tawdry
definition: 【考法】adj. 俗丽的,花哨而庸俗的:cheap and gaudy in appearance or quality; ignoble
[例] a tawdry attempt to smear his opponent 企图污蔑对手的下三滥的手段
[近] meretricious, gaudy, flashy, garish
[反] exquisite 高雅的
symbol: ['tɔ:dri]
zhuji: 【记】tawd＝toad（n 癞蛤蟆），ry：看着象青蛙，其实是癞蛤蟆－俗丽的
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position: (25, 6)

正面: taxing
definition: 【考法】adj. 繁重的,费力的:requiring much time, effort, or careful attention
[例] The journey proved to be very taxing. 旅途很艰辛。
[近] arduous, burdensome, exacting, grueling, laborious, onerous, toilsome
[反] light, easy 轻快的
symbol: ['tæksɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】tax是人们taxing的负担。
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position: (25, 7)

正面: tedious
definition: 【考法】adj. 冗长乏味的:tiresome because of length or dullness: boring
[例] a tedious public ceremony 冗长无聊的公开仪式
[近] drab, dreary, jading, monotonous, stale, stodgy, stuffy, weary, drudging
[反] entertaining, absorbing, stimulating, engaging, engrossing, gripping, interesting, intriguing, involving, riveting 令人愉快的,吸引人的
symbol: ['ti:diəs]
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position: (25, 7)

正面: teeter
definition: 【考法1】vi. 蹒跚,不稳定地行走:to move unsteadily: wobble
[例] She teetered down the street in her high heels. 她穿着高跟鞋,摇摇晃晃地沿街走着。
[近] careen, dodder, lurch, reel
[反] stabilize 使…稳固
【考法2】vi. 犹豫不决:to show uncertainty about the right course of action
[例] He was teetering on the brink of making a decision about college. 他正在为选择哪所大学而犹豫不决。
[近] balance, dither, falter, hang back, scruple, shilly-shally, stagger, vacillate, waver, wobble
[反] dive in, plunge in 积极做
symbol: ['ti:tər]
zhuji: 【记】读：替他，因为他总是忧郁，所以替换他。
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position: (25, 7)

正面: teetotalism
definition: 【考法】n. 禁酒:the principle or practice of complete abstinence from alcoholic drinks
[反] intemperance 饮酒过度
symbol: [ˌti:'toʊtlizəm]
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position: (25, 7)

正面: telling
definition: 【考法】adj. 有效的,显著的:effective, expressive
[例] the most telling evidence 最有力的证据
[近] compelling, conclusive, convincing, forceful, persuasive, satisfying
[反] inconclusive, indecisive, ineffective, uncompelling, unconvincing, unpersuasive 无效的
symbol: ['telɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】tell说，ing：对小孩的说教是有突出效果的。
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position: (25, 7)

正面: temerity
definition: 【考法】n. 鲁莽,冒失:foolhardy disregard of danger; recklessness
[例] She was punished for her temerity. 她因冒失吃到了苦头。
[近] audacity, brashness, presumption, presumptuousness
[反] circumspection, cautious approach, pusillanimity 谨慎
symbol: [tə'merəti]
zhuji: 【记】读：替marry ty，替别人结婚的－鲁莽
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position: (25, 7)

正面: temporize
definition: 【考法】vi. 行动躲躲闪闪以争取时间、躲避争论等:to act evasively in order to gain time, avoid argument, or postpone a decision
[例] “Colonial officials ... ordered to enforce unpopular enactments, tended to temporize, to find excuses for evasion”(J. H. Parry)“被命令来执行不受欢迎法案的殖民地官员们倾向于敷衍了事,寻找逃避的理由”(J.H. 帕里)
symbol: ['tempəraɪz]
zhuji: 【记】tempor时间，ize－拖延时间"
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position: (25, 7)

正面: temperate
definition: 【考法1】adj.(言行举止)有分寸的:avoiding extremes in behavior or expression
[例] He is rather temperate in his appraisal of the movie, calling it good but not great. 他对这部电影的赞赏很适度,说其“还好”而不是“很棒”。
[反] immoderate, extreme, frivolous 极端的
【考法2】adj. 有节制的:given to or marked by restraint in the satisfaction of one's appetites
[例] a soft-spoken, serious-minded person of temperate habits 一个说话温和、认真严肃的人,其兴趣爱好都很适度
[近] abstentious, abstinent, continent, self-abnegating, self-denying, sober
[反] self-indulgent 放纵的
symbol: ['tempərət]
zhuji: 【记】temper（v 使温和；n 脾气），ate＝克制的
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position: (25, 7)

正面: tempestuous
definition: 【考法】adj. 突然的,剧烈的:marked by sudden or violent disturbance
[例] In terms of social change, the 1960s are generally considered the most tempestuous decade in recent American history. 就社会变革来说,20世纪60年代是近现代美国历史上最动荡的十年。
[近] cataclysmal, tumultuous, turbulent
[反] serene 平静的
symbol: [tem'pest∫uəs]
zhuji: 【记】temp＝temper脾气，est最，uous多：脾气暴躁的；暴风雨的
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position: (25, 7)

正面: tenable
definition: 【考法】adj. 有据可依的,无懈可击的:capable of being held or defended; reasonable
[例] a tenable theory 一个站得住脚的理论‖a tenable outpost 一个守得住的前哨
[近] defendable, justifiable, maintainable, supportable, sustainable
[反] unjustified, unsound, specious, indefensible, fallacious 不合理的
symbol: ['tenəbl]
zhuji: 【记】ten拿住，able－能拿住理由的－站得住脚的
zhuji3000: 【根】 ten [hold] + -able [a., able], able to hold → a.有据可依的,无懈可击的
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position: (25, 7)

正面: tenacious
definition: 【考法1】adj. 顽固的,不屈不挠的:persistent in maintaining something valued or habitual
[例] a tenacious advocate of civil rights 公民权利的坚定捍卫者
[近] dogged, insistent, persevering, pertinacious
[反] negotiable, vacillated 可商量的,踌躇的
【考法2】adj. 粘着的:tending to adhere to objects upon contact
[例] You'll have enough time getting those tenacious gum off of your wool sweater. 你有足够的时候去把羊毛毛衣上面那块粘着的泡泡糖弄下来。
[近] adherent, adhesive, clingy, glutinous, tacky, viscid
[反] nonadhesive 不具有粘性的
symbol: [tə'neɪ∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】ten拿住，acious－拿住不放－固执的
zhuji3000: 【根】 ten [hold] + -acious [a., 程度深], hold firmly → a. 顽固的,不屈不挠的;粘着的
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position: (25, 8)

正面: tendentious
definition: 【考法】adj. 有偏见的:marked by a tendency in favor of a particular point of view: biased
[例] He made some extremely tendentious remarks. 他的一些评论颇具偏向性。
[近] partial, distorting, subjective, biased
[反] unbiased, unprejudiced 公平的
symbol: [ten'den∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】源于：tendence（n 趋势；趋向）导致偏见tend倾向，entious－有倾向的－有偏见的
zhuji3000: 【根】 tend [stretch] + -ent + - (i) ous [a.], (见解向某个方向) 伸展的 → a. 有偏见的
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position: (25, 8)

正面: tender
definition: 【考法1】vt. 正式提出:to offer formally
[例] tender a letter of resignation 正式提交辞职信
[近] extend, proffer, trot out
[反] withdraw 撤回
【考法2】adj. 考虑周到的,关心同情的:having or marked by sympathy and consideration for others
[例] an especially tender teacher who loves having kids with special educational needs in her class 特别无微不至的老师,爱着那些需要特别教育的孩子们
[近] beneficent, benevolent, benignant, compassionate, softhearted
[反] atrocious, barbarous, bestial, brutal, callous, cruel, fiendish, inhuman, insensate, sadistic, savage, truculent, uncompassionate, vicious 尖酸刻薄的
symbol: ['tendər]
zhuji: 【记】tender作为“温柔的”意思大家都熟悉，温柔的提出才能让人接受
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position: (25, 8)

正面: tenuous
definition: 【考法】adj. 没有实际内容的,空洞的:having little substance; flimsy
[例] a tenuous argument 站不住脚的论点
[反] substantial 实质的
symbol: ['tenjuəs]
zhuji: 【记】tenu薄，细，ous－细薄的
zhuji3000: 【根】 tenu [thin] + -ous [a.], (of content) thin, (内容) 浅薄的 → a. 没有实际内容的,空洞的
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position: (25, 8)

正面: tepid
definition: 【考法】adj. 不太热心的:showing little or no interest or enthusiasm
[例] a tepid response 冷漠的回应‖the tepid conservatism of the fifties 五十年代那种温和的保守主义
[近] lukewarm, halfhearted, uneager, unenthusiastic
[反] ardent, ebullient, feverish, keen, passionate, wholehearted 热心的
symbol: ['tepɪd]
zhuji: 【记】读：太屁的，踢球踢得太屁了，所以观众反应tepid。读：抬屁的－做什么事情都抬屁股走人－不热情的
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position: (25, 8)

正面: terminology
definition: 【考法】n. 专业术语:the special terms or expressions of a particular group or field
[例] the terminology favored by sportscasters 体育节目转播员喜欢用的那些术语‖medical terminology that can be hard for the patient to understand 那些病人们难以理解的医学术语
[近] argot, cant, dialect, jargon, jive, lingo, patois, patter, slang
symbol: [ˌtɜ:rmə'nɑ:ləʤi]
zhuji: 【记】term（n 术语），inology学科－术语学
zhuji3000: 【根】 termin [term, 术语] + o [连字符] + log [speak] + -y [n.], a (formal) speaking of term → n. 专业术语
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position: (25, 8)

正面: terminus
definition: 【考法】n. 终点,终点站:the final point;the end
[例] Stockholm is the terminus for the southbound train. 斯德哥尔摩是向南去的列车的终点站。
[反] outset, sustain 开始,持续
symbol: ['tɜ:rmɪnəs]
zhuji3000: 【根】 termin [end] + -us [n.], ending → n. 终点,终点站
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position: (25, 8)

正面: terror
definition: 【考法】n. 极度恐惧:a state of intense fear
[例] Many civilians fled in terror. 很多黎民百姓极度恐慌,逃难去了。
[近] anxiety, dread, fearfulness, fright, horror, panic, trepidation
symbol: ['terər]
zhuji: 【记】读：太弱，你太弱了，恐怖片都不敢看。
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position: (25, 8)

正面: terse
definition: 【考法】adj. 简洁的,简明的:brief and to the point; effectively concise
[例] He dismissed me with a terse“no”. 他用一个简单的“不”把我打发了。
[近] compact, compendious, laconic, pithy, succinct
[反] circuitous, circumlocutory, diffuse, long-winded, prolix, rambling, verbose, windy, wordy 冗长啰嗦的
symbol: [tɜ:rs]
zhuji: 【记】读：特死，就是特务死了的简便说法－简洁的
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position: (25, 8)

正面: testimony
definition: 【考法】n. 证词,声明:firsthand authentication of a fact
[例] The jury heard 10 days of testimony. 陪审团进行了10天的听证。
[近] attestation, confirmation, documentation, substantiation, testament, validation
[反] disproof [反]驳
symbol: ['testɪmoʊni]
zhuji: 【记】testi＝testify（v 证明；作证），mony－证言
zhuji3000: 【根】 test [witness] + -imony [n.], witness (法律上的) → n. 证词,声明
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position: (25, 8)

正面: testy
definition: 【考法】adj. 易怒的,暴躁的:easily annoyed: irritable
[例] That coworker would be easier to get along with if she weren't so testy all the time. 如果那个同事不是一直那么易怒的话,她还是挺好相处的。
[近] choleric, irascible, peevish, perverse, pettish, petulant
[反] affable, good humor, unable to irritate, imperturbable, patient 和蔼可亲的,冷静的,有耐心的
symbol: ['testi]
zhuji: 【记】test考试，y－总是考试－不耐烦的
zhuji3000: 【联】 test [测验] + -y [a.], “考试多”的结果 → a. 易怒的,暴躁的
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position: (25, 9)

正面: tether
definition: 【考法1】vt.(用绳、铁链)拴系,束缚:to fasten or restrain by or as if by a tether
[例] They tethered the horses in the shade. 他们把马拴在棚子里。
[反] detach, tear loose 分开,撕裂
【考法2】n. 能力或忍耐力的极限:the limit of one's strength or resources
[例] drought-stricken farmers at the end of their tether 受干旱打击的农民已经忍无可忍
symbol: ['teðər]
zhuji: 【记】读：太子，需要束缚，否则难成大气。
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position: (25, 9)

正面: theatrical
definition: 【考法】adj. 做作的,夸张的,矫揉造作的:marked by exaggerated self-display and unnatural behavior
[例] assume a theatrical pose 摆出夸张的姿势
[近] dramatic, histrionic, melodramatic, stagy
[反] natural, understated, reserved, restraint 自然的,保留的
symbol: [θi'ætrɪkl]
zhuji: 【记】theatr＝theater（n 剧场），ical－戏剧的；矫揉造作的
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position: (25, 9)

正面: therapeutic
definition: 【考法】adj. 治疗的,有疗效的:of or relating to the treatment of disease or disorders by remedial agents or methods
[例] Gentle exercise can be therapeutic for hospital patients. 适量的运动对病人恢复有好处。
[近] curative, healing, officinal, remedial, restorative
symbol: [ˌθerə'pju:tɪk]
zhuji: 【记】therap＝therapy（n 治疗），eutic－治疗的
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position: (25, 9)

正面: thorny
definition: 【考法1】adj. 多刺的:full of thorns
[例] Stay out of the thorny brambles unless you want a ton of scratches. 离那些长满刺的荆棘丛远一点,除非你想满身都是窟窿。
[反] smooth 平滑的
【考法2】adj. 棘手的:full of difficulties or controversial points: ticklish
[例] a thorny problem 棘手的问题
[近] catchy, delicate, knotty, prickly, ticklish
symbol: ['θɔ:rni]
zhuji: 【记】thorn（n 荆棘），th死，orn装饰：用荆棘可以装饰死你。
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position: (25, 9)

正面: threadbare
definition: 【考法1】adj. 陈腐的:overused to the point of being worn out; hackneyed
[例] a novel filled with nothing but threadbare clichés 一部满是陈词滥调的小说
[近] banal, cliché, commonplace, hackney, shopworn, trite
【考法2】adj. 贫穷的:lacking money or material possessions
[例] She never knew that she had so many threadbare relatives until she won the lottery. 赢了彩票之后才知道她有这么多穷亲戚。
[近] beggared, destitute, down-and-out, famished, impecunious, impoverished, indigent, necessitous, needful, pauperized, penniless, penurious, poverty-stricken, skint
[反] affluent, deep-pocketed, flush, opulent, silk-stocking, wealthy, well-heeled, well-off, well-to-do 富裕的
【考法3】adj. 破烂的:worn or torn into or as if into rags
[例] I love that threadbare shirt, but after 10 years of wear, it is time to throw it away. 我很喜欢那件旧旧的衬衣,但是已经穿了10年了,是该扔了。
[近] frayed, raggedy, ratty, seedy, shabby, tattered, worn-out
symbol: ['θredber]
zhuji: 【记】thread线，bare（v 露出）一磨破以至粗线都露了出来的－
zhuji3000: 【根】 thread [线] + bare [裸露],里面的线露出来 (例如电线的外皮被磨掉) → 陈腐的;贫穷的;破烂的
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position: (25, 9)

正面: throng
definition: 【考法】v./n. 大量聚集:to crowd together in great numbers
[例] commuters thronging the MTR platform 持月票的乘客拥向地铁站
[近] flock, mob, swarm
symbol: [θrɔ:ŋ]
zhuji: 【记】th死，rong冗：死人冗余了－群集
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position: (25, 9)

正面: thwart
definition: 【考法】vt. 阻挠:to oppose successfully
[例] She did all she could to thwart his plans. 她竭尽所能阻挠他的计划。
[近] baffle, balk, checkmate, discomfit
[反] advance, cultivate, encourage, forward, foster, further, nurture, promote, support, aid, bolster, abet, foment, facilitate 促进,支持
symbol: [θwɔ:rt]
zhuji: 【记】th死，war，t：他要死在战场上了，赶快阻挠。
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position: (25, 9)

正面: ticklish
definition: 【考法1】adj. 易怒的:easily offended or upset; touchy
[例] He is always ticklish whenever people refer to his baldness. 大家一提起他的秃头,他就暴怒。
[近] huffy, tetchy, thin-skinned
[反] imperturbable 镇静的
【考法2】adj. 棘手的,对技巧要求高的:requiring exceptional skill or caution in performance or handling
[例] Trying to tell him that his zipper is down without embarrassing him will be a ticklish task. 如何体面得体地提醒他拉链没关好是一个技巧活儿。
[近] catchy, delicate, difficult, dodgy, knotty, prickly, problematic, sensitive, spiny, sticky, thorny, touchy, tough, tricksy
symbol: ['tɪklɪ∫]
zhuji: 【记】源于：tickle（v 胳肢；使发痒），tick＝stick（n 小棍），le乐：用小棍使你乐－使发痒。
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position: (25, 9)

正面: tiff
definition: 【考法】n./v. 小争吵:a petty quarrel
[例] The couple got into a little tiff about what color sheets to buy for their bed. 夫妇俩对于买什么颜色的床单争吵起来。
[近] altercate, bicker, brabble, hassle, quarrel, quibble, row, scrap, spat, squabble
symbol: [tɪf]
zhuji: 【记】ti踢，ff夫人：不小心踢了自己的夫人一脚，引起小争吵。
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position: (25, 9)

正面: tightfisted
definition: 【考法】adj. 吝啬的:close-fisted; stingy
[例] The company is pretty tightfisted when it comes to bonuses. 这个公司分红的时候很吝啬。
[近] mean, miserly, parsimonious, penurious, sparing, stinting
[反] bounteous, bountiful, charitable, freehanded, generous, liberal, munificent, openhanded, unsparing, unstinting 慷慨大方的
symbol: ['taɪtˌfɪstɪd]
zhuji: 【记】tight（adj 紧的；吝啬的），fist（n /v 拳头；抓牢），ed：勒紧裤腰带，抓牢钱包－吝啬的
zhuji3000: 【根】 tight [紧] + fist [拳头] + -ed [a.], 拳头 (握钱握得) 紧 → a. 吝啬的
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position: (25, 10)

正面: timeworn
definition: 【考法】adj. 陈腐的:hackneyed, stale
[例] timeworn jokes 老掉牙的笑话
[近] banal, cliché, commonplace, hackneyed, stereotyped, threadbare, trite
[反] fresh, new, novel, original, unclichéd, unhackneyed 新奇的
symbol: ['taɪmˌwɔ:rn]
zhuji: 【记】time时间，worn（adj 用旧的）：陈旧的
zhuji3000: 【根】 time [时间] + worn [用旧的], 久经时间,用旧的 → a. 陈腐的
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position: (25, 10)

正面: timid
definition: 【考法】adj. 胆小的,不自信的:lacking in courage or self-confidence
[例] He gave her a timid smile. 他给了她一个羞赧的微笑。
[近] fainthearted, fearsome, scary, timorous, tremulous
[反] stalwart, adventurous, audacious, bold, daring, dashing, gutsy, venturous 坚定勇敢的
symbol: ['tɪmɪd]
zhuji: 【记】tim胆小，id：胆小的。参：timorous（adj 胆子小的）
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position: (25, 10)

正面: timorous
definition: 【考法】adj. 胆小的:of a timid disposition: fearful
[例] be as timorous as a rabbit 像兔子一样胆小
[近] timid, undaring, quailing, recoiling, scary, skittish
[反] stalwart, intrepid, adventurous, audacious, bold, daring, dashing, gutsy, venturous 大胆的
symbol: ['tɪmərəs]
zhuji: 【记】tim胆小，orous－胆怯的
zhuji3000: 【根】 tim [fear] + -or [a.] + -ous [a.], (容易) 害怕的 → a. 胆小的
[近] timid [a. 胆小的, 不自信的] 也来自词根tim [fear, 害怕]
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position: (25, 10)

正面: tinge
definition: 【考法】vt. 给…着上少量的色彩:to color with a slight shade or stain: tint
[例] Just slightly tinge the frosting with yellow food coloring to give it a lemony look. 略微在霜糖表面加一点黄色色素,有一点柠檬的感觉就可以了。
[近] dye, pigment, stain, tincture, tint, suffuse
[反] decolorize 使脱色
symbol: [tɪnʤ]
zhuji: 【记】源于：tint（n 色泽；v 给…淡淡地着色）
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position: (25, 10)

正面: tinker
definition: 【考法】v. 乱修,乱调整:to handle thoughtlessly, ignorantly, or mischievously
[例] tinker with the engine 胡乱调整发动机
[近] diddle with, fiddle with, fool with, mess with, toy with, twiddle with
[反] adjust, repair 调整,修理
symbol: ['tɪŋkər]
zhuji: 【记】tin（n 锡；易拉罐），ker：修理易拉罐的人－笨拙的修理
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position: (25, 10)

正面: tint
definition: 【考法】v. 涂浅色,微染:apply a usually slight or pale coloration to
[例] tint with only one color 只用一种颜色染色
[近] dye, pigment, stain, tincture, tinge, suffuse
[反] decolorize 使脱色
symbol: [tɪnt]
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position: (25, 10)

正面: tirade
definition: 【考法】n. 长篇抨击性演讲:a long angry or violent speech, usually of a censorious or denunciatory nature; a diatribe
[例] a tirade of angry protest 一个表达愤怒的抗议的长篇抨击性演讲
[近] harangue, diatribe, jeremiad, philippic, rant
[反] eulogy, encomium, panegyric, tribute 颂词
symbol: ['taɪreɪd]
zhuji: 【记】tir＝tire类，ade进攻性－类而有进攻性的演说－长篇攻击性愤怒演说
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position: (25, 10)

正面: toady
definition: 【考法】n./v. 马屁精;拍马屁:one who flatters in the hope of gaining favors
[例] He criticized that I was a toady. 他批评说我是一个马屁精。
[近] sycophant, groveler, flatterer
symbol: ['toʊdi]
zhuji: 【记】toad（n 癞蛤蟆），y：toad想吃天鹅肉的时候要做马屁精。
zhuji3000: 【源】 toady [n. 马屁精 v. 拍马屁] 来自“toadeater” [吃蛤蟆的人] 的缩写形式。古时人们普遍认为蛤蟆有毒,所以江湖郎中兜售药品的常用伎俩是医治“吃蛤蟆中毒的人”。有些知道蛤蟆无毒的人 (尤其是郎中的学徒) 故意吃蛤蟆并装作中毒的样子让郎中去医治,以谄媚江湖郎中。所以toady有了“马屁精; 拍马屁”的含义。
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position: (25, 10)

正面: tonic
definition: 【考法】adj. 滋补的,有益健康的:producing or stimulating physical, mental, or emotional vigor; beneficial to the health of body or mind
[例] tonic medicine 补药
[近] medicinal, restorative, salubrious, salutary, salutiferous, sanative, wholesome
[反] insalubrious, noxious, unhealthful, unhealthy, unwholesome 不健康的
Civil and Environmental Engineering)
symbol: ['tɑ:nɪk]
zhuji: 【记】读：偷你颗，偷你一颗滋补药。
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position: (25, 10)

正面: topsy-turvy
definition: 【考法】adj. 混乱的,不整洁的:lacking in order, neatness, and often cleanliness; totally disordered
[例] The office is still topsy-turvy even though we moved in months ago. 尽管我们几个月前就搬了进来,办公室还是混乱不堪。‖turn our ordered life topsy-turvy 把我们原本有序的生活彻底打乱
[近] chaotic, confused, disarranged, disarrayed, disheveled, disorderly, jumbled, messed, rumpled, sloppy, unkempt, untidy
[反] bandbox, crisp, kempt, neat, orderly, organized, shipshape, tidy, trim, well-ordered 整洁的,有序的
symbol: [ˌtɑ:psi'tɜ:rvi]
zhuji: 【记】topsy＝top，turvy＝turn：上下颠倒的
zhuji3000: 【联】 topsy [top] + turvy [turn], top turn, 顶部翻转,乱七八糟 → a. 混乱的
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position: (31, 6)

正面: torpid
definition: 【考法1】adj. 麻木的,没有知觉的:lacking in sensation or feeling
[例] My tongue and throat remained torpid for a time following the endoscopy. 胃镜检查之后,我的舌头和喉咙一直是麻木的。
[近] asleep, benumbed, dead, insensitive, numbed, unfeeling
[反] feeling, sensible, sensitive 有同情心的,敏感的
【考法2】adj. 迟钝的,行动迟缓的:slow to move or act
[例] a torpid sloth that refused to budge off its tree branch 趴在树枝上一动不动的树獭
[近] dull, inert, lethargic, quiescent, sleepy, sluggish, torpid
[反] active 活跃的
symbol: ['tɔ:rpɪd]
zhuji: 【记】读：脱皮的，在海边玩，因为懒散不下水只晒太阳－脱皮的－懒散的
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position: (26, 1)

正面: torpor
definition: 【考法1】n. 缺乏兴趣:lack of interest or concern
[例] After a lifetime of setbacks, defeats, and failures, he could only greet the latest bad news with a resigned fatalism and dull torpor. 一生都充满了挫折、失败,他只能用宿命论和麻木不仁来迎接又一次的坏消息。
[近] apathy, casualness, complacence, disinterestedness, disregard, incuriosity, insouciance, nonchalance
[反] concern, interest, regard 有兴趣
【考法2】n.(肉体或精神上的)迟钝,懒散:physical or mental inertness
[例] Following Thanksgiving dinner, we spent the rest of the day lounging about in a contented torpor. 吃完感恩节晚餐后,我们慵懒地靠在沙发上度过剩下的时间。
[近] languor, lassitude, listlessness, stupor
[反] vigor, vim, vitality, vivacity 活力
symbol: ['tɔ:rpər]
zhuji: 【记】源于：torpid（adj 懒散的）
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position: (26, 1)

正面: torrential
definition: 【考法】adj. 急流的:caused by or resulting from action of rapidstreams
[例] a torrential rain 倾盆大雨
[反] trickling 涓涓细流的
symbol: [tə'ren∫l]
zhuji: 【记】torrent（n 急流），ial：奔流的tor转，ren人，tial：奔流产生漩涡，能把人转起来。
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position: (26, 1)

正面: torrid
definition: 【考法1】adj. 酷热的:intensely hot
[例] the dry, torrid summers in southern Arizona 南亚利桑那州干燥、炎热的夏天
[近] hot, scalding, scorching, sweltering
[反] arctic, bone-chilling, freezing, frigid, frozen, glacial, icy 寒冷的
【考法2】adj. 热情的,情感深厚的:having or expressing great depth of feeling
[例] torrid love affair 炙热的爱
[近] ardent, burning, fervid, flaming, glowing, impassioned, incandescent, intense, passionate, vehement
[反] dispassionate, emotionless, impassive, unemotional 冷漠的
symbol: ['tɔ:rɪd]
zhuji: 【记】读：特热的－酷热的
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position: (26, 1)

正面: tortuous
definition: 【考法】adj. 转弯抹角的:marked by devious or indirect tactics: crooked, tricky
[例] a tortuous path 一条蜿蜒的道路
[近] bending, curling, curvy, devious, serpentine, sinuous, twisted, windy
[反] direct, straightforward 直接的
symbol: ['tɔ:rt∫uəs]
zhuji: 【记】tort转，uous－弯曲的
zhuji3000: 【根】 tort [twist] + -(u)ous [a.], twist (instead of “direct”), 以一种曲折的方式表达 → a. 转弯抹角的
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position: (26, 1)

正面: tout
definition: 【考法】vt. 极力赞扬:to promote or praise energetically; publicize
[例] tout victory in the war 鼓吹战果
[近] acclaim, laud, praise, ballyhoo
[反] asperse, censure, denounce, berate, rate, revile, vituperate 指责
symbol: [taʊt]
zhuji: 【记】读：套他，用套子把行人套进商店－以一种厚颜无耻的方法招徕顾客，然后吹捧自己的产品。
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position: (26, 1)

正面: toy
definition: 【考法】vi. 草率或不认真地对待:to handle thoughtlessly, ignorantly, or mischievously
[例] That microscope is a delicate instrument, not something to be toyed with. 那台显微镜是精密仪器,不是随随便便的一个玩具。
[近] diddle with, fiddle with, fool with, mess with, monkey with, tinker with, twiddle with
symbol: [tɔɪ]
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position: (26, 1)

正面: tractable
definition: 【考法】adj. 易驾驭的,温顺的:readily giving in to the command or authority of another
[例] a tractable horse 一匹温顺的马
[近] obedient, amenable, docile, flexible, manageable, compliant, submissive, tame
[反] balky, contumacious, defiant, disobedient, incompliant, insubordinate, obstreperous, rebellious, recalcitrant, refractory, restive, unamenable, ungovernable, unruly, untoward, wayward, willful 任性的,难以驯服的
symbol: ['træktəbl]
zhuji: 【记】tract拉，able：原指牲口拉得动的－温顺的
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position: (26, 1)

正面: tranquility
definition: 【考法】n. 宁静,淡定:a state of freedom from storm or disturbance
[例] enjoyed the tranquillity of the snow-covered field at dusk 享受傍晚时分被雪覆盖的田野的静谧
[近] calm, quiet, silence, serenity
[反] bustle, commotion, hubbub, pandemonium, tumult, turmoil, unquietness, unrest, uproar 喧闹,骚乱
symbol: [træŋ'kwɪləti]
zhuji: 【记】tranquil（adj 安静的），tran＝trans转变，quil＝quiet（adj 静止的；宁静的）；参：tranquilizer（n 镇定剂）
zhuji3000: 【根】 tran(s) - [over] + qui(l) [quiet] + -ity[n.], over quiet, 十分安静 → n. 宁静,淡定
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position: (26, 1)

正面: transcend
definition: 【考法】vt. 超越,超过极限:to rise above or go beyond the limits of
[例] a person who believes that any true understanding of God transcends human intelligence 认为对上帝的真正理解是超越人类智商极限的人
[近] break, outreach, outrun, overpass, overreach, overrun, overshoot, overstep, surpass
symbol: [træn'send]
zhuji: 【记】tran超过，scend爬－爬过－超越
zhuji3000: 【根】 tran (s) - [across] + scend [climb], climb across → vt. 超越,超过极限
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position: (26, 2)

正面: transfigure
definition: 【考法】vt. 使改变外观:to alter the outward appearance of; transform
[例] transfigure the AutoCAD drawings with elegant symbols 用优美的符号使AutoCAD图变得美观
[近] alchemize, metamorphose, transform, transmute, transpose, transubstantiate, make over
symbol: [træns'fɪgjər]
zhuji: 【记】trans改变，figure形象
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position: (26, 2)

正面: transgress
definition: 【考法】vt. 违背;犯错:to fail to keep; to commit an offense
[例] Don't even think about transgressing the drug laws of that Asian country, for punishments are severe and there's nothing that our government can do to intervene. 别指望违背那个亚洲国家的药品相关法,因为惩罚非常严厉,我们政府完全无法干涉。
[近] breach, break, contravene, fracture, infringe, offend, traduce
[反] follow, mind, obey, observe, comply with, conform to 遵守
symbol: [trænz'gres]
zhuji: 【记】trans横，gress走－横着走－违反
zhuji3000: 【根】 trans- [across] + gress [step], step across (rules), 踏过 (规则) → vt. 违背;犯错
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position: (26, 2)

正面: transient
definition: 【考法】adj. 短暂的,瞬时的:passing with time; transitory
[例] transient pleasure 短暂的快乐
[近] transitory, ephemeral, evanescent, fleeting, temporary
[反] ceaseless, dateless, deathless, endless, enduring, eternal, everlasting, immortal, lasting, long-lived, permanent, perpetual, timeless, undying, unending 永恒持久的
symbol: ['træn∫nt]
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position: (26, 2)

正面: transitory
definition: 【考法】adj. 短暂的:existing or lasting only a short time; short-lived or temporary
[例] Most of life's joys are transitory. 尘世间的欢乐都是过眼烟云,转瞬即逝。
[近] transient, ephemeral, evanescent, fleeting, temporary
[反] ceaseless, dateless, deathless, endless, enduring, eternal, everlasting, immortal, lasting, long-lived, permanent, perpetual, timeless, undying, unending 永恒持久的
symbol: ['trænsətɔ:ri]
zhuji: 【记】trans转，itory－转瞬的
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position: (26, 2)

正面: translucent
definition: 【考法】adj. 透明的:permitting the passage of light; clear, transparent
[例] translucent dewdrop 透明的露珠
[近] transparent, limpid, pellucid, lucent, lucid, transpicuous
[反] opaque 不透明的
symbol: [træns'lu:snt]
zhuji: 【记】trans穿过，luc＝lucid（adj 明晰的；透光的），ent－光线能穿过－（半）透明的
zhuji3000: 【根】 tran- [through] + luc [light] + -ent [a.], light through → a. 透明的
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position: (26, 2)

正面: transparent
definition: 【考法1】adj. 透明的:capable of transmitting light
[近] translucent, limpid, pellucid, lucent, lucid, transpicuous
[反] cloudy, opaque 不透明的
【考法2】adj. 没有歧义的,清晰易懂的:not subject to misinterpretation or more than one interpretation
[例] His meaning in leaving the conversation is transparent: he doesn't want to talk about his combat experiences. 他结束这个话题的意图很明显:不想谈论当年参战的经历。
[近] obvious, clear, apparent, patent, understandable, apprehensible, comprehensible, fathomable
[反] ambiguous, clouded, cryptic, enigmatic, equivocal, indistinct, mysterious, obfuscated, obscure, unapparent, unclarified, unclear, unclouded 难以理解的
symbol: [træns'pærənt]
zhuji: 【记】trans穿过，parent－光线可以穿过－透明的
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position: (26, 2)

正面: travail
definition: 【考法】n./v. 辛苦劳动:work, especially when arduous or involving painful effort
[例] writer's literary travail 作家辛勤的文学创作‖Labor Day is the day on which we recognize those men and women who daily travail with little appreciation or compensation. 劳动节是我们向那些平日辛勤劳作但是很少受到大家关注并得到应有补偿的工人致敬的日子。
[近] drudgery, fatigue, grind
symbol: ['træveɪl]
zhuji: 【记】trav＝tran转，ail（v 生小病）：转变成生小病，因为艰苦的劳动ail读：哎哟－生小病的叫声
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position: (26, 2)

正面: traverse
definition: 【考法】vt. 横穿:to travel or pass across, over, or through
[例] The spider traversed the wall from end to end. 蜘蛛侠攀岩走壁。
[近] course, cover, cross, cut across, navigate, pass over, perambulate, peregrinate, proceed along, transit, travel
symbol: [trə'vɜ:rs]
zhuji: 【记】tra横，verse转一横过
zhuji3000: 【根】 tra- [across] + vers [turn] + -e [v.], turn across → vt. 横穿
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position: (26, 2)

正面: travesty
definition: 【考法】n./v. 拙劣的、嘲弄性模仿:an exaggerated or grotesque imitation, such as a parody of a literary work
[例] a travesty of his classmate's manner 滑稽的模仿其他同学的举止
[近] caricature, burlesque, parody, spoof, mock
[反] paragon 完美的模范
symbol: ['trævəsti]
zhuji: 【记】tra横，vest穿衣，y－横过来穿衣－滑稽模仿
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position: (26, 2)

正面: treacherous
definition: 【考法】adj. 背叛的:marked by betrayal of fidelity, confidence, or trust
[例] a treacherous ally 不忠的盟友
[近] faithless, disloyal, perfidious, recreant, traitorous, unfaithful, unloyal, betraying
[反] constant, dedicated, devoted, staunch, down-the-line, faithful, fast, loyal, steadfast, steady, true 忠诚的
symbol: ['tret∫ərəs]
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position: (26, 3)

正面: trenchant
definition: 【考法1】adj. 锐利的:keen, sharp
[例] Even the most trenchant sword could not sever the bonds of loyalty between them. 即使最锋利的刀剑也不能切断他们之间的忠诚。
[近] keen, sharp
[反] blunt, blunted, dull, obtuse 钝的
【考法2】adj.(言辞)一针见血的:vigorously effective and articulate
[例] trenchant criticisms 一针见血的批评
[近] incisive
[反] vague 含糊的
symbol: ['trent∫ənt]
zhuji: 【记】trench（n 壕沟），ant－说话像挖沟－入木三分的
zhuji3000: 【根】 trench [cut] + -ant [a.], (刀) 切 → a. 锐利的;言辞切中要害 → a. (言辞) 一针见血的
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position: (26, 3)

正面: trepidation
definition: 【考法】n. 恐惧,战栗:the emotion experienced in the presence or threat of danger; apprehension
[例] trepidation about starting a new career 对开创一项新事业感到恐惧
[近] fear, fright, horror, apprehension
[反] boldness, bravery, dauntlessness, intrepidity 大胆
symbol: [ˌtrepɪ'deɪ∫n]
zhuji: 【记】读：踹屁dation，别人要踹你的屁股－害怕，胆小
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position: (26, 3)

正面: trespass
definition: 【考法】vi. 非法侵入;违反,冒犯:to enter unlawfully upon the land of another; to commit an offense
[例] I consider him to be trespassing against all of us when he trespasses against any one of us. 当他冒犯我们当中一个人的时候,他就冒犯了我们全部。
[近] transgress, invade, intrude
[反] withdraw, retreat 撤退
symbol: ['trespəs]
zhuji: 【记】tres横，pass过－横过某人的地盘－侵犯
zhuji3000: 【根】 tres- [trans-, across] + pass [pass], pass across (without permission) → vi. 非法入侵;违反;冒犯
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position: (26, 3)

正面: tribute
definition: 【考法】n. 称颂,颂词:a gift, payment, declaration, or other acknowledgment of gratitude, respect, or admiration
[例] pay a high tribute to 赞颂
[近] accolade, eulogy, encomium, panegyric, tribute 颂词
[反] denunciation, condemnation, criticism, censure, reproof, reprobation 批评,指责
symbol: ['trɪbju:t]
zhuji: 【记】trib＝tribe（n 部落），ute：部落之间要相互赞颂。
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position: (26, 3)

正面: trickle
definition: 【考法】vi. 一滴一滴地流,缓缓地流:to issue or fall in drops
[例] Tears trickled down her cheeks. 眼泪从她的脸上一滴一滴地流下。
[反] pour, roll, stream, gush 喷涌
symbol: ['trɪkl]
zhuji: 【记】象声词
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position: (26, 3)

正面: trite
definition: 【考法】adj. 陈腐的,陈词滥调的:hackneyed or boring from much use, not fresh or original
[例] “You win some, you lose some”is a trite expression.“有得必有失”是老生常谈了。
[近] bathetic, cliché, hackneyed, threadbare, timeworn, banal
[反] fresh, new, novel, original, unclichéd, unhackneyed新鲜的
symbol: [traɪt]
zhuji: 【记】tri三流，te小：三流的小话语－陈词滥调的读：踹他－整天说陈词滥调的人就用脚踹他。
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position: (26, 3)

正面: trivial
definition: 【考法】adj. 琐碎的,无足轻重的:of little worth or importance
[例] Why spend so much time on trivial decisions, like whether the cola should be regular or diet? 为什么花这么多时间在这种琐碎的决定上,比如可乐要喝一般的还是健怡的?
[近] inconsiderable, insignificant, minor, petty, inconsequential, paltry, trifling
[反] consequential, material, momentous, weighty, indispensable, substantive, grandiose, massive 重要的
symbol: ['trɪviəl]
zhuji: 【记】tri三，vial：三流的－琐碎的
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position: (26, 3)

正面: truant
definition: 【考法】adj./n./vi. 逃避责任(的);逃避责任者:shirking responsibility; one who shirks duty
[例] play truant 逃学
[近] shirk, malinger, goldbrick, avoid, escape, evade, parry, sidestep, circumvent, fence, hedge, avert, elude, shun, skirt, dodge, bilk, eschew
[反] dutiful 尽职尽责的
symbol: ['tru:ənt]
zhuji: 【记】tru＝truth真，ant蚂蚁：真正的蚂蚁是不上学的－逃学者
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position: (26, 3)

正面: truce
definition: 【考法】n. 休战,休战协定:a suspension of fighting especially of considerable duration by agreement of opposing forces
[例] truce agreement 休战协议
[近] armistice, cease-fire, peace
symbol: [tru:s]
zhuji: 【记】tru真，ce读：死，真的出现了人员的伤亡－停战
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position: (26, 3)

正面: truculent
definition: 【考法1】adj. 尖酸刻薄的:marked by harsh insulting language
[例] a theater critic who was notorious for his titanically truculent reviews 一个以超大量尖酸刻薄言论著称的话剧评论家
[近] contumelious, invective, opprobrious, scurrilous, vitriolic, vituperative
【考法2】adj. 好战的,好斗的:feeling or displaying eagerness to fight
[例] in an aggressively truculent manner 以好斗的、进攻性的方式
[近] belligerent, bellicose, combative, militant, aggressive, feisty
[反] nonaggressive, nonbelligerent, pacific, peaceable, peaceful, uncombative, uncontentious 好和平的
symbol: ['trʌkjələnt]
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position: (26, 4)

正面: trudge
definition: 【考法】vi. 吃力而笨拙地走:to move heavily or clumsily
[例] trudge over hill 翻山越岭
[近] plod, lug, slog, flounder
[反] breeze, glide, slide, waltz, whisk, flit 快速通过
symbol: [trʌʤ]
zhuji: 【记】t，rudge＝bridge：总是过桥－跋涉
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position: (26, 4)

正面: trumpet
definition: 【考法】v. 大声说出或宣告:to make known openly or publicly
[例] The losing party lost no time in trumpeting allegations of election fraud. 落败的政党马不停蹄地开始公开宣称选举存在作假。
[近] advertise, annunciate, blare, broadcast, declare, proclaim, promulgate, release, give out
symbol: ['trʌmpɪt]
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position: (26, 4)

正面: truncate
definition: 【考法】vt. 截短;缩短(时间、篇幅等):to shorten by or as if by cutting off
[例] a truncated version of the 11 o'clock newscast following the awards show, which ran over its time slot 颁奖典礼之后缩短版的11点新闻节目,已经超出了预定时长
[近] abbreviate, abridge, curtail, retrench
[反] elongate, extend, lengthen, prolong, protract 延长
symbol: ['trʌŋkeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】trunc＝trunk（n 树干），ate吃－吃掉树干的顶端－截短
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position: (26, 4)

正面: truss
definition: 【考法】v. 系紧,扎紧:to gather into a tight mass by means of a line or cord
[例] After stuffing the turkey, the chef quickly trussed it so the forcemeat wouldn't fall out during roasting. 把填料塞进火鸡后,大厨迅速把它扎紧防止在烘烤过程中肉馅掉出来。
[近] band, bind
[反] unbind, untie 解开
symbol: [trʌs]
zhuji: 【记】源于：trust（v 信任），用truss支撑值得trust。
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position: (26, 4)

正面: tumult
definition: 【考法】n. 骚动,暴动:a disorderly commotion or disturbance, a riot
[例] His mind was in a tumult. 他心烦意乱。
[近] disorder, disturbance, commotion, convulsion, ferment, turmoil, pandemonium, uproar
[反] quietude, quiescence, serenity, tranquility 安静
symbol: ['tu:mʌlt]
zhuji: 【记】tumu土木，lt：大兴土木－吵闹
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position: (26, 4)

正面: turbid
definition: 【考法】adj. 混浊的:deficient in clarity or purity
[例] a turbid stream 一条混浊的河
[近] muddy, murky, obscure
[反] clear, limpid, lucid, pellucid, crystalline 清澈的
symbol: ['tɜ:rbɪd]
zhuji: 【记】turb搅动，id－搅混的
zhuji3000: 【根】 turb [disturb] + -id [a.], 搅乱的,(例如将静置过的泥水搅乱) → a. 混浊的
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position: (26, 4)

正面: turbulent
definition: 【考法1】adj. 动荡的:marked by sudden or violent disturbance
[例] a turbulent period in history 历史上的动荡时期
[近] cataclysmal, stormy, tempestuous, tumultuous
【考法2】adj. 湍急的,汹涌的:marked by turmoil or disturbance especially of natural elements
[例] The turbulent rapids of the river were certainly daunting to those of us who were new to river rafting. 湍急的流水必定让我们这些初玩漂流的人吓得不轻。
[近] rough, rugged, stormy, tempestuous
symbol: ['tɜ:rbjələnt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 turb [disturb] + ul + -ent [a.], disturbing → a. 动荡的;水流动荡,水搅得 (猛烈) → a. 湍急的,汹涌的
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position: (26, 4)

正面: turgid
definition: 【考法】adj. 浮夸的,过分装饰的:excessively embellished in style or language
[例] turgid prose 浮华的散文
[近] flatulent, bombastic, pompous
[反] simple, austere, unadorned, undecorated, unembellished 简朴的
symbol: ['tɜ:rʤɪd]
zhuji: 【记】读：特级的，特级的烟酒一般都是吹出来的－浮夸的
zhuji3000: 【联】 turn + greater + -id [a.], 变得自大、变得宏伟 [grandiose] , 贬义 → a. 浮夸的,过分装饰的
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position: (26, 4)

正面: turmoil
definition: 【考法】n. 骚动,混乱:a state or condition of extreme confusion, agitation, or commotion
[例] My mind is in a turmoil. 我心里很乱。
[近] commotion, agitation, tumult, turbulence, disorder, ferment, clamor
[反] calm, ease, peace, peacefulness, quiet, tranquility, silence, serenity 安静
symbol: ['tɜ:rmɔɪl]
zhuji: 【记】tur＝turbulent（adj 骚乱的），moil（n 骚动）源于：tumult（n 吵闹；骚动）
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position: (26, 4)

正面: turncoat
definition: 【考法】n. 叛徒:one who switches to an opposing side or party; specifically: traitor
[例] He was labeled as a turncoat. 他是一个叛徒。
[近] renegade, traitor, apostate, recreant, betrayer, quisling
[反] loyalist, partisan, adherent, supporter 支持者,追随者
symbol: ['tɜ:rnkoʊt]
zhuji: 【记】turn翻转，coat衣服：变成叛徒。
zhuji3000: 【根】 turn [翻转] + coat [衣服], 将衣服反穿 (使象征党派、组织的徽章不再显露) → n. 叛徒
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position: (26, 5)

正面: turpitude
definition: 【考法】n. 卑鄙:inherent baseness: depravity
[例] moral turpitude 道德上的卑鄙
[近] abjection, corruptness, debasement, debauchery, decadency, degeneration, degradation, demoralization, depravity, dissipatedness, dissoluteness, libertinism, perversion, rakishness
[反] probity 正直
symbol: ['tɜ:rpətu:d]
zhuji: 【记】turp＝turb打扰，itude－打扰别人的行为－卑鄙行为
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position: (26, 5)

正面: twig
definition: 【考法】v. 了解:to have a clear idea of
[例] It took me a while to twig the true nature of the relationship between the two women. 我花了很长时间才搞清楚这俩女人之间的关系。
[近] appreciate, apprehend, cognize, compass, conceive, decipher, decode, dig, discern, perceive, recognize, savvy, seize, sense, tumble to, catch on to, make out
symbol: [ twɪg]
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position: (26, 5)

正面: typo
definition: 【考法】n. 打字错误:an error in typed or typeset material
[例] make one typo on the memo 在样张上打错一个字
[近] misprint, bug
symbol: ['taɪpoʊ]
zhuji: 【记】把type打成typo了－打字错误
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position: (26, 5)

正面: tyro
definition: 【考法】n. 新手,业余爱好者:a beginner in learning: novice
[例] a tyro in the art of piano 钢琴界的新手
[近] novice, apprentice, neophyte, rookie, amateur, dabbler, dilettante, fledgling, recruit
[反] old hand, old-timer, vet, expert, professional, veteran 专家
symbol: ['taɪroʊ]
zhuji: 【记】读：太弱－新手
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position: (26, 5)

正面: ubiquitous
definition: 【考法】adj. 无所不在的,普通的:being everywhere at the same time; often observed or encountered
[例] The conflict between opposites is ubiquitous. 对立的冲突无所不在。
[近] omnipresent, universal, general, common
[反] extraordinary, infrequent, rare, seldom, uncommon, unfamiliar, unusual, unique, particular 独特的,不常见的
symbol: [ju:'bɪkwɪtəs]
zhuji: 【记】ubi＝ubisoft，quitous－ubisoft是一个软件游戏公司－无所不在的ubi（conj 无论在哪里；无论何时），quit（v 离开），ous：无论在哪里都要离开，因为敌人是无所不在的。
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position: (26, 5)

正面: unassailable
definition: 【考法】adj. 无可争辩的,无法否认的,不可亵渎的:not to be violated, criticized, or tampered with
[例] an unassailable article 无可争辩的文章
[近] undeniable, inviolable, sacrosanct, irrefutable, indisputable, unexceptionable, unimpeachable
[反] controversial 有争议的
symbol: [ˌʌnə'seɪləbl]
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position: (26, 5)

正面: uncanny
definition: 【考法】adj. 离奇的,奇异的:being so extraordinary or abnormal as to suggest powers which violate the laws of nature
[例] The silence was uncanny. 静得出奇。
[近] magical, miraculous, phenomenal, preternatural, superhuman, supernormal, transcendent, transcendental, unearthly
[反] ordinary, commonplace, normal 平凡的
symbol: [ʌn'kæni]
zhuji: 【记】un不，can能，ny：什么都不能干了－不可思议的
zhuji3000: 【记】 un- [not] + can [can] + - (n) y [a.], can not, (看上去) 不可能的,不可思议的 → a. 离奇的,奇异的
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position: (26, 5)

正面: uncouth
definition: 【考法】adj. 粗俗的,没有品位的:lacking in refinement or good taste
[例] The movie's uncouth humor seemed to be purposely offensive. 电影里一些恶俗的幽默貌似是故意的。
[近] crass, rude, discourteous, disgracious, ungraceful, crude, ill-bred, ill-mannered, uncivil, unrefined
[反] genteel, cultivated, cultured, polished, urbane, seemly 得体的,有教养的
symbol: [ʌn'ku:θ]
zhuji: 【记】un不，couth（adj 文雅有礼貌的）：粗野的读：un裤子，没穿裤子－不文雅的
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position: (26, 5)

正面: unctuous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 油嘴滑舌的,谄媚的:overly or insincerely flattering
[例] an unctuous appraisal of the musical talent shown by the boss's daughter 拍老板马屁,说他女儿在音乐方面有着非常卓越的天赋
[近] adulatory, gushing, hagiographic, oily, oleaginous, soapy
【考法2】adj. 夸张的,做作的:characterized by affected, exaggerated, or insincere earnestness
[例] an unctuous effort to appear religious to the voters 过分做作想在选民面前表现得虔诚
[近] artificial, backhanded, counterfeit, fake, feigned, hypocritical, phony, pretended
[反] artless, candid, genuine, heartfelt, honest, sincere, undesigning, unfeigned 真实的
symbol: ['ʌŋkt∫uəs]
zhuji: 【记】unctu＝unction（n 油膏；虚情假意），ous：油质的，假殷勤的（油腔滑调的）
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (26, 5)

正面: underdog
definition: 【考法】n. 受害者,输家:a loser/victim or predicted loser in a struggle or contest
[例] She always supports for the underdog. 她经常支持受害者。
[近] loser, victim
[反] bully 欺凌弱小者
symbol: ['ʌndərdɔ:g]
zhuji: 【记】under下，dog狗：下面的狗－居于下风者
zhuji3000: 【根】 under [在下面,比喻“处境惨淡”] + dog [狗] → n.受害者,输家
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (26, 6)

正面: undergird
definition: 【考法】vt. 加强,巩固…的底部:to support or strengthen from beneath
[例] Facts and statistics undergird his commentary. 事实和数据支持了他的评论。
[近] strengthen, support, fortify, reinforce, bear, bolster, brace, buttress, carry, stay, sustain, underpin, uphold, prop up, shore up
[反] undermine, weaken, debilitate, enfeeble, enervate 削弱
symbol: [ˌʌndər'gɜ:rd]
zhuji: 【记】under下，gird＝girder（n 钢大梁）：大梁从下面支撑屋顶under下，gird＝girl：（自己想）
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (26, 6)

正面: undermine
definition: 【考法】vt. 削弱,破坏:to weaken, injure, or impair, often by degrees or imperceptibly
[例] undermine a fortress 挖地道破坏堡垒
[近] weaken, debilitate, enfeeble, enervate
[反] strengthen, support, fortify, reinforce 加强
symbol: [ˌʌndər'maɪn]
zhuji: 【记】under下，mine（v 挖矿）－在下面挖－暗中破坏
zhuji3000: 【根】 under [下面] + mine [挖], 在下面挖,破坏地基 → v. 削弱,破坏
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position: (26, 6)

正面: underscore
definition: 【考法】vt. 强调:to emphasize; stress
[例] underscore the value of education 强调教育的重要性
[近] accentuate, italicize, stress, underline, bring out
[反] deemphasize, downplay 轻描淡写
symbol: [ˌʌndər'skɔ:r]
zhuji: 【记】under下，score（n 得分；乐谱；v 划线）：强调
zhuji3000: 【根】 under [下面] + score [痕迹], 在下面划横线 → v.强调
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (26, 6)

正面: understate
definition: 【考法】vt. 保守陈述:to state or present with restraint especially for effect
[例] understate a problem 低调处理问题
[近] downplay
[反] vaunt, exaggerate, overstate 夸大
[派] understated adj. 不夸张的;朴素的:avoiding obvious emphasis or embellishment
[近] conservative, low-key, muted, repressed, restrained, sober, subdued, unflashy, unpretentious
[反] flamboyant, flaring, flashy, garish, gaudy, glitzy, ostentatious, splashy 夸张的;华丽的
symbol: [ˌʌndər'steɪt]
zhuji: 【记】under下，state（v 陈述），d：轻描淡写
zhuji3000: 【根】 under [下面] + state [陈述], 将事态的严重性等“向下面”陈述 (故意少报, 低于实际情况) → v. 保守陈述
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position: (26, 6)

正面: understudy
definition: 【考法】n. 替补演员:one who is prepared to act another's part or take over another's duties
[例] be an understudy to sb 作为某人的替补
[近] deputy
symbol: ['ʌndərstʌdi]
zhuji: 【记】under下，study学：在下面学习的演员－替补演员
zhuji3000: 【根】 under [下面] + study [学习], 在下面学习 (可以看做对于平时“没有上场机会的演员”的一种委婉说法) → n. 替补演员
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position: (26, 6)

正面: unexceptionable
definition: 【考法】adj. 无懈可击的:not open to objection or criticism, beyond reproach
[近] unassailable, undeniable, irrefutable, indisputable, unimpeachable
[反] assailable, controversial 有争议的
symbol: [ˌʌnɪk'sep∫ənəbl]
zhuji: 【记】un不，exceptionable（adj 可反对的）：无懈可击的
zhuji3000: 【根】 un- [not] + ex- [out] + cept [take] + -ion [n.] + -able [a. able], not able to take (mistakes) out → a. 无懈可击的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (26, 6)

正面: unflappable
definition: 【考法】adj. 镇定的,从容不迫的:not easily upset or excited
[例] a unflappable general 一个镇定的将军
[近] collected, composed, disimpassioned, imperturbable
[反] perturbable, shakable, disturbed, nervous 紧张的
symbol: [ˌʌn'flæpəbl]
zhuji: 【记】un不，flappable（adj 容易兴奋的）：镇定自若的
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position: (26, 6)

正面: ungainly
definition: 【考法】adj. 笨拙的,不雅的:having or showing an inability to move in a graceful manner
[例] ungainly movements 笨拙的动作
[近] clumsy, awkward, blundering, maladroit
[反] coordinated, graceful, adroit, dexterous, lissome 协调的,灵巧的
symbol: [ʌn'geɪnli]
zhuji: 【记】un不，gainly（adj 姿态优美的；优雅的）：笨拙的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (26, 6)

正面: unimpeachable
definition: 【考法】adj. 无可置疑的:beyond doubt; unquestionable
[例] an unimpeachable evidence 无可置疑的证据
[近] unassailable, undeniable, irrefutable, indisputable, unexceptionable
[反] assailable, controversial, open to question 可争辩的
symbol: [ˌʌnɪm'pi:t∫əbl]
zhuji: 【记】un不，impeachable（adj 可控告的；受责备的）：无可置疑的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (26, 6)

正面: unkempt
definition: 【考法】adj. 凌乱的,无序的:lacking in order, neatness, and often cleanliness
[例] unkempt hotel rooms 凌乱的酒店房间
[近] slovenly, slipshod, sloppy, unneat, untidy, topsy-turvy, jumbled
[反] bandbox, neat, orderly, organized, shipshape, tidy, trim, uncluttered, well-ordered 有序的,井井有条的
symbol: [ˌʌn'kempt]
zhuji: 【记】un不，kempt（adj 整洁的）：不整洁的un不，kempt＝kept：不保持整洁的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (26, 7)

正面: unlettered
definition: 【考法】adj. 未受教育的,文盲的:not adept at reading and writing; deficient in the knowledge that can be acquired from books; illiterate
[例] unlettered sector of society 未受教育的地区
[近] ignorant, illiterate, uneducated, untutored
[反] educated, knowledgeable, erudite, literate, schooled, well-informed, well-read 博学的,受过教育的
symbol: [ˌʌn'letərd]
zhuji: 【记】un不，lettered（adj 有学问的）：无学问的
zhuji3000: 【记】 un- [not] + letter [n. 字母,文字] + -ed [a.], 没碰过字母,不识字 → a. 未受教育的,文盲的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (26, 7)

正面: unpretentious
definition: 【考法1】adj. 低调的,谦逊的:lacking pretension or affectation; modest
[例] an unpretentious virtuoso 一位谦虚的大师
[近] demure, down-to-earth, lowly, meek, unassuming, humble, modest, unostentatious
[反] arrogant, bumptious, conceited, egotistic, fastuous, haughty, imperious, lordly, overweening, peremptory, pompous, presuming, presumptuous, self-asserting, supercilious, superior, toplofty, uppish, flamboyant, ostentatious 傲慢的,自负的
【考法2】adj. 坦诚的,自然的:free from any intent to deceive or impress others
[例] a simple and unpretentious account about growing up in the rural South 一段简单坦率的关于在南部乡村成长经历的叙述
[近] artless, genuine, honest, ingenuous, innocent, naive, simple, sincere, true, unpretending
[反] affected, artful, artificial, assuming, dissembling, dissimulating, fake, guileful, insincere, phony 做作的,虚伪的
symbol: [ˌʌnprɪ'ten∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】un不，pretentious（adj 自命不凡的）：不炫耀的
zhuji3000: 【根】 un- [not] + pre- [before] + tent [stretch] + -ious [a.], 不在别人面前伸展、展示 → a. 低调的,谦逊的;not pretend, 不做作的 → a. 坦诚的,自然的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (26, 7)

正面: unproductive
definition: 【考法】adj. 徒然的,无效的:not productive; idle
[例] Her attempts to write a novel have been unproductive. 她一直想写本小说的努力只是徒然。
[近] abortive, barren, fruitless, otiose, profitless, unavailing, unprofitable, unsuccessful, useless, vain
[反] deadly, effective, effectual, efficacious, efficient, potent, productive, profitable, successful, virtuous, telling 有效的
symbol: [ˌʌnprə'dʌktɪv]
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position: (26, 7)

正面: unrequited
definition: 【考法】adj. 无报答的,无报酬的:not reciprocated or returned in kind
[例] unrequited love 无报答的爱
[近] unreciprocated
[反] remunerative, gainful, lucrative, profitable 有报酬的
symbol: [ˌʌnrɪ'kwaɪtɪd]
zhuji: 【记】un不，requite（v 报答），d：无报答的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (26, 7)

正面: unruly
definition: 【考法】adj. 难驾驭的,不守规矩的:difficult or impossible to discipline, control, or rule
[例] an unruly child 一个不听话的孩子
[近] indocile, indomitable, intractable, recalcitrant, uncontrollable, undisciplined, ungovernable, unmanageable, insubordinate
[反] amenable, biddable, compliant, conformable, docile, obedient, submissive, tractable, subdued, mild, manageable, disciplined 顺从的,守纪律的
symbol: [ʌn'ru:li]
zhuji: 【记】un不，ruly＝rule（v 统治）－没法统治的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (26, 7)

正面: untenable
definition: 【考法】adj. 防守不住的,站不住脚的:not able to be defended
[例] an untenable position 一个站不住脚的立场
[近] assailable, controversial, open to question 可质疑的
[反] unassailable, undeniable, irrefutable, indisputable, unexceptionable, unimpeachable 无可指责的,无懈可击的
symbol: [ʌn'tenəbl]
zhuji: 【记】un不，tenable（adj 站得住脚的）：站不住脚
zhuji3000: 【根】 un- [not] + tenable, not tenable, not able to hold → a. 防守不住的,站不住脚的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (26, 7)

正面: untold
definition: 【考法】adj. 数不清的,无数的:too great or numerous to count
[例] untold wealth 不知其数的财富
[近] incalculable, innumerable, countless, innumerous, uncountable, uncounted
[反] countable, enumerable, numberable, quantifiable, calculable 可以计算的
symbol: [ʌn'toʊld]
zhuji: 【记】un不，told说：数不清的
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position: (26, 7)

正面: untoward
definition: 【考法1】adj. 倒霉的,不吉利的:not favorable, unpropitious
[例] an untoward incident 不幸的事故
[近] unpropitious, unlucky, misfortunate, unfortunate
[反] auspicious, propitious, favorable, fortunate 吉利的,幸运的
【考法2】adj. 难以驯服的,难以驾驭的:given to resisting control or discipline by others
[例] a program for untoward teenagers that is designed to give them the kind of discipline that their parents were unable or unwilling to administer 一个以任性、桀骜不驯青少年为对象的项目,旨在弥补家长管教不周之处
[近] froward, headstrong, intractable, recalcitrant, refractory, unruly, wayward, willful
[反] controllable, governable, manageable, tractable 易管教的,顺从的
symbol: [ʌn'tɔ:rd]
zhuji: 【记】un不，toward（adj 有希望的；温顺的）－不幸运的
zhuji3000: 【根】 un- [not] + toward [prep. 朝着…方向], 没有朝希望的方向走 → a. 倒霉的,不吉利的;难以驯服的,难以驾驭的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (26, 7)

正面: unwitting
definition: 【考法1】adj. 不知道的,未觉察的:not knowing, unaware
[例] Please forgive my unwitting interruption of your conversation. 请原谅我无意间打断了你们的谈话。
[近] unaware, ignorant
[反] acquainted, aware, cognizant, conscious, conversant, grounded, informed, knowing, mindful 有意识的
【考法2】adj. 偶然的,并非有意的:happening by chance; not intended
[例] an unwitting mistake made in copying the material 在打印过程中一个无心的过失
[近] casual, chance, fluky, fortuitous, inadvertent, incidental, unintentional
[反] calculated, deliberate, intended, intentional, planned, premeditated, prepense 故意的,蓄意的
symbol: [ʌn'wɪtɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】un不，witting（adj 有意的）：不是有意的
zhuji3000: 【根】 un- [not] + wit [know] + - (t) ing [a.], not knowing → a. 不知道的,未觉察的;偶然的,并非有意的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (26, 7)

正面: unwonted
definition: 【考法】adj. 不习惯的,不寻常的:not habitual or ordinary; unusual
[例] He's honored for the unwonted courage he showed in battle. 他因在战争中表现出的过人的勇气而受到嘉奖。
[近] uncommon, unordinary, unusual
[反] wonted, usual, routine, habitual, accustomed, customary 平常的
symbol: [ʌn'woʊntɪd]
zhuji: 【记】un不，wonted（adj 习惯的）：不是习惯性的
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position: (26, 8)

正面: upbraid
definition: 【考法】vt.(严厉地)谴责,责骂:to reproach severely
[例] upbraid sb with his ingratitude 责备某人忘恩负义
[近] baste, scold, revile, berate, vituperate
[反] laud, extol, glorify, hymn, magnify, panegyrize, flatter, fawn, cringe, adulterate 赞扬
symbol: [ʌp'breɪd]
zhuji: 【记】up上，braid（n 辫子）－向上揪你的辫子－严厉责骂up，braid＝bride（n 新娘）－老婆地位至高无上－斥责你
zhuji3000: 【根】 up [向上] + braid [辫子], 向上揪辫子 → v. (严厉地) 谴责,责骂
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (26, 8)

正面: uphold
definition: 【考法】vt. 支持,赞成:to give support to
[例] He determined to uphold her views in the face of all challenges. 他下定决心支持她的观点,尽管全世界都反对她。
[近] support, bolster, advocate, champion, endorse, espouse
symbol: [ʌp'hoʊld]
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position: (26, 8)

正面: urbane
definition: 【考法】adj. 彬彬有礼的,文雅的:notably polite or finished in manner
[例] a gentlemanly and urbane host of elegant dinner parties 优雅晚宴的主人颇有绅士风度,彬彬有礼
[近] debonair, civilized, genteel, cultivated, cultured, polished, refined, well-bred, courteous, gracious
[反] boorish, churlish, classless, clownish, loutish, uncouth 粗鲁的
symbol: [ɜ:r'beɪn]
zhuji: 【记】urban（adj 都市的），e－像城市人一样有礼貌的
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position: (26, 8)

正面: usurp
definition: 【考法】vt. 篡夺,篡位:to seize and hold(the power or rights of another, for example)by force and without legal authority
[例] usurp the throne 篡夺王位
[近] arrogate, commandeer, convert, expropriate, pirate, preempt, press, seize, take over
[反] abdicate退位;crown 授予职位
symbol: [ju:'zɜ:rp]
zhuji: 【记】usu＝use，rp＝up：用武力上台－篡夺
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position: (26, 8)

正面: utter
definition: 【考法1】vt. 出(声),说(话):to articulate(words); pronounce or speak
[例] She tried not to utter a sound as the doctor gave her a flu shot. 她克制自己不在医生打针的时候喊出来。
[近] articulate, bring out, enunciate, verbalize, vocalize
【考法2】adj. 完全的,绝对的:complete; absolute; entire
[例] be at an utter loss what to do 完全不知道怎样才好
[近] entire, total, stark, sheer, unqualified
[反] partial 部分的
symbol: ['ʌtər]
zhuji: 【记】源于：outer，说出的
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position: (26, 8)

正面: vaccinate
definition: 【考法】v. 预防接种疫苗:to inoculate with a vaccine in order to produce immunity to an infectious disease, such as diphtheria or typhus
[例] vaccinate sb for smallpox 为某人接种牛痘疫苗以防天花
[近] immunize
symbol: ['væksɪneɪt]
zhuji: 【记】源于：vaccine（n 疫苗）
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position: (26, 8)

正面: vacillate
definition: 【考法1】vi. 犹豫不决:to waver in mind, will, or feeling; hesitate in choice of opinions or courses
[例] Parents vacillate between saying no and yes, but actually neither response seems satisfactory to their children. 父母总是犹豫不定,不知道是该同意还是该反对,但是事实上哪种答案对他们的孩子都不理想。
[近] hesitate, dither, waver, teeter, falter
[反] resolute, decide, dive in, plunge in 决定
【考法2】vi. 摇动,摇摆:to sway from one side to the other; oscillate
[近] oscillate, fluctuate
[反] equipoise平衡;静止
symbol: ['væsəleɪt]
zhuji: 【记】vac，ill，ate：生重病的时候吃饭－手摇摆的；嘴颤抖的
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position: (26, 8)

正面: vacuous
definition: 【考法】adj. 茫然的,愚蠢的:marked by lack of ideas or intelligence
[例] a movie that was derided for its vacuous dialogue 一部因为对白十分愚蠢而被嘲讽的电影
[近] airhead, brainless, dull, dumb, fatuous, foolish, inane, moronic, obtuse, simple, stupid, witless
[反] apt, bright, brilliant, clever, intelligent, keen, sharp, smart 聪明的
[派] vacuity n. 愚蠢;空虚,空白
symbol: ['vækjuəs]
zhuji: 【记】vac空，uous：空虚的
zhuji3000: 【根】 vac [empty] + - (u) ous [a.], (brain) empty → a.茫然的,愚蠢的
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position: (26, 8)

正面: vagary
definition: 【考法】n. 不可预测的思想或行为:an erratic, unpredictable, or extravagant manifestation, action, or notion
[例] Recently he had been prone to strange vagaries. 最近他逐渐变得行为古怪起来。
[近] caprice, fancy, freak, humor, vagrancy, whimsy
symbol: ['veɪgəri]
zhuji: 【记】vag游移，走动，ary－游移的思想－奇想
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position: (26, 8)

正面: vague
definition: 【考法1】adj. 表达不清的:not clearly expressed
[例] The diplomat gave as vague a reply as he could at the press conference. 外交官在记者招待会上尽其所能来含糊其辞。
[近] ambiguous, enigmatic, equivocal, indefinite, inexplicit, unclear
[反] clear, definite, express, explicit, specific 清楚明确的
【考法2】adj. 轮廓不清晰的:lacking definite shape, form, or character
[例] the vague outline of a building through the dense fog 浓雾中建筑物模糊的轮廓
[近] dim, faint, foggy, hazy, indistinct, indistinguishable, misty, murky, nebulous, obscure, opaque
[反] pellucid 清澈透明的
symbol: [veɪg]
zhuji3000: 【根】 vag [wander] + -ue [a.], (meaning) wander, 含义飘忽不定、模糊的 → a. 表达不清的;(shape) wander, 影像飘忽不定、模糊的 → a. 轮廓不清晰的
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position: (26, 9)

正面: valediction
definition: 【考法1】n. 告别:an act of bidding farewell
[近] farewell, goodbye
[反] greeting 欢迎;debut 初次登台,首次亮相
【考法2】n. 告别词:an address or statement of farewell or leave-taking
[例] a valediction given by the college president upon his retirement 大学校长退休时的告别演说
[派] valedictory adj. 告别的
symbol: [ˌvælɪ'dɪk∫n]
zhuji: 【记】vale＝farewell（n 再见），diction（n 用语）：告别演说
zhuji3000: 【根】 vale [well] + dic [say] + -tion [n.], say “(be) well”, 说“保重” → n. 告别;告别词
[注] val作为词根,有strong, well 的含义。例如valid字面义strong (in law),即“正当的,有效的”;invalid有“生病的,残疾的”含义。valediction指“说 (祝你身体) 健康”,作为告别时的祝福。
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position: (26, 9)

正面: valiant
definition: 【考法】adj. 勇敢的,英勇的:possessing or acting with bravery or boldness
[例] a valiant and moral knight 一个勇敢和有道德感的骑士‖Despite their valiant efforts, they lost the game. 尽管他们英勇奋战,但还是输掉了比赛。
[近] audacious, bold, brave, courageous, dauntless, fearless, gallant, intrepid, stalwart, stout, valorous
[反] cowardly, craven, gutless, nerveless, pusillanimous, spineless, timorous 胆怯的
[派] valiance n. 英勇
symbol: ['væliənt]
zhuji: 【记】val力量，iant：有力量的－英勇的
zhuji3000: 【根】 val [strong] + - (i) ant [a.], strong (of soldiers) → a. 勇敢的,英勇的
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position: (26, 9)

正面: valid
definition: 【考法】adj. 逻辑上正确的:logically correct
[例] Only further experiments will show whether your theory is valid. 只有进一步的实验才能验证你的理论是否正确。‖Your argument isn't valid because you're taking what should be the conclusion and using it as a premise. 你的论述逻辑上是错误的,因为你把本该是结论的东西当成了前提条件。
[近] analytic, coherent, consequent, rational, reasonable, sensible, sound, well-founded, well-grounded
[反] groundless, illegitimate, illogical, incoherent, inconsequent, invalid, irrational, unreasonable, unsound(逻辑上)站不住脚的
[派] validity n. 合乎逻辑
symbol: ['vælɪd]
zhuji3000: 【根】 val [strong] + -id [a.], strong (in logic) → a. 逻辑上正确的
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position: (26, 9)

正面: vanquish
definition: 【考法】vt. 打败,征服:to defeat in a conflict or contest
[例] He vanquished his inner fear. 他战胜了内心的恐惧。
[近] conquer, dominate, overpower, pacify, subdue, subject, subjugate, subordinate
[反] capitulate, surrender, yield 投降,屈服
symbol: ['væŋkwɪ∫]
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position: (26, 9)

正面: vapid
definition: 【考法】adj. 无趣的,乏味的:lacking liveliness, animation, or interest
[例] a song with vapid lyrics 一首歌词乏味的歌曲
[近] driveling, dull, flat, inane, insipid, jejune, sapless, tasteless
[反] absorbing, arresting, engaging, engrossing, enthralling, fascinating, immersing, intriguing, riveting 吸引人的
symbol: ['væpɪd]
zhuji: 【记】vap＝vapor（n 蒸汽），id－像蒸气的－乏味的读：歪屁的－听着vapid的讲座就会歪屁坐。
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position: (26, 9)

正面: vaporize
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使(液体)蒸发:to convert(as by the application of heat or by spraying)into vapor
[近] gasify
[反] condense(气体)液化
【考法2】vt. 彻底消灭:to destroy by or as if by converting into vapor
[例] The entire fleet was vaporized. 整个舰队都被消灭了。
[近] annihilate, decimate, demolish, devastate, extinguish, nuke, pulverize, raze, ruin, smash, wreck
[反] build, construct, erect, establish, raise, rear 建造
[派] vaporous adj. 模糊的,空洞的
symbol: ['veɪpəraɪz]
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position: (26, 9)

正面: variance
definition: 【考法】n. 不一致,不和谐:a lack of agreement or harmony
[例] Persistent variance within the band eventually caused it to break up. 乐团中持续不断的分歧最终导致了它的解散。
[近] conflict, disaccord, discordance, disharmony, dissent, division, friction, schism, variation, war
[反] accord, agreement, concord, concordance, harmony, peace 和谐,一致
[派] variant adj. 有差异的,不同的
symbol: ['veriəns]
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position: (26, 9)

正面: variegated
definition: 【考法】adj. 杂色的,斑驳的:having discrete markings of different colors
[例] variegated costumes of the dancers in the nightclub 夜总会舞者身上色彩斑驳的服装
[近] chromatic, kaleidoscopic, iridescent, motley, rainbow
[反] monochromatic 单色的;colorless 无色的
[派] variegation n. 杂色
symbol: ['verɪgeɪtɪd]
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position: (26, 9)

正面: varnish
definition: 【考法1】vt. 上清漆,使有光泽:to give a smooth and glossy finish to
[例] Don't sit on that chair- I've just varnished it. 不要坐在那张椅子上——我刚刚上过漆。
[近] adorn, bedeck, bedizen, decorate, embellish, garnish, ornament
【考法2】vt. 粉饰(令人不悦的东西):to cover or conceal(as something unpleasant)with something that gives an attractive appearance
[例] She tried to varnish her mistakes. 她试图掩盖她的失误。
[近] blanch, extenuate, gloss, palliate, sugarcoat, veneer
[反] bare, disclose, discover, divulge, expose, reveal, uncloak, uncover, unmask, unveil 揭露
symbol: ['vɑ:rnɪ∫]
zhuji: 【记】外来语：凡立水varnish后就不会tarnish（v 使失去光泽）
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position: (26, 9)

正面: vault
definition: 【考法1】vi. 跳起,跳跃:to propel oneself upward or forward into the air
[例] The horse vaulted over the obstacle with ease. 骏马轻松地跃过障碍物。
[近] bound, hop, jump, leap, spring
【考法2】vi. 一跃而至:to accomplish something as if by leaping suddenly or vigorously
[例] She vaulted into a position of wealth. 她一夜暴富。
symbol: [vɔ:lt]
zhuji: 【记】因为家里有vault，所以值得vaunt
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position: (26, 10)

正面: vaunt
definition: 【考法】vi. 吹嘘:to speak boastfully
[例] He always vaunted his country's military might. 他总是吹嘘他的国家的军事实力。
[近] boast, brag, brandish, swagger
[反] belittle, deprecate, diminish, minimize, underrate, undervalue 轻视,瞧不起
[派] vaunting adj. 吹嘘的
symbol: [vɔ:nt]
zhuji: 【记】v代表胜利，aunt姑奶奶：在姑奶奶面前显示胜利－吹嘘
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position: (26, 10)

正面: veer
definition: 【考法】v.(使)转向,(使)改变航线:to change direction or course
[例] He veered the car abruptly to the right to avoid a collision. 他向右猛打方向盘以避免撞击。
[近] avert, deviate, deflect, divert, redirect, swerve, swing, wheel
[反] straighten(使)直行
symbol: [vɪr]
zhuji: 【记】ve表示胜利，er人：胜利的人的人生将为之改变方向。
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position: (26, 10)

正面: vehement
definition: 【考法】adj.(情感)强烈的,热情的:having or expressing great depth of feeling
[例] a vehement defender of the rights of minorities 一个感情强烈的少数民族维权者
[近] ardent, demonstrative, emotional, fervid, impassioned, intense, passionate, perfervid, torrid
[反] cold, cool, dispassionate, emotionless, impassive, unemotional 冷淡的
[派] vehemence n. 强烈
symbol: ['vi:əmənt]
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position: (26, 10)

正面: venal
definition: 【考法】adj. 贪污受贿的:open to corrupt influence and especially bribery
[例] a judge who is known for being venal and easily bought 一名以贪污受贿、容易被收买闻名的法官
[近] bribable, corruptible, dirty, purchasable
[反] incorruptible 不受贿赂的;scrupulous 正直的
symbol: ['vi:nl]
zhuji: 【记】ven＝wen吻，al＝all：吻了所有人是因为受了他们的贿赂。
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position: (26, 10)

正面: vendor
definition: 【考法】n. 小贩,商贩:one that sells or vends
[例] We're thinking of making a deal with that other software vendor. 我们在考虑和那个软件供应商做交易。
[近] broker, dealer, merchandiser, retailer, seller, trader
[反] buyer, consumer, purchaser 消费者
symbol: ['vendər]
zhuji: 【记】v表示胜利，end结束，or人：总是以胜利结束的人－小贩
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position: (26, 10)

正面: veneer
definition: 【考法1】n. 薄木板,用以贴在家具外面的饰面板:a thin surface layer, as of finely grained wood, glued to a base of inferior material
[近] cover, façade, mask
[反] center, core, kernel 核心
【考法2】vt. 粉饰(不好的东西):to cover over with a veneer; especially to conceal(as a defect of character)under a superficial and deceptive attractiveness
[近] blanch, extenuate, gloss, palliate, sugarcoat, varnish
[反] bare, disclose, discover, divulge, expose, reveal, uncloak, uncover, unmask, unveil 揭露
symbol: [və'nɪr]
zhuji: 【记】ven胜利，eer人：胜利的人经常是因为虚饰了自己－用面板
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position: (26, 10)

正面: venerate
definition: 【考法】vt. 尊敬:to regard with reverential respect or with admiring deference
[例] She is venerated by the public as a saint. 她被当作圣人,受万众景仰。
[近] adore, deify, esteem, regard, respect, revere
[反] despise, disdain, disregard, flout, scorn 轻视,蔑视
[派] veneration n. 尊敬
symbol: ['venəreɪt]
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position: (26, 10)

正面: venial
definition: 【考法】adj. 可宽恕的:easily excused or forgiven
[例] Taking the restaurant's menu as a souvenir seems like a venial offense. 把餐厅的菜单当成纪念品带走似乎是一个可以宽恕的罪行。
[近] condonable, excusable, forgivable, pardonable, remissible, remittable
[反] heinous, indefensible, inexcusable, mortal, unforgivable, unpardonable 罪大恶极的,不可饶恕的
symbol: ['vi:niəl]
zhuji: 【记】ven＝wen吻，ial：吻你，因为你是可原谅的
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position: (26, 10)

正面: venom
definition: 【考法1】n. 毒液:poisonous matter normally secreted by some animals as snakes, scorpions, or bees
[例] an antidote to snake venom 蛇毒的解药
[近] toxic, toxin
[反] antidote 解药
【考法2】n. 恶意,恶毒的用心:the desire to cause pain for the satisfaction of doing harm
[例] She spoke of him with venom in her voice. 她对他的评论怀揣着恶意。
[近] despite, malevolence, maliciousness, malignance, malignity, meanness, nastiness, spite, viciousness
[反] comity, friendship, goodwill 友善
symbol: ['venəm]
zhuji: 【记】ven＝wen吻，om＝room：吻房子的人一定是中毒了－毒素
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position: (26, 10)

正面: veracious
definition: 【考法1】adj. 诚实的,说实话的:being in the habit of telling the truth
[例] a veracious witness 诚实的证人‖He has a reputation for being veracious, so people generally take his word for things. 他诚实的名声让其他人通常都相信他说的话。
[近] honest, truthful
[反] dishonest, lying, mendacious, prevaricating, untruthful 说谎的,不诚实的
[派] veracity n. 诚实
【考法2】adj. 精确的,准确的:precise, accurate
[例] a novel that presents a fairly veracious and unvarnished picture of the lives of affluent suburbanites 一部准确而不加修饰地描述郊区富人生活的小说
[近] accurate, exact, precise, proper, right, true
[反] false, improper, inaccurate, incorrect, inexact, untrue, wrong 不准确的
symbol: [və'reɪ∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】ver真实，acious：诚实的
zhuji3000: 【根】 ver [true] + -acious [a.] → a. 诚实的,说实话的;精确的,准确的
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position: (27, 1)

正面: verbatim
definition: 【考法】adv. 逐字地,一字不差地:in the exact words
[例] You can't just copy the encyclopedia article verbatim for your report - that's plagiarism. 你不能一字不差地抄百科全书上的内容——这是剽窃。
[近] ad verbum, directly, exactly, word for word
[反] inaccurately, inexactly 不准确地
[派] verbalism n. 言辞,措词
symbol: [vɜ:r'beɪtɪm]
zhuji: 【记】verb词语，atim：逐字的
zhuji3000: 【根】 verb [word] + a + tim (e), (a) word a time → ad.逐字地 (抄写) → 一字不差地
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position: (27, 1)

正面: verbose
definition: 【考法】adj. 冗长的,啰嗦的:containing more words than necessary
[例] a verbose orator 啰嗦的演讲者‖She has a verbose writing style. 她的文风很啰嗦。
[近] circuitous, circumlocutory, diffuse, garrulous, long-winded, prolix, rambling, verbose, windy
[反] brief, compact, concise, pithy, succinct, terse 简洁的
[派] verbosity n. 冗长,啰嗦
symbol: [vɜ:r'boʊs]
zhuji: 【记】verb词语，bose＝box－话匣子－冗长的
zhuji3000: 【根】 verb [word] + -ose [a., full of], full of words → a.冗长的,啰嗦的
[注] 同义词wordy [a. 冗长的,啰嗦的]
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position: (27, 1)

正面: verdant
definition: 【考法】adj.(因长满植物而)翠绿的,郁郁葱葱的:green with vegetation; covered with green growth
[例] verdant fields 翠绿的田野
[近] green, grown, leafy, luxuriant, overgrown
[反] barren, impoverished, infertile, leafless, sterile 贫瘠的
symbol: ['vɜ:rdnt]
zhuji: 【记】ver真实，dan氮，t：施真的氮肥－青葱翠绿的
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position: (27, 1)

正面: verify
definition: 【考法】vt. 校验,证实:to determine or test the truth or accuracy of, as by comparison, investigation, or reference
[例] We need to verify your passport. 我们需要校验阁下的护照。
[近] attest, authenticate, certify, corroborate, substantiate, support, validate, vindicate
[反] disprove, rebut, refute [反]驳,驳斥
[派] verified adj. 经证实的;verification n. 证实
symbol: ['verɪfaɪ]
zhuji: 【记】ver真实，ify：证明…的真相
zhuji3000: 【根】 ver [true] + -ify [v., make], make...true, 使大家认为…真实 → vt. 校验,证实
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position: (27, 1)

正面: verisimilar
definition: 【考法】adj. 似乎真实的:appearing to be true or real
[例] a verisimilar tale 一个似乎为真的传奇
[近] likely, plausible, probable
[反] implausible, increzdible, unbelievable 难以置信的
symbol: [ˌverɪsɪ'mɪlər]
zhuji: 【记】veri真实，similar（adj 相似的）：逼真的
zhuji3000: 【根】 ver (i) [true] + sim [like] + - (il) ar [a.] → a. 似乎真实的
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position: (27, 1)

正面: veritable
definition: 【考法】adj. 真正的,确实的:being in fact the thing named and not false, unreal, or imaginary
[例] a veritable manuscript 一份原稿
[近] authentic, credible, genuine, real, true, unquestionable, bona fide
[反] bogus, counterfeit, fake, false, mock, phony, pseudo, sham, spurious 伪造的,虚假的
symbol: ['verɪtəbl]
zhuji: 【记】veri真正，table：名副其实的
zhuji3000: 【根】 ver [true] + it + -able [a.] → a. 真正的,确实的
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position: (27, 1)

正面: vernacular
definition: 【考法1】n. 方言:a nonstandard language or dialect of a place, region, or country
[例] phrases that occur in the common vernacular 常见方言中的词组
[近] argot, cant, dialect, jargon, lingo, slang
【考法2】adj. 非正式的,口头的:used in or suitable for speech and not formal writing
[例] write essays in a very easy-to-read, vernacular style 用一种易懂的口头化风格写作
[近] conversational, informal, nonliterary, vulgar
[反] bookish, formal, learned, literary 书面的,正式的
symbol: [vər'nækjələr]
zhuji: 【记】ver真实，nacular＝native（adj 本国的）：本国的真实语言－方言
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position: (27, 1)

正面: versatile
definition: 【考法1】adj. 多才多艺的,全能的:able to do many different kinds of things
[例] We have found a versatile baseball player who can play any position. 我们发现了一个能打任何位置的全能型球员。
[近] adaptable, all-around, ambidextrous, protean, universal
[反] limited 受限制的,有限的
【考法2】adj. 易改变的:changing or fluctuating readily
[例] a versatile disposition 多变的性格
[近] capricious, changeable, fluid, inconstant, mercurial, skittish, temperamental, variable, volatile
[反] certain, changeless, constant, immutable, invariable, settled, stable, stationary, steady, unchangeable, unvarying 固定的,不变的
symbol: ['vɜ:rsətl]
zhuji: 【记】vers转，atile－玩得转－多才多艺的
zhuji3000: 【根】 vers [turn] + at + -ile [a.], easy to turn, 在各领域转换自如 → a. 多才多艺的,全能的;easy to turn (opinions) → a. 易改变的
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position: (27, 1)

正面: verse
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使精通,使熟悉:to familiarize by close association, study, or experience
[例] well versed in the theater 精通剧院‖While in prison, he versed himself in the rights of the incarcerated. 当他身处监狱时,他通过自学熟悉了囚犯所享有的权利。
[近] acquaint, familiarize, inform
[反] misinform, mislead 误导
【考法2】n. 诗歌:a composition using rhythm and often rhyme to create a lyrical effect
[例] compose a short verse for his father's birthday 为他父亲的生日创作了一首小诗
[近] ballad, lyric, poetry, song
[反] prose 散文
symbol: [vɜ:rs]
zhuji3000: 【根】 vers [turn] + -e [v.], turn, 使 (很好地) 运转 → vt.使精通,使熟悉
【联】 versed [a. 熟知的;精通的]
[注] verse还表示“n. 诗歌”,来自词根vers [turn] “换行”的含义——诗歌是由“一行行”文字或乐谱组成的
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position: (27, 1)

正面: vertigo
definition: 【考法】n. 眩晕:a dizzy confused state of mind
[例] He had a dreadful attack of vertigo at the top of the tower. 他站在塔顶,感到一阵令人窒息的眩晕。
[近] dizziness, giddiness
[反] sobriety 清醒
symbol: ['vɜ:rtɪgoʊ]
zhuji: 【记】verti转，go走－转着走－眩晕
zhuji3000: 【根】 vert [turn] + -igo [n.], 感到天旋地转 → n. 眩晕
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position: (27, 2)

正面: verve
definition: 【考法】n. 活力,热情:vitality, liveliness
[例] The instrumentalists played with skill and verve. 器乐表演者们有着高超的技巧与饱满的热情。
[近] animation, dynamism, energy, exuberance, liveliness, robustness, vibrancy, vigorousness, vim, vitality
[反] lethargy, listlessness, sluggishness, torpidity 精神不振
symbol: [vɜ:rv]
zhuji: 【记】v胜利，er人，ve胜利：总是胜利的人有活力。
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position: (27, 2)

正面: vessel
definition: 【考法1】n. 管:a tube or canal(as an artery)in which a body fluid is contained and conveyed or circulated
[例] blood vessel 血管
[近] artery, vein
【考法2】n. 船,舰艇:a watercraft bigger than a rowboat
[例] the largest military vessel afloat 最大的军用舰艇
[近] boat, cruiser, destroyer, ferry, ship, watercraft
symbol: ['vesl]
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position: (27, 2)

正面: vestige
definition: 【考法】n. 微小的遗迹,小痕迹:the smallest quantity or trace
[例] A few strange words carved on a stone were the only vestige of the lost civilization. 石碑上刻着的几个奇怪的字符是这个失落文明的唯一遗迹。‖the fossilized vestige of a dinosaur that traversed that muddy landscape millions of years ago 数百万年横跨那块泥泞土壤的恐龙的化石碎片
[近] echo, ghost, relic, remain, remnant, residual, shadow, trace
[派] vestigial adj. 残留的;退化的
symbol: ['vestɪʤ]
zhuji: 【记】读：外死体质，在外面死了以后，体质就会变成遗迹。
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position: (27, 2)

正面: vestigial
definition: 【考法】adj. 退化的,发育不全的:(of certain organs or parts of organisms)having attained a simple structure and reduced size and function during the evolution of the species
[例] snake that has vestigial limbs 拥有退化四肢的蛇
[近] incomplete, rudimentary, undeveloped
[反] adult, full-blown, full-fledged, matured, ripe, ripened 成熟的,发育完全的
symbol: [ve'stɪʤiəl]
zhuji: 【记】源于：vestige（n 遗迹；退化的器官）
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position: (27, 2)

正面: veteran
definition: 【考法1】n. 老兵;有丰富经验的人:an old soldier; one having knowledge or ability gained through long experience
[例] As a veteran of overseas travel, she offered us solid advice about planning our trip. 作为一名资深的海外旅行家,她给我们提供了许多关于旅行规划的中肯建议。
[近] doyen, expert, master, maven, warhorse
[反] beginner, colt, fledgling, freshman, greenhorn, neophyte, novice, recruit, rookie, tenderfoot, tyro 新手
【考法2】adj. 经验丰富的,资深的:having or showing exceptional knowledge, experience, or skill in a field of endeavor
[例] She is a veteran teacher who can mentor new teachers. 她是一位资深教师,可以教新教师。
[近] accomplished, adept, consummate, experienced, masterful, professed, skilled, versed, virtuoso
[反] amateur, inexperienced, inexpert, unprofessional, unseasoned, unskilled, unskillful 业余的,经验不足的
symbol: ['vetərən]
zhuji: 【记】读：歪特ran＝ren人，身体特别歪的人－老人。
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position: (27, 2)

正面: veto
definition: 【考法】n./vt. 否决,禁止:to forbid or prohibit authoritatively
[例] The President vetoed the bill. 总统否决了提案。‖We wanted to do a cross-country trip, but our parents vetoed it. 我们想来一次跨国旅行,但是父母不肯批准。
[近] blackball, decline, disallow, disapprove, kill, negative, refuse, reject
[反] accredit, approbate, authorize, clear, confirm, finalize, formalize, ratify, sanction, warrant 批准
symbol: ['vi:toʊ]
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position: (27, 2)

正面: vex
definition: 【考法】vt. 使烦恼,使恼怒:to bring trouble, distress, or agitation to
[例] She was vexed by her son's failure to clean his room. 她因为儿子不清理房间而恼怒。
[近] aggravate, annoy, bother, exasperate, gall, grate, irk, nettle, peeve, rile
[反] appease, assuage, conciliate, mollify, placate, propitiate 平息
[派] vexation n. 烦恼
symbol: [veks]
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position: (27, 2)

正面: viable
definition: 【考法】adj. 可行的:capable of being done or carried out
[例] a viable solution to the problem 解决问题的一个可行方案
[近] achievable, attainable, doable, feasible, practicable, realizable, workable
[反] hopeless, impossible, impracticable, infeasible, unattainable, unviable, unworkable 不可行的
[派] viability n. 可行性
symbol: ['vaɪəbl]
zhuji: 【记】via路，ble：有路可走－可行的via活，ble：能活下去的
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position: (27, 2)

正面: vicarious
definition: 【考法】adj. 代理的,取代的:performed or suffered by one person as a substitute for another or to the benefit or advantage of another
[例] use Internet as a vicarious form of social life 把互联网当作一种虚拟的社交生活
[近] indirect, substitute, surrogate
[反] firsthand 直接的
symbol: [vaɪ'keriəs]
zhuji: 【记】vicar（n 代理主教：代替神父或主教的神职人员），ious：代理的vi微，car车，ious：微型的小汽车有代替大车的趋势－代替的
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position: (27, 2)

正面: vicious
definition: 【考法1】adj. 凶恶的,恶毒的:having or showing the desire to inflict severe pain and suffering on others
[例] vicious slander 恶意诽谤
[近] atrocious, barbaric, barbarous, brutal, butcherly, fiendish, heartless, inhumane, sadistic, savage, truculent
[反] benign, benignant, compassionate, humane, kind, kindhearted, merciful, sympathetic 仁慈的
[派] viciousness n. 邪恶
【考法2】adj. 猛烈的:marked by violence or ferocity
[例] a vicious storm ripped through the region 在境内肆虐的强烈风暴
[近] dreadful, excruciating, explosive, fearsome, ferocious, fierce, intensive, profound, vehement, violent
[反] light, moderate, soft 轻柔的
symbol: ['vɪ∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】vic＝vice（n 罪恶），ious－邪恶的
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position: (27, 3)

正面: vicissitude
definition: 【考法】n. 自然变化,变迁兴衰:natural change or mutation visible in nature or in human affairs
[例] vicissitude of daily life 日常生活的跌宕起伏
[近] fluctuation, mutation, shift, variation
[反] uniformity 一致性,无差异
[派] vicissitudinous adj. 有变化的
symbol: [vɪ'sɪsɪtu:d]
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position: (27, 3)

正面: victimize
definition: 【考法】vt. 使受骗:to subject to deception or fraud
[例] victimized by a confidence man with a slick story 被一个骗子用圆滑的故事欺骗
[近] cheat, cozen, deceive, defraud, dupe, fool, hoax, swindle
[反] disabuse, disenchant, disillusion, undeceive 使醒悟
symbol: ['vɪktɪmaɪz]
zhuji: 【记】vic＝vice（n 罪恶），timize：罪恶的行为是使受骗上当。
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position: (27, 3)

正面: vigilant
definition: 【考法】adj. 警醒的,警惕的:alertly watchful especially to avoid danger
[例] Police warned the public to be vigilant and report anything suspicious. 警方要求公众保持警惕,并上报任何有嫌疑的人或事。‖When traveling through the city, tourists should be extra vigilant. 在这个城市旅行的游客应该保持格外的警惕。
[近] alert, attentive, awake, cautious, observant, sharp, watchful
[反] careless, heedless, inattentive, unmindful, unthinking, unwary 不谨慎的
[派] vigilance n. 警惕
symbol: ['vɪʤɪlənt]
zhuji: 【记】vigil（n 守夜；警觉），ant－警觉的读：危机lant，时时刻刻有危机感－警觉的
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position: (27, 3)

正面: vignette
definition: 【考法】n. 简介,短文:a vivid representation in words of someone or something
[例] The general's memoirs are filled with revealing vignettes of some of the war's most compelling personalities. 将军的回忆录里充满了短小的文章,它们揭露了战争中最引人注意的人物。
[近] definition, delineation, depiction, picture, portrait, portraiture, portrayal, rendering, sketch
symbol: [vɪn'jet]
zhuji: 【记】vigne＝vine（n 葡萄树），tte小：源于用葡萄卷须作装饰花边
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position: (27, 3)

正面: vigorous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 精力旺盛的:having active strength of body or mind
[例] He remains vigorous despite being over 80 years old. 尽管他已年过80,但仍活力不减。
[近] brisk, dynamic, energetic, lively, robust, spirited, vital
[反] dull, lethargic, listless, sluggish, torpid 没有精神的
【考法2】adj. 强健的:able to withstand hardship, strain, or exposure
[例] vigorous and sturdy little sheep bred to live in mountainous regions 在山区喂养的健壮的小羊
[近] hard, hardened, inured, rugged, stout, strong, sturdy, tough, toughened
[反] delicate, soft, tender, weak 脆弱的
[派] vigor n. 精力
symbol: ['vɪgərəs]
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position: (27, 3)

正面: vilify
definition: 【考法】vt. 诽谤,辱骂:to utter slanderous and abusive statements against
[例] be vilified by the press because of her radical views 因为她激进的观点而被媒体抨击
[近] asperse, blacken, calumniate, defame, libel, malign, smear, traduce
[反] acclaim, applaud, commend, praise 表扬
[派] vilification n. 辱骂
symbol: ['vɪlɪfaɪ]
zhuji: 【记】vil＝vile（adj 卑鄙的），ify：诽谤读：威力fy，特有威力的语言－诽谤
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position: (27, 3)

正面: vim
definition: 【考法】n. 活力,精力:robust energy and enthusiasm
[例] A little rest should give me back some of my vim. 稍事休息我应该就能回复些许精力。
[近] animation, bounce, dynamism, energy, liveliness, robustness, verve, vibrancy, vigorousness, vitality
[反] lethargy, listlessness, sluggishness, torpidity 精神不振
symbol: [vɪm]
zhuji: 【记】源于：vigor（n 精力；活力）
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position: (27, 3)

正面: vindicate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 为…平反,为…辩护,使无罪:to free from allegation or blame
[例] The evidence would completely vindicate him. 这个证据将彻底证明他的清白。
[近] absolve, acquit, exculpate, exonerate
[反] incriminate 使有罪
【考法2】vt. 证明,证实:to give evidence or testimony to the truth or factualness of
[例] Recent discoveries have generally vindicated the physicist's theories. 近期的发现整体上证明了物理学家的理论。
[近] attest, authenticate, certify, corroborate, substantiate, support, validate, verify
[反] disprove, rebut, refute [反]驳,驳斥
symbol: ['vɪndɪkeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】vin＝vim（n 活力），dic说，ate－有活力地说－证明正确，平反vin胜利，dic说，ate：为了胜利说－证明
zhuji3000: 【联】 v [对号] + indicate [表明],indicate right → 证明,证实;证明 (一个人的清白) → vt. 为…平反,为…辩护,使无罪
【根】 vin [来自vim, 表示精力] + dic [say] + -ate [v.], 有力地说 → vt. 证明,证实
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position: (27, 3)

正面: vindictive
definition: 【考法】adj. 复仇的,有寻仇倾向的:disposed to seek revenge
[例] vindictive hatred for his brother 对他兄弟的仇恨
[近] avenging, resentful, retaliatory, revengeful, vengeful
[反] forgiving, merciful, relenting 仁慈的
symbol: [vɪn'dɪktɪv]
zhuji3000: 【根】 vin [win] + dict [say] + -ive [a.], 扬言战胜 → a. 复仇的,有寻仇倾向的
[注] 注意区分vindictive [复仇的] 和vindicate [证明; 为…平反]
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position: (27, 3)

正面: virtuoso
definition: 【考法1】n. 艺术鉴赏家,专家:a person with masterly skill or technique in the arts
[例] a violin virtuoso 资深小提琴艺术家
[近] adept, connoisseur, maestro, master, maven, proficient, wizard
[反] amateur, inexpert 业余爱好者,非专业玩家
【考法2】adj. 经验丰富的,技艺精湛的:having or showing exceptional knowledge, experience, or skill in a field of endeavor
[例] The American virtuoso cellist Lynn Harrell joins the orchestra as soloist in Shostakovich's technically challenging Cello Concerto No 2. 来自美国的技艺精湛的大提琴家林恩·哈勒尔作为独奏者加入了乐队,共同演绎肖斯塔科维奇充满挑战的《第二大提琴协奏曲》。
[近] accomplished, adept, consummate, experienced, masterful, professed, skilled, versed, veteran
[反] amateur, inexperienced, inexpert, unprofessional, unseasoned, unskilled, unskillful 业余的,经验不足的
[派] virtuosity n. 精湛技艺
symbol: [ˌvɜ:rt∫u'oʊsoʊ]
zhuji: 【记】virtu＝virtue（n 美德；优点），oso：音乐师
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position: (27, 4)

正面: virtuous
definition: 【考法】adj. 品德高尚的,正直的:having or showing virtue, especially moral excellence
[例] Virtuous behavior is its own reward. 美德本身就是一种回报。‖She felt that she had made a virtuous decision by donating the money to charity. 她觉得把钱捐赠给慈善基金是一个高尚的决定。
[近] decent, ethical, honest, honorable, moral, noble, righteous, straight, upright
[反] bad, evil, immoral, indecent, sinful, unethical, unrighteous, wicked, wrong 邪恶的
symbol: ['vɜ:rt∫uəs]
zhuji: 【记】源于：virtue（n 美德；优点）
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position: (27, 4)

正面: virulent
definition: 【考法1】adj. 有毒的:extremely poisonous or venomous
[例] virulent bacteria 有毒的细菌
[近] poisonous, toxic, venomous
[反] innocuous 无害的;healthy, salubrious, wholesome 有益健康的
【考法2】adj. 凶残的:marked by a rapid, severe, and destructive course
[例] a virulent look on her face 面露凶色
[近] cruel, malevolent, malicious, malignant, spiteful, vicious
[反] benevolent, benign, benignant, loving 仁慈的
[派] virulence n. 毒性;恶毒
symbol: ['vɪrələnt]
zhuji: 【记】viru＝virus（n 病毒），lent－剧毒的
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position: (27, 4)

正面: viscid
definition: 【考法】adj. 有粘性的:having a glutinous consistency
[例] viscid tree resin 粘性的树脂
[近] adherent, adhesive, clingy, gluey, glutinous, tenacious, viscous
[反] slick 光滑的
symbol: ['vɪsɪd]
zhuji: 【记】源于：viscous（adj 粘性的）
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position: (27, 4)

正面: viscous
definition: 【考法】adj. 粘稠的,粘的:viscid; sticky
[例] viscous syrup that takes forever to pour from a narrow-neck bottle 不知要花多久才能从窄口瓶中倒出来的粘稠糖浆
[近] glutinous, syrup, viscid
[反] fluid, watery 流体的,易流动的
symbol: ['vɪskəs]
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position: (27, 4)

正面: visionary
definition: 【考法1】adj. 空想的,不切实际的:having or marked by a tendency to be guided more by ideals than by reality
[例] a visionary plan for a manned flight to Mars 一个构想中的载人火星计划
[近] idealistic, imaginary, impractical, quixotic, romantic, utopian
[反] pragmatic 实事求是的,务实的
【考法2】adj. 幻觉的:not real and existing only in the imagination
[例] claimed to have had visionary experiences of hell 宣称有过到达地狱的幻觉
[近] chimerical, dreamy, fabulous, fantastic, illusory, phantom, unreal
[反] actual, existent, existing, real 真实存在的
【考法3】adj. 有远见的:having or marked by foresight and imagination
[例] a visionary and legendary leader 一个有远见的传奇领袖
[近] farseeing, farsighted, forehanded, foreseeing, forethoughtful, prescient, proactive, provident
[反] improvident, myopic, shortsighted 目光短浅的
symbol: ['vɪʒəneri]
zhuji: 【记】vision（n 视力；视觉；幻想；v 梦见；想象），ary：白日梦的
zhuji3000: 【根】 vis [see] + -ion + -ary [a.], see (in mind) , 在脑海中看到的 → a. 空想的,不切实际的;幻觉的;see (before) , foresight → a. 有远见的
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position: (27, 4)

正面: vitality
definition: 【考法】n. 活力,生命力:physical or mental vigor especially when highly developed
[例] Her vitality seemed to spread to everyone around her. 她的活力似乎能影响身边的每一个人。
[近] animation, bounce, dynamism, energy, liveliness, robustness, verve, vibrancy, vigorousness, vim
[反] lethargy, listlessness, sluggishness, torpidity 精神不振
[派] vitalize vt. 激发,使有活力
symbol: [vaɪ'tæləti]
zhuji: 【记】vital（adj 有活力的），ity：活力
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position: (27, 4)

正面: vitiate
definition: 【考法1】v. 削弱,损害:to reduce the value or impair the quality of
[例] Too many grammatical errors can vitiate the soundness of your writing, so double-check is recommended before submission. 太多的语法错误会削弱你论证的力度,所以建议交稿前检查几遍。
[近] blemish, cripple, deface, degrade, deteriorate, flaw, harm, impair, mar, undermine
[反] doctor, fix, mend, patch, rebuild, recondition, reconstruct, renovate, repair, revamp 修复,再生
【考法2】v.(在道德、审美上)降低,堕落:to debase in moral or aesthetic status
[例] Penchant for coarse language vitiates what is otherwise a refined literary style. 使用粗俗语言的倾向使得本该是一个高雅的文体变得不堪入目。
[近] abase, cheapen, corrupt, debauch, demean, demoralize, deprave, pervert, profane, prostitute, subvert
[反] elevate, ennoble, uplift 使高尚
[派] vitiated adj. 受损害的;堕落的
symbol: ['vɪ∫ieɪt]
zhuji: 【记】viti＝vice（n 罪恶），ate－使堕落vit＝wit，I，ate吃：智慧让狗给吃了－堕落
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position: (27, 4)

正面: vitriolic
definition: 【考法】adj.(言辞)刻薄的:bitterly scathing
[例] vitriolic criticism 刻薄的批评
[近] acerbic, acid, acrid, bitter, biting, caustic, corrosive, harsh, mordant, scalding, scathing, sharp, tart
[反] balmy, benign, bland, delicate, light, mellow, mild, nonabrasive, soft, soothing, tender 柔和的
[派] vitriol n. 刻薄的话语
symbol: [ˌvɪtri'ɑ:lɪk]
zhuji: 【记】vitri玻璃，olic：玻璃是尖的－尖酸刻薄的
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position: (27, 4)

正面: vituperate
definition: 【考法】vt. 谩骂,责骂:to abuse or censure severely or abusively
[例] He was vituperated for betraying his friends. 他因为背叛朋友而被责骂。
[近] abuse, assail, belabor, berate, castigate, excoriate, lambaste, reprimand, scold, rail, revile, upbraid
[反] admire, commend, laud, praise 赞赏
[派] vituperative adj. 辱骂的
symbol: [vaɪ'tu:pəreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】vit＝wit，uper，ate：总是在吃上用智慧，这种行为要指责
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position: (27, 4)

正面: vivacious
definition: 【考法】adj. 活泼的,快活的:lively in temper, conduct, or spirit
[例] a vivacious girl who became a successful sales rep 一个成为成功销售代表的活泼女孩
[近] active, animated, bouncing, brisk, energetic, frisky, kinetic, mettlesome, spirited, sprightly, vital, zippy
[反] dead, inactive, inanimate, languid, languorous, leaden, lifeless, listless, spiritless, vapid 无活力的
[派] vivacity n. 活力,活泼
symbol: [vɪ'veɪ∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】viv＝vivid（adj 生动活泼的），acious：活泼的
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position: (27, 5)

正面: vociferous
definition: 【考法】adj. 喧哗的,大叫大嚷的:making, given to, or marked by noisy and vehement outcry
[例] Vociferous opponents of the bill protested angrily outside the Congress. 议案的反对者在国会外愤怒地进行声势浩大的抗议活动。
[近] blatant, boisterous, clamant, clamorous, obstreperous, strident, yowling
[反] reticent, taciturn 沉默的;serene, tranquil 宁静的
symbol: [voʊ'sɪfərəs]
zhuji: 【记】voci声音，fer带来，ous多－喧哗的
zhuji3000: 【根】 voc [call, voice] + i [连字符] + fer [bring] + -ous [a.], bring [too much] voice → a. 喧哗的,大叫大嚷的
[注] fer作为词根,有“bring, carry [带]” 的含义。如conference [会议] 的字面义bring (ideas) together; 当一个人无法带走全部东西时,先带prefer [更喜欢] 的。
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position: (27, 5)

正面: volatile
definition: 【考法】adj. 多变的:characterized by or subject to rapid or unexpected change
[例] a boss of volatile moods 一个性情多变的老板‖The stock market can be very volatile. 股市瞬息万变。
[近] capricious, changeable, fluid, inconstant, mercurial, skittish, temperamental, variable, versatile
[反] certain, changeless, constant, immutable, invariable, settled, stable, stationary, steady, unchangeable, unvarying 固定的,不变的
[派] volatility n. 易变性,易挥发性
symbol: ['vɑ:lətl]
zhuji: 【记】vola＝volcano（n 火山），tile：活火山是不稳定的
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position: (27, 5)

正面: volition
definition: 【考法】n. 意志,自愿选择的行为:the act or power of making one's own choices or decisions
[例] beyond his volition or control 超出了他的意志和控制范围
[近] choice, decision, discretion, will
[反] coercion, compulsion, constraint, duress, force, pressure 强迫,迫使
symbol: [və'lɪ∫n]
zhuji: 【记】vol＝will（n 意志；决心），ition：意志
zhuji3000: 【根】 vol [will] + -ition [n.] → n. 意志,自愿选择的行为
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position: (27, 5)

正面: voluble
definition: 【考法】adj. 健谈的,话多的:characterized by ready or rapid speech
[例] The voluble gadfly ruined the party. 聚会被那个话又多又让人讨厌的人破坏了。
[近] chatty, eloquent, garrulous, glib, loquacious, talkative, vocative
[反] reticent, taciturn 沉默的;laconic, reserved, succinct 惜字如金的
[派] volubility n. 口若悬河
symbol: ['vɑ:ljəbl]
zhuji3000: 【根】 volu [volv, roll] + -ble [a.], (嘴不停地) “转”的 → a. 健谈的,话多的
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position: (27, 5)

正面: voluminous
definition: 【考法】adj. 卷数多的,大量的,庞大的:having great volume, fullness, size, or number
[例] try to keep a track of voluminous academic database 尝试追踪数目庞大的学术数据库
[近] colossal, considerable, elephantine, enormous, gargantuan, gigantic, mammoth, numerous, oversize
[反] scanty, scarce 缺乏的;dwarf, little, small, undersized 数量少的
symbol: [və'lu:mɪnəs]
zhuji: 【记】volum＝volume（n 容量；卷），inous多：多的
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position: (27, 5)

正面: voluptuous
definition: 【考法】adj. 奢侈逸乐的,沉溺酒色的:given to or spent in enjoyments of luxury, pleasure, or sensual gratifications
[例] They spent a long and voluptuous holiday in Venice. 他们在威尼斯度过了一个漫长而奢华的假期。
[近] carnal, epicurean, luscious, lush, luxurious, indulgent, sensual, sensuous
[反] ascetic, spartan, self-denying 克己的,自制的
[派] voluptuary n. 酒色之徒
symbol: [və'lʌpt∫uəs]
zhuji: 【记】vo，lu露，p屁，tuous多－露出很多屁股－纵欲的
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position: (27, 5)

正面: voracious
definition: 【考法1】adj. 有很大食量的,贪吃的:having a huge appetite
[例] He has a voracious appetite. 他的食量惊人。
[近] edacious, esurient, gluttonous, swinish
[反] abstemious, abstentious 有节制的
【考法2】adj. 贪婪的,如饥似渴的:having or marked by an insatiable appetite for an activity or pursuit
[例] a voracious reader who locked himself up in the study 一个把自己锁在书房里如饥似渴读书的人
[近] acquisitive, avid, covetous, grasping, greedy, hungry, rapacious, ravenous, thirsty
[反] apathetic, indifferent, uneager, unenthusiastic 无所谓的
[派] voracity n. 食欲,贪婪
symbol: [və'reɪ∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】vor＝devour（v 吞吃；狼吞虎咽），acious多－吃得多的－贪婪的
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position: (27, 5)

正面: votary
definition: 【考法】n. 崇拜者,信徒:a person who is fervently devoted, as to a leader or ideal; a faithful follower
[例] votaries of the religious leader 宗教领袖的追随者们
[近] acolyte, adherent, devotee, disciple, fan, fanatic, partisan, pupil, zealot
[反] bellwether, leader 领导;apostate, defector, renegade, traitor, turncoat 叛徒
symbol: ['voʊtəri]
zhuji: 【记】vot＝vote（v 投票；选举），ary－投你的票的人－热心支持者
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position: (27, 5)

正面: vouch
definition: 【考法】v. 担保,声称为真:to declare(something)to be true or genuine; to give a guarantee
[例] willing to vouch for her integrity 愿意担保她的人格
[近] attest, avouch, guarantee, testify, warrant
symbol: [vaʊt∫]
zhuji: 【记】vou＝vow（n 誓约；v 宣誓），ch：担保需要宣誓
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position: (27, 5)

正面: vulgar
definition: 【考法1】adj. 粗俗的,无教养的:morally crude, undeveloped, or unregenerate
[例] He is a vulgar man but his music is quite divine. 虽然他是一个粗俗的人,但他的音乐却十分神奇。
[近] bawdy, coarse, crass, crude, dirty, filthy, gross, lowbred, indecent, nasty, obscene, ribald, rude, uncouth
[反] civilized, cultivated, cultured, genteel, polished, refined, urbane, well-bred 有教养的
【考法2】adj. 口头的,非正式的:used in or suitable for speech and not formal writing
[例] Latin was once the language of scholars, and English the vulgar language used by common people. 很久以前拉丁语才是学术界的官方语言,而英语是普通百姓所使用的。
[近] conversational, informal, nonliterary, unliterary, vernacular
[反] bookish, formal, learned, literary 书面的,正式的
symbol: ['vʌlgər]
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position: (27, 6)

正面: vulnerable
definition: 【考法】adj. 易受攻击的,脆弱的:open to attack or damage
[例] The troops were deployed in a vulnerable position. 部队被部署在了一个容易遭受攻击的位置。‖The fort was undefended and vulnerable. 堡垒没有设防,十分脆弱。
[近] assailable, endangered, exposed, subject, susceptible
[反] guarded, protected, shielded 有保护的;invincible, invulnerable 无敌的
[派] vulnerability n. 弱点,易受伤害
symbol: ['vʌlnərəbl]
zhuji: 【记】vulner＝wound（n 创伤），able－易受伤的
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position: (27, 6)

正面: waddle
definition: 【考法】vi. 摇摇摆摆地走:to walk with short steps that tilt the body from side to side
[例] The duck waddled back into the water. 鸭子一摇一摆地回到了水中。
[近] careen, dodder, reel, teeter, totter
[派] waddling adj. 摇摇摆摆的
symbol: ['wɑ:dl]
zhuji: 【记】读：哇逗，哇塞，真逗！这人儿走路跟鸭子似的。
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position: (27, 6)

正面: waffle
definition: 【考法】vi. 胡扯:to talk or write foolishly
[例] This lecturer will waffle on for hours. 这个老师会胡说八道地扯几个小时。
[近] babble, blather, drivel, gabble, prattle
[反] articulate 清楚地说
symbol: ['wɑ:fl]
zhuji: 【记】wa哇，ff，le乐：两个人在哇哇的乐，因为在胡扯
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position: (27, 6)

正面: waft
definition: 【考法】v. 飘荡,漂浮:to float easily and gently, as on the air
[例] Heavenly aromas wafted from the kitchen. 令人欣悦的香气从厨房飘出。‖A feather wafted past us and settled on the grass. 一片羽毛飘过我们身边,落在草地上。
[近] buoy, drift, glide, hang, hover, raft
[反] flounder, sink 沉没;submerge 下沉
symbol: [wɑ:ft]
zhuji: 【记】源于：raft（n 筏）－漂浮的感觉
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position: (27, 6)

正面: wag
definition: 【考法1】n. 幽默诙谐的人:a humorous or droll person
[例] Some wag wrote a droll satire on the scandal. 一些有才的人就丑闻写了一篇搞怪的讽刺文章。
[近] comedian, comic, droll, humorist, joker, wit
【考法2】v. 摆动:to move to and fro or up and down especially with quick jerky motions
[例] The dog wagged its tail. 狗摆动着它的尾巴。
[近] swish, switch, waggle
symbol: [wæg]
zhuji: 【记】读：外国，幽默者多是外国人
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position: (27, 6)

正面: wan
definition: 【考法】adj. 苍白的,病态的:suggestive of poor health
[例] She looks a little wan after all that tiring work. 在完成那些繁重的工作之后她看起来有些虚弱。
[近] ashen, ashy, blanched, livid, lurid, sickly, pale, pallid
[反] blooming, florid, flush, full-blooded, glowing, red, rosy, rubicund, ruddy, sanguine 红润的,健康的
symbol: [wæn]
zhuji: 【记】wan完，要完蛋了－病态的
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position: (27, 6)

正面: wanderlust
definition: 【考法】n. 旅行癖:a very strong or irresistible impulse to travel
[例] His wanderlust would not allow him to stay long in one spot. 他对旅行的渴望让他不可能在一处久待。
symbol: ['wɑ:ndərlʌst]
zhuji: 【记】wander（v 漫游），lust（n 欲望）：漫游癖
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position: (27, 6)

正面: wane
definition: 【考法】vi. 减少,衰退,降低:to decrease in size, extent, or degree
[例] In the evening the storm finally waned. 傍晚时分风暴终于减弱了。‖The moon waxes and then wanes. 月有阴晴圆缺。
[近] abate, decline, diminish, dwindle, ease, ebb, fall, lessen, lower, moderate, recede, shrink, subside, taper
[反] accumulate, balloon, burgeon, enlarge, escalate, expand, grow, increase, intensify, mushroom, rise, snowball, soar, wax 增加,扩大,上升
[派] waning adj. 衰退的,减少的
symbol: [weɪn]
zhuji: 【记】拼：万恶（淫为首）－名声衰落
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position: (27, 6)

正面: want
definition: 【考法1】n. 短缺:the condition or quality of lacking something usual or necessary
[例] There's a notable want of teachers in rural areas. 农村地区存在着严重的师资短缺问题。
[近] absence, dearth, deficiency, drought, famine, inadequacy, insufficiency, lack, paucity, scarcity, shortage
[反] abundance, adequacy, amplitude, opulence, plenitude, plenty, sufficiency, wealth 丰富,大量
【考法2】vt. 渴望:to have a strong desire for
[例] I want a new car so badly! 我太想要一辆新车了!‖She wanted more time to finish the test. 她希望能有更多的时间来完成考试。
[近] ache, covet, crave, hunger, itch, long, lust, pine, repine, thirst, wish, yearn
[反] abhor, abominate, despise, detest, execrate, hate, loathe 厌恶,[反]感
symbol: [wɑ:nt]
zhuji: 【记】因为want所以want东西
zhuji3000: [义] v. 短缺;渴望
[注] 动名词形式wanting [a. 未出现的,缺少的;未达到要求的]
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position: (27, 6)

正面: warmonger
definition: 【考法】n. 好战者:one who urges or attempts to stir up war
[例] Fortunately, the warmongers met with overwhelming opposition. 幸运的是,好战者们碰到了巨大的阻力。
[近] belligerent, hawk, jingoist, war hawk
[反] dove, pacifist 和平主义者
symbol: ['wɔ:rmʌŋgər]
zhuji: 【记】war战争，monger（n 商人，贩子）：战争贩子
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position: (27, 7)

正面: warp
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使偏向:to turn from a correct or proper course
[近] avert, deflect, divert, veer
[反] straighten 使变直,使回归正轨
【考法2】vt. 扭曲,变形:to twist(something)out of a natural or normal shape or condition
[例] The heat caused the wood to warp. 高温使得木头变形了。
[近] deform, misshape, screw, torture
[派] warped adj. 弯曲的,变形的
【考法3】vt. 曲解:to change so much as to create a wrong impression or alter the meaning of
[例] The faulty English translation really warps the meaning of the original Chinese text. 错误的英语翻译曲解了中文的原意。
[近] distort, falsify, misinterpret, misrepresent, twist
[反] clarify, clear, explain, illuminate, illustrate 澄清
symbol: [wɔ:rp]
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position: (27, 7)

正面: warrant
definition: 【考法1】vt. 向…保证质量:to assume responsibility for the satisfactory quality or performance of
[例] The computer company unconditionally warrants all of its products for one full year. 这个电脑公司对所有的产品提供为期一年的质量保证。
[近] assure, avouch, guarantee, vouch
【考法2】vt. 批准,认可:to give official acceptance of as satisfactory
[例] The law warrants these measures. 法律允许这些措施。
[近] approbate, authorize, clear, confirm, finalize, formalize, ratify, sanction
[反] decline, deny, disallow, disapprove, negative, reject, veto 禁止,否决
[派] warranted adj. 担保的;warranty n. 保证,承诺
symbol: ['wɔ:rənt]
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position: (27, 7)

正面: wary
definition: 【考法】adj. 小心的,机警的,谨慎的:marked by keen caution, cunning, and watchfulness
[例] keep a wary eye out for signs of the enemy 对敌人的形迹保持警惕
[近] alert, cautious, chary, circumspect, conservative, guarded, heedful, vigilant, watchful
[反] careless, heedless, incautious, unguarded, unmindful, unwary 不谨慎的
[派] wariness n. 谨慎,小心
symbol: ['weri]
zhuji: 【记】war，y：在战斗中要小心翼翼的，不然就歇菜了。
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position: (27, 7)

正面: wastrel
definition: 【考法】n. 肆意挥霍的人,败家子:one who expends resources foolishly and self-indulgently
[例] He ended up being a wastrel and a drunkard. 他最后成了一个花天酒地的败家子,还是一个酒鬼。
[近] fritterer, profligate, spender, spendthrift, squanderer, waster
[反] economizer, penny-pincher 节约的人;hoarder, miser, niggard 吝啬鬼
symbol: ['weɪstrəl]
zhuji: 【记】wastre＝waste浪费，l：败家子
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position: (27, 7)

正面: watershed
definition: 【考法】n. 重要关头,分水岭:a crucial dividing point: turning point
[例] a watershed moment in her life 她命运的分水岭
[近] climax, corner, event, landmark, milestone
symbol: ['wɔ:tər∫ed]
zhuji: 【记】water水，shed（v 脱落；n 分水岭）
zhuji3000: 【根】 water [水] + shed [分散], 水流分开 → n. 分水岭,重要关头
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position: (27, 7)

正面: wax
definition: 【考法1】vi. 月亮渐满:to increase in phase or intensity, used chiefly of the moon, other satellites, and inferior planets
[反] wane 月亮渐亏
【考法2】vt. 用蜡涂、处理或上光:to coat(something)with a slippery substance in order to reduce friction
[例] wax the floor 给地板打蜡
[近] grease, oil, slick
[反] coarsen, rough, roughen 使粗糙
【考法3】vi. 增大,增强:to increase in size, numbers, strength, prosperity, or intensity
[例] The commitment of the young volunteers to the cause seems to wax. 青年志愿者们对于这项事业的投入似乎在增多。
[近] accelerate, accumulate, appreciate, balloon, boom, burgeon, enlarge, escalate, expand, proliferate, rise
[反] contract, decrease, diminish, dwindle, lessen, recede 减少,减弱
[派] waxing adj. 增加的
symbol: [wæks]
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position: (27, 7)

正面: waylay
definition: 【考法】vt. 埋伏,伏击:to lie in wait for or attack from ambush
[例] Unsuspecting tourists are often waylaid by gangs. 不警惕的旅客们常常被犯罪团伙偷袭。‖We were waylaid by a group of protestors with rocks. 我们被一群示威者用石头偷袭了。
[近] ambush, assault, lurk
symbol: [weɪ'leɪ]
zhuji: 【记】way，lay躺：在路边躺着伏击。Waylaid是waylay的过去式及过去分词
zhuji3000: 【根】 way [路] + lay [躺], (士兵) 躺在路上 → v. 埋伏,伏击
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position: (27, 7)

正面: welter
definition: 【考法】n. 混乱,动乱:a state of wild disorder
[例] There was a welter of pushing and shoving. 到处是推搡和拥挤的混乱局面。‖The troop withdrawal would plunge the country into a welter of anarchy and endless civil war. 撤军会使得这个国家陷入无政府的动乱状态和无尽的内战中。
[近] disturbance, furor, hurricane, pandemonium, turmoil, uproar, whirl
[反] calm, peace, tranquility 平静,宁静;order 秩序
symbol: ['weltər]
zhuji: 【记】源于：wallow（v /n 打滚）
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position: (27, 7)

正面: wheedle
definition: 【考法】v.(用花言巧语)诱惑,哄骗:to persuade or attempt to persuade by flattery or guile
[例] wheedle him into working for them 哄骗他为他们工作‖She pleaded and wheedled, but I wouldn't be swayed. 她软磨硬泡地求我,但我仍不动摇。
[近] adulate, blandish, cajole, coax
[反] coerce, compel, demand, force, oblige, require 迫使,强求
symbol: ['wi:dl]
zhuji: 【记】w，heed（v 注意），le乐：注意让你乐－哄骗读：we逗，我们用甜言蜜语逗你－哄骗
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position: (27, 7)

正面: whet
definition: 【考法】vt. 磨快:to sharpen by rubbing on or with something(as a stone)
[例] whett the dagger with the grindstone 用磨石把匕首磨锋利
[近] edge, grind, hone, stone, strop
[反] blunt, dull 使变钝
symbol: [wet]
zhuji: 【记】whet的时候要把whetstone弄wet。What？你要whet？？？
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position: (27, 8)

正面: whiff
definition: 【考法1】n. 微风:a quick puff or slight gust especially of air, odor, gas, smoke, or spray
[例] A whiff of fresh air reinvigorated him. 一股清新的空气让他恢复了活力。
[近] breath, puff
[反] blast 强烈的气流
【考法2】n. 细微的信号,轻微痕迹:an almost imperceptible sign of something
[例] Even a whiff of appreciation for everything I've done for her would have been nice. 她哪怕是对我为她的付出流露出一丁点的感激之情也好啊。‖Humanity is unregenerable and hates the language of conformity, since conformity has a whiff of the inhuman about it.(Anthony Burgess)人性是不能改造也无法统一的,因为一致性本身带有一点点不人道的意味。(安东尼·伯吉斯)
[近] flicker, glimmer, suggestion, touch, trace
symbol: [wɪf]
zhuji: 【记】读：微抚，轻微的抚摸－轻吹
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position: (27, 8)

正面: whimsical
definition: 【考法】adj. 反复无常的:prone to sudden illogical changes of mind, ideas, or actions
[例] It's hard to make plans with such a whimsical friend. 和这样一个反复无常的朋友制定计划是很困难的。
[近] capricious, fickle, freakish, mercurial, volatile
[反] resolute, unwavering 坚决的
[派] whimsicality n. 反复无常
symbol: ['wɪmzɪkl]
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position: (27, 8)

正面: wholesome
definition: 【考法】adj. 有益身心健康的:promoting mental, moral, or social health
[例] try to eat a more wholesome diet 尽可能有更健康的饮食习惯
[近] healthy, restorative, salubrious, recuperative, tonic
[反] insalubrious, noxious, unhealthy, unwholesome 不健康的,有害的
[派] wholesomeness n. 健康
symbol: ['hoʊlsəm]
zhuji: 【记】whole（adj 恢复了健康的），some：有益于健康的
zhuji3000: 【根】 whole [entire, unhurt] + -some [a., tending to], 有助于“完整、无损”, 有助于健康 → a. 有益身心健康的
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position: (27, 8)

正面: wicked
definition: 【考法】adj. 邪恶的:morally very bad
[例] a wicked urge to steal just for the sake of stealing 纯粹为了偷盗而偷盗的邪恶冲动
[近] dark, evil, immoral, iniquitous, nefarious, sinful, vicious, villainous
[反] decent, ethical, good, honest, honorable, moral, righteous, sublime, upright, virtuous 高尚的
[派] wickedness n. 邪恶
symbol: ['wɪkɪd]
zhuji: 【记】wic＝vice（n 罪恶），ked：邪恶的源于：witch（n 巫婆）－邪恶的人
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position: (27, 8)

正面: wince
definition: 【考法】vi. 畏缩:to shrink back involuntarily as from pain
[例] wince at the horrible corpses 在令人恐惧的尸体面前畏缩
[近] blench, cringe, quail, quiver, recoil, shrink, tremble
[反] confront, face, meet 直面;challenge 挑战
symbol: [wɪns]
zhuji: 【记】win赢，ce死：我要赢死你，还不快退缩。
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position: (27, 8)

正面: windbag
definition: 【考法】n. 健谈的人:an exhaustively talkative person
[例] With a windbag like that, who needs a wind farm to meet our energy needs? 有了他这样一个多话的“吹风机”,谁还要风力发电厂来满足电力需求呢?
[近] babbler, conversationalist, gabbler, gasbag, prattler
symbol: ['wɪndbæg]
zhuji: 【记】wind风，bag书包：书包里都是风，没有实际内容－夸夸其谈的人
zhuji3000: 【根】 wind [风] + bag [袋子], 一个人的嘴像“风袋子” → n. 健谈的人
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position: (27, 8)

正面: windy
definition: 【考法】adj. 冗长的:characterized by wearisome verbosity
[例] a windy saleswoman who told us a lot more than we wanted to know about vacuum cleaners 一个啰嗦的女销售员,一个劲地说着我们不想知道的关于吸尘器的细节
[近] circuitous, circumlocutory, diffuse, garrulous, prolix, rambling, verbose
[反] compact, concise, crisp, pithy, succinct, terse 简洁的
symbol: ['wɪndi]
zhuji3000: 【根】 wind [风] + -y [a.], 像风一样 → a. 冗长的
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position: (27, 8)

正面: winsome
definition: 【考法】adj. 迷人的,漂亮的:generally pleasing and engaging often because of a childlike charm and innocence
[例] fascinated by her winsome smile 为她动人一笑所倾倒
[近] adorable, charming, disarming, enchanting, endearing, sweet, winning
[反] abhorrent, abominable, detestable, hateful, loathsome, odious 令人厌恶的
[派] winsomeness n. 迷人
symbol: ['wɪnsəm]
zhuji: 【记】win赢，some身体：用身体赢得别人的－迷人的
zhuji3000: 【根】 win [赢] + -some [a., tending to], tending to win attention → a. 迷人的,漂亮的
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position: (27, 8)

正面: wit
definition: 【考法1】n. 机智,智慧:the natural ability to perceive and understand
[例] lack the wit to judge 缺乏判断的智慧
[近] astuteness, brilliance, foxiness, intelligence, keenness, perspicacity, sagacity, sharpness, shrewdness
[反] brainlessness, dullness, fatuity, lunacy, silliness 愚蠢
【考法2】n. 智者,有智慧的人:a person of exceptional intelligence
[例] a man who fancied himself as a great wit 一个把自己想象成智慧的化身的男子
[近] illuminati, pundit, sage, savant, scholar
[反] dolt, fool, idiot, simpleton 傻子
[派] witty adj. 有智慧的
symbol: [wɪt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 表示know [知道] ,来自词根vis, vid。“看清” [I see] 相当于“知道,理解” [I know]。(ability to) know → n. 机智,智慧;智者,有智慧的人
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position: (27, 8)

正面: withdraw
definition: 【考法】v. 撤退:to take back or away
[例] The army was forced to withdraw from the frontline. 部队被迫从前线撤回。
[近] recede, retreat, fall back
[反] advance 前进;place, position, put 放置,安置
[派] withdrawal n. 撤退;withdrawn adj. 性格内向的,离群的
symbol: [wɪð'drɔ:]
zhuji: 【记】with回，draw拉－拉回－撤销
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position: (27, 9)

正面: wither
definition: 【考法】vi. 枯萎,凋谢:to become dry and sapless
[例] Amaranth is a legendary flower that never withers. 传说中的Amaranth是一种永不凋谢的花。
[近] dry, fade, shrivel, wane, wilt, wizen
[反] revive 复活;bloom, flourish, prosper, thrive 繁茂
[派] withering adj. 凋谢的,凋亡的
symbol: ['wɪðər]
zhuji: 【记】weather不好，植物就会wither。
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position: (27, 9)

正面: withhold
definition: 【考法】vt. 抑制;扣压,不给予:to hold back from action; to refrain from granting, giving, or allowing
[例] withhold sensitive information 限制敏感信息的传播
[近] decline, disallow, disapprove, detain, refuse, reject, reprobate, restrain, retain
[反] allow, concede, grant, permit 授予
symbol: [wɪð'hoʊld]
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position: (27, 9)

正面: wizen
definition: 【考法1】v.(使)凋谢,(使)枯萎:to become dry, shrunken, and wrinkled often as a result of aging or of failing vitality
[近] dry, mummify, shrivel, wither
[反] revive 复活;bloom, flourish, prosper, thrive 繁茂
【考法2】adj. 凋谢的,枯萎的:shriveled or dried up
[近] faded, withered
[反] blooming 盛开的
symbol: ['waɪzn]
zhuji: 【记】wize＝wise（adj 英明的；明智的），n：明智都藏到n里面了，所以wizen。
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position: (27, 9)

正面: wobble
definition: 【考法1】vi. 摇晃,颤抖:to move or proceed with an irregular rocking or staggering motion or unsteadily and clumsily from side to side
[例] The drunk stood up, wobbled for a moment, and fell forward. 醉汉站了起来,晃动了一阵,然后向前倒了下去。
[近] rock, totter
[反] stabilize 使稳定
【考法2】vi. 犹豫不决:to show uncertainty about the right course of action
[例] We cannot tolerate the government wobbling at this critical time. 我们不能容忍政府在这种关键时刻犹豫不决。
[近] falter, stagger, teeter, vacillate, waver
symbol: ['wɑ:bl]
zhuji: 【记】wo我，bb宝宝，le乐：我的宝宝乐了－摇晃身体
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position: (27, 9)

正面: worldly
definition: 【考法1】adj. 世间的,世俗的:of this world rather than spiritual or religion affairs
[例] preoccupied with worldly concerns 纠缠于世俗的忧虑‖It is time you woke up and focused your thoughts on more worldly matters. 现在你应该停止做梦,然后把自己的精力集中在更现实的问题上了。
[近] carnal, corporeal, material, mundane
[反] mental, spiritual 精神的;heavenly 天国的
【考法2】adj. 老练的:experienced in human affairs
[例] My little sister was worldly and sophisticated, quite unlike me. 与我截然不同的是,我的妹妹在为人处世方面非常老练。
[近] cosmopolitan, sophisticated
[反] ingenuous, innocent, naïve, unsophisticated 天真的
symbol: ['wɜ:rldli]
zhuji3000: [义] a. 世间的,世俗的;老练的
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position: (27, 9)

正面: worship
definition: 【考法1】n. 崇拜,敬仰:extravagant respect to an object of esteem
[例] the belief in swords and the worship of force 刀剑信仰与武力崇拜
[近] adulation, adoration, deification, idolatry, reverence, veneration
[反] dislike, dismissal, disregard, hatred, loathing, scorn [反]感,厌恶
【考法2】v. 崇拜,膜拜:to offer honor or respect to(someone)as a divine power
[例] The ancient Greeks worshipped many different gods. 古希腊人崇拜不同的神明。
[近] adore, deify, glorify, revere, venerate
[反] blaspheme, desecrate, profane, violate 亵渎
symbol: ['wɜ:r∫ɪp]
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position: (27, 9)

正面: wrangle
definition: 【考法1】n. 纷争,争端:an often noisy or angry expression of differing opinions
[例] There was a bit of a wrangle over how much money to give the high school for its sports programs. 这个高中应该获得多少体育项目的拨款引起了一阵纷争。
[近] altercation, controversy, disagreement, dispute, fight, imbroglio, quarrel, squabble
[反] harmony 和谐
【考法2】vi. 争吵:to quarrel noisily or angrily
[例] Local residents wrangled for hours about property taxes. 当地居民就房产税的问题争吵不休。
[近] altercate, argue, bicker, controvert, hassle, quibble, spat, tiff
[派] wrangler n. 争吵的人
symbol: ['ræŋgl]
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position: (27, 9)

正面: wretched
definition: 【考法1】adj. 极差的:very poor in quality or ability
[例] the wretched conditions of the refugee camp 难民营极恶劣的条件
[近] bad, coarse, inferior, low-grade, mediocre, miserable, poor, rubbishy, terrible, trashy
[反] excellent, fine, first-class, first-rate, good, high-grade, superior 优质的
【考法2】adj. 沮丧的:deeply afflicted, dejected, or distressed in body or mind
[例] She was wretched for weeks after breaking up with her boyfriend. 她与男友分手后郁闷了几个星期。
[近] blue, crestfallen, dejected, doleful, dolorous, gloomy, melancholy, mournful, rueful, sorrowful, woeful
[反] blissful, buoyant, cheerful, delighted, glad, happy, joyful, jubilant 欢乐的
[派] wretchedness n. 沮丧
symbol: ['ret∫ɪd]
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position: (27, 9)

正面: wry
definition: 【考法1】adj. 扭曲的:abnormally twisted or bent to one side
[例] a wry smile 扭曲的笑容
[近] bending, crooked, curving, devious
[反] common, normal, usual 正常的
【考法2】adj. 坚持错误的:stubborn in adherence to wrong opinion or principles
[近] headstrong, obstinate, pertinacious, perverse, stubborn, wrongheaded
[反] amenable, compliant, complying, flexible, pliable, pliant, relenting, yielding 容易改变立场的
symbol: [raɪ]
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position: (27, 9)

正面: xenophobe
definition: 【考法】n. 仇视(或畏惧)外国人(或外国事物)者:one unduly fearful of what is foreign and especially of people of foreign origin
[例] But from what I know, no way could this thoroughly US-educated woman(from the age of 12)be a xenophobe. 但根据我的了解,这个从12岁起就接受彻底的美国教育的女人不可能是抵触外国事物的人。
[反] xenomania崇洋媚外的人
[派] xenophobia n. 仇外情绪
symbol: ['zenəfəʊb]
zhuji: 【记】xeno外国人，phobe恐惧
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position: (27, 10)

正面: yoke
definition: 【考法】v. 连接:to become joined or linked
[例] yoke several ideas together to propose a novel theory 将几个想法结合起来提出一个全新的理论
[近] chain, conjugate, hook, interconnect, join, link, unite
[反] disconnect, disjoin, dissever, disunite, separate, sunder, unchain, unlink, unyoke 分开
symbol: [joʊk]
zhuji: 【记】读：游客，需要结合在一起防止发生危险。
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position: (27, 10)

正面: yokel
definition: 【考法】n. 乡下人,天真纯朴的人:a naive or gullible inhabitant of a rural area or small town
[例] a lame comedy about the misadventures of yokels in the big city 讲述乡下人在大都市中不幸遭遇的蹩脚喜剧
[近] bucolic, bumpkin, churl, provincial, rustic
[反] cosmopolitan 云游四海的人
symbol: ['joʊkl]
zhuji: 【记】yoke（n 牛轭），l：用牛轭的人－乡巴佬读：游寇－乡巴佬
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position: (27, 10)

正面: zeal
definition: 【考法】n. 热心,热诚:enthusiastic devotion to a cause, ideal, or goal and tireless diligence in its furtherance
[例] preaches with fanatical zeal 带着狂热进行传教
[近] ardor, devotion, enthusiasm, fervidness, fervor, passion
[反] apathy, indifference, nonchalance, torpor, unconcern 麻木,冷漠
[派] zealous adj. 狂热的
symbol: [zi:l]
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position: (27, 10)

正面: zealot
definition: 【考法】n. 狂热者,极端主义者: someone whose views and actions are very extreme, especially in following a particular political or religious belief
[例] In matters of taste, the art patron and collector Peggy Guggenheim was a zealot: she was for the strangest, the most surprising, the most satisfying, the best, the unique. 就品位而言,艺术赞助人和收藏家Peggy Guggenheim是一个狂热者:她总是倾向于最新奇、最让人满意和最独特的佳品。
[近] enthusiast, extremist, fanatic, fiend, freak, partisan, maniac, nut
[反] moderate 温和派
[派] zeal n. 狂热
symbol: ['zelət]
zhuji: 【记】zeal（热心，热情），ot
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position: (27, 10)

正面: zenith
definition: 【考法】n. 最高点,巅峰:culminating point
[例] at the zenith of his power 他到达了权力巅峰
[近] acme, apex, apogee, climax, crescendo, crest, peak, pinnacle, summit, top
[反] bottom, nadir 最低点
symbol: ['zenɪθ]
zhuji: 【记】读：ze你死，从zenith上掉下来你就会死。
zhuji3000: 【联】 zen [sen] + -ith [n.], senor [a. 年龄大的;级别高的] → n. 最高点,巅峰
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position: (27, 10)

正面: zesty
definition: 【考法】adj. 刺激的,开胃的:appealingly piquant or lively
[例] a zesty sauce 味道刺激的酱汁
[近] peppery, piquant, pungent, salty, savory, spicy, zingy
[反] bland, insipid, vapid, zestless 乏味的
symbol: [zesti]
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position: (27, 10)

正面: abreast
definition: 【考法1】adv. 并排地:beside one another with bodies in line
[例] a group of youths riding four abreast 四个一排骑着车的一群年轻人
[近] alongside, side by side
[反] aimlessly, desultorily, erratically, haphazardly, irregularly, randomly, willy-nilly 混乱地
【考法2】adj. 熟知的:up to a particular standard or level especially of knowledge of recent developments
[例] She tried to keep abreast of the latest fashion trends. 她总是尽可能地跟上时尚的潮流。
[近] acquainted, conversant, informed, knowledgeable, versed, well-informed
[反] ignorant, unacquainted, unfamiliar, uninformed, unknowledgeable 无知的,不熟悉的
symbol: [ə'brest]
zhuji: 【记】a一对，breast乳房―并排地"
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position: (28, 1)

正面: absent
definition: 【考法1】adj. 未出现的,缺乏的:not present, attending or existing
[例] The city's usual stir of activity was conspicuously absent due to the report of an escaped lion from the zoo. 一则动物园狮子逃跑的消息让这座城市缺少了往日的繁华热闹。
[近] away, lacking, missing, nonexistent, wanting
[反] existent, present 存在的,出现的
【考法2】adj. 不专心的,走神的:lost in thought
[例] He seemed absent because he nodded but didn't say anything. 他只点了点头但没说话,看起来像是走神了。
[近] abstracted, distracted
[反] alert, vigilant, watchful, wary 警惕的;attentive, heedful, mindful, preoccupied 专注的
symbol: ['æbsənt]
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position: (28, 1)

正面: acclaim
definition: 【考法1】n. 称赞:public acknowledgment or admiration for an achievement
[例] Many people were involved in the search, but the person who actually found the missing girl got all the acclaim. 许许多多的人都参与了搜救行动,但是只有真正找到那个迷失的小女孩的人才受到了称赞。
[近] accolade, applause, credit, distinction, homage, honor, kudos, laud, laurels
【考法2】vt. 赞扬,赞颂:to declare enthusiastic approval of
[例] He was acclaimed as the country's greatest modern painter. 他被盛赞为国内最优秀的现代画家。
[近] accredit, applaud, cheer, commend, endorse, exalt, hail, praise, salute, tout
[反] castigate, excoriate, lambaste, pan, slam 猛烈抨击
symbol: [ə'kleɪm]
zhuji: 【记】ac一再，claim喊叫－一再叫喊－欢呼
zhuji3000: 【根】 ac- [ad-, to] + claim [shout], 叫 (好) → n. 称赞;vt. 赞扬,赞颂
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position: (28, 1)

正面: accomplish
definition: 【考法】vt. 完成,实现:to carry through(as a process)to completion
[例] I don't think we can accomplish our goal unless we cooperate. 我认为只有合作才能实现我们的目标。
[近] achieve, commit, execute, fulfill, make, perpetrate, prosecute, carry out
[反] fail 失败
[派] accomplishment n. 成就;accomplished adj. 有造诣的
symbol: [ə'kɑ:mplɪ∫]
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position: (28, 1)

正面: accord
definition: 【考法1】n. 一致:a state of consistency
[例] This map doesn't seem to be in accord with the current layout of the streets. 这幅地图似乎与当前的街道情况不尽一致。
[近] accordance, agreement, conformity, congruence, congruity, consensus, consonance, harmony, tune
[反] conflict, disagreement, incongruence, incongruity, incongruousness 不一致
【考法2】vi. 相符合,相一致:to be consistent or in harmony
[例] a theory that accords with the known facts 与已知事实相一致的理论‖He claims that the newspaper's quote does not accord with what he actually said. 他声称报纸引用的与他真正所说的话并不相符。
[近] agree, chord, cohere, coincide, conform, correspond, fit, harmonize, jibe, sort, square, tally
[反] differ, disagree 不相同,不一致
[派] accordance n. 一致,和谐
【考法3】vt. 授予,给予:to grant or give especially as appropriate, due, or earned
[例] Women were finally accorded the right to vote in 1920. 女性最终在1920年获得了投票权。
[近] accord, award, grant, vest, vouchsafe
[反] withhold 保留,不给予;recant, retract, withdraw 撤回,收回
symbol: [ə'kɔ:rd]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ac- [ad-, to] + cord [heart], to one heart, (万众) 一心 → n. 一致 vi. 相符合,相一致;
[注] accord的另外一个含义是授予,给予,例如accord praise [给予表扬]
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position: (28, 1)

正面: acknowledge
definition: 【考法】vt. 承认:to admit the existence, reality, or truth of
[例] He refused to acknowledge the fact that her daughter has gone. 他拒绝承认女儿已经死去的事实。
[近] admit, agree, allow, concede, confess, grant, own
[反] deny 否认
[派] acknowledgement n. 承认
symbol: [ək'nɑ:lɪʤ]
zhuji: 【记】knowledge知识，知道－已知道－承认"
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position: (28, 1)

正面: acquire
definition: 【考法】vt. 获取,获得:to get as one's own
[例] bacteria that acquire tolerance to antibiotics 产生了抗药性的细菌‖I have never acquired a taste for wine. 我从来就不具备对葡萄酒的品味能力。
[近] attain, capture, draw, gain, garner, get, make, obtain, procure, realize, reap, secure, win, bring in
[反] forfeit, lose 丧失
[派] acquired adj. 后天的
symbol: [ə'kwaɪər]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ac- [ad-, to] + quir [ask, seek] + -e [v.], to ask, to seek, 去寻求、索要 → vt. 获取,获得
【联】 acquisitive [a. 贪婪的], “不断去 [ac-=ad-, to] 寻求、索要 [quis]”
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position: (28, 1)

正面: acquisitive
definition: 【考法】adj. 贪婪的:strongly desirous of acquiring and possessing
[例] Acquisitive developers are trying to tear down the ancient temple and build a shopping mall instead. 贪婪的开发商打算铲平这座古老的神庙,取而代之建造一座购物中心。
[近] avaricious, avid, coveting, covetous, grabby, grasping, mercenary, moneygrubbing, rapacious
[反] benevolent, generous, liberal, philanthropic, munificent 慷慨的
symbol: [ə'kwɪzətɪv]
zhuji: 【记】源于acquire（vt 获得，学到），ive用在人身上的特征，表示一个人过分的作某事＝过分的想获得＝贪得无厌的
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position: (28, 1)

正面: adjudicate
definition: 【考法】v. 裁决,判定:to hear and settle(a case, dispute or conflict)
[例] When my wife and I asked the salesclerk to adjudicate our disagreement, she agreed with me that the white shoes looked better. 我和我妻子要求售货员来裁决我们之间的争论,她同意我的观点,认为白色的鞋子看起来更漂亮。
[近] adjudge, arbitrate, decide, determine, judge, referee, settle, umpire
symbol: [ə'ʤu:dɪkeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ad朝向，judic（to judge判断）－裁决
zhuji3000: 【根】 ad- [to] + jud [judge] + -ic + -ate [v.], to judge → v. 裁决,判定
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position: (28, 1)

正面: adversity
definition: 【考法】n. 厄运,逆境:a state, condition, or instance of serious or continued difficulty or adverse fortune
[例] The fire is the test of gold, adversity of strong man.(Martha Graham)烈火试真金,逆境炼勇士。——玛莎·葛兰姆‖They finally overcame all the adversities of the Great Depression and rebuilt their fortunes. 他们终于度过了大萧条的困境,开始重新创造他们的财富。
[近] ill, hardship, misadventure, mischance, mishap, tragedy
[反] fortune, fluke, luck, serendipity 好运气
symbol: [əd'vɜ:rsəti]
zhuji: 【记】ad朝向，vers移转，ity名次后缀－转来坏运气－灾难
zhuji3000: 【根】 ad- [to] + vers [turn] + -ity [n.], (condition) turn (against) → n. 厄运,逆境
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position: (28, 1)

正面: affectation
definition: 【考法】n. 虚伪,做作:the act of taking on or displaying an attitude or mode of behavior not natural to oneself or not genuinely felt
[例] His little affectations irritated her. 他做作的小动作激怒了她。
[近] façade, guise, mannerism, pose, pretense, show
[反] artlessness, genuineness, innocence, naivety 天真,淳朴
symbol: [ˌæfek'teɪ∫n]
zhuji: 【记】af朝向，fect做，造，ation名词后缀－做出来的－矫揉造作；
zhuji3000: 【根】 af- [ad-, to] + fect [do] + -ation [n.], (刻意地) 去做 → n. 虚伪,做作
[注] 注意与形近词affection [n. 喜爱;感情] 进行区分
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position: (28, 2)

正面: affirm
definition: 【考法】vt. 声称…为真,肯定…属实:to assert(as a judgment or decree)as valid or confirmed
[例] He was unwilling to affirm without further study that the painting is an original Rembrandt. 在缺乏进一步研究的情况下,他不愿意声称这幅画作是出自伦勃朗的正品。
[近] allege, assert, aver, avouch, avow, contend, declare, insist, maintain, profess, protest, purport, warrant
[反] deny, gainsay, disclaim, recant 否定,[反]对
[派] affirmation n. 肯定,确认
symbol: [ə'fɜ:rm]
zhuji: 【记】af朝向，firm增强，坚定－断言，肯定
zhuji3000: 【根】 af- [ad-, to] + firm [a. 坚定的; 牢固的], 坚定地说 → v. 声称…为真,肯定…属实
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position: (28, 2)

正面: affix
definition: 【考法】vt. 粘合:to attach physically
[例] affix a stamp to a letter 把邮票贴在信封上
[近] attach, bend, fix
[反] detach, undo, unfasten, unhook 松开,分开
symbol: [ə'fɪks]
zhuji: 【记】af朝向，fix系紧，固定－贴上"
zhuji3000: 【根】 af- [ad-, to] + fix [v. 固定], 去固定 → v. 粘合
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position: (28, 2)

正面: affliction
definition: 【考法】n. 痛苦,悲伤,折磨:a state of great suffering of body or mind
[例] She listened with deep affliction as her daughter told her about the latest trouble she was in. 听着女儿诉说自己目前艰难的处境,她感到深深的心痛。
[近] agony, anguish, dolor, excruciation, grief, hurt, misery, pain, rack, torment, torture, travail, tribulation, woe
[反] bliss, cheer, delight, ecstasy, elation, euphoria, exhilaration, exuberance, exultation, felicity, joy, jubilation, pleasure, rapture 喜悦,高兴
symbol: [ə'flɪk∫n]
zhuji: 【记】af一再，flict打击，ion名词后缀－一再受到打击－痛苦，折磨
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position: (28, 2)

正面: agape
definition: 【考法】adj. 急切盼望的:having or showing signs of eagerly awaiting something
[例] At the sound of the sleigh bells the children were all agape, waiting for Santa to appear. 听到雪橇铃声,孩子们开始急切地等待圣诞老人的到来。
[近] agog, anticipant, anticipatory
[反] apathetic, indifferent, unconcerned, uninterested 不感兴趣的,不为所动的
symbol: [ə'geɪp]
zhuji: 【记】1）a一再，gape张开，张大2）ag作，ape猩猩。做猩猩。猩猩有一个毛病—张大嘴。这是有生理原因的，猩猩原本是大搀猫的代表。看见什么都想吃（包括天上星星），所以每天晚上它都张着大嘴，仰望星辰。故取名为猩猩。"
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position: (28, 2)

正面: agility
definition: 【考法】n.(身手)敏捷:quickness, ease and grace in physical activity
[例] His agility on the parallel bars has won him several medals. 他在双杠上的矫捷身姿助他赢得了数枚奖牌。
[近] deftness, dexterity, nimbleness, sleight, spryness
[反] awkwardness, clumsiness, gaucheness, gawkiness, gracelessness, ungainliness(行动)笨拙
symbol: [ə'ʤɪləti]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ag [act] + -il (e) [easy] + i + -ty [n.], easy to act, (身体) 方便行动 → n. (身手) 敏捷
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position: (28, 2)

正面: agreeable
definition: 【考法1】adj. 令人愉悦的:pleasing to the mind or senses especially as according well with one's tastes or needs
[例] Would you mind putting on some agreeable music for dinner? 你介意晚饭时放一些令人愉快的音乐吗?the agreeable melancholy resulting from a sense of the transitoriness of natural beauty 因为感慨自然之美稍纵即逝而产生的令人愉悦的忧伤
[近] congenial, delectable, delicious, delightful, dulcet, enjoyable, felicitous, gratifying, heavenly, palatable, pleasing, satisfying, savory
[反] abhorrent, abominable, disagreeable, disgusting, loathsome, nauseating, repellent, repugnant, repulsive, revolting 令人厌恶的
【考法2】adj. 随和的:having an easygoing and pleasing manner especially in social situations
[例] I have an agreeable art teacher who lets me do pretty much whatever I want. 我的艺术老师性格随和,允许我去做我想做的事情。
[近] affable, genial, good-natured, good-tempered, gracious, mellow, nice, pleasant, sweet, well-disposed
[反] choleric, dyspeptic, fussy, grouchy, irascible, irritable, peevish, touchy 脾气不好的,易怒的
【考法3】adj. 相一致的:being in harmony
[例] These new security measures are not agreeable with our core concepts of personal freedom. 这些新的安保措施和我们所信仰的个人自由的核心理念彼此抵触。
[近] amicable, compatible, congenial, consistent, consonant, frictionless, kindred, unanimous, united
[反] disagreeable, discordant, disunited, incompatible, inharmonious 不一致的
symbol: [ə'gri:əbl]
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position: (28, 2)

正面: alloy
definition: 【考法1】['ælɔɪ] n. 合金;混合物:a distinct entity formed by the combining of two or more different things
[例] Brass is an alloy, consisting of copper and zinc. 黄铜是一种由铜和锌组成的合金。‖Television news has always been an alloy of journalism and show business. 电视新闻一直以来都是新闻界和演艺圈的混合体。
[近] admixture, amalgam, cocktail, composite, compound, fusion, intermixture, mix, mixture, synthesis
[反] element(构成整体的)单个元素
【考法2】[ə'lɔɪ] vt. 掺杂,降低…的纯度:to debase by the addition of an inferior element
[例] idealism that was alloyed with political skill 因为掺入了政治技巧而被削弱的理想主义
[近] adulterate, contaminate, dilute, extend, lace, pollute, sophisticate, thin
[反] purify 纯化
[派] unalloyed adj. 纯粹的,未掺杂的
symbol: None
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position: (28, 2)

正面: ambivalent
definition: 【考法】adj.(尤指感情、态度)矛盾的:having a mixture of opposing feelings
[例] He maintained an ambivalent attitude to religion throughout his life. 他一生都对宗教抱有矛盾的心理。
[近] conflicting, contradictory, mixed
[反] certain, decided, definite, positive, resolute, sure, unquestioning 明确的,毫无疑问的
[派] ambivalence n. 矛盾心理
symbol: [æm'bɪvələnt]
zhuji: 【记】ambi两方面，val强大，力量，ent形容词后缀－两方面都有力量－有矛盾看法的ambi读：我必，lent借：我必借？借还是不借？－矛盾看法
zhuji3000: 【根】 ambi- [both] + val [strong] + -ent [a.], 认为两种对立的观点都很有道理 → a. (尤指感情、态度) 矛盾的
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position: (28, 3)

正面: anachronistic
definition: 【考法】adj. 时代错误的:chronologically misplaced
[例] Despite the occasional anachronistic word or concept, he has a good feel for the period. 尽管有时会犯一些语言和概念上的时代性错误,但他对于那个时代的整体把握还是不错的。
[近] anachronic, anachronous
[反] accurate 准确的
symbol: [əˌnækrə'nɪstɪk]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ana- [wrong] + chron [time] + -ist + -ic [a.], of wrong time → a. 时代错误的
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position: (28, 3)

正面: analogous
definition: 【考法】adj. 相似的,可比较的:having qualities in common
[例] Bad-mouthing your sister is analogous to slapping her in the face - it's just as bad. 说你姐姐的坏话和当面扇她耳光是类似的——它们都是不好的行为。
[近] akin, cognate, comparable, connate, corresponding, matching, parallel, resembling, similar, suchlike
[反] different, disparate, dissimilar, diverse, unlike 不同的,不相似的
symbol: [ə'næləgəs]
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position: (28, 3)

正面: annex
definition: 【考法1】vt. 添加,合并:to join(something)to a mass, quantity, or number so as to bring about an overall increase
[例] plan to annex the supply room so as to make the classroom bigger 计划将工具房并入教室,从而扩充其容量
[近] adjoin, affix, append, attach, subjoin, tack
[反] abate, deduct, remove, subtract 削减
【考法2】vt. 吞并,夺取(土地等):to incorporate(a country or other territory)within the domain of a state
[例] Rome annexed the Nabatean kingdom in 106 AD. 公元前106年罗马帝国吞并了古城那巴顿。
[近] acquire, appropriate, arrogate, expropriate, seize, take over
[反] lose 失去
symbol: [ə'neks]
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position: (28, 3)

正面: annotate
definition: 【考法】vt. 给…作注解:to furnish(a literary work)with critical commentary or explanatory notes
[例] The advent of e-books enables user to freely annotate what they are reading without worrying about being fined by libraries. 电子书的出现使得用户可以在不用担心被图书馆处以罚金的情况下自由地在读物上作注。
[近] commentate, footnote, gloss
[派] annotation n. 注解,注释
symbol: ['ænəteɪt]
zhuji: 【记】nota＝note笔记、注解
zhuji3000: 【根】 an- [ad-, to] + not [note, 注解] + -ate [v.], to (make) notes → v. 给…作注解
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position: (28, 3)

正面: antedate
definition: 【考法】vt. 比…早,早于:to be of an earlier date than
[例] The church antedates the village itself. 这座教堂甚至在村庄之前就存在了。‖Dinosaurs antedate cavemen by millions of years. 恐龙比穴居人要早几百万年出现。
[近] antecede, forego, predate, preexist
[反] follow, postdate, succeed 晚于
symbol: [ˌænti'deɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ante前，date日期－先于"
zhuji3000: 【联】 ante- [before] + date [日期], date before... → v.比…早,早于
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position: (28, 3)

正面: antipathy
definition: 【考法1】n. 厌恶,反感:settled aversion or dislike
[例] I feel no antipathy towards any of my opponents in the tournament. 我对锦标赛中碰到的任何对手都不存在反感。
[近] animosity, animus, antagonism, bitterness, enmity, gall, grudge, hostility, jaundice, rancor
[反] amity 友好,和睦;liking, partiality, predilection, prepossession 偏爱,喜爱
【考法2】n. 令人反感的事物:an object of aversion
[例] Cruelty to animals is one of my most deeply felt antipathies. 虐待动物是最让我反感的行为之一。
[近] abhorrence, abomination, anathema, aversion, detestation, execration
[反] beloved, darling, dear, love 令人喜爱的人或事物
symbol: [æn'tɪpəθi]
zhuji: 【记】anti反，pathy感情－反感
zhuji3000: 【根】 anti- [against] + path [feeling] + -y [n.], feeling against → n. 厌恶,反感;令人反感的事物
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position: (28, 3)

正面: antiquated
definition: 【考法】adj. 古老的,过时的:outmoded or discredited by reason of age: being out of style or fashion
[例] We saw an antiquated hand-cranked rope-making machine at the textiles museum. 我们在纺织博物馆里看到了一台手摇式古董制绳机。‖antiquated methods of farming 过时的耕种技术
[近] antique, archaic, dated, fossilized, moribund, moth-eaten, obsolete, outdated, outmoded, outworn, prehistoric, rusty
[反] contemporary, current, modern, recent 当前的,现代的
symbol: ['æntɪkweɪtɪd]
zhuji: 【记】源于antique（n 古董）。参：antiquity（n 古老，高龄）"
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position: (28, 3)

正面: antithetical
definition: 【考法】adj. 完全对立的,相反的:being in direct and unequivocal opposition
[例] Spiritual ideals seem antithetical to the materialism embraced by modern society. 精神上的理想境界往往同当代社会所推崇的唯物主义相抵触。
[近] antipodal, antipodean, contradictory, contrary, diametric, opposite, polar
[反] equivalent, identical, same 完全一致的,相等的
[派] antithesis n. 对立,相反
symbol: [ˌæntɪ'θetɪkl]
zhuji3000: 【根】 anti- [againt] + thet [put] + -ic + -al [a.], put against → a. 完全对立的,相反的
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position: (28, 3)

正面: apparition
definition: 【考法】n. 鬼魂,幽灵:a ghostly figure
[例] An eccentric claimed to have photographed an apparition in her very own house. 一个行为怪异的人声称在她的住所里拍到了一张幽灵的照片。
[近] ghost, phantasm, phantom, shade, shadow, specter, spirit, spook, sprite, vision, visitant, wraith
[反] entity, substance 实体
symbol: [ˌæpə'rɪ∫n]
zhuji: 【记】1）appar（出现）+ition－出现的幽灵2）appar读：我怕，it，他－因为他是幽灵
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position: (28, 3)

正面: applicable
definition: 【考法1】adj. 可用的,可行的:capable of being put to use or account
[例] Is that Act applicable in this case where suspect is a foreigner? 那条法规适用于这个案件么,案件中的嫌犯不是本国公民?
[近] actionable, applicative, applied, functional, practicable, serviceable, useful, workable
[反] impractical, inapplicable, unusable, unworkable, useless 不可用的,不可行的
【考法2】adj. 相关的,有关的:having to do with the matter at hand
[例] He rarely makes comment that is applicable to our discussion. 他的评论很少和我们讨论的题目搭边。
[近] apposite, apropos, germane, material, pointed, relative, relevant
[反] extraneous, immaterial, impertinent, inapposite, irrelevant, pointless 无关的
【考法3】adj. 合适的,恰当的:meeting the requirements of a purpose or situation
[例] He has been busy in selecting the most applicable word for his PhD thesis. 他一直忙于为自己的博士论文选择最为恰当的词汇。
[近] appropriate, apt, becoming, befitting, felicitous, fitting, meet, pretty, proper, right, suitable
[反] improper, inappropriate, inapt, incongruous, malapropos, misbecoming, unbecoming, unfitting, unmeet, unseemly, unsuitable, wrong 不恰当的
symbol: ['æplɪkəbl]
zhuji: 【记】apply（vt 申请，应用）；applicability（n 适用性）"
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position: (28, 4)

正面: apprehensive
definition: 【考法1】adj. 知晓的,理解的:having specified facts or feelings actively impressed on the mind
[例] I am fully apprehensive of the opinions, I assure you. 我向你保证这些观点我都理解了。
[近] alive, aware, cognizant, mindful, sensible, sentient, ware, witting
[反] ignorant, insensible, oblivious, unaware, unconscious, unmindful, unwitting 不知晓的,无知觉的
【考法2】adj. 恐惧的,害怕的:anxious or fearful about the future
[例] People apparently haven't recovered from the devastating terrorist attack and are still terribly apprehensive about the future. 人们显然没有从那场严重的恐怖袭击中恢复过来,对于未来仍然充满了恐惧。
[近] afraid, aghast, fearful, frightened, horrified, hysterical, scared, shocked, terrified
[反] dauntless, fearless, intrepid, unafraid 无所畏惧的;confident 充满自信的
[派] apprehension n. 理解;忧虑,恐惧
symbol: [ˌæprɪ'hensɪv]
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position: (28, 4)

正面: arable
definition: 【考法】adj. 适合耕种的:fit for or used for the growing of crops
[例] explore the west for arable land 向西探索适合耕种的土地
[近] cultivable, tillable
[反] barren, sterile, infertile, unfruitful, unproductive 贫瘠的
symbol: ['ærəbl]
zhuji: 【记】arab阿拉伯，le拼：乐。阿拉伯人乐了。因为见到了沙漠中的绿洲。所谓绿洲就是可耕的、适合种植的地方。"
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (28, 4)

正面: arbitrary
definition: 【考法1】adj. 专横的,独断专行的:having or showing a tendency to force one's will on others without any regard to fairness or necessity
[例] an arbitrary piano teacher who makes all her students do the same exercises over and over again 一个让学生反复练习相同曲子的专横的老师
[近] dictatorial, imperious, peremptory, willful
【考法2】adj. 独裁的,拥有无限权力的:exercising power or authority without interference by others
[例] a nation with no tradition of democracy, only a long history of arbitrary rulers 一个从来没有民主传统,只有长期的独裁统治的国家
[近] autocratic, czarist, despotic, monocratic, tyrannic, tyrannous
[反] limited(权力)受限的;democratic 民主的;republican 共和国的
【考法3】adj. 缺乏计划的,随意的:lacking a definite plan, purpose, or pattern
[例] The order of the names of the 10 semifinalists is entirely arbitrary. 半决赛上十名上场选手的顺序完全是随机的。
[近] aimless, desultory, erratic, haphazard, scattered, slapdash, stray, willy-nilly
[反] methodical, orderly, organized, regular, systematic, systematized 有序的,有组织的
symbol: ['ɑ:rbətreri]
zhuji: 【记】arbitr判断－自己作判断－武断的"
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position: (28, 4)

正面: arcane
definition: 【考法1】adj.(语言)晦涩的,隐晦的:having an often intentionally veiled or uncertain meaning
[例] The rebate form uses arcane language, the only purpose of which seems to be to disqualify buyers from actually getting a rebate. 折扣单上的条文晦涩难懂,这样做的唯一目的也许就是让消费者不能真正地享受到折扣。
[近] ambiguous, dark, elliptical, equivocal, murky, mysterious, mystic, nebulous, occult, opaque
[反] accessible, clear, obvious, plain, unambiguous, unequivocal 清晰明了的,明确的
【考法2】adj. 深奥的,难以理解的:difficult for one of ordinary knowledge or intelligence to understand
[例] Grammatical rules seem extremely arcane to generations of students who were never taught grammar in the first place. 对那些从未学习过语法的几代学生来说,语法规则犹如天书。
[近] abstruse, cryptic, deep, enigmatic, esoteric, hermetic, impenetrable, inscrutable, recondite, uncanny
[反] easy, facile, shallow, simple, superficial 浅显易懂的
symbol: [ɑ:r'keɪn]
zhuji: 【记】1）arcan秘密－神秘的。参：arcanum（n 秘密，万灵药）2）arca拱。一般来说，拱形的人都是神秘的，带着斗笠，低着头，弯着腰，不让别人看见自己的脸。
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position: (28, 4)

正面: argument
definition: 【考法1】n. 争吵,争论:an often noisy or angry expression of differing opinions
[例] The couple's arguments were often loud enough to be heard all over the neighborhood. 这对夫妻吵架的声音往往大到能被所有邻居听见。
[近] altercation, controversy, disagreement, dispute, hassle, imbroglio, quarrel, squabble, tiff, wrangle
【考法2】n.(逻辑上的)论证:a coherent series of statements leading from a premise to a conclusion
[例] In his argument the author committed several logical fallacies which undermined its soundness. 在该作者的论述中出现了若干逻辑谬误,从而降低了它的论证力度。
[近] account, accounting, argumentation, case, explanation, rationale, reasoning
【考法3】n. 观点,论点:an idea or opinion that is put forth in a discussion or debate
[例] It is and will always be my argument that we have too many problems here on earth to concern ourselves with manned trips to Mars. 我现在和以后的观点都将会是:在我们解决地球上的问题之前,不应该花太多的心思考虑载人火星计划的事情。
[近] assertion, point, position, stand, thesis
symbol: ['ɑ:rgjumənt]
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position: (28, 4)

正面: arid
definition: 【考法1】adj. 干燥的:marked by little or no precipitation or humidity
[例] arid wastelands unfit for human habitation 不适合人类居住的干燥荒原
[近] droughty, dry, sere, thirsty, waterless
[反] damp, dank, humid, moist, wet 湿润的,潮湿的
【考法2】adj. 无趣的,无聊的:causing weariness, restlessness, or lack of interest
[例] a technically perfect but arid musical performance 技术纯熟但音乐毫无感染力的表演
[近] dreary, dull, flat, humdrum, jading, jejune, monochromatic, monotonous, pedestrian, stale, stodgy, tedious, wearisome
[反] absorbing, engaging, engrossing, gripping, interesting, intriguing, involving, riveting 有趣的,吸引人的
symbol: ['ærɪd]
zhuji: 【记】a一个，ri拼：日，d读：的。一个日的。什么都没有，只有一个太阳的地方－沙漠－干旱的，枯燥的
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position: (28, 4)

正面: array
definition: 【考法1】n. 排列,阵列:a regular and imposing grouping or arrangement
[例] a marching band's carefully choreographed array 前进中的乐队所摆出的经过精心编排的队列阵形
[近] arrangement, disposal, disposition, distribution, ordering, sequence, setup
[反] disorder, disorganization 混乱,无序
【考法2】vt. 排列,摆放:to arrange or display in or as if in an array
[例] data arrayed in descending order 按照降序排列的数据‖He arrayed his baseball cards in order of their rarity and consequent monetary value. 他把他的棒球卡按照稀有程度以及随之附有的价值排列。
[近] arrange, classify, codify, dispose, marshal, organize, range, systematize, draw up, lay out
[反] derange, disarrange, disarray, disorder, mess, rumple, upset 弄乱,打乱
【考法3】vt. 装饰,装修:to dress or decorate especially in splendid or impressive attire
[例] He had already arrayed himself in his best clothes. 他已经穿上了他最好的服装。‖a door arrayed for the holidays with a beautiful evergreen wreath 在节日里被美丽的常青花环妆点的大门
[近] adorn, beautify, bedeck, bedizen, blazon, embellish, emblaze, emboss, enrich, garnish, ornament, trim
[反] blemish, deface, disfigure, mar, scar, spoil 破坏,损毁
symbol: [ə'reɪ]
zhuji: 【记】ray（n 光线）：象整齐的一排。
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position: (28, 4)

正面: assail
definition: 【考法1】vt. 抨击,严厉批评:to criticize harshly and usually publicly
[例] The union organizers assailed the chemical company for failing to provide a safe working environment. 工会主席严厉批评这家化工企业不能为员工提供安全的生产环境。
[近] abuse, bash, belabor, blast, castigate, excoriate, lambaste, savage, scathe, slam, trash, vituperate
[反] acclaim, commend, compliment, hail, laud, praise 表扬,称赞
【考法2】vt. 攻击,猛攻:to take sudden, violent action against
[例] He was assailed by a young man with a knife. 他被一个持刀的年轻人袭击。
[近] assault, attack, beset, charge, raid, rush, storm, strike, set on
[反] defend, guard, protect, shield 防御,守卫
[派] assailable adj. 易受攻击的
symbol: [ə'seɪl]
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position: (28, 4)

正面: asymmetry
definition: 【考法】n. 不对称,不平衡:lack of balance or symmetry
[例] functional asymmetry of cerebral hemispheres 大脑两半球功能的不对称性
[近] disproportion, imbalance
[反] symmetry 对称;balance, proportion 平衡
[派] asymmetric adj. 不对称的
symbol: [ˌeɪ'sɪmətri]
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position: (28, 4)

正面: atrophy
definition: 【考法】vi. 萎缩,衰退:to waste away; wither or deteriorate
[例] The years following the closing of the last textile mill, the town atrophied. 随着最后一家纺织厂的倒闭,整个城镇开始衰退。
[近] crumble, decay, decline, degenerate, descend, devolve, ebb, regress, retrograde, rot, sink, worsen
[反] ameliorate, improve, meliorate 改善,提升
symbol: ['ætrəfi]
zhuji: 【记】at在，ro拼：肉，phy读：飞－孟庭韦唱的好：“我的肉在飞，飞过那……”，所以她很瘦－肌肉萎缩
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position: (28, 5)

正面: attest
definition: 【考法】vt. 证实,为…作证:to give evidence or testimony to the truth or factualness of
[例] Her fine work attests her ability. 她的优秀作品能够证明她的能力。‖I can attest that she was at the party. 我可以证明她当时在聚会上。
[近] argue, authenticate, certify, corroborate, substantiate, support, testify, validate, verify, vindicate
[反] contradict, disprove, gainsay, rebut, refute [反]驳,否定
symbol: [ə'test]
zhuji: 【记】at一再，test作证明－证明，证实"
zhuji3000: 【根】 at- [ad-, to] + test [witness], witness → vt. 证实,为…作证
[注] 词根test表示witness [证明,证实] (联想:通过“试验 [test]”去“证明 [witness]”;实际上,单词版的test有着不同的来源) 。detest [v. 厌恶,憎恨],protest [v. 抗议;断言] (“冲到前面 [pro-] 证明 [test] 自己的想法是对的”) 都与attest 在含义的大方向上相反。
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position: (28, 5)

正面: attune
definition: 【考法】vt. 使协调,使和谐:to bring into harmony
[例] After years spent in academia, he found it difficult to attune himself to the corporate culture. 在学术圈摸爬滚打多年之后,他发现自己很难融入企业文化之中。
[近] accommodate, conciliate, conform, coordinate, key, reconcile
[反] disharmonize 使不和谐;disarray, disorder, disorganize, disrupt 弄乱,打乱
[派] attunement n. 调音;协调
symbol: [ə'tu:n]
zhuji: 【记】at一再，tune音调－调音"
zhuji3000: 【根】 at- [ad-, to] + tune, to a [=same] tune → vt. 使协调,使和谐
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position: (28, 5)

正面: august
definition: 【考法1】adj. 威严的,庄重的:having or showing a formal and serious or reserved manner
[例] Unsurprisingly, the head of the bank is an august white-haired gentleman. 不出所料,银行的总裁是一名白发苍苍的、令人顿生敬意的绅士。
[近] distinguished, imposing, portly, solemn, staid, stately
[反] flighty, frivolous, giddy, goofy, silly, undignified 轻浮的,不庄重的
【考法2】adj. 盛大的,令人印象深刻的:large and impressive in size, grandeur, extent, or conception
[例] an august golden anniversary celebration for the company 该公司盛大的周年庆祝会
[近] baronial, epic, grandiose, imperial, magnificent, majestic, massive, monumental, noble, regal, splendid
[反] common, humble, mediocre, ordinary, unimposing, unimpressive 普通的,一般的
symbol: [ɔ:'gʌst]
zhuji: 【记】august（n 八月）（八月是太阳最高、最威严的时候） "
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position: (28, 5)

正面: auspicious
definition: 【考法】adj. 好兆头的:pointing toward a happy outcome
[例] They began the season with an auspicious win against their strongest football rival. 他们在赛季之初就战胜了最强的对手,为整个赛季赢得了好兆头。
[近] bright, encouraging, golden, heartening, hopeful, promising, propitious
[反] baleful, dark, direful, doomy, foreboding, gloomy, menacing, minatory, ominous, portentous, sinister, threatening 不祥的,凶兆的
symbol: [ɔ:'spɪ∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】au读：诶哟，spic看－诶哟，快看－一定是好事－吉兆的au诶有，spi＝spider蜘蛛，cious：诶有，蜘蛛，有八只脚，象征着发财－幸运的
zhuji3000: 【联】 au [AU, 金] + spic [spect, look] + - (i) ous [a.], 看到黄金的 → a. 好兆头的
【源】 这里的au相当于词根av,含义为bird (参考aviation [飞行术]) ,古人认为看到飞鸟预示吉祥。
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position: (28, 5)

正面: austere
definition: 【考法1】adj. 朴素的,朴实无华的:markedly simple or unadorned
[例] For the private office of the CEO of the large corporation, the room is unexpectedly austere. 出人意料的是,这家大公司总裁的私人办公室居然十分朴素。
[近] plain, spartan, stark, unadorned
[反] deluxe, lavish, luxurious, plush, sumptuous 奢华的;elaborate, fancy 花哨的
[派] austerity n. 节俭,朴素
【考法2】adj. 严肃的,令人生畏的:stern and cold in appearance or manner
[例] an austere fortress at the top of some formidable cliffs 建立在悬崖峭壁之上的一座令人畏惧的堡垒‖In his memory his deceased grandfather is an austere, distant, cold person. 在他的记忆之中,已过世的祖父是一个严肃、冷漠而难以接近的人。
[近] dour, fierce, flinty, forbidding, formidable, gruff, intimidating, lowering, rough, rugged, severe, steely
[反] benign, benignant, gentle, mild, tender 和蔼的,温柔的
symbol: [ɔ:'stɪr]
zhuji: 【记】au读：诶哟，stere冷－诶哟，好一个冷美人－朴素的
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position: (28, 5)

正面: automatic
definition: 【考法1】adj.(机器等)自动的:acting or operating in a manner essentially independent of external influence or control
[例] Will your next car be a manual or an automatic? 你下辆车是手动挡还是自动挡?‖Modern subways are equipped with automatic screen doors. 现代地铁都装备了自动屏蔽门。
[近] automated, robotic, self-acting, self-operating, self-regulating
[反] manual 手动的
【考法2】adj. 自发的,情不自禁的:acting or done spontaneously or unconsciously
[例] Carl's automatic use of the brakes narrowly averted a collision. 卡尔不经意间踩了刹车勉强避免了一场车祸。
[近] impulsive, instinctive, involuntary, mechanic, mechanical, natural, spontaneous
[反] calculated, deliberate, intentional, planned, predetermined, premeditated, studied 有计划的,蓄意的
[派] automatically adv. 自动地
symbol: [ˌɔ:tə'mætɪk]
zhuji3000: 【联】 auto- [self] + mat [mot, move] + -ic [a.], move by oneself → a. (机器等) 自动的;自发的,情不自禁的
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position: (28, 5)

正面: avowal
definition: 【考法】n. 承认,公开宣布:a solemn and often public declaration of the truth or existence of something
[例] With jingoism rampant, the peace candidate felt compelled to make an avowal of his patriotism. 在沙文主义肆虐的情况下,这位爱好和平的候选人被迫公开承认自己是个爱国主义者。
[近] affirmation, assertion, asseveration, avouchment, claim, declaration, insistence, profession
[反] disavowal 否认,否定
symbol: [ə'vaʊəl]
zhuji3000: 【根】 a- [to] + vow [vow,郑重宣告] + -al [n.], to vow → n. 公开宣布,承认
[注] avow [承认,公开宣称] 是avowal的动词形式。
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position: (28, 5)

正面: backfire
definition: 【考法】vi. 产生相反的结果,事与愿违:to have the reverse of the desired or expected effect
[例] My plan to throw her a surprise party backfired when she ended up sobbing that everyone had forgotten her birthday. 我本想为她的生日开一个聚会作为惊喜,但没想到事与愿违,她啜泣着说所有人都忘记了她的生日。
[近] boomerang
[反] succeed 成功
symbol: [ˌbæk'faɪər]
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position: (28, 5)

正面: backslide
definition: 【考法】vi.(情况等)倒退,变坏:to revert to a worse condition
[例] Keep these things in mind to help prevent you from backsliding. 牢记这些东西,它们能防止你旧病复发。
[近] degenerate, lapse, recidivate, relapse, retrograde, retrogress
[反] advance, progress 进步,前进
symbol: ['bækslaɪd]
zhuji: 【记】back向后，slide滑－向后滑－故态复萌"
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position: (28, 5)

正面: baffle
definition: 【考法1】vt. 挫败,阻挠:to frustrate or check(a person)as by confusing or perplexing
[例] baffled by the language barrier 因语言障碍而受阻
[近] balk, beat, check, discomfit, foil, frustrate, thwart
[反] advance, cultivate, encourage, forward, foster, further, nurture, promote 促进,鼓舞
【考法2】vt. 使疑惑:to throw into a state of mental uncertainty
[例] I was baffled by many of the scientific terms used in the article. 这篇文章中的各种学术词汇让我很困惑。
[近] befog, befuddle, bewilder, confound, discombobulate, disorient, maze, mystify, perplex, puzzle, vex
[反] clarify, elucidate 澄清,阐明
[派] baffling adj. 令人困惑的
symbol: ['bæfl]
zhuji: 【记】ba爸，ff两个一样的夫人，le乐。如果你爸的旁边突然出现两个一模一样的夫人在冲着他乐。你是不是会很迷惑，会被这种情况难倒。因为你不知道那个才是你妈，那个才是…。"
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position: (28, 6)

正面: baffling
definition: 【考法】adj. 令人疑惑的,难以理解的:making great mental demands; hard to comprehend or solve
[例] I was constantly ill, with a baffling array of symptoms. 我常常生病,伴随着一系列令人困惑的症状。
[近] befuddling, bewildering, confounding, confusing, enigmatic, puzzling, perplexing
[反] apparent, distinct, evident, lucid, manifest, obvious, patent, pellucid, perspicuous, plain, transparent 明确的,明显的
symbol: ['bæflɪŋ]
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position: (28, 6)

正面: bash
definition: 【考法1】n. 猛击:a forceful blow
[例] He has not been the same ever since he received that bash on his head. 自从他脑袋被别人打了之后,他就变得大不一样。
[近] bang, bat, beat, crack, hit, knock, lash, poke, pound, punch, slam, slap, smash, spank, stroke, swat
【考法2】vt. 攻击,用力击打:to strike violently and often repeatedly
[例] The angry child kept bashing her toy with a hammer until it broke. 愤怒的小孩用锤子不断地敲击她的玩具,直到它彻底被破坏。
[近] baste, batter, buffet, hammer, lace, maul, nail, smash, strike
【考法3】vt. 抨击,严厉批评:to criticize harshly and usually publicly
[例] In all of talk radio no other host seems to enjoy bashing liberals as much as he does. 在所有电台节目中再没有像他一样热衷于抨击自由主义者的主持人了。
[近] abuse, assail, belabor, blast, castigate, excoriate, lambaste, savage, scathe, slam, trash, vituperate
[反] acclaim, commend, compliment, hail, laud, praise 表扬,称赞
symbol: [bæ∫]
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position: (28, 6)

正面: bask
definition: 【考法】vi. 休息,悠然自得:to lie or relax in a pleasant warmth or atmosphere
[例] We blissfully basked at the seashore over the long holiday. 我们在海滩上躺着晒太阳,享受着漫长的假期。
[近] loll, lounge, relax, repose
[反] drudge, grind, hustle, labor, moil, plod, slave, sweat, toil, travail, work(辛苦地)干活,工作
symbol: [bæsk]
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position: (28, 6)

正面: beholden
definition: 【考法】adj. 欠他人人情的:owing something, such as gratitude, to another
[例] Not wanting to be beholden to anyone, he insisted on paying his own way. 因为不想欠别人的人情,所以他坚持出自己的那一份钱。
[近] indebted, obligated, obliged
symbol: [bɪ'hoʊldən]
zhuji: 【记】be表被动，holden是hold的过去分词。被拿住（把柄）。你就要感激他，送点儿礼，否则，他就说出去了。"
zhuji3000: 【根】 be- [by] + hold + -en [a.], be held by others → a.欠他人人情的
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position: (28, 6)

正面: behoove
definition: 【考法】vt. 对…有利:to be necessary, proper or advantageous for
[例] It behooves you at least to try. 你至少也应该尝试一下。
[近] befit, beseem, fit, serve, suite
symbol: [bɪ'hu:v]
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position: (28, 6)

正面: beige
definition: 【考法】adj. 缺乏特征的:lacking distinction
[例] Some food critics have dismissed that chef's version of French cuisine as beige and boring. 一些美食评论家认为那名厨师所做的法国菜平凡无奇,令人厌倦。
[近] characterless, faceless, featureless, indistinctive, neutral, noncommital, vanilla
[反] diagnostic, discriminating, distinct, distinctive, distinguishing, identifying, peculiar, typical 有特征的
symbol: [beɪʒ]
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position: (28, 6)

正面: belligerence
definition: 【考法】n. 好斗,好战:an aggressive or truculent attitude, atmosphere, or disposition
[例] Among the Native American tribes of the colonial period, the Iroquois were known for their belligerence. 在殖民时期的美洲土著部落中,易洛魁人因为他们的好战而著名。
[近] aggressiveness, assaultiveness, bellicosity, combativeness, contentiousness, disputatiousness, feistiness, militance, pugnacity, quarrelsomeness, scrappiness, truculence
[反] pacifism 爱好和平
symbol: [bə'lɪʤərəns]
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position: (28, 6)

正面: belligerent
definition: 【考法】adj. 好斗的,好战的:inclined to or exhibiting assertiveness, hostility, or combativeness
[例] The coach became quite belligerent and spit at an umpire after being thrown out of the game. 教练变得好斗起来,以至于在被罚出场外之后转身向裁判吐口水。
[近] aggressive, agonistic, assaultive, bellicose, combative, contentious, disputatious, feisty, gladiatorial, militant, pugnacious, quarrelsome, truculent, warlike
[反] dove, pacific, peaceful 爱好和平的
[派] belligerence n. 好战,好斗
symbol: [bə'lɪʤərənt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 bell [war] + i + ger [carry, bring, 联想成fer, 或联想成gen, generate] + -ent [a.], 带来战争的 → a.好斗的,好战的
[注] 词根bell表示war [战争],例如rebel [v. 反叛] (名词形式rebellion [叛乱]),指“make war [bel] against [re-]”。
【派】 belligerence [n. 好斗, 好战]
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position: (28, 6)

正面: beset
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使苦恼,骚扰:to cause persistent suffering to
[例] He has been beset by a lack of self-confidence virtually his entire life. 事实上他的一生都被缺乏自信所困扰。
[近] agonize, anguish, bedevil, besiege, curse, excruciate, harrow, persecute, plague, rack, torment, torture
[反] comfort, console, solace, soothe 安抚,安慰
【考法2】vt. 攻击,袭击:to set upon
[例] The settlers were beset by savages. 这些移民遭到了野蛮人的袭击。‖The unsuspecting tourists were suddenly beset by robbers. 丝毫没有准备的游客遭到了歹徒的突然袭击。
[近] assail, assault, attack, charge, raid, rush, storm, strike, set on
[反] defend, guard, protect, shield 防御,守卫
symbol: [bɪ'set]
zhuji: 【记】be被动，set放置－被放在中间－被人围攻。"
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position: (28, 6)

正面: bewitching
definition: 【考法】adj. 迷人的,令人着迷的:having an often mysterious or magical power to attract
[例] a bewitching woman who has never lacked for suitors 一个从不缺乏追求者的迷人女子
[近] alluring, appealing, attractive, captivating, charismatic, enchanting, engaging, entrancing, glamorous, luring, magnetic, seductive
[反] repellent, repelling, repugnant, repulsive, revolting 令人[反]感的
symbol: [bɪ'wɪt∫ɪŋ]
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position: (28, 7)

正面: blackmail
definition: 【考法】n./vt. 敲诈,勒索:extortion of money or something else of value from a person by the threat of exposing a criminal act or discreditable information
[例] It looks like these pornographic pictures were being used for blackmail. 看起来有人用这些不雅照进行敲诈勒索。
[近] extortion
symbol: ['blækmeɪl]
zhuji: 【记】black黑，mail信－寄黑信－敲诈"
zhuji3000: 【根】 black [黑] + mail [信件], “黑色的,来自黑道的信件” → v. 敲诈,勒索
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position: (28, 7)

正面: bluff
definition: 【考法1】adj. 直率的,(说话)直截了当的:being or characterized by direct, brief, and potentially rude speech or manner
[例] Frankly speaking, he is a bluff but good-hearted teacher. 老实说,这个老师说话很直接,但是心地善良。
[近] abrupt, brusque, crusty, curt, downright, forthright, snippy, straightforward, unceremonious
[反] circuitous, mealy-mouthed(说话)拐弯抹角的
【考法2】vt. 欺骗:to cause to believe what is untrue; deceive
[例] I successfully bluffed the interviewer into believing that I could really speak French and thus would be the perfect person to serve in the newspaper's Paris bureau. 我成功地欺骗了面试官,让他相信我会法语,从而成为报社在巴黎办事处的不二人选。
[近] bamboozle, beguile, cozen, deceive, delude, dupe, fool, hoax, misguide, misinform, mislead, trick
[反] disabuse, disenchant, disillusion 使清醒
symbol: [blʌf]
zhuji: 【记】bluff＝cliff（n 悬崖，峭壁），一般来说，想跳楼的都是虚张声势。尤其是失恋的，他是想用死来挽回感情。"
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position: (28, 7)

正面: bogus
definition: 【考法1】adj. 伪造的,假冒的:being such in appearance only and made or manufactured with the intention of committing fraud
[例] The evidence turned out to be completely bogus and the suspect may be innocent. 由于证据被发现是彻底伪造的,嫌犯很有可能是无辜的。
[近] counterfeit, fake, false, forged, inauthentic, phony, queer, sham, snide, spurious, unauthentic
[反] authentic, genuine, real, unfaked, bona fide 真实的
【考法2】adj. 虚伪的,做作的:lacking in natural or spontaneous quality
[例] There was often a lot of bogus conviviality at the company's parties. 公司的聚会上往往有着虚伪的欢乐。
[近] affected, assumed, contrived, factitious, feigned, plastic, pretended, pseudo, simulated, unnatural
[反] artless, natural, spontaneous, unaffected, uncontrived, unfeigned, unforced 真诚的,不虚伪的
symbol: ['boʊgəs]
zhuji: 【记】1）bog（v 使陷入沼泽），us我们。假币就会使我国陷入经济的沼泽。2）来自一种叫""Bogus""的机器，用来造伪钞
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position: (28, 7)

正面: bore
definition: 【考法1】n. 令人厌烦的人或事物:one that causes boredom
[例] For once, the graduation speaker wasn't a real bore. 就这一次,毕业演讲者不是那么令人厌倦。
[近] drip, droner, snoozer, yawner
【考法2】vt. 使厌倦,使厌烦:to make weary by being dull, repetitive, or tedious
[例] The professor's lifeless and unimaginative teaching style bored the students to death. 教授毫无生气和想象力的教学方式让学生厌倦至极。
[近] jade, pall, tire, weary
[反] absorb, engage, engross, enthrall, fascinate, grip, interest, intrigue 使充满兴趣,使全神贯注
[派] boring adj. 令人厌烦的;boredom n. 厌烦,乏味
symbol: [bɔ:r]
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position: (28, 7)

正面: brandish
definition: 【考法】vt.(带有威胁性地)挥舞:to shake or wave(as a weapon)menacingly
[例] I could see that the suspect was brandishing a knife and was in no way inclined to surrender. 我可以看到嫌犯在挥舞着一把刀,完全没有要投降的倾向。
[近] shake, swing, wave
[反] drop 放下(武器等)
symbol: ['brændɪ∫]
zhuji: 【记】1）brand商标，挥舞刀剑就是军队的商标。2）读：不愿dish（盘子）。工人罢工得时候会挥舞着刀剑大喊：“我们不愿洗盘子。”"
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position: (28, 7)

正面: brim
definition: 【考法1】n. 边缘,边界:an upper or outer margin
[例] The brim of the teacup was banded with gold. 茶杯的边缘被镀上了金。
[近] borderline, bound, boundary, circumference, confines, edge, frame, fringe, margin, perimeter, periphery, skirt, verge
[反] center, core, heart, kernel 核心
【考法2】vi. 充满:to be or become full often to overflowing
[例] a secondhand bookstore that was brimming with bargains 一个到处都是减价品的二手书店‖eyes brimming with tears 饱含热泪的双眼
[近] bristle, bulge, burst, bustle, buzz, crawl, hum, overflow, pullulate, swarm, teem
[反] lack, need, want 缺少,缺乏
【考法3】vt. 加满,倒满:to put into(something)as much as can be held or contained
[例] He brimmed the glass with milk, and now I'm afraid that I will spill it. 他向杯子里倒了太多牛奶,我现在担心会不会洒出来。
[近] charge, cram, heap, jam, load, pack, stuff
[反] clear, empty, evacuate, vacate, void 清空
symbol: [brɪm]
zhuji: 【记】rim（n 边，框），你到了悬崖边上，我会说‘b’不grim（adj 严厉的，坚定的），g鬼在边上rim－严厉的
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position: (28, 7)

正面: bumble
definition: 【考法1】vi. 含糊不清地说,杂乱无章地说:to speak rapidly, inarticulately, and usually unintelligibly
[例] Overcome with stage fright, I could only bumble through the speech. 由于怯场,我结结巴巴地说完了演讲稿。
[近] babble, drivel, drool, gabble, gibber, jabber, prattle, sputter
[反] articulate, enunciate, pronounce 清楚地说
【考法2】vi. 笨拙地行动:to move, act, or proceed clumsily
[例] I sort of bumbled through the dance number, hoping that it would soon end. 我笨拙地跟着曲子舞蹈,心里指望着它快点结束。
[近] blunder, flounder, limp, lumber, plod, struggle, stumble, trudge
[反] coast, drift, glide, sail, slide(轻松地)行动,滑动
symbol: ['bʌmbl]
zhuji: 【记】读：8ball。踩在8个球上走－踉跄笨拙地走＝stumble（v 跌倒，结巴）
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position: (28, 7)

正面: bustle
definition: 【考法1】n. 忙乱,喧闹:noisy, energetic, and often obtrusive activity
[例] the hustle and bustle of the big city 熙熙攘攘的大都市‖I couldn't concentrate in all the bustle of the student lounge. 学生休息室里过于嘈杂,我无法专心。
[近] bluster, coil, disturbance, furor, hurricane, pandemonium, stir, storm, tumult, turmoil, uproar, welter, whirl
[反] calm, hush, peace, quiet, rest, stillness, tranquillity 宁静,祥和;order 秩序
【考法2】vi.(快速地)行走,奔忙:to move briskly and often ostentatiously
[例] The hostess bustled about, taking care of last-minute preparations for the party. 女主人四处走着,为聚会做最后的准备。
[近] blast, bolt, careen, career, dash, fly, hustle, rush, rustle, speed, whirl
[反] crawl, creep, lag, poke 缓慢行进
symbol: ['bʌsl]
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position: (28, 7)

正面: calamity
definition: 【考法】n. 大灾难:a disastrous event marked by great loss and lasting distress and suffering
[例] This latest breakdown of the car is inconvenient, but not a calamity. 最近的汽车抛锚确实带来了不便,但还不是一场灾难。‖an economic calamity 金融风暴
[近] apocalypse, cataclysm, catastrophe, debacle, disaster, tragedy
[反] benediction, boon, felicity, godsend, manna, windfall 天赐好运,幸事
symbol: [kə'læməti]
zhuji: 【记】calam破坏－大灾祸cal＝call打电话，amity（n 友好，亲善关系）－发生大灾祸才会给家人打电话。联想：911事件
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position: (28, 8)

正面: calculated
definition: 【考法】adj. 经过计算(成败得失)的,经过深思熟虑的:engaged in, undertaken, or displayed after reckoning or estimating the statistical probability of success or failure
[例] He took a calculated risk and got in on the ground floor of the new enterprise. 他深思熟虑一番之后决定冒这个险,踏出了迈向新计划的第一步。
[近] advised, considered, deliberate, knowing, measured, reasoned, studied, thoughtful, weighed
[反] automatic, casual, instinctive, spontaneous, unstudied 随意的,不假思索的
symbol: ['kælkjuleɪtɪd]
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position: (28, 8)

正面: canny
definition: 【考法】adj. 精明的,聪明的:careful and shrewd, especially where one's own interests are concerned
[例] He is a canny card player who is good at psyching out his opponents. 他是一个善于琢磨对手心思的精明的扑克玩家。
[近] astute, clever, hardheaded, heady, knowing, savvy, sharp, shrewd, smart
[反] ignorant, unknowing 无知的;foolish, idiotic, imbecile, moronic, silly, thoughtless, witless 愚笨的
symbol: ['kæni]
zhuji: 【记】读：砍你－砍你的价－精明仔细的；节俭的读：看你！你长得是如此美丽，我怎能不精明仔细的看你呢？"
zhuji3000: 【记】 can + - (n) y [a.], can, be able to, 一个人能够 (知道如何做) → a. 精明的,聪明的
【参】 同源近义词cunning [a. (手工) 灵巧的;狡猾的 n.欺诈,欺骗]
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position: (28, 8)

正面: canonize
definition: 【考法1】vt. 过分宠爱,过分崇拜:to love or admire too much
[例] a singing star so canonized by his fans that they refuse to believe anything bad about him 一个受到粉丝疯狂追捧的歌星,粉丝们不会相信任何关于他的负面新闻
[近] adore, adulate, canonize, dote, worship
[反] abhor, abominate, belittle, despise, detest, disdain, dislike, disparage, hate, loathe 厌恶,鄙视
【考法2】vt. 使崇高,使神圣:to assign a high status or value to
[例] Some movie buffs canonized David Fincher as today's most preeminent director. 一些影迷把戴维·芬彻视作当今世界上最为出色的导演。
[近] aggrandize, deify, dignify, elevate, ennoble, enshrine, ensky, enthrone, glorify, magnify
[反] abase, degrade, demean, humble, humiliate 贬低,瞧不起
symbol: ['kænənaɪz]
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position: (28, 8)

正面: captious
definition: 【考法】adj. 吹毛求疵的,爱挑毛病的:marked by an often ill-natured inclination to stress faults and raise objections
[例] a captious and cranky eater who has never met a vegetable he didn't hate 一个古怪又挑剔的食客,从来就没有他不讨厌的蔬菜
[近] carping, caviling, critical, faultfinding, hypercritical, judgmental, overcritical
[反] appreciative 表示欣赏的
symbol: ['kæp∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】cap拿，ous多一拿很多别人的缺点一吹毛求疵的
zhuji3000: 【根】 capt [seize] + ious [a.], seize (errors), (过分) 抓毛病的 → a. 爱挑毛病的,吹毛求疵的
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position: (28, 8)

正面: careen
definition: 【考法1】vi. 蹒跚而行,不稳地行走:to lurch or swerve while in motion
[例] He careened unsteadily to the couch after hitting his head. 在撞到头以后,他摇摇摆摆地走向沙发。
[近] dodder, lurch, reel, sway, teeter, totter, waddle, wobble
【考法2】vi. 狂奔,快速运动:to rush headlong or carelessly
[例] Sounding its siren, an ambulance careened through the intersection. 救护车响着警笛飞驰过十字路口。
[近] blast, bolt, bustle, career, dash, fly, hustle, rush, rustle, speed, whirl
[反] crawl, creep, lag, poke 缓慢行进
symbol: [kə'ri:n]
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position: (28, 8)

正面: carefree
definition: 【考法】adj. 无忧无虑的:free from care as having no worries or troubles
[例] passengers on a luxury cruise ship enjoying a carefree vacation 在豪华游轮上享受着无忧旅途的乘客carefree college students on spring break 春假期间无忧无虑的大学生
[近] blithe, debonair, gay, insouciant, lighthearted, lightsome, slaphappy, unconcerned
[反] careworn 焦虑的
symbol: ['kerfri:]
zhuji: 【记】carefree是词组free from care的变体
zhuji3000: 【根】 care [关心] + free [自由的], free of care → a. 无忧无虑的
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position: (28, 8)

正面: cellular
definition: 【考法】adj. 多孔的:containing cavities; having a porous texture
[例] the cellular construction of a beehive 蜂巢的多孔结构
[近] porous
symbol: ['seljələr]
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position: (28, 8)

正面: ceremonious
definition: 【考法】adj. 讲究礼节的,庄重的:marked by or showing careful attention to set forms and details
[例] A century ago everyday life was much more ceremonious than in our anything-goes era. 一个世纪之前的生活和我们现在这个随便怎么都无所谓的年代相比,多出了许多要讲究的礼节。
[近] correct, decorous, formal, nice, proper, punctilious, starchy, stiff, stilted
[反] casual, easygoing, informal, unceremonious 随意的,不正式的
symbol: [ˌserə'moʊniəs]
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position: (28, 9)

正面: certitude
definition: 【考法】n. 确信无疑:the state of being or feeling certain
[例] I believes with certitude that he is the best candidate for the job. 我确信他是这项工作的最佳人选。
[近] assurance, assuredness, certainty, confidence, conviction, doubtlessness, positiveness, sureness, surety
[反] doubt, dubiety, incertitude, uncertainty 不确定
symbol: ['sɜ:rtɪtu:d]
zhuji: 【记】celti＝certain（adj 确定的），itude表状态－确定的状态－必然
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position: (28, 9)

正面: channel
definition: 【考法1】n. 水渠:an open man-made passageway for water
[例] Water was drained from the swamp through a specially constructed channel. 这块沼泽通过一条特别修建的水渠源源不断地向外输水。
[近] aqueduct, canal, conduit, course, flume, racecourse, raceway, watercourse, waterway
【考法2】n. 海峡:a narrow body of water between two land masses
[例] the world record for swimming the channel between Alaska and Chukotskiy 游泳横渡阿拉斯加和楚科奇之间的海峡(即白令海峡)的世界纪录
[近] narrows, neck, sound, strait
【考法3】vt. 将…导向,投入:to cause to move to a central point or along a restricted pathway
[例] a youth who channeled all of his energy into sports 一个将所有精力都投入体育之中的少年
[近] canalize, channelize, conduct, direct, funnel, pipe, siphon
symbol: ['t∫ænl]
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position: (28, 9)

正面: chaperone
definition: 【考法】vt. 同行,护送:to go along with in order to provide assistance, protection, or companionship
[例] Three parents will chaperone the students on the school trip. 本次班级旅行将有三名家长同行。
[近] accompany, attend, companion, company, convoy, escort, squire
[反] abandon, desert, ditch, dump, forsake 抛弃,不顾
symbol: ['∫æpəroʊn]
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position: (28, 9)

正面: charisma
definition: 【考法】n. 魅力,吸引力:a special magnetic charm or appeal
[例] a movie star with unique charisma 有着独特魅力的电影明星‖The candidate was lacking in charisma. 这位候选人就是缺乏了点个人魅力。
[近] allure, appeal, attractiveness, captivation, enchantment, fascination, glamor, seductiveness, witchery
[反] repulsion, repulsiveness [反]感,厌恶
[派] charismatic adj. 有魅力的,吸引人的
symbol: [kə'rɪzmə]
zhuji: 【记】cha＝china中国，ris＝rise升起，ma＝mao毛泽东：中国升起毛泽东－因为他有领袖气质
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position: (28, 9)

正面: cherished
definition: 【考法】adj. 受喜爱的,珍爱的:granted special treatment or attention
[例] a cherished heirloom that has been in the family for generations 在这个家族里流传了几代的备受珍爱的传家宝‖He described the picture with his wife as his most cherished possession. 他把这张与妻子的合影看作自己最为珍爱的财富。
[近] beloved, dear, favored, favorite, fond, loved, pet, precious, special, sweet
[反] abhorred, abominated, despised, detested, disdained, disliked, execrated, hated, loathed 被厌恶的
symbol: ['t∫erɪ∫t]
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position: (28, 9)

正面: chivalrous
definition: 【考法】adj. 有骑士风度的,(尤指对女性)彬彬有礼的:marked by gracious courtesy and high-minded consideration(especially to women)
[例] The elderly gentleman still engages in chivalrous behavior, such as opening doors for people. 这位年迈的绅士仍然坚持着有风度的行为,比如帮别人开门。
[近] big, elevated, gallant, great, greathearted, high, high-minded, lofty, lordly, magnanimous, natural, sublime
[反] base, debased, degenerate, degraded, ignoble, ignominious, low 品行低劣的,可鄙的
[派] chivalry n. 骑士风度
symbol: ['∫ɪvlrəs]
zhuji: 【记】chi吃，va袜：吃袜子。一般来说，具有骑士精神的人都会吻女人的脚，表示殷勤，更有甚者，连袜子都吃。
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position: (28, 9)

正面: chorale
definition: 【考法1】n. 赞美诗:a hymn or psalm sung to a traditional or composed melody in church
[例] practice a chorale to perform in church 练习吟唱要在教堂表演的赞美诗
[近] anthem, canticle, carol, hymn, paean, psalm, spiritual
【考法2】n. 合唱班,合唱团:an organized group of singers
[例] a chorale that is regarded as being among the best in the state 一个被认为是国内一流的合唱班
[近] choir, chorus, consort, ensemble
symbol: [kə'rɑ:l]
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position: (28, 9)

正面: clamor
definition: 【考法】n. 喧闹,喧哗,噪声:loud, confused, and usually inharmonious sound
[例] A clamor arose from the crowd as the prisoner was brought forward. 当犯人被带上前时,人群中发出一阵骚动。‖the clamor of a dozen people practicing the trumpet at once 一群人同时练习小号时发出的噪音
[近] blare, bluster, cacophony, clangor, discordance, howl, racket, rattle, roar, tumult, uproar, vociferation
[反] quiet, silence, still, stillness 寂静;calm, lull, serenity, tranquility 宁静,祥和
[派] clamorous adj. 喧闹的
symbol: ['klæmər]
zhuji: 【记】clam喊。参：claim要求
zhuji3000: 【根】 clam [claim, shout] + -or [n.], 大叫 → n. 喧哗,喧闹,噪声
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position: (28, 9)

正面: clan
definition: 【考法】n.(有共同爱好的)团体,帮派:a group united by a common interest or common characteristics
[例] That clan of football fans has parties every weekend on which the New England Patriots play. 只要是新英格兰爱国者队有比赛的周末,那帮球迷就会举行聚会。
[近] body, bunch, circle, clique, community, coterie, coven, crowd, fold, network, pack, ring, set
[反] clannish adj. 派系的;团结的
symbol: [klæn]
zhuji: 【记】clan不仔细看是dan拼：党－党派
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position: (28, 9)

正面: cleave
definition: 【考法1】vi. 紧贴,坚持:to adhere firmly and closely or loyally and unwaveringly
[例] You should resolutely cleave to the facts in your report. 你应该在报道中坚持客观的原则。
[近] adhere, cling, hew, stick
[反] defect 叛变
【考法2】vt. 分隔,割裂,劈开:to divide by or as if by a cutting blow
[例] His spade cleaved the firm sand with a harsh crunch. 他的锹凿开了坚实的砂土,发出尖锐刺耳的嘎扎声。
[近] cut, decouple, disconnect, disjoin, dissever, dissociate, divide, part, ramify, sever, slice, split, sunder
[反] join, link, unify, unite 连接,接合
symbol: [kli:v]
zhuji: 【记】leave（v 离开）：使一部分离开另一部分－劈开
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position: (28, 10)

正面: cling
definition: 【考法1】n. 粘结,粘合:a physical sticking to as if by glue
[例] For certain types of materials that plastic wrap has very little cling. 对于某些材料,那种塑料覆膜的粘性不好。
[近] adherence, bonding, cohesion
【考法2】vi. 紧贴;支持:to adhere as if glued firmly
[例] a dozen magnets clinging to the refrigerator 贴靠在冰箱门上的一打磁石‖The couple continued to cling to the old ideas of child rearing long after they had gone out of fashion. 这对夫妇仍然坚持关于抚养孩子的老观念,尽管它们已经过时。
[近] adhere, cleave, hew, stick
[反] defect 叛变
symbol: [klɪŋ]
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position: (28, 10)

正面: coarse
definition: 【考法1】adj. 粗糙的,表面不平整的:not having a level or smooth surface
[例] the coarse surface of the sandpaper 砂纸的粗糙表面
[近] broken, bumpy, irregular, jagged, lumpy, pebbly, ragged, rough, roughened, rugged, scraggy
[反] even, flat, level, plane 表面平整的;smooth 表面光滑的
【考法2】adj.(声音)刺耳的,粗声粗气的:harsh, raucous, or rough in tone
[例] a coarse laugh from the living room 客厅里传来的一阵刺耳笑声
[近] croaking, croaky, grating, gravel, gruff, husky, rasping, raspy, rusty, scratchy, throaty
[反] gentle, gliding, golden, liquid, mellifluent, mellifluous, mellow, soothing, sweet, tender(声音)柔美的
【考法3】adj. 粗俗的:lacking in delicacy or refinement
[例] They don't know how to behave, and are coarse and insulting. 他们不知道正常的行为礼节,因此显得粗俗而无理。
[近] crass, crude, gross, incult, lowbred, raffish, rude, uncouth, uncultivated, unpolished, unrefined, vulgar
[反] civilized, cultivated, cultured, genteel, polished, refined, smooth, tasteful 有教养的,举止得体的
【考法4】adj.(质量)低劣的:of low, common, or inferior quality
[例] coarse imitations of quality merchandise 高级商品的粗劣仿制品
[近] execrable, inferior, lousy, mediocre, miserable, rotten, rubbishy, shoddy, sleazy, terrible, trashy, wretched
[反] excellent, fine, superior(品质)优良的
symbol: [kɔ:rs]
zhuji: 【记】生理course是coarse的
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position: (28, 10)

正面: cohesive
definition: 【考法】adj. 有粘性的;有凝聚力的:exhibiting or producing cohesion or coherence
[例] a cohesive social unit 有凝聚力的社会个体‖cohesive soils 有粘性的土壤
[近] adherent, adhesive, clingy, gluey, glutinous, gummy, tacky, tenacious, viscid
[反] non-adhesive, non-viscous 无粘性的
[派] cohesion n. 粘结;凝聚力
symbol: [koʊ'hi:sɪv]
zhuji3000: 【根】 co- [together] + hes [her, stick] + -ive [a.], stick together → a. 有粘性的;有凝聚力的
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position: (28, 10)

正面: collaborate
definition: 【考法】vi. 合作:to work jointly with others or together especially in an intellectual endeavor
[例] The two men collaborated on a blockbuster in 1986 which gained both of them fame. 两人在1986年合作出演了一部十分卖座的电影,由此名噪一时。
[近] band, concert, cooperate, concur, conjoin, conspire, join, league, unite
[反] stonewall 拒绝合作
[派] collaboration n. 合作,协作
symbol: [kə'læbəreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】col共同，labor劳动，ate吃－共同劳动共同吃－合作
zhuji3000: 【根】 col- [com-, together] + labor [work] + -ate [v.], work together → 合作
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position: (28, 10)

正面: commiserate
definition: 【考法】vi. 表示怜悯,同情:to feel or express sympathy
[例] He commiserated over their failure. 他对他们的失败表示同情。‖We commiserated with him but there was little we could do to make the situation better. 我们很同情他的遭遇,但是也只能表示无能为力。
[近] ache, bleed, compassionate, condole, sympathize, yearn
symbol: [kə'mɪzəreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】com共同，miser可怜－共同可怜－同情com共同，miser＝miss想念，ate吃－一堆穷人只能想念吃的东西，值得我们的同情。
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position: (28, 10)

正面: compatible
definition: 【考法】adj. 一致的,能共存的:capable of existing together in harmony
[例] I don't think that they could be compatible as roommates. 我不觉得他们做了室友之后能和谐相处。a theory that is compatible with what we already know about early man 一个与对远古人类的已有知识不存在矛盾的理论
[近] accordant, coherent, concordant, conformable, congruent, congruous, consonant, harmonious
[反] conflicting, incompatible, incongruous, inconsistent, inharmonious 有冲突的,矛盾的
symbol: [kəm'pætəbl]
zhuji: 【记】com共同，pat＝put放，ible能…－能放在一起的－和谐的com共同，pati读：拍地：所有人一起拍地，这种情况出现在球场上，当中国队进球时，球迷们就会和谐的跺脚，表示庆祝。
zhuji3000: 【记】 com- [together] + pat (h) [feeling] + -ible [a.], able to feel together, (对于某事物的) 感情可以一致的 → a. 一致的,能共存的
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position: (28, 10)

正面: compelling
definition: 【考法1】adj. 极具说服力的:having the power to persuade
[例] make a compelling argument against military intervention 就反对军事干预提出了很有说服力的论证‖If you can't present any compelling evidence to prove your innocence, you will be found guilty. 如果你找不出任何能证明你清白的有力证据,你就会被定罪。
[近] conclusive, convincing, decisive, effective, forceful, persuasive, satisfying, strong, telling
[反] feeble, weak 说服力不足的
【考法2】adj. 迫切的,紧迫的:needing immediate attention
[例] There is no compelling need to raise taxes at this time. 现在没有迫切提升税率的必要。
[近] burning, clamant, critical, crying, dire, emergent, exigent, imperative, imperious, importunate, instant, necessitous, pressing, urgent
[反] minor, negligible, trivial, unimportant 不重要的,琐碎的
symbol: [kəm'pelɪŋ]
zhuji3000: 【根】 com- [加强语气, together] + pel [drive] + - (l) ing [a.], drive (together) → a. 极具说服力的;drive (together) → a. 迫切的,紧迫的
【联】 动词形式compel [强迫]
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position: (28, 10)

正面: complacent
definition: 【考法1】adj. 自满的,自鸣得意的:feeling or showing an often excessive or unjustified satisfaction and pleasure in one's status, possessions, or attainments
[例] a complacent junior accountant who was certain of her indispensability to the company 一个确信自己对于公司而言无可替代而自满的年轻会计
[近] assured, consequential, egoistic, overweening, pompous, prideful, proud, smug, vain, vainglorious
[反] egoless, humble, modest, uncomplacent 谦逊的,谦卑的
[派] complacency n. 自满
【考法2】adj. 无所谓的,不关心的:having or showing a lack of interest or concern
[例] We can't afford to be complacent about rural illiteracy rates. 我们不能对农村的文盲率坐视不理。
[近] apathetic, casual, disinterested, insouciant, nonchalant, perfunctory, pococurante, unconcerned
[反] attentive, concerned, heedful, interested, mindful 关注的,感兴趣的
symbol: [kəm'pleɪsnt]
zhuji: 【记】com共同，plac平静，满足－全部满足－自满的com共同，place地方：和朋友有共同的地方居住－自鸣得意的com共同，pla＝play，cent钱币：一起玩钱币就是赌博，可以使某些人满足。
zhuji3000: 【根】 com- [加强语气] + plac [please] + -ent [a.], pleased with oneself → a. 自满的,自鸣得意的;由于自满而对其他的事情 → a. 无所谓的,不关心的
【联】 complacency [n. 自满, 无忧患意识]
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position: (28, 10)

正面: complementary
definition: 【考法】adj. 互补的:mutually supplying each other's lack
[例] The complementary contributions of the cooking and cleanup committees were essential to the success of the barbecue. 负责食物和卫生的两个小组之间的相互配合是野炊成功的关键。
[近] correlative, interdependent, reciprocal, supplemental, supplementary
[反] contradictory, incompatible 矛盾的
symbol: [ˌkɑ:mplɪ'mentri]
zhuji3000: 【根】 com- [together] + ple [fill] + -ment + -ary [a.], fill with together, (在一起) 互相填充 → a. 互补的
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position: (28, 10)

正面: complicate
definition: 【考法】vt. 使复杂化:to make complex or difficult
[例] Don't complicate matters by getting the parents involved. 不要把父母牵扯进来,这会让问题更复杂。
[近] complex, embarrass, entangle, ravel, perplex, sophisticate, tangle
[反] simplify, streamline 简化
[派] complicated adj. 复杂的,麻烦的
symbol: ['kɑ:mplɪkeɪt]
zhuji: 【记】com共同，plic重叠，ate吃－共同重叠起来吃一象麦当劳的巨无霸－比较复杂
zhuji3000: 【根】 com- [together] + plic [fold] + -ate [v.], fold together, (将一堆事物) 折叠在一起 → vt. 使复杂化
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position: (29, 1)

正面: comprehend
definition: 【考法1】vt. 理解,了解:to grasp the nature, significance, or meaning of
[例] the age at which children can comprehend the difference between right and wrong 一个小孩可以开始分辨是非的年龄‖With internet, television, cellphone and even radio down, we are unable to comprehend what has happened. 互联网、电视、手机乃至无线电都不起作用了,我们无法获知发生了什么。
[近] appreciate, apprehend, assimilate, behold, catch, cognize, conceive, discern, grasp, perceive, recognize, savvy, see, seize, sense, understand
[反] misapprehend, misconceive, misinterpret, misperceive, misunderstand 误解
【考法2】vt. 包括,包含:to contain or hold within a total scope, significance, or amount
[例] Our notion of morality should comprehend much more than proper sexual behavior. 我们的道德观范围不应该仅仅止步于恰当的性行为。
[近] carry, contain, embrace, encompass, entail, involve, number, subsume, take in
[反] exclude, leave, omit, preclude 排除,忽略
[派] comprehensive adj. 全面的,综合的;comprehension n. 理解;comprehensible adj. 可理解的
symbol: [ˌkɑ:mprɪ'hend]
zhuji: 【记】com共同，prehend抓住－共同抓住－包括，理解
zhuji3000: 【根】 com- [completely, 加强语气] + prehend [seize], seize (meaning) completely, 抓住 (含义) → vt. 理解,了解;seize...together [com-], 相当于同源近义词comprise → vt. 包括,包含
apprehension[ˌæprɪ'henʃn]
【根】 ap- [ad-, to] + prehens [seize] + -ion [n.], seize (mentally), “抓心” → n. 忧虑,恐惧;seize (criminal), 抓 (犯人) → n. 逮捕;seize (the meaning of), 抓 (含义) → n. 理解
【联】 apprehensive [a. 知晓的,理解的;恐惧的,害怕的]
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position: (29, 1)

正面: concrete
definition: 【考法1】adj. 实体的,实在的:relating to or composed of matter
[例] concrete objects like rocks and trees 像石头、树这一类的实物
[近] physical, substantial, substantive
[反] airy, diaphanous, gossamery, immaterial, tenuous, thin, vaporous 虚无缥缈的,非实体的
【考法2】adj. 事实性的,明确的:existing in fact and not merely as a possibility
[例] Concrete evidence, and not just a theory, must be presented at a trial. 在法庭上需要出示确凿的证据,而非臆测。
[近] effective, existent, factual, genuine, real, true, very, de facto
[反] conjectural, hypothetical, ideal, platonic, suppositional, theoretical 猜测的,理论上的
symbol: ['kɑ:ŋkri:t]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，crete＝create（v 创造）－共同创造的东西是具体的，如果是抽象无形的东西，就太浪费劳动力了。
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position: (29, 1)

正面: condemn
definition: 【考法】vt. 谴责(…为不道德的、邪恶的):to declare to be reprehensible, wrong, or evil usually after weighing evidence and without reservation
[例] a policy widely condemned as racist 一个被广泛谴责为种族歧视的政策‖It is a sign of human progress that slavery, which was once common, is now universally condemned. 曾经很平常的奴隶制如今却沦落到人人谴责的境地,这不能不说是人类文明的进步。
[近] anathematize, censure, damn, decry, denounce, execrate, reprimand, reprehend, reproach, reprobate
[反] commend, endorse, extol, laud, praise 赞扬,赞颂
symbol: [kən'dem]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，demn＝damn（v 谴责，诅咒）－共同诅咒－强烈谴责
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position: (29, 1)

正面: conditional
definition: 【考法】adj. 有条件的,受制约的:subject to, implying, or dependent upon a condition
[例] a conditional offer 有条件限制的录取‖Their support is conditional on their approval of his proposals. 他们认可他的提案是有条件的。
[近] contingent, dependent, subject, tentative
[反] absolute, categorical, unconditional 不受制约的;independent 独立的
symbol: [kən'dɪ∫ənl]
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position: (29, 1)

正面: conflagration
definition: 【考法1】n. 大火:a large destructive fire
[例] All the stock was destroyed in a warehouse conflagration. 仓库里所有的货物都被一场大火烧毁了。
[近] holocaust, inferno
【考法2】n. 武装冲突,战争:a state of armed violent struggle between states, nations, or groups
[例] What began as a skirmish over disputed territory erupted into a conflagration that swept the continent. 这场席卷整个大陆的战争是由之前关于有纠纷的领土的小冲突引发的。
[近] conflict, war, warfare
[反] peace 和平;truce 休战
symbol: [ˌkɑ:nflə'greɪ∫n]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，flagr＝flare（烧，闪耀）－共同烧－大火con，flag（n 旗，v 枯萎，衰退），rat老鼠，ion＝lion狮子：森林大火，会使植物枯萎，狮子乱窜。建筑物大火会使楼倒塌（衰退），老鼠乱窜。
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together] + flagr [burn] + -ation [n.], burn together → n. 大火;火光冲天的战争 → n. 武装冲突,战争
[注] 词根flagr与flame [火焰] 同源。flagrant [臭名昭著的] 字面含义“燃烧 [flagr] 的 [-ant]”,特指“罪恶之火燃烧” (火象征着欲望、冲突和战争)。
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position: (29, 1)

正面: conflate
definition: 【考法】vt. 混合:to turn into a single mass or entity that is more or less the same throughout
[例] The movie conflates documentary footage and dramatized reenactments so seamlessly and ingeniously that viewers may not know what is real and what is not. 电影将纪实档案和娱乐性的夸张如此巧妙无缝地糅合起来,以至于观众不知道哪一部分是真实的,哪一部分是虚构的。
[近] amalgamate, combine, composite, fuse, homogenize, immingle, incorporate, integrate, interfuse, meld, merge, mingle, mix
[反] disunite, divide, part, separate, sunder 使分离
[派] conflation n. 合并
symbol: [kən'fleɪt]
zhuji: 【记】con一起，flat吹气－吹到一起－合并
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position: (29, 1)

正面: conform
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使协调:to bring into harmony or accord
[例] We have to conform this new rule with existing policy regarding student-run organizations on campus. 我们必须要让这些新规定与现行的校园学生社团的政策相协调。
[近] accommodate, attune, conciliate, coordinate, key, reconcile
[反] disharmonize 使不和谐
【考法2】vt. 调整(以适应):to change(something)so as to make it suitable for a new use or situation
[例] I can be funny or serious, for I always conform my behavior to the situation. 我会根据情况调整举止,因此我有时候会很活泼,有时候会很严肃。
[近] acclimate, acclimatize, accommodate, adjust, condition, doctor, edit, fashion, fit, put, shape, suit, tailor
【考法3】vi. 遵照,遵从:to be obedient or compliant
[例] an independent-minded person who refuses to conform to another's wishes 一个思想独立、拒绝遵照他人的意愿行动的人
[近] adhere, comply, follow, goose-step, mind, observe
[反] defy, disobey, rebel 不服从,[反]抗
[派] conformist n. 墨守成规的人;conformism n. 守旧
symbol: [kən'fɔ:rm]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，form形状－有共同的形状－一致；符合
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together] + form [形式],相同的形式 → v. 使协调;调整 (以适应);遵照,遵从
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position: (29, 1)

正面: conjure
definition: 【考法1】vt. 请求,恳求:to charge or entreat earnestly or solemnly
[例] I conjure you to hear my plea for mercy. 请您发发慈悲吧。‖He conjured them with his dying breath to look after his children. 临终前他恳求他们照顾他的孩子。
[近] appeal, beseech, besiege, entreat, impetrate, implore, importune, petition, plead, pray, solicit, supplicate
【考法2】vt. 在脑海中浮现,想起:to form a mental picture of
[例] With certain flowers I instantly conjure up memories of our Caribbean honeymoon. 这些鲜花让我立即回想起我们加勒比海的蜜月之旅。
[近] conceive, dream, envisage, envision, fancy, fantasize, feature, ideate, image, picture, vision, visualize
symbol: ['kʌnʤər]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，jure发誓－共同发誓－祈求（想象一下一万个农民求雨的场景）读：看这儿！看这儿！我要大变活人了！！
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together] + jur [swear] + -e [v.], swear (together) → vt. 请求,恳求;通过发誓,恳求神明 (显现、显灵) → 施魔法,变魔术;在脑海中显现 → vt. 在脑海中浮现,想起
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position: (29, 1)

正面: consent
definition: 【考法1】n. 同意,赞同:the approval by someone in authority for the doing of something
[例] We had to get our neighbor's consent in order to trim the tree from his side. 想要从邻居家那边修剪树木,我们得先得到他的同意。
[近] allowance, approval, authorization, clearance, concurrence, granting, license, sanction, warrant
[反] interdiction, prohibition, proscription 禁止
【考法2】vi. 同意:to give assent or approval
[例] consent to being tested in her neurobiology experiment 同意在她神经生物学的实验中作测试对象‖refuse to consent to the marriage 拒绝这桩婚事
[近] acquiesce, agree, approve, assent, subscribe
[反] dissent [反]对;deny, veto 否决
symbol: [kən'sent]
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together] + sent [sense], sense together, 想法一致 → vi. 同意
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position: (29, 1)

正面: consign
definition: 【考法】vt. 转交,转移(给他人):to give, transfer, or deliver into the hands or control of another
[例] The record shows that the deliveryman had consigned our package to a next-door neighbor. 记录显示邮递员把我们的包裹转投给隔壁邻居了。‖a writer consigned to oblivion 湮没无闻的作家
[近] commend, commit, confide, delegate, deliver, entrust, hand, recommend, repose, transfer, transmit, vest
[反] hold, keep, retain 保留
symbol: [kən'saɪn]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，sign签名－托运，托管需要双方签名
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together] + sign [签字], 共同签字 (达成合同) , 从而把责任 (或某物) 转移给某人,即“转交,转移 (给他人) ”;后引申出把某人置于某种 (往往是不好的) 处境 → 把…置于
【参】 同源词assign [v. 指派] (前缀as-=ad-加强语气, consign的前缀con-也可看成加强语气) , 词组“assign A to B [将A分配给B] ”在某些语境下与“consign A to B [将A置于B] ”含义类似
[注] 词组consign...to oblivion [将… (置于) 遗忘]
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position: (29, 2)

正面: consternation
definition: 【考法】n. 惊愕,恐慌,恐惧:a state of paralyzing dismay
[例] The two girls stared at each other in consternation without any idea about what to do. 两个小女孩惊恐地望着对方,显得不知所措。
[近] alarm, apprehension, dread, fear, fright, horror, terror, trepidation
[反] bravery, courage, dauntlessness, fearlessness, fortitude, intrepidity, stoutness, valor 勇气,无畏
symbol: [ˌkɑ:nstər'neɪ∫n]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，stern（adj 严厉的；苛刻的）－一万人严厉的指责你你就会处于惊恐状态stern作为词根是僵硬的意思：吓得僵硬－极度惊恐。Con，ster＝star，nation：全是星星的国家，当大家辛辛苦苦考上美国大学，并踏上美利坚领土地那一刻，发现身边都是星星，没有人－就会处于惊恐状态"
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position: (29, 2)

正面: constrict
definition: 【考法】vt. 压缩,压紧:to make smaller or narrower by or as if by binding or squeezing
[例] lives constricted by poverty 因为贫穷而拮据的生活‖Severe migraine can be treated with a drug which constricts the blood vessels. 某些能使血管收缩的药物可用来治疗严重的偏头痛。
[近] capsule, collapse, compact, condense, constringe, contract, narrow, squeeze, telescope
[反] decompress, expand, open, outspread, outstretch 扩张,使伸展
symbol: [kən'strɪkt]
zhuji: 【记】con一起，strict拉紧－拉到一起－收缩con共同，strict（adj 严厉的）：一万人严厉的指责你，你只好收缩到墙角里去了。
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together] + strict [draw tight], draw tight together, (肌肉等) 拉紧到一起 → vt. 压缩,压紧
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position: (29, 2)

正面: contemplate
definition: 【考法】v. 沉思,仔细思索:to view or consider with continued attention
[例] contemplate the vastness of the universe 沉思着宇宙的广袤无垠‖She contemplated the problem for several hours before reaching a decision. 关于这个问题,她苦苦思索了几个小时后才做出决定。
[近] cogitate, consider, deliberate, meditate, mull, perpend, pore, revolve, ruminate, study, weigh, wrestle
[反] disregard, ignore, overlook, slight 忽视
[派] contemplation n. 沉思,思索
symbol: ['kɑ:ntəmpleɪt]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，temple（n 寺庙；太阳穴；鬓角），ate－庙里有一堆人专心注视着墙上的九阴真经，陷入仔细而长久的深思中，可是单词还是没有背会，该吃饭了！身体是考G的本钱！！
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position: (29, 2)

正面: contempt
definition: 【考法】n. 蔑视,鄙视:open dislike for someone or something considered unworthy of one's concern or respect
[例] my undying contempt for people who abuse animals 我对于虐待动物者的无尽鄙视‖Her contempt for illiterate was obvious. 你可以很明显地看出她对文盲的鄙夷。
[近] contemptuousness, despisement, despite, despitefulness, disdain, misprision, scorn
[反] admiration, esteem, estimation, regard, respect, reverence, veneration 尊敬,敬仰
[派] contemptible adj. 可鄙的;contemptuous adj. 蔑视的
symbol: [kən'tempt]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，tempt（vt 诱惑）－一万人诱惑你，说明你太次了，什么都想要，我鄙视你！！！
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position: (29, 2)

正面: contend
definition: 【考法1】vi. 竞争,争夺:to strive or vie in contest or rivalry or against difficulties
[例] two traditional rivals contending for the championship 两个争夺冠军头衔的老对手
[近] battle, fight, race, rival, vie
[反] capitulate, quit, succumb, surrender, give in 投降
【考法2】vt. 声明,声称:to state as a fact usually forcefully
[例] He contended that his opponent was wrong about practically everything. 他宣称对手几乎在所有问题上都犯了错误。‖He contended that his considerable experience made him the best candidate. 他声称因为他见多识广,所以是最佳人选。
[近] affirm, allege, assert, aver, avouch, avow, declare, insist, maintain, profess, protest, purport, warrant
[反] deny, gainsay 否认
symbol: [kən'tend]
zhuji: 【记】con一起，tend伸展－一起你拉我夺－竞争con一起，t踢，end结束：互相踢直到有一人被结束了为止－竞争
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together] + tend [stretch], stretch (out) together, 都伸出手 (去拿) → vi. 竞争,争夺;con-作为前缀加强语气,伸张 (正义/认为正确的事) → vt. 声明,声称
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position: (29, 2)

正面: contradict
definition: 【考法】vt. 否认,反驳;与…相矛盾:to assert the contrary of; to imply the opposite or a denial of
[例] contradict a rumor 反驳谣言‖Your actions contradict your words. 你的行为和你说的话相互矛盾。
[近] deny, disaffirm, disavow, disclaim, disconfirm, disown, gainsay, negate, negative, refute, reject, repudiate
[反] acknowledge, admit, avow, concede, confirm 承认
[派] contradictory adj. 矛盾的,相反的
symbol: [ˌkɑ:ntrə'dɪkt]
zhuji: 【记】contra反，dict说－反着你的意思说－反驳
zhuji3000: 【根】 contra- [against] + dict [say], say against → vt.否认,反驳;与…相矛盾
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position: (29, 2)

正面: contrived
definition: 【考法】adj. 不自然的,刻意的:lacking in natural or spontaneous quality
[例] We are bored with the contrived applause of a TV studio audience that has been told when to clap. 摄影棚中的观众会被告知什么时候鼓掌,这种经过刻意安排的掌声让我们倍感厌倦。
[近] affected, assumed, bogus, factitious, feigned, plastic, pretended, pseudo, simulated, unnatural
[反] artless, natural, spontaneous, unaffected, uncontrived, unfeigned, unforced 真诚的,不虚伪的
symbol: [kən'traɪvd]
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position: (29, 2)

正面: convene
definition: 【考法1】vt. 召开,召集:to bring together in assembly by or as if by command
[例] convene the members of the council for an emergency session 召集委员会的成员进入紧急议程
[近] assemble, call, muster, summon
[反] disband, dispel, disperse, dissipate, dissolve, squander 驱散,驱逐
【考法2】vi. 聚集,集合:to come together in a body
[例] The students convened in the auditorium to hear the principal's address. 学生们在大礼堂集合,聆听校长的致辞。
[近] cluster, collect, concenter, concentrate, conglomerate, congregate, converge, gather, meet, rendezvous
[派] convention n. 集会,大会
symbol: [kən'vi:n]
zhuji: 【记】con共同，vene来－来到一起－召集
zhuji3000: 【根】 con- [together] + ven [come] + -e [v.], come together → vi. 聚集,集合;make come together → vt. 召开,召集
[派 reconvene [v. 重新集合,重新召集]
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position: (29, 2)

正面: correlate
definition: 【考法】vt. 使…相关联:to establish a mutual or reciprocal relation between
[例] a demanding father who always correlated success with hard work 一个总将成功和辛勤工作挂钩的严格父亲‖In this work, we correlate the simulation in the lab and the observation in the field to examine the validity of our theory. 本文中,我们将实验室的模拟结果和实际观测数据联系起来以验证理论的真实性。
[近] connect, identify, link, relate
[反] separate 分离
[派] correlation n. 关联,关系
symbol: ['kɔ:rəleɪt]
zhuji: 【记】cor共同，relate（v 使联系）－把东西联系在一起－使有联系
zhuji3000: 【记】 cor- [com-, together] + relate [参relation, n. 关系],使有关系,使关联到一起 → v. 使…相关联
[注] relate也指“v. 使…相关联”
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position: (29, 2)

正面: counterpart
definition: 【考法】n.(地位、功能)对等的人或物:one having the same function or characteristics as another
[例] She worked with her counterpart in the other office to get the job done. 她与另一个办公室的同职人员一起完成这项工作。‖U.S. presidents and his British counterpart 美国总统和英国首相
[近] coequal, compeer, coordinate, equivalent, fellow, like, match, parallel, peer, rival
symbol: ['kaʊntərpɑ:rt]
zhuji: 【记】counter，part部分：相对应的部分"
zhuji3000: 【根】 counter- [opposite] + part [part], opposite part, 对应的部分 → n. (地位、功能) 对等的人或物
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position: (29, 3)

正面: counterproductive
definition: 【考法】adj. 反效果的,阻碍预期目标的:not producing or tending to hinder the attainment of a desired goal
[例] Violence as a means to achieve an end is counterproductive.(W. E. Brock)用暴力来达到目标往往是事与愿违的。——W. E. 布洛克‖His uncontrollable anger is very counterproductive to his attempt at saving his marriage. 他无法自控的愤怒只会对他拯救婚姻的意愿起反作用。
[近] feckless, hamstrung, ineffective, ineffectual, inefficacious, inefficient, inexpedient
[反] effective, effectual, efficacious, efficient, expedient, operant 行之有效的
symbol: [ˌkaʊntərprə'dʌktɪv]
zhuji: 【记】counter反，productive（adj 多产的；有成效的）－起反效果的"
zhuji3000: 【记】 counter- [against] + productive, produce against → a. 反效果的,阻碍预期目标的
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position: (29, 3)

正面: courteous
definition: 【考法】adj. 礼貌的,谦恭有礼的:marked by polished manners, gallantry, or ceremonial usage of a court
[例] Their customer service department always gives courteous responses, even to rude people. 哪怕是对粗鲁的消费者,他们的客服部门总是用一种非常有礼貌的态度回复。
[近] civil, civilized, couth, genteel, gracious, mannerly, suave, urbane, well-bred
[反] discourteous, ill-bred, ill-mannered, impertinent, impolite, impudent, insolent, rude 粗鲁的,不礼貌的
[派] courtesy n. 礼貌,谦恭
symbol: ['kɜ:rtiəs]
zhuji: 【记】court（n 宫廷）ous多：宫廷里面需要彬彬有礼的人
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position: (29, 3)

正面: coy
definition: 【考法1】adj. 故作羞涩的:affectedly and usually flirtatiously shy or modest
[例] Not wanting him to know that she was interested in him, she acted very coy at the dance. 她在舞会上故意装得很娇羞的样子,不想让他知道她喜欢他。
[近] coquettish, demure, kittenish
【考法2】adj. 不愿与人交往的,内向的:tending to avoid people and social situations
[例] She was modest without being coy. 她很低调,但又不至于内向。
[近] backward, bashful, diffident, introverted, modest, recessive, retiring, sheepish, shy, withdrawn
[反] extroverted, immodest, outgoing 外向的
symbol: [kɔɪ]
zhuji: 【记】co全部，y国人：周围全部是外国人，唉！口语太差，只好故作忸怩了，没准儿那个老外慧眼识珍珠，就不用考试了。男生就没有那么好运了。悲哀！！！看上去比较弱智的boy就会coy！"
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position: (29, 3)

正面: credible
definition: 【考法】adj. 可信的,值得信赖的:worthy of being accepted as true or reasonable
[例] It's not perfect, but is at least a credible explanation. 尽管还不算完美,但这好歹也算是可信的解释了。‖a credible account of an accident 事故的可靠报道
[近] believable, creditable, likely, plausible, presumptive, probable
[反] implausible, improbable, incredible, unbelievable, unlikely 不可信的,难以置信的
[派] credibility n. 可靠性,公信力
symbol: ['kredəbl]
zhuji3000: 【根】 cred [trust] + -ible [a., able], able to trust, worthy to be trusted → a. 可信的,值得信赖的
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position: (29, 3)

正面: credit
definition: 【考法1】n. 信任,信赖:mental conviction of the truth of some statement or the reality of some being or phenomenon
[例] I give full credit to this report on the prevalence of cheating among college students today. 我非常相信这则有关大学中作弊成风的报道。
[近] belief, credence, faith, trust
[反] disbelief, doubt, dubiety, incertitude 不信任,不确定
【考法2】n. 表扬,赞扬:public acknowledgment or admiration for an achievement
[例] She deserves all the credit, since she did all the work. 是她完成了所有的工作,因此荣誉都应该属于她。
[近] acclaim, accolade, applause, commendation, distinction, endorsement, homage, honor, kudos, laud
[反] denunciation, excoriation, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, reproof, stricture 谴责,责难
symbol: ['kredɪt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 cred [trust] + -it [n.], trust → n. 信任,信赖;“说…值得信任” → n. 表扬,赞扬
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position: (29, 3)

正面: crow
definition: 【考法1】vi. 感到高兴:to feel or express joy or triumph
[例] Being the home of the new Super Bowl champs was the first thing that city residents had to crow about in a very long time. 当地的队伍获得超级碗美式足球冠军赛是长期以来让这个城市居民感到高兴的第一件事情。
[近] delight, exuberate, glory, jubilate, joy, rejoice, triumph
[反] bemoan, bewail, grieve, lament, weep 感到悲伤,叹息
【考法2】vi. 自鸣得意:to praise or express pride in one's own possessions, qualities, or accomplishments often to excess
[例] He is already crowing over his victory. 他已经在那里为自己的胜利而自鸣得意了。
[近] blow, brag, swagger, vapor, vaunt
symbol: [kroʊ]
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position: (29, 3)

正面: damn
definition: 【考法1】vt.(在道德上)谴责:to declare to be morally wrong or evil
[例] a cleric who damned gambling and strong drink 一位严厉谴责赌博和酗酒的牧师
[近] anathematize, censure, decry, denounce, execrate, reprehend, reprobate
[反] bless, eulogize, exalt, extol, glorify, laud, praise 赞颂
【考法2】adv. 非常地,极其地:to a great degree
[例] Let's have a damn good party. 让我们尽情享乐狂欢吧。
[近] deadly, desperately, exceedingly, extremely, greatly, heavily, highly, incredibly, really, seriously, very
[反] little, negligibly, nominally, slightly, somewhat 一点点,稍微
symbol: [dæm]
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position: (29, 3)

正面: dampen
definition: 【考法1】vt.(特指稍稍地)弄湿:to make or become slightly or moderately wet
[例] dampen a paper towel with water and use it to clean up the mess 把纸巾弄湿用来清洁
[近] bedew, damp, douse, drench, impregnate, saturate, soak, souse, steep
[反] dehydrate, desiccate, dry, parch, scorch, sear 使脱水,烤干
【考法2】vt. 抑制,压抑(感情、精力等),泼冷水:to check or diminish the feeling, activity or vigor of
[例] Nothing could dampen their enthusiasm. 没有什么能扼杀他们的激情。‖The oppressive heat dampened our spirits. 让人难以忍受的酷暑让我们精神不振。
[近] benumb, blunt, castrate, deaden, devitalize, enervate, geld, lobotomize, petrify
[反] brace, energize, enliven, invigorate, quicken, stimulate, vitalize, vivify 使充满活力
symbol: ['dæmpən]
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position: (29, 3)

正面: dashing
definition: 【考法】adj. 爱好冒险的,大胆的:inclined or willing to take risks
[例] the dashing heroes in stories about the American West 美国西部故事中那些勇敢无畏的英雄
[近] adventurous, audacious, daring, emboldened, enterprising, gutsy, nerved, nervy, venturous
[反] cowardly, craven, pusillanimous, timid, timorous 胆小的
symbol: ['dæ∫ɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】dash（v 急冲，突进）"
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position: (29, 3)

正面: dated
definition: 【考法】adj. 过时的:having passed its time of use or usefulness; out-of-date
[例] His jokes are awfully dated, referring to things that happened years ago. 他的笑话全是些关于几年前的事情的过时货。
[近] antiquated, archaic, fossilized, medieval, moribund, moth-eaten, obsolete, outdated, outmoded, outworn, prehistoric, rusty
[反] contemporary, current, modern, recent 当前的,现代的
symbol: ['deɪtɪd]
zhuji3000: 【联】 date [日期, 时间] , “时间的过去式” → a. 过时的
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position: (29, 4)

正面: deadlock
definition: 【考法1】n. 僵局:a state of inaction or neutralization resulting from the opposition of equally powerful uncompromising persons or factions
[例] The deadlock was broken with a key compromise. 一个关键性的妥协打破了僵局。
[近] gridlock, halt, impasse, logjam, stalemate, standoff, standstill
【考法2】vt. 使陷入僵局,使停顿:to bring or come to a deadlock
[反] expedite 加速进程
symbol: ['dedlɑ:k]
zhuji: 【记】dead死，lock锁－局势锁死了－僵局"
zhuji3000: 【根】 dead [死] + lock [锁], “死锁” → n. 僵局 v. 使陷入僵局,使停顿
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position: (29, 4)

正面: debonair
definition: 【考法1】adj. 无忧无虑的,不在乎的:having or showing freedom from worries or troubles
[例] His debonair dismissal of my inquiry concerning his financial situation led me to believe that nothing was wrong. 对于我提出的有关他个人财务状况的问题,他表现得毫不担忧,这使我相信(他的财务)确实没有出问题。
[近] blithe, carefree, gay, insouciant, lighthearted, lightsome, slaphappy, unconcerned
[反] careworn 焦虑的
【考法2】adj. 风度翩翩的:having or showing very polished and worldly manners
[例] The debonair gentleman charmed all of the ladies in the room. 风度翩翩的绅士吸引了房间里的所有女士。
[近] civilized, graceful, polished, refined, smooth, sophisticated, suave, svelte, urbane
[反] boorish, churlish, loutish, uncouth 粗鲁的,粗野的;clumsy, gauche, graceless 笨拙的
symbol: [ˌdebə'ner]
zhuji: 【记】deb＝debt债务，on，air：债务飞到天上去了，不用还钱了！！！－无忧无虑的"
zhuji3000: 【联】 deb [看做“一个戴耳机Ω的人在开口大笑 (字母e)”,字母的象形联想] + on + air, (听着歌) 乘着风 → a. 无忧无虑,不在乎的;风度翩翩的
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position: (29, 4)

正面: decadent
definition: 【考法1】adj. 堕落的,腐败的:having or showing lowered moral character or standards
[例] Opponents of gambling casinos claim that gambling is a decadent form of entertainment. 赌场的反对者们宣称赌博是一种堕落腐化的娱乐形式。
[近] debased, debauched, degenerate, depraved, dissolute, perverse, perverted, reprobate, warped
[反] pure, uncorrupted 纯净的,未腐化的
【考法2】n. 放纵的人:a person whose life is devoted to luxury and sensual pleasures
[例] a decadent who squandered her once considerable family fortune 一个挥霍了大量家族财富的人
[近] debauchee, hedonist, libertine, sensualist, sybarite, profligate
[反] ascetic 苦行者,禁欲者
【考法3】n. 道德上堕落的人:a person in a condition or process of mental or moral decay
[例] avant-garde artists who were scorned by the bourgeoisie as talentless decadents 被中产阶级鄙视为没有才华的堕落者的前卫艺术家
[近] deviate
[反] saint 圣人
symbol: ['dekədənt]
zhuji: 【记】de向下，cad落下－落下的－衰退的源于：decay（v 衰落）"
zhuji3000: 【根】 de- [down] + cad [fall] + -ent [a.&n.], fall down → a. 堕落的,腐败的 n. 道德上堕落的人;放纵的人
【联】 decadence [n. 衰落, 颓废]
[注] 同源单词decay [n.&v. 衰退, 腐烂]
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position: (29, 4)

正面: decry
definition: 【考法】vt. 强烈反对,否定:to express strong disapproval of
[例] Scientists were quick to decry the claims of the psychic. 通灵者的说法很快就遭到了科学家的反对。decry the excessive emphasis on sex 谴责对于性的过分重视
[近] belittle, denigrate, denounce, deprecate, depreciate, derogate, disapprove, dismiss, disparage, minimize
[反] acclaim, applaud, exalt, extol, glorify, laud, magnify, praise 表扬,称颂
symbol: [dɪ'kraɪ]
zhuji: 【记】de，cry（喊）－向下喊－贬低；注意不要和descry（看见，望到）相混"
zhuji3000: 【根】 de- [down] + cry [cry, speak loudly], cry...down, against → vt. 强烈反对,否定
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position: (29, 4)

正面: deflect
definition: 【考法】vt. 使偏斜,使转向:to turn aside especially from a straight course or fixed direction
[例] The goalie deflected the ball with his hands. 守门员用双手将球击出。‖They are trying to deflect the public attention from the troubled economy. 他们试图将公众的注意力从经济的困境中转移开。
[近] divert, redirect, swing, veer, wheel, whip
[派] deflection n. 偏转,偏离
symbol: [dɪ'flekt]
zhuji: 【记】flect弯曲－弯到一边－偏离
zhuji3000: 【根】 de- [aside] + flect [bend], bend aside → vt. 使偏斜,使转向
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position: (29, 4)

正面: defray
definition: 【考法】vt. 支付:to undertake the payment of
[例] The government has committed billions toward defraying the costs of the war. 政府为战争付出了数十亿元的代价。‖I don't have sufficient fund to defray the expense. 我身上的现金不够买单。
[近] disburse, expend, pay
[反] acquire, earn, gain, garner, procure, realize, secure, win 获得,获取;charge 收取
symbol: [dɪ'freɪ]
zhuji: 【记】de表示一种卑劣的行为，fray读：free：要想卑劣的free一下（想象），不花钱行吗？"
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position: (29, 4)

正面: deign
definition: 【考法】vi.(不情愿地)屈尊,俯就:to condescend reluctantly and with a strong sense of the affront to one's superiority that is involved
[例] I would never deign to answer that absurd accusation. 我根本不屑于去解释那样一个荒谬的指责。
[近] condescend, stoop
symbol: [deɪn]
zhuji: 【记】de向下，ign读：一个n－向下成一个n的形状－鞠躬－屈尊记住：屈尊表示对别人的一种藐视。
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position: (29, 4)

正面: delegate
definition: 【考法1】n. 代理人,代表:a person authorized to act as representative for another
[例] The real estate developer sent a delegate to the town meeting to represent his interests. 房地产开发商派了一名能代表自己利益的代理前往镇上开会。‖the U.N. delegates from African countries 非洲国家的驻联合国代表
[近] agent, assignee, commissary, deputy, emissary, envoy, legate, minister, proxy, representative
[派] delegation n. 代表团
【考法2】vt. 移交(权力、任务等):to put(something)into the possession or safekeeping of another
[例] The manager is reluctant to delegate authority to subordinates while abroad. 经理不愿意在国外期间将自己的权力转交给下级。
[近] commit, confide, consign, deliver, entrust, repose, transfer, transmit, vest, give over, hand over, turn over
[反] hold, keep, retain 保持,持有
symbol: ['delɪgət]
zhuji: 【记】de，legate（n 使者）－代表"
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position: (29, 4)

正面: delineate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 勾勒,用线条描绘:to indicate or represent by drawn or painted lines
[例] lights delineating the narrow streets 勾勒狭窄街道线条的路灯
[近] define, silhouette, sketch, trace
【考法2】vt. 描写,描绘:to describe, portray, or set forth with accuracy or in detail
[例] delineate the steps to be taken by the government 具体描述了政府所应该采取的措施‖The film does a remarkable job of delineating the emotions that immigrants feel upon their arrival in a strange country. 这部电影成功地描绘了移民者踏上陌生国土时的心情。
[近] depict, display, draw, image, limn, paint, picture, portray, render
[反] color, distort, falsify, garble, misrepresent, misstate, pervert, twist, warp 曲解,篡改本意
[派] delineation n. 描绘
symbol: [dɪ'lɪnieɪt]
zhuji: 【记】de，line（线条），ate－加强线条－描绘；参考：limn（描绘）"
zhuji3000: 【根】 de- [down] + line [n. 线] + -ate [v.], 用线条画下,写下 → v. 勾勒,用线条描绘;描写,描绘
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (29, 4)

正面: demote
definition: 【考法】vt. 降职,降级:to reduce to a lower grade or rank
[例] The court-martial's decision was to demote the officer responsible for the failed mission. 军事法庭决定对为此次任务失败负责的军官进行降职处理。
[近] break, bust, degrade, disrate, downgrade, reduce
[反] advance, elevate, promote, raise 提升,晋升
[派] demotion n. 降职
symbol: [ˌdi:'moʊt]
zhuji: 【记】de向下，mote动一向下动一降级
zhuji3000: 【根】 de- [down] + mot [move] + -e [v.], move down → vt. 降职,降级
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position: (29, 5)

正面: dependable
definition: 【考法】adj. 可靠的,值得信赖的:capable of being depended on
[例] a dependable source of income 可靠的收入来源‖He was a good friend and a dependable companion. 他是一个好朋友,一个值得信赖的好伙伴。
[近] calculable, reliable, responsible, safe, secure, solid, trustable, trustworthy
[反] undependable, unreliable, unsafe, untrustworthy 不值得信赖的
symbol: [dɪ'pendəbl]
zhuji: 【记】pend挂一挂在老江的身边一可靠的depend（vi 依靠；依赖）
zhuji3000: 【记】 depend [依赖, 依靠] + -able [a.], able to depend → a. 可靠的,值得信赖的
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position: (29, 5)

正面: deplorable
definition: 【考法1】adj. 可鄙的,可耻的:worthy of severe condemnation or reproach
[例] We will not tolerate such deplorable behavior in a house of worship. 我们绝不能容许这样一种可鄙的行为出现在礼拜堂中。
[近] despicable, dirty, grubby, lousy, mean, nasty, paltry, scurvy, wretched
[反] admirable, commendable, creditable, laudable, meritorious, praiseworthy 值得表扬的
【考法2】adj. 悲惨的,可悲的:of a kind to cause great distress
[例] Many of them work under deplorable conditions. 许多人的工作环境十分悲惨。
[近] distressful, distressing, grievous, heartbreaking, heartrending, lamentable, tragic, unfortunate, woeful
symbol: [dɪ'plɔ:rəbl]
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position: (29, 5)

正面: desperate
definition: 【考法】adj. 绝望的:feeling or showing no hope
[例] a desperate spirit crying for relief 一个渴望宽慰的绝望的灵魂
[近] despondent, despairing, forlorn, hopeless
[反] hopeful, optimistic 充满希望的,乐观的
symbol: ['despərət]
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position: (29, 5)

正面: dichotomy
definition: 【考法】n. 一分为二,分割:a division into two especially mutually exclusive or contradictory groups or entities
[例] a dichotomy between the academic world and the industrial world 学术界和工业界的割裂
[近] bifurcation, breakup, cleavage, division, fractionalization, partition, schism, scission, split, sundering
[反] unification, union 统一
symbol: [daɪ'kɑ:təmi]
zhuji: 【记】dicho2，tom切－切成两部分－二分；"
zhuji3000: 【根】 dich- [di-, two] + o + tom [cut] + -y [n.], cut into two → n. 一分为二,分割;分成两个 (阵营) → n. 对立
[注] 前缀di-表示“double [二] ”,和bi-含义相同
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position: (29, 5)

正面: dictate
definition: 【考法1】n. 指令,命令:a command by one in authority
[例] follow the dictates of my conscience 遵从我的良心准则‖The army must abide by the dictates of the new government. 军队必须服从新政府的命令。
[近] behest, charge, commandment, decree, direction, directive, edict, imperative, injunction, instruction, order
【考法2】vt.(仗着地位、权力)下令:to request the doing of by virtue of one's authority
[例] The general dictated that the terms of surrender be negotiated by his senior staff. 将军下令投降书中的若干条款由手下的高级将领进行讨论。
[近] call, decree, direct, impose, mandate, ordain, order, prescribe
[反] cancel, countermand, rescind 撤销命令
[派] dictator n. 独裁者
symbol: ['dɪkteɪt]
zhuji: 【记】dict讲话，命令；参：abdicate（v 退位；放弃）
zhuji3000: 【根】 dict [say] + -ate [v.], say (command) → vt. (仗着地位、权力) 下令
[注] dictate也作名词,表示指令、命令
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position: (29, 5)

正面: dike
definition: 【考法1】n. 堤坝,水坝:a bank usually of earth constructed to control or confine water
[例] An elaborate system of dikes was built to protect the lowlands from the relentless onslaught of the sea. 建立了一套精密复杂的堤坝系统,使低地不再受到海水的无情侵袭。
[近] dam, embankment, levee
【考法2】n. 水沟,水渠:a long narrow channel dug in the earth
[例] Water flowed along the dike to the small pond. 水沿着沟渠流入小池塘。
[近] ditch, gutter, trench
symbol: [daɪk]
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position: (29, 5)

正面: discreet
definition: 【考法1】adj.(言行)谨慎的:having or showing good judgment and restraint especially in conduct or speech
[例] He was very discreet, only saying what was necessary. 他是个十分谨慎的人,从来不说多余的话。
[近] intelligent, judicious, prudent
[反] imprudent, indiscreet, injudicious 不谨慎的
【考法2】adj. 不易察觉的:not readily seen or noticed
[例] With a discreet gesture, she signaled to her husband that she was ready to leave the party. 她用一个不起眼的手势向丈夫暗示准备离开聚会。‖follow at a discreet distance 远远地跟踪
[近] inconspicuous, invisible, unnoticeable, unobtrusive
[反] apparent, conspicuous, distinct, evident, manifest, noticeable, obvious, patent, visible 明显的
symbol: [dɪ'skri:t]
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position: (29, 5)

正面: disenchant
definition: 【考法】vt. 使清醒:to free from illusion
[例] If you thought that you could pass this course without doing any work, let me be the first to disenchant you. 如果你觉得你不做任何功课也能及格,那就让我做第一个让你清醒的人。
[近] disabuse, undeceive
[反] beguile, cozen, delude, dupe, fool, gull, hoax, hoodwink, misguide, misinform, mislead 诱骗
symbol: [ˌdɪsɪn't∫ænt]
zhuji: 【记】enchant（vt 施魔法；使迷惑）"
zhuji3000: 【根】 dis- [not, opposite of] + en- [in,使] + chant [sing], 使不进入咒语或被吸引的状态 → vt. 使清醒
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (29, 5)

正面: dishearten
definition: 【考法】vt. 使沮丧,使失去信心:to cause to lose spirit or morale
[例] We were greatly disheartened by the news that our grandmother was seriously ill. 听到祖母病重的消息,我们都很沮丧。
[近] chill, daunt, demoralize, discourage, dismay, dispirit, frustrate, unnerve
[反] embolden, encourage, hearten, nerve, steel 使大胆,鼓励
symbol: [dɪs'hɑ:rtn]
zhuji: 【记】dis离开，heart心：使灰心"
zhuji3000: 【根】 dis- [not, opposite of] + heart [heart, 信心] + -en [v. 使], 使没有信心 → vt. 使沮丧,使失去信心
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (29, 5)

正面: disprove
definition: 【考法】vt. 反驳,证明为假:to prove to be false or wrong
[例] Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe disproved any lingering notions that the earth is flat. 麦哲伦的环球旅行彻底反驳了任何残存的“地球是平的”的观念。
[近] belie, confound, confute, debunk, disconfirm, discredit, falsify, rebut, refute, shoot down
[反] confirm, establish, prove, validate, verify 证实,证明为真
symbol: [ˌdɪs'pru:v]
zhuji: 【记】prove（vt 证明；证实）"
zhuji3000: 【根】 dis- [opposite of] + prov [prove] + -e [v.], opposite of “prove”, prove to be false → vt. 证明为假,反驳
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (29, 6)

正面: distinctive
definition: 【考法1】adj. 完全不同的:being not of the same kind
[例] She seems to alternate between two distinctive hairstyles. 她的发型似乎在两种截然不同的样式中变换。
[近] disparate, dissimilar, distant, distinct, distinguishable, diverse, unalike, unlike
[反] identical, indistinguishable, same 相同的;alike, analogous, kindred, like, parallel, similar 相似的
[派] distinction n. 区别,差别
【考法2】adj. 特征性的,典型的:serving to identify as belonging to an individual or group
[例] Jerusalem has a distinctive Middle East flavor. 耶路撒冷有着典型的中东风情。
[近] characteristic, classic, diagnostic, discriminating, distinguishing, identifying, peculiar, symptomatic, typical
[反] atypical, uncharacteristic, untypical 非典型的
symbol: [dɪ'stɪŋktɪv]
zhuji3000: 【根】 di (s) - [apart] + stinct [stick] + -ive [a.], 可以 (用针刺从而) 分离的 → a. 完全不同的;特征性的,典型的
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position: (29, 6)

正面: doctrinaire
definition: 【考法】adj. 教条主义的,照本宣科的:given to or marked by the forceful expression of strongly held opinions
[例] A doctrinaire conservative, the columnist takes special delight in baiting liberals. 这个专栏作家是个谨遵教条的顽固保守主义者,他很享受挑衅那些自由主义者的感觉。
[近] dogmatic
[反] latitudinarian(宗教方面)能容纳不同意见的
symbol: [ˌdɑ:ktrə'ner]
zhuji: 【记】doctrine（n 教条）
zhuji3000: 【根】 doctrin [doctrine,教条,信条] + -aire [a.], (死守) 教条的 → a. 教条主义的,照本宣科的
[注] 后缀-aire还表示“具有某特点的人”,例如millionaire [n. 百万富翁] 就是“拥有一百万金钱的人”; doctrinaire还有名词含义“死信教条的人”,即“教条主义者”。
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position: (29, 6)

正面: domineer
definition: 【考法】vt. 专制统治:to exercise arbitrary or overbearing control
[例] Her husband and mother-in-law tyrannize her. 她生活在她丈夫和婆婆的高压统治下。
[近] tyrannize
[派] domineering adj. 专横的,盛气凌人的
symbol: [ˌdɑ:mə'nɪr]
zhuji3000: 【根】 domin [master] + -eer [n.], master → n. 专制统治
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position: (29, 6)

正面: drab
definition: 【考法】adj. 单调的,无聊的:characterized by dullness and monotony
[例] The new city hall turned out to be another drab pile of masonry for the town. 新的市政大厅结果又是城镇里一座单调无趣的砖瓦堆积物。
[近] arid, dreary, drudging, humdrum, jading, jejune, monochromatic, monotonous, pedestrian, ponderous, stale, stodgy, tedious, tiresome, wearisome
[反] absorbing, engaging, engrossing, gripping, interesting, intriguing, involving, riveting 令人感兴趣的
symbol: [dræb]
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position: (29, 6)

正面: dramatic
definition: 【考法】adj. 显著的,惹人注意的:striking in appearance or effect
[例] a dramatic drop in the temperature overnight 夜晚气温的显著下降
[近] arresting, bold, brilliant, catchy, conspicuous, flamboyant, prominent, remarkable, splashy, striking
[反] discreet, inconspicuous, invisible, subtle, unnoticeable, unobtrusive 不易引起注意的
[派] dramatically adv. 显著地
symbol: [drə'mætɪk]
zhuji3000: 【参】 drama [n. 戏剧], 戏剧性的 → a. 显著的,惹人注意的
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position: (29, 6)

正面: dread
definition: 【考法】n. 恐惧:great fear especially in the face of impending evil
[例] We were filled with dread when we saw the rapids we would be rafting down. 当我们看到竹筏驶向激流时,我们的内心被恐惧所占据。
[近] alarm, apprehension, consternation, fear, fright, horror, terror, trepidation
[反] bravery, courage, dauntlessness, fearlessness, fortitude, intrepidity, stoutness, valor 勇气,无畏
[派] dreadful adj. 令人恐惧的
symbol: [dred]
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position: (29, 6)

正面: duplicate
definition: 【考法1】['du:plɪkət] n. 复制品:either of two things exactly alike and usually produced at the same time or by the same process
[例] a duplicate of a house key 房间钥匙的复制品‖Your computer is almost a duplicate of mine. 你的电脑和我的几乎一模一样。
[近] copy, dupe, duplication, facsimile, imitation, mock, reduplication, replica, replication, reproduction
[反] archetype, original, prototype 原型
【考法2】['du:plɪkeɪt] vt. 复制:to make a copy of
[例] A cell duplicates itself when it divides. 当一个细胞分裂时,它会完全按着自己的样子复制。‖Art students are trying to duplicate paintings in the museum's collection as part of their training. 艺术生们正在努力临摹博物馆中的作品,作为他们训练的一部分。
[近] clone, copycat, imitate, reduplicate, render, replicate, reproduce
[反] originate 原创
[派] duplicable adj. 可模仿的
【考法3】vt. 重复,反复:to do over or again often needlessly
[例] We were unable to duplicate the experiment with the same result in our own lab, so we're suspicious. 我们不能在自己的实验室中重复之前的实验并得到相同的结果,因此我们很怀疑。
[近] redo, reiterate, renew, repeat
symbol: None
zhuji: 【记】du二，plic重叠一把一份变成重叠的两份一复制的
zhuji3000: 【根】 du- [double] + plic [fold] + -ate [v.], make double fold → n. 复制品 vt. 复制
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position: (29, 6)

正面: dynamic
definition: 【考法】adj. 有力量的,有活力的:marked by usually continuous and productive activity or change; energetic
[例] He has become a dynamic new challenger for the title of champion. 他成为了有望冲击冠军、有活力的新选手。‖a dynamic speech expressing her goals and values 宣扬她的目标和理念的慷慨激昂的演讲
[近] brisk, energetic, flush, forceful, gingery, kinetic, lusty, peppy, robust, sprightly, vital, vivacious
[反] dull, lethargic, listless, sluggish, torpid 无精打采的
symbol: [daɪ'næmɪk]
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position: (29, 6)

正面: eclectic
definition: 【考法】adj. 混合的,多元化的:composed of elements drawn from various sources
[例] The museum's eclectic collection has everything from a giraffe skeleton to medieval musical instruments. 博物馆里的展品丰富多样,从长颈鹿的骨架到中世纪的乐器都有。
[近] assorted, diverse, heterogeneous, indiscriminate, magpie, mixed, motley, piebald, ragtag, varied
[反] homogeneous, uniform 同一性的
symbol: [ɪ'klektɪk]
zhuji: 【记】ec出，lect＝select选一从各个地方选出的一折衷的；博采众长的
zhuji3000: 【根】 ec- [ex-, out] + lect [choose] + -ic [a.], choose out (from different sources) → a. 混合的,多元化的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (29, 7)

正面: efficacious
definition: 【考法】adj. 有效的:having the power to produce a desired effect
[例] Taking break with a cup of coffee while studying is one of the most efficacious ways of rejuvenating the mind that I have ever discovered. 在紧张的学习中休息一会,喝杯咖啡,是我发现的最能提神的方法之一。
[近] effective, effectual, efficient, fruitful, operative, potent, productive
[反] bootless, fruitless, ineffective, ineffectual, inefficient, inoperative, unproductive, useless 无效的
symbol: [ˌefɪ'keɪ∫əs]
zhuji3000: 【记】 effic [effect] + -acious [a. 多的], full of (desired) effects → a. 有效的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (29, 7)

正面: elude
definition: 【考法1】vt. 躲闪,躲避:to avoid adroitly
[例] manage to elude capture 成功躲过追捕‖The millionaire had been eluding his fair share of taxes for years before getting caught. 在被逮捕之前,这名百万富翁逃税已经有若干年了。
[近] avoid, dodge, duck, eschew, evade, finesse, scape, shirk, shun, sidestep, weasel
[反] confront 直面,面对
【考法2】vt. 使无法理解,使困惑:to escape the perception, understanding, or grasp of
[例] a metaphor that eluded them 一个让他们无法理解的比喻
[近] baffle, befog, befuddle, bewilder, confound, discombobulate, disorient, maze, mystify, perplex, puzzle, vex
[反] clarify, elucidate, explicate, expound, illuminate, illustrate 解释,阐明
[派] elusive adj. 隐秘的;难懂的
symbol: [i'lu:d]
zhuji: 【记】e出，lude玩－出去玩是为了逃避作业跟着我家小燕子玩，她会有elude一路的问题，所以要逃避
zhuji3000: 【根】 e- [ex-, out] + lud [play] + -e [v.], “play” out (of sight) , “玩捉迷藏” → vt. 躲闪,躲避;(含义) 躲闪 (以致无法理解) → vt. 使无法理解,使困惑
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position: (29, 7)

正面: enamored
definition: 【考法】adj. 迷恋的,热爱的:filled with an intense or excessive love for
[例] Many teenage girls became enamored of the movie idol for her boyish good looks. 很多年轻的女孩子因为该影星男性化的帅气面庞而对她深深迷恋。
[近] besotted, bewitched, captivated, crazy, dotty, enraptured, fascinated, infatuated, mad, nuts, obsessed
[反] apathetic, detached, indifferent, insouciant, nonchalant 无所谓的,冷漠的
symbol: [ɪ'næmərd]
zhuji: 【记】amour（n 奸情－不正当的男女关系；恋情）"
zhuji3000: 【根】 en- [in-, in] + am [love] + -or + -ed [a.], 进入喜爱的状态 → a. 迷恋的,热爱的
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position: (29, 7)

正面: endeavor
definition: 【考法1】n. 努力,奋斗:a conscientious or concerted effort toward an end
[例] We hope that this latest endeavor will yield much information about the atmosphere of the planet. 我们希望这最后一次的努力能够获取关于该行星大气层的大量信息。
[近] attempt, essay, striving, struggle, trial, undertaking
【考法2】vt. 努力做,拼搏:to devote serious and sustained effort
[例] endeavor to improve the quality of life in the inner city 努力改善市内的生活质量‖They endeavored to create a government that truly serves its people. 他们在努力地创立一个一心为人民服务的政府。
[近] assay, drudge, hustle, moil, plod, slave, strain, strive, sweat, seek, toil, travail, tug
[反] drop, quit 放弃
symbol: [ɪn'devər]
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position: (29, 7)

正面: enthrall
definition: 【考法】vt.(像用魔咒般)吸引:to hold the attention of as if by a spell
[例] Enthralled by the flickering aurora in the sky, we lost all track of time. 我们被夜空里变化莫测的极光深深地吸引,以至于忘却了时间。
[近] absorb, arrest, bedazzle, enchant, engross, fascinate, grip, hypnotize, immerse, mesmerize, spellbind
[反] bore, jade, pall, tire, weary 使厌恶,使厌倦
[派] enthralling adj. 吸引人的
symbol: [ɪn'θrɔ:l]
zhuji: 【记】thrall（n 奴隶；束缚）en thrall＝throw in：被扔进美女的手掌心－迷惑"
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position: (29, 7)

正面: equilibrium
definition: 【考法1】n. 均势,平衡:a condition in which opposing forces are equal to one another
[例] We must find an equilibrium between commercial development and conservation of our natural treasures. 我们必须在发展经济和保护自然资源之间找到一个平衡点。
[近] counterpoise, equilibration, equipoise, poise, stasis
[反] disequilibration, disequilibrium, imbalance, nonequilibrium, unbalance 不平衡
【考法2】n.(感情上的)平静:evenness of emotions or temper
[例] That stunning insult left me speechless, and several minutes passed before I recovered my equilibrium. 那个令人震惊的侮辱弄得我哑口无言,我花了好几分钟才使心情得以平静。
[近] aplomb, calmness, composure, countenance, imperturbability, placidity, repose, sangfroid, serenity, tranquillity
[反] agitation, discomposure, perturbation 不安,焦躁
symbol: [ˌi:kwɪ'lɪbriəm]
zhuji: 【记】equi平等，libr＝balance（v 平衡）－平衡
zhuji3000: 【根】 equ (i) [equal] + libr [秤, Libra天秤座] + -ium [n.], 相等的状态 → n. 均势,平衡;(情绪) 稳定不变, 平静 → n. (感情上的) 平静
[注] 词根libr表示“秤”,equilibrium指“秤的两端重量相等的状态”。deliberate [深思熟虑的] 是指经过了“秤 [lib (e) r] ”去权衡、掂量,其中前缀de-加强语气。类似的含义还有measured [深思熟虑的,谨慎的],calculated [经过计算 (成败得失) 的,经过深思熟虑的]。
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position: (29, 7)

正面: erroneous
definition: 【考法】adj. 错误的,不正确的:containing or characterized by error
[例] The news article about the new drug was filled with much erroneous information. 有关新药的新闻报道里充斥着大量的错误信息。
[近] inaccurate, incorrect, inexact, invalid, mistaken, unsound, untrue, untruthful, wrong
[反] accurate, correct, errorless, exact, precise, right, sound, true, valid, veracious 正确的,准确的
symbol: [ɪ'roʊniəs]
zhuji: 【记】err犯错误，差开正道，离题－错误的
zhuji3000: 【联】 erron [error] + e + -ous [a.], of error → a. 错误的,不正确的
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position: (29, 7)

正面: escort
definition: 【考法1】['eskɔ:rt] n. 护卫队,护送者:a person or group of persons accompanying another to give protection or as a courtesy
[例] The mayor served as the First Lady's escort for her tour of the city. 市长陪同第一夫人参观了城市。
[近] attendant, companion, guard, guide
【考法2】[ɪ'skɔ:rt] vt. 同行,护送:to go along with in order to provide assistance, protection, or companionship
[例] A senior student from the college escorted my parents and me on our tour of the campus. 来自学院的一个师兄陪同我和我父母参观了校园。‖a VIP escorted by an army of bodyguards and journalists 被一群保镖和记者包围的重要人物
[近] accompany, attend, chaperone, companion, company, convoy, squire
[反] abandon, desert, ditch, dump, forsake 抛弃,不顾
symbol: None
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position: (29, 7)

正面: ethos
definition: 【考法】n. 道德准则:the code of good conduct for an individual or group
[例] Rigorous self-discipline was central to the ethos of the ancient Spartans. 严格的自律是古代斯巴达人所尊崇的核心道德准则。
[近] ethics, morality, morals, norms, principles, standards
symbol: ['i:θɑ:s]
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position: (29, 7)

正面: exorcise
definition: 【考法】vt. 除去:to get rid of(something troublesome, menacing, or oppressive)
[例] Please exorcise that offensive word from your vocabulary. 请把那个粗鲁的词从你的字典里删掉。
[近] cashier, cast, ditch, dump, fling, jettison, lose, pitch, reject, scrap, shed, slough, throw, toss, unload
[反] adopt, employ, use, utilize 采用,使用
[派] exorcism n. 除魔,驱鬼
symbol: ['eksɔ:rsaɪz]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，sorc巫术－使出巫术－驱魔orc＝orca（n 魔鬼；兽人）ex出，or或者，cise切：屋里闹鬼，要不出去，要不就把他切了－驱魔
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position: (29, 8)

正面: explicate
definition: 【考法】vt. 解释,说明:to give a detailed explanation of
[例] The physicist did his best to explicate the wave theory of light for the audience of laymen. 物理学家尽其所能向一群非专业的听众解释了光的波动性理论。
[近] clarify, clear, construe, demonstrate, demystify, elucidate, explain, expound, illuminate, illustrate, interpret, simplify, unriddle
[反] obscure 使晦涩
[派] explication n. 解释
symbol: ['eksplɪkeɪt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ex- [out] + plic [fold] + -ate [v.], make “fold” out, 除去 (含义上的) 重叠 → vt. 解释,说明
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position: (29, 8)

正面: exterminate
definition: 【考法】vt. 根除,消灭:to get rid of completely usually by killing off
[例] We hope that the fumigant exterminates the whole colony of cockroaches, for any survivors may be resistant to any poison. 我们希望所有的蟑螂都能被这种杀虫熏剂根除,因为任何幸存者都可能产生抗药性。
[近] annihilate, decimate, efface, eradicate, expunge, extirpate, liquidate, obliterate, raze, sweep, wipe out
[反] conserve, preserve, protect 保护;rescue, save 拯救
[派] extermination n. 消灭
symbol: [ɪk'stɜ:rmɪneɪt]
zhuji: 【记】ex出，termin界限，范围，结束－从生存界限中出去＝使结束－灭绝
zhuji3000: 【根】 ex- [out, completely] + termin [end] + -ate [v.], end...out → v. 根除,消灭
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position: (29, 8)

正面: extrapolate
definition: 【考法】vt.(通过逻辑)推断:to form an opinion or reach a conclusion through reasoning and information
[例] We can extrapolate from past economic recessions the probable course of the current one. 通过以往经济衰退我们可以推断出本次危机的可能发展趋势。
[近] conclude, decide, deduce, derive, gather, judge, reason, understand
[反] conjecture, guess, speculate, surmise(无根据地)猜测,揣测
[派] extrapolation n. 推论
symbol: [ɪk'stræpəleɪt]
zhuji: 【记】extra外，pol放－从里往外放出想法－推断extra额外，pol＝poll投票－回忆一下申奥时的情景，第一轮投票没有结果，就要进行额外的投票－从已知推断或估计未知
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position: (29, 8)

正面: fabulous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 传说中的:based on, described in, or being a fable
[例] The city of Phoenix is named after a fabulous bird that every 500 years destroys itself with fire, only to rise again from its own ashes. 凤凰城的名字来源于传说中的一种鸟,它每隔500年会在火焰中自我毁灭,然后再从灰烬中重生。
[近] fabled, legendary
【考法2】adj. 幻想中的,不真实的:not real and existing only in the imagination
[例] a story of a fabulous land where the people know nothing of war and live together in perfect harmony 一个有关世外桃源的故事,当地的居民不知道战争为何物,和谐融洽地生活在一起
[近] chimerical, dreamy, illusory, phantom, unreal, visionary
[反] actual, existent, existing, real 真实存在的
【考法3】adj. 令人惊讶的,令人称奇的:causing wonder or astonishment
[例] the fabulous endurance of a marathon runner 马拉松参赛者令人惊讶的耐力
[近] amazing, astonishing, astounding, miraculous, portentous, prodigious, staggering, stunning, stupendous, sublime, wonderful
[反] common, ordinary 平常的,普通的
【考法4】adj. 极好的:extremely pleasing or successful
[例] We had a fabulous time on our vacation. 我们的假期赞极了。
[近] awesome, divine, fantastic, heavenly, marvelous, noble, prime, splendid, superb, superior, terrific
[反] atrocious, awful, execrable, lousy, pathetic, poor, rotten, terrible, wretched 极差劲的
symbol: ['fæbjələs]
zhuji: 【记】fable（n 寓言）－寓言的－难以置信的，传说的"
zhuji3000: 【根】 fabul [fable] + -ous [a.], like a fable, 传说般的 → a. 传说中的;幻想中的,不真实的;神话、传说的优点 → a. 令人惊讶的,令人称奇的;极好的
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position: (29, 8)

正面: fad
definition: 【考法】n.(短暂的)流行,时尚:a practice or interest that is very popular for a short time
[例] Once the fad for that kind of music had passed, nobody would have been caught dead listening to it. 一旦那种流派的音乐流行风刮过之后,就没有人会来听它出丑了。
[近] buzz, craze, enthusiasm, fashion, trend, vogue
[反] classic 经典;standard 标准
symbol: [fæd]
zhuji: 【记】fad很短暂，所以很快就会fade（vi 减弱下去；褪色；消失）
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position: (29, 8)

正面: fallible
definition: 【考法】adj. 可能出错的:tending or likely to be erroneous or capable of making an error
[例] They are only human and all too fallible. 他们都是人类,因此难免犯错。‖a hasty, fallible generalization 有可能出错的仓促结论
[近] errant
[反] fail-safe, foolproof, infallible, unfailing 万无一失的,不可能出错的
[派] fallibility n. 易错
symbol: ['fæləbl]
zhuji3000: 【根】 fall [false] + -ible [able], able/likely to be false → a. 可能出错的
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position: (29, 8)

正面: fanciful
definition: 【考法1】adj. 幻想中的,不真实的:not real and existing only in the imagination
[例] a fanciful tale of a monster in the woods 一个有关栖息在丛林中的怪兽的传说故事
[近] chimerical, fabulous, fantastic, fictional, fictitious, ideal, invented, mythical, notional, phantom, visionary
[反] actual, existent, existing, real 真实存在的
【考法2】adj. 不切实际的,荒谬的:conceived or made without regard for reason or reality
[例] She harbors the fanciful notion that she has a talent for singing. 她怀着一个不切实际的空想:她有着歌唱家的天赋。
[近] absurd, bizarre, crazy, foolish, insane, nonsensical, preposterous, unreal, wild
[反] realistic, reasonable 现实的,有理的
symbol: ['fænsɪfl]
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position: (29, 8)

正面: favoritism
definition: 【考法】n. 偏爱,偏袒:the showing of special favor
[例] Favoritism blinded the administrator to the benefits of the proposed system for distributing work. 偏袒使得经理无法意识到这一待讨论的分配系统所带来的收益。
[近] favor, one-sidedness, partiality, prejudice, tendentiousness
[反] impartiality, neutrality, objectivity, open-mindedness, unbiasedness 公平,公正
symbol: ['feɪvərɪtɪzəm]
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position: (29, 8)

正面: featureless
definition: 【考法】adj. 缺乏特征的:lacking distinguishing characteristics or features
[例] the featureless landscape of the steppe 大草原上缺乏特色的地貌
[近] beige, characterless, faceless, indistinctive, neutral, noncommital, vanilla
[反] diagnostic, discriminating, distinct, distinctive, distinguishing, identifying, peculiar, typical 特征的
symbol: ['fi:t∫ərləs]
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position: (29, 8)

正面: feisty
definition: 【考法】adj. 好斗的,好争论的:having or showing a lively aggressiveness
[例] At 66, she was as feisty as ever. 尽管已经66岁高龄,她还是一样好斗。
[近] aggressive, agonistic, assaultive, bellicose, belligerent, combative, contentious, disputatious, gladiatorial, militant, quarrelsome, truculent
[反] pacific, peaceful, peace-loving 热爱和平的
symbol: ['faɪsti]
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position: (29, 9)

正面: felony
definition: 【考法】n. 重罪:one of several grave crimes, such as murder, rape, or burglary, punishable by a more stringent sentence than that given for a misdemeanor
[例] a felony punishable by life imprisonment 可被判处无期徒刑的重罪
[近] crime
[反] misdemeanor, peccadillo 轻罪
symbol: ['feləni]
zhuji3000: 【联】 fel [fell, fall的过去式] + -ony [n.], fall, 落马,犯错误 → n. 重罪
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position: (29, 9)

正面: ferocious
definition: 【考法1】adj. 极端的,剧烈的:marked by unrelenting intensity
[例] Ferocious heat wave kept people indoor. 剧烈的热浪使人不能出门。
[近] dreadful, excruciating, explosive, fearsome, fierce, intensive, profound, vehement, violent
[反] light, moderate, soft 轻柔的
【考法2】adj. 激烈的,爆发性的:marked by bursts of destructive force or intense activity
[例] Ferocious forest fires threatened to destroy hundreds of homes in the scrubland. 肆虐的森林大火威胁着灌木丛林地中数百户居民的住所。
[近] cyclonic, explosive, furious, paroxysmal, rabid, stormy, tempestuous, tumultuous, turbulent, volcanic
[反] nonviolent, peaceable, peaceful 平静的,平和的
【考法3】adj. 凶猛的,残暴的:violently unfriendly or aggressive in disposition
[例] captured and slaughtered by the ferocious tribesmen 被残暴的部落居民所抓获并惨遭屠杀
[近] feral, grim, savage, vicious
[反] gentle, mild, unaggressive 温和的,不具攻击性的
[派] ferocity n. 凶猛,残暴
symbol: [fə'roʊ∫əs]
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position: (29, 9)

正面: fervent
definition: 【考法】adj. 充满感情的,热情洋溢的:exhibiting or marked by great intensity of feeling
[例] a fervent speech that called for tolerance and compassion for those who are physically challenged 一个充满热情的演说,它呼吁人们对残疾人持有一颗包容和同情的心
[近] ardent, demonstrative, fervid, flaming, glowing, impassioned, incandescent, passionate, perfervid, torrid, vehement, zealous
[反] cold, cool, dispassionate, emotionless, impassive, unemotional 冷漠的
symbol: ['fɜ:rvənt]
zhuji: 【记】ferv热；参：fever（v 发烧）
zhuji3000: 【根】 ferv [hot] + -ent [a.], 热情 → a. 充满感情的,热情洋溢的
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position: (29, 9)

正面: figment
definition: 【考法】n. 虚构的事物,幻觉:something made up or contrived
[例] Unable to find any tracks in the snow the next morning, I was forced to conclude that the shadowy figure had been a figment of my imagination. 第二天一早,我没有在雪地上发现任何足迹,由此我不得不相信昨晚幽灵一样的物体只是我的空想。‖Thus far, the invisible human being has been nothing more than a figment of fantasy writers. 到目前为止,隐形人还仅仅是玄幻小说作家笔下的构想。
[近] chimera, conceit, daydream, delusion, dream, fancy, fantasy, hallucination, illusion, phantasm, vision
[反] fact, materiality, reality 客观存在的事物
symbol: ['fɪgmənt]
zhuji: 【记】fig做－做出来的东西－虚构的东西"
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position: (29, 9)

正面: fitful
definition: 【考法】adj. 无规律的,缺乏周期的:having an erratic or intermittent character
[例] He drifted off into a fitful sleep. 他慢慢地陷入了时睡时醒的状态。
[近] aperiodic, casual, discontinuous, episodic, erratic, intermittent, irregular, occasional, sporadic, unsteady
[反] constant, continuous, incessant 持续不断的;periodic, regular, repeated 定期的
symbol: ['fɪtfl]
zhuji: 【记】fit（n 突然发作；痉挛；一阵adj 合适的；健康的vt 适合）"
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position: (29, 9)

正面: fleeting
definition: 【考法】adj. 稍纵即逝的,短暂的:lasting only for a short time; passing swiftly
[例] They have been waiting for more than 4 hours but caught only a fleeting glimpse of the movie star. 他们苦等了四个多小时,却最终只匆匆地瞟到了电影明星一眼。
[近] brief, ephemeral, evanescent, flash, fugitive, impermanent, passing, temporary, transient, transitory
[反] ceaseless, deathless, eternal, everlasting, immortal, lasting, permanent, perpetual, timeless 永恒的
symbol: ['fli:tɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】fleet（n 舰队；v 疾飞；掠过）
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position: (29, 9)

正面: forage
definition: 【考法】vi. 寻找:to make a search
[例] go foraging for change for the parking meter 寻找付停车费的零钱
[近] chase, hunt, pursue, quest, rummage, search
[反] ignore, neglect 忽视,忽略;conceal, hide 隐藏
[派] forager n. 为动物寻找饲料的人
symbol: ['fɔ:rɪʤ]
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position: (29, 9)

正面: forebode
definition: 【考法】v. 预示,预兆:to show signs of coming ill or misfortune
[例] That police car parked outside the house doesn't forebode well. 门外停着的那辆警车可不是什么好兆头。
[近] augur, predict, promise
[派] foreboding n. 预感,预兆
symbol: [fɔ:r'boʊd]
zhuji: 【记】fore前，bode（v 预示）－前兆
zhuji3000: 【根】 fore- [before] + bode [v. 预示], bode before → v.预示,预兆
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position: (29, 9)

正面: foreground
definition: 【考法】vt. 强调,重视:to indicate the importance of by centering attention on
[例] He repeatedly foregrounded his experience in international affairs in the course of his campaign for the presidency. 在竞选总统的过程中,他一再强调自己在处理国际事务方面的经验。‖The lionization of Vladimir Nabokov as one of North America's literary giants has thrown the spotlight on his peripheral activities and has thus served to foreground his efforts as an amateur entomologist. 弗拉基米尔·纳博科夫被追捧为北美的文学巨匠之一,这使得他的其他生活方面也受到关注,[例]如他想成为业余昆虫学家的努力被不断提及。
[近] accent, accentuate, emphasize, feature, highlight, illuminate, press, punctuate, stress
[反] de-emphasize, understate, play down 轻描淡写
symbol: ['fɔ:rgraʊnd]
zhuji3000: 【根】 fore- [before, 前面] + ground [地], (放在) 前面的地方 (与“作为background [背景]、陪衬”相反) → v. 强调,重视
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position: (29, 9)

正面: forfeit
definition: 【考法】n. 罚金:a sum of money to be paid as a punishment
[例] The forfeit for each baseball player involved in the brawl was $5,000. 参加打架的篮球运动员都受到了五千美元的罚款处理。
[近] damages, fine, forfeiture, mulct, penalty
[反] bonus, premium, prize 奖金
symbol: ['fɔ:rfət]
zhuji: 【记】for为了，feit＝feet脚－为了脚舒服，在和老江吃饭的时候，把鞋脱了，结果丧失了2年穿鞋的权力，处以2万元罚金，并剥夺政治权力终身。
zhuji3000: 【联】 for [for] + feit [doing], for doing (wrong) → n. 罚金
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position: (29, 10)

正面: forsake
definition: 【考法】vt. 彻底放弃,抛弃:to renounce or turn away from entirely
[例] Forsaking most of our possessions, we evacuated just before the hurricane struck. 我们抛下了绝大多数的财产,终于在海啸来袭之前撤离了。‖Her boyfriend has forsaken her. 她的男朋友将她抛弃了。
[近] abandon, desert, maroon, quit, renounce, strand
[反] reclaim 重新获得;hold, keep, retain, withhold 保留
[派] forsaken adj. 被抛弃的
symbol: [fər'seɪk]
zhuji: 【记】for，sake（n 理由；缘故）－为了某种缘故（比如出国）而放弃女友或男友＝forgo"
zhuji3000: 【联】 for + sake [shake], “shake (head) for…”, 摇动着头 → v. 彻底放弃,抛弃
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position: (29, 10)

正面: frosty
definition: 【考法1】adj. 寒冷的:having a low or subnormal temperature
[例] a frosty autumn that was a sign of the brutal winter that followed 一个极为寒冷的秋天,它预示着随之而来的、可能更加冷酷的冬季
[近] algid, arctic, bitter, chilling, coldish, cool, freezing, frigid, gelid, glacial, icy, nippy, numbing, polar, snappy
[反] ardent, blazing, burning, fervent, fervid, molten, roasting, scalding, scorching, searing, sultry, sweltering, torrid 炎热的
【考法2】adj. 无强烈感情的,冷淡的:lacking in friendliness or warmth of feeling
[例] She gave the telemarketer on the phone a frosty“No, thank you”and hung up. 她向电话那头的推销员冷冷地说了一句“不,谢谢”之后就挂掉了电话。
[近] antiseptic, apathetic, brittle, chilly, cold-blooded, frozen, indifferent, unfriendly, unsympathetic, wintry
[反] cordial, friendly, genial, hearty, sympathetic, warm, warm-blooded, warmhearted 友善的,热心的
symbol: ['frɔ:sti]
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position: (29, 10)

正面: gawky
definition: 【考法】adj.(举止)笨拙的:having or showing an inability to move in a graceful manner
[例] The pathetic gawky woman was once a lithe ballerina but got severely injured in a car accident. 这个可怜的步态笨拙的妇女本来是一名轻巧优雅的芭蕾舞女演员,但是在一次车祸中受了重伤。
[近] awkward, clumsy, gawkish, graceless, uncoordinated, ungainly
[反] agile, graceful, lithe, nimble 灵巧的,敏捷的;elegant 优雅的
[派] gawkiness n. 笨拙
symbol: ['gɔ:ki]
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position: (29, 10)

正面: germinate
definition: 【考法1】vi. 发芽:to begin to grow
[例] Some seed varieties germinate very quickly. 有一些种子的变异体能够迅速发芽。
[近] burgeon, shoot, sprout
[反] fade, flag, wilt, wither 枯萎
[派] germination n. 萌芽
【考法2】vi. 出现:to come into being
[例] A truly marvelous proof of this theorem germinated in his mind. 这个定理的一种绝妙证明方法浮现在他的脑海之中。
[近] develop, evolve, grow
[反] disappear, vanish 消逝,消失
symbol: ['ʤɜ:rmɪneɪt]
zhuji: 【记】germ（n 微生物；萌芽）
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position: (29, 10)

正面: glacial
definition: 【考法1】adj. 极冷的:extremely cold
[例] The air from the sea felt glacial. 海上的空气冷极了。
[近] algid, arctic, bitter, chilling, coldish, cool, freezing, frigid, frosty, gelid, icy, nippy, numbing, polar, snappy
[反] ardent, blazing, burning, fervent, fervid, molten, roasting, scalding, scorching, searing, sultry, sweltering, torrid 炎热的
【考法2】adj. 冷漠的,无感情的:devoid of warmth and cordiality
[例] The Duchess gave him a glacial look and moved on. 公爵夫人冷冷地看了他一眼,然后就继续上路了。
[近] antiseptic, apathetic, brittle, chilly, cold-blooded, frozen, indifferent, unfriendly, unsympathetic, wintry
[反] cordial, friendly, genial, hearty, sympathetic, warm, warm-blooded, warmhearted 友善的,热心的
symbol: ['gleɪsiəl]
zhuji: 【记】glaze（v 上釉；n 釉）和glacial都是光滑的
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position: (29, 10)

正面: glide
definition: 【考法】v. 轻松地行动,轻松地通过:to move or proceed smoothly, continuously, and effortlessly
[例] swans gliding over the lake 在湖面悠然划水的天鹅‖looking for a college course that he could just glide through 正在寻找一门他很容易就能通过的课程
[近] bowl, breeze, brush, coast, cruise, drift, roll, sail, skim, slide, slip, stream, sweep, whisk
[反] flounder, struggle 挣扎
symbol: [glaɪd]
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position: (29, 10)

正面: glower
definition: 【考法】vi. 怒目而视:to look or stare with sullen annoyance or anger
[例] Baseball fans glowered at their TVs as they watched their favorite team lose. 看着他们支持的球队输球,棒球迷们恶狠狠地盯着电视屏幕。‖He just glowered without speaking. 他一言不发地怒视着我。
[近] glare, gloom, lower, scowl
[反] beam, grin, smile 笑
symbol: ['glaʊər]
zhuji: 【记】glow（vi 发光；发热），er－眼睛发光地看一怒目而视"
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position: (29, 10)

正面: graft
definition: 【考法】vt. 移植,移接:to implant(living tissue)surgically or as if surgically
[例] The top layer of skin has to be grafted onto the burns. 顶层的皮肤需要被移植到烧伤的伤口上。‖graft old traditions onto the new ones 把老传统移植到新的习俗中
[近] implant, transplant
symbol: [græft]
zhuji: 【记】读：格拉夫（前网坛女王）嫁接给了阿加西，她爸曾逃税
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position: (29, 10)

正面: grit
definition: 【考法】n.(面对困难时所表现出来的)毅力:the strength of mind that enables a person to endure pain or hardship
[例] She was an athlete with true grit, continuing her training despite bad weather and an injury. 她是一个有着惊人毅力的真正的运动员,即便是在受了伤外加天气恶劣的情况下仍然坚持训练。
[近] backbone, constancy, fiber, grittiness, guts, intestinal fortitude, pluck, spunk
[反] cowardliness, cravenness, gutlessness, pusillanimity, spinelessness 懦弱
We often hear of people breaking down from overwork, but in nine cases out of ten they are really suffering from worry or anxiety.
我们常常听人说,人们因工作过度而垮下来,但是实际上十有八九是因为饱受担忧或焦虑的折磨。
——英国银行家 卢伯克.J.(John Lubbock, British banker)
录取院校:Harvard Graduate School of Education)
symbol: [grɪt]
zhuji: 【记】读great！（口：太牛了！）如果你有决心，勇气，我就会夸你great！源于词组grin and bear（苦笑着忍受）－要紧牙关"
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position: (29, 10)

正面: groggy
definition: 【考法1】adj. 虚弱的,(走路)不稳的:weak and unsteady on the feet or in action
[例] She was feeling a bit groggy when I saw her. 当我看到她的时候她显得有些走路不稳。
[近] rickety, rocky, shaky, unbalanced, unsound, unstable, unsteady, wobbly
[反] balanced, stable, steady, sound 平衡的,稳定的
【考法2】adj. 无法思考的,头脑不清的:not able to think or move normally because of being tired, sick, etc.
[例] I'm still a little groggy from my nap. 我还没完全从睡梦中清醒过来。‖The medicine sometimes makes patients groggy. 这种药偶尔会让病人感到头脑不清醒。
[近] dazed, dopey, muddleheaded, muzzy, punch-drunk, punchy, stupefied, zonked, zonked-out
[反] clearheaded, unconfused 头脑清楚的
symbol: ['grɑ:gi]
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position: (30, 1)

正面: grudge
definition: 【考法】n. 怨恨,仇恨:a feeling of deep-seated resentment or ill will
[例] There has been a grudge between the two families for years. 两家之间积怨已深。‖He has had a deep grudge against her ever since she snubbed him at the dance. 自从她在舞会上对他不理不睬之后,他就对她怀有深深的怨念。
[近] animosity, animus, antagonism, antipathy, bitterness, gall, hostility, jaundice, malice, rancor, resentment
[反] amity 和睦,友好
[派] grudging adj. 勉强的,不情愿的
symbol: [grʌʤ]
zhuji: 【记】grudge＝begrudge（被粗鲁的人乞讨－不愿意给－吝啬）
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position: (30, 1)

正面: grumble
definition: 【考法】vi.(尤指低声地)抱怨,埋怨:to complain in a surly manner; mutter discontentedly
[例] The governed will always find something to grumble about.(Crane Brinton)被统治者总能找到发牢骚的理由。——克莱恩·布林顿
[近] carp, croak, fuss, gripe, grouch, grouse, grump, moan, murmur, mutter, repine
[反] crow, delight, rejoice 感到高兴
symbol: ['grʌmbl]
zhuji: 【记】源于mutter（n /v 咕哝；嘀咕）rumble（v 隆隆声；低沉地说）读：grow ball－长成一个ball的形状，重200ton－粗鲁地抱怨
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position: (30, 1)

正面: halfhearted
definition: 【考法】adj. 不感兴趣的,不热情的:lacking heart, spirit, or interest
[例] a halfhearted attempt to clean the house before the arrival of the in-laws 在亲家到来前草草地收拾房间了事
[近] lukewarm, tepid, uneager, unenthusiastic
[反] eager, enthusiastic, keen, passionate, warm 充满热情的;hearty, wholehearted 全心投入的
symbol: [ˌhɑ:f'hɑ:rtɪd]
zhuji3000: 【根】 half [半] + heart [心] + -ed [a.], 不十分用心的 → a. 不感兴趣的,不热情的
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position: (30, 1)

正面: heckle
definition: 【考法】vt. 起哄,使难堪:to harass and try to disconcert with questions, challenges, or gibes
[例] a controversial singer who was constantly heckled by the fans 一个时常被粉丝起哄的有争议的歌手Several protesters were heckling the speaker at the rally. 不少示威者在集会上起哄让发言者难堪。
[近] badger, bait, hassle, haze, hector, needle, ride, taunt
symbol: ['hekl]
zhuji: 【记】heck读：黑客，le乐：黑客可以在别人的主页上嘲笑反对别人，使别人尴尬或生气，从而自己没事儿偷着le。
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position: (30, 1)

正面: hierarchical
definition: 【考法】adj. 分等级的,等级制的:classified according to various criteria into successive levels or layers
[例] the traditional hierarchical system of military organization 军队中传统的等级制度
[近] graded, graduated, ranked
[派] hierarchy n. 等级制度
symbol: [ˌhaɪə'rɑ:rkɪkl]
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position: (30, 1)

正面: hobble
definition: 【考法1】vi. 跛行,蹒跚而行:to walk or move along haltingly or with difficulty
[例] She picked up her cane and hobbled across the room. 她拿起了手杖,一拐一拐地穿过房间。
[近] falter, halt, limp, stagger, totter
[反] stride 大步走
【考法2】vt. 阻碍,妨碍:to hamper the action or progress of
[例] We were hobbled by the snowstorm from getting out to do some Christmas shopping. 暴风雪阻碍了我们圣诞购物的计划。
[近] encumber, fetter, handicap, hamper, hinder, impede, inhibit, manacle, obstruct, shackle, stymie, trammel
[反] aid, assist, facilitate 帮助
symbol: ['hɑ:bl]
zhuji: 【记】没有一个人的hobby（n 业余爱好）是hobble读：好ball－好一个ball把李洪志摔了一个狗吃屎（gaucherie n 笨拙），使他hobble了。"
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position: (30, 1)

正面: humdrum
definition: 【考法1】n. 千篇一律,单调:a tedious lack of variety
[例] She has been loathing the humdrum of daily life in a small town for a long time. 一直以来她对小城镇里一成不变的生活都感到厌倦。
[近] monotone, monotonousness, sameness
[反] diversity, variety 多样性
【考法2】adj. 无聊的,乏味的:lacking variety or excitement
[例] trapped in a humdrum but well-paid job 陷于无聊但是收入可观的工作之中
[近] arid, drab, dreary, drudging, jading, jejune, monochromatic, monotonous, pedestrian, ponderous, stale, stodgy, tedious, tiresome, wearisome
[反] absorbing, engaging, engrossing, gripping, interesting, intriguing, involving, riveting, thrilling 令人感兴趣的
symbol: ['hʌmdrʌm]
zhuji: 【记】hum（n 嗡嗡声），drum（n 鼓声）－嗡嗡的鼓声一单调的"
zhuji3000: 【联】 hum [嗡嗡] + drum [鼓声], 嗡嗡声和鼓声 → n. 千篇一律,单调 a. 无聊的,乏味的
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position: (30, 1)

正面: humiliate
definition: 【考法】vt. 羞辱,使丧失尊严:to reduce to a lower position in one's own eyes or others' eyes
[例] No student feels humiliated for not having the“right”clothes because everyone is wearing a school uniform. 因为所有学生都统一穿着学校的校服,所以没有人会因为“不正确”的衣着而感觉尊严扫地。‖He humiliated me in front of my parents and I swear to retaliate. 他在我的父母面前让我难堪,我发誓要报复他。
[近] abase, chasten, cheapen, debase, degrade, demean, discredit, disgrace, dishonor, shame, sink, smirch
[反] aggrandize, canonize, deify, elevate, exalt 使崇高
[派] humiliation n. 羞辱,蒙羞
symbol: [hju:'mɪlieɪt]
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position: (30, 1)

正面: hypothetical
definition: 【考法1】n. 假设,前提条件:something taken as being true or factual and used as a starting point for a course of action or reasoning
[例] He believes that predictions of the extinction of certain species as the result of global warming are based upon too many hypotheticals. 他认为所谓全球变暖会导致某些物种灭绝的说法基于过多的假设。
[近] assumption, given, postulate, premise, presumption, presupposition, supposition
[反] conclusion, consequence, deduction, induction, inference 结论
【考法2】adj. 假定的:existing only as an assumption or speculation
[例] We talked about what we would do in various hypothetical emergencies. 我们讨论了在各种假定的紧急情况下的对策。
[近] conjectural, speculative, supposed, suppositional
[反] actual, factual, real 事实的
symbol: [ˌhaɪpə'θetɪkl]
zhuji3000: 【根】 hypo- [under] + thet [put] + -ic + -al [a.], put under (as basis), (将未被证实的事物) 放在下面 (作为基础) → a. 假定的n. 假设,前提条件
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position: (30, 1)

正面: idiosyncrasy
definition: 【考法】n. 独特而奇怪的习惯:an odd or peculiar habit
[例] His only idiosyncrasy is his inveterate wearing of sneakers, even with business suits. 他唯一的怪癖就是无时无刻都穿着运动鞋——哪怕身上是西装革履。
[近] crotchet, eccentricity, individualism, mannerism, oddity, peculiarity, quirk, singularity, trick, twist
[反] conformity, sameness 合乎(礼节等),千篇一律
symbol: [ˌɪdiə'sɪŋkrəsi]
zhuji: 【记】idio个人的，特有的，syn共，同时，crasy混合－混合了个人特性的独特行为－特异性格
zhuji3000: 【联】 idio [idiot, 傻瓜] + syn- [together] + crasy [crazy], “傻和疯” → n. 独特而奇怪的习惯
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position: (30, 2)

正面: idle
definition: 【考法1】adj. 闲置的,未使用的:not turned to normal or appropriate use
[例] The car was idle for two weeks while they went on vacation. 因为他们出去旅行了,他们的车闲置了两周。
[近] dead, dormant, fallow, free, inert, inoperative, latent, unused, vacant
[反] active, alive, employed, functioning, operative, running, working 使用中的
【考法2】adj. 懒散的:shiftless, lazy
[例] an idle employee who always seems to be either on break or at lunch 一个懒散的员工似乎不是在休息就是在吃饭
[近] indolent, lazy, shiftless, slothful
[反] diligent, industrious 勤奋的
[派] idlly adv. 懒散地
【考法3】v. 懒散度日,无所事事:to pass(time)without working or while avoiding work
[例] idle the afternoon away 打发下午的时光
[近] dally, dillydally, drone, laze, loaf, loll, lounge
[反] drudge, grind, hustle, labor, moil, plod, slave, sweat, toil, travail, work(辛苦地)干活,工作
symbol: ['aɪdl]
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position: (30, 2)

正面: ill-bred
definition: 【考法】adj. 没有教养的,没有礼貌的:badly brought up or showing bad upbringing: impolite
[例] Only an ill-bred, conceited person would demand that everyone cater to his whims. 只有一个没有教养、狂妄自大的人才会要求所有人都去迎合他的想法。
[近] discourteous, disrespectful, impertinent, impolite, inconsiderate, rude, uncivil, ungracious, unmannerly
[反] civil, considerate, courteous, genteel, gracious, mannerly, polite, urbane, well-bred 有礼貌的,得体的
symbol: ['ɪl'bred]
zhuji3000: 【根】 ill [bad] + bred [养育breed的过去分词形式], badly bred up → a. 没有教养的,没有礼貌的
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position: (30, 2)

正面: illustrious
definition: 【考法】adj. 著名的,杰出的:well known and very distinguished
[例] the most illustrious scientists of the century 本世纪最为杰出的科学家
[近] distinguished, luminous, noble, notable, noteworthy, outstanding, preeminent, prestigious, redoubtable, signal
[反] average, inferior, mediocre 平凡的,较差的
symbol: [ɪ'lʌstriəs]
zhuji3000: 【根】 il- [in-, in] + lust (r) [light] + - (i) ous [a.], (人) 进入发光的状态,光彩照人 → a. 著名的,杰出的
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position: (30, 2)

正面: imperishable
definition: 【考法1】adj. 不能被摧毁的:impossible to destroy; not subject to decay
[例] Energy is imperishable. 能量本身是不能被毁灭的。
[近] inextinguishable
[反] destructible, extinguishable, perishable 可被毁灭的
【考法2】adj. 不朽的,永恒的:enduring or occurring forever
[例] My memories are within me, imperishable. 我的回忆已经和我融为一体,永恒不变。
[近] ageless, continuing, eternal, everlasting, immortal, lasting, perennial, perpetual, timeless, undying
[反] emphemeral, evanescent, fleeting, transient, transitory 稍纵即逝的
symbol: [ɪm'perɪ∫əbl]
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position: (30, 2)

正面: implicit
definition: 【考法1】adj. 不言而喻的,心照不宣的:capable of being understood from something else though unexpressed
[例] The implicit agreement among members of the outing club is that everyone pays his or her own way on all trips. 野外俱乐部成员之间一条心照不宣的约定就是:沿途所有开销都AA。
[近] implied, unexpressed, unspoken, unvoiced, wordless
[反] explicit, expressed, spoken, stated, voiced 明确声明的
【考法2】adj. 无疑问的,无保留的:being without doubt or reserve
[例] Members of the expedition must have implicit trust in their leaders. 远征队员必须百分之百信任他们的领队。
[近] assured, clear, confident, doubtless, positive, sanguine, sure
[反] doubtful, dubious, uncertain, unsure 不确定的,存有疑惑的
symbol: [ɪm'plɪsɪt]
zhuji: 【记】im进入，plic重叠－重叠在里面－含蓄的
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position: (30, 2)

正面: imposter
definition: 【考法】n. 冒名顶替者,骗子:one that assumes false identity or title for the purpose of deception
[例] The man who claimed to be my townsman turned out to be an impostor. 那个自称是我老乡的人结果是个骗子。
[近] charlatan, fake, fraud, hoaxer, humbug, mountebank, phony, pretender, quack, quacksalver, ringer, sham
symbol: [ɪm'pɑstər]
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position: (30, 2)

正面: impunity
definition: 【考法】n. 免责,免受处罚:exemption or freedom from punishment, harm, or loss
[例] She mistakenly believed that she could insult people with impunity. 她错误地认为她可以肆无忌惮地羞辱他人,不受处罚。
[近] exemption, immunity
[反] liability 责任
symbol: [ɪm'pju:nəti]
zhuji: 【记】punity＝penalty（n 处罚；罚款）
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position: (30, 2)

正面: incentive
definition: 【考法】n. 刺激,诱因:something that incites or has a tendency to incite to determination or action
[例] The handsome reward for the missing wallet was an incentive for me to start looking. 找到丢失钱包的可观报酬激励我展开搜寻。‖A little bonus will give employees an incentive to work harder. 一点点奖金就可以刺激雇员更加努力地工作。
[近] boost, goad, impetus, incitement, instigation, momentum, motivation, motive, provocation, spur, stimulant, stimulus, yeast
[反] deterrent, disincentive 抑制剂,阻碍物
symbol: [ɪn'sentɪv]
zhuji: 【记】in进入，cent＝cant唱，发声，ive－说服人做事－刺激
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in] + cent [cant, sing] + -ive [n.], 通过唱歌吸引 → n. 刺激,诱因
[注] 另一种解释,cent来自词根cand [点燃],candle [蜡烛] 就是“可以点燃的小东西”。进入点燃的状态 → 刺激,诱因
【联】 in- [in] + cent [美分,指钱] + -ive [n.], money inside → 刺激,诱因
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position: (30, 2)

正面: incumbent
definition: 【考法】adj. 义不容辞的,必须的:imposed as an obligation or duty
[例] It is incumbent upon individuals to sacrifice for their country when it is in danger. 当国家受难时,个人应该义不容辞地为国做出牺牲。‖It is incumbent upon the press to act not in its own best interests, but in society's best interests. 对于媒体来说,为社会的利益(而非自身利益)服务是其应尽的义务。
[近] compulsory, forced, imperative, involuntary, necessary, obligatory, peremptory, required
[反] elective, optional, voluntary 可选择的
symbol: [ɪn'kʌmbənt]
zhuji: 【记】in里面，cumb躺－躺在（职位）里面的人－在职者
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [on] + cumb [lie] + -ent [a.], lie on (duty), 位于 (职务) 的 → a. 义不容辞的,必须的
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position: (30, 2)

正面: indecorous
definition: 【考法】adj. 不合乎礼节的,不得体的:conflicting with accepted standards of good conduct or good taste
[例] How can you make such an indecorous joke for a solemn moment in the marriage ceremony? 你怎么能在庄严肃穆的结婚典礼上开那样一个不得体的玩笑呢?
[近] amiss, graceless, improper, inapposite, infelicitous, malapropos, perverse, unbecoming, unfit, unseemly, unsuitable, wrong
[反] appropriate, becoming, befitting, decorous, felicitous, fit, genteel, meet, proper, seemly, suitable 得体的,合乎礼节的
symbol: [ɪn'dekərəs]
zhuji: 【记】decorous（adj 有礼貌的）；décor（n 装饰）
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position: (30, 3)

正面: infraction
definition: 【考法】n. 违背,违犯:a failure to uphold the requirements of law, duty, or obligation
[例] Speeding is only a minor infraction, but vehicular homicide is a serious felony. 超速只是小的违章,但是用机动车故意杀人就是重罪了。
[近] breach, contravention, infringement, transgression, trespass, violation
[反] observance 遵守
symbol: [ɪn'fræk∫n]
zhuji3000: 【根】 in- [in] + fract [break] + -ion [n.], break in → n. 违背,违犯
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position: (30, 3)

正面: justify
definition: 【考法】vt. 证明…的合理性,为…辩解:to prove or show to be just, right, or reasonable
[例] fail to justify the need for a new expressway at this time 没能证明当前修建新的高速公路的合理性‖The storm warning justified his leaving early. 他的早退因为风暴预警而显得理所当然。
[近] excuse, rationalize, warrant
[派] justification n.(正当的)理由
symbol: ['ʤʌstɪfaɪ]
zhuji: 【记】源于：just（adj 正义的；公正的）
zhuji3000: 【联】 just [公正的, 正确的], justice [正义] → vt. 证明…的合理性,为…辩解
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position: (30, 3)

正面: lag
definition: 【考法1】adj. 最终的,最后的:following all others of the same kind in order or time
[例] We're now in the lag end of the project. 现在我们到了项目的尾声阶段。
[近] bottommost, closing, concluding, final, hindmost, last, latest, rearmost, terminal, terminating, ultimate
[反] beginning, earliest, first, foremost, inaugural, initial, maiden, opening, original, pioneer, primary 最初的
【考法2】vi. 缓慢行走:to proceed or develop with comparative slowness
[例] The tired puppy was lagging behind the rest of the pack. 疲倦的小狗在队伍的后面缓缓地走着。
[近] crawl, creep, dally, dawdle, dillydally, linger, loiter, poke, tarry
[反] blast, bolt, bustle, careen, career, dash, fly, hustle, rush, rustle, speed, whirl 疾行,快速行走
[派] lagging n. 延迟
【考法3】vi. 萎靡,失去活力:to lose bodily strength or vigor
[例] During the fourth quarter the whole team seemed to lag. 到了第四节整支队伍似乎都已经精疲力竭了。
[近] decay, droop, emaciate, fade, fail, languish, sink, waste, wilt, wither, mope
[反] convalesce, rally, rebound, recover, recuperate 康复,复原
symbol: [læg]
zhuji: 【记】身上长了两条lag，而不是leg所以走得比较慢－落后。
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position: (30, 3)

正面: lance
definition: 【考法1】n. 长矛,标枪:a weapon with a long straight handle and sharp head or blade
[例] The lance struck squarely on the knight's shield, knocking him from his horse. 标枪正中骑士的盾牌,将他掀于马下。
[近] javelin, pike, shaft, spear
[派] lancer n.(19世纪法国的)枪骑兵
【考法2】vt. 刺穿,刺破:to penetrate or hold(something)with a pointed object
[例] Doctors used to lance infected sores, so that they could drain clean. 以前医生会刺破受感染的疮,从而使脓液流出。
[近] gore, harpoon, jab, pierce, puncture, spike, stab, stick
symbol: [læns]
zhuji: 【记】读：烂撕－用长矛把鱼撕烂－鱼叉。"
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position: (30, 3)

正面: lax
definition: 【考法1】adj. 松弛的,不紧的,不严格的:not tense, firm, or rigid
[例] exercises to improve lax muscles 改善松弛的肌肉的锻炼‖The guidelines for the essay contest were fairly lax, permitting a wide variety of topics. 本次作文大赛的要求相对比较宽松,允许写多种类型的主题。
[近] flabby, flaccid, insecure, loose, loosened, relaxed, slackened, unsecured
[反] taut, tense, tight 紧固的,牢固的;hard, harsh, rigid, rigorous, severe, stern, strict 严格的
【考法2】adj. 懈怠的,漫不经心的:failing to give proper care and attention
[例] The university has been lax about enforcing these rules. 学校对于这些规定的施行显得漫不经心。
[近] careless, derelict, disregardful, heedless, lazy, neglectful, neglecting, negligent, remiss, slack
[反] attentive, careful, cautious, conscientious, heedful, mindful, vigilant, wary 注意的,留心的
symbol: [læks]
zhuji: 【记】源于：relax（v 放松）
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position: (30, 3)

正面: license
definition: 【考法1】n. 许可,认可:the approval by someone in authority for the doing of something
[例] The company is seeking license to operate several more power plants in the state. 公司正在寻求在国内多建造几个电厂的许可。‖A restaurant owner has to get a license to serve food and drink. 餐厅营业者必须获得食物和饮品的销售许可。
[近] allowance, authorization, clearance, concurrence, consent, empowerment, granting, sanction, warrant
[反] interdiction, prohibition, proscription 禁止
【考法2】n. 自由:the right to act or move freely
[例] Military commanders on the ground must be granted considerable license, as wars cannot be micromanaged by people back in Washington. 战地指挥官应该被赋予相当大的自由,因为一场战争只靠华盛顿的人是不可能打赢的,他们无法进行具体指挥。
[近] freedom, latitude, liberty
[反] confinement, custody, imprisonment 拘留,囚禁
【考法3】n. 放荡:disregard for standards of personal conduct
[例] a night of drinking and license at the nightclub 在夜店里放纵饮酒取乐的一夜
[近] debauchery, hedonism, libertinage, libertinism, licentiousness, profligacy, voluptuousness
[反] abstinence, asceticism, sobriety, temperance 节制,克制
【考法4】vt. 准许,授权使用:to permit or authorize especially by formal license
[例] A state statute licenses county sheriffs to choose their own deputies. 州法律允许郡上的司法长官选择自己的副手。‖licensed to use deadly force 获准使用致命火力
[近] accredit, certify, commission, empower, enable, invest, qualify, vest, warrant
[反] disqualify 取消资格;forbid, interdict, prohibit, proscribe, veto 禁止
symbol: ['laɪsns]
zhuji: 【记】一个人的特许太多就会有行为的自由。
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position: (30, 3)

正面: lionize
definition: 【考法】vt. 追捧,把…捧为名人:to look on or treat(a person)as a celebrity
[例] She was lionized everywhere after her novel won the Pulitzer Prize. 在她的小说获得普利策奖之后,她无论走到哪都受到追捧。
[近] aggrandize, canonize, deify, dignify, elevate, ennoble, enshrine, ensky, enthrone, glorify, magnify
[反] abase, degrade, demean, humble, humiliate 贬低,瞧不起
symbol: ['laɪənaɪz]
zhuji: 【记】lion狮子，ize－把人看作狮子－崇拜
zhuji3000: 【记】 lion [狮子] + -ize [v.], 将…视为 (或使成为) “狮子” [西方的百兽之王, 引申为重要的人] → v. 追捧,把…捧为名人
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position: (30, 3)

正面: ludicrous
definition: 【考法】adj. 荒唐的,可笑的:meriting derisive laughter or scorn as absurdly inept, false, or foolish
[例] He made a ludicrous and easily detected attempt to forge his father's signature on a note to school. 他试图在要上交学校的纸条上伪造父亲的签名,这实在是既可笑又容易被发现的花招。
[近] absurd, comical, derisive, derisory, farcical, laughable, ridiculous, pathetic, preposterous, risible, silly
[反] logical, rational, reasonable, sensible 有道理的
symbol: ['lu:dɪkrəs]
zhuji: 【记】lud＝lude玩，ous多－玩儿的东西很多－可笑的
zhuji3000: 【根】 lud [play] + -ic + r + -ous [a.], play (jokes) , “开玩笑” → a. 荒唐的,可笑的
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position: (30, 3)

正面: luminous
definition: 【考法1】adj. 发光的,有光泽的:emitting or reflecting usually steady, suffused, or glowing light
[例] The luminous moon bathed the snow-covered fields with a pearly glow. 在明亮的月光下,雪地仿佛被罩上了一层珍珠般的光晕。
[近] beaming, bright, candescent, dazzling, effulgent, glowing, incandescent, lambent, lucent, lucid, lustrous, radiant, refulgent, shiny, splendid
[反] dim, dull, lackluster 黯淡无光的
[派] luminosity n. 发光;亮度
【考法2】adj. 杰出的,重要的:standing above others in rank, importance, or achievement
[例] some of the most luminous writers in the nation's history 该国历史上最杰出的一批作家
[近] astral, brilliant, distinguished, illustrious, notable, noteworthy, preeminent, prestigious, redoubtable, signal
[反] average, inferior, mediocre 一般的,中庸的
symbol: ['lu:mɪnəs]
zhuji3000: 【根】 lumin [light] + -ous [a.], of light → a. 发光的,有光泽的;人发光,光芒四射 → a. 杰出的,重要的
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position: (30, 3)

正面: lurid
definition: 【考法1】adj. 恐怖的,令人反感的:causing horror or revulsion
[例] We quickly drove past the lurid scene of the crash. 我们迅速驶过了可怕的车祸现场。
[近] appalling, atrocious, dreadful, frightful, ghastly, gruesome, hideous, horrid, horrific, macabre, monstrous, nightmarish
[反] agreeable, appealing, delicious, delightful, enjoyable, enticing, inviting, pleasant, satisfying 令人愉悦的
【考法2】adj. 面色苍白的,病态的:wan and ghastly pale in appearance
[例] The doctor was alarmed by the patient's lurid complexion. 病人惨白的面色给医生敲响了警钟。
[近] ashen, ashy, blanched, cadaverous, doughy, livid, mealy, paled, pallid, pasty, peaked, wan
[反] blooming, florid, flush, full-blooded, glowing, rosy, rubicund, ruddy, sanguine 红润的,健康的
symbol: ['lʊrɪd]
zhuji: 【记】lu露，rid＝red红色：露出红色"
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position: (30, 4)

正面: machination
definition: 【考法】n. 诡计:a scheming or crafty action or artful design intended to accomplish some usually evil end
[例] The incredibly complicated machination to assassinate the president inevitably failed. 刺杀总统的诡计极其复杂,最终不可避免地失败了。
[近] conspiracy, design, intrigue, plot, scheme
symbol: [ˌmæ∫ɪ'neɪ∫n]
zhuji3000: 【联】 machine, 机器“构造精巧” → n. 诡计
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position: (30, 4)

正面: madcap
definition: 【考法1】n. 热爱冒险的人:a person who seeks out very dangerous or foolhardy adventures with no apparent fear
[例] an incorrigible madcap who loves drag racing and white-water rafting 一个热爱飙车和激流竹筏的无药可救的冒险狂
[近] daredevil, madman
【考法2】adj. 大胆的,鲁莽的:behaving or acting impulsively or rashly; foolishly adventurous or bold
[例] They switched from one madcap scheme to another. 他们从一个鲁莽的方案换到了另一个。
[近] audacious, bold, brash, daredevil, overbold, overconfident, reckless, temerarious
[反] careful, cautious, circumspect, guarded, heedful, prudent, wary 谨慎的,小心的
symbol: ['mædkæp]
zhuji3000: 【根】 mad [mad] + cap [head], mad head, 头脑狂热,褒义 → n. 热爱冒险的人;头脑疯狂的,贬义 → a. 大胆的,鲁莽的
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position: (30, 4)

正面: magnitude
definition: 【考法1】n. 重要,重大:greatness in significance or influence
[例] The magnitude of the issue is severely underestimated. 这个事件的重要性被严重低估了。
[近] account, consequence, importance, moment, momentousness, significance, weight, weightiness
[反] insignificance, littleness, puniness, slightness, smallness, triviality 不重要
【考法2】n. 巨大:greatness in size or extent
[例] The mountain's sheer magnitude usually leaves tourists speechless. 巨大的山脉往往让旅游者哑口无言。
[近] enormousness, giantism, gigantism, hugeness, immenseness, massiveness, prodigiousness, vastness
[反] diminutiveness, minuteness, tininess 微小
symbol: ['mægnɪtu:d]
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position: (30, 4)

正面: malevolent
definition: 【考法】adj. 恶意的,恶毒的:having, showing, or arising from intense often vicious ill will, spite, or hatred
[例] The novel grossly oversimplified the conflict as a struggle between relentlessly malevolent villains on one side and faultless saints on the other. 小说把这场冲突彻底简化成凶残恶毒的坏人和完美无瑕的圣人间的斗争。
[近] cruel, despiteful, evil, malicious, malign, malignant, mean, nasty, spiteful, vicious, virulent
[反] benevolent, benign, benignant 善意的,和善的
[派] malevolence n. 恶意,恶毒
symbol: [mə'levələnt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 mal (e) - [bad] + vol [will] + -ent [a.], bad will → a. 恶意的,恶毒的
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position: (30, 4)

正面: malignant
definition: 【考法】adj. 恶毒的,邪恶的:having or showing a desire to cause someone pain or suffering for the sheer enjoyment of it; disposed to do evil
[例] She has a malignant wish to poison everyone who was smarter, richer, or better-looking than she was. 她有一个恶毒的愿望,那就是毒死所有比她聪明、有钱或者是比她更漂亮的人。
[近] atrocious, brutal, cruel, despiteful, malevolent, malicious, malign, mean, nasty, spiteful, vicious, virulent
[反] benevolent, benign, benignant 慈善的,和蔼的;merciful 仁慈的
symbol: [mə'lɪgnənt]
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position: (30, 4)

正面: maneuver
definition: 【考法】vt. 巧妙地操纵:to guide with adroitness and design or to bring about or secure as a result of skillful management
[例] They maneuvered him into signing the contract. 他们巧妙地诱使他签下合同。‖The host maneuvered the conversation so as to avoid the touchy subject of her divorce. 主人巧妙地控制着对话的内容,以避免触及有关她离婚的敏感话题。
[近] contrive, finagle, finesse, frame, machinate, manipulate, mastermind, negotiate, wangle
[反] botch, bungle, fumble, mishandle, muff, scamp, mess up 弄砸
symbol: [mə'nu:vər]
zhuji3000: 【根】 来自词根man, 表示用手 (操纵) → v. 巧妙地操纵
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position: (30, 4)

正面: marginal
definition: 【考法1】adj. 边缘的:located at or near a border
[例] Marginal locations in the open-air market are a bit cheaper. 露天市场边缘的地段通常都要便宜些。
[近] frontier
[反] interior 内部的
【考法2】adj. 不重要的:not of central importance
[例] regard violence as a marginal rather than a central problem 并不把暴力问题当作重要的核心问题来看
[近] inconsequential, inconsiderable, insignificant, minor, minute, negligible, nugatory, slight, trifling, trivial
[反] consequential, eventful, important, meaningful, momentous, significant, substantial, weighty 重要的
symbol: ['mɑ:rʤɪnl]
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position: (30, 4)

正面: meditate
definition: 【考法】vt. 思索,沉思:to focus one's thoughts on
[例] meditate a visit to her professor 思索着去拜访她的导师‖I have been meditating a career change for months. 我这几个月一直在考虑换一个工作。
[近] cogitate, consider, contemplate, deliberate, mull, perpend, ponder, ruminate, study, weigh, wrestle
[反] disregard, ignore, overlook, slight 忽视
[派] meditation n. 沉思
symbol: ['medɪteɪt]
zhuji: 【记】med中间，it它，ate吃：在吃饭的中途还想着它－沉思。"
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position: (30, 4)

正面: menial
definition: 【考法1】n. 仆人,奴仆:a servant, especially a domestic servant
[例] Immigrants to that country faced fierce prejudice and could expect to find work only as menials. 前往那个国家的移民遭到了严重的歧视,他们也许只能找到仆人一类的工作。
[近] domestic, retainer, steward
[反] lord, master, mistress 主人
【考法2】adj. 卑贱的,低下的:showing, expressing, or offered in a spirit of humility or unseemly submissiveness
[例] low-paid menial jobs such as cleaning the street 一些低收入的卑贱工作,比如扫大街
[近] base, humble, lowly, servile, slavish, subservient
[反] arrogant, haughty, imperious, lordly, supercilious, superior 自大的,狂妄的
symbol: ['mi:niəl]
zhuji3000: 【根】 men [min, small] + -ial [a.&n.], 渺小的, 卑微的 → a. 卑贱的,低下的;卑微的人 → n. 仆人,奴仆
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position: (30, 4)

正面: meretricious
definition: 【考法】adj. 艳俗的,俗气的:attracting attention in a vulgar manner
[例] The paradise they found was no more than a meretricious wasteland of casinos and bars. 他们发现的所谓“天堂”只不过是一块有着赌场和酒吧的俗气不堪的荒漠罢了。
[近] flamboyant, flaring, flashy, garish, gaudy, glaring, loud, ostentatious, tawdry
[反] conservative, quiet, understated, unflamboyant 低调的,不张扬的
symbol: [ˌmerə'trɪ∫əs]
zhuji: 【记】mere＝merry，tri＝try，cious：想努力结婚的人－华而不实的。"
zhuji3000: 【联】 mere [merely] + tric [trick] + - (i) ous [a.], 只不过是通过技巧 → a. 艳俗的,俗气的
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position: (30, 5)

正面: milieu
definition: 【考法】n. 环境,氛围:the physical or social setting in which something occurs or develops
[例] Young, innovative artists thrive in the freewheeling milieu that a big city offers. 在大都市所提供的自由氛围中,年轻而富有创造力的艺术家们在事业上蓬勃发展。‖a historical milieu conducive to democracy 有助于民主制度的历史背景
[近] ambient, atmosphere, climate, context, environment, environs, medium, setting, surroundings, terrain
symbol: [mi:'ljɜ:]
zhuji: 【记】mi中间，lieu地方－在一个地方之中－环境mili拼音：米粒－环顾四周的环境找米粒。"
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position: (30, 5)

正面: military
definition: 【考法】adj. 军事的,军用的:of or relating to soldiers, arms, or war
[例] NATO struggles with how to proceed military operation against Libya. 北约就如何延续针对利比亚的军事行动出现了内部分歧。‖an encyclopedia of modern military aircraft 现代军用飞行器百科全书
[近] martial, service
[反] civilian 民用的
symbol: ['mɪləteri]
zhuji: 【记】mili米粒，吃米粒长大的人－军人
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position: (30, 5)

正面: misapprehension
definition: 【考法】n. 错误的理解、判断:a failure to understand correctly; a wrong judgement
[例] tried to eliminate all misapprehensions about the planned riverfront development 尽可能消除所有关于河流沿岸发展计划的误解‖a common misapprehension about how our language functions 有关我们的语言如何运作的常见误判
[近] incomprehension, misconstruction, misconstruing, misimpression, misinterpretation, misknowledge, misreading, misunderstanding, miscalculation, misjudging, misjudgment, misstep, slip, slipup
symbol: [ˌmɪsæprɪ'hen∫n]
zhuji3000: 【根】 mis- [wrongly] + ap- [ad-, to] + prehens [seize] + -ion [n.], to seize (meaning) wrongly, compre-hension by mistake → n. 错误的理解、判断
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position: (30, 5)

正面: monarch
definition: 【考法1】n. 君主,帝王:one who rules over a people with a sole, supreme, and usually hereditary authority
[例] The ruling monarch of Britain at that time was Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ. 伊丽莎白一世是当时英国的君主。
[近] autocrat, lord, potentate, ruler, sovereign
【考法2】n. 巨头,大亨:a person of rank, power, or influence in a particular field
[例] the reigning monarchs of the recording industry 唱片业的巨头们
[近] baron, captain, king, lion, lord, magnate, mogul, prince, tycoon
[反] nobody, nothing, zero 不起眼的人物
[派] monarchy n. 君主体制
symbol: ['mɑ:nərk]
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position: (30, 5)

正面: monopolize
definition: 【考法】vt. 垄断,主宰:to have complete control over
[例] They are virtually monopolizing the market. 他们实际上已经垄断了整个市场。‖To their surprise it was the vice president who monopolized the conversation. 令他们惊讶的是,主导整个谈话的居然是副总裁。
[近] control, dominate, govern, reign, rule, sew up
[派] monopoly n. 垄断,垄断权
symbol: [mə'nɑ:pəlaɪz]
zhuji3000: 【联】 mono- [single] + pol (y) [多] + -ize [v.], 一个人 (拥有资源) 多 → v. 垄断,主宰
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position: (30, 5)

正面: nirvana
definition: 【考法1】n. 彻底放松的状态:a state of being disregardful or unconscious of one's surroundings, concerns, or obligations
[例] The spa experience was a week of pure nirvana. 去做了一周的温泉水疗,这种经历真是彻底的放松。
[近] forgetfulness, obliviousness
[反] alertness, awareness, cognizance, consciousness 警觉,知觉
【考法2】n. 天堂,极乐世界:an often imaginary place or state of utter perfection and happiness
[例] They believe in a continuous cycle of births and deaths until the soul is perfected and achieves nirvana. 他们相信生命会不断轮回,直到灵魂变得完美并升入天堂。
[近] empyrean, fantasyland, heaven, lotusland, utopia
[反] hell, inferno 地狱
symbol: [nɪr'vɑ:nə]
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position: (30, 5)

正面: nostalgia
definition: 【考法1】n. 思乡之情:the state of being homesick
[例] Overwhelmed by nostalgia, she started to cry. 被思乡之情淹没的她开始啜泣。
[近] homesickness
【考法2】n. 怀旧,怀念:a wistful or excessively sentimental yearning for return to or of some past period or irrecoverable condition
[例] He felt a wave of nostalgia for the life he had left behind him. 他开始怀念往昔的时光。
[近] reminiscence
[反] oblivion 遗忘
[派] nostalgic adj. 怀旧的
symbol: [nə'stælʤə]
zhuji: 【记】nost家，alg痛，ia一想家就痛的病
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position: (30, 5)

正面: notoriety
definition: 【考法1】n.(尤指因为丑闻而出名的)名人:a person who is widely known and usually much talked about, especially for something bad; a notorious person
[例] a television show featuring notorieties from 20 years of scandals 以二十年来因各色丑闻而出名的名人为卖点的电视节目
[近] figure, icon, luminary, megastar, name, notable, personage, standout, star, superstar
[反] nobody, noncelebrity 不知名的人
【考法2】n. 坏名声:the quality or condition of being notorious; ill fame
[例] She gained notoriety when nude photographs of her appeared in a magazine. 她的裸照出现在杂志上让她“声名远播”。‖His comment about the President has given him a notoriety that he enjoys very much. 他对于总统的评论让他获得了很让他满意的“名声”。
[近] infamy, obloquy, odium, opprobrium
[反] anonymity, oblivion, obscurity 不知名,默默无闻;celebrity, fame, renown, repute 好名声
symbol: [ˌnoʊtə'raɪəti]
zhuji3000: 【根】 not [note, v. 注意] + -or + i (e) ty [n.], (因为丑闻) 被别人注意,被别人知道 → n. (尤指因为丑闻而出名的) 名人;坏名声
[注] 反义词fame [n. 好名声],词根not表示“know, notice”
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position: (30, 5)

正面: nourish
definition: 【考法1】vt. 养育,抚养:to provide with food or other substances necessary for life and growth
[例] He willingly nourished a child that was not his own. 他主动抚养了一名不是他亲生的孩子。
[近] breed, foster, nurse, nurture, raise, rear
【考法2】vt. 培养,促进:to help the growth or development of
[例] a friendship nourished by trust 在信任的基础之上开出的友谊之花
[近] advance, cultivate, encourage, forward, further, incubate, promote
[反] discourage, frustrate, hinder, inhibit 阻碍,妨碍
symbol: ['nɜ:rɪ∫]
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position: (30, 5)

正面: novice
definition: 【考法】n. 新手,初学者:a person new to a field or activity
[例] a novice chess player 象棋初学者
[近] apprentice, colt, fledgling, freshman, greenhorn, neophyte, newcomer, recruit, rook, tenderfoot, tyro, virgin
[反] doyen, maven, veteran 有经验的人
symbol: ['nɑ:vɪs]
zhuji: 【记】原指：一个已加入某种宗教但还没有最后宣誓的人no没有，vice（n 恶习）：没有恶习的人－新手"
zhuji3000: 【根】 nov [new] + -ice [n.] → n. 新手,初学者
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position: (30, 6)

正面: nullification
definition: 【考法】n.(尤指法律条文等正式的)废除,废弃:the doing away with something by formal action
[例] the nullification of a treaty 废除条约
[近] abolishment, abrogation, annulment, cancellation, invalidation, negation, repeal, rescindment, voiding
[反] enactment, legislation 立法;establishment, founding, institution 建立
symbol: [ˌnʌlɪfi'keɪ∫n]
zhuji3000: 【根】 null [空, none] + i + fic [make] + -at (e) + -ion [n.],make...none → n. (尤指法律条文等正式的) 废除,废弃
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position: (30, 6)

正面: numb
definition: 【考法1】adj. 失去感觉的:devoid of sensation especially as a result of cold or anesthesia
[例] I have been sitting in the same position for too long and now my feet are numb. 我一个姿势坐得太久,以至于双腿都发麻了。
[近] asleep, benumbed, dead, insensitive, numbed, torpid, unfeeling
[反] feeling, sensible, sensitive 有感觉的
【考法2】adj. 麻木的,无感情的:devoid of emotion
[例] Apparently in shock, he answered the police officer's questions with a numb expression on his face. 他显然是受到了惊吓,在回答警官的问题时一脸茫然。‖Years of physical and emotional abuse had rendered the woman numb and withdrawn. 长年累月的肉体和精神上的折磨已让她麻木而寡言。
[近] affectless, apathetic, catatonic, deadpan, emotionless, impassible, passionless, phlegmatic, stoic, stolid
[反] demonstrative, emotional, fervent, fervid, impassioned, passionate, vehement 充满感情的
symbol: [nʌm]
zhuji: 【记】numb拼音：牛mb，你一拳就能把对手打麻木，真牛mb。
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position: (30, 6)

正面: oaf
definition: 【考法】n. 愚蠢的人:a stupid person
[例] Anyone who took him for an oaf and tried to cheat him would be in for a nasty surprise. 任何把他当成傻子然后想借机欺骗他的人就等着大吃一惊吧。
[近] airhead, dolt, dope, dullard, dumbhead, fool, idiot, imbecile, moron, simpleton
[反] brain, intellectual, sage, wit 智者;genius, prodigy 天才
symbol: [oʊf]
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position: (30, 6)

正面: observant
definition: 【考法1】adj. 警惕的,警觉的:paying close attention usually for the purpose of anticipating approaching danger or opportunity
[例] Good reporters are keenly observant of everything around them. 优秀的记者应该对身边所有的事情都保持高度的警惕。‖If you were more observant, you would perceive that something is troubling her deeply. 如果你能再警觉一些的话,你就会发现她正被某些东西困扰。
[近] alert, attentive, awake, cautious, sharp, vigilant, watchful
[反] careless, heedless, inattentive, unmindful, unthinking, unwary 不谨慎的
【考法2】adj. 严格遵守(规章、制度或原则)的:diligent in observing a law, custom, duty, or principle
[例] observant of the speed limit 严格遵守速度限制‖pious and religiously observant families 虔诚而严守教规的家庭
[近] law-abiding
[派] observance n. 遵守(规定)
symbol: [əb'zɜ:rvənt]
zhuji3000: 【记】 observ (e) [keep watching] + -ant [a.], keep watching → a. 警惕的,警觉的;严格遵守 (规章、制度或原则) 的
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position: (30, 6)

正面: obsolete
definition: 【考法】adj. 过时的,被淘汰的:no longer in use or no longer useful
[例] I was told my old printer was obsolete and I couldn't get replacement parts. 我被告知我的打印机已经被淘汰了,因此无法更换配件。‖an obsolete word 一个已经废弃不用的单词
[近] antiquated, archaic, dated, fossilized, medieval, moribund, moth-eaten, outdated, outmoded, outworn, prehistoric, rusty
[反] contemporary, current, modern, recent 当前的,现代的
symbol: [ˌɑ:bsə'li:t]
zhuji: 【记】ob不，solete用一不再用一过时的"
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position: (30, 6)

正面: onset
definition: 【考法1】n. 攻击,进攻:attack, assault
[例] withstand the onset of the army 抵挡住了敌人军队的进攻
[近] aggression, assault, charge, offense, onslaught, raid, rush, strike
[反] defense 防御
【考法2】n. 起始,开始:the point at which something begins
[例] If you take enough vitamin C at the onset of a cold, you'll probably recover faster. 如果你感冒刚一开始就服用足量的维生素C,你可能会康复得更快。
[近] alpha, baseline, commencement, dawn, genesis, inception, kickoff, launch, nascence, outset, threshold
[反] close, conclusion, end, ending, omega, termination 结束
symbol: ['ɑ:nset]
zhuji3000: 【根】 on + set, 词组set on → v. 攻击,进攻;起始,开始
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position: (30, 6)

正面: ordeal
definition: 【考法】n. 严峻的考验:a severe trial or experience
[例] The hikers were finally rescued after a three-day ordeal in the wilderness. 在野外度过了三天的严峻考验之后,登山者们终于获救了。
[近] calvary, crucible, fire, gauntlet
[反] delight, enjoyment, pleasure 令人愉快的事物
symbol: [ɔ:r'di:l]
zhuji: 【记】or或许，deal交易：或许可以交易，也有不交易的危险－考验你的忍耐力。"
zhuji3000: 【联】 or (acle) [神谕] + deal [处理], 处境只能听从神的决议,(只能) 听天由命 → n. 严峻的考验
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position: (30, 6)

正面: ostensible
definition: 【考法】adj. 表面上的,佯装的:appearing to be true on the basis of evidence that may or may not be confirmed
[例] It must be the ostensible reason for their visit while their actual motives may be malignant. 这肯定只是他们上门拜访的表面原因,他们背后的动机说不定恶劣至极。
[近] apparent, assumed, evident, ostensive, presumed, putative, reputed, seeming, supposed, prima facie
[反] actual, real 真实的
[派] ostensibly adv. 表面上
symbol: [ɑ:'stensəbl]
zhuji3000: 【根】 os- [toward] + tens [stretch] + -ible [a.], stretch toward (others), pretend [stretch before others] → a. 表面上的,佯装的
[注] 前缀os-是ob-的变体,object [目标] 就是打靶时“throw [ject] toward [ob-] ”的地方。
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position: (30, 6)

正面: outgrowth
definition: 【考法】n. 结果,后果:a condition or occurrence traceable to a cause
[例] Crime is often an outgrowth of poverty. 犯罪往往可以归因于贫穷。‖A predictable outgrowth of the suburb's ever growing population will be the need for more schools. 郊区人口攀升所导致的一个可以预见的后果就是需要更多的学校。
[近] aftereffect, aftermath, consequence, fate, fruit, outcome, precipitate, product, result, sequel, sequence
[反] antecedent, cause, occasion, reason 原因;origin, root, source 源头
symbol: ['aʊtgroʊθ]
zhuji3000: 【根】 out [出] + growth [生], 生出 → n. 结果,后果
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position: (30, 6)

正面: outmoded
definition: 【考法】adj. 过时的,废弃的:no longer acceptable, current, or usable
[例] outmoded computers that can be recycled 可回收的废旧电脑
[近] antiquated, archaic, demoded, fossilized, moribund, moth-eaten, obsolete, outworn, prehistoric, rusty
[反] contemporary, current, modern 现代的,当代的
symbol: [ˌaʊt'moʊdɪd]
zhuji: 【记】out出，mode时髦，d一不再时髦的
zhuji3000: 【根】 out + mode + - (e) d [a.], mode “out”了 → a. 过时的,废弃的
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position: (30, 7)

正面: override
definition: 【考法】vt. 不顾:to set aside
[例] The Congress overrode the President's veto and passed the law. 国会不顾总统的否决,强行通过了那项法令。‖He overrode all opposition to his plans. 他对所有的反对意见不予理睬。
[近] disregard, ignore, neglect, overlook, overpass, pass over
[反] comply, observe 遵守
symbol: [ˌoʊvər'raɪd]
zhuji3000: 【根】 over + ride, ride over, (骑着马) 跨越 → v. 不顾
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position: (30, 7)

正面: overshadow
definition: 【考法1】vt. 使变黯淡:to make dark, dim, or indistinct
[例] Large trees overshadow the yard and darken the house for much of the day. 大树遮挡了射入院子里的阳光,使得屋子里一天之中的大多数时候都很昏暗。‖Her mother's illness overshadowed her childhood. 她母亲的疾病让她的童年缺乏亮色。
[近] becloud, befog, blacken, blear, blur, darken, dim, fog, haze, mist, obscure, overcast, overcloud, shroud
[反] brighten, illuminate, illumine, lighten 照明,照亮
【考法2】vt.(在重要性上)超越,超过:to exceed in importance
[例] The forward's outstanding performance should not overshadow the achievements of the rest of the team. 其他队员的贡献不应该因前锋的精彩表现而被忽略。
[近] eclipse, outrank, outshine, outstrip, overbalance, overweigh
[反] fall behind 落后
symbol: [ˌoʊvər'∫ædoʊ]
zhuji3000: 【根】 over- [在上面] + shadow [遮盖], 盖在上面 → vt.使变黯淡;(在重要性上) 超越,超过
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position: (30, 7)

正面: overwhelm
definition: 【考法1】vt. 淹没:to cover with or as if with a flood
[例] That spring the massive runoff from melting snows overwhelmed the valley. 那个春天,整个山谷被融雪形成的洪流吞没了。
[近] deluge, drown, engulf, inundate, overflow, submerge, submerse, swamp
[反] drain 抽干
【考法2】vt.(感情上、精神上)使无所适从,使难以承受:to subject to incapacitating emotional or mental stress
[例] Just the thought of how much work there is to do overwhelms me. 仅仅是想想还有多少工作没完成就几乎让我喘不过气了。
[近] devastate, oppress, overcome, overmaster, overpower, prostrate, whelm
[反] relieve 使舒缓
[派] overwhelming adj. 势不可挡的,无法抗拒的
symbol: [ˌoʊvər'welm]
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position: (30, 7)

正面: overwrought
definition: 【考法1】adj. 十分激动的,非常不安的:being in a state of increased activity or agitation
[例] She became overwrought when she heard that her child was missing. 当她得知自己孩子失踪的消息后变得极其激动和不安。
[近] agitated, excited, frenzied, heated, hectic, hyperactive, overactive
[反] calm, collected, composed, placid, serene, tranquil 冷静的,沉着的
【考法2】adj.(装饰、文风等)过分华丽的:elaborately and often excessively decorated
[例] The author's prose is overwrought with purple passages and florid metaphors. 这个作者的散文里充满了词藻华丽的段落和比喻,显得有些过分。
[近] baroque, bedizened, flamboyant, florid, fussy, gingerbreaded, ornate, overdecorated
[反] austere, plain, severe, stark, unadorned 朴素的
symbol: [ˌoʊvər'rɔ:t]
zhuji: 【记】over过分，wrought（work的过去式和过去分词）：工作过度是因为刚开始工作，处于兴奋紧张的阶段。"
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position: (30, 7)

正面: palaver
definition: 【考法1】n. 对话,交流:an exchange of views for the purpose of exploring a subject or deciding an issue
[例] seemingly endless palaver between the negotiating parties 谈判双方之间看似没有尽头的对话
[近] argument, colloquy, conference, consult, council, counsel, debate, dialogue, parley
【考法2】vi. 闲聊:to talk profusely or idly
[例] Mothers were palavering and drinking coffee while watching their children play. 母亲们一边看着她们的孩子玩耍,一边喝着咖啡闲谈。
[近] babble, chatter, converse, gabble, jabber, prate, prattle, rattle, twitter
symbol: [pə'lævər]
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position: (30, 7)

正面: palpitation
definition: 【考法】n.(有节奏的)舒张收缩:a rhythmic expanding and contracting
[例] a palpitation of the blood vessels 血管有节奏的舒张收缩
[近] beat, beating, pulse, throb
symbol: [ˌpælpɪ'teɪ∫n]
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position: (30, 7)

正面: panacea
definition: 【考法】n. 万能药,万灵药:a remedy for all ills or difficulties
[例] a woman who seems to believe that chicken soup is a panacea for nearly everything 一个相信鸡汤是万能灵药的妇女‖Bicycles are not a panacea for the traffic problem. 自行车并不是解决交通问题的万能药。
[近] catholicon, cure-all, elixir, nostrum
symbol: [ˌpænə'si:ə]
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position: (30, 7)

正面: peculiarity
definition: 【考法】n. 特征,特点:a distinguishing characteristic
[例] It is a peculiarity of the house that there is no front door. 没有大门是这座房子的一个特色。
[近] attribute, character, criterion, diagnostic, differentia, feature, fingerprint, hallmark, mark, note, particularity, quality, specific, trait
symbol: [pɪˌkju:li'ærəti]
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position: (30, 7)

正面: pedagogical
definition: 【考法】adj. 教学的;教师的:of, relating to, or befitting a teacher or education
[例] I have no brow of such a pedagogical tone. 我一点也不喜欢这种说教的口吻。
[近] preceptorial
[反] pupillary 学生的
symbol: [ˌpedə'gɑ:ʤɪkl]
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position: (30, 7)

正面: peel
definition: 【考法1】vt. 剥去…的皮:to strip off an outer layer of
[例] She can peel apples with lightning speed. 她能以飞快的速度削苹果。
[近] bark, flay, hull, husk, shell, shuck, skin, strip
【考法2】vi. 脱去(衣服等):to take off one's clothes
[例] peel off the wet clothes 脱去湿衣服
[近] doff, douse, put off, shrug off, take off
[反] don, put on 穿上
symbol: [pi:l]
zhuji: 【记】peel原指削去头发，引申为削皮"
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position: (30, 8)

正面: perceptive
definition: 【考法1】adj. 敏锐的:able to sense slight impressions or differences
[例] Due to their ability to rotate their ears, cats are very perceptive when it comes to pinpointing the source of a sound. 由于猫能够转动它们的耳朵,所以它们能十分敏锐地确定声源的位置。
[近] delicate, fine, keen, quick, sensitive, sharp
[反] dead, imperceptive, insensible, insensitive, numb [反]应慢的,麻木的
【考法2】adj. 洞察力强的:having or showing deep understanding and intelligent application of knowledge
[例] A perceptive teacher was able to discover what was really troubling the youth. 一个洞察力强的老师应该能察觉真正困扰青少年的是什么。
[近] discerning, insightful, prudent, sagacious, sage, sapient
[反] brainless, dumb, foolish, idiotic, imbecile, moronic, silly, simple, slow, stupid, thoughtless, unintelligent, unwise, witless 愚钝的
symbol: [pər'septɪv]
zhuji3000: 【根】 per- [thoroughly] + cept [take] + -ive [a.], (of sb.) take thoroughly → a. 敏锐的;洞察力强的
【联】 perception [n. 洞察力;知觉]
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position: (30, 8)

正面: perilous
definition: 【考法】adj. 危险的:involving potential loss or injury
[例] perilous journey through hostile territory 穿过敌方领土的危险行程
[近] dangerous, grave, grievous, hazardous, jeopardizing, menacing, risky, serious, threatening, venturesome
[反] harmless, innocent, innocuous, safe, unthreatening 安全的,无害的
symbol: ['perələs]
zhuji3000: 【联】 peril [危险] 的形容词形式,可联想成“完全 [per-=thoroughly] 病了 [ill] ” → a. 危险的
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position: (30, 8)

正面: perquisite
definition: 【考法】n. 额外的好处:something given in addition to what is ordinarily expected or owed
[例] Give the movers a perquisite if they do a good job. 如果搬家工人做得好就给他们一些小费。‖The use of a company car is one perquisite of the job. 能使用公司的汽车是这份工作的附加好处之一。
[近] cumshaw, dividend, donative, extra, gratuity, gravy, lagniappe, perk, tip
symbol: ['pɜ:rkwɪzɪt]
zhuji: 【记】原指：不是通过继承而获得的财富－额外收入per全部，qu去，I，site地点－全部去那个地点，因为有额外收入和权力"
zhuji3000: 【记】 per- [through] + quis [seek] + -ite [n.], seek through, 通过寻求 (而得到的) → n. 额外的好处
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position: (30, 8)

正面: petulant
definition: 【考法】adj. 易怒的,爱发脾气的:easily irritated or annoyed
[例] He is a petulant and fussy man who is always blaming everyone else for his problems. 他是一个对细节非常在意而又容易生气的人,还总是把自己的问题怪罪到别人的头上。
[近] choleric, grouchy, grumpy, irascible, irritable, peevish, perverse, pettish, prickly, raspy, ratty, stuffy, testy
[反] forbearing, obliging, patient, stoic, tolerant 容忍的,忍让的
[派] petulance n. 易怒,坏脾气
symbol: ['pet∫ələnt]
zhuji: 【记】pet（v 拥抱；发脾气），ulant－易怒的pet宠物，ul，ant蚂蚁：你家的宠物见到蚂蚁就会打斗－易怒的读：petu烂踢－宠物烂踢－易怒的
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position: (30, 8)

正面: pioneer
definition: 【考法1】n. 扩荒者,先驱者:one of the first to settle in a territory
[例] the hardships that the pioneers endured while taming the wilderness 在驯服自然的过程中扩荒者所受到的种种磨难‖a pioneer in aviation 航空业的先驱
[近] colonist, colonizer, homesteader, settler
[反] follower 跟随者
【考法2】adj. 最初的,最早的:coming before all others in time or order
[例] the nation's pioneer institutions for the education of African-Americans 该国为了非裔美国人的教育而设立的第一批教育机构
[近] earliest, foremost, headmost, inaugural, initial, leadoff, maiden, original, premier, virgin
[反] final, last, latest, terminal, terminating, ultimate 最后的,终结的
【考法3】vt. 开创,创造:to open up(an area)or prepare(a way)
[例] He single-handedly pioneered the university's institute for medical research. 他单枪匹马创建了这所大学的医学研究所。‖rockets that pioneered outer space 开创了外太空纪元的火箭
[近] begin, constitute, establish, inaugurate, initiate, innovate, institute, introduce, launch, plant, set up
[反] close, end, shut, terminate, phase out 终止,淘汰
[派] pioneering adj. 先驱性的,先导性的
symbol: [ˌpaɪə'nɪr]
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position: (30, 8)

正面: pious
definition: 【考法1】adj.(信仰上)虔诚的:marked by or showing reverence for deity and devotion to divine worship
[例] a pious woman who decided to become a nun 一个决心成为修女的虔诚女子
[近] devout, godly, religious, sainted, saintly
[反] antireligious, faithless, godless, impious, irreligious, ungodly, unholy 不虔诚的,无宗教信仰的
【考法2】adj. 忠诚的:firm in one's allegiance to someone or something
[例] a pious supporter of his school's athletic teams, during winning and losing seasons alike 学校体育队的忠诚支持者,不论他们是输还是赢
[近] constant, dedicated, devoted, loyal, staunch, steadfast, steady, true
[反] disloyal, fickle, inconstant, perfidious, recreant, traitorous, treacherous, unfaithful 不忠诚的,善变的
symbol: ['paɪəs]
zhuji3000: 【根】 pi [devout] + -ous [a.], devoted (to divine) → a. (信仰上) 虔诚的;忠诚的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (30, 8)

正面: pitfall
definition: 【考法1】n. 陷阱:a pit flimsily covered or camouflaged and used to capture and hold animals or men
[例] caught in a pitfall 掉下了陷阱‖Renting a house can be full of pitfalls for the unwary. 对于那些不谨慎的人来说租房也是危机四伏的。
[近] catch, gimmick, gotcha, hitch, joker, snag, snare, trap
【考法2】n.(不易察觉的)危害:a hidden or not easily recognized danger or difficulty
[例] One of the pitfalls of ignorance is that people will also assume you are stupid. 无知的一个危害就是,人们总会假设你一无所知。
[近] hazard, imminence, menace, peril, risk, threat, trouble
symbol: ['pɪtfɔ:l]
zhuji: 【记】pit坑，fall落下－让你落下的坑－陷阱"
zhuji3000: 【根】 pit [坑] + fall [下落], (使) 下落的坑 → n. 陷阱;(不易察觉的) 危害
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position: (30, 8)

正面: pivotal
definition: 【考法】adj. 最关键的,最为重要的:of the greatest possible importance
[例] The report was missing a pivotal piece of information. 报告遗漏了最为重要的信息。
[近] critical, crucial, decisive, key, vital
[反] inconsequential, inconsiderable, insignificant, marginal, minor, minute, negligible, nugatory, slight, trifling, trivial 不重要的
symbol: ['pɪvətl]
zhuji: 【记】源于pivot（n 枢轴；中心点），根：piv＝pir转"
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position: (30, 8)

正面: placid
definition: 【考法1】adj. 宁静的,风平浪静的:free from storms or physical disturbance
[例] a vacation in the placid lake community 在宁静的湖区度过的假日
[近] calm, halcyon, hushed, peaceful, quiet, serene, still, stilly, tranquil, untroubled
[反] boisterous, clamorous, noisy, raucous, roistering, rowdy, tumultuous, uproarious 喧闹的
【考法2】adj. 冷静的,淡定的:free from emotional or mental agitation
[例] I know an exceptionally placid mother who was rarely upset by her six children. 我认识一个异常淡定的母亲,她几乎从未因为自己的六个孩子而烦恼过。
[近] collected, composed, coolheaded, level, limpid, possessed, recollected, sedate, undisturbed, unperturbed
[反] agitated, discomposed, disturbed, flustered, perturbed, upset 不安的,焦虑的
[派] placidity n. 宁静,安宁
symbol: ['plæsɪd]
zhuji3000: 【根】 plac [please] + -id [a.], pleased → (人的内心) a.冷静的,淡定的;(大自然) a. 宁静的,风平浪静的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (30, 8)

正面: playful
definition: 【考法】adj. 爱开玩笑的,好打闹的:given to good-natured joking or teasing
[例] The little girl was lighthearted and playful. 小女孩无忧无虑的,喜欢和别人打闹。
[近] antic, coltish, elfish, fay, frisky, frolicsome, larky, rollicking, sportive
[反] earnest, grave, serious, sober, solemn, somber 严肃的
symbol: ['pleɪfl]
zhuji3000: 【根】 play + -ful [a., full of], full of play → a. 爱开玩笑的,好打闹的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (30, 9)

正面: plebeian
definition: 【考法】adj. 平民的,社会下层的:belonging to the class of people of low social or economic rank
[例] a man who rose to greatness but never forgot his plebeian past 一个仕途通达、但从未忘却自己平民出身的人
[近] baseborn, common, humble, inferior, lowborn, lumpen, mean, prole, proletarian, unwashed, vulgar
[反] aristocratic, genteel, gentle, highborn, highbred, lofty, noble, patrician, wellborn 上流社会的
symbol: [plə'bi:ən]
zhuji: 【记】原指：古罗马的普通公民，属于较低阶层的一员，是庸俗或粗俗的人ple＝please，bei背，an一个：请背一块大砖头－平民"
zhuji3000: 【联】 ple [plenty] + be [存在] + - (i) an [a.], 大量存在的 (人) → a. 平民的,社会下层的
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position: (30, 9)

正面: plenitude
definition: 【考法1】n. 丰富,充沛:an amount or supply more than sufficient to meet one's needs
[例] a region blessed with a plenitude of natural resources 充满着上帝赐予的丰富资源的地区
[近] abundance, cornucopia, feast, plentitude, plethora, wealth
[反] deficiency, inadequacy, insufficiency, undersupply 匮乏,不足
【考法2】n. 大量:a considerable amount
[例] She has gathered a plenitude of information on the topic. 有关这个话题她收集了大量的资料。
[近] bunch, bundle, dozen, multiplicity, myriad, plateful, plenty, profusion, ream, scads, spate, stack, volume
[反] ace, bit, glimmer, handful, hint, mite, nip, ounce, pittance, speck, spot, trace 少量
symbol: ['plenɪtu:d]
zhuji: 【记】plen满，itude状态－充满；完全
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position: (30, 9)

正面: plodder
definition: 【考法】n. 行走缓慢的人:someone who moves slowly or more slowly than others
[例] The guide halted the tour group so that the plodders who had fallen behind could catch up. 导游让队伍停下来,以便那些落在后头的行动缓慢的人可以跟上。
[近] crawler, dallier, dawdler, dragger, laggard, lagger, lingerer, loiterer, snail, straggler
[反] speedster 速度快的人
symbol: ['plɑ:dər]
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position: (30, 9)

正面: plush
definition: 【考法1】adj.(味道等)浓郁的:having an abundance of some characteristic quality(as flavor)
[例] a plush, ripe wine 味道浓郁醇美的红酒
[近] concentrated, full, heady, lusty, muscular, potent, rich, robust, strong
[反] delicate, light, mild, thin, weak(味道等)淡的
【考法2】adj. 奢华的,豪华的:notably luxurious
[例] a plush castle filled with priceless art and antiques 一座充满了无价艺术品和古董的奢华城堡
[近] deluxe, lavish, luxuriant, luxurious, opulent, palatial, silken, sumptuous
[反] ascetic, austere, humble, spartan 朴素的,平凡的
symbol: [plʌ∫]
zhuji: 【记】读：不拉屎－在豪华的长毛绒的被子上不能拉屎
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position: (30, 9)

正面: poach
definition: 【考法】vt. 水煮:to cook in a liquid heated to the point that it gives off steam
[例] He poached an egg for breakfast. 他煮了一个荷包蛋做早饭。
[近] coddle, parboil, simmer, stew
symbol: [poʊt∫]
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position: (30, 9)

正面: pointer
definition: 【考法1】n.(仪表上的)指针:a scale indicator on a watch, balance, or other measuring instrument
[例] The pointer on my bathroom scale must be stuck - I know I lost weight. 浴室磅秤里的指针肯定坏了——我知道我体重应该有下降的。
[近] hand, index, indicator, needle
【考法2】n. 忠告,建议:a useful suggestion or hint usually from an expert
[例] Here are a few pointers to help you make a choice. 这里有一些能帮助你作抉择的建议。
[近] advice, hint, lead, recommendation, tip
symbol: ['pɔɪntər]
zhuji3000: 【记】 具有指示 [point] 功能的东西 [-er] → n. (仪表上的) 指针;忠告,建议
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position: (30, 9)

正面: pragmatic
definition: 【考法】adj. 实用主义的,务实的:a practical approach to problems and affairs
[例] Pragmatic men of power have had no time or inclination to deal with social morality.(K. B. Clark)务实的当权者不会有时间或者意向去处理社会道德的问题。——K. B. 克拉克‖a pragmatic man, not given to grand, visionary schemes 一个不迷恋花哨空想的计划,而更注重实际的人
[近] down-to-earth, earthy, hardheaded, matter-of-fact, practical
[反] fanciful, idealistic, impractical, unrealistic, utopian, visionary 幻想的,不务实的
[派] pragmatism n. 实用主义,务实主义
symbol: [præg'mætɪk]
zhuji: 【记】源于：practical（adj 实际的）p破，rag抹布，mat席子，ic：整天用破抹布席子－实用主义的"
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (30, 9)

正面: prerequisite
definition: 【考法】n. 先决条件,前提:something that is necessary to an end or to the carrying out of a function
[例] Competence is prerequisite to promotion. 能力是提升的必要条件。‖I don't think a large dwelling place is a prerequisite for a happy life. 我并不认为大的住所就能带来幸福的生活。
[近] condition, essential, must, necessity, precondition, requirement, requisite, sine qua non
symbol: [ˌpri:'rekwəzɪt]
zhuji: 【记】pre前，requisite要求－提前的要求－先决条件"
zhuji3000: 【记】 pre- [before] + requis [require] + -ite [n.], (做某事) 之前需要 (的条件) → n. 前提,先决条件
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (30, 9)

正面: prerogative
definition: 【考法】n. 特权,权力:an exclusive or special right, power, or privilege
[例] It is your prerogative to refuse to attend religious services. 你有权力不参加宗教活动。
[近] appanage, birthright, entitlement, privilege, right
symbol: [prɪ'rɑ:gətɪv]
zhuji: 【记】pre前，rog要求，ative－可以提前要求得到－特权pre前，ro肉，gat＝get，ive：面前得到一块肉，因为有特权。"
zhuji3000: 【根】 pre- [before] + rog [ask] + -ative [n.], (可以比其他人) 预先提出要求 → n. 特权,权力
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (30, 10)

正面: proclaim
definition: 【考法】vt. 宣告,使…公之于众:to declare publicly, typically insistently, proudly, or defiantly and in either speech or writing
[例] I was wearing a button that proclaimed my choice for President. 我身上挂着一个纽扣,它能够彰显我支持谁当总统。‖He launched a coup and proclaimed himself President. 他发动了一场政变,然后宣称自己已成为总统。
[近] advertise, announce, blare, blazon, broadcast, declare, enunciate, herald, promulgate, publicize, publish, release, trumpet
[反] conceal, hide 隐藏;silence, suppress 压制(观点的发表)
symbol: [prə'kleɪm]
zhuji3000: 【根】 pro- [forth] + claim [shout], 向前喊叫 → vt. 宣告,使…公之于众
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position: (30, 10)

正面: project
definition: 【考法1】['prɑ:ʤekt] n. 方案,计划:a specific plan or design
[例] an ambitious project to develop the city's underground transport 一项开发城市地下交通系统的雄心勃勃的计划
[近] arrangement, blueprint, design, plan, program, scheme, strategy, system, road map
【考法2】[prə'ʤekt] vi. 凸出:to extend outward beyond a usual point
[例] Some boulders projected dangerously out above the trail. 一些巨石非常危险地在道路上凸了出来。
[近] balloon, beetle, billow, bunch, jut, overhang, poke, pouch, pout, protrude, swell
【考法3】vt. 预测,预计:to calculate, estimate, or predict(something in the future), based on present data or trends
[例] project next year's expenses 预测明年的开销
[近] augur, estimate, extrapolate, forecast, predict, predetermine, presage
[派] projected adj. 计划的;projection n. 凸起物;投影
symbol: None
zhuji3000: 【根】 pro- [forth] + ject [throw], throw forth, (如何) 向前、向未来“扔、投入”时间 → n. 方案,计划;“扔”到前面 → vi. 凸出;“投射出”未来的样子 → vt. 预测,预计
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (30, 10)

正面: proprietary
definition: 【考法1】n. 所有权:ownership
[近] dominion, ownership, possession, property, proprietorship
【考法2】adj. 私营的:privately owned and managed and run as a profit-making organization
[例] a proprietary hospital 私人医院
[近] private
[反] public 政府提供的;state-owned 国有的
symbol: [prə'praɪəteri]
zhuji: 【记】源于：property（n 财产）"
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position: (30, 10)

正面: prototype
definition: 【考法】n. 原型:an original model on which something is patterned
[例] The manufacturer exhaustively tested the prototype of the vehicle before approving production. 生产商在将该车型投入生产之前对样机进行了详细的测试。
[近] archetype
[反] copy, imitation, replica, reproduction 复制品
symbol: ['proʊtətaɪp]
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position: (30, 10)

正面: rampant
definition: 【考法1】adj.(植物)生长茂盛的:growing thickly and vigorously
[例] a rampant growth of weeds in the neglected yard 废弃的院子里杂草疯长
[近] lush, luxuriant, prosperous, weedy
[反] sparse 稀疏的
【考法2】adj. 猖獗的,不受限制的:occurring without restraint and frequently, widely, or menacingly
[例] Mayor promised to put a stop to the rampant crime that plagued the city. 市长承诺要采取措施,终止那些扰乱城市治安的猖獗的犯罪活动。‖rampant corruption in city government 市政府中猖獗的腐败
[近] abandoned, intemperate, runaway, unbounded, unbridled, unchecked, uncontrolled, unhampered, unhindered, unrestrained
[反] bridled, checked, constrained, controlled, curbed, governed, hampered, hindered, restrained, temperate 受制约的
symbol: ['ræmpənt]
zhuji: 【记】ram羊，pant裤子：样都穿裤子了－猖獗的"
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position: (30, 10)

正面: ravenous
definition: 【考法】adj. 食量大的,贪食的;贪婪的:having a huge appetite; greedy for gratification
[例] He had moderated his ravenous appetite. 他控制了自己的食欲。‖ravenous for power 渴望权力
[近] edacious, esurient, gluttonous, greedy, rapacious, voracious
[反] content, sated, satiated, satisfied 心满意足的
symbol: ['rævənəs]
zhuji: 【记】源于：raven（n /v 掠夺），ous多－掠夺很多－饿极了的，贪婪的
zhuji3000: 【根】 rav [seize] 和rap是同源词根,后缀-ous表示“多的”, 近义词rapacious [食量大的,贪食的;过度贪婪的] → a. 食量大的,贪食的;贪婪的
【联】 raven [n. 乌鸦 v. 掠夺] + -ous [a.]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (30, 10)

正面: redeem
definition: 【考法1】vt. 实践,履行(诺言等):to do what is required by the terms of
[例] The coach redeemed his promise to take the players out for ice cream if they improved their fielding over the season. 教练履行了他的诺言:如果球员们能够在赛季中提升防守能力的话,他就请他们吃冰淇淋。
[近] answer, complete, comply, fill, fulfill, keep, meet, satisfy
[反] breach, break, transgress, violate 违[反],违背
【考法2】vt. 改过自新:to make better in behavior or character
[例] The unfaithful husband made a determined effort to redeem himself in the eyes of his wife and children. 不忠的丈夫下定决心要在妻子和孩子的监督下改过自新。
[近] habilitate, reclaim, regenerate, rehabilitate
[派] redeemable adj. 可赎回的,可挽救的
symbol: [rɪ'di:m]
zhuji: 【记】re重新，deem（v 认为；相信）一赎罪后的人是要重新认可的
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position: (30, 10)

正面: refreshing
definition: 【考法】adj. 令人身心振奋的,提神的:having a renewing effect on the state of the body or mind
[例] A glass of cold water is very refreshing on such a hot day. 大热天里的一杯冰水真是让人心旷神怡。‖It is refreshing to hear some good news about him. 能听到他的好消息真是让人振奋。
[近] bracing, cordial, invigorating, rejuvenating, restorative, reviving, stimulating, stimulative, vitalizing
[反] deadening, debilitating, draining, enervating, enfeebling, exhausting, sapping, wearying 令人虚弱的
symbol: [rɪ'fre∫ɪŋ]
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [again] + fresh + -ing [a.], make fresh again, renewing → a. 令人身心振奋的,提神的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (30, 10)

正面: remnant
definition: 【考法】n. 残余,剩余物:something left over
[例] a remnant of his past glory 他辉煌过去的一丝残余‖The shop is selling remnants of cloth at half price. 商店在半价抛售剩余的衣物。
[近] debris, remainder, remains, residue, vestige
The man who has made up his mind to win will never say“impossible”.
凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说“不可能的”。
——法国皇帝 拿破仑(Bonaparte Napoleon, French emperor)
symbol: ['remnənt]
zhuji: 【记】源于：remain（v 保持；残存）
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position: (30, 10)

正面: renege
definition: 【考法】vt. 放弃,摒弃:to solemnly or formally reject or go back on(as something formerly adhered to)
[例] She refused to renege the principles by which she had always lived her life, even if it resulted in losing her business. 尽管有可能使她失去她的事业,但她仍然拒绝放弃生命中所坚持的那些原则。
[近] abnegate, forswear, recant, renounce, repeal, repudiate, retract, withdraw
[反] adhere 坚持
[派] renegade n. 叛徒
symbol: [rɪ'ni:g]
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [表强调] + neg [deny] + -e [v.], (formally) deny → vt. 放弃,摒弃
【联】 renegade [n. 背教者,叛徒]
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position: (31, 1)

正面: replenish
definition: 【考法】vt. 补充:to fill or make complete again; add a new stock or supply to
[例] He went to replenish her glass. 他去为她续杯了。
[近] refill, reload
[反] consume, drain, empty, exhaust 清空,耗尽
symbol: [rɪ'plenɪ∫]
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [again] + plen [fill] + -ish [v.], fill again, 再一次填充 → vt. 补充
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 1)

正面: replicate
definition: 【考法1】vt. 复制,复刻:to make an exact likeness of
[例] We replicated the famous painting in our art class. 我们在艺术课上临摹一幅名画。
[近] clone, copy, copycat, duplicate, imitate, reduplicate, render, reproduce
[反] originate 原创
【考法2】vt. 重复,反复:to make or do again
[例] I cannot replicate your results when I do the experiment myself. 我自己的实验里无法重复你的结果。
[近] redo, reiterate, renew, repeat
[派] replicable adj. 可复制的,能复现的
symbol: ['replɪkeɪt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [again] + plic [fold] + -ate [v.], fold again, make another fold → vt. 复制,复刻;重复,反复
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 1)

正面: residual
definition: 【考法】adj. 剩余的,残存的:of, relating to, or characteristic of a residue
[例] residual radiation from nuclear tests 核试验所遗留下来的残余辐射
[近] leftover, remaining, vestigial
[反] comprehensive, entire, full, integral, total, whole 全部的,完整的
symbol: [rɪ'zɪʤuəl]
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position: (31, 1)

正面: restitution
definition: 【考法】n. 补偿,赔偿:a making good of or giving an equivalent for some injury
[例] The victims are demanding full restitution. 受害者要求全额补偿。
[近] damages, indemnity, quittance, recompense, recoupment, redress, remuneration, reparation, reprisal, requital
symbol: [ˌrestɪ'tu:∫n]
zhuji: 【记】re再，stitut站，ion－再站过去－归还
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back] + stitut [stand] + -ion [n.], stand back (to original status) , 使站回 (原来的状态) → n. 补偿,赔偿
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 1)

正面: resurrect
definition: 【考法】vt. 使重生,使复苏:to bring back to life, practice, or activity
[例] People believed that his body would be resurrected. 人们相信他的身体将会复活。‖Attempts are being made by both parties to resurrect the stalled arms negotiations. 双方正在努力重启受阻的武器谈判。
[近] reanimate, recharge, regenerate, rejuvenate, rekindle, renew, resuscitate, revitalize, revive, revivify
[反] kill 杀死
[派] resurrection n. 重生,复苏
symbol: [ˌrezə'rekt]
zhuji: 【记】re再，sur下面，rect直－再次从下面直起来－复活"
zhuji3000: 【记】 re- [again] + sur- [sub-] + rect [right], 重新从下面直立 → vt. 使重生,使复苏
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position: (31, 1)

正面: retentive
definition: 【考法】adj. 记性好的:having the ability or capacity to retain knowledge or information with ease
[例] Her retentive memory helped her sail through the history test. 她的好记性帮助她顺利通过了历史考试。
[反] absentminded, forgetful, oblivious 健忘的
[派] retentiveness n. 好记性
symbol: [rɪ'tentɪv]
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back] + tent [hold] + -ive [a.], hold (memory) back → a. 记性好的
【联】 动词形式retain [记住;保持]
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position: (31, 1)

正面: retrieve
definition: 【考法】vt. 寻回,找回:to get back again
[例] I need to retrieve the book from my friend so I could return it to the library. 我需要先把书从朋友那里拿回来才能还给图书馆。
[近] reacquire, recapture, reclaim, re-collect, recoup, recover, regain, repossess, retake
[反] lose, mislay, misplace 丢失
symbol: [rɪ'tri:v]
zhuji: 【记】re再，trieve得到－重新得到－重新寻回"
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position: (31, 1)

正面: reverberate
definition: 【考法】vi. 回荡,回响:to continue or be repeated in a series of reflected sound waves
[例] The sound of thunder reverberated from one end of the mountain to the other. 打雷的声音在山间不断回荡。
[近] echo, reecho, resonate, resound
[派] reverberation n. 回响,回音
symbol: [rɪ'vɜ:rbəreɪt]
zhuji: 【记】re反，verber打退，ate－声音反打回来－起回声re反复，verber＝verbal（adj 文字上的），ate：返回文字－有回响"
zhuji3000: 【根】 re- [back] + verb [word, sound] + er + -ate [v.],sound back → vi. 回荡,回响
[注] 也可以参考vibrate [v. 震动] ,将reverberate理解成 (声波的) 回震,即回荡、回响
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position: (31, 1)

正面: rhetorical
definition: 【考法1】adj. 语言上的,文字上的:of or relating to words or language
[例] The next war that those two nations fight won't be rhetorical - it will be with bombs and bullets. 两国之间的下一场战争可不会是斗嘴皮了——他们会来真格的。
[近] lexical, linguistic, vocabular, wordy
【考法2】adj. 言辞华丽(却往往无内涵)的:full of fine words and fancy expressions but mostly meaningless words and phrases
[例] You can skip over the rhetorical passages and still get the gist of the essay. 你可以跳过那些词藻华丽的段落,直接获取文本的主旨。‖The new governor delivered a long rhetorical speech about our state's bright future but laid out no specific programs for ensuring it. 新的执政官发表了词藻华丽的长篇演说,畅谈国家的美好未来,但却没有提出实现这一目标的具体措施。
[近] bombastic, flatulent, florid, fustian, gaseous, gassy, grandiloquent, oratorical, orotund, purple, windy
[反] prosaic 平凡无奇的;plain, simple 简单的
symbol: [rɪ'tɔ:rɪkl]
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position: (31, 1)

正面: rigmarole
definition: 【考法】n. 混乱而无意义的话:language marked by abstractions, jargon, euphemisms, and circumlocutions; confused or meaningless talk
[例] The security guard gave me some kind of rigmarole about passes and authorizations. 保安不知所云地跟我说了一些关于通关和授权的话。
[近] abracadabra, babble, drivel, gabble, gibber, jabber, nonsense, prattle
symbol: ['rɪgməroʊl]
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position: (31, 2)

正面: ruthless
definition: 【考法】adj. 没有怜悯心的,残忍的:having no pity
[例] an office supervisor with a ruthless disregard for others' feelings 一个从不顾及他人感情的无情领导
[近] cruel, heartless, inhumane, ironfisted, iron-hearted, pitiless, merciless, mortal, relentless, remorseless
[反] charitable, compassionate, humane, kindhearted, merciful, sympathetic, tender 有同情心的,善良的
symbol: ['ru:θləs]
zhuji: 【记】ru如，th死，less不：如果你死了，我也不怜悯－无情的
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position: (31, 2)

正面: sacrosanct
definition: 【考法】adj. 极为神圣的,不可侵犯的:most sacred or holy
[例] The teacher's book of grades is sacrosanct, and someone could be expelled for changing anything in it. 老师记录成绩的小册子是极为神圣的,任何篡改它的人都可能受到被退学的惩罚。
[近] hallowed, holy, inviolable, sacred, unassailable, untouchable
[反] blasphemous, irreverent, profane, sacrilegious 亵渎的
symbol: ['sækroʊsæŋkt]
zhuji3000: 【根】 sacr (o) [sacred] + sanct [sacred], (sacr和sanct都是表示“神圣”的词根) → a. 极为神圣的,不可侵犯的
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position: (31, 2)

正面: scourge
definition: 【考法】n. 祸害:a source of harm or misfortune
[例] The sheer ubiquity of food seems to be the scourge of humanity, as evidenced by the obesity epidemic. 无所不在的食品似乎要成为人类的祸害了,这一点可以从肥胖病的泛滥得以佐证。
[近] affliction, bane, curse, nemesis
[反] benefit, blessing, boon, felicity, godsend, manna, windfall 恩赐,福音
symbol: [skɜ:rʤ]
zhuji: 【记】s死，courge＝courage（n 勇气）：受到scourge的人没有courage就s。scour（v 擦亮），urge（v 敦促），如果没有scour就scourge你。"
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position: (31, 2)

正面: screen
definition: 【考法1】n. 掩护物,屏障:something that shelters, protects, or hides
[例] The target will be difficult to reach as it is behind a screen of anti-aircraft batteries. 目标在防空炮火的掩护之下难以靠近。‖Please keep away from the screen door. 请不要倚靠屏蔽门。
[近] aegis, ammunition, armor, cover, guard, protection, safeguard, security, shield, wall, ward
【考法2】vt. 保护,使…免受攻击:to drive danger or attack away from
[例] Gunships were called in to help screen the troops from further attacks. 武装直升机被呼叫对步兵进行支援,使之免受进一步的攻击。
[近] defend, fence, fend, forfend, protect, secure
[反] assail, assault, attack 攻击
【考法3】vt. 掩护,遮蔽:to keep secret or shut off from view
[例] Bushes screened the swimming pool from passersby on the street. 灌木丛将游泳池和街上的行人隔绝开来。
[近] belie, cloak, conceal, curtain, disguise, enshroud, mask, obscure, occult, shroud, veil
[反] disclose, expose, reveal, uncloak, uncover, unmask, unveil 揭露
symbol: [skri:n]
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position: (31, 2)

正面: scrimp
definition: 【考法】vi. 节俭:to avoid unnecessary waste or expense
[例] They had to scrimp and save for years in order to be able to afford a house. 他们不得不节俭度日才能攒够钱买房。
[近] conserve, economize, husband, pinch, save, skimp, spare
[反] dissipate, lavish, squander, waste 浪费
symbol: [skrɪmp]
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position: (31, 2)

正面: scruple
definition: 【考法】n.(良心上的)不安:an uneasy feeling about the rightness of what one is doing or going to do
[例] The survey showed that many students had few scruples about cheating on papers or exams. 调查显示,很多学生对于在论文中或考试时作弊没有丝毫的愧疚。
[近] compunction, misgiving
[反] assurance, certainty, certitude, confidence, conviction, sureness 确信
symbol: ['skru:pl]
zhuji3000: 【联】 (道德上的) 顾虑 → n. (良心上的) 不安
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position: (31, 2)

正面: secede
definition: 【考法】vi. 脱离,退出(组织、团体、联盟等):to withdraw from an organization(as a religious communion or political party or federation)
[例] They threatened to secede from the coalition. 他们以退出联盟相要挟。
[近] demit, disaffiliate, quit, withdraw
[反] enlist, enroll, join, sign up 加入
symbol: [sɪ'si:d]
zhuji: 【记】se分开，cede走－脱离
zhuji3000: 【根】 se- [apart] + ced [go] + -e [v.], go apart (from an organization) → vi. 脱离,退出 (组织、团体、联盟等)
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position: (31, 2)

正面: sectarianism
definition: 【考法】n. 宗派主义,顽固:stubborn or intolerant adherence to one's opinions or prejudices
[例] An ideological sectarianism prevented the political party from ever being anything more than a fringe group. 意识形态上的顽固和保守使得这个政党只能成为一个边缘团体。
[近] dogmatism, illiberalism, intolerance, narrow-mindedness, partisanship, small-mindedness
[反] broad-mindedness, liberalism, open-mindedness, tolerance 开明
symbol: [sek'teriənɪzəm]
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position: (31, 2)

正面: secular
definition: 【考法】adj. 世俗的,尘世的:of or relating to the worldly or temporal
[例] That's an issue for the secular authorities, not the church. 这个问题和宗教无关,是一件世俗事务。
[近] carnal, earthborn, earthbound, fleshly, material, mundane, sublunary, temporal, terrene, terrestrial, worldly
[反] heavenly, unearthly, unworldly 非尘世间的;spiritual 精神上的;religious 宗教的;clerical 牧师的
symbol: ['sekjələr]
zhuji: 【记】se色，cular哭了：见到美色就哭－世俗的"
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position: (31, 2)

正面: sequel
definition: 【考法】n. 结果:a result or consequence
[例] Higher prices are a logical sequel to higher costs for manufacturers. 从逻辑上来说,更高的价格是生产商付出更高的生产成本的结果。
[近] aftermath, conclusion, consequence, fate, fruit, outcome, product, result, sequence
[反] antecedent, causation, cause, occasion, reason 起因,原因
symbol: ['si:kwəl]
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position: (31, 3)

正面: shift
definition: 【考法1】vt. 改变…的位置:to change the place or position of
[例] She shifted the vase closer to the wall so that it wouldn't get knocked over. 她把花瓶靠墙挪动了一点,以防止它被碰倒。
[近] budge, dislocate, displace, disturb, relocate, remove, reposition, transfer, transpose
[反] anchor, fix, freeze, secure, set 使固定
【考法2】vi. 改变,变化:to pass from one form, state, or level to another
[例] She watched the aurora in fascination as its colors shifted from green to blue. 她着迷地看着极光的色彩从绿变成蓝。
[近] fluctuate, mutate, snap, vary
[反] plateau, stabilize 达到稳定点,不变
【考法3】vt. 交换:to give up(something)and take something else in return
[例] My father and I shifted seats just before takeoff so that I could sit by the window. 起飞前我和我父亲交换了座位,这样我就可以靠窗坐了。
[近] commute, exchange, substitute, swap, switch, trade
symbol: [∫ɪft]
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position: (31, 3)

正面: shifty
definition: 【考法】adj.(显得)狡诈的,(显得)欺诈的:having, displaying, or suggestive of deceitful character
[例] shifty practices such as turning back the odometers on used cars 一些欺骗性的花招,比如把旧车的里程表调零‖He had a shifty face so I won't trust him. 他看起来贼目鼠眼的,我不会相信他。
[近] crooked, deceitful, deceptive, duplicitous, fraudulent, guileful, rogue, shady, sharp, underhanded
[反] aboveboard, honest, straight 正派的,光明正大的
symbol: ['∫ɪfti]
zhuji3000: 【根】 shift [变化] + -y [a.], (贬义) 变化多端,言行不一的 → a. (显得) 狡诈的,(显得) 欺诈的
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position: (31, 3)

正面: simile
definition: 【考法】n. 明喻:a figure of speech comparing two unlike things that is often introduced by like or as
[例] Even though both similes and metaphors are forms of comparison, similes indirectly compare the two ideas and allow them to remain distinct in spite of their similarities, whereas metaphors compare two things directly. For instance, a simile that compares a person with a bullet would go as follows:“Chris was a record-setting runner as fast as a speeding bullet.”A metaphor might read something like,“When Chris ran, he was a speeding bullet racing along the track.”尽管明喻和暗喻都是比喻的手法,明喻会间接地对两个对象进行比较,同时允许差异的存在,而暗喻则直接对两者进行比较。比如说,用明喻来把一个人比作子弹会这样说:“克里斯是一个不断打破记录的选手,他跑得就和高速子弹一样快。”而暗喻可能会说:“当克里斯奔跑的时候,他就是一颗在赛场上高速飞行的子弹。”
[反] metaphor 暗喻
symbol: ['sɪməli]
zhuji3000: 【根】 sim [like] + ile [n.], 像, 比作 → n. 明喻
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position: (31, 3)

正面: skittish
definition: 【考法1】adj. 容易受到惊吓的,胆小的:easily frightened
[例] The kitty is skittish around people she doesn't know. 小猫看到不认识的人就会显得特别胆小害怕。
[近] fainthearted, fearful, fearsome, mousy, scary, timid, timorous, tremulous
[反] adventuresome, adventurous, audacious, bold, daring, dashing, gutsy, venturesome, venturous 大胆的
【考法2】adj. 容易激动的:easily excited by nature
[例] The skittish colt leapt up when we approached. 一看到我们靠近,小马驹就激动地猛跳起来。
[近] flighty, fluttery, hyper, hyperactive, hyperkinetic, jittery, jumpy, nervous, skittery, spasmodic, spooky
[反] imperturbable, nerveless, unexcitable, unflappable, unshakable 不为所动的,沉着的
【考法3】adj. 善变的,多变的:likely to change frequently, suddenly, or unexpectedly
[例] The skittish housing market had both buyers and sellers on edge. 变幻莫测的房市让买家和卖家都坐立不安。
[近] capricious, changeful, flickery, fluctuating, fluid, inconstant, mercurial, mutable, temperamental, uncertain, unstable, unsteady, volatile
[反] changeless, constant, immutable, invariable, settled, stable, stationary, steady, unvarying 不变的
symbol: ['skɪtɪ∫]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 3)

正面: sparing
definition: 【考法1】adj. 节俭的,节约的:marked by or practicing careful restraint(as in the use of resources)
[例] The sparing couple are trying to save up enough for a house. 节俭的夫妻希望能够攒钱买套房。
[近] economical, economizing, provident, scrimping, thrifty
[反] prodigal, profligate, spendthrift, squandering, wasteful 浪费的
【考法2】adj. 不足的,缺乏的:less plentiful than what is normal, necessary, or desirable
[例] Unfortunately, the explanation of the health insurance plan was somewhat sparing on details. 不幸的是,健康保险计划上的说明似乎不够详细。‖The map is sparing of information. 这张地图的信息量太少了。
[近] exiguous, niggardly, poor, scant, scanty, scarce, skimp, skimpy, slender, slim, spare, sparse, stingy
[反] abundant, ample, bountiful, copious, generous, liberal, plenteous, plentiful 足量的
symbol: ['sperɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】源于：spare（adj 多余的；贫乏的；v 节约；分享）
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position: (31, 3)

正面: splinter
definition: 【考法1】n. 尖细条,刺:a sharp, slender piece, as of wood, bone, glass, or metal, split or broken off from a main body
[例] She got a splinter from the unfinished wall. 她的手被还没有装修的墙扎了一根刺。
[近] chip, flake, sliver, spall, splint
[反] chunk, slab 厚板
【考法2】vt. 将…切成细条:to split or break into sharp, slender pieces
[例] splinter the carrots into little sticks 把胡萝卜切成丝
[近] slice
symbol: ['splɪntər]
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position: (31, 3)

正面: splutter
definition: 【考法】vi. 急切而不清楚地说:to speak hastily and incoherently, as when confused or angry
[例] They begin to splutter and move restlessly about if they feel time is slipping away without some return. 当他们感到时间在悄悄流逝却一无所得时,他们便开始激动地说话,不安地走动。
[近] babble, drivel, gabble, gibber, jabber, sputter, stammer, stutter
[反] articulate, enunciate, pronounce 清楚地说
symbol: ['splʌtər]
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position: (31, 3)

正面: squeamish
definition: 【考法】adj. 恶心的,晕船的:affected with nausea
[例] The rolling of the ship made the young sailor squeamish. 摇晃的船只让年轻的水手感到恶心。
[近] ill, nauseated, qualmish, queasy, queer, queerish, sick, sickish
[反] healthy, well 状态良好的
symbol: ['skwi:mɪ∫]
zhuji: 【记】读：死鬼迷失－一个死酒鬼迷失了方向－晕了－易恶心的"
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position: (31, 3)

正面: stasis
definition: 【考法】n. 平衡,停滞:a condition of balance among various forces
[例] For the time being, the populations of the national park's predators and prey remain in stasis. 目前国家公园中捕食者和猎物的数量保持着一定的平衡。‖Language is a primary element of culture, and stasis in the arts is tantamount to death.(Charles Marsh)语言是文化当中的主要元素,艺术的停滞和平衡就等同于死亡。——查尔斯·马什
[近] counterpoise, equilibration, equilibrium, equipoise, poise
[反] disequilibration, disequilibrium, imbalance, nonequilibrium, unbalance 不平衡
symbol: ['steɪsɪs]
zhuji3000: 【根】 stas [stand] + -is [n.], stand (instead of progress), 站立 (而不向前、不后退) 的状态 → n. 平衡,停滞
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 3)

正面: staunch
definition: 【考法】adj. 忠诚的,坚定的:steadfast in loyalty or principle
[例] a staunch believer in the democratic system 民主制度的坚定拥护者‖No matter what happens I will be your staunchest supporters. 不论发生什么,我都会是你最忠诚的支持者。
[近] constant, dedicated, devoted, devout, faithful, fast, loyal, pious, steadfast, steady, true, true-blue
[反] disloyal, inconstant, perfidious, recreant, traitorous, treacherous 不忠诚的;fickle 善变的
symbol: [stɔ:nt∫]
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position: (31, 4)

正面: stereotype
definition: 【考法】n. 成见,老套的理念:a conventional, formulaic, and oversimplified conception, opinion, or image
[例] The noble savage was a stereotype that appealed to 18th-century intellectuals, who viewed European civilization as decadent and corrupt.“高贵的野蛮人”这一概念是为了迎合十八世纪的文人而提出的,他们将欧洲文明视作堕落和腐化的文明。
[近] concept, conception, generality, notion
symbol: ['steriətaɪp]
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position: (31, 4)

正面: stigmatize
definition: 【考法】vt. 使蒙上污名:to characterize or brand as disgraceful or ignominious
[例] Urban construction workers are often stigmatized by the rest of society as lazy and dirty. 城市里的建筑工人往往被社会里的其他人污蔑为是懒惰而肮脏的。
[近] abase, debase, degrade, demean, discredit, disgrace, dishonor, foul, humiliate, shame, sink, smirch
[反] aggrandize, canonize, deify, elevate, exalt 提升(名誉、声望等)
symbol: ['stɪgmətaɪz]
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position: (31, 4)

正面: substitute
definition: 【考法1】n. 取代者,替代品:a person or thing that takes the place or function of another
[例] If you like, you can use nuts as a substitute for coconut in that recipe. 如果您不反对,我们可以将菜单里的椰子换成坚果。
[近] backup, cover, fill-in, relief, replacement, reserve, stand-in, surrogate
【考法2】vt. 取代,替代:to take the place of
[例] substitute moral power for physical force 用道德的力量取代暴力‖BFR molecules have some atoms substituted by bromide atoms, which makes it fire-resistant. 在溴化阻燃剂的分子中,一部分原子被溴原子取代,从而使它不易燃烧。
[近] displace, relieve, replace, supersede, supplant, cut out
[派] substitution n. 取代
symbol: ['sʌbstɪtu:t]
zhuji3000: 【根】 sub- [under, in the place of] + stitut [stand] + e, stand in the place of → n. 取代者,替代品vt. 取代,替代
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 4)

正面: succumb
definition: 【考法1】vi. 屈服:to yield to superior strength or force or overpowering appeal or desire
[例] She refused to succumb to her fears and defiantly walked through the dark cemetery. 她拒绝向自己的恐惧屈服,而是倔强地走过了幽暗的墓地。
[近] bow, capitulate, concede, submit, surrender, give in
[反] resist 抵抗
【考法2】vi. 死亡:to be brought to an end(as death)by the effect of destructive or disruptive forces
[例] The patient lay so still and pale that everyone thought he had succumbed, and then he opened his eyes. 面色惨白的病人静静地躺在床上,正当所有人都以为他已经过世时,他突然睁开了眼睛。‖The doctor worked tirelessly until finally he, too, succumbed to the plague. 医生不知劳累地工作,直至最后,他也死于瘟疫。
[近] decease, demise, expire, perish, pass away
[反] endure, stand 忍受住;breathe, live, survive 存活
symbol: [sə'kʌm]
zhuji: 【记】suc下面，cumb躺－躺下去－屈从
zhuji3000: 【根】 suc- [sub-, down] + cumb [lie], lie down (to superior strength) → vi. 屈服;lie down (forever) → vi. 死亡
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 4)

正面: supersede
definition: 【考法】vt. 取代,替代:to displace in favor of another
[例] That edition of the dictionary that you have has been superseded by a more recent one. 你买的那版字典已经被最近新出的版本取代了。
[近] displace, relieve, replace, substitute, supplant, cut out
symbol: [ˌsu:pər'si:d]
zhuji: 【记】super，sede坐－坐在别人上面－取代"
zhuji3000: 【根】 super- [over] + sed [sit] + -e [v.], sit over, 坐在…的位置上 → vt. 取代,替代
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 4)

正面: surly
definition: 【考法】adj. 脾气不好的:irritably sullen and churlish in mood or manner
[例] The surly receptionist told us we would have to wait outside in the rain. 态度粗暴的接待员说我们必须在外面等——哪怕是在下雨。
[近] acid, bearish, bilious, cantankerous, disagreeable, dyspeptic, ill-humored, ill-natured, ornery, splenetic
[反] amiable, good-humored, good-natured, good-tempered 性格好的
symbol: ['sɜ:rli]
zhuji: 【记】sur＝sir，ly－像先生一般高高在上的－脾气暴躁的"
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 4)

正面: surmise
definition: 【考法1】['sɜ:rmaɪz] n.(根据不足的)推测,揣测:a thought or idea based on scanty evidence
[例] My surmise is that the couple's“good news”is the announcement that they are going to have a baby. 我猜那对夫妻说的“好消息”就是他们要有小孩了。
[近] guess, hypothesis, shot, supposition, theory
[反] fact 事实
【考法2】[sər'maɪz] vt. 推测:to form a notion of from scanty evidence
[例] From his tone I surmised that he was unhappy. 从他的语气中我猜测他并不高兴。
[近] assume, conjecture, daresay, imagine, infer, presume, speculate, suppose, suspect
[反] demonstrate, prove, substantiate, validate 证明
symbol: None
zhuji: 【记】sur下面，mise放－放下想法－推测"
zhuji3000: 【根】 sur [于…之上] + mis [send] + -e [v.], send [=put] (conjectures) upon → n. (根据不足的) 推测,揣测
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 4)

正面: surmount
definition: 【考法】vt. 战胜,获得胜利:to achieve a victory over
[例] an Olympic swimmer who surmounted endless obstacles to achieve her goals 一个克服重重困难最终实现目标的奥运游泳运动员
[近] conquer, defeat, overbear, overcome, overmatch, prevail, subdue, triumph, win
[反] lose 失败
symbol: [sər'maʊnt]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 4)

正面: surpass
definition: 【考法1】vt. 超越,强于:to become better, greater, or stronger than
[例] She always tried to surpass her older brother at anything he did, which results in his diffidence. 她在任何一个方面都要比她哥哥优秀,由此导致了他自信心的缺乏。
[近] beat, better, eclipse, exceed, excel, outclass, outmatch, outshine, outstrip, overtop, transcend
[反] fall behind 落后
【考法2】vt. 突破(界限、记录等):to go beyond the limit of
[例] The sales of the band's newest CD have surpassed the combined sales of its last two albums. 乐队新专辑 的发售量甚至超过了前两张销售量的总和。
[近] break, outreach, outrun, overpass, overreach, overrun, overstep
symbol: [sər'pæs]
zhuji3000: 【根】 sur- [over] + pass [pass], pass over (sb.) → vt.超越,强于;pass over (the best) → vt. 突破 (界限、纪录等)
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 4)

正面: surrogate
definition: 【考法】n. 替代品:one that takes the place of another
[例] For some people, Google Earth is never a justified surrogate for actual travel. 对于一部分人而言,谷歌地球不是实地旅行的合理替代品。
[近] backup, cover, fill-in, relief, replacement, reserve, stand-in, substitute
symbol: ['sɜ:rəgət]
zhuji: 【记】sur下面，rog问，ate：坐在窗口下面问你的人－代理人读：三肉gate，门上挂了三块肉－代替了买肉的地方。
zhuji3000: 【根】 sur- [sub-, under, in the place of] + rog [ask] + -ate [n.], ask sth./sb. in the place of → n. 替代品
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 5)

正面: surveillance
definition: 【考法】n. 监视,监控:close observation of a person or group, especially one under suspicion
[例] government surveillance of suspected terrorists 政府对于恐怖分子嫌疑人的监控
[近] oversight, supervision, watch
symbol: [sɜ:r'veɪləns]
zhuji: 【记】sur下面，veillance＝vigilance（n 警戒）：监视sur下面，veil（n 面纱），lance：脸的下面有面纱－蒙面大盗－监视别人"
zhuji3000: 【根】 sur [在上面] + veil (l) [看, 联想成view] + -ance [n.], 在上面看 → n. 监视,监控
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 5)

正面: tame
definition: 【考法1】adj. 被驯化的:reduced from a state of native wildness especially so as to be tractable and useful to humans
[例] Every evening, a wild Canada goose is at the food trough with our tame geese. 每天傍晚的食槽边总会出现一只野生加拿大鹅和我们饲养的家鹅一起进食。
[近] domestic, domesticated, tamed
[反] feral, savage, undomesticated, untamed, wild 野生的
【考法2】adj. 无聊的,乏味的:lacking spirit, zest, interest, or the capacity to excite
[例] That action movie was so tame I fell asleep about 20 minutes into it. 那部动作片实在是太无聊了,我刚开场二十分钟就睡着了。
[近] arid, drab, dreary, drudging, humdrum, insipid, jading, jejune, monochromatic, monotonous, pedestrian, ponderous, stale, stodgy, tedious, tiresome, wearisome
[反] absorbing, engaging, engrossing, gripping, interesting, intriguing, involving, riveting 令人感兴趣的
【考法3】vt. 控制,抑制:to keep from exceeding a desirable degree or level(as of expression)
[例] Try to tame your language when you are in front of the kids. 在孩子面前注意一下你的措辞。
[近] bridle, check, constrain, contain, curb, govern, hold, inhibit, keep, measure, regulate, rein, restrain, rule
[反] unleash 宣泄(感情等)
symbol: [teɪm]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 5)

正面: tangle
definition: 【考法1】n. 困惑,不解:a state of perplexity or complete bewilderment
[例] My mind has been in a tangle ever since I learned some information about an old, deceased acquaintance. 自从我获知一位已故的老熟人的一些消息之后我就陷入了困惑之中。
[近] bafflement, befuddlement, bemusement, bewilderment, confusedness, distraction, muddle, mystification, perplexity, puzzlement, whirl
[反] assurance, certainty, certitude, confidence, conviction, sureness 确信
【考法2】vt. 纠缠,使…纠结:to seize and hold in or as if in a snare
[例] He was at last tangled in the web of lies that he had told to everyone. 他最终被自己所编织的谎言缠住了。
[近] enmesh, ensnare, ensnarl, entrap, mesh, net, snare, trap
[反] disentangle 解开
symbol: ['tæŋgl]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 5)

正面: teeming
definition: 【考法】adj. 大量的:possessing or covered with great numbers or amounts of something specified
[例] oceans teeming with life 孕育着无穷生命的海洋
[近] abundant, ample, awash, cornucopian, flush, fraught, lousy, replete, swarming, thick, thronging
[反] bare, barren, blank, devoid, empty, stark, vacant, void 贫瘠的,空无一物的
symbol: ['ti:mɪŋ]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 5)

正面: temporal
definition: 【考法】adj. 世俗的,尘世的:of or relating to earthly life
[例] The master told his disciples not to worry about temporal concerns, but instead focus on spiritual matters. 大师要弟子们不要为尘世间的纷争而苦恼,而是将精神集中于灵魂上的思考。
[近] carnal, earthborn, earthbound, fleshly, material, mundane, secular, sublunary, terrene, terrestrial, worldly
[反] heavenly, unearthly, unworldly 非尘世间的;spiritual 精神上的;religious 宗教的
symbol: ['tempərəl]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 5)

正面: tentative
definition: 【考法】adj. 暂时性的,尝试的:not fully worked out or developed
[例] Our plans are only tentative at this point and will depend on whether you can come. 我们的计划只是暂时性的,具体还要看你能否前来。
[近] ad interim, impermanent, interim, provisional, provisionary, provisory, short-term, temporary, trial
[反] final 最终的;ceaseless, endless, eternal, immortal, permanent, perpetual, undying 永久性的
symbol: ['tentətɪv]
zhuji: 【记】tent（n 帐篷），ative－住帐篷是因为房子还末完全完工的－测试性的"
zhuji3000: 【联】 tent [tend, 伸展] + at + -ive [a.], 伸手“探探” → a.暂时性的,尝试的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 5)

正面: thick-skinned
definition: 【考法】adj. 冷漠无情的,不顾及他人感受的:largely unaffected by the needs and feelings of other people
[例] She was so thick-skinned that she was clueless about the fact that the joke had hurt her friend's feelings. 她很少顾及他人的感受,以至于根本没有意识到那个玩笑伤害了她朋友的感情。
[近] affectless, callous, cold-blooded, heartless, indurate, inhumane, insensitive, merciless, obdurate, ruthless
[反] charitable, compassionate, humane, kindhearted, merciful, sympathetic, tender, warmhearted 慈善的
symbol: [ˌθɪk'skɪnd]
zhuji3000: 【根】 thick [厚] + skin [皮] + -ed [的], 一个人皮厚,不知道冷暖 → a. 冷漠无情的,不顾他人感受的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 5)

正面: thrill
definition: 【考法1】n. 强烈的兴奋感,快感:a pleasurably intense stimulation of the feelings
[例] Everyone gets a real thrill out of the Independence Day fireworks. 每个人都因独立日的焰火表演而感到无比的兴奋。
[近] bang, boot, exhilaration, frisson, jollies, kick, rush, titillation, wallop
【考法2】vt. 使兴奋,使激动:to cause to experience a sudden sharp feeling of excitement
[例] I was thrilled to hear that you got the promotion that you'd been so desperately wanting. 听到你终于获得了梦寐已久的升职,我感到非常激动。
[近] arouse, charge, electrify, excite, exhilarate, galvanize, intoxicate, provoke, stimulate, titillate, pump up
[反] bore, jade, pall, tire, weary 使厌倦
[派] thrilling adj. 刺激的;thriller n. 恐怖电影
symbol: [θrɪl]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 5)

正面: timely
definition: 【考法1】adj. 及时的,无拖延的:done, carried out, or given without delay
[例] When I order a pizza, I expect it to be delivered in a timely manner. 当我在外面点了披萨饼,我就希望它能按时送到。
[近] immediate, punctual, speedy
[反] belated, late, tardy 迟到的,延迟的
【考法2】adj. 恰到好处的,合乎适宜的:appropriate or adapted to the times or the occasion
[例] Timely invitation to lunch came just as I was starting to feel hungry. 正当我开始感到饥饿的时候,就有人适时地邀请我吃午饭了。
[近] opportune, seasonable, well-timed
[反] inopportune, unseasonable, untimely 不合时宜的
symbol: ['taɪmli]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 5)

正面: trifle
definition: 【考法1】n. 不重要的事:something of little importance or value
[例] Let us not speak of trifles when our nation may be going to war. 战事在即,我们还是先放下这些琐事吧。
[近] bagatelle, frippery, triviality
[派] trifling adj. 不重要的
【考法2】vi. 不正经地对待,玩弄:to behave amorously without serious intent
[例] Do not trifle with me unless you mean to ask me to marry you. 如果你不是真心想和我结婚,就请不要来玩弄我的感情。
[近] coquet, dally, flirt, frivol, toy
symbol: ['traɪfl]
zhuji3000: 【参】 trivial [a. 不重要的, 琐碎的] → n. 不重要的事;不正经地对待,玩弄
【派】 trifling [a. 细微的,不重要的]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 6)

正面: trifling
definition: 【考法】adj. 细微的,不重要的:lacking in significance or solid worth
[例] Deciding what you want to do for a living is no trifling matter. 决定维持生计的行当可不是一件小事。‖trifling differences between the theatrical and DVD versions of the movie 这部电影影院版和DVD版的细微区别
[近] frivolous, inconsequential, inconsiderable, insignificant, minor, minute, negligible, nugatory, slight, trivial
[反] consequential, eventful, important, meaningful, momentous, significant, substantial, weighty 重要的
symbol: ['traɪflɪŋ]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 6)

正面: tycoon
definition: 【考法】n. 大亨,巨头:a person of rank, power, or influence in a particular field
[例] an oil tycoon who's widely considered the most powerful man in the county 被认为是郡上最有势力的一个石油大亨‖The automobile tycoon is on the verge of bankruptcy. 汽车巨头濒临破产的边缘。
[近] baron, captain, king, lion, lord, magnate, mogul, monarch, prince
[反] nobody, nothing, zero 不起眼的人物
symbol: [taɪ'ku:n]
zhuji: 【记】源于：日语“太君”
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 6)

正面: tyrant
definition: 【考法】n. 暴君:a ruler who exercises absolute power oppressively or brutally
[例] The people universally feared the tyrant, who was notorious for his frequent use of torture. 人们都非常恐惧这个暴君,因为他有着经常折磨人的臭名。
[近] dictator, oppressor, pharaoh, strongman
[派] tyranny n. 暴政,苛政
symbol: ['taɪrənt]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 6)

正面: umbrage
definition: 【考法】n. 不悦,生气:the feeling of being offended or resentful after a slight or indignity
[例] He would take umbrage at the slightest suggestion of disrespect. 哪怕是一点点的不敬也会让他不悦。
[近] dudgeon, huff, miff, offense, peeve, resentment
[反] contentment, delight, gratification, happiness, pleasure 满意,高兴
symbol: ['ʌmbrɪʤ]
zhuji: 【记】umbr影子，age－心里的影子－不快；阴影
zhuji3000: 【根】 umbr [shadow] + -age [n.], (活) 在阴影中 → n. 不悦,生气
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 6)

正面: unanimous
definition: 【考法】adj. 一致同意的:having the agreement and consent of all
[例] a unanimous vote to upgrade the school's computer facilities 一致同意对学校的计算机设备进行升级
[近] consentaneous, uncontested
[派] unanimity n. 一致同意
symbol: [ju'nænɪməs]
zhuji: 【记】un＝uni统一，anim生命，精神，ous：有统一的精神－全体一致的
zhuji3000: 【根】 un (i) - [one, single] + anim [life] + -ous [a.], one single life [=spirit], “万众一心” → a. 一致同意的
[注] 前缀uni-表示one, single [唯一]。例如uniform [统一的] 字面含义“single [uni-] form”。
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 6)

正面: unavailing
definition: 【考法】adj. 徒劳的,无果的:producing no results
[例] an unavailing effort to avert a war 试图避免战争的徒劳尝试
[近] abortive, barren, bootless, fruitless, ineffectual, unproductive, unprofitable, unsuccessful, useless, vain
[反] effective, effectual, efficacious, fruitful, potent, productive 有效的;successful 成功的
symbol: [ˌʌnə'veɪlɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】un不，avail（v 有益于），ing：无效的
zhuji3000: 【记】 un- [not] + avail [n. 效用] + -ing [a.], 没有效用的 → a. 徒劳的,无果的
[注] avail表示“n. 效用;利益”,字面含义“to [a-=ad-] be worth [vail=val],有价值的” (类似value)。available指“有效用的,可利用的;空闲的 (因此可用)”。
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 6)

正面: unremitting
definition: 【考法】adj. 连续不断的:going on and on without any interruptions
[例] Unremitting rain lasted for six days. 连续下了六天的雨。
[近] ceaseless, continual, continuing, incessant, nonstop, perpetual, unbroken, uninterrupted
[反] discontinuous, intermittent 不连续的,有间断的
symbol: [ˌʌnrɪ'mɪtɪŋ]
zhuji: 【记】un不，remit（v 缓和；推迟），ting：坚持不懈的"
zhuji3000: 【根】 un- [not] + re- [back] + mit [send] + - (t) ing [a.], not sending (effort, etc.) back, 不 (将努力) 收回, 不松懈的 → a. 连续不断的
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 6)

正面: versed
definition: 【考法1】adj. 熟知的:having information especially as a result of study or experience
[例] versed in the latest developments in aeronautics 熟知航空业的最新发展情况
[近] abreast, acquainted, conversant, informed, knowledgeable, well-informed
[反] ignorant, unacquainted, unfamiliar, uninformed, unknowledgeable 无知的
【考法2】adj. 精通的:having or showing exceptional knowledge, experience, or skill in a field of endeavor
[例] well versed in the techniques of laser surgery 精通激光手术方面的技术
[近] accomplished, adept, complete, consummate, experienced, expert, master, practiced, professed, skilled, veteran, virtuoso
[反] amateur, inexperienced, inexpert, jackleg, unprofessional, unseasoned, unskilled 业余的,不精通的
symbol: [vɜ:rst]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 6)

正面: vile
definition: 【考法1】adj. 丑陋的:unpleasant to look at
[例] a truly vile combination of colors 着实丑陋的混搭色调
[近] grotesque, hideous, homely, monstrous
[反] aesthetic, attractive, beautiful, comely, cute, fair, gorgeous, handsome, ravishing, seemly 漂亮迷人的
【考法2】adj.(道德上)可鄙的,卑鄙的:morally despicable or abhorrent
[例] Nothing is so vile as intellectual dishonesty. 没什么比智力上的欺骗更为可鄙的了。
[近] base, contemptible, despicable, detestable, dishonorable, execrable, ignominious, mean, nasty, paltry, sordid, wretched
[反] honorable, lofty, noble, straight, upright, venerable, virtuous 有道德的,高尚的
symbol: [vaɪl]
zhuji: 【记】源于：vice（n 恶习；罪恶）"
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position: (31, 7)

正面: vocation
definition: 【考法】n. 职业:the work in which a person is regularly employed
[例] She finally made soccer her vocation instead of just a hobby. 她终于将足球从爱好升级为谋生的职业。
[近] calling, employment, occupation, profession, trade, work
[反] hobby 爱好
[派] vocational adj. 职业的,为职业做准备的
symbol: [voʊ'keɪ∫n]
zhuji3000: 【根】 voc [call] + -ation (n.), (上帝的) 召唤 → n. 职业
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 7)

正面: vouchsafe
definition: 【考法】vt. 允诺,给予:to grant or furnish often in a gracious or condescending manner
[例] refuse to vouchsafe an explanation 拒绝给出任何解释
[近] accord, award, grant, vest
[反] withhold 保留,不给予;recant, retract, withdraw 撤回,收回
symbol: [ˌvaʊt∫'seɪf]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 7)

正面: voyeur
definition: 【考法】n. 窥淫狂:one obtaining sexual gratification from observing unsuspecting individuals who are partly undressed, naked, or engaged in sexual acts
[例] They accidentally found out that their ostensibly benign neighbor is actually a voyeur. 他们偶然间发现那个表面和善的邻居居然是一个偷窥狂。
[近] peeper
[派] voyeurism n. 偷窥癖
symbol: [vɔɪ'ɜ:r]
zhuji: 【记】voy看，eur人－看别人裸体的人－窥淫者"
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position: (31, 7)

正面: wanting
definition: 【考法1】adj. 未出现的,缺少的:not present or in evidence
[例] Grass is almost entirely wanting in that arid wasteland. 那片荒漠几乎没有长一丝青草。
[近] absent, lacking, missing, nonexistent
[反] existent, present 存在的,出现的
【考法2】adj. 未达到要求的:not being up to standards or expectations
[例] He examined her work and found it wanting. 他检查了她的工作,发现不合要求。‖We tried her cooking and found it to be very wanting. 我们试了试她的厨艺,结果发现很不尽人意。
[近] deficient, dissatisfactory, ill, inferior, lousy, paltry, poor, unacceptable, unsatisfactory, wretched
[反] acceptable, adequate, passable, tolerable 可接受的;satisfactory 令人满意的
symbol: ['wɑ:ntɪŋ]
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position: (31, 7)

正面: wayward
definition: 【考法】adj. 刚愎自用的,不服管束的:following one's own capricious, wanton, or depraved inclinations
[例] He had always been the most wayward of their three children. 他总是三个小孩里最不听话的一个。wayward children with a history of behavioral problems 过去行为上有些问题的调皮小孩
[近] balky, contrary, contumacious, defiant, intractable, obstreperous, rebellious, recalcitrant, refractory, unruly
[反] amenable, biddable, compliant, conformable, docile, obedient, ruly, submissive, tractable 顺从的
symbol: ['weɪwərd]
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position: (31, 7)

正面: weather
definition: 【考法】vt. 安全度过(危机等),经受住:to come through(something)safely
[例] We have weathered worse crises, and so we'll survive this one. 更为严重的危机我们都闯过了,这个也不会有问题的。‖They weathered a terrible storm while at sea. 他们在海上平安渡过了一场巨大的风暴。
[近] survive
[反] decease, die, expire, perish, succumb, pass away 死亡,消亡
symbol: ['weðər]
zhuji: 【记】原指：天气的意思－平安度过坏天气－经受住"
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position: (31, 7)

正面: willful
definition: 【考法1】adj. 固执的,倔强的:obstinately and often perversely self-willed
[例] Finally the parents sought professional counseling for the willful child. 最终家长不得不为倔强的小孩寻求专业咨询。
[近] adamant, headstrong, immovable, implacable, inconvincible, inflexible, intransigent, mulish, obdurate, pertinacious, perverse, stubborn, unyielding, wrongheaded
[反] acquiescent, agreeable, amenable, compliant, flexible, pliable, pliant, relenting, yielding 易受影响的
【考法2】adj. 故意的:done deliberately
[例] a willful attempt to cheat her siblings out of their rightful inheritance 想将继承权从她的兄弟姐妹手里骗过来的企图
[近] conscious, deliberate, intended, intentional, knowing, purposeful, voluntary, willed, witting
[反] accidental, chance, haphazard, inadvertent, incidental, random 不经意的,偶然的
symbol: ['wɪlfl]
zhuji3000: 【根】 will [决心,意图] + -ful [a., full of], full of will, 充满决心 → a. 固执的,倔强的;(充满) 意图 → a. 故意的
[注] 谚语“Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.”中的willing形容“有 (坚定) 意愿的”。
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position: (31, 7)

正面: willy-nilly
definition: 【考法1】adv. 不论是否愿意地:whether desired or not
[例] After her boss fell sick, she willy-nilly found herself directing the project. 在她老板生病后,她发现自己不论愿不愿意,都得接手这项工程。
[近] helplessly, inescapably, inevitably, perforce, unavoidably
【考法2】adj. 无秩序的,随意的:without order or plan
[例] willy-nilly taxing laws 杂乱无序的税收法
[近] aimless, arbitrary, desultory, erratic, haphazard, scattered, slapdash, stray
[反] methodical, orderly, organized, regular, systematic 有序的,有组织的
symbol: [ˌwɪli 'nɪli]
zhuji3000: 【联】 willing or not willing → a./ad. 不论是否愿意的 (地);读音相似的叠字经常表示“乱七八糟” (例如topsy-turvy) → a. 无秩序的,随意的
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position: (31, 7)

正面: wilt
definition: 【考法1】vi.(花、植物等)萎蔫:to become limp or flaccid
[例] The plants wilted after I forgot to water them for three whole days. 在我整整三天忘记浇水之后,植物们全都萎蔫了。
[近] flag, hang, loll, sag, swag
【考法2】vi. 精神萎靡,憔悴:to feel or exhibit the effects of fatigue or exhaustion
[例] She had wilted a bit after walking around the hot and humid city. 在炎热潮湿的城市中行走使得她略显憔悴。His brain wilted from hitherto unprecedented weariness. 在前所未有的疲劳面前,他开始变得脑力衰弱。
[近] decay, droop, emaciate, fade, fail, lag, languish, sink, waste, wither
[反] convalesce, rally, rebound, recover, recuperate 康复,复原
symbol: [wɪlt]
zhuji: 【记】源于：wither（v 使凋谢）"
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position: (31, 7)

正面: wily
definition: 【考法】adj. 狡诈的,狡猾的:clever at attaining one's ends by indirect and often deceptive means
[例] He is an experienced and wily old statesman. 他是一个经验丰富而狡诈的老政治家。‖His wily plan only rebounded on himself. 聪明反被聪明误。
[近] beguiling, cagey, crafty, cunning, devious, foxy, guileful, scheming, shrewd, slick, sly, subtle, tricky
[反] artless, guileless, ingenuous, innocent, undesigning 天真的,单纯的
symbol: ['waɪli]
zhuji: 【记】读：歪理，总是给人家讲歪理－诡计多端的源于：wile（n /v 诡计；欺骗）"
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position: (31, 8)

正面: wiretap
definition: 【考法】n./vt. 偷听,窃听:to tap a telephone or telegraph wire in order to get information
[例] This line is not clean as CIA might have wiretapped it. 这条线路不安全,因为中情局可能已经在监听了。
[近] eavesdrop, overhear, tap
symbol: ['waɪərtæp]
zhuji3000: 【根】 wire [电线] + tap [ (接入) 水龙头], 在信息传输线路中接入“水龙头” → n.&v. 偷听,窃听
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position: (31, 8)

正面: wistful
definition: 【考法】adj.(带着忧伤而)渴望的,怀念的:full of yearning or desire tinged with melancholy
[例] There was a wistful look in his eyes when he spoke of his childhood. 当他谈起他的童年时,眼眶中不禁流露出一种带有忧伤的怀念之情。
[近] longing, nostalgic, reminiscent, yearning
[反] apathetic, indifferent, insouciant, nonchalant, perfunctory, unconcerned 无所谓的,不感兴趣的
symbol: ['wɪstfl]
zhuji: 【记】w＝want，ist人，ful：总是want的人－渴望的"
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position: (31, 8)

正面: wrest
definition: 【考法1】vt. 拧,扭动:to pull, force, or move by violent wringing or twisting movements
[例] wrest the lid off this pickle jar 把泡菜罐的盖子拧下来
[近] twist, wrench, wring
【考法2】vt. 辛苦地获得:to gain with difficulty by or as if by force, violence, or determined labor
[例] farmers who were used to wresting a living from the barren land 一度依靠贫瘠的土地辛苦度日的农民
[近] scrape, scrounge, squeeze
symbol: [rest]
zhuji: 【记】wr＝wry（v 扭曲），est最：用猛烈扭的动作取得"
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position: (31, 8)

正面: wrongheaded
definition: 【考法】adj. 固执己见的,坚持(错误观点)的:stubborn in adherence to wrong opinion or principles
[例] In spite of other's objections, he is always wrongheaded in his opinions. 他总是不管他人的反对而固执地坚持自己哪怕是错误的观点。
[近] adamant, headstrong, immovable, implacable, inconvincible, inflexible, intransigent, mulish, obdurate, pertinacious, perverse, stubborn, unyielding, willful
[反] acquiescent, agreeable, amenable, compliant, flexible, pliable, pliant, relenting, yielding 易受影响的
symbol: [ˌrɔ:ŋ' hedɪd]
Other fields (not shown on cards):
position: (31, 8)