Title: GRE1000

正面: attrition
symbol: [əˈtrɪʃn]
definition: i.　n. the act of weakening or exhausting by abuse or attack 削弱/消耗
ii.　n. the act of rubbing together: friction 摩擦/磨损

正面: transmute
symbol: [trænsˈmjuːt]
definition: v. to change or alter especially to a higher form (使)变形/(使)质变
sim: 【近】transform, convert, metamorphose, transfigure, transpose

正面: hegemony
symbol: [hɪˈdʒemoʊni]
definition: n. preponderant influence or authority over others: domination 霸权/主导权
sim: 【近】ascendancy, dominion, predominance, preeminence
zhuji: 【记】 he他(希特勒) + Germany德国，凭借创造出经济奇迹，收复领土及举办奥运会，希特勒受到多数德国人的拥护，一度使德国成为霸权国家；音: 黑哥 money 黑道大哥抢钱，真是霸权

正面: elusive
symbol: [iˈluːsɪv]
definition: i.　adj. hard to comprehend or define: vague 模糊的/难以确定的
ii.　adj. tending to evade grasp or pursuit 难懂的
sim: 【近】elusory, evasive, intangible, baffling, phantom

正面: evanescent
symbol: [ˌevəˈnesnt]
definition: adj. tending to vanish like vapor: transient 容易消失的/短暂的
sim: 【近】transitory, ephemeral, fleeting, momentary; fugitive, volatile
zhuji: 【记】 e 出，外 + vanish 消失，一出去就消失→短暂<br>【另】 evanesce 消失，消散

正面: irk
symbol: [ɜːrk]
definition: v. to make weary, irritated, or bored 激怒/使厌倦/使烦恼
sim: 【近】annoy, abrade, gall, provoke
zhuji: 【记】 近于ire 愤怒；音：恶咳，我咳；音：饿渴，又饿又渴或恶心咳嗽都会苦恼厌烦

正面: steadfast
symbol: [ˈstedfæst]
definition: i.　adj. firmly fixed in place: immovable 不变的/固定的
ii.　adj. firm in belief, determination, or adherence: loyal 坚定的/忠诚的
sim: 【近】adamant, inexorable, obdurate, relentless, rigid, unyielding; allegiant, ardent, resolute, staunch
ano: 【反】vacillating, capricious
zhuji: 【记】 steady 稳固的 + fast 牢固的

正面: recrudescence
symbol: [ˌriːkruːˈdesns]
definition: n. a new outbreak after a period of abatement or inactivity: renewal 复苏/复发
sim: 【近】returning, reacting, recurring, reverting
ano: 【反】repressing, suppressing; cessation, discontinuation

正面: perfidy
symbol: [ˈpɜːrfədi]
definition: n. the quality or state of being faithless or disloyal: treachery 不忠诚/不诚实
sim: 【近】perfidiousness, treason, infidelity
ano: 【反】fidelity, fealty

正面: vindictive
symbol: [vɪnˈdɪktɪv]
definition: i.　adj. disposed to seek revenge: vengeful 寻求报复的/怀恨在心的
ii.　adj. intended to cause anguish or hurt: spiteful 恶意的/有害的
sim: 【近】revengeful, vengeful
ano: 【反】charitable, forgiving, merciful, relenting
zhuji: 【记】 源自venge 报复；胜利后最常见的特点是要报复,惩罚，杀(敌人)；win verdict 赢得法院裁决就是对另一方的报复<br>【另】 vendetta 深仇

正面: underscore
symbol: [ˌʌndərˈskɔːr]
definition: v. to make evident: emphasize, stress 强调
sim: 【近】feature, italicize, play up, underline
zhuji: 【记】 under score 刻痕,划线，得分,乐谱

正面: hail
symbol: [heɪl]
definition: i.　v. to greet with enthusiastic approval: acclaim, salute 致敬/打招呼
ii.　n. precipitation in the form of small balls or lumps 冰雹
sim: 【近】commend, applaud, compliment, praise
ano: 【反】belittle, depreciate, disparage, downgrade; berate, censure, condemn

正面: apposite
symbol: [ˈæpəzɪt]
definition: adj. highly pertinent or appropriate: apt 合适的/相关的
sim: 【近】relevant, ad rem, applicable, apropos, germane
ano: 【反】inapt; inept; casual, haphazard
zhuji: 【记】 ap + position 到位的，说话做事到位,合适

正面: forthright
symbol: [ˈfɔːrθraɪt]
definition: adj. free from ambiguity or evasiveness: going straight to the point 直率的/明确的
sim: 【近】straightforward, aboveboard; frank, candid, plain, undisguised
ano: 【反】furtive, covert, surreptitious, underhand; deceitful, mendacious
zhuji: 【记】 forth往前 + right 直；for 向，有朝向的意思，forward向前

正面: reverent
symbol: [ˈrevərənt]
definition: adj. expressing or characterized by respect and honor: worshipful 恭敬的/虔诚的

正面: abstruse
symbol: [əbˈstruːs]
definition: adj. difficult to comprehend: recondite 深奥的/难懂的
sim: 【近】esoteric, hermetic, occult, profound
ano: 【反】plain, manifest, lucid, perspicuous, palpable
zhuji: 【记】 ab + truth 不是真理→难懂；abs + trusive 不突出，出头鸟一看就能看到；<br>【另】 obtrusive：unpleasantly noticeable or prominent.

正面: lethargy
symbol: [ˈleθərdʒi]
definition: i.　n. the quality or state of being lazy, sluggish, or indifferent 懒散/冷漠/无精打采
ii.　n. abnormal drowsiness 困倦/睡意
sim: 【近】lassitude, coma
ano: 【反】aptness, promptness, alertness

正面: vapid
symbol: [ˈvæpɪd]
definition: adj. lacking liveliness, tang, briskness, or force: flat, dull 无聊的/死气沉沉的
sim: 【近】insipid, driveling, inane, innocuous, jejune, sapless
ano: 【反】brisk, tangy, zesty; incisive, trenchant; pregnant, telling
zhuji: 【记】 源自vapor，你尝尝蒸汽，是无味<br>【另】 insipid 无味的

正面: recrimination
symbol: [rɪˌkrɪmɪˈneɪʃn]
definition: n. a retaliatory accusation (报复性的)指控/反责
sim: 【近】reproach, abuse, criticism, reproof

正面: supplicate
symbol: [ˌsʌplɪˈkeɪt]
definition: v. to make an earnest and humble request 恳请/祈求
sim: 【近】beg, appeal, beseech, crave, entreat, implore, importune, plead
zhuji: 【记】 supply 供给，提供，恳求别人提供东西<br>Where there is a will, there is a way.　　有志者事竟成。

正面: stalwart
symbol: [ˈstɔːlwərt]
definition: adj. marked by outstanding strength and vigor of body, mind, or spirit: strong 坚定的/健壮的
sim: 【近】stout, sturdy, tenacious, tough
ano: 【反】frail, feeble, weak
zhuji: 【记】 stall 畜栏 + war 战争，战争时畜栏里的战马都是健壮的；tall 高 + war 战争，长得高大打仗→健壮<br>【另】 stout 结实的, 勇敢坚定的

正面: iconoclast
symbol: [aɪˈkɑːnəklæst]
definition: n. a person who attacks settled beliefs or institutions 打破传统的人/反对偶像崇拜的人
zhuji: 【记】 icon + clash 冲撞偶像

正面: byzantine
symbol: [ˈbɪzəntiːn]
definition: adj. intricately involved: complicated 错综复杂的
sim: 【近】labyrinthine, elaborate, intricate, involved, knotty, sophisticated
zhuji: 【记】 译音：拜占庭

正面: sedentary
symbol: [ˈsednteri]
definition: i.　adj. not migratory: settled 定居的/不迁徙的
ii.　adj. doing or requiring much sitting 久坐的
zhuji: 【记】 president 总统，总裁，头都总是坐办公室的；其它的还有student学生(坐着学习)和resident居民(坐在家里)

正面: inviolable
symbol: [ɪnˈvaɪələbl]
definition: adj. secure from violation or assault: unassailable 神圣的/不可侵犯的
sim: 【近】sacred, inviolate, sacrosanct, divine

正面: avert
symbol: [əˈvɜːrt]
definition: v. to turn away or aside in avoidance: prevent 防止/避免
sim: 【近】deflect, divert; deter, forestall, obviate, preclude
ano: 【反】advance, further, promote

正面: trite
symbol: [traɪt]
definition: adj. hackneyed or boring from much use: not original 陈腐的/非原创的
sim: 【近】cliché, commonplace, hackneyed, stereotypical, threadbare, timeworn
ano: 【反】novel, original, creative, imaginative; distinctive
zhuji: 【记】 看成tried: try 试穿衣服 + ed， 到商店去买衣服，这些衣服都是被tried过的，不是崭新的，而是旧的，有磨损了的

正面: pragmatic
symbol: [præɡˈmætɪk]
definition: adj. practical as opposed to idealistic: realistic 现实的/实用主义的
sim: 【近】down-to-earth, hard-boiled, hardheaded
ano: 【反】fantastic, idealistic, quixotic
zhuji: 【记】 practical实际的 c=g

正面: imperturbable
symbol: [ˌɪmpərˈtɜːrbəbl]
definition: adj. marked by extreme calm, impassivity, and steadiness: serene 冷静的/平和的
sim: 【近】collected, composed, nonchalant, unflappable, unruffled
ano: 【反】choleric, touchy, discomfited, disconcerted, rattled, irascible
zhuji: 【记】 im + perturb；disturb 打扰

正面: precedent
symbol: [ˈpresɪdənt]
definition: i.　adj. prior in time, order, arrangement, or significance: preceding 先前的
ii.　n. an earlier occurrence of something similar 先例/前例
sim: 【近】antecedent, anterior, foregoing
zhuji: 【记】 pre 前，先 + cede 走→先驱，走在前面的

正面: obscure
symbol: [əbˈskjʊr]
definition: i.　adj. not clearly seen or easily distinguished: dark or dim 昏暗的/模糊的
ii.　adj. not readily understood or clearly expressed: mysterious 神秘的/难懂的
iii.　adj. relatively unknown, not prominent or famous: remote, secluded 不出名的/隐蔽的
iv. v. to conceal or hide by or as if by covering 隐藏/掩盖
sim: 【近】ambiguous, equivocal, murky, nebulous, opaque, unintelligible, vague
ano: 【反】celebrated, famed, distinguished, notable, renowned
zhuji: 【记】 ob 不 + secure 安全的，放心的，开车不安全主要是黑暗，或者(天气不好)看不清

正面: magnate
symbol: [ˈmæɡneɪt]
definition: n. a person of rank, power, influence, or distinction often in a specified area 巨头
sim: 【近】baron, tycoon, personage

正面: preempt
symbol: [priˈempt]
definition: i.　v. to prevent from happening or taking place: forestall, preclude 预防/阻止
ii.　v. to seize upon to the exclusion of others: appropriate 抢先占有
sim: 【近】annex, arrogate, confiscate, expropriate, sequester
zhuji: 【记】 pre + empt 买；pre + empt 预先买空，预先将市场中的商品收购一空；pre + em 买<br>【另】 redeem(re + em) 赎回, 补偿

正面: sanguine
symbol: [ˈsæŋɡwɪn]
definition: adj. confidently optimistic and cheerful: confident 自信的/乐观的
sim: 【近】assured, secure, self-assured
ano: 【反】pessimistic, gloomy, despairing
zhuji: 【记】 sangu- 血，血多就脸色红润，有活力乐观，中世纪心理学认为与人性格相关有四种体液型<br>，多血、胆汁、黏液和抑郁型；sun + green 或grin 笑，经常户外接触阳光与绿色大自然的人是乐观的<br>，经常运动，面色也是红润的，血液丰富；sang (sing过去时)+音：歌，唱歌的人是乐观的；音：三棍，打三记军棍能打出血来；

正面: invective
symbol: [ɪnˈvektɪv]
definition: adj. of, relating to, or characterized by insult or abuse 谩骂的/恶言的
sim: 【近】abusive, opprobrious, scurrilous, truculent, vituperative
zhuji: 【记】 in 不好的 + vector 矢量，动力→不好的力，动作→打人骂人；in + victim 受害者，受害者痛骂坏人；in 否定 + victory 胜利，没胜，输了，遭到痛骂

正面: noisome
symbol: [ˈnɔɪsəm]
definition: i.　adj. noxious, harmful 有害的
ii.　adj. highly obnoxious or objectionable 令人厌恶的/引起反对的
sim: 【近】offensive, disgusting, loathsome, nauseating, repulsive
ano: 【反】wholesome, salubrious, salutary
zhuji: 【记】 源自annoy，近于noxious 有害的，有毒的；noisy some 太吵了，讨厌，噪音是有害健康的

正面: vacuous
symbol: [ˈvækjuəs]
definition: i.　adj. emptied of or lacking content: empty 空的
ii.　adj. marked by lack of ideas or intelligence: stupid, inane 空洞的/无意义的
iii.　adj. devoid of serious occupation: idle 闲散的
sim: 【近】empty-headed, vacant, shallow, superficial
zhuji: 【记】 vacu- 空

正面: devolve
symbol: [dɪˈvɑːlv]
definition: i.　v. to degenerate through a gradual change or evolution: decay 退化/衰败
ii.　v. to pass by transmission or succession 转交/转移
sim: 【近】deteriorate, decline, degenerate, downfall
ano: 【反】develop, progress, evolve

正面: pellucid
symbol: [pəˈluːsɪd]
definition: i.　adj. easy to understand 清楚的/易懂的
ii.　adj. admitting maximum passage of light without diffusion or distortion 透明的
sim: 【近】lucent, lucid, luminous, translucent, transparent, transpicuous
ano: 【反】blurred, muddy, roily, turbid
zhuji: 【记】 源自per 彻底 + lucid 清晰的

正面: indigent
symbol: [ˈɪndɪdʒənt]
definition: adj. suffering from poverty: impoverished 贫穷的
sim: 【近】destitute, impecunious, impoverished, necessitous, needy, penurious
ano: 【反】affluent, opulent
zhuji: 【记】 音: 印第(安)真土，印第安人真土真穷；in + 音：地震→地震带来贫穷

正面: awry
symbol: [əˈraɪ]
definition: i.　adj. off the correct or expected course: amiss 错误的
ii.　adj. in a turned or twisted position or direction: askew 歪曲的/扭曲的
sim: 【近】astray, unfavorable, wrong, erroneous, faulty
zhuji: 【记】 a + wry 音：歪，弯→扭曲的

正面: uncanny
symbol: [ʌnˈkæni]
definition: adj. being beyond what is normal or expected: weird 离奇的/不正常的
sim: 【近】supernatural, supernormal
zhuji: 【记】 un + can 不可能，不可能的事情，不可思议，指超自然的离奇事情<br>【另】 与canny无关，canny 谨慎的, 精明的,节约的

正面: contemptuous
symbol: [kənˈtemptʃuəs]
definition: adj. manifesting, feeling, or expressing disrespect 蔑视的/不尊重的
sim: 【近】disdainful, scornful, despiteful

正面: stupefy
symbol: [ˈstuːpɪfaɪ]
definition: i.　v. to astonish, astound: stun 使惊讶/使意外
ii.　v. to make stupid, groggy, or insensible: dull 使变迟钝/使失去知觉
sim: 【近】benumb, paralyze

正面: exemplify
symbol: [ɪɡˈzemplɪfaɪ]
definition: i.　v. to show or illustrate by example (举例)证明
ii.　v. to be an instance of or serve as an example: embody 体现/是…的例子
sim: 【近】epitomize, typify, demonstrate, symbolize, personify

正面: audacious
symbol: [ɔːˈdeɪʃəs]
definition: i.　adj. intrepidly daring: adventurous 大胆的/无畏的
ii.　adj. recklessly bold: rash 鲁莽的/冒失的
sim: 【近】daredevil, foolhardy, reckless, brash, brazen, temerarious
ano: 【反】cautious, chary, wary, judicious, prudent, circumspect, discreet
zhuji: 【记】 发音象Odyssey 奥德塞，古希腊作家荷马史诗。奥德赛非常大胆，著名的特洛伊城木马计就是他设计的；Odyssey是特洛伊战争结束后回家途中大胆冒险的史诗

正面: gratuitous
symbol: [ɡrəˈtuːɪtəs]
definition: i.　adj. costing nothing: free 无偿的/免费的
ii.　adj. not called for by the circumstances: unwarranted 没有根据的/无缘无故的
sim: 【近】baseless, groundless, unfounded, ungrounded, indefensible
zhuji: 【记】 gratuity 小费，给小费是免费的，白送给人家的，不需额外的服务，而且没有什么根据的，理由的，不是必须的<br>【另】 unnecessary, unwarranted or unjustified

正面: flag
symbol: [flæg]
definition: i.　v. to decline in interest, attraction, or value 下降/减少
ii.　v. to become unsteady, feeble, or spiritless 衰弱/疲倦
sim: 【近】decline, deteriorate, languish, weaken, abate
zhuji: 【记】 象旗子般无力的下垂

正面: supplant
symbol: [səˈplænt]
definition: v. to take the place of and serve as a substitute for 取代/替代
sim: 【近】cut out, displace, usurp, replace, supersede
zhuji: 【记】 sup + plant 在下边，根处种植物

正面: duplicate
symbol: [ˈduːplɪkeɪt]
definition: i.　v. to make a copy of 复制
ii.　n. one that resembles or corresponds to another: counterpart 相似的人或事
iii.　n. either of two things exactly alike 副本/复制品
sim: 【近】imitate, reduplicate, replicate, reproduce
zhuji: 【记】 du(二) + plic(重复)→二种重复状态→复制；<br>【另】 double 两倍，complicate 复杂

正面: turbid
symbol: [ˈtɜːrbɪd]
definition: adj. deficient in clarity or purity: foul, muddy 浑浊的/模糊的
sim: 【近】riley, roily, obscure
ano: 【反】translucent, lucid, pellucid, transparent, undefiled, limpid
zhuji: 【记】 turb 搅 disturb 扰乱；turb + bid 混乱的投标，让人眼花看不清<br>【另】 disturb扰乱，打乱，perturb 扰乱，使心烦意乱，turbine 涡轮

正面: propitious
symbol: [prəˈpɪʃəs]
definition: i.　adj. favorably disposed: benevolent 友善的/仁慈的
ii.　adj. being a good omen: auspicious 吉利的/有前景的
iii.　adj. tending to favor: advantageous 有利的/合适的
sim: 【近】prosperous, benign, fortunate
ano: 【反】adverse, unpropitious
zhuji: 【记】 pro支持，倾向 + pity 同情，怜悯，有同情心的人是善良的，也会吉祥如意一帆风顺的

正面: lacerate
symbol: [ˈlæsəreɪt]
definition: v. to cause sharp mental or emotional pain to: distress 折磨/使痛苦
zhuji: 【记】 音：勒撕，裂撕 + ate 动词

正面: impervious
symbol: [ɪmˈpɜːrviəs]
definition: i.　adj. not allowing entrance or passage: impenetrable (光/水等)不能渗透的
ii.　adj. not capable of being affected or disturbed 不受影响的/无动于衷的
sim: 【近】impassable, impenetrable, impermeable, unpierceable
ano: 【反】vulnerable, susceptible
zhuji: 【记】 pervious 能被通过的<br>【另】 pervious(per 通过 + via 路) 能被通过的，pervasive 普遍深入的，遍及的

正面: prepossessing
symbol: [ˌpriːpəˈzesɪŋ]
definition: adj. tending to create a favorable impression: attractive 吸引人的/有魅力的
sim: 【近】alluring, appealing, captivating, drawing, enchanting, engaging, mesmeric
zhuji: 【记】 pre 预先 + process占有，拥有，赢得别人的好感

正面: conflate
symbol: [kənˈfleɪt]
definition: v. to combine into a composite whole: fuse 结合/合并
sim: 【近】amalgamate, integrate, merge, syndicate
ano: 【反】differentiate, discriminate, distinguish
zhuji: 【记】 con + flat 气，吹到一起； con + flat 弄到一起压平；<br>【另】 conflate 合并， deflate 放气，inflate 充气 膨胀，insufflate 吹入 吹进，flatulent 空虚 自负 浮夸的；flatus 肠胃胀气,气息,一阵风

正面: evoke
symbol: [ɪˈvoʊk]
definition: i.　v. to cite especially with approval or for support: invoke 引用(并寻求…的支持)/恳请
ii.　v. to bring to mind or recollection: call forth 引起/唤起(记忆或感情)
sim: 【近】educe, elicit, evince, extort, provoke, summon
zhuji: 【记】 e 出，外 + vocal 声音，外面有声音在召唤，向外呼唤→唤起；<br>【另】 vocation n.召唤, 号召, 天命, 职业，convoke (一起召呼)召集，equivoke (两个声音)双关语，含糊措词，evoke(向外召唤)唤起，invoke(内部人员的召唤)调用，provoke(公开叫阵)激怒，挑拨<br>，revoke(返回召唤)召回，撤回，废除

正面: avarice
symbol: [ˈævərɪs]
definition: n. excessive or insatiable desire for wealth or gain: greed, cupidity 贪婪
sim: 【近】avariciousness, avidity, rapacity
ano: 【反】prodigality, extravagance, bounty, liberality, munificence
zhuji: 【记】 音:爱+ various 爱各种不同的东西→贪婪；a 一 + 音：碗 + rice 一大碗米饭，贪婪地吃<br>【另】 vary多样化,改变, avid 渴望的

正面: imprudent
symbol: [ɪmˈpruːdnt]
definition: adj. not prudent: lacking discretion, wisdom, or good judgment 轻率的/鲁莽的
sim: 【近】unwise, ill-advised, impolitic, indiscreet
ano: 【反】judicious, expedient, advisable
zhuji: 【记】 im + prudent 谨慎，明智，源自provident(有远见的，预防的)；im否定 + p(音：不) + rude 粗野<br>，没教养的，双重否定还是rude；<br>【另】 prudent 谨慎的，明智的，形近president 总统，总裁，特点严谨真，智慧精明，审时度事

正面: deter
symbol: [dɪˈtɜːr]
definition: v. to turn aside, discourage, or prevent from acting: avert 阻止/预防/打消…的念头
sim: 【近】dissuade, divert, forestall, obviate, preclude
ano: 【反】abet, incite, instigate, provoke, stimulate
zhuji: 【记】 de + terror 恐怖活动，搞恐怖就是想吓唬人不让人做某事，搞勒索恐吓暗杀之类的<br>【另】 terrorist 恐怖分子 911恐怖袭击影响了全世界

正面: ornate
symbol: [ɔːrˈneɪt]
definition: adj. elaborately or excessively decorated: lavish 华丽的/奢华的
sim: 【近】baroque, flamboyant, florid, rococo, elaborate
ano: 【反】austere, unembellished, unostentatious, restrained, subdued

正面: fetid
symbol: [ˈfetɪd]
definition: adj. having a heavy offensive smell: malodorous (气味)恶臭的
sim: 【近】fusty, noisome, putrid, smelly, stinking
ano: 【反】aromatic, balmy, odorous, redolent, fragrant
zhuji: 【记】 feet ed 臭脚

正面: castigate
symbol: [ˈkæstɪɡeɪt]
definition: v. to subject to severe punishment, reproof, or criticism: punish (严厉地)批评/惩罚
sim: 【近】chastise, lambaste, excoriate, scathe
zhuji: 【记】 cast扔 + gate 往门上扔砖头→严责；investigate 调查以严责

正面: fetter
symbol: [ˈfetər]
definition: i.　n. a chain or shackle for the feet 脚镣/枷锁
ii.　n. something that confines: restraint 束缚/限制
iii.　v. to restrain from motion, action, or progress: shackle 束缚/限制
sim: 【近】hamper, curb, entrammel, hobble, leash
ano: 【反】disencumber, disentangle, untangle, extricate
zhuji: 【记】 feet + er 脚上挂的东西

正面: germane
symbol: [dʒɜːrˈmeɪn]
definition: adj. being at once relevant and appropriate: fitting 相关的/合适的
sim: 【近】ad rem, applicable, apposite, apropos, pertinent
ano: 【反】foreign, incompatible, incongruous, inconsonant
zhuji: 【记】 源自german，germ 胚芽 + an 一个，属于一个种子，胚芽，祖先；音：姐们，汉语拼音是哥们<br>，都是有密切关系的；German- 德国，英语中，德国与英国人是有同一个祖先<br>【另】 german 同父母的, 同(外)祖父母的

正面: vaunted
symbol: [ˈvɔːntɪd]
definition: adj. highly or widely praised or boasted about 自夸的/吹嘘的

正面: spendthrift
symbol: [ˈspendθrɪft]
definition: n./adj. a person who spends improvidently or wastefully 挥霍的/浪费的(人)
sim: 【近】prodigal, profligate, squanderer
ano: 【反】hoarder, miser
zhuji: 【记】 spend 花费 + thrift 节约 将节约的钱花掉， 真是大手大脚，挥金如土

正面: profuse
symbol: [prəˈfjuːs]
definition: adj. exhibiting great abundance: bountiful 丰富的/大量的
sim: 【近】exuberant, lavish, lush, opulent, riotous, copious
ano: 【反】exiguous, meager, slight, sparse, scanty

正面: paradigm
symbol: [ˈpærədaɪm]
definition: n. an outstandingly clear or typical example or archetype: model 范例/典型
sim: 【近】paragon, exemplar, ideal, pattern, standard
zhuji: 【记】 源自pare- 旁，compare + diagram 图，用来比较的图画→范例；parade 游行，检阅，展示，游行与阅兵展示的都是典型与范例

正面: paucity
symbol: [ˈpɔːsəti]
definition: n. smallness of number or quantity: fewness, dearth 缺乏/少量
sim: 【近】scarcity, insufficiency, poverty, scant
zhuji: 【记】 音：破 + city 城市；破city，这破城市，什么都没有，什么都缺

正面: perplex
symbol: [pərˈpleks]
definition: i.　v. to make unable to grasp something clearly: puzzle 使困惑/使为难
ii.　v. to make intricate or involved: complicate 使复杂化
sim: 【近】entangle, muddle, ravel, tangle

正面: avow
symbol: [əˈvaʊ]
definition: v. to declare assuredly: assert 宣称/公开承认
sim: 【近】affirm, aver, depose, predicate
ano: 【反】repudiate, withdraw

正面: malevolent
symbol: [məˈlevələnt]
definition: adj. showing intense and vicious ill will, spite, or hatred: malicious 恶意的
sim: 【近】despiteful, evil, malignant, spiteful, vicious, wicked
ano: 【反】benignant, benevolent
zhuji: 【记】 male 坏，邪 + volent will<br>【另】 benevolent 慈善的,仁慈的

正面: idolatry
symbol: [aɪˈdɑːlətri]
definition: i.　n. the worship of a physical object as a god 偶像崇拜/膜拜
ii.　n. immoderate attachment or devotion to something 盲目崇拜
sim: 【近】adoration, idolization

正面: abet
symbol: [əˈbet]
definition: i.　v. to actively second and encourage usually in wrongdoing: incite 教唆/煽动
ii.　v. to assist or support in the achievement of a purpose 支持/协助
sim: 【近】foment, instigate, provoke, stir
ano: 【反】forbid, prohibit, debar, deter, discourage
zhuji: 【记】 源自bait 饵, 以饵引诱；a + bet 赌博，赌博开始都是教唆的

正面: kowtow
symbol: [ˌkaʊˈtaʊ]
definition: v. to show obsequious deference: fawn 叩头/卑躬屈膝

正面: deliberate
symbol: [dɪˈlɪbərət]
definition: i.　adj. characterized by awareness of the consequences: voluntary 故意的
ii.　adj. characterized by careful and thorough consideration 深思熟虑的/考虑周全的
iii.　v. to think about or discuss issues and decisions carefully: ponder 仔细考虑
sim: 【近】speculate; meditate, revolve, ruminate
ano: 【反】casual, desultory, haphazard, random, abrupt, impetuous, spontaneous
zhuji: 【记】 de liberate 不是自由的放开想像，而是仔细严谨地思考

正面: allocate
symbol: [ˈæləkeɪt]
definition: v. to apportion for a specific purpose or at a particular location: distribute 分配/部署
sim: 【近】allot, admeasure, apportion, assign
ano: 【反】reserve, sequester

正面: unstinting
symbol: [ʌnˈstɪntɪŋ]
definition: i.　adj. not restricting or holding back 无限制的
ii.　adj. giving or being given freely or generously 慷慨的/大方的
sim: 【近】bighearted, bounteous, charitable, munificent, unsparing
ano: 【反】mingy, miserly, niggardly, parsimonious, penurious, stingy, tightfisted

正面: goad
symbol: [ɡoʊd]
definition: i.　n. something that urges or stimulates into action: spur 动机/激励
ii.　v. to incite or rouse as if with a goad 刺激/激励
sim: 【近】stimulus, catalyst, impetus, incentive, incitement
ano: 【反】curb
zhuji: 【记】 goal 目标能激励人；gold 金子能激励人；goat 赶羊用的 赶羊棒<br>Kill two birds with one stone. 一石二鸟。一箭双雕。

正面: autonomous
symbol: [ɔːˈtɑːnəməs]
definition: i.　adj. existing or capable of existing independently 独立生存的
ii.　adj. having the right or power of self-government 自治的/独立的
ano: 【反】subordinated, affiliated, allied

正面: foible
symbol: [ˈfɔɪbl]
definition: n. a minor flaw or shortcoming in character or behavior: weakness 小缺点/瑕疵
sim: 【近】fault, frailty, vice, imperfection
zhuji: 【记】 源自feeble 弱点；foil 剑，挫败；剑能击败别人是攻击的其弱点；音：腹部，人的腹部是最弱的部分

正面: indolent
symbol: [ˈɪndələnt]
definition: i.　adj. averse to activity, effort, or movement: habitually lazy 懒惰的/懒散的
sim: 【近】slothful, idle
ano: 【反】industrious, diligent, vigorous
zhuji: 【记】 in 不 + dole 痛，悲哀；in 不 + do 做 + lent 音:懒，不做事犯懒；indoor 整天呆在家里不出去工作<br>【另】 adolescent 青春期，condole 慰问, dole 悲哀，发救济，doleful 悲哀的，indolent 懒惰的, 不痛的，redolent 芬芳的

正面: limpid
symbol: [ˈlɪmpɪd]
definition: i.　adj. marked by transparency and clarity: pellucid 透明的/清澈的
ii.　adj. absolutely serene and untroubled 平静的/无忧无虑的
sim: 【近】transparent, translucent
zhuji: 【记】 lim- 湖 + 音：盆，象一盆湖水般透明与平静；音：临盆的，临盆是指妇女生产时在一盆清澈的温水旁；音：淋喷的，淋浴时喷的水是清澈的；<br>【另】 limnetic 湖泊的

正面: assiduous
symbol: [əˈsɪdʒuəs]
definition: adj. marked by careful unremitting attention or persistent application 勤勉的/刻苦的
sim: 【近】diligent, industrious, operose, sedulous
ano: 【反】desultory, lax, remiss, slack, indolent, slothful
zhuji: 【记】 sid-坐,president(总统,坐在最前面的人)；consider 考虑，是con一起 + sider 坐 →坐在一起→考虑<br>【另】 preside(主持), reside(居住),subside(下沉,沉淀,平息), insidious(阴险的) consider

正面: recant
symbol: [rɪˈkænt]
definition: v. to withdraw or repudiate formally and publicly: renounce (宣布)放弃/(公开)撤回
sim: 【近】abjure, forswear, retract, withdraw
zhuji: 【记】 cant = chant (音：唱它) 唱，圣歌，又唱起圣歌

正面: culminate
symbol: [ˈkʌlmɪneɪt]
definition: v. to reach the highest or a climactic or decisive point: climax 到达顶点/实现极致

正面: oblique
symbol: [əˈbliːk]
definition: i.　adj. neither perpendicular nor parallel: inclined 倾斜的
ii.　adj. not straightforward: indirect 迂回的/不光明正大的
sim: 【近】circuitous, circular, roundabout, devious, underhanded
ano: 【反】straightforward
zhuji: 【记】 最基本的意思是倾斜的；ob 没 + liquid 水，水没了，因为容器是斜的，全流出去了

正面: deferential
symbol: [ˌdefəˈrenʃl]
definition: adj. showing or expressing respect and esteem to a superior or an elder 恭敬的/顺从的
sim: 【近】respectful, duteous, dutiful, regardful

正面: malady
symbol: [ˈmælədi]
definition: i.　n. a disease or disorder of the animal body 疾病/失调
ii.　n. an unwholesome or disordered condition 混乱/骚乱
sim: 【近】affection, infirmity, syndrome

正面: canard
symbol: [kəˈnɑːrd]
definition: n. a groundless rumor or belief 谣言
sim: 【近】falsehood, misrepresentation, prevarication
zhuji: 【记】 音：坑呐，原来是个坑呐(网络用语“坑”指编造的假文章，用来骗人玩的)；canal 各种渠道总是用来传播谣言

正面: cupidity
symbol: [kjuːˈpɪdəti]
definition: n. inordinate desire for wealth: avarice 贪婪
sim: 【近】greed, avidity, rapacity, acquisitiveness

正面: assimilate
symbol: [əˈsɪməleɪt]
definition: i.　v. to take into the mind and thoroughly comprehend 理解/吸收
ii.　v. to make similar (使)同化
iii.　v. to compare, liken 把…比作
sim: 【近】equate, match, parallel

正面: unnerve
symbol: [ˌʌnˈnɜːrv]
definition: v. to deprive of courage, strength, or steadiness: upset 使气馁/使烦躁
sim: 【近】castrate, emasculate, enervate, enfeeble, sap
ano: 【反】inspirit, invigorate, reinforce, strengthen, hearten

正面: alacrity
symbol: [əˈlækrəti]
definition: n. promptness in response: cheerful readiness 迅速/敏捷
sim: 【近】dispatch, expedition, promptitude, briskness
ano: 【反】dilatoriness, procrastination, vacillation, lethargy, sluggishness
zhuji: 【记】 a不 + la 法语的冠词 + cry 哭，不哭→高兴；音：阿拉快→阿拉上海宁爽快

正面: gregarious
symbol: [ɡrɪˈɡeriəs]
definition: adj. tending to associate with others of one’s kind: social, sociable 合群的/社交的
zhuji: 【记】 greg- 群<br>【另】 aggregate 聚集，congregate 聚集，egregious 超群的(distinguished)，gregarious 群居的, segregate<br>隔离(separate)

正面: expound
symbol: [ɪkˈspaʊnd]
definition: v. to explain by setting forth in careful and often elaborate detail 解释/详细说明
sim: 【近】construe, explicate, interpret

正面: retract
symbol: [rɪˈtrækt]
definition: i.　v. take back, withdraw 撤销/收回
ii.　v. to refuse to acknowledge or accept: disclaim 拒绝承认/否认
sim: 【近】abjure, forswear, unsay, disavow
ano: 【反】protract
zhuji: 【记】 re 回 + tract 拖，拉 向回拖<br>【另】 abstract 摘要，提炼，抽象，attract 吸引，contract 收缩 合同，detract 转移, distract 转移，分散注意力，extract 拔出 抽出，protract 延长，retract 缩回 取消，subtract 减去，tractable 易驾驭的<br>，tractor 拖拉机

正面: zealous
symbol: [ˈzeləs]
definition: adj. filled with or characterized by zeal or passion: enthusiastic 狂热的/热情的
sim: 【近】ardent, fervent, frenetic, infatuated, rabid
ano: 【反】apathetic, halfhearted, indifferent, heedless, insouciant, negligent

正面: obstreperous
symbol: [əbˈstrepərəs]
definition: i.　adj. stubbornly resistant to control: unruly 倔强的/难以驾驭的
ii.　adj. marked by unruly or aggressive noisiness: clamorous 吵闹的/喧嚣的
sim: 【近】vociferous, blatant, boisterous
zhuji: 【记】 ob 不 + strap 皮带，带子，给狗系上带子，它不干，很吵闹，难管束<br>【另】 strip 带子，剥；

正面: perennial
symbol: [pəˈreniəl]
definition: i.　adj. continuing without interruption: constant 持续的/常年的
ii.　adj. regularly repeated or renewed: recurrent 反复发生的/循环的
sim: 【近】continuing, enduring, inveterate, perdurable, perpetual

正面: protract
symbol: [prəˈtrækt]
definition: v. to prolong in time or space: continue, extend 延伸/拉长
sim: 【近】elongate, lengthen, stretch
ano: 【反】curtail
zhuji: 【记】 pro前 + tract 拖，拉；tractor 拖拉机

正面: censure
symbol: [ˈsenʃər]
definition: v. to find fault with and criticize as blameworthy 批评/指责
sim: 【近】condemn, denounce, denunciate, reprehend, reprobate
ano: 【反】applaud, compliment, approve, commend
zhuji: 【记】 censor后的 sure当然 结果就是指责批评

正面: pith
symbol: [pɪθ]
definition: i.　n. the essential part or the substantial quality: core 核心/本质
ii.　n. importance 重要性
sim: 【近】consequence, magnitude, significance

正面: tempestuous
symbol: [temˈpestʃuəs]
definition: adj. of, relating to, or resembling a storm: turbulent (像暴风雨一样)剧烈的/狂暴的
sim: 【近】blustering, furious, raging, tumultuous, stormy
ano: 【反】bridled, calm, restrained
zhuji: 【记】 temp 脾气，temperature 温度 + est 最高级，极端的温度，指天气狂暴

正面: inquisitive
symbol: [ɪnˈkwɪzətɪv]
definition: i.　adj. inordinately or improperly curious about the affairs of others (过分)好奇的
ii.　adj. given to examination or investigation 喜欢钻研的
sim: 【近】inquisitorial, nosy, prying, snoopy
zhuji: 【记】 in + question 总是在问题里的→爱问问题的<br>【另】 acquisition 获得, 获得物，disquisition 专题论文, exquisite 精致，inquisitive 好询问的<br>，perquisite(通过要求的，比如要小费) 额外补贴，prerequisite 先决的必备条件，requisite(来自

正面: contingent
symbol: [kənˈtɪndʒənt]
definition: i.　adj. likely but not certain to happen: possible 有可能(但不一定)的
ii.　adj. happening by chance or unforeseen causes: unpredictable 难以预测的/偶然的
iii.　adj. dependent on or conditioned by something else: conditional 视情况而定的/有条件的
sim: 【近】accidental, fortuitous, incidental, odd

正面: pristine
symbol: [ˈprɪstiːn]
definition: i.　adj. not spoiled, corrupted, or polluted: pure 纯净的/未被破坏的
ii.　adj. belonging to the earliest period or state: original 原始的/古老的
zhuji: 【记】 priest 牧师，牧师的作用是让人回到原始的纯洁状态

正面: lament
symbol: [ləˈment]
definition: v. to express sorrow, mourning, or regret for often demonstratively: mourn 哀悼/为…难过
sim: 【近】deplore, bemoan, bewail, grieve
ano: 【反】exult, rejoice
zhuji: 【记】 lame 腿跛了→悲伤；lam鞭打，被打→痛哭，悲伤

正面: coeval
symbol: [koʊˈiːvl]
definition: adj. of the same or equal age, antiquity, or duration: contemporary 同时代的
sim: 【近】coetaneous, coexistent, concurrent, simultaneous, synchronic
zhuji: 【记】 co + eval

正面: voracious
symbol: [vəˈreɪʃəs]
definition: adj. having a huge appetite or excessively eager: insatiable 难以满足的/贪婪的
sim: 【近】acquisitive, edacious, gluttonous, rapacious, ravenous
zhuji: 【记】 源自swallow(w=v,a=o, ll=r), devour；有点象声词的味道，象是狼或老虎大吃的声音

正面: mollify
symbol: [ˈmɑːlɪfaɪ]
definition: i.　v. to soothe in temper or disposition: appease 安抚/使平静
ii.　v. to reduce the rigidity or intensity: assuage, soften 减轻/缓和
sim: 【近】alleviate, allay, pacify, assuage, conciliate, placate, propitiate, mitigate, temper
ano: 【反】exasperate
zhuji: 【记】 moll　近于melt 软化；音：摸，抚摸 + ify 表动词→安慰

正面: polemical
symbol: [pəˈlemɪkl]
definition: i.　adj. of, relating to, or being an argument: controversial 有争议的
ii.　adj. engaged in or addicted to arguments: disputatious 好辩的/喜欢争论的
sim: 【近】contentious, argumentative, litigious

正面: accede
symbol: [əkˈsiːd]
definition: v. to express approval or give consent 同意/认可
sim: 【近】assent, acquiesce, agree, consent, subscribe
ano: 【反】demur, balk, withstand, expostulate
zhuji: 【记】 ac 前，肯定 + cede 走，向前走 ，加入，同意；类似 access 走近 入门，<br>【另】 cede 让步, access 走近 入门，concede 承认，让步，intercede 调解，precede 先于，recede 后退<br>，retrocede 交还，secede 退出，supercede 紧接着到来，取代

正面: heretical
symbol: [həˈretɪkl]
definition: adj. departing from accepted beliefs or standards: unorthodox 非正统的/异端的
sim: 【近】dissident, heterodox, schismatic, sectarian
ano: 【反】orthodox, conventional, established, conformist

正面: espouse
symbol: [ɪˈspaʊz]
definition: v. to take up and support as a cause: adopt 支持/采纳
sim: 【近】embrace, approve, advocate, champion, uphold
ano: 【反】repudiate
zhuji: 【记】 spouse 结婚→结盟，支持；近于sponsor 资助，赞助，发起，保证<br>【另】 sponsor 资助，赞助，发起，保证

正面: quandary
symbol: [ˈkwɑːndəri]
definition: n. a state of perplexity or doubt: dilemma 困境/进退两难的局面
sim: 【近】predicament, jam, catch-22
zhuji: 【记】 音：框(困)到里，框到里面出不来；音： 框 + boundary 框到边界里

正面: tractable
symbol: [ˈtræktəbl]
definition: adj. capable of being easily handled, managed, or controlled: docile 温顺的/易驾驭的
sim: 【近】obedient, amenable, malleable, pliant, subdued
ano: 【反】headstrong, willful, obstinate, refractory, intractable, unruly
zhuji: 【记】 tract- 拖，拉，可以拉的<br>【另】 abstract 摘要，提炼，抽象，attract 吸引，contract 收缩 合同，detract 转移, distract 转移，分散注意力，extract 拔出 抽出，protract 延长，retract 缩回 取消，subtract 减去，tractable 易驾驭的<br>，tractor 拖拉机

正面: whimsical
symbol: [ˈwɪmzɪkl]
definition: adj. subject to erratic behavior or unpredictable change: arbitrary 反复无常的/异想天开的
sim: 【近】capricious, erratic, impulsive, vagarious, wayward
ano: 【反】calculable, predictable
zhuji: 【记】 whim

正面: tantamount
symbol: [ˈtæntəmaʊnt]
definition: adj. equivalent in value, significance, or effect 等价的/相当于…的
sim: 【近】duplicate, equal, identical, indistinguishable
zhuji: 【记】 tant 相等，相近 + amount 数量；distant 疏远看成dis不 + tant 近

正面: narcissism
symbol: [ˈnɑːrsɪsɪzəm]
definition: i.　n. love of or sexual desire for one’s own body 自恋
ii.　n. egoism, egocentrism 自我中心/自负
sim: 【近】conceit, self-admiration, vanity
zhuji: 【记】 音：爱惜自己，na 发爱的音，可爱能说成“可耐”；奶 + sissy 奶气，女人气的男人，女人气的男人才那么自恋；希腊神话那西塞斯，美少年，因自恋水中的美影以致憔悴而死化为水仙花

正面: banal
symbol: [bəˈnɑːl]
definition: adj. lacking originality, freshness, or novelty: trite 陈腐的/缺乏创意的
sim: 【近】insipid, hackneyed, pedestrian, bromidic, commonplace
ano: 【反】original, zesty, novel
zhuji: 【记】 ban + all 禁止一切(活动及权力)，(社会)就会平庸陈腐，不应闭关锁国；ban禁止 + canal运河

正面: obviate
symbol: [ˈɑːbvieɪt]
definition: i.　v. to anticipate and prevent or make unnecessary: avert 避免/预防
ii.　v. to do away with: eliminate 消除/排除
sim: 【近】deter, forestall, forefend, preclude, preempt
zhuji: 【记】 ob 去掉 + via(源自way) 通过，去掉通路上的东西→排除；<br>【另】 deviate 偏离

正面: frugal
symbol: [ˈfruːɡl]
definition: adj. characterized by or reflecting economy in the use of resources: sparing 节约的/朴素的
sim: 【近】canny, chary, economical, thrifty, wary
ano: 【反】wasteful, profligate, lavish, extravagant
zhuji: 【记】 源自fruit；只吃水果→节俭；fruit 音：够，你中午吃什么，水果就够了→节俭

正面: equanimity
symbol: [ˌekwəˈnɪməti]
definition: n. evenness of mind especially under stress: calmness 平静/沉着
sim: 【近】ataraxy, composure, placidity, serenity, tranquility
ano: 【反】apprehension, excitability, agitation, perturbation

正面: cow
symbol: [kaʊ]
definition: v. to destroy the resolve or courage of: intimidate 威胁/恐吓
sim: 【近】bluster, browbeat, bully, hector
ano: 【反】cower, fawn, toady
zhuji: 【记】 使人变成母牛→威胁

正面: constituent
symbol: [kənˈstʃuənt]
definition: i.　n. an essential part: component, element 成分
ii.　n. a member of a constituency 选民

正面: canonical
symbol: [kəˈnɑːnɪkl]
definition: adj. conforming to a general rule or accepted procedure: orthodox 正统的/权威的
sim: 【近】authoritative, sanctioned, recognized, established

正面: eradicate
symbol: [ɪˈrædɪkeɪt]
definition: v. to do away with as completely as if by pulling up the roots: annihilate 根除/灭绝
sim: 【近】abolish, exterminate, extinguish, extirpate, demolish
ano: 【反】establish, inculcate, engender, propagate

正面: sage
symbol: [seɪdʒ]
definition: n. a mature or venerable man of sound judgment or wisdom 智者/圣人
zhuji: 【记】 音：先知→是有智慧的智者；sagacious 睿智的

正面: catalyst
symbol: [ˈkætəlɪst]
definition: n. an agent that provokes or speeds significant change or action: stimulus 催化剂
sim: 【近】goad, impetus, incentive, incitation, spur
ano: 【反】inhibitor

正面: protean
symbol: [proʊˈtiən]
definition: adj. displaying great diversity or variety: versatile 多样的/多变的
sim: 【近】changeable, mutable, variable
zhuji: 【记】 pro + ocean 海洋,原指希腊神话中的普罗特斯, 任意变化自己外形的海神；protein 蛋白质，改变基因顺序能变化成各种物质；

正面: decry
symbol: [dɪˈkraɪ]
definition: v. to express strong disapproval of: depreciate 谴责/贬低
sim: 【近】condemn, devaluate, downgrade, derogate, detract, minimize
ano: 【反】extol, puff, acclaim, aggrandize, magnify
zhuji: 【记】 de + cry 否定+喊，大声否定地喊话

正面: extenuate
symbol: [ɪkˈstenjueɪt]
definition: i.　v. to lessen the seriousness of by making partial excuses: mitigate 为…辩解/使…不严重
ii.　v. to lessen the strength or effect of: attenuate 平息/缓和
sim: 【近】mitigate, moderate, qualify, temper
ano: 【反】aggravate, enhance, heighten
zhuji: 【记】 ex出 + tenuate 变细，变薄，指淡薄稀释，将罪行淡化；tenu-源自thin, t=th, e=I<br>【另】 attenuate 削弱, extenuate 掩饰, 减轻, &lt;古&gt;使稀薄，tenuity 薄，tenuous 纤细的，tenure(hold的意思)(土地,官职的)使用,占有,任期

正面: indict
symbol: [ɪnˈdaɪt]
definition: v. to charge with a fault or offense: accuse 起诉/控告
sim: 【近】criminate, impeach, incriminate, inculpate
zhuji: 【记】 in 否定，不好 + dict 说，说不好的；verdict 裁决<br>【另】 contradict 驳斥， dictate 口述，edict 法令，indict 控告，maledict 诅咒，predict预言，valedict<br>告别，verdict裁决

正面: wanting
symbol: [ˈwɑːntɪŋ]
definition: i.　adj. not present or in evidence: absent 欠缺的/不足的
ii.　adj. lacking in ability or capacity: unqualified 不够资格的/不满足条件的
sim: 【近】incompetent, inept, impotent

正面: evasive
symbol: [ɪˈveɪsɪv]
definition: adj. tending or intended to evade: equivocal 模糊的/推托的/不直率的
sim: 【近】ambiguous, equivocating, prevaricative, shuffling, sly
ano: 【反】categorical, explicit, candid, forthright

正面: diffident
symbol: [ˈdɪfɪdənt]
definition: i.　adj. hesitant in acting or speaking through lack of self-confidence 不自信的
ii.　adj. reserved, unassertive: shy 害羞的/胆怯的
sim: 【近】bashful, demure, modest, retiring, self-effacing, timid
ano: 【反】assertive, assured, impudent, confident
zhuji: 【记】 confident 自信<br>Forgive and forget. 勿念旧恶。 <br>【另】 affidavit 宣誓书，bona fide 信誉好，confide 倾诉, 委托, 信赖， confident 自信，diffident 缺乏自信的，infidelity 不贞，不忠，perfidy 不诚实, 背信

正面: jaded
symbol: [ˈdʒeɪdɪd]
definition: i.　adj. fatigued by overwork: exhausted 劳累的/疲倦的
ii.　adj. made dull, apathetic, or cynical by experience or by surfeit 厌世的/冷漠的
sim: 【近】wearied, weary, worn, worn-out
ano: 【反】refreshed
zhuji: 【记】 源于：jade（n.疲惫的老母马；v.使疲倦）ja 假，de 的：作假的东西销s路好所以过度劳累的。

正面: palliate
symbol: [ˈpælieɪt]
definition: i.　v. to moderate the intensity of: alleviate 缓解/缓和
ii.　v. to cover by excuses and apologies: extenuate 为…辩护/掩盖
sim: 【近】camouflage, prettify, varnish, veneer, whitewash
zhuji: 【记】 pall 音：袍→罩布，(主教的)披肩，棺罩→用袍来遮盖；pale + ate 使变白，缓和

正面: sly
symbol: [slaɪ]
definition: i.　adj. clever in concealing one’s aims or ends: furtive 隐蔽的/秘密的
ii.　adj. lacking in straightforwardness and candor: dissembling 狡猾的/不坦诚的
sim: 【近】artful, astute, crafty, cunning, calculating, stealthy
ano: 【反】candid, forthright, straightforward
zhuji: 【记】 spy的特点 <br>smarmy adj.迎奉的,讨好的 <br>【记】 音：抹蜜，嘴巴抹蜜→奉承；seem + warm 看起来很热心，其实虚伪

正面: apprehension
symbol: [ˌæprɪˈhenʃn]
definition: i.　n. the result of apprehending mentally: conception 理解/领悟
ii.　n. seizure by legal process: arrest 逮捕
iii.　n. suspicion or fear especially of future evil: foreboding 恐惧/忧虑
sim: 【近】misgiving, premonition, presage, presentiment
ano: 【反】confidence, assurance, composure, equanimity, sangfroid

正面: myriad
symbol: [ˈmɪriəd]
definition: adj. both numerous and diverse 大量的/多样的
sim: 【近】innumerable, countless, untold
zhuji: 【记】 my read 我读过的书(单词)有许多；miracle 奇迹啊，有无数的.

正面: commodious
symbol: [kəˈmoʊdiəs]
definition: adj. comfortably or conveniently spacious: roomy 宽敞的/便利的
sim: 【近】ample, capacious
ano: 【反】cramped, strait
zhuji: 【记】 accommodate 供给,提供住宿

正面: fractious
symbol: [ˈfrækʃəs]
definition: i.　adj. tending to be troublesome: unruly 倔强的
ii.　adj. quarrelsome, irritable 易怒的
sim: 【近】fretful, peevish, petulant, querulous
ano: 【反】peaceable

正面: variegated
symbol: [ˈverɪɡeɪtɪd]
definition: adj. having discrete markings of different colors: various 多样的/杂色的
sim: 【近】dappled, motley, multihued, polychromatic, checkered
ano: 【反】solid
zhuji: 【记】 vary gate 变化的门有不同颜色

正面: turpitude
symbol: [ˈtɜːrpətuːd]
definition: n. inherent baseness: depravity 卑鄙/堕落
zhuji: 【记】 turn翻，扭，驱使 + pit 坑，把人转到坑里去，落井下石→卑鄙<br>A good book is a light to the soul. 好书一本，照亮心灵。

正面: sporadic
symbol: [spəˈrædɪk]
definition: adj. occurring occasionally, singly, or in irregular or random instances 偶发的/零星的
sim: 【近】intermittent, fitful, desultory, spotty
ano: 【反】frequent, regular
zhuji: 【记】 spore 孢子是零星存在的，象蒲公英的种子飘来飘去的，零零星星的

正面: amalgamate
symbol: [əˈmælɡəmeɪt]
definition: v. to unite or to merge into a single body: mix 合并/混合
sim: 【近】compound, fuse, meld, merge, mingle
ano: 【反】decompose, disintegrate; disperse, dissipate, scatter
zhuji: 【记】 amalgam + ate 动词

正面: nicety
symbol: [ˈnaɪsəti]
definition: n. careful attention to details or delicate exactness: precision 精确/精准
sim: 【近】distinction, refinement, delicacy
zhuji: 【记】 nice 美好，精确<br>Rovide for the worst, the best will save itself. 为最坏的情况做准备，最好的情况会自然来临。

正面: nascent
symbol: [ˈnæsnt]
definition: adj. coming or having recently come into existence: initial 初期的/新生的
sim: 【近】incipient, initiative, introductory
zhuji: 【记】 近于native；innocent 清白的，天真的，象初生的小孩子；音：奶生，吃着奶出生，出生就吃奶的，新生儿<br>【另】 native 出生的，土生的， 天生的

正面: legacy
symbol: [ˈleɡəsi]
definition: i.　n. a gift by will especially of money or other personal property: bequest 遗赠/遗产
ii.　n. something transmitted by an ancestor or predecessor or from the past: heritage 传统/传承
sim: 【近】birthright, inheritance, patrimony
zhuji: 【记】 源自legate 遗赠；legal + 音：死，法律上讲人死了后这人的东西与财产就成为遗产，可以传给法定继承人等<br>【另】 legate(记：leg + gate 跑腿的进门了) 使节，作为遗产让与, 遗赠，delegate 委派.为代表，委托，delegacy书代表, 代表权, 代表团

正面: disparate
symbol: [ˈdɪspərət]
definition: adj. markedly distinct in quality or character: different 不同的/不相干的
sim: 【近】dissimilar, distant, divergent
ano: 【反】analogous, comparable, consonant
zhuji: 【记】 dis + par- 平等→不等，dis + compare 比较起来不同；separate 分居，一对男女说，还是先分开一段时间后再重聚吧,我们实在不是一种人，disparate 差异太大<br>【另】 separate 分开，分离；

正面: parody
symbol: [ˈpærədi]
definition: n. a literary work in which the style is imitated for comic effect or in ridicule 模仿以讽刺的作品
sim: 【近】caricature, burlesque, travesty, spoof, ridicule
zhuji: 【记】 par- 旁边，副 + ode 歌，对主歌的模仿歌；parrot 鹦鹉, 学舌者,模仿别人的人，parrot makesparody；音：拍 + ody 诗，歌，颂，众网友齐拍板砖的诗歌，这叫恶搞→模仿性嘲弄文章；音：拍我的，(网友)拍我这篇模仿文章<br>【另】 ode 颂诗, 赋，episode 插曲，melody 悦耳的音调，monody 独唱, parody 模仿滑稽作品，<br>prosody 做诗法，韵律学，rhapsody 狂想曲，荷马史诗，threnode 挽歌

正面: assuage
symbol: [əˈsweɪdʒ]
definition: i.　v. to lessen the intensity of: ease, pacify 平息/缓和
ii.　v. to put an end to by satisfying: appease, quench 使满足以消除(欲望)
sim: 【近】relieve, allay, alleviate, mitigate, mollify, placate
ano: 【反】exacerbate, magnify, intensify, augment
zhuji: 【记】 suad + 柔和温和；persuade 劝说就是能使事情缓和<br>【另】 dissuade(劝阻),persuade(劝说),suasion(说服),suave(温和,柔和的)

正面: profligate
symbol: [ˈprɑːflɪɡət]
definition: adj. wildly extravagant: prodigal 挥霍的/奢侈的
sim: 【近】high-rolling, spendthrift, squandering, wasteful
ano: 【反】economical, frugal, penny-pinching, skimping, thrifty
zhuji: 【记】 pro喜欢 + flight 出门喜欢坐飞机→挥霍，profit 赚了钱就放荡挥霍；flag + ate 吃，打着旗号吃<br>，打着各种旗号(如招待客户)大吃大喝

正面: subtle
symbol: [ˈsʌtl]
definition: i.　adj. difficult to understand or perceive: obscure 模糊的/难懂的
ii.　adj. having or marked by keen insight and ability to penetrate thoroughly 敏锐的/有洞察力的
zhuji: 【记】 sub + 音：偷，下面偷偷的

正面: undermine
symbol: [ˌʌndərˈmaɪn]
definition: v. to weaken or ruin by degrees: attenuate 削弱/破坏
sim: 【近】blunt, debilitate, enfeeble, sap, sabotage, subvert
zhuji: 【记】 under mine 在下面挖土，在下面埋地雷

正面: obeisance
symbol: [oʊˈbiːsns]
definition: n. a movement of the body made in token of respect or submission: bow 敬礼/尊敬
sim: 【近】deference, homage, reverence, allegiance
zhuji: 【记】 obey 服从 + sanctify(源自sacred 神圣的) 尊崇→鞠躬；obey + saint 总是遵守的圣徒，非常尊敬人

正面: disinterested
symbol: [dɪsˈɪntrəstɪd]
definition: i.　adj. free from selfish motive or interest: unbiased 客观的/无私的
ii.　adj. not having the mind or feelings engaged: not interested 冷漠的/不感兴趣的
sim: 【近】indifferent, aloof, detached, withdrawn
ano: 【反】fervent, impassioned
zhuji: 【记】 dis无 + interested利益关系，没有利益关系的→第三方公正的，判断某件事需要与该事件无利益关系的第三方做客观判断<br>【另】 uninterested 不感兴趣的

正面: smattering
symbol: [ˈsmætərɪŋ]
definition: n. superficial piecemeal knowledge 肤浅的知识/一知半解
zhuji: 【记】 smarter 更聪明，他以为他比别人聪明，其实只是略知一二；s 音：说 + matter 事 + er 说事者<br>，说得都是肤浅的；<br>【另】 prattle 说孩子气的话, 唠叨, 无聊话, stutter 口吃,

正面: obliging
symbol: [əˈblaɪdʒɪŋ]
definition: adj. willing to do favors: helpful 乐于助人的/体贴的
sim: 【近】amiable, complaisant, good-tempered, lenient
zhuji: 【记】 oblige 施恩惠，愿意义务为人服务，给人恩惠，为人付出职责的<br>【另】 obligation 义务，职责，债务

正面: antic
symbol: [ˈæntɪk]
definition: adj. characterized by clownish extravagance or absurdity: bizarre 古怪的/滑稽的
sim: 【近】grotesque, comical, farcical, ludicrous
ano: 【反】prudent, grave, sedate, solemn, somber
zhuji: 【记】 antique 象老古董一样古怪，可笑滑稽；anti 反，反着的，古怪

正面: fastidious
symbol: [fæˈstɪdiəs]
definition: i.　adj. having high and often capricious standards: difficult to please 难以取悦的/苛求的
ii.　adj. reflecting a meticulous, sensitive, or demanding attitude: nice 一丝不苟的/细致的
sim: 【近】squeamish, exacting, captious, hypercritical
ano: 【反】cursory, hasty, perfunctory
zhuji: 【记】 fast 绝食 + tidious (tedious,乏味的)→绝食，因为吃什么都觉得乏味→太挑剔

正面: browbeat
symbol: [ˈbraʊbiːt]
definition: v. to intimidate or disconcert by a stern manner or arrogant speech: bully 恐吓/欺负
sim: 【近】bludgeon, cow, dragoon, hector
zhuji: 【记】 brow beat 眉毛打架

正面: colossal
symbol: [kəˈlɑːsl]
definition: adj. of a bulk, extent, power, or effect suggesting the stupendous or incredible: huge 巨大的
sim: 【近】elephantine, gargantuan, gigantic, mammoth, titanic
zhuji: 【记】 column 象柱子，礼堂建筑等柱子般巨大

正面: malodorous
symbol: [ˌmælˈoʊdərəs]
definition: i.　adj. having a bad odor 难闻的
ii.　adj. highly improper: indecorous 不得体的/令人反感的
sim: 【近】indelicate, rough, ungodly, untoward
ano: 【反】decent, seemly, becoming
zhuji: 【记】 mal + odorous

正面: plaintive
symbol: [ˈpleɪntɪv]
definition: adj. expressive of suffering or sadness: melancholy 悲伤的
sim: 【近】doleful, lamentable, lugubrious, mournful, rueful

正面: enthrall
symbol: [ɪnˈθrɔːl]
definition: v. to hold spellbound: charm 吸引/使着迷
sim: 【近】fascinate, grip, hold, mesmerize, spellbind
ano: 【反】bore, ennui, weary
zhuji: 【记】 en使 + thrall 奴隶，使成为奴隶；en + 音：丝绕，被情丝所缠绕就是迷住<br>【另】 thrall：throw + all 所有东西都被扔出去了，一无所有的奴隶；音：丝绕，被丝，绳子束缚的奴隶

正面: opulent
symbol: [ˈɑːpjələnt]
definition: adj. amply or plentifully provided often to the point of ostentation: wealthy 富裕的/大量的
sim: 【近】lavish, prodigal, profuse; extravagant, ostentatious, pretentious
ano: 【反】modest, simple, unpretentious

正面: inimical
symbol: [ɪˈnɪmɪkl]
definition: adj. having the disposition of an enemy: hostile, harmful 有害的/敌对的
zhuji: 【记】 源自enemy

正面: forthcoming
symbol: [ˌfɔːrθˈkʌmɪŋ]
definition: i.　adj. characterized by openness, candidness, and forthrightness 直率的/坦诚的
ii.　adj. being about to appear or to be produced or made available 即将到来的
sim: 【近】imminent, approaching, upcoming

正面: rescind
symbol: [rɪˈsɪnd]
definition: v. to make void by action of a superior authority: repeal 废除/使无效
sim: 【近】cancel, revoke, dismantle, lift, recall
zhuji: 【记】 re回 + scind同scis- 剪，scissor 剪刀，rescission<br>【另】 exscind 割开, 切除，prescind 割去, 孤立地思考, 不予考虑

正面: exponent
symbol: [ɪkˈspoʊnənt]
definition: n. one that champions, practices, or exemplifies 典型/支持者
sim: 【近】expounder, proponent, partisan, booster
ano: 【反】antagonist, opponent
zhuji: 【记】 expound 的人；ex 出 + ponent 组成部分，将一个东西的组成部分弄出讲出→解释者；近于<br>expose 暴露，揭示<br>【另】 component 成分，exponent(将组成部分分解，分析说明), proponent(pro + 组成部分，其中一员→支持)，opponent(不在组成部分之一 → 反对)

正面: peripatetic
symbol: [ˌperipəˈtetɪk]
definition: adj. moving or traveling from place to place: itinerant 巡游的/漫游的
sim: 【近】ambulant, nomadic, vagabond, wandering
zhuji: 【记】 源自peri + path 四处路上走；peri- 四周 + pate 头，智力→四周走并且有智力的人，原指亚里士多德学派，逍遥派，边来回走动边指导问题讨论

正面: fallacious
symbol: [fəˈleɪʃəs]
definition: i.　adj. tending to deceive or mislead: delusive 欺骗性的/令人误解的
ii.　adj. embodying a fallacy: illogical 不合理的/谬误的
sim: 【近】irrational, sophistic
ano: 【反】sound, valid, reasoned
zhuji: 【记】 fallacy 错误

正面: appreciable
symbol: [əˈpriːʃəbl]
definition: adj. capable of being perceived or measured: perceptible 可感知的/可察觉的
sim: 【近】detectable, discernible, palpable, tangible
zhuji: 【记】 appreciate<br>【另】 perceptible 可察觉的

正面: untenable
symbol: [ʌnˈtenəbl]
definition: adj. not able to be defended: inexcusable 站不住脚的/没有依据的
sim: 【近】indefensible, inexpiable, unjustifiable
zhuji: 【记】 un 不，tenable（adj.站得住脚的）：站不住脚

正面: impartial
symbol: [ɪmˈpɑːrʃl]
definition: adj. not partial or biased: treating or affecting all equally: fair 公正的/没有偏见的
sim: 【近】dispassionate, equitable, nondiscriminatory
ano: 【反】biased, colored, prejudiced

正面: exculpate
symbol: [ˈekskʌlpeɪt]
definition: v. to clear from alleged fault or guilt: absolve 为…开脱/证明…无罪
sim: 【近】acquit, exonerate, vindicate
ano: 【反】inculpate, incriminate, accuse, indict
zhuji: 【记】 ex出 + culp 罪 + ate→从罪中出来，摆脱<br>【另】 culprit 罪犯，犯过失者，culpable 有罪的

正面: mellifluous
symbol: [meˈlɪfluəs]
definition: adj. having a smooth rich flow (声音)流畅的
sim: 【近】euphonic, harmonious, mellow
ano: 【反】blatant, boisterous, clamorous, obstreperous, strident, vociferous
zhuji: 【记】 melli- 音: 美丽，魅力，蜜流，指甜美 + fluent 流；大家知道西瓜是watermelon, melon就是甜瓜<br>【另】 mellow(音：蜜流) 醇香的、甘美的

正面: benighted
symbol: [bɪˈnaɪtɪd]
definition: adj. existing in a state of intellectual or moral darkness: unenlightened 愚昧的/未启蒙的
sim: 【近】ignorant, illiterate, unlettered
ano: 【反】informed, intelligent

正面: circumspect
symbol: [ˈsɜːrkəmspekt]
definition: adj. careful to consider all circumstances and possible consequences: cautious 小心的/细致的
sim: 【近】calculating, chary, considerate, discreet, prudent, wary
zhuji: 【记】 circum 周围 + spect 看 →向周围看→小心谨慎

正面: peruse
symbol: [pəˈruːz]
definition: v. to examine or consider with attention and in detail: study 仔细研究/精读
zhuji: 【记】 per through + use→thoroughly use 彻底地使用，也就是细读

正面: intrepid
symbol: [ɪnˈtrepɪd]
definition: adj. characterized by resolute fearlessness, fortitude, and endurance: brave 无畏的/坚定的
sim: 【近】audacious, bold, dauntless, valiant, valorous
ano: 【反】craven, gutless, cowardly, timid, timorous
zhuji: 【记】 in + trepid；<br>No pains, no gains.　　没有付出就没有收获。 <br>【另】 trepid (音：踹屁的，踹他一脚就吓的屁滚尿流的)惊恐的,悸惧的，不安的

正面: clement
symbol: [ˈklemənt]
definition: adj. inclined to be merciful: lenient 仁慈的/温和的
sim: 【近】forbearing, charitable, indulgent, merciful
ano: 【反】barbarous, austere, stern, rigid, rigorous, stringent
zhuji: 【记】 climate 气候多是温和的

正面: pedestrian
symbol: [pəˈdestriən]
definition: i.　adj. lacking wit or imagination: commonplace 平淡的/缺乏想象力的
ii.　adj. going or performed on foot 步行的/行人的
sim: 【近】banal, dull, humdrum, monotonous, plodding, unimaginative
zhuji: 【记】 ped 脚 + strain 紧张, 扭伤, 尽力→脚用力，紧张，脚扭伤，因为徒步步行

正面: cynical
symbol: [ˈsɪnɪkl]
definition: i.　adj. not believing that something good will happen: pessimistic 悲观的
ii.　adj. based on a belief that human conduct is motivated primarily by self-interest 认为人性自私的

正面: flux
symbol: [flʌks]
definition: i.　n. a state of uncertainty about what should be done: fluctuation 不稳定/起伏
ii.　n. a continued flow: flood 流动/流出

正面: dispassionate
symbol: [dɪsˈpæʃənət]
definition: adj. not affected by personal or emotional involvement: neutral 客观的/不带感情色彩的
sim: 【近】detached, disinterested, impersonal, imperturbable, unflappable
ano: 【反】fervent, vehement, intemperate
zhuji: 【记】 dis无 + passionate (激情的)→无激情→心平气和的； 与un(反义)不同，dis 是无，这里不是冷漠的；<br>【另】 dis 通常表示相反，否定

正面: sententious
symbol: [senˈtenʃəs]
definition: adj. brief, aphoristic, or moralistic in expression: pithy 简洁的/精炼的
sim: 【近】concise, pithy, terse

正面: ample
symbol: [ˈæmpl]
definition: adj. generously sufficient to satisfy a requirement or need: plentiful 丰富的/充足的
sim: 【近】abundant, bountiful, copious; lavish, profuse
ano: 【反】meager, scant, spare, sparse; miserable

正面: antedate
symbol: [ˌæntiˈdeɪt]
definition: v. to precede in time 在…之前发生/先于
sim: 【近】antecede, forerun, predate
zhuji: 【记】 ante 前 + date 日期

正面: idiosyncrasy
symbol: [ˌɪdiəˈsɪŋkrəsi]
definition: i.　n. an individualizing characteristic or quality (个人独有的)气质/特征
ii.　n. characteristic peculiarity 独特性
sim: 【近】singularity, eccentricity, distinction, characteristic
zhuji: 【记】 近idiom ；idio- 自己的，有特点的，独特风格的 + syncretic

正面: exigent
symbol: [ˈeksɪdʒənt]
definition: i.　adj. requiring immediate aid or action: urgent 紧急的/迫切的
ii.　adj. requiring or calling for much: demanding: onerous 繁重的/苛求的
sim: 【近】burdensome, exacting, oppressive, taxing
zhuji: 【记】 近于urgent，其英文解释中最主要的意思是urgent demand，紧急需求的，需要立即采取行动或援助的，而且需求是大量的；

正面: contentious
symbol: [kənˈtenʃəs]
definition: i.　adj. likely to cause controversy 有争议的
ii.　adj. exhibiting an often perverse and wearisome tendency to quarrels and disputes 喜欢争论的
sim: 【近】argumentative, disputatious, litigious, polemical, bellicose, impetuous
ano: 【反】amiable, complaisant, obliging, agreeable
zhuji: 【记】 contend 竞争

正面: incontrovertible
symbol: [ˌɪnkɑːntrəˈvɜːrtəbl]
definition: adj. not open to question: indisputable 毋庸置疑的/确定的
sim: 【近】certain, incontestable, indubitable, unequivocal, unexceptionable
zhuji: 【记】 controvert（v.议论；辩论）

正面: delegate
symbol: [ˈdelɪɡeɪt]
definition: i.　v. to assign responsibility or authority: appoint 任命/指派/授权
ii.　n. a person acting for another as a representative 代表
sim: 【近】commission, charge, deputize, designate
zhuji: 【记】 de离去 + legate 使节；下面 + leg 跑腿的,使节其实是为头儿跑腿的

正面: mesmerize
symbol: [ˈmezməraɪz]
definition: v. to subject to hypnotic appeal: enthrall 吸引/使着迷
sim: 【近】fascinate, grip, spellbind, entrance, hypnotize

正面: levity
symbol: [ˈlevəti]
definition: i.　n. excessive or unseemly frivolity: lightness 轻浮/不严肃
ii.　n. lack of steadiness: changeableness 多变/不稳定
sim: 【近】flippancy, frivolity, volatility
ano: 【反】gravity, sobriety
zhuji: 【记】 levitate，上浮→轻浮；Levis 名牌牛仔裤，穿着牛仔裤显得轻率和轻浮<br>【另】 elevator 电梯，elevate 举起，alleviate 减轻

正面: hoary
symbol: [ˈhɔːri]
definition: adj. extremely old: ancient 古老的
sim: 【近】antediluvian, antique, timeworn, venerable
zhuji: 【记】 hair；hoar (音：薅，有了白头发，薅掉白头发)（毛发因上岁数而）灰白的，上岁数的了

正面: allude
symbol: [əˈluːd]
definition: v. to make indirect reference: refer 暗指/间接提到
sim: 【近】advert, hint, imply, intimate
zhuji: 【记】 lud - play 提起 perception ，演奏；lude 音：露的，流露<br>【另】 ludicrous 可笑的, 滑稽的，allude 间接提到 暗指，collude(共谋，勾结 conspire,<br>plot)，delude（欺骗 deceive, trick），elude（躲避 escape the perception, understanding），interlude 两段之间的时间，prelude 前奏，postlude 终曲

正面: degrade
symbol: [dɪˈɡreɪd]
definition: i.　v. to bring to low esteem or into disrepute 贬低/羞辱
ii.　v. to lower in grade, rank, or status: demote (使)降级
sim: 【近】abase, belittle, debase, detract, humiliate
ano: 【反】uplift, elevate, boost

正面: boon
symbol: [buːn]
definition: n. one that is given in answer to a request: benefit, favor 恩惠/福利/利益
sim: 【近】advantage, benediction, blessing
zhuji: 【记】 bon 好

正面: rhetoric
symbol: [ˈretərɪk]
definition: i.　n. the art of speaking or writing effectively 修辞技巧/雄辩
ii.　n. insincere or grandiloquent language: bombast 夸张的言辞

正面: pastoral
symbol: [ˈpæstərəl]
definition: i.　adj. of or relating to the countryside: rural 乡村的/田园生活的
ii.　adj. pleasingly peaceful and innocent: idyllic 悠闲的/平静的
sim: 【近】bucolic, rustic, agrarian

正面: aesthetic
symbol: [esˈθetɪk]
definition: i.　adj. of, relating to, or dealing with aesthetics or the beautiful 审美的/有关美学的
ii.　adj. pleasing in appearance: attractive 吸引人的/带来美感的

正面: indifferent
symbol: [ɪnˈdɪfrənt]
definition: i.　adj. marked by impartiality: unbiased 客观的/中立的
ii.　adj. marked by a lack of interest or concern for something: apathetic 冷漠的/不关心的
iii.　adj. being neither good nor bad: mediocre 平庸的/中等的
sim: 【近】medium, fairish, intermediate, moderate
ano: 【反】attentive, considerate, heedful, regardful
zhuji: 【记】 in 不 + different 没有区别，指好还是坏，去还是不去，干还是不干等没有区别，没有喜好与倾向，无所谓

正面: extemporaneous
symbol: [ɪkˌstempəˈreɪniəs]
definition: adj. composed, performed, or uttered on the spur of the moment: impromptu 即兴的/临时的
sim: 【近】extemporary, impromptu, improvised, offhand, unrehearsed
ano: 【反】projected, schemed, deliberated, premeditated

正面: vigilant
symbol: [ˈvɪdʒɪlənt]
definition: adj. alertly watchful especially to avoid danger 警惕的/提防的
sim: 【近】attentive, alert, wary, heedful
zhuji: 【记】 来自vigil 守夜，值班，警戒，监视；音：危急了，危重了；危重病人情况危急，医生亲人均守夜值班警戒<br>【另】 vigorous 精力旺盛的, 有力的

正面: volition
symbol: [vəˈlɪʃn]
definition: n. the power of choosing or determining: will 自由意志/自主权
sim: 【近】autonomy, free-will, latitude
ano: 【反】force, coercion, compulsion, duress
zhuji: 【记】 源自will；v=w, i=o；voluntary 自动的, 自愿的<br>【另】 volunteer 志愿者，benevolent 慈善的 bene 善 + vole 意愿 组成

正面: tyro
symbol: [ˈtaɪroʊ]
definition: n. a beginner in learning: novice 新手/没有经验的人
sim: 【近】apprentice, colt, neophyte, novitiate, rookie
zhuji: 【记】 与typo 一起记，总爱打错字的是新手；音：太儒，太肉，太柔，太弱，全是新手的特征

正面: ostensible
symbol: [ɑːˈstensəbl]
definition: adj. plausible rather than demonstrably true or real: apparent 表面的/假装的
sim: 【近】illusory, seeming
zhuji: 【记】 out + extensible 向外展开的→表面的；outer外面 + pretend 伪装<br>【另】 extensible 可展开的, 可扩张的

正面: malapropos
symbol: [ˌmælæprəˈpoʊ]
definition: adj. in an inappropriate or inopportune way: improper 不合适的/不得体的
sim: 【近】inapt, unbefitting, undue, unseasonable, unseemly
ano: 【反】apropos

正面: adventitious
symbol: [ˌædvenˈtɪʃəs]
definition: i.　adj. coming from another source and not inherent or innate: extrinsic 外来的
ii.　adj. arising or occurring sporadically or by chance: accidental 偶然的/巧合的
zhuji: 【记】 advent (不寻常事)出现→偶然；adventure 冒险与奇遇都是偶然的

正面: subjugate
symbol: [ˈsʌbdʒuɡeɪt]
definition: v. to bring under control and governance as a subject: conquer 征服/使服从
sim: 【近】crush, enthrall, vanquish, compel, subdue
ano: 【反】liberate
zhuji: 【记】 源自sub + yoke 轭，在轭下面，被束缚；subject e=u, c=g；sub + judge 法官，被法官征服；

正面: resurgence
symbol: [rɪˈsɜːrdʒəns]
definition: n. a rising again into life, activity, or prominence: renascence 复苏/再现
sim: 【近】revival, reanimation, renaissance, resurrection, resuscitation

正面: cryptic
symbol: [ˈkrɪptɪk]
definition: adj. having or seeming to have a hidden or ambiguous meaning: mysterious 神秘的/模糊的
sim: 【近】enigmatic, equivocal, nebulous, opaque, obscure
zhuji: 【记】 crypto-隐藏，源自secret，se + cret 的后半部分；descript 描述，是由de否定 + crypt-组成，将隐晦的变成不隐晦，描绘出来；cry + pit 在地下的洞里喊，哭别人是听不到的，因为是洞是隐藏的<br>【另】 apocryphal 假冒的，decrypt 解密，encrypt 加密，procryptic (动物)保护色的

正面: hyperbole
symbol: [haɪˈpɜːrbəli]
definition: n. extravagant exaggeration 夸张(的语言或修辞手法)
sim: 【近】coloring, embellishment, embroidering, overstatement
ano: 【反】depreciation, minimization, understatement
zhuji: 【记】 hyper高 + ball 周星驰电影少林足球里飞得巨高的球→夸张；hyper高 + bole 发音象:抛<br>【另】 hyperbolic 抛物线

正面: flout
symbol: [flaʊt]
definition: v. to treat with contemptuous disregard: scorn 嘲讽/轻视
sim: 【近】scoff, gibe, jeer, sneer
ano: 【反】revere, esteem, regard
zhuji: 【记】 flaunt 是炫耀自己，flout 是蔑视他人；一个小姑奶奶(aunt)轻蔑地(flout) 飞了出去fly out，四处炫耀自己 flaunt<br>【另】 flaunt 炫耀，卖弄地展示，

正面: thoroughgoing
symbol: [ˌθɜːroʊˈɡoʊɪŋ]
definition: adj. marked by thoroughness or zeal: thorough, complete 彻底的/完全的
sim: 【近】exhaustive, complete, comprehensive, sweeping

正面: rebuff
symbol: [rɪˈbʌf]
definition: v. to reject or criticize sharply: snub 断然拒绝/漠视
sim: 【近】fend, rebut, repel, repulse, ward
zhuji: 【记】 re 回 + buff 音：不服，(喂，楼上的,)不服气？回贴拒绝，并猛批之；re 反 + buffer 缓冲器，缓冲器反弹回来→拒绝；

正面: infinitesimal
symbol: [ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtesɪml]
definition: adj. immeasurably or incalculably small 极小的

正面: eschew
symbol: [ɪsˈtʃuː]
definition: v. to avoid habitually especially on moral or practical grounds: shun 避免/躲避
sim: 【近】escape, elude, evade, shun, shy
ano: 【反】embrace, espouse
zhuji: 【记】 源自skew 斜着走，斜视, ch=k；e 出 + school 学校→不上学，避开；es出 + true 真实，现实→逃避现实

正面: expatiate
symbol: [ɪkˈspeɪʃieɪt]
definition: i.　v. to move about freely or at will: wander 漫游
ii.　v. to speak or write at length or in detail: expound 详细解释/阐述
sim: 【近】discourse, elucidate, elaborate, dilate, dissertate

正面: query
symbol: [ˈkwɪri]
definition: i.　n. a question in the mind: doubt 疑问/质疑
ii.　v. to ask questions about especially in order to resolve a doubt 询问/质问
sim: 【近】examine, inquire, interrogate

正面: discrete
symbol: [dɪˈskriːt]
definition: adj. consisting of distinct or unconnected elements: discontinuous 不连续的/离散的
sim: 【近】distinct, diverse, separate, various
ano: 【反】blended, fused, merged, mingled
zhuji: 【记】 concrete 是实体，聚在一起的，discrete 是反意，不聚在一起，分裂的；dis create 制造出的不同的；discrete math 离散数学

正面: accrete
symbol: [əˈkrit]
definition: v. to grow or become attached by addition: accumulate 积累/逐渐增长
sim: 【近】augment
zhuji: 【记】 ac 加强 + create 产生→更多的产生<br>【另】 concrete，excrete，increase,增加； decrement 减少

正面: satire
symbol: [ˈsætaɪər]
definition: n. a literary work holding up human vices and follies to ridicule or scorn 讽刺(作品)
sim: 【近】banter, mockery, persiflage, parody, spoof
zhuji: 【记】 sate 厌腻 + tiresome 无聊，烦人，吃饱了无聊的就讽刺别人；音：沙丁鱼，鱼是有刺的，讽刺的；

正面: miscreant
symbol: [ˈmɪskriənt]
definition: i.　n. one who behaves criminally or viciously 恶棍/罪大恶极的人
ii.　adj. depraved, villainous 邪恶的/堕落的
sim: 【近】vicious, degenerate, depraved, flagitious, infamous, nefarious, perverse
zhuji: 【记】 mis + create 产生，创造，生错了，怎么生出这么个坏人来；做出不好事的

正面: convoluted
symbol: [ˈkɑːnvəluːtɪd]
definition: adj. highly complex or intricate: involved 复杂的/纠结的
sim: 【近】winding, meandering, sinuous, tortuous
zhuji: 【记】 volute 旋转，涡形；revolution 旋转<br>【另】 devolution落下 转移, evolution 进展 演变，involute 纷乱，渐开线

正面: jingoism
symbol: [ˈdʒɪŋɡoʊɪzəm]
definition: n. extreme chauvinism marked by a belligerent foreign policy 侵略主义/极端的爱国主义

正面: buttress
symbol: [ˈbʌtrəs]
definition: v. to furnish or shore up with a buttress: support, strengthen 支持/支撑
sim: 【近】bolster, shore up, sustain, uphold
zhuji: 【记】 butt buttocks的简写 臀部 + rest 人坐着休息时臀部是支持；butt + press, stress；粗端 + 压力；承受压力的底端；

正面: dishearten
symbol: [dɪsˈhɑːrtn]
definition: v. to cause to lose spirit or morale: discourage 使沮丧/打击
sim: 【近】chill, deject, demoralize, disparage, dispirit
zhuji: 【记】 dis不好 + heart心，灰心

正面: lionize
symbol: [ˈlaɪənaɪz]
definition: v. to treat as an object of great interest or importance 敬仰/崇拜/视…为重要的
sim: 【近】glorify, idolize, celebrate, acclaim
zhuji: 【记】 lion 狮子 + ize 狮子是森林之王，受人看重

正面: furtive
symbol: [ˈfɜːrtɪv]
definition: adj. done by stealth: surreptitious 秘密的/暗中的
sim: 【近】clandestine, covert, stealthy, cloaked, sly
ano: 【反】forthright; barefaced, brazen, impudent, presumptuous
zhuji: 【记】 音：伏体卧，伏下身体卧倒→偷偷摸摸，fur (动物，兽类的毛，毛皮)动物的毛皮在树从里<br>，动物就是这样偷偷摸摸，免得被天敌发现

正面: viable
symbol: [ˈvaɪəbl]
definition: i.　adj. capable of living, growing, or developing 可存活的
ii.　adj. capable of working, functioning, or developing adequately: feasible 可行的
sim: 【近】possible, doable, practicable, workable
zhuji: 【记】 源自vit- 生命，survive, live；via 通过 + ble 能通过的，过得去，可行的，能活的

正面: dupe
symbol: [duːp]
definition: i.　n. one that is easily deceived or cheated: fool 轻信的人/易受骗的人
ii.　v. to fool or hoax: delude 欺骗/愚弄
sim: 【近】beguile, deceive, mislead, cozen, defraud
zhuji: 【记】 音：杜甫，诗人杜甫很善良，处处关心他人，但是总是受骗上当；duplicate 复制品，买了复制品，受骗上当了

正面: exemplar
symbol: [ɪɡˈzemplɑːr]
definition: n. one that serves as a model or an example 模仿/样本
sim: 【近】archetype, paradigm, prototype

正面: vitriolic
symbol: [ˌvɪtriˈɑːlɪk]
definition: adj. marked by virulence of feeling or of speech: bitter 尖酸的/刻薄的
sim: 【近】antagonistic, hostile, rancorous, virulent
zhuji: 【记】 源自vitr 玻璃，主要成分是硅酸盐，里面有酸→刻薄，玻璃本身也是尖刻的，易划伤人

正面: articulate
symbol: [ɑːrˈtɪkjuleɪt]
definition: i.　adj. expressing oneself readily, clearly, or effectively: vocal 表达清晰的/口才好的
ii.　v. to give clear and effective utterance: enunciate 清楚地表达
sim: 【近】eloquent, fluent, smooth-spoken
zhuji: 【记】 article 文章 + ate 动词，写文章是每句话或每一段都接合起来，表达清楚，能说会道的

正面: ubiquitous
symbol: [juːˈbɪkwɪtəs]
definition: adj. existing or being everywhere at the same time: widespread 无处不在的/普遍的
sim: 【近】omnipresent, pervasive, allover, universal
zhuji: 【记】 音：无比 quit 离开，停止；怎么都不离开，哪都有

正面: philanthropic
symbol: [ˌfɪlənˈθrɑːpɪk]
definition: adj. characterized by philanthropy or charity: humanitarian 博爱的/慈善的
sim: 【近】charitable, altruistic, benevolent, eleemosynary, humane
zhuji: 【记】 phil 爱 + anthropy 人类→爱人的

正面: augment
symbol: [ɔːɡˈment]
definition: i.　v. to make greater, more numerous, larger, or more intense: increase 增大/增强
ii.　v. to supplement 补充
sim: 【近】enlarge, expand, manifold, multiply, upsurge, wax

正面: qualify
symbol: [ˈkwɑːlɪfaɪ]
definition: i.　v. to reduce from a general to a particular or restricted form (缩小范围以)限定/使具体
ii.　v. to characterize by naming an attribute: describe 描绘/描述
iii.　v. to fit by training, skill, or ability for a special purpose 使有资格
sim: 【近】entitle, authorize

正面: nebulous
symbol: [ˈnebjələs]
definition: adj. of, relating to, or resembling a nebula: indistinct, vague 模糊的/像星云一般的
zhuji: 【记】 nebula 音：奶布尿湿，小宝宝喝奶时擦的布,白色的奶渍象是星云,或者尿湿的尿布；

正面: detrimental
symbol: [ˌdetrɪˈmentl]
definition: adj. obviously harmful: damaging 有害的
sim: 【近】adverse, deleterious, injurious, mischievous, nocuous

正面: refute
symbol: [rɪˈfjuːt]
definition: v. to prove wrong or erroneous by argument or evidence: disprove 推翻/证明…是假的
sim: 【近】confound, confute, controvert, disconfirm, rebut
zhuji: 【记】 近于refuse 拒绝；re 回 + foot 脚，踢回一脚→驳斥

正面: derive
symbol: [dɪˈraɪv]
definition: v. to take, receive, or obtain especially from a specified source 源于/从…获得
sim: 【近】educe, evolve, excogitate; draw, collect

正面: exacerbate
symbol: [ɪɡˈzæsərbeɪt]
definition: v. to make more violent, bitter, or severe (使)恶化/(使)加剧
sim: 【近】acerbate, embitter, envenom, exasperate, irritate, provoke
ano: 【反】assuage, appease, mollify, pacify, placate, moderate
zhuji: 【记】 ex + acerbic 酸，苦涩，尖刻→向外喷酸→激怒，使恶化<br>【另】 acid 酸的

正面: contrite
symbol: [kənˈtraɪt]
definition: adj. feeling or showing sorrow and remorse for a sin or shortcoming: remorseful 悔悟的/后悔的
sim: 【近】attritional, compunctious, penitent, repentant
zhuji: 【记】 con + 音：踹它 一起踹他，大家一起踹坏人，坏人悔罪；con + trite 磨→一起磨，心里象万把刀在磨→痛悔；con + trial it 审判→一起审判它→它很痛悔<br>【另】 attrition 摩擦磨损，detrition 磨损，triturate 磨碎

正面: incongruous
symbol: [ɪnˈkɑːŋɡruəs]
definition: i.　adj. not harmonious or conforming: incompatible, disagreeing 不一致的/不协调的
ii.　adj. lacking propriety: unsuitable 不合适的/不得体的
sim: 【近】conflicting, discordant, discrepant, dissonant, inconsistent
ano: 【反】appropriate, seemly

正面: impassive
symbol: [ɪmˈpæsɪv]
definition: i.　adj. unsusceptible to physical feeling: insensible 无知觉的
ii.　adj. giving no sign of feeling or emotion: expressionless, apathetic 冷漠的
sim: 【近】phlegmatic, stoic, stolid, callous, hardened
ano: 【反】compassionate, sympathetic, tender, warmhearted
zhuji: 【记】 im + passive 如果看成激情的话，理解成：im + adj时，im 表示否定，无激情的；im + passive 被动的，消极的，缺乏活力的，更加消极及无活力，整个一个冷漠，无表情<br>Man who has a settled purpose will surely succeed. 有志者事竟成。 <br>【另】 im + adj im 表示否定，无激情的

正面: licentious
symbol: [laɪˈsenʃəs]
definition: adj. lacking legal or moral restraints: reprobate 放纵的/放荡的
sim: 【近】abandoned, dissolute, lascivious, libertine, libidinous
ano: 【反】continent, chaste, decent, rigid
zhuji: 【记】 license有了执照与许可便可以放肆，甚至放荡，没执照啥都不让干

正面: prescience
symbol: [ˈpresiəns]
definition: n. foreknowledge or anticipation of the course of events: foresight 预见性/先知
sim: 【近】prophecy, clairvoyance, precognition

正面: reproach
symbol: [rɪˈproʊtʃ]
definition: i.　v. to express disappointment in or displeasure with: reprove 责备/批评
ii.　n. an expression of criticism or disapproval 责备/谴责
sim: 【近】admonish, chide, rebuke, reprimand
zhuji: 【记】 re 反 + approach 靠近，靠近表示支持赞同，反意就是反对，责骂

正面: entrenched
symbol: [ɪnˈtrentʃt]
definition: adj. solidly established or deep-rooted 根深蒂固的/传统的
sim: 【近】inveterate, confirmed, deep-seated, settled

正面: miser
symbol: [ˈmaɪzər]
definition: n. one who is extremely stingy with money: niggard 吝啬的人/守财奴
sim: 【近】penny pincher, scrooge, skinflint

正面: encumber
symbol: [ɪnˈkʌmbər]
definition: i.　v. to impede or hamper the function or activity of: hinder 阻碍/妨害
ii.　v. to weigh down or burden 拖累/成为…的负担
sim: 【近】cumber, load, saddle, weigh
zhuji: 【记】 en 使 + cumber 躺下，使人躺下，因为施加的压力太重了→沉重，阻碍<br>【另】 decumbent 躺下，encumber 阻碍，incumbency 职责义务，procumbent 俯卧的, 匍匐<br>，recumbent 靠着的, 斜躺的，succumb屈服

正面: pungent
symbol: [ˈpʌndʒənt]
definition: i.　adj. causing a sharp or irritating sensation: acrid 辛辣的/刺激性的
ii.　adj. marked by a sharp incisive quality: caustic 尖酸的/刻薄的
sim: 【近】acrid, acerbic, biting, scathing, vitriolic
zhuji: 【记】 音：喷针，嘴巴辣的象向外喷针，辣椒太刺激，尖锐；音：盘蒸，盆蒸，盘子蒸的东西发出辣味；

正面: compound
symbol: [kəmˈpaʊnd]
definition: i.　v. to put together so as to form a whole: combine 合成/混合
ii.　v. to settle amicably: adjust by agreement 和解/妥协
iii.　adj. composed of union of separate elements, ingredients, or parts 复合的/混合的
iv. n. something formed by a union of elements or parts: mixture 混合物
sim: 【近】alloy, amalgam, blend, composite, fusion
zhuji: 【记】 com + pound 一起弄到一个栏里；pound，源自pond池塘，围栏；也有英磅，重，重打的意思<br>，com + pound一起捣烂，混合化合<br>Deep rivers move in silence, shallow brooks are noisy. 深水静静流，浅溪潺潺流。

正面: delineate
symbol: [dɪˈlɪnieɪt]
definition: v. to describe, portray, or set forth with accuracy or in detail: represent 描绘/描写
sim: 【近】depict, interpret, limn, portray, render
zhuji: 【记】 de + line 线条→用线条描绘<br>【另】 outline 轮廓

正面: patent
symbol: [ˈpætnt]
definition: i.　adj. readily visible or intelligible: obvious, evident 显然的/明显的
ii.　n. an official document conferring a right or privilege 专利
sim: 【近】apparent, distinct, manifest, palpable, plain
zhuji: 【记】 pat 拍，发音也是拍 + 音：头，一拍头想出的专利，专利是明显的，公开的；patient 病人，耐心的；这个有病，一看就知道→显而易见；耐心(工作)才能发明专利

正面: rile
symbol: [raɪl]
definition: i.　v. to make agitated and angry: upset, irritate 激怒
ii.　v. to make turbid by stirring up the sediments of: roil 使浑浊
sim: 【近】aggravate, inflame, nettle, peeve, pique, provoke
zhuji: 【记】 同roil

正面: munificent
symbol: [mjuːˈnɪfɪsnt]
definition: adj. characterized by great liberality or generosity: liberal 慷慨的/丰厚的
sim: 【近】bountiful, freehanded, unsparing
zhuji: 【记】 money + sufficient充足，钱很充足，随便给

正面: cohesion
symbol: [koʊˈhiːʒn]
definition: n. the act or state of sticking together tightly: unity 连贯性/凝聚力
sim: 【近】adherence, bond, cling, coherence

正面: descry
symbol: [dɪˈskraɪ]
definition: v. to catch sight of: discover 看见/察觉
sim: 【近】see, discern, distinguish, perceive, detect

正面: diligent
symbol: [ˈdɪlɪdʒənt]
definition: adj. characterized by steady, earnest, and energetic effort: painstaking 勤勉的/用功的
sim: 【近】assiduous, industrious, sedulous, persevering
ano: 【反】laggard, desultory, dilatory

正面: unprecedented
symbol: [ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd]
definition: adj. having no previous example: novel, unexampled 史无前例的/空前的

正面: penury
symbol: [ˈpenjəri]
definition: i.　n. a cramping and oppressive lack of resources: severe poverty 贫穷
ii.　n. extreme and often niggardly frugality 吝啬/过分节俭
sim: 【近】destitution, impecuniousness, impoverishment, indigence
zhuji: 【记】 音：贫奴，贫女

正面: glut
symbol: [ɡlʌt]
definition: i.　n. an excessive quantity: oversupply 过量
ii.　v. to eat gluttonously 过量地吃/暴食
sim: 【近】excess, surfeit, surplus, plethora
zhuji: 【记】 音：哥狼吞，这位gg狼吞虎咽的太能吃，吃的过多；gut 肚子，内脏 + flood 淹没，充满；<br>【另】 glutton 暴食者；glutamate 谷氨酸盐(味精) = glut + mate 暴食伴侣，有了味精就猛吃

正面: copious
symbol: [ˈkoʊpiəs]
definition: adj. plentiful in number 丰富的/大量的
sim: 【近】abundant, ample, bountiful, exuberant, lush
ano: 【反】meager, exiguous, scanty, sparse, slight
zhuji: 【记】 copy拷贝，由于拷贝的盛行，使电影电视音乐软件下载丰富多产；corp corporation 公司，社团是很多人组成，公司很多→很多，大量<br>【另】 opulent 富裕的, 丰富的 <br>Do't pick the sesame seeds but overlook the watermelons. 勿拣了芝麻，丢了西瓜。

正面: restive
symbol: [ˈrestɪv]
definition: i.　adj. stubbornly resisting control: balky 倔强的/难驾驭的
ii.　adj. marked by impatience or uneasiness: fidgety 不安定的/烦躁的
sim: 【近】restless, nervy, uptight
zhuji: 【记】 这个字特殊，不是休息的意思，有点象restless，但不完全是其同义词，指由于外界的因素造成的不安宁与不耐烦<br>【另】 restless 得不到休息的, 不平静的,

正面: acme
symbol: [ˈækmi]
definition: n. the highest point or stage: apex 顶点/最高点
sim: 【近】apogee, culmination, peak, pinnacle, zenith
zhuji: 【记】 ace + me 我是王牌，扑克牌的A是ace→在最顶点上<br>【另】 ace 扑克牌的A，王牌，acne 脸上的小尖：粉刺，apex 顶点

正面: connoisseur
symbol: [ˌkɑːnəˈsʊr]
definition: n. one who understands the details, technique, or principles of an art: expert 专家/鉴赏家
ano: 【反】abecedarian, amateur, dabbler, tyro
zhuji: 【记】 con + noise 一起吵吵嚷嚷的人→鉴赏家

正面: benign
symbol: [bɪˈnaɪn]
definition: i.　adj. having no significant effect: harmless 无害的/良性的
ii.　adj. showing kindness and gentleness: gracious 友善的/和蔼的
ano: 【反】malevolent, malicious, malignant, spiteful; acrid, caustic, mordant
zhuji: 【记】 源自bene + gen；bene + gental；bene 好 + nice；be + knight 做个骑士

正面: impudent
symbol: [ˈɪmpjədənt]
definition: adj. marked by contemptuous or cocky boldness or disregard of others: insolent 粗鲁的/无礼的
sim: 【近】audacious, bodacious, brazen, impertinent, brassy
zhuji: 【记】 im 不 + pudent 礼貌，student 学生最基本的是礼貌；independent 不依赖别人→反叛的孩子→放肆无礼；im + respondent 不回复来信→冒失无礼

正面: eloquent
symbol: [ˈeləkwənt]
definition: adj. marked by forceful and fluent expression: articulate 善于表达的/雄辩的
sim: 【近】vocal, potent, smooth-spoken, voluble

正面: fawn
symbol: [fɔːn]
definition: v. to court favor by a cringing or flattering manner 奉承/谄媚
sim: 【近】blandish, cajole, coax, wheedle
zhuji: 【记】 faun 放牧，放牧时想象草原上小鹿，小牧羊狗对你摇尾乞怜对你讨好的样子

正面: tawdry
symbol: [ˈtɔːdri]
definition: adj. cheap and gaudy in appearance or quality 廉价而俗丽的
sim: 【近】tasteless, garish, meretricious
zhuji: 【记】 音：头坠，一种首饰，戴着镶有(假)钻石的头坠→俗丽

正面: firebrand
symbol: [ˈfaɪərbrænd]
definition: n. one that creates unrest or strife: agitator 煽动(混乱)者

正面: prodigious
symbol: [prəˈdɪdʒəs]
definition: i.　adj. resembling or befitting a prodigy: strange, unusual 惊人的/异常的
ii.　adj. extraordinary in bulk, quantity, or degree: enormous 巨大的
sim: 【近】colossal, gigantic, immense, mammoth, tremendous
zhuji: 【记】 来自prodigy, y=i；pro + 音：地基，盖楼需要巨大的地基；dig 挖，挖出一个巨大的金矿或皇陵来

正面: bolster
symbol: [ˈboʊlstər]
definition: v. to support with or as if with a bolster: reinforce 支持/支撑
sim: 【近】buttress, reinforce, sustain, uphold
zhuji: 【记】 booster支持，有点象bolt般的东西

正面: staid
symbol: [steɪd]
definition: adj. marked by settled sedateness and often prim self-restraint: sober 沉着的/冷静的
sim: 【近】serious, grave, solemn, somber, decorous

正面: cavil
symbol: [ˈkævl]
definition: v. to raise trivial and frivolous objection: quibble 吹毛求疵/挑剔
sim: 【近】carp, nitpick, niggle, hypercriticize
zhuji: 【记】 cave 洞 + ill 病→(找)有毛病的洞，吹毛求疵<br>【另】 cavity

正面: discern
symbol: [dɪˈsɜːrn]
definition: i.　v. to detect or see 看见/察觉
ii.　v. to recognize or identify as separate and distinct: discriminate 看清/辨别
sim: 【近】differentiate, distinguish, separate
zhuji: 【记】 concern 关心，关注→要关心就得看清楚，认识，洞悉，辨别；dis + certain 不确定，不确信→就得仔细看，辨别，洞悉

正面: lighthearted
symbol: [ˈlaɪtˈhɑːrtɪd]
definition: adj. free from care, anxiety, or seriousness: happy-go-lucky 愉快的/无忧无虑的
sim: 【近】carefree, insouciant, lightsome, joyful, buoyant, effervescent
ano: 【反】heavyhearted, downcast, dispirited, depressed

正面: abash
symbol: [əˈbæʃ]
definition: v. to destroy the self-possession or self-confidence of: disconcert 使羞愧/使不安
sim: 【近】embarrass, confound, discomfit, faze, rattle
ano: 【反】embolden, reassure
zhuji: 【记】 bash打；音近于embarrass 使困窘； 麻烦；音：阿白氏，这个女子很羞涩

正面: lethargic
symbol: [ləˈθɑːrdʒɪk]
definition: i.　adj. of, relating to, or characterized by tiredness: sluggish 劳累的/无精打采的
ii.　adj. indifferent, apathetic 冷漠的
sim: 【近】dormant, inert, phlegmatic, torpid, lackadaisical
zhuji: 【记】 lethargy 昏睡

正面: putrefy
symbol: [ˈpjuːtrɪfaɪ]
definition: i.　v. to make rotten: decay (使)腐烂/(使)腐败
ii.　v. to morally corrupt (使)堕落
sim: 【近】crumble, decompose, disintegrate, rot, taint

正面: opaque
symbol: [oʊˈpeɪk]
definition: i.　adj. blocking the passage of radiant energy and especially light 不透明的
ii.　adj. hard to understand or explain: obscure 难懂的/晦涩的
sim: 【近】ambiguous, equivocal, tenebrous, unintelligible, vague
zhuji: 【记】 音：欧佩克，石油输出国组织→石油→石油多是不透明的，黑色的

正面: demonstrative
symbol: [dɪˈmɑːnstrətɪv]
definition: adj. inclined to display feelings openly: effusive (感情)外露的/溢于言表的
sim: 【近】affectionate, outpouring, outspoken, extroverted
ano: 【反】constrained, reserved, restrained, retiring, introverted

正面: lucid
symbol: [ˈluːsɪd]
definition: i.　adj. suffused with light: luminous 明亮的
ii.　adj. having full use of one’s faculties: sane 理智的/有头脑的
iii.　adj. clear to the understanding: intelligible 易懂的/明了的
sim: 【近】apprehensible, comprehensible, fathomable, graspable
zhuji: 【记】 音：流晰的，流溪的，流水的，象流水，小溪一般清澈，清晰

正面: exalt
symbol: [ɪɡˈzɔːlt]
definition: i.　v. to elevate by praise or in estimation: glorify 赞扬
ii.　v. to raise high: elevate 提升/抬高
sim: 【近】aggrandize, dignify, distinguish, ennoble, magnify
ano: 【反】abase, humiliate, belittle, decry, depreciate, derogate, detract, disparage, minimize
zhuji: 【记】 ex+alt 高 →捧高别人→赞扬<br>【另】 altitude(海拔)高度， altimeter 高度计

正面: warrant
symbol: [ˈwɔːrənt]
definition: i.　v. to declare or maintain with certainty 声称/表明
ii.　v. to guarantee especially in respect of the quality or quantity specified: certify 保证
iii.　v. to give sanction to: authorize 批准/授权
sim: 【近】argue, assert, contend, vindicate
zhuji: 【记】 近于guarantee gu=w,保证，保证书，证明正当的保证(书)，将g去掉就是；<br>【另】 比较ward与guard

正面: imperious
symbol: [ɪmˈpɪriəs]
definition: i.　adj. marked by arrogant assurance: domineering 专横的/傲慢的
ii.　adj. intensely compelling: urgent 紧急的/迫切的
sim: 【近】bossy, high-handed, overbearing, peremptory
zhuji: 【记】 象emperor 皇帝一样

正面: abject
symbol: [ˈæbdʒekt]
definition: i.　adj. cast down in spirit: spiritless 无精打采的
ii.　adj. expressing or offered in a humble and often ingratiating spirit: servile 奴性的/卑躬屈膝的
sim: 【近】gloomy, wretched, dismal, miserable
ano: 【反】lighthearted, carefree, blithe, casual
zhuji: 【记】 ab 否定，+ ject 抛，射， 不要被抛掉了；object 反对<br>【另】 abject 可怜的，deject 使沮丧，eject 逐出 喷射，inject 注射 注入，interject 插嘴, 突然插入<br>，object 物体 反对，project 发射 放映 工程，reject 拒绝，subject 主题，traject 传导

正面: divulge
symbol: [daɪˈvʌldʒ]
definition: v. to make known a confidence or secret: reveal 揭露/泄露
sim: 【近】betray, disclose, give away, unclose
zhuji: 【记】 前面象reveal；dis 向四周 + vulgar 大众的，粗俗的，make public 让大众都知道<br>【另】 vulgar 大众的，粗俗的

正面: amenable
symbol: [əˈmiːnəbl]
definition: i.　adj. readily brought to yield, submit, or cooperate: obedient 易接受建议的/顺从的
ii.　adj. liable to be brought to account: answerable, responsive 对…有责任的/易做出反应的
sim: 【近】biddable, docile, tractable, tame, malleable
ano: 【反】recalcitrant, refractory, mulish, obstinate, truculent
zhuji: 【记】 a men ble 形容词，做为一个男人的特征，有责任，义务，经得起考验，顺从讲理，愿意；音：阿门，基督徒对上帝的特点

正面: enigmatic
symbol: [ˌenɪɡˈmætɪk]
definition: adj. of, relating to, or resembling an enigma: mysterious 神秘的/谜一样的
sim: 【近】cryptic, dark, mystifying

正面: presumptuous
symbol: [prɪˈzʌmptʃuəs]
definition: adj. overstepping due bounds: arrogant 傲慢的/不得体的/过分的
sim: 【近】brash, presuming, self-assertive, pretentious, smug
ano: 【反】deferential, dutiful, submissive, appropriate, proper
zhuji: 【记】 assume 也是假定，presume 是提前假定，更加大胆的假定

正面: ignominious
symbol: [ˌɪɡnəˈmɪniəs]
definition: adj. deserving of shame or infamy: despicable, dishonorable 可鄙的/耻辱的
sim: 【近】discreditable, disgraceful, reprehensible, discomfiting
ano: 【反】reputable, glorious, respectable

正面: complementary
symbol: [ˌkɑːmplɪˈmentri]
definition: adj. mutually supplying each other’s lack 互补的

正面: nonplus
symbol: [ˌnɑnˈplʌs]
definition: i.　n. a state of bafflement or perplexity: quandary 困境/迷惑
ii.　v. to cause to be at a loss as to what to say, think, or do: perplex 使困惑
sim: 【近】baffle, stymie, confound, puzzle
zhuji: 【记】non不 + plus 加→不会加，不会加法，考G数学时不会加法会很窘的

正面: dovetail
symbol: [ˈdʌvteɪl]
definition: v. to skillfully fit or combine to form a whole: harmonize 使协调/使吻合/使一致
sim: 【近】agree, accord, correspond, jibe

正面: catholic
symbol: [ˈkæθlɪk]
definition: adj. comprehensive, universal; especially broad in sympathies, tastes, or interests 普遍的
sim: 【近】cosmic, cosmopolitan, ecumenical, worldwide
ano: 【反】parochial, provincial
zhuji: 【记】 Catholic 天主教；在国外，教堂很常见，普遍与广泛，无所不在

正面: complicity
symbol: [kəmˈplɪsəti]
definition: n. association or participation in or as if in a wrongful act 共谋/串通
sim: 【近】collusion, connivance

正面: remonstrate
symbol: [rɪˈmɑːnstreɪt]
definition: v. to present and urge reasons in opposition: expostulate 抗议/反对
sim: 【近】object, inveigh, protest

正面: erudite
symbol: [ˈerudaɪt]
definition: adj. possessing or displaying knowledge: learned 博学的
sim: 【近】scholarly, lettered, studious, literate
zhuji: 【记】 e 出 + rude 粗鲁，没文化，没教养，原始→有文化

正面: pontificate
symbol: [pɑːnˈtɪfɪkeɪt]
definition: v. to speak or express opinions in a pompous or dogmatic way: swagger 夸大地说/武断地说
zhuji: 【记】 音：胖体肥口，(有些人)瞧他脑满肠肥昏庸的样子，还那么自以为是

正面: egregious
symbol: [ɪˈɡriːdʒiəs]
definition: adj. conspicuously bad or infamous: flagrant 臭名昭著的/令人反感的

正面: reconcile
symbol: [ˈrekənsaɪl]
definition: i.　v. to make consistent or congruous: harmonize 使和解/使一致
ii.　v. to cause to submit to or accept something unpleasant 使(甘愿)顺从/使(被迫)适应
sim: 【近】accommodate, attune, coordinate, integrate
ano: 【反】estrange, alienate
zhuji: 【记】 cile 眼睫毛，有柔软顺服的意思；re + council 重新加入理事会→调解<br>【另】 docile 听话的, 容易教的, 温顺的，cilia 睫, 纤毛

正面: retort
symbol: [rɪˈtɔːrt]
definition: i.　v. to answer by a counter argument 反驳/顶嘴
ii.　v. to retaliate 报复
sim: 【近】reply, rejoinder, riposte
zhuji: 【记】 re 反，回 + tort 扭<br>【另】 torture 折磨，tortuous 曲折的 contort 扭曲，distort 歪曲 extort 敲诈勒索 retort 反驳

正面: resolute
symbol: [ˈrezəluːt]
definition: adj. marked by firm determination: resolved, faithful 坚定的/果断的
sim: 【近】decided, decisive, staunch, steadfast
zhuji: 【记】 源自resolve的过去分词；

正面: edify
symbol: [ˈedɪfaɪ]
definition: v. to instruct and improve especially in moral and religious knowledge: enlighten 启发/教诲
sim: 【近】illuminate, irradiate, uplift, elucidate

正面: commensurate
symbol: [kəˈmenʃərət]
definition: adj. corresponding in size, extent, amount, or degree: proportionate 相称的/成比例的
sim: 【近】proportional, commensurable, symmetrical
zhuji: 【记】 com 同 + measur 测量 +ate→测量相同→相称的<br>【另】 immense 广大无边的，dimension 尺寸

正面: dispense
symbol: [dɪˈspens]
definition: i.　v. to prepare and distribute 分配/给予
ii.　v. to give dispensation to: exempt 免除/豁免
sim: 【近】absolve, discharge, privilege, relieve

正面: errant
symbol: [ˈerənt]
definition: i.　adj. moving about aimlessly or irregularly (无目的)漫游的/漂泊的
ii.　adj. behaving wrongly: fallible 犯错误的
sim: 【近】erring, unreliable
zhuji: 【记】 error + ran 跑错，就是脱离正途；error + ant 有错的蚂蚁，走错路的蚂蚁四处漫游，有errand的意思

正面: saturate
symbol: [ˈsætʃəreɪt]
definition: i.　v. to satisfy fully: satiate 使满足
ii.　v. to fill completely with something that permeates or pervades: permeate 浸透/使饱和
sim: 【近】impenetrate, interpenetrate, penetrate, pervade
zhuji: 【记】 源自sate 吃饱 饱合 + ate 吃；Saturday + ate 吃，周六吃，吃得都饱合了

正面: evenhanded
symbol: [ˈiːvənˈhændɪd]
definition: adj. without partiality: fair 公平的/无私的
sim: 【近】unbiased, equitable, unprejudiced, impartial

正面: complacent
symbol: [kəmˈpleɪsnt]
definition: adj. marked by contentment: self-satisfied 自满的/得意的
sim: 【近】priggish, self-contented, smug
ano: 【反】humble, modest, diffident
zhuji: 【记】 源自please 喜悦，全喜悦就自满了；com + place 全放下了，什么都不干了，自满

正面: virulent
symbol: [ˈvɪrələnt]
definition: i.　adj. full of hatred: malignant 恶意的
ii.　adj. extremely poisonous 有毒的/有害的
sim: 【近】mephitic, toxicant, venomous
zhuji: 【记】 源自virus；virus + violent 剧烈的病毒，剧毒；virus + lent借，放高利贷的人象病毒一样恶毒

正面: stringent
symbol: [ˈstrɪndʒənt]
definition: adj. marked by rigor or severity especially with regard to standard: strict 严格的/严厉的
sim: 【近】rigid, draconian, ironhanded, severe
zhuji: 【记】 string + gen 音：紧，绳子拉紧<br>Wealth is nothing without health.　　失去健康，钱再多也没用。 <br>【另】 strained 紧张的

正面: captious
symbol: [ˈkæpʃəs]
definition: adj. marked by an ill-natured inclination to stress faults and raise objections 挑剔的/吹毛求疵的
sim: 【近】carping, caviling, censorious, faultfinding, hypercritical
ano: 【反】appreciative, judicious, knowledgeable
zhuji: 【记】 caption 文章尤其是论文的标题,总是吹毛求疵,还有第一第二作者之争；captain也容易有这毛病

正面: stolid
symbol: [ˈstɑːlɪd]
definition: adj. having or expressing little or no sensibility: unemotional 不动感情的/冷漠的
sim: 【近】impassive, apathetic, phlegmatic, stoic
ano: 【反】sensitive
zhuji: 【记】 源自stupid 愚蠢，麻木；solid 固体，实心，说这人太实心眼了，象木头一样

正面: avid
symbol: [ˈævɪd]
definition: i.　adj. characterized by enthusiasm and vigorous pursuit: eager 热情的/热衷的
ii.　adj. desirous to the point of greed, urgently eager: greedy 贪婪的/渴求的
sim: 【近】covetous, craving, importunate, gluttonous
ano: 【反】aloof, averse, disinclined, indisposed, loath
zhuji: 【记】 a video→audio video 音乐，电影，电视使许多人很热心；vivid 生动大胆活跃，都有<br>vigorously的意思<br>【另】 fervid 热的, 热心的

正面: thwart
symbol: [θwɔːrt]
definition: i.　v. to run counter to so as to effectively oppose or baffle: contravene 阻碍/反对
ii.　v. to defeat the hopes or aspirations of: frustrate 挫败/使沮丧
sim: 【近】frustrate, baffle, balk, curb, restrain, stymie
ano: 【反】aid, abet, encourage
zhuji: 【记】 thought + war 战争中思考，为了阻挠敌人并使其受挫；throughout 从这头到那头横跨，遍及

正面: maxim
symbol: [ˈmæksɪm]
definition: n. a general truth, fundamental principle, or rule of conduct: motto 格言/准则/座右铭
sim: 【近】aphorism, axiom, dictum

正面: insatiable
symbol: [ɪnˈseɪʃəbl]
definition: adj. incapable of being satisfied: quenchless 贪婪的/无法满足的
sim: 【近】exigent, clamorous, yearning

正面: expiation
symbol: [ˌekspiˈeɪʃn]
definition: n. the act of making compensation for one’s wrongdoing: atonement 赎罪/补偿
sim: 【近】compensation, correction, rectification, remedy

正面: self-effacing
symbol: [ˌselfɪˈfeɪsɪŋ]
definition: adj. reluctant to draw attention to oneself: retiring 谦虚的/低调的
sim: 【近】humble, modest, meek, unassuming

正面: pertinent
symbol: [ˈpɜːrtnənt]
definition: adj. having a clear decisive relevance to the matter in hand: relevant 相关的/恰当的
sim: 【近】ad rem, applicable, apposite, apropos, germane
zhuji: 【记】 pertain 关于

正面: vestige
symbol: [ˈvestɪdʒ]
definition: n. a trace, mark, or visible sign left by something vanished or lost 痕迹/残余
sim: 【近】memento, relic, trace, remains
zhuji: 【记】 同源于investigate, 调查的就是线索与蛛丝马迹→痕迹；vest + 音：迹，背心 + 痕迹；vest + age<br>总穿背心上了年纪后，会留下(背心带的)痕迹；

正面: pugnacious
symbol: [pʌɡˈneɪʃəs]
definition: adj. having a quarrelsome or combative nature: belligerent 好斗的/喜欢争吵的
sim: 【近】bellicose, combative, contentious, gladiatorial, truculent
ano: 【反】bland, mild, peaceful, dovish

正面: prevaricate
symbol: [prɪˈværɪkeɪt]
definition: v. to deviate from the truth: equivocate 闪烁其词/搪塞/撒谎
sim: 【近】lie, falsify, palter, garble, tergiversate
zhuji: 【记】 pre + vary 预先变化，预先想好变化之词

正面: travesty
symbol: [ˈtrævəsti]
definition: n. a burlesque translation or literary or artistic imitation usually grotesquely incongruous in style, treatment, or subject matter 滑稽(而拙劣)的模仿/歪曲
sim: 【近】caricature, burlesque, parody
zhuji: 【记】 tra = trans 转换 + vest 穿衣，换穿别人衣服 滑稽模仿<br>A contented mind is perpetual feast. 知足常乐。 <br>【另】 parody 滑稽或拙劣的模仿

正面: meticulous
symbol: [məˈtɪkjələs]
definition: adj. marked by extreme care in the treatment of details: careful 极其细致的/一丝不苟的
sim: 【近】heedful, painstaking, punctilious, scrupulous, thorough
zhuji: 【记】 medical 医生，医学的，做医生的都是非常细心的

正面: verbose
symbol: [vɜːrˈboʊs]
definition: adj. containing more words than necessary: wordy　嗦的/冗长的
sim: 【近】diffuse, long-winded, prolix, redundant, windy
ano: 【反】concise, laconic
zhuji: 【记】 verb 词

正面: engender
symbol: [ɪnˈdʒendər]
definition: v. to cause to exist or to develop: produce 产生/造成
sim: 【近】breed, hatch, induce, provoke, arouse
zhuji: 【记】 源自于generate；gender 性别，性，产生；生理上来说性的结果是产生，制造(大自然生物的产生就是由此)<br>【另】 gender 性别，性，产生；

正面: inviolate
symbol: [ɪnˈvaɪələt]
definition: adj. not violated or profaned: pure 未被破坏的/不受侵犯的/神圣的
sim: 【近】sacred, inviolable, sacrosanct, intact

正面: creed
symbol: [kriːd]
definition: n. a set of fundamental beliefs; a guiding principle 信条/信仰

正面: squalid
symbol: [ˈskwɑːlɪd]
definition: adj. marked by filthiness and degradation from neglect or poverty: sordid 肮脏的/污秽的
sim: 【近】dirty, foul, slovenly, dingy, base, ignoble
zhuji: 【记】 源自scale 鱼鳞，scaled 做鱼时刮下的鱼鳞都很脏的；音：刮 + lid盖子，刮盖子，收拾厨房<br>，刮锅盖，刮出很多脏东西；音：死刮鳞的，死蛤蜊的，死锅里的，都是厨房里肮脏的

正面: obdurate
symbol: [ˈɑːbdərət]
definition: adj. stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing: adamant 顽固的/倔强的
sim: 【近】dogged, inexorable, relentless, rigid, uncompromising, unyielding
ano: 【反】relenting, submitting
zhuji: 【记】 ob 不好的 + dure 坚持，耐久<br>Self-control is courage under another form. 自我克制是勇气的另一种形式. <br>【另】 during在.期间， durable 耐久的,duress 强迫， endure 忍耐, indurate 坚硬，obdurate 冷酷无情的, 顽固的，perdure 持久，继续，

正面: prudent
symbol: [ˈpruːdnt]
definition: i.　adj. marked by wisdom or judiciousness: wise 明智的/理性的
ii.　adj. marked by circumspection: discreet 小心的/谨慎的
iii.　adj. provident, frugal 节俭的
sim: 【近】judicious, sane, sapient, sensible, tactical

正面: wry
symbol: [raɪ]
definition: i.　adj. having a bent or twisted shape or condition 扭曲的
ii.　adj. wrongheaded, stubborn 顽固的/固执的
iii.　adj. cleverly and often ironically or grimly humorous: sardonic 讽刺的/挖苦的
iv. v. to twist or writhe 扭曲/歪曲
zhuji: 【记】 音：歪→扭曲；wrong，范了错会有人嘲讽

正面: chary
symbol: [ˈtʃeri]
definition: adj. hesitant and vigilant about dangers and risks: discreetly cautious 谨慎的/小心的
sim: 【近】calculating, circumspect, discreet, guarded, wary
zhuji: 【记】 源自care 小心

正面: malinger
symbol: [məˈlɪŋɡər]
definition: v. to pretend or exaggerate incapacity or illness to avoid duty or work 装病以逃避工作
zhuji: 【记】 mal 坏，恶意 + linger拖延<br>【另】 linger 逗留, 闲荡, 拖延, 游移

正面: lissome
symbol: [ˈlɪsəm]
definition: adj. moving and bending with ease: lithe 柔软的/敏捷的
sim: 【近】flexible, supple, limber, lithesome, nimble

正面: erratic
symbol: [ɪˈrætɪk]
definition: i.　adj. characterized by lack of consistency, regularity or uniformity: arbitrary 不稳定的/不规则的
ii.　adj. deviating from what is ordinary or standard: eccentric 古怪的
sim: 【近】anomalous, bizarre, idiosyncratic, peculiar, queer
ano: 【反】static, fixed, stable, unmoving, stationary
zhuji: 【记】 error； error + rat 老鼠，出了问题的老鼠一般四处乱窜，无确定路线

正面: uncompromising
symbol: [ʌnˈkɑːmprəmaɪzɪŋ]
definition: adj. making no concessions or compromises: inflexible, unyielding 坚定的/不妥协的

正面: commend
symbol: [kəˈmend]
definition: i.　v. to mention with approbation: praise 赞扬
ii.　v. to recommend as worthy of confidence or notice 推荐
sim: 【近】acclaim, applaud, compliment, hail, extol
ano: 【反】censure, chide, admonish, reprehend, reprobate, rebuke, reprimand, reproach
zhuji: 【记】 recommend 推荐，推荐别人是因为赞扬，称赞

正面: spartan
symbol: [ˈspɑːrtn]
definition: adj. marked by simplicity, frugality, or avoidance of luxury and comfort (生活)简朴的
zhuji: 【记】 音：斯巴达，意大利的斯巴达克思率起义军反抗罗马，他坚毅而艰苦；Sparta 斯巴达(古希腊军事重镇) 居民坚毅简朴自律勇敢

正面: efface
symbol: [ɪˈfeɪs]
definition: v. to eliminate or cause to vanish: erase 抹去/消除
sim: 【近】annul, cancel, expunge, obliterate, eradicate, extirpate
zhuji: 【记】 ef (ex 去掉) + face 表面，脸， 从表面去掉，从脸上抹去<br>【另】 surface 表面

正面: provoke
symbol: [prəˈvoʊk]
definition: i.　v. to incite to anger: irritate 激怒
ii.　v. to call forth or bring about a feeling or action: evoke 唤起(感情)/带来
iii.　v. to provide the needed stimulus for: motivate 驱使/激励
sim: 【近】excite, galvanize, innervate, pique
ano: 【反】gratify
zhuji: 【记】 pro前+ vok, 声音，喊，在人前面喊叫，公开叫阵；<br>【另】 convoke (一起召呼)召集，equivoke (两个声音)双关语，含糊措词，evoke(向外召唤)唤起<br>，invoke(内部人员的召唤)调用，恳求，provoke(公开叫阵)激怒，挑拨，revoke(返回召唤)召回，撤回，废除；

正面: resignation
symbol: [ˌrezɪɡˈneɪʃn]
definition: i.　n. the quality or state of being resigned: submissiveness 顺从
ii.　n. an act or instance of giving up something: surrender 投降/放弃(抵抗)/被迫接受
sim: 【近】acquiescence, compliance, conformity, meekness, modesty

正面: irascible
symbol: [ɪˈræsəbl]
definition: adj. marked by hot temper and easily provoked anger: irritable 易怒的/暴躁的
sim: 【近】cantankerous, choleric, ireful, stomachy, testy, touchy
ano: 【反】amiable, complaisant, obliging
zhuji: 【记】 erase 清除，擦除，谁将我的硬盘擦除了，愤怒

正面: inchoate
symbol: [ɪnˈkoʊət]
definition: adj. being only partly in existence or operation: incipient, immature 早期(而不成熟)的/最初的
zhuji: 【记】 inch 英寸，缓慢移动 + ate 吃，一点一点地吃，这是刚开始，吃开了后就大口地吃了；inch(寸)+oat 燕麦 ,燕麦长一寸→刚开始，未长成的

正面: impend
symbol: [ɪmˈpend]
definition: v. to be about to occur: approach 即将发生/临近
sim: 【近】loom, forthcome

正面: alleged
symbol: [əˈledʒd]
definition: adj. questionably true or of a specified kind: supposed, so-called 所谓的/(实际上)不可靠的
sim: 【近】ostensible, pretended, purported
ano: 【反】authentic, bona fide, genuine, veritable

正面: dilemma
symbol: [dɪˈlemə]
definition: n. state of perplexity requiring a choice between equally unfavorable options 进退两难/困境
sim: 【近】catch-22, predicament, bewilderment, perplexity

正面: arduous
symbol: [ˈɑːrdʒuəs]
definition: adj. marked by great labor or effort: strenuous 努力的/费力的
sim: 【近】effortful, labored, laborious, toilsome
zhuji: 【记】 hard 艰苦的，困难的 = h + ard， hard 要死，很难费力

正面: recur
symbol: [rɪˈkɜːr]
definition: i.　v. to occur again after an interval: occur time after time 再次发生
ii.　v. to come up again for consideration 再次想到

正面: affinity
symbol: [əˈfɪnəti]
definition: i.　n. an attraction to or liking for something or someone 吸引力/亲和力
ii.　n. likeness based on relationship or causal connection: resemblance 相似性/联系
sim: 【近】analogy, comparison, semblance, similarity
ano: 【反】antipathy, aversion, repugnance, repulsion
zhuji: 【记】 finite(限，边界) 近于finish，border，两人边界相邻的；af加强 + fine 好上加好，喜上加喜→姻亲<br>【另】 definite（划定边界），infinite（无边，无限），affinite（两边相邻，相近，相接，相似）

正面: squander
symbol: [ˈskwɑːndər]
definition: i.　v. to spend extravagantly or foolishly: dissipate, waste 浪费
ii.　v. to cause to disperse: scatter 驱散/使散开
zhuji: 【记】 音：使光的，使咣当，钱使光了，使没了，钱箱咣当咣当的是空的，挥霍一空

正面: vitiate
symbol: [ˈvɪʃieɪt]
definition: i.　v. to make faulty or defective: impair 损害/破坏
ii.　v. to debase in moral or aesthetic status (使)堕落
iii.　v. to make ineffective: abolish 废除/(使)无效
sim: 【近】abrogate, annihilate, annul, invalidate, negate, nullify
zhuji: 【记】 vital 生命 + ate 吃掉生命；vitamin 维他命，没后面的命，就是不行了，

正面: unimpeachable
symbol: [ˌʌnɪmˈpiːtʃəbl]
definition: adj. reliable beyond a doubt or not liable to accusation: irreproachable 毋庸置疑的/无可指责的
zhuji: 【记】 un 不，impeachable（adj.可控告的；受责备的）：无可置疑的

正面: modest
symbol: [ˈmɑːdɪst]
definition: i.　adj. limited in size, amount, or scope: moderate 适度的/有限的
ii.　adj. not bold or self-assertive: unpretentious 谦虚的
sim: 【近】humble, meek, unassuming, moderate, temperate, retiring
ano: 【反】presumptuous, barefaced, brazen, impudent

正面: tenacious
symbol: [təˈneɪʃəs]
definition: adj. persistent in adhering to or seeking something valued or desired: stalwart 坚定的/顽强的
sim: 【近】dogged, obstinate, pertinacious, resolute, steadfast, persevering
zhuji: 【记】 源自tain, hold 拿着，保持；maintain 坚持，维持；与tenable 相比，有更强的maintain的意思<br>【另】 attain 得到 获得，detain 拘留 延迟 阻止，maintain 维持，维修，obtain 得到，retain 保持 保留<br>，sustain 支撑 维持

正面: puerile
symbol: [ˈpjʊrəl]
definition: adj. displaying or suggesting a lack of maturity: childish 幼稚的/不成熟的
sim: 【近】juvenile, infantile, silly, immature
zhuji: 【记】 pure 纯洁的，幼稚的，小孩子都是纯洁的<br>The more a man learns ,the more he knows his ignorance. 学然后知不足。

正面: inimitable
symbol: [ɪˈnɪmɪtəbl]
definition: adj. not capable of being imitated: matchless 独特的/无与伦比的
zhuji: 【记】 in 不 + imitate 模仿

正面: inclement
symbol: [ɪnˈklemənt]
definition: adj. lacking mildness, especially physically severe: stormy 冷酷无情的/(天气)险恶的
sim: 【近】brutal, intemperate, rigorous, rugged
zhuji: 【记】 in + clement 和蔼的, 仁慈的；in 不好的 + climate 天气，不好的天气

正面: hackneyed
symbol: [ˈhæknid]
definition: adj. lacking in freshness or originality: trite 陈腐的/缺乏新意的
sim: 【近】commonplace, clichéd, antediluvian, antiquated, archaic, obsolete, outmoded
zhuji: 【记】 hack 骇客 + 音:你的(广东话)，对骇客来说，黑你的电脑实在是太陈腐，太平常的小事；hack<br>+ key 骇客能拿到钥匙(密码)很平常

正面: nadir
symbol: [ˈneɪdɪr]
definition: n. the lowest point 最低点
ano: 【反】crest, peak, acme, pinnacle, zenith
zhuji: 【记】 音：挨底，挨地，这个挨读有口音的(nai)<br>【另】 反义词：zenith 最高点

正面: phlegmatic
symbol: [fleɡˈmætɪk]
definition: adj. having or showing a slow and stolid temperament: impassive 冷漠的/冷静的
sim: 【近】apathetic, stoic, stolid, aloof, lethargic
zhuji: 【记】 音：飞来个沫→正在骑车，突然公共汽车上飞来个唾沫，原来是有人吐痰→痰，粘液，粘液质，古心理学的四种体液之一

正面: supposition
symbol: [ˌsʌpəˈzɪʃn]
definition: n. something that is supposed: hypothesis 假想/推测
zhuji: 【记】 suppose

正面: ephemeral
symbol: [ɪˈfemərəl]
definition: adj. lasting a very short time: transient 短暂的
sim: 【近】evanescent, fleeting, fugacious, momentary, transitory, volatile
ano: 【反】perpetual, enduring, eternal, everlasting
zhuji: 【记】 fame 名声，名气；名声是最短暂的，如过眼烟云；female 女人的生命(青春)是短暂的，(nooffence, 也是宝贵的,16-27岁) 珍惜时光啊。

正面: confound
symbol: [kənˈfaʊnd]
definition: i.　v. to throw into confusion or perplexity: confuse 使困惑
ii.　v. to fail to discern differences between: mix up 混淆/无法区分
sim: 【近】puzzle, befog, bewilder, perplex, baffle
zhuji: 【记】 源自found 铸造，熔化倒入模子；混合，销毁 与confuse同源；con + found 一起找→丢了东西找不到，不知放哪了→迷惑

正面: disabuse
symbol: [ˌdɪsəˈbjuːz]
definition: v. to free from error, fallacy, or misconception 使醒悟/更正/解惑
sim: 【近】purge, rectify, liberate, undeceive
zhuji: 【记】 dis+ abuse 滥用,误用→解除错误

正面: caustic
symbol: [ˈkɔːstɪk]
definition: i.　adj. capable of destroying or eating away by chemical action: corrosive 腐蚀性的
ii.　adj. marked by incisive sarcasm: scathing 尖酸的/刻薄的
sim: 【近】acerbic, mordacious, mordant, trenchant, sarcastic
ano: 【反】genial, cordial, gracious, suave, urbane
zhuji: 【记】 音：刻蚀，刻蚀地刻，能在地上腐蚀刻的；音：考试题，(GRE)考试的问题, 非常尖刻，尖酸<br>，刻薄；(化学用品上常见) Caution! 警告，小心！有巨腐蚀性，远离小孩与眼睛！引申为尖刻挖苦<br>Brevity is the soul of wit. 思维以简洁为贵。

正面: laud
symbol: [lɔːd]
definition: v. to praise or extol 赞扬
sim: 【近】celebrate, eulogize, extol, hymn, magnify, panegyrize
ano: 【反】revile, condemn, curse, execrate, objurgate

正面: gratis
symbol: [ˈɡrætɪs]
definition: adj. without charge or recompense: free, gratuitous 免费的/无偿的

正面: enmity
symbol: [ˈenməti]
definition: n. positive, active, and typically mutual hatred or ill will 敌意/仇恨
sim: 【近】animosity, antagonism, antipathy, hostility, rancor
ano: 【反】amity, amicability, cordiality, comity, empathy
zhuji: 【记】 enemy；<br>【另】 animus 敌意，animosity 憎恶，amity 友好, 亲善关系

正面: disparage
symbol: [dɪˈspærɪdʒ]
definition: v. to lower or depreciate in rank or reputation: degrade 蔑视/贬低
sim: 【近】decry, abuse, belittle, depreciate, derogate, detract, minimize
ano: 【反】applaud, acclaim, approbate
zhuji: 【记】 dis 否定 + paragon 模范, 否定模范人物→ (当模范不易啊，经常受人白眼,)蔑视, 贬损

正面: conversant
symbol: [kənˈvɜːrsnt]
definition: adj. having knowledge or experience: familiar 熟悉的/精通的
sim: 【近】abreast, acquainted, au courant, au fait, informed, versed
zhuji: 【记】 verse 诗文，熟练；convers 对话 + sant 音：赞叹，对话中赞叹人家这么内行与熟悉；university大学就是让人熟练精通的地方<br>【另】 conversation 一起用诗文→对话

正面: taciturn
symbol: [ˈtæsɪtɜːrn]
definition: adj. temperamentally disinclined to talk: silent 少言寡语的/沉默的
sim: 【近】reserved, reticent, laconic, dour
ano: 【反】garrulous, chatty, loquacious, unrestrained
zhuji: 【记】 tacit沉默，不说话 + turn变得→变得沉默寡言

正面: supercilious
symbol: [ˌsuːpərˈsɪliəs]
definition: i.　adj. coolly and patronizingly haughty: arrogant 傲慢的
ii.　adj. expressive of contempt: contemptuous 鄙视的/嘲讽的
sim: 【近】scornful, derisive, disdainful, sneering
ano: 【反】humble, deferential, submissive, obsequious, subservient
zhuji: 【记】 super 上 + cilia 睫, 纤毛，眼睛向上<br>【另】 conciliate 安慰 (眼睫毛很柔和)，cilia 睫, 纤毛 <br>superciliousness n.傲慢 <br>【记】 supercilious + ness

正面: interpolate
symbol: [ɪnˈtɜːrpəleɪt]
definition: i.　v. to alter or corrupt by inserting new or foreign matter 篡改
ii.　v. to insert between other things or parts: intercalate 加入/增添

正面: empirical
symbol: [ɪmˈpɪrɪkl]
definition: adj. relying on observation and experimentation often without due regard for system and theory 实证主义的/基于观察和实验的
sim: 【近】experimental, observational, factual
ano: 【反】conjectural, theoretical

正面: deride
symbol: [dɪˈraɪd]
definition: v. to laugh at contemptuously: ridicule 嘲讽/取笑
sim: 【近】lout, mock, scout, taunt
zhuji: 【记】 源自ridicule 嘲笑；de 反 + ride 骑，反过来骑，张果老倒骑驴受嘲笑<br>【另】 ridiculous 荒谬可笑的

正面: stoic
symbol: [ˈstoʊɪk]
definition: adj. not affected by or showing passion or feeling: impassive 不受感情影响的/克制的
sim: 【近】apathetic, phlegmatic, stolid, detached, resigned
zhuji: 【记】 斯多葛派是古希腊哲学的一派，为芝诺约于公元前380年创立，认为人不应为情感所动，应把各种事情当作神意或自然法则的不可避免的结果来坦然接受；stock 树干，象树桩子一样生活，没有情感与欲望， 不受喜怒哀乐的影响

正面: intricate
symbol: [ˈɪntrɪkət]
definition: adj. having many complexly interrelating parts or elements: complicated 复杂的/缠绕的
sim: 【近】complex, byzantine, elaborate, involved, knotty, labyrinthine, sophisticated

正面: quotidian
symbol: [kwoʊˈtɪdiən]
definition: adj. occurring every day: commonplace, ordinary 普通的/平凡的
sim: 【近】everyday, routine, plain
zhuji: 【记】 音：过一天，过每一天

正面: mercurial
symbol: [mɜːrˈkjʊriəl]
definition: adj. characterized by rapid and unpredictable changeableness of mood (情绪)多变的/反复无常的
sim: 【近】inconstant, capricious, fickle, lubricious, temperamental, volatile
zhuji: 【记】 源自mercury 水银；merc-商业 + cure 药，治愈，商场上的万灵药是银子→水银

正面: antiquated
symbol: [ˈæntɪkweɪtɪd]
definition: adj. outmoded or discredited by reason of age: old 过时的/古老的
sim: 【近】antique, archaic, outmoded, passé
zhuji: 【记】 antique 古董的 + ed<br>【另】 antiquity(古老,古代)

正面: differentiate
symbol: [ˌdɪfəˈrenʃieɪt]
definition: v. to express the specific distinguishing quality of: discriminate 区分/辨别
sim: 【近】discern, distinguish, separate
ano: 【反】confuse, confound, mistake

正面: abjure
symbol: [əbˈdʒʊr]
definition: i.　v. to renounce upon oath or to reject solemnly (发誓或宣布)放弃
ii.　v. to abstain from: avoid 避免
sim: 【近】forswear, recant, retract, withdraw
zhuji: 【记】 ab不+jure 发誓→发誓不要→弃绝；jury 陪审团<br>【另】 abjure 发誓放弃, adjure 起誓, 恳请, conjure 施魔法召唤,jury 陪审团,objurgate 怒吵，告上法庭,perjure 发伪誓

正面: philistine
symbol: [ˈfɪlɪstiːn]
definition: i.　adj. guided by materialism and is disdainful of intellectual values: uncultured 粗俗的/没文化的
ii.　n. one uninformed in a special area of knowledge 外行
zhuji: 【记】 abstinence 是节制, 节欲, 戒酒，phili 爱 + stine 欲望，酒→爱物质享受的，庸人

正面: banish
symbol: [ˈbænɪʃ]
definition: v. to drive out or remove from a place of usual resort or continuance: dispel 驱逐/流放
sim: 【近】eject, deport, displace, exile, expatriate, expulse
zhuji: 【记】 ban 流放，驱逐；从眼前消失vanish；一流放竟流到spanish去了

正面: acquisitive
symbol: [əˈkwɪzətɪv]
definition: adj. strongly desirous of acquiring and possessing: covetous 贪婪的
sim: 【近】avid, greedy, avaricious, grasping
ano: 【反】abnegating, self-denying, eschewing, forbearing
zhuji: 【记】 总想acquisition

正面: saturnine
symbol: [ˈsætərnaɪn]
definition: adj. of a gloomy or surly disposition: sullen 忧郁的/阴沉的
sim: 【近】dour, glum, melancholy, morose, surly
ano: 【反】joyful, lighthearted, blithe, jocund, jovial
zhuji: 【记】 Saturn 土星，星象学认为人的生日对应着星座，土星性格是忧郁的，因为土不象火那么热情；Saturday night 周六晚上狂欢，为排解忧郁；sun turn night 太阳变成晚上，阴沉；讥讽之意近于<br>sardonic，发音也类似

正面: ethereal
symbol: [iˈθɪriəl]
definition: i.　adj. lacking material substance: immaterial, intangible 轻飘的/虚无缥缈的
ii.　adj. unworldly, spiritual 非世俗的/精神的
sim: 【近】celestial, unsubstantial, gossamer, delicate
zhuji: 【记】 ether 以太，宇宙太空中的一种无所不在的元素或传播媒介，是没有质量的<br>【另】 ethernet 以太网，互联网

正面: ancillary
symbol: [ˈænsəleri]
definition: adj. furnishing added support: auxiliary 辅助的/从属的
sim: 【近】additional, subordinate, subsidiary, supplementary, collateral
zhuji: 【记】 同auxiliary 辅助的, 补助的

正面: veneer
symbol: [vəˈnɪr]
definition: i.　n. a superficial or deceptively attractive appearance, display, or effect: gloss 外表/虚饰
ii.　v. to conceal, as a defect, under a superficial and deceptive attractiveness 掩饰/虚饰
sim: 【近】palliate, gloss over, sugarcoat, varnish
zhuji: 【记】 要想受人venerate，决不能veneer；音：握捏，捏成薄板；engineer 决不能偷工减料，比如将一层好的面板镶在劣质东西上

正面: expansive
symbol: [ɪkˈspænsɪv]
definition: i.　adj. characterized by high spirits, generosity, or readiness to talk: open 健谈的/豪爽的
ii.　adj. marked by exaggerated euphoria and delusions of self-importance 自大的/夸大的
iii.　adj. having a great expanse or extent: sizable, extensive 广阔的/扩张的
sim: 【近】demonstrative, extroverted, gregarious, effusive, gushy
ano: 【反】constrained, reserved, reticent, taciturn
zhuji: 【记】 expand 扩大,指开放豪爽

正面: savvy
symbol: [ˈsævi]
definition: n. the cognitive condition of someone who understands: practical know-how 悟性/理解能力
zhuji: 【记】 看着象saw + y, saw是see的过去式，有明白的意思(如 I see)

正面: affectation
symbol: [ˌæfekˈteɪʃn]
definition: n. an attitude not natural to oneself or not genuinely felt: artificiality 做作/假装
sim: 【近】mannerism, ostentation, pretentiousness
zhuji: 【记】 affect + 音：忒甚，太过做作<br>【另】 区别于affection 亲情，affectation 看成 affect + 音：太甚，affection 中间多个ta 太，感情太过了就虚假了

正面: sanction
symbol: [ˈsæŋkʃn]
definition: i.　n. explicit or official approval, permission, or ratification: approbation 许可/支持
ii.　n. pl. an coercive measure for forcing a nation to desist or yield to adjudication 制裁
iii.　v. to give effective or authoritative approval or consent to: approve 批准/许可
sim: 【近】endorsement, fiat, consent, ratification
ano: 【反】interdiction, debarment, prohibition, disapprobation
zhuji: 【记】 音：圣神，尊崇某个神圣就是教会机构对其认可，并下达法令批准；音：三审，三审通过立法，决议，法律一般都需三审通过<br>【另】 sanctify 神圣化，认可；

正面: querulous
symbol: [ˈkwerələs]
definition: adj. habitually complaining or irritable 易怒的/喜欢抱怨的
sim: 【近】irascible, fractious, peevish, petulant
zhuji: 【记】 query 质问，疑问 + rule 制度，总是质问制度不公→抱怨，牢骚

正面: relegate
symbol: [ˈrelɪɡeɪt]
definition: i.　v. to send into exile: banish 流放/放逐
ii.　v. to assign to a place of insignificance or of oblivion: downgrade 降级/指派(到更低的职位)
sim: 【近】deport, exile, expatriate, expel, expulse, ostracize

正面: brazen
symbol: [ˈbreɪzn]
definition: adj. marked by contemptuous boldness: insolent 无礼的/厚脸皮的
sim: 【近】audacious, barefaced, bold, contumelious, impertinent
zhuji: 【记】 z=s；脸象黄铜一样厚，硬

正面: percipient
symbol: [pərˈsɪpiənt]
definition: adj. capable of or characterized by perception: discerning 敏锐的/有洞察力的
sim: 【近】insightful, keen, perceptive, observant, shrewd

正面: egoism
symbol: [ˈeɡoʊɪzəm]
definition: n. a doctrine that individual self-interest is the actual motive of all conscious action 自我主义

正面: ambivalence
symbol: [æmˈbɪvələns]
definition: n. simultaneous and contradictory attitudes or feelings 矛盾心理/举棋不定

正面: desecrate
symbol: [ˈdesɪkreɪt]
definition: v. to treat disrespectfully, irreverently, or outrageously: profane 亵渎/玷污
sim: 【近】ravage, depredate, devastate, devour, pillage, violate
zhuji: 【记】 源自sacred 神圣，神的，宗教， de 否定 + secret 神秘 神圣， 否定神圣→亵渎, 污辱<br>【另】 consecrate 使神圣

正面: minatory
symbol: [ˈmɪnətɔːri]
definition: adj. having a menacing quality: threatening 恐吓的/威胁的
zhuji: 【记】 menace 威胁；minority 少数人是最有威胁的，财富与权力，甚至真理也掌握在少数人手中；mine + territory 我的地盘，谁也不准进来→威胁；monitor 监控并威胁<br>【另】 mandatory 命令的, 强制的, 托管的， monitory 训诫的，告戒书

正面: solvent
symbol: [ˈsɑːlvənt]
definition: i.　adj. able to pay all legal debts 有支付/偿还能力的
ii.　adj. that dissolves or can dissolve 可以(被)溶解的
zhuji: 【记】 solve 能够解决这个问题的

正面: discourse
symbol: [ˈdɪskɔːrs]
definition: i.　n. verbal interchange of ideas: conversation 对话/交流
ii.　n. connected speech or writing 演讲/文章

正面: blandish
symbol: [ˈblændɪʃ]
definition: v. to act or speak in a flattering or coaxing manner: cajole (奉承/讨好以)哄骗
sim: 【近】coax, flatter, beguile, charm
ano: 【反】threaten

正面: moribund
symbol: [ˈmɔːrɪbʌnd]
definition: adj. being in the state of dying or inactivity 垂死的/濒临破灭的
sim: 【近】expiring, decadent, deteriorating, regressing
ano: 【反】booming, flourishing, prospering, thriving, viable
zhuji: 【记】 音：末日 + bound 肯定会，开往；末日肯定会来的；be bound to 一定会

正面: perfunctory
symbol: [pərˈfʌŋktəri]
definition: . adj. done quickly, without taking care or interest: cursory 草率的/敷衍的/不细致的
sim: 【近】casual, insensible, insouciant, nonchalant, indifferent, pococurante
ano: 【反】cordial, genial, hearty
zhuji: 【记】 per 不好的，音：破 + function 功能，运行→不好好干，或功能很破

正面: rankle
symbol: [ˈræŋkl]
definition: v. to cause anger, irritation, or deep bitterness: vex 激怒/使痛苦
sim: 【近】fester, fret, irk, aggravate, exasperate, irritate, plague, torment
zhuji: 【记】 rang 嚷 + anger 愤怒地嚷；音：怨抠，怨你太抠，这么辛苦干活才给这么点钱<br>【另】 rancor 怨恨

正面: impertinent
symbol: [ɪmˈpɜːrtnənt]
definition: i.　adj. given to or characterized by insolent rudeness 粗鲁的/无礼的
ii.　adj. not pertinent: irrelevant 不相关的/不合适的
sim: 【近】extraneous, foreign, inapplicable, inapposite
zhuji: 【记】 源自pertain<br>【另】 pertain 适合, 恰当，有关，属于

正面: fervent
symbol: [ˈfɜːrvənt]
definition: adj. exhibiting or marked by great intensity of feeling: zealous 热情的/热烈的
sim: 【近】impassioned, ardent, fervid, perfervid
zhuji: 【记】 fever 发烧

正面: proscribe
symbol: [proʊˈskraɪb]
definition: v. to condemn or forbid as harmful or unlawful: prohibit 禁止
sim: 【近】ban, bar, exclude, veto
ano: 【反】sanction, approve, approbate, endorse
zhuji: 【记】 pro前 + scribe 提前写出来，将丑话说在前面→禁止 <br>【另】 prescribe 指示, 规定, 开处方

正面: timorous
symbol: [ˈtɪmərəs]
definition: adj. of a timid disposition: fearful 胆小的
zhuji: 【记】 tim- 胆小，在time时间面前，人人都是胆小者，害怕时光流逝，再有钱有权也害怕，秦始皇活着时不可一世，还想长生不老，最后也难逃时间的手掌<br>【另】 timid 胆怯的

正面: refractory
symbol: [rɪˈfræktəri]
definition: adj. resisting control or authority: obstinate 倔强的/难驾驭的
sim: 【近】headstrong, intractable, mulish, perverse, unyielding
ano: 【反】malleable, supple, pliable, ductile
zhuji: 【记】 re 重新 + factory 工厂，重新进工厂返工，太顽固了，没有制造好；re反复 + fracture 破裂,骨折<br>，反复骨折,来回撞→难以驾驭

正面: discomfit
symbol: [dɪsˈkʌmfɪt]
definition: i.　v. to frustrate the plans of: thwart 挫败/阻碍
ii.　v. to put into a state of perplexity and embarrassment: disconcert 使困惑/使为难
sim: 【近】embarrass, abash, confound, rattle
zhuji: 【记】 comfort 舒服，舒适；dis + comfort 使不舒服困惑尴尬

正面: perturb
symbol: [pərˈtɜːrb]
definition: i.　v. to disturb greatly in mind: disquiet 使烦扰/使不安
ii.　v. to throw into confusion: disorder 打乱/使混乱
sim: 【近】agitate, discombobulate, dismay
ano: 【反】compose, settle
zhuji: 【记】 disturb，turb是打扰的字根

正面: veracity
symbol: [vəˈræsəti]
definition: n. conformity with truth or fact: accuracy 精确性/真实性
sim: 【近】veridicality, verity, factualness
ano: 【反】equivocation, deception, insincerity

正面: ribald
symbol: [ˈrɪbld]
definition: adj. humorously vulgar: crude, offensive 下流的/粗俗的
zhuji: 【记】 rib 肋骨 + bald 光秃，一掀衣服露出肋骨→露体→下流；rib 玩笑 + bald bold 开枯燥无聊的玩笑

正面: ostentatious
symbol: [ˌɑːstenˈteɪʃəs]
definition: adj. marked by conspicuous, vainglorious and pretentious display: showy 炫耀的/招摇的
sim: 【近】flamboyant, orchidaceous, swank
zhuji: 【记】 os 偶是 + pretentious 炫耀，自命不凡的，偶是为了炫耀；os 偶是 + attention 偶是为了吸引别人注意；<br>【另】 stentorian 声音洪亮的

正面: sagacious
symbol: [səˈɡeɪʃəs]
definition: adj. of keen and farsighted penetration and judgment: discerning 睿智的/有远见的
sim: 【近】insightful, perceptive, shrewd, judicious, astute

正面: haughty
symbol: [ˈhɔːti]
definition: adj. blatantly and disdainfully proud: arrogant 傲慢的
sim: 【近】conceited, overbearing, supercilious, superior

正面: impregnable
symbol: [ɪmˈpreɡnəbl]
definition: adj. incapable of being taken by assault: unconquerable, unassailable 不受影响的/坚固的
sim: 【近】invincible, indomitable, inexpugnable, undefeatable

正面: alleviate
symbol: [əˈliːvieɪt]
definition: v. to make more bearable: relieve 减轻/缓和
sim: 【近】allay, assuage, ease, lighten, lessen, mitigate, mollify
ano: 【反】aggravate; augment, heighten, intensify
zhuji: 【记】 ie=e，live=lev 同relieve 减轻, 解除, 援救<br>【另】 elevate 举起, 提升，levitate 升空，浮起，levity 轻浮, 多变

正面: mundane
symbol: [mʌnˈdeɪn]
definition: adj. characterized by the practical, transitory, and ordinary: commonplace 日常的/世俗的
sim: 【近】earthly, worldly, profane, secular, temporal
zhuji: 【记】 modern 现代的，时髦的；也就是现世的，世俗的；Monday 周末刚过两天神仙日子，每星期一又要开始世俗生活

正面: tenuous
symbol: [ˈtenjuəs]
definition: i.　adj. having little substance or strength: flimsy, weak 脆弱的/(想法/证据等)不明确的
ii.　adj. not dense: rare 稀薄的
zhuji: 【记】 近于thin；与tend, tain同源，细，薄，可理解为拉，延伸后变薄变细；音：太扭，扭东西(橡皮筋)扭得太厉害，直到变得细薄；音：牛，十头牛去拉，拉得绳子越来越长，都成又细又薄了；

正面: bemoan
symbol: [bɪˈmoʊn]
definition: v. to express deep grief or distress over: deplore 哀悼/对…表达惋惜
sim: 【近】bewail, grieve, lament, moan, weep
ano: 【反】exult, applaud, jubilate, rejoice

正面: capacious
symbol: [kəˈpeɪʃəs]
definition: adj. capable of containing a great deal: spacious 宽敞的/广阔的
sim: 【近】ample, commodious, roomy
ano: 【反】exiguous, cramped, confined

正面: novel
symbol: [ˈnɑːvl]
definition: adj. new and not resembling something formerly known or used 新颖的/新奇的
sim: 【近】modernistic, neoteric, newfangled
ano: 【反】customary, habitual, commonplace, routine

正面: privation
symbol: [praɪˈveɪʃn]
definition: n. lack of what is needed for existence: deprivation, poverty 贫穷/匮乏
sim: 【近】dispossession, divestiture, destitution, indigence, penury
zhuji: 【记】 deprive 剥夺, 使丧失；private 私人的，私人财产被剥夺

正面: inscrutable
symbol: [ɪnˈskruːtəbl]
definition: adj. not readily investigated, interpreted, or understood: mysterious 神秘的/难懂的
sim: 【近】arcane, cabalistic, impenetrable, numinous

正面: exhilarate
symbol: [ɪɡˈzɪləreɪt]
definition: v. to make cheerful and excited: delight 使高兴/使振奋
sim: 【近】elate, commove, stimulate, animate, invigorate, vitalize
zhuji: 【记】 ex + hilarious 高兴的，hilar 拼音：嗨啦，高兴的呼喊声

正面: discursive
symbol: [dɪsˈkɜːrsɪv]
definition: adj. moving from topic to topic without order: rambling 离题的/散漫的
sim: 【近】digressive, excursive
zhuji: 【记】 dis不好 + curs(跑)→不好的跑→乱跑→散漫的<br>【另】 cursive 草书，草写的

正面: ineluctable
symbol: [ˌɪnɪˈlʌktəbl]
definition: adj. not to be avoided, changed, or resisted: inevitable 不可避免的/必然的
sim: 【近】ineludible, inescapable, inevasible, unavoidable
zhuji: 【记】 同inevitable；in 否定 + reluctate 不愿意，勉强；不愿意也不行→逃不了的<br>【另】 reluctant 不顾的, 勉强的, 难得到的, 难处理的

正面: ebullient
symbol: [ɪˈbʌliənt]
definition: adj. having or showing liveliness and enthusiasm: boiling 热情的/热闹的
sim: 【近】exuberant, brash, effervescent, vivacious
ano: 【反】languid, indolent, lethargic
zhuji: 【记】 源自boiling 沸腾的，激昂的；bull 公牛，象斗牛场的公牛一样亢奋

正面: impalpable
symbol: [ɪmˈpælpəbl]
definition: i.　adj. incapable of being felt by touch: intangible 无法感知的/无形的
ii.　adj. not readily discerned by the mind 难以理解的
sim: 【近】imperceptible, imponderable, indiscernible, insensible

正面: objurgation
symbol: [ˌəbdʒɜːrˈgeɪʃən]
definition: n. a harsh rebuke: censure 严厉的批评
sim: 【近】execration, anathematization, curse, castigation

正面: categorical
symbol: [ˌkætəˈɡɔːrɪkl]
definition: adj. not modified or restricted by reservations: absolute, unqualified 绝对的/无条件的
ano: 【反】conjectural, hypothetical, supposititious, conditional, contingent
zhuji: 【记】 category 分类是绝对的

正面: collude
symbol: [kəˈluːd]
definition: v. to join in a secret agreement to do an unlawful or wrongful act: conspire 串通/勾结
sim: 【近】plot, cogitate, connive, contrive
zhuji: 【记】 lud - play 提起 perception ，演奏<br>【另】 allude 间接提到 暗指，collude(共谋，勾结 conspire, plot)，delude（欺骗 deceive,<br>trick），elude（躲避 escape the perception, understanding），interlude 两段之间的时间，prelude 前奏<br>，postlude 终曲

正面: pine
symbol: [paɪn]
definition: i.　v. to lose vigor, health, or flesh: languish 憔悴/痛苦
ii.　v. to intensely yearn for something unattainable: long 渴望(得不到的东西)
sim: 【近】ache, crave, hanker, suspire
zhuji: 【记】 近于pain punish；pin 针，松树长有针状叶；音：盼，盼依盼得人憔悴

正面: taxing
symbol: [ˈtæksɪŋ]
definition: adj. involving, imposing, or constituting a burden: onerous, wearing (负担)沉重的/费力的
sim: 【近】burdensome, exacting, exigent, oppressive
zhuji: 【记】 tax 税收很重

正面: intractable
symbol: [ɪnˈtræktəbl]
definition: adj. not easily governed, managed, or directed: unruly 倔强的/难以管束的
sim: 【近】fractious, indomitable, recalcitrant
ano: 【反】docile, obedient, compliant, submissive

正面: precursor
symbol: [priːˈkɜːrsər]
definition: n. one that precedes and indicates the approach of another: predecessor 先驱
sim: 【近】antecedent, forerunner, harbinger, herald
zhuji: 【记】 pre + cursor 跑，跑在前面的人<br>【另】 forerunner 先驱(者), 传令官，predecessor 前辈, 前任

正面: appropriate v.
symbol: [əˈproʊprieɪt]
definition: i.　v. to take exclusive possession of: annex 独自占有/专用
ii.　v. to take or make use of without authority or right: embezzle 挪用/盗用
iii.　adj. especially suitable or compatible: fitting 合适的/恰当的
sim: 【近】apt, befitting, felicitous, apposite, germane, pertinent
zhuji: 【记】 ap + property 财产, 所有物, 所有权→占有，将拨款占为已有；ap加强 + proper 适当的，合适的<br>A picture is worth a thousand words. 一张图片胜过千言万语。 <br>【另】 property(财产, 所有物), expropriate(没收, 剥夺)

正面: flush
symbol: [flʌʃ]
definition: i.　n. a sudden increase or expansion (突然的)增加/扩张
ii.　adj. of a ruddy healthy color or full of life and vigor: lusty (面色)红润的/健康而有活力的
iii.　adj. having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value: affluent 富裕的/丰富的
iv. v. to cleanse or wash out with or as if with a rush of liquid (冲洗以)清理
sim: 【近】ruddy, glowing, rubicund, sanguine
zhuji: 【记】 flow flu 流 + sh 湿，水，或者sh__ →上厕所冲水→冲；上厕所使劲时憋的脸红<br>In prosperity think of adversity. 居安思危。 <br>【另】 blush 脸红，拼音: 不 + lush相同音的中文→便秘憋的也会导致→脸红

正面: broadside
symbol: [ˈbrɔːdsaɪd]
definition: n. a volley of abuse or denunciation: barrage (连续性的)猛烈抨击
sim: 【近】burst, cannonade, diatribe, salvo, tirade, volley

正面: inured
symbol: [ɪˈnjʊr]
definition: adj. accustomed to accept something undesirable 习惯于(不好事物)的
sim: 【近】familiarized, habituated, wonted

正面: constraint
symbol: [kənˈstreɪnt]
definition: n. a constraining condition, agency, or force: check 约束条件/限制
sim: 【近】restriction, circumscription, confinement, cramp, restraint

正面: immutable
symbol: [ɪˈmjuːtəbl]
definition: adj. not capable of or susceptible to change: inflexible 不变的
sim: 【近】inalterable, unalterable, unmodifiable
ano: 【反】variable, fluctuating, mutable
zhuji: 【记】 im 不 + mutable易变的

正面: attest
symbol: [əˈtest]
definition: v. to be proof of: manifest, testify 证实/证明
sim: 【近】certify, corroborate, substantiate, verify, sustain, uphold, warrant
ano: 【反】confute, controvert, refute, gainsay
zhuji: 【记】 at肯定 + 测试； 用测试,实验来肯定地证实<br>【另】 testify 证明, 作证，testament 遗嘱<br>Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。

正面: droll
symbol: [droʊl]
definition: adj. having a humorous, whimsical, or odd quality: absurd (古怪而)滑稽的/可笑的
sim: 【近】farcical, ludicrous, ridiculous, preposterous
zhuji: 【记】 joke roll 打滚，笑得打滚；drop roll 倒下打滚；<br>【另】 jolly 欢乐高兴的

正面: cosmopolitan
symbol: [ˌkɑːzməˈpɑːlɪtən]
definition: adj. having worldwide rather than provincial scope: universal 普遍的/世界性的/广阔的
sim: 【近】catholic, cosmic, ecumenical, planetary, pluralistic
ano: 【反】insular, parochial, provincial

正面: peevish
symbol: [ˈpiːvɪʃ]
definition: adj. marked by ill temper or querulous in temperament or mood: fretful 易怒的/暴躁的
sim: 【近】irritable, fractious, fretful, petulant, querulous

正面: embryonic
symbol: [ˌembriˈɑːnɪk]
definition: adj. being in an early stage of development: incipient (像胚胎一样)初期的/未成熟的
sim: 【近】budding, nascent, sprouting, emergent

正面: incandescent
symbol: [ˌɪnkænˈdesnt]
definition: i.　adj. strikingly bright, radiant, or clear: refulgent 发光的/明亮的
ii.　adj. characterized by glowing zeal: ardent 热情的/热烈的
sim: 【近】beaming, effulgent, luminous, radiant
zhuji: 【记】 candle 蜡烛，蜡烛发的光是白热的

正面: autocratic
symbol: [ˌɔːtəˈkrætɪk]
definition: adj. of, relating to, or being an autocracy: absolute, despotic 专制的/独裁的
sim: 【近】arbitrary, autarchic, monocratic, tyrannical
ano: 【反】deferential, submissive, yielding, forbearing, lenient

正面: genteel
symbol: [dʒenˈtiːl]
definition: adj. elegant or graceful in manner; free from vulgarity or rudeness: polite 有教养的/文雅的
sim: 【近】cultivated, cultured, polished, refined, urbane
ano: 【反】coarse, crude, discourteous, uncouth, vulgar
zhuji: 【记】 gentle 温和<br>【另】 gentleman 先生

正面: rarefy
symbol: [ˈreərɪˌfaɪ]
definition: v. to make rare, thin, porous, or less dense: attenuate 使稀薄/使纤细
zhuji: 【记】 rare + fy使

正面: heterogeneous
symbol: [ˌhetərəˈdʒiːniəs]
definition: adj. consisting of dissimilar or diverse ingredients or constituents: mixed 混杂的/多样的
sim: 【近】miscellaneous, assorted, conglomerate, motley
ano: 【反】homogeneous, uniform, monolithic

正面: affable
symbol: [ˈæfəbl]
definition: adj. characterized by ease and friendliness: gracious 和蔼的/友善的
sim: 【近】congenial, cordial, genial, sociable
ano: 【反】reserved, taciturn, reticent, withdrawn
zhuji: 【记】 af + fable 寓言，说，愿意和他说话的；和蔼可亲的总是用寓言与故事讲道理<br>【另】 affable 和蔼可亲的，易于交谈的，confabulate 交谈, fable 寓言，ineffable 不能说的，避讳的，

正面: perspicacious
symbol: [ˌpɜːrspɪˈkeɪʃəs]
definition: adj. of acute mental vision or discernment: keen, shrewd 敏锐的/有洞察力的
sim: 【近】astute, cagey, sagacious
zhuji: 【记】 per 透过,通过 + spic spect 看,能透过表面看其本质的→敏锐；与perspicuous相比，结尾是ca，音：才，有才气的人独具慧眼，指人<br>The best hearts are always the bravest. 心灵最好的人往往是最勇敢的人。 <br>【另】 conspicuous 显著的，despicable 可鄙的, 卑劣的，perspicacious 敏悦颖悟的，suspicious 可疑的, transpicuous 透明的, 明白易懂的

正面: adduce
symbol: [əˈduːs]
definition: v. to offer as example, reason, or proof in discussion or analysis 引证/提出(以供讨论)
sim: 【近】allege, cite, offer, tender

正面: monotonous
symbol: [məˈnɑːtənəs]
definition: adj. tediously uniform or unvarying: dull 单调的/乏味的
sim: 【近】dreary, humdrum, pedestrian
zhuji: 【记】 mono + tone

正面: dissolution
symbol: [ˌdɪsəˈluːʃn]
definition: i.　n. termination or destruction by breaking down or disrupting: decay 终止/解除/取消
ii.　n. death, decease 死亡
sim: 【近】disunion, division, divorce, disintegration, partition, rupture

正面: conjecture
symbol: [kənˈdʒektʃər]
definition: n. a conclusion deduced by surmise or guesswork 推测/猜想
sim: 【近】theory, speculation, supposition
zhuji: 【记】 con + ject(推,扔)→一起推出来→综合到一起推测出来的；project 方案，是推测出来的<br>【另】 abject 可怜的，deject 使沮丧，eject 逐出 喷射，inject 注射 注入，interject 插嘴, 突然插入<br>，object 物体 反对，project 发射 放映 工程，reject 拒绝，subject 主题，traject 传导

正面: tangential
symbol: [tænˈdʒenʃl]
definition: adj. of little relevance: divergent, digressive 离题的/不相关的

正面: innocuous
symbol: [ɪˈnɑːkjuəs]
definition: i.　adj. producing no injury or giving no offense: harmless, inoffensive 无害的/不冒犯的
ii.　adj. not likely to arouse strong feelings: insipid 单调的/乏味的
sim: 【近】banal, bland, inane, jejune
ano: 【反】pernicious, injurious, troublesome
zhuji: 【记】 in 无 + noc- 坏的，毒的；innoxious 无害，无毒的<br>【另】 nocent 有害的, noxious 有害的，有毒的，innoxious 无害，无毒的, obnoxious 不愉快的, 讨厌的

正面: hubris
symbol: [ˈhjuːbrɪs]
definition: n. exaggerated pride or self-confidence: arrogance 傲慢/狂妄
sim: 【近】conceit, arrogance
zhuji: 【记】 hub + rise 中心升起，以自我为中心；husband丈夫，大丈夫的大男子态度 + rise，丈夫升起→升到家庭最高地位→过分自傲；

正面: dolorous
symbol: [ˈdoʊlərəs]
definition: adj. causing, marked by, or expressing misery or grief: melancholy 悲伤的/忧郁的
sim: 【近】doleful, lamentable, lugubrious, mournful, plaintive, rueful, woeful
zhuji: 【记】 来自dole；condole 同情 是 con 同 + 悲伤，同悲，同情；dollar令人悲哀

正面: perquisite
symbol: [ˈpɜːrkwɪzɪt]
definition: n. a privilege, gain, or profit incidental to regular salary or wages 特权/额外补贴
zhuji: 【记】 per 通过 + quisit quest 要求，通过要求要来的<br>【另】 requisite 需要的, 必不可少的

正面: provident
symbol: [ˈprɑːvɪdənt]
definition: i.　adj. making provision for the future: prudent 考虑未来的/做长远打算的
ii.　adj. frugal, saving 节俭的
sim: 【近】sparing, economical, thrifty
zhuji: 【记】 指providing for future needs 为将来考虑，节俭；<br>【另】 provender 草料→准备好粮食等供给，储备

正面: plucky
symbol: [ˈplʌki]
definition: adj. marked by courage and determination: spirited 勇敢的/坚决的
sim: 【近】bold, courageous, dauntless, doughty, gutsy
ano: 【反】timid, timorous, diffident, coy

正面: acumen
symbol: [ˈækjəmən]
definition: n. keenness and depth of perception, discernment, or discrimination 敏锐/洞察力
sim: 【近】wit, astuteness, discrimination, penetration, perspicacity
ano: 【反】obtuseness
zhuji: 【记】 acu 尖端 + men 人→尖锐，敏锐的人

正面: verdant
symbol: [ˈvɜːrdnt]
definition: i.　adj. unripe in experience or judgment: inexperienced 不成熟的/缺乏经验的
ii.　adj. green in tint or color 青绿色的
zhuji: 【记】 garden 里到处verdant

正面: abstemious
symbol: [əbˈstiːmiəs]
definition: adj. marked by restraint in the consumption of food or alcohol: self-denying 节制的/有度的
sim: 【近】abstentious, abstinent, continent, sober, temperate
zhuji: 【记】 stem 茎，堵住，将食管堵住，节制食欲；ab不 + stem 植物，蔬菜的茎→不吃菜，节食

正面: obtuse
symbol: [əbˈtuːs]
definition: i.　adj. not pointed or acute: blunt 钝的/不锋利的
ii.　adj. lacking sharpness or quickness of sensibility or intellect: insensitive, stupid 反应迟钝的
zhuji: 【记】 ob不 + tus- 尖→不锐利的,tusk tush, 长牙，獠牙；ob + 音：兔子，兔子的标志是兔牙，很锐利→不兔子，不象兔子那样灵活→笨；<br>Sharp tools make good work. 工欲善其事 ,必先利其器。

正面: penurious
symbol: [pəˈnʊriəs]
definition: i.　adj. marked by or suffering from poverty: impoverished 贫困的
ii.　adj. given to or marked by extreme stinting frugality: tightfisted 吝啬的
sim: 【近】miserly, niggardly, parsimonious, stingy

正面: hedonism
symbol: [ˈhiːdənɪzəm]
definition: n. the doctrine that pleasure or happiness is the sole or chief good in life 享乐主义
sim: 【近】intemperance, self-indulgence, debauchery
zhuji: 【记】 he 他 + do 做，干，他想做(干)什么做(干)什么的

正面: magnanimous
symbol: [mæɡˈnænɪməs]
definition: adj. showing or suggesting nobility of feeling and generosity of mind: noble 宽宏大量的/慷慨的
sim: 【近】benevolent, chivalrous, greathearted, lofty
ano: 【反】measly, paltry, petty, picayune

正面: exonerate
symbol: [ɪɡˈzɑːnəreɪt]
definition: v. to clear from accusation or blame: exculpate 为…开脱/证明…无罪
sim: 【近】absolve, acquit, vindicate
ano: 【反】incriminate, inculpate, accuse
zhuji: 【记】 ex 不 + oner 负担，责任；ex + one + rate 解除一个人的进度，等级要求(本来这个人被要求完成某个指标，工作进度的)→免除责任；<br>【另】 onerous (on在...上 + er 在人上面的负担与责任)繁重的, 费力的, 有责任的

正面: synthesis
symbol: [ˈsɪnθəsɪs]
definition: n. the composition or combination of parts so as to form a whole: mixture 合成/混合
sim: 【近】amalgamation, fusion, blend
zhuji: 【记】 syn + thesis 论文， 多篇论文放到一起，综合而成

正面: adept
symbol: [əˈdept]
definition: adj. thoroughly proficient: expert 熟练的/精通的
sim: 【近】crack, masterful, adroit, deft, dexterous
ano: 【反】awkward, clumsy, inept, maladroit, dilettantish

正面: fatuous
symbol: [ˈfætʃuəs]
definition: adj. complacently or inanely foolish: silly 愚蠢的
sim: 【近】asinine, unwitty, imbecile, moronic
ano: 【反】sensible, judicious, prudent, sage, sapient
zhuji: 【记】 fat + tu 音：土→又肥又土→愚昧形象；fat + 音：涂，又肥又糊涂<br>If a nag travels a thousand miles, it's only through perseverance. 驽马千里 ,功在不舍。

正面: decorum
symbol: [dɪˈkɔːrəm]
definition: n. propriety and good taste in conduct or appearance: propriety 礼节/体面的行为
sim: 【近】decency, dignity, etiquette, seemliness
zhuji: 【记】 decoration；音：待客 + room 待客室待客最讲礼貌

正面: meteoric
symbol: [ˌmiːtiˈɔːrɪk]
definition: adj. resembling a meteor in speed or in sudden and temporary brilliance 短暂的/转瞬即逝的
zhuji: 【记】 meteor　流星， met + air (陨石)碰到空气→流星, eor 为air的变体，原指high in the air<br>【另】 meter 测量，米

正面: debonair
symbol: [ˌdebəˈner]
definition: i.　adj. having a sophisticated charm: urbane 温雅的/有魅力的
ii.　adj. having a cheerful and self-confident air: lighthearted, nonchalant 高兴的/无忧无虑的
sim: 【近】suave, elegant, refined, courteous
ano: 【反】bucolic, vulgar, crude, uncouth
zhuji: 【记】 bon 好 + air空气，氛围

正面: archaic
symbol: [ɑːrˈkeɪɪk]
definition: adj. of, relating to, or characteristic of an earlier or more primitive time: antiquated 古老的
sim: 【近】old-fashioned, antiquated, antique, passé
zhuji: 【记】 archae 古

正面: enjoin
symbol: [ɪnˈdʒɔɪn]
definition: i.　v. to direct or impose by authoritative order or with urgent admonition: command 命令
ii.　v. forbid, prohibit 禁止
sim: 【近】ban, inhibit, interdict, outlaw, taboo
ano: 【反】acquiesce, comply, conform, submit, yield

正面: latent
symbol: [ˈleɪtnt]
definition: adj. present though not now visible, obvious, active, or symptomatic: potential 潜在的/隐藏的
sim: 【近】abeyant, lurking, dormant, quiescent
ano: 【反】patent, dynamic, operative, vitalized
zhuji: 【记】 late ent 晚些时候才会出现的，现在是潜伏期

正面: quixotic
symbol: [kwɪkˈsɑːtɪk]
definition: adj. foolishly impractical especially in the pursuit of ideals 不切实际的/幻想的
sim: 【近】idealistic, unrealistic, naive
zhuji: 【记】 音:吉诃德, 源自Don Quixote 堂吉诃德，不实际的幻想者

正面: pervasive
symbol: [pərˈveɪsɪv]
definition: adj. pervading or tending to pervade: universal 普遍的/无处不在的
sim: 【近】omnipresent, ubiquitous, prevalent

正面: urbane
symbol: [ɜːrˈbeɪn]
definition: adj. notably polite or polished in manner: suave 彬彬有礼的/文雅的
sim: 【近】genteel, debonair, cultivated, polished, refined
zhuji: 【记】 urban 城市的, 市内的；城里人的特点

正面: affluent
symbol: [ˈæfluənt]
definition: adj. having a generously sufficient and increasing supply of material possessions 富裕的
sim: 【近】wealthy, opulent, sumptuous
ano: 【反】impecunious, straitened
zhuji: 【记】 af + fluent 流→财源滚滚，财富如流水；音：富禄，又富又有福禄<br>【另】 flow 流动, fluid 液体

正面: aloof
symbol: [əˈluːf]
definition: adj. removed or distant either physically or emotionally 疏远的/冷淡的
sim: 【近】indifferent, detached, solitary, withdrawn, standoffish
ano: 【反】affable, companionable, gregarious, sociable
zhuji: 【记】 音:露风, 露天在风中,不是在人群中；alone + 音：浮，一个人浮着飘着，与他人疏远；音：流放，流放到很远的与人隔绝的地方<br>【另】 aloft 空中，高高的,lofty 崇高的，loof luff 转舵

正面: hermetic
symbol: [hɜːrˈmetɪk]
definition: i.　adj. relating to or characterized by occultism or abstruseness: recondite 深奥的/难懂的
ii.　adj. impervious to external influence: secluded 闭塞的/隔绝的/不受影响的
sim: 【近】cloistered, recluse, sequestered, removed
zhuji: 【记】 her + met 遇见了她动了我密封的，与外界隔绝了的心，来自Hermes Trismegistus. He once <br>invented a magic seal to keep vessels airtight

正面: moot
symbol: [muːt]
definition: i.　adj. deprived of practical significance: inconsequent 没有意义的
ii.　adj. subjected to discussion: disputed, debatable 不确定的/有争议的
iii.　v. to bring up for discussion: broach 提出(以供讨论)

正面: cacophony
symbol: [kəˈkɑːfəni]
definition: n. harsh or discordant sound: dissonance 不和谐的声音/矛盾
sim: 【近】discordance, stridency, disharmony
zhuji: 【记】 coca，可卡，古柯；可卡因cocaine是一种毒品，非常坏；音：卡口，卡壳+ phone 电话中噪音卡卡声，难听<br>【另】 cacography，书法不佳，phone 电话，cacophony 刺耳的音调，euphony 悦耳的声音<br>，symphony 交响乐

正面: officious
symbol: [əˈfɪʃəs]
definition: adj. volunteering one’s services where they are not asked: meddlesome 多管闲事的
sim: 【近】impertinent, intrusive, obtrusive
zhuji: 【记】 来自office 职责，指过于做自己的职责，过于殷勤地提供别人并不需要的服务<br>【另】 office 办公室, 办事处,公职, 职责

正面: jovial
symbol: [ˈdʒoʊviəl]
definition: adj. markedly good-humored as evidenced by jollity and conviviality: merry 高兴的
sim: 【近】blithesome, gay, jocund, lighthearted, mirthful
ano: 【反】dour, morose, saturnine, sullen; grave, solemn, staid
zhuji: 【记】 joy，v象y

正面: flippant
symbol: [ˈflɪpənt]
definition: adj. lacking proper respect or seriousness: playful 轻浮的/无礼的
sim: 【近】frivolous, flip, facetious, mischievous

正面: predilection
symbol: [ˌpredlˈekʃn]
definition: n. an established preference for something: inclination 倾向
sim: 【近】disposition, penchant, predisposition, proclivity, propensity
zhuji: 【记】 pre预先 + di 两个 + lect 选择，两个中预先选一个，偏好<br>【另】 delectable 使人愉快的， dilettante 业余爱好者

正面: beleaguer
symbol: [bɪˈliːɡər]
definition: i.　v. to surround so as to force to give up: besiege 包围/围困
ii.　v. to cause worry or distress to: beset 使烦恼/困扰
sim: 【近】annoy, harass, plague, besiege
zhuji: 【记】 be + league colleague是同事，团队团体的同事，leagu有团，围的意思→被一群人围着很烦<br>【另】 colleague<br>An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening. 一日之计在于晨。

正面: execrate
symbol: [ˈeksɪkreɪt]
definition: v. to declare to be evil or detestable: denounce 指责/咒骂
sim: 【近】censure, reprehend, reprove, anathematize, objurgate
ano: 【反】commend, extol, acclaim, eulogize
zhuji: 【记】 源自ex 出 + sacred 神的，神圣的，背离神的→认为是邪恶的，可憎的；ex + crater 火山口，象从火山口喷发出来→咒骂<br>History repeats itself.　　历史往往重演。

正面: placate
symbol: [ˈpleɪkeɪt]
definition: v. to soothe or mollify especially by concessions: pacify 平息/安抚
sim: 【近】appease, assuage, conciliate, mollify, propitiate, tranquilize
ano: 【反】incense, infuriate, pique, provoke, enrage
zhuji: 【记】 将l去掉是pacify 平静；please 满足的，使喜欢；place 放，安置 + ate动词，使其放下，安置<br>，搞定→摆平→平息<br>【另】 pacific 平静的，太平洋(P大写)

正面: effusive
symbol: [ɪˈfjuːsɪv]
definition: adj. marked by the expression of excessive emotion or enthusiasm 善于表达(感情)的/奔放的
sim: 【近】gushing, expansive, outpouring, demonstrative, extroverted
ano: 【反】reserved, restrained, reticent, taciturn, bashful, shy
zhuji: 【记】 ef 出 + fus 流，<br>【另】 confuse 都熔在一起了→使混淆，defuse 去掉雷管，diffuse 向外熔化流动→ 散开, 弥漫，effuse<br>涌出流出，fuse 熔化成液体，熔合，雷管，引信，infuse 流入，interfuse 混合，perfuse 灌注，profuse<br>充满，丰富，refuse 再熔化成没有的东西→废物，拒绝，suffuse 充满，transfuse 注入，灌输

正面: raffish
symbol: [ˈræfɪʃ]
definition: adj. marked by or suggestive of flashy vulgarity or crudeness: disreputable 声名狼藉的/卑鄙的
zhuji: 【记】 rough 粗，粗鲁 + ish；rubbish 垃圾，象垃圾一样低下没教养的人；rough fish 吃生鱼的人，粗人，粗鲁<br>【另】 rakish 轻快的, 潇洒的, 放荡的

正面: myopic
symbol: [maɪˈoʊpik]
definition: adj. lacking foresight or discernment: near-sighted 短见的/目光短浅的
zhuji: 【记】 myopia 近视

正面: inveigle
symbol: [ɪnˈveɪɡl]
definition: v. to acquire by ingenuity or flattery: lure 诱骗/骗取
sim: 【近】allure, bait, decoy, entice, entrap, seduce
zhuji: 【记】 in + veil 面纱→盖上面纱，蒙住眼，蒙骗；in进入 + 音：喂狗，喂狗将之引进来→诱骗

正面: pinnacle
symbol: [ˈpɪnəkl]
definition: n. the highest point of development or achievement: acme 最高点/顶峰
sim: 【近】apex, apogee, culmination, summit, meridian, zenith
zhuji: 【记】 pin 针，针尖 + acle 东西；尖顶，顶峰；peak, i=ea, cle=&gt;k

正面: vindicate
symbol: [ˈvɪndɪkeɪt]
definition: i.　v. to provide justification or defense for: defend 维护/为…辩护
ii.　v. to free from allegation or blame: exculpate 证明…无罪/为…脱罪
iii.　v. avenge 为…复仇
sim: 【近】absolve, acquit, exonerate, confute
ano: 【反】convict, accuse, calumniate
zhuji: 【记】 源自venge 报仇；win + dictate 口述→胜利演说，证明我当初是正确的，对(敌人)进行报复，维护了权利，抵制了敌人的进攻

正面: advent
symbol: [ˈædvent]
definition: n. coming into being or use: introduction 到来/出现

正面: rebuke
symbol: [rɪˈbjuːk]
definition: i.　v. to criticize sharply: reprimand, reprove 指责/严厉批评
ii.　n. an expression of strong disapproval: reprimand 指责/严厉批评
sim: 【近】admonishment, admonition, chiding, reproach, reproof

正面: conciliate
symbol: [kənˈsɪlieɪt]
definition: i.　v. to make compatible: reconcile 调解/使和解/使协调
ii.　v. to appease or pacify 平息/安抚
sim: 【近】assuage, mollify, placate, propitiate
ano: 【反】foment, pique, provoke, stimulate
zhuji: 【记】 不要混同console 安慰；cilia 睫毛，象征柔软，顺服<br>【另】 reconcile 使和解，使顺从

正面: portentous
symbol: [pɔːrˈtentəs]
definition: i.　adj. eliciting amazement or wonder: prodigious 令人惊讶的/不同寻常的
ii.　adj. of, relating to, or constituting a sign of evil 不祥的/凶兆的
sim: 【近】baleful, direful, doomy, ill-boding, minatory, ominous, sinister
ano: 【反】auspicious
zhuji: 【记】 potential 潜在的危险，前兆的<br>【另】 ominous 预兆的, 恶兆的,不吉利的

正面: ostracize
symbol: [ˈɑːstrəsaɪz]
definition: v. to exile or exclude from a Group by common consent: banish 放逐/流放
sim: 【近】deport, exile, expatriate, expel, expulse, oust
ano: 【反】harbor, haven, refuge, shelter
zhuji: 【记】 extra + ciz cis cut，多余的去掉，公司裁员，多余的都开掉了；extract 抽出 + cis 剪掉；将写有某人名字的贝壳抽出并废掉，古希腊的贝壳放逐法<br>【另】 ostracean 牡蛎

正面: equivocate
symbol: [ɪˈkwɪvəkeɪt]
definition: v. to use ambiguous language especially with intent to deceive 闪烁其词/(为了欺骗而)模糊地说
sim: 【近】falsify, palter, prevaricate
zhuji: 【记】 equi + voice 相同的声音<br>【另】 vocation 召唤, 号召,天职,才能, 职业， avocation 副业, 业余爱好，convocation 集会, 召集<br>，equivocate 说模棱两可的话, 支吾，evocation 唤出, 唤起, 招魂，invocation 祈祷, 符咒，provocation 激怒, 刺激, 挑衅，revocation 撤回，vocal 声音的<br>He who does not advance falls backward. 逆水行舟，不进则退。

正面: reprisal
symbol: [rɪˈpraɪzl]
definition: n. a retaliatory act: revenge 报复
sim: 【近】retaliation, avengement, counterblow, retribution, vengeance

正面: plod
symbol: [plɑːd]
definition: i.　v. to work laboriously and monotonously: drudge 辛苦沉闷地工作
ii.　v. to walk or proceed slowly or tediously: trudge 沉重缓慢地走
zhuji: 【记】 音：铺路的，铺路的人是苦力，抬着石头很慢地往前走；音：迫劳动，被迫劳动的奴工；音：破落的，家境破落，只能卖苦力，当搬运工之类地，重步走

正面: conducive
symbol: [kənˈduːsɪv]
definition: adj. tending to promote or assist: beneficial 有益的/有助于…的
sim: 【近】contributing, favorable, advantageous, salutary
zhuji: 【记】 conduce + tive

正面: impermeable
symbol: [ɪmˈpɜːrmiəbl]
definition: adj. not permitting passage: impervious 不能(被水等)渗透的
sim: 【近】impassable, impenetrable, unpierceable

正面: dissemble
symbol: [dɪˈsembl]
definition: v. to hide under a false appearance: disguise 隐藏/掩饰
sim: 【近】camouflage, cloak, dissimulate, mask
ano: 【反】demonstrate, evidence, evince, manifest
zhuji: 【记】 dis 反义 + seem 看起来象是→掩饰；也有same的意思<br>【另】 semblance 外表，simulate 模仿，假装，dissimulate 掩饰，假装 ，assemble(same 类似的弄到一起→集合，装配), resemble（seem same 类似），ensemble(same 同类，全体，合唱的全体演唱者),dissemble(不+seem,same→掩饰，冒充）

正面: propensity
symbol: [prəˈpensəti]
definition: n. an often intense natural inclination or preference: leaning 倾向/偏好
sim: 【近】disposition, penchant, predilection, predisposition, proclivity
zhuji: 【记】 pro 倾向 + pen 笔，喜欢玩笔杆子(写东西)是个嗜好；pro + expense 倾向花销是个嗜好；pro +<br>pensive 沉思的

正面: bereave
symbol: [bɪˈriːv]
definition: v. to deprive of or take away especially by force 剥夺/使…失去
sim: 【近】disinherit, dispossess, divest

正面: inequity
symbol: [ɪnˈekwəti]
definition: n. injustice by virtue of not conforming with rules or standards: unfairness 不公平

正面: neophyte
symbol: [ˈniːəfaɪt]
definition: n. any new participant in some activity: beginner 新手/新人
sim: 【近】tyro, novice, apprentice, colt, novitiate, rookie
zhuji: 【记】 近于novice新手 no=neo, v=f=ph,I=y,novice；neo new 新 + phyte (看作plant变体) 植物, green 绿色<br>，无经验的；也可看作neophyte 的变体<br>【另】 novice 新手, 初学者

正面: specious
symbol: [ˈspiːʃəs]
definition: adj. having a false look of truth or genuineness: sophistic 似是而非的
sim: 【近】counterfactual, erroneous; apparent, seeming
zhuji: 【记】 spec- 看，看着不错的；<br>【另】 inspect 检查，查看

正面: endemic
symbol: [enˈdemɪk]
definition: adj. regularly found in a particular area 地方性的/(在特定地区)普遍的
sim: 【近】native, aboriginal, autochthonous
ano: 【反】pandemic; extraneous, extrinsic, exotic
zhuji: 【记】 dem 人民，属于特定地方人民的，风土的<br>【另】 democratic 平民的，民主的

正面: stricture
symbol: [ˈstrɪktʃər]
definition: i.　n. something that closely restrains or limits: restriction 束缚/限制
ii.　n. an adverse criticism: censure 批评/责难
sim: 【近】animadversion, aspersion, obloquy, slam, slur
zhuji: 【记】 strict 严厉

正面: nettle
symbol: [ˈnetl]
definition: v. to arouse to sharp but transitory annoyance or anger: irritate 激怒/使烦恼
sim: 【近】exasperate, peeve, pique, provoke, rile, roil
zhuji: 【记】 net + 音：投，投网，自投罗网，在荨麻网里挣扎出不来很气恼；net + 音：头，头陷入网中

正面: check
symbol: [tʃek]
definition: i.　v. to restrain or diminish the action or force of: control 控制/抑制
ii.　v. to halt through caution, uncertainty, or fear: stop 阻止/停止
sim: 【近】bridle, constrain, curb, inhibit, withhold
zhuji: 【记】 check 检查，正在开车，忽然警察要检查，把我阻止停了下来

正面: tortuous
symbol: [ˈtɔːrtʃuəs]
definition: i.　adj. marked by repeated twists, bends, or turns: winding 弯曲的/扭曲的
ii.　adj. circuitous, involved (说话)绕弯子的/迂回的
sim: 【近】anfractuous, flexuous, meandering, serpentine, sinuous
zhuji: 【记】 源自tort- 扭曲，twist；tortoise 在蜿蜒的小路上爬，比兔子跑一会就休息还快<br>【另】 torture 折磨，tortuous 曲折的 contort 扭曲，distort 歪曲 extort 敲诈勒索 retort 反驳

正面: gullible
symbol: [ˈɡʌləbl]
definition: adj. easily duped or cheated 易受骗的
sim: 【近】credulous, naive, susceptible
ano: 【反】astute
zhuji: 【记】 gull欺骗 + ble可,可被欺骗的

正面: cursory
symbol: [ˈkɜːrsəri]
definition: adj. rapidly and often superficially performed or produced: hasty 粗略的/草率的
sim: 【近】shallow, sketchy, casual, desultory, haphazard, random
ano: 【反】careful, meticulous, scrupulous, painstaking
zhuji: 【记】 cursor 游标，计算机屏幕光标，用计算机屏幕光标在屏幕上扫文章的时候是粗略的；<br>【另】 cursive 草书

正面: imperative
symbol: [ɪmˈperətɪv]
definition: i.　adj. not to be avoided or evaded: necessary 必要的/不可避免的
ii.　adj. requiring immediate attention or action: ugent 紧急的/迫切的
sim: 【近】essential, indispensable, necessitous, prerequisite, fundamental
zhuji: 【记】 近于emperor 皇帝；来自皇帝的命令<br>【另】 imperial 皇帝的

正面: complaisant
symbol: [kəmˈpleɪzənt]
definition: adj. marked by an inclination to please or oblige: amiable 顺从的/殷切的
sim: 【近】lenient, obliging, accommodating, agreeable, submissive
ano: 【反】harsh, rigorous, stern, firm

正面: arrant
symbol: [ˈærənt]
definition: adj. being notoriously without moderation: extreme 臭名昭著的/极度(恶劣)的
sim: 【近】shameless, barefaced, blatant, brazen, impudent, unabashed, unblushing

正面: denigrate
symbol: [ˈdenɪɡreɪt]
definition: v. to attack the reputation or deny the importance of: defame, belittle 诋毁/诽谤
sim: 【近】malign, asperse, calumniate, scandalize, vilify
zhuji: 【记】 nigr- 黑，Negro 黑人 (贬义)，de 否定 + 黑 抹黑

正面: cumbersome
symbol: [ˈkʌmbərsəm]
definition: adj. difficult to handle especially because of size or weight: ponderous 笨重的/难以处理的
sim: 【近】unwieldy, cumbrous, unhandy, slow-moving
zhuji: 【记】 音：扛木板儿 扛着木板时很笨重

正面: recalcitrant
symbol: [rɪˈkælsɪtrənt]
definition: adj. difficult to manage or operate: unruly 倔强的/顽抗的
sim: 【近】fractious, obstinate, withstanding
ano: 【反】tractable, amenable
zhuji: 【记】 re 重复 + calci- 钙(化学符号Ca) 许多钙，象钙一样坚硬，顽固，

正面: humdrum
symbol: [ˈhʌmdrʌm]
definition: adj. dull and lacking excitement: monotonous 单调的/无聊的
sim: 【近】dreary, pedestrian, plodding, stodgy
zhuji: 【记】 hum 哼，嗡嗡声 + drum 鼓

正面: inert
symbol: [ɪˈnɜːrt]
definition: adj. very slow to move or act: sluggish 迟缓的/惰性的
sim: 【近】inactive, idle, passive, inanimate
ano: 【反】animated, alert, dynamic, vigilant, watchful, operative
zhuji: 【记】 源自 in 不 + art skill 技巧；inner 内在的，固有的，任何物体都内有的属性是惯性<br>【另】 art 艺术,技术, 巧妙, 美术

正面: bromide
symbol: [ˈbroʊmaɪd]
definition: n. a commonplace or hackneyed statement or notion 陈词滥调/陈腐的想法
sim: 【近】banality, cliché, platitude, prosaicism, truism
zhuji: 【记】 born + mid 天生就是mid一般，俗人；broom + maid 扫地女佣平庸；m要是倒过来brown就是溴的颜色了；

正面: placid
symbol: [ˈplæsɪd]
definition: adj. serenely free of interruption or disturbance: calm 平静的/冷静的
sim: 【近】halcyon, irenic, collected, serene, tranquil
ano: 【反】roiled, choleric
zhuji: 【记】 place 平静, pease place(安置) + ed<br>【另】 complacent 自满的, 得意的

正面: muted
symbol: [ˈmjuːtɪd]
definition: i.　adj. toned down: low-key, subdued 低音的/(声音)缓和的
ii.　adj. being mute: silent, muffled 消声的/沉默的

正面: unassailable
symbol: [ˌʌnəˈseɪləbl]
definition: adj. not assailable: not liable to doubt, attack, or question 无懈可击的/毋庸置疑的
sim: 【近】invincible, impregnable, inexpugnable, unconquerable
zhuji: 【记】 ass=驴子，ail=病了，驴子病了乱攻击assail

正面: intimate v.
symbol: [ˈɪntɪmeɪt]
definition: i.　v. to communicate delicately and indirectly: hint 暗示
ii.　v. to make known especially publicly or formally: announce 宣布/通知
iii.　adj. marked by very close association, contact, or familiarity 亲密的
sim: 【近】suggest, connote, imply, insinuate
zhuji: 【记】 inter 之间 + mate 配偶，助手，配偶，助手之间是亲密关系，配偶之间是属于暗的私人交流<br>，助手之间是明的，公开宣布的关系

正面: meander
symbol: [miˈændər]
definition: i.　v. to wander aimlessly or casually without urgent destination: ramble 漫步/蜿蜒
ii.　n. a winding path or course: labyrinth 迷宫/曲折的道路
sim: 【近】drift, gallivant, roam, stray, vagabond
zhuji: 【记】 me + and her， 我和她，我和她在蜿蜒的河边漫步

正面: emulate
symbol: [ˈemjuleɪt]
definition: v. to strive to equal or excel: match 模仿(并试图赶超)
sim: 【近】rival, compete, outvie
zhuji: 【记】 前边加个s 就是simulate 模仿，看到别人优秀自己也要模仿并竞争； 与imitate的音形意相近；mule 骡子，象驴或马的仿真，并与它们竞争<br>【另】 simulate, imitate 模仿，仿效

正面: convention
symbol: [kənˈvenʃn]
definition: i.　n. a general agreement about basic principles or procedures 传统/惯例/习俗
ii.　n. an assembly of persons met for a common purpose 会议/集会
sim: 【近】canon, precept, custom, practice
zhuji: 【记】 con一起 + event事件，大家一起参与的某件事，这是个习俗，比如过年，赶庙会等

正面: comity
symbol: [ˈkɔməti]
definition: n. friendly social atmosphere: social harmony 和谐/友谊
sim: 【近】accord, concord, amity, camaraderie, companionship
ano: 【反】enmity, animosity, antagonism, hostility, rancor
zhuji: 【记】 community，生活在社区，人们都需讲礼仪； com MIT，来到MIT，人们都很讲礼仪，文明<br>【另】 amity 友好, 亲善关系

正面: debunk
symbol: [ˌdiːˈbʌŋk]
definition: v. to expose the sham or falseness of 揭穿/暴露(错误)
sim: 【近】uncloak, undress, unmask, unshroud
zhuji: 【记】 bunk 铺位，床；debunk 把床揭露出来；de + bank把银行揭露出来；音：绷开，穿绷

正面: remunerate
symbol: [rɪˈmjuːnəreɪt]
definition: v. to pay an equivalent to for a service, loss, or expense: recompense 为…支付报酬/补偿
sim: 【近】compensate, indemnify, recompense, reimburse, requite
zhuji: 【记】 re回 + money 钱，用钱付回→报酬

正面: zenith
symbol: [ˈzenɪθ]
definition: n. the highest point: acme 最高点/顶端
sim: 【近】apex, apogee, capstone, culmination, meridian, pinnacle
ano: 【反】nadir
zhuji: 【记】 z 是26个字母中最后一个 z + ith 第z个→最后一个→极点；Zen 禅，禅宗的目的是悟到最高境界→天顶<br>【另】 nadir 天底, 最底点

正面: lugubrious
symbol: [ləˈɡuːbriəs]
definition: adj. exaggeratedly or affectedly mournful: gloomy 悲伤的/忧郁的
sim: 【近】melancholy, doleful, lamentable, plaintive, rueful, woeful
ano: 【反】facetious, blithe, jocund, jovial
zhuji: 【记】 音：路孤悲，考G道路上孤单悲凉，郁闷

正面: provincial
symbol: [prəˈvɪnʃl]
definition: i.　adj. limited in outlook or thought: narrow-minded 狭隘的/局限的
ii.　adj. lacking the polish of urban society: unsophisticated 粗俗的/没教养的
sim: 【近】insular, parochial, sectarian
ano: 【反】catholic, cosmic, universal, cosmopolitan
zhuji: 【记】 province 省；外省的，地方省份的，不是大城市的，是乡下的

正面: juxtaposed
symbol: [ˌdʒʌkstəˈpoʊzd]
definition: adj. placed side by side: adjacent 并列的/相邻的
sim: 【近】abutting, adjoining, conterminous, contiguous

正面: panacea
symbol: [ˌpænəˈsiːə]
definition: n. a remedy for all ills or difficulties: cure-all 万能药
zhuji: 【记】 pan- 全，发音：泛；pan 盘，全盘→全 + acid 酸→一种全能的酸，能治百病

正面: inexorable
symbol: [ɪnˈeksərəbl]
definition: adj. not to be persuaded, moved, or stopped: relentless 不可阻挡的/无法改变的/不动摇的
sim: 【近】adamant, dogged, obdurate, rigid, uncompromising
zhuji: 【记】 in不+ exorable；ex 出 + ora- 说， 说出去的<br>【另】 exorable 可说服的, 可用恳求打动的

正面: inherent
symbol: [ɪnˈhɪrənt]
definition: adj. involved in the constitution or essential character of something: intrinsic 内在的/本质的
sim: 【近】elemental, inborn, inbred, ingrained, innate
ano: 【反】adventitious, superficial, extraneous, extrinsic
zhuji: 【记】 in + here 在这里边的，在内的→内在的；inherit 继承下来的→遗传下来的

正面: resolve
symbol: [rɪˈzɑːlv]
definition: i.. n. fixity of purpose: resoluteness 决心/坚定
ii.　v. to deal with successfully: clear up: solve 解决(冲突/矛盾等)
sim: 【近】decidedness, firmness, resolution

正面: abate
symbol: [əˈbeɪt]
definition: i.　v. to reduce in degree or intensity: moderate 减少/减轻
ii.　v. to put an end to: nullify 废除/使无效
sim: 【近】annul, invalidate, undo, vitiate, void
ano: 【反】institute, establish, found; confirm, ratify
zhuji: 【记】 a + bat用球棒打，beat， battle 打→打下去；bate 减弱；<br>【另】 rebate 回扣,减少, debate 争论, 辩论, probate 遗嘱检验，reprobate 非难

正面: forestall
symbol: [fɔːrˈstɔːl]
definition: v. to exclude or hinder by prior occupation or measures: prevent 预防/提前阻止
sim: 【近】avert, deter, forfend, obviate, preclude
ano: 【反】court, invite, woo, promote
zhuji: 【记】 fore 前 + stall 货摊，提前出摊，抢占地方→先发制人，阻止他人

正面: carnal
symbol: [ˈkɑːrnl]
definition: i.　adj. relating to or given to crude bodily pleasures and appetites 肉体的/身体的
ii.　adj. worldly 物质的/世俗的
sim: 【近】material, substantial, mundane, earthly, earthy
zhuji: 【记】 car车太重要了，外国人视之为自己的一部分→肉<br>Better to be alone than in bad company. 交损友不如无友。

正面: discord
symbol: [ˈdɪskɔːrd]
definition: v. to disagree or clash 与…不一致/发生冲突
sim: 【近】conflict, disaccord, jar, mismatch
zhuji: 【记】 dis 不+ cord 心 一致→不同心，不一致<br>【另】 accord 同心→一致, concord 一心→一致；discord 不一致,

正面: adamant
symbol: [ˈædəmənt]
definition: adj. unshakable or insistent in maintaining a position: unyielding 坚定的/固执的
sim: 【近】inexorable, obdurate, rigid, unswayable
ano: 【反】relenting, complaisant, obliging, subdued, submissive
zhuji: 【记】 源自diamond 坚硬的钻石；a dam 大坝的特点，坚硬，坚强不屈不动摇；Adam亚当，男人的特点<br>A good healthy body is worth more a crown in gold. 健康的身体贵于黄金铸成的皇冠。

正面: vehement
symbol: [ˈviːəmənt]
definition: adj. intensely emotional: impassioned, fervid 激烈的/热烈的
sim: 【近】intense, exquisite, fierce, furious, vicious, violent
zhuji: 【记】 音：威 + he men 威武男人；音：威猛；vehicle 车 + men 象车的男人→很猛烈

正面: leery
symbol: [ˈlɪri]
definition: adj. openly distrustful and unwilling to confide: suspicious 猜疑的/提防的
sim: 【近】wary, circumspect, cautious, dubious
zhuji: 【记】 leer 斜视，表示怀疑

正面: expedite
symbol: [ˈekspədaɪt]
definition: v. to accelerate the process or progress of: speed up 加速/促进
sim: 【近】accelerate, hasten, precipitate
zhuji: 【记】 ex 出 + ped 脚 + it→出脚，快走→迈步走

正面: diatribe
symbol: [ˈdaɪətraɪb]
definition: n. ironic or satirical criticism: invective 谩骂/讽刺的抨击
sim: 【近】tirade, harangue
zhuji: 【记】 音：打 + tribe 部落；dia 通过 + tribute 进贡的贡品，贡金，被勒索的保护费，通过被勒索的钱物一事发表演说表示讽刺与抨击

正面: annihilate
symbol: [əˈnaɪəleɪt]
definition: i.　v. to cause to be of no effect: nullify 废除/使无效
ii.　v. to cause to cease to exist: kill 消灭/杀死
sim: 【近】decimate, demolish, eliminate, slaughter, exterminate, massacre

正面: implacable
symbol: [ɪmˈplækəbl]
definition: adj. not capable of being appeased, significantly changed, or mitigated 难以缓和的/难以安抚的
sim: 【近】grim, ironfisted, merciless, ruthless, unflinching
ano: 【反】peaceable, tractable, tolerant
zhuji: 【记】 placable 易抚慰的；im + please 取悦 + able；place 摆放，摆平，加上im就是摆不平的<br>【另】 place (摆放，摆平)放置

正面: irresolute
symbol: [ɪˈrezəluːt]
definition: adj. uncertain how to act or proceed: vacillating 犹豫的/不果断的
sim: 【近】faltering, halting, tentative

正面: plethora
symbol: [ˈpleθərə]
definition: n. extreme excess: superfluity 过量/过多
sim: 【近】overabundance, overflow, surfeit, surplus
ano: 【反】scarcity, shortage, dearth, paucity, exiguity
zhuji: 【记】 plet- 满，多，近于plenty，plenty + whole；complete + whole 完成全部，还有多余<br>【另】 complete 完成，完全的，deplete 耗尽, 使衰竭，replete充满的，suppletory 增补物，附助的

正面: choleric
symbol: [ˈkɑːlərɪk]
definition: adj. easily moved to often unreasonable or excessive anger: hot-tempered 暴躁的/易怒的
sim: 【近】irascible, cranky, stomachy, testy, touchy
ano: 【反】serene, tranquil, composed, nonchalant, placid
zhuji: 【记】 音：吵 + er 人，吵架的人；音：吵累，抽了，抽了(一耳光)都很生气愤怒

正面: idyllic
symbol: [aɪˈdɪlɪk]
definition: adj. pleasing or picturesque in natural simplicity: peaceful (田园般)宁静的/悠闲的

正面: stem
symbol: [stem]
definition: i.　v. to check or go counter to: thwart 阻止
ii.　v. to occur or develop as a consequence: have or trace an origin: spring 起源于/是…的结果
sim: 【近】derive, emanate, originate, proceed

正面: antithesis
symbol: [ænˈtɪθəsɪs]
definition: n. the direct opposite: opposition, contrast 对立面/对比
sim: 【近】antagonism, con, contradistinction, contraposition, antipode

正面: quiescent
symbol: [kwiˈesnt]
definition: adj. marked by inactivity or repose: tranquilly at rest: latent 不活跃的/沉寂的
sim: 【近】abeyant, dormant, lurking, potential
ano: 【反】active, operative, revived
zhuji: 【记】 来自quiet

正面: wax
symbol: [wæks]
definition: v. to increase in size, numbers, strength, prosperity, or intensity 增长/增大
sim: 【近】augment, mount, multiply, upsurge
ano: 【反】wane

正面: rudimentary
symbol: [ˌruːdɪˈmentri]
definition: adj. consisting in first principles: fundamental, elementary 基本的/初步的
zhuji: 【记】 源自rude 原始的，未加工的<br>【另】 fundamental 基础的, 基本的

正面: neologism
symbol: [niˈɑːlədʒɪzəm]
definition: n. a new word, usage, or expression 新词/新义

正面: factitious
symbol: [fækˈtɪʃəs]
definition: i.　adj. produced by humans rather than by natural forces: artificial 人工的/人为的
ii.　adj. produced by special effort: sham 虚假的/不真实的
sim: 【近】affected, counterfeited, feigned, pretended
ano: 【反】authentic, bona fide, genuine, artless, spontaneous

正面: anachronism
symbol: [əˈnækrənɪzəm]
definition: i.　n. the state or condition of being chronologically out of place 时代错误/不合潮流
ii.　n. an artifact or person that belongs to another time 时代错误的人或事

正面: debase
symbol: [dɪˈbeɪs]
definition: v. to lower in status, esteem, quality, or character 贬低/使贬值
sim: 【近】abase, degrade, humiliate, sink
ano: 【反】acclaim, laud; refresh, rejuvenate, restore
zhuji: 【记】 base 底部，基础<br>【另】 abase 降低

正面: plummet
symbol: [ˈplʌmɪt]
definition: v. to drop sharply and abruptly: plunge 骤降/急速下降
sim: 【近】descend, dump, precipitate, collapse
ano: 【反】skyrocket, soar, ascend
zhuji: 【记】 plumb 铅锤 + meet 你要是碰上铅锤了就是它从上面坠下来了

正面: nettlesome
symbol: [ˈnetlsəm]
definition: adj. causing vexation or annoyance: irritating 令人心烦的/令人恼怒的
sim: 【近】thorny, prickly, spiny

正面: excel
symbol: [ɪkˈsel]
definition: v. to surpass in accomplishment or achievement 超过/胜过
sim: 【近】exceed, outdo, outshine, outstrip, transcend

正面: analogous
symbol: [əˈnæləɡəs]
definition: adj. showing an analogy or a likeness that permits one to draw an analogy 类似的/可类比的
sim: 【近】akin, kindred, consonant, parallel, uniform

正面: anomaly
symbol: [əˈnɑːməli]
definition: n. the quality of being different, abnormal or peculiar: irregularity 异常/不规则
sim: 【近】incongruity, variance, deviation, divergence

正面: martial
symbol: [ˈmɑːrʃl]
definition: adj. relating to or suggesting an army or to military life 有关军事的/好战的
sim: 【近】warlike, bellicose, belligerent, combative, pugnacious, mettlesome
ano: 【反】civilian, irenic, pacific, dovish

正面: snub
symbol: [snʌb]
definition: i.　v. to check or stop with a cutting retort: rebuke 斥责并制止
ii.　v. to treat with contempt or neglect: disregard 冷落/怠慢
sim: 【近】ostracize, snob
zhuji: 【记】 snob 势利小人 常巴结贵族noble，对其他人冷落，怠慢

正面: slapdash
symbol: [ˈslæpdæʃ]
definition: adj. marked by lack of plan, order, or direction: random 草率的/混乱的/粗心的
sim: 【近】desultory, indiscriminate, haphazard, slipshod

正面: flounder
symbol: [ˈflaʊndər]
definition: v. to proceed or act clumsily or ineffectually: struggle 困难地前行/笨拙地做
sim: 【近】wallow, blunder, lurch, stumble
zhuji: 【记】 源自founder 摔倒，沉没→沉在底部，flounder指还能走，比founder多个l，看成撑着的木杖；found- 基础，底部；flow + under 底下在流，你挣扎，艰苦地移动，因为底下的水湍流不息<br>【另】 founder 沉没，摔倒，倒塌，失败，foundation 基础；blunder 跌跌撞撞地走, 犯错

正面: respite
symbol: [ˈrespɪt]
definition: i.　v. to put off or delay: reprieve 暂缓/延期
ii.　n. an interval of rest or relief: break 休息/暂停
sim: 【近】intermission, lull, recess, rest
zhuji: 【记】 despite 和in spite of 都有不管，不顾的意思 not stopped by；re 反 + spite (not stopped<br>by)→stopped by→停止，中止；despite 怨恨 spit 吐口水，respite..re 回 + spite 本来想吐口水，或是想说什么，到嘴边又咽回去了，先缓缓，等会再说<br>【另】 reprieve 缓刑，暂缓, relief 减轻<br>There is honour among thieves. 盗亦有道。

正面: abstain
symbol: [əbˈsteɪn]
definition: v. to refrain with an effort of self-denial from an action 主动戒除/对…保持自制
sim: 【近】forbear, withhold, abnegate, forgo
ano: 【反】indulge, gratify, regale, sate, satiate
zhuji: 【记】 源自abs 不 + tain 拿住 hold→不拿住→放弃；ab + stain 污点 不要污点，戒掉缺点<br>【另】 abstain 禁绝 放弃，attain 得到 获得，detain 拘留 延迟 阻止，maintain 维持，维修，obtain 得到，pertain 属于，有关，适合，retain 保持 保留，sustain 支撑 维持，

正面: remiss
symbol: [rɪˈmɪs]
definition: adj. negligent in the performance of work or duty: careless, lax 疏忽的/粗心的
sim: 【近】behindhand, delinquent, derelict, slack
ano: 【反】scrupulous, meticulous, heedful, attentive
zhuji: 【记】 re 反复 + miss 错过→反复错过→疏忽

正面: pious
symbol: [ˈpaɪəs]
definition: i.　adj. showing reverence for deity and devotion to divine worship: devout 虔诚的
ii.　adj. showing loyal reverence for a person or thing: dutiful 忠诚的/尽职的
iii.　adj. marked by sham or hypocrisy: sanctimonious 伪善的/假虔诚的
sim: 【近】canting, dissembling, dissimulating, insincere

正面: equitable
symbol: [ˈekwɪtəbl]
definition: adj. having or exhibiting equity: dealing fairly and equally with all concerned 公平的/合理的
sim: 【近】dispassionate, impartial, impersonal, unbiased, uncolored, unprejudiced

正面: veritable
symbol: [ˈverɪtəbl]
definition: adj. being in fact the thing named and not false, unreal, or imaginary 真实的/可验证的
sim: 【近】authentic, bona fide, genuine, indubitable
ano: 【反】imaginary, artificial, factitious, counterfeit, spurious
zhuji: 【记】 verity 真实

正面: disaffected
symbol: [ˌdɪsəˈfektɪd]
definition: adj. discontented and resentful especially against authority: rebellious 不满的/叛逆的
sim: 【近】disgruntled, alienated, estranged, disobedient

正面: attenuate
symbol: [əˈtenjueɪt]
definition: v. to lessen the amount, force, magnitude, or value of: weaken 削弱/使纤细
sim: 【近】thin, extenuate, wiredraw, sap, enfeeble
ano: 【反】amplify, dilate, distend, inflate, augment
zhuji: 【记】 ten- 源自thin；与tend, tain同源，细，薄，可理解为拉，延伸后变薄变细；音：牛，十头牛去拉，拉得绳子越来越长，都成又细又薄了；音：太扭，扭东西(橡皮筋)扭得太厉害，直到变得细薄;

正面: exorbitant
symbol: [ɪɡˈzɔːrbɪtənt]
definition: adj. exceeding the appropriate limits: excessive 过量的/离谱的
sim: 【近】extravagant, immoderate, inordinate, undue, unmeasurable
zhuji: 【记】 ex 出 + orbit 轨道→出轨，出格

正面: occlude
symbol: [əˈkluːd]
definition: v. to close up or block off: obstruct 堵塞/阻碍
sim: 【近】choke, clog, congest, hinder, impede

正面: fortuitous
symbol: [fɔːrˈtuːɪtəs]
definition: adj. occurring by chance: accidental 意外的/偶然的
sim: 【近】accidental, casual, contingent, incidental, odd
ano: 【反】deliberate, measured, considered, intentional

正面: besiege
symbol: [bɪˈsiːdʒ]
definition: i.　v. to surround with armed forces: beleaguer, blockade 包围/围困
ii.　v. to cause worry or distress to: beset 困扰/使心烦
sim: 【近】annoy, harass, plague

正面: craven
symbol: [ˈkreɪvn]
definition: adj. lacking the least bit of courage: contemptibly fainthearted: cowardly 胆小的/懦弱的
sim: 【近】gutless, pusillanimous, timid, timorous
zhuji: 【记】 音：哭问，哭着问，小学生很胆怯，问老师都哭；brave 勇敢的反意，第一个字母不同<br>Don't speak ill of others behind their backs. 不要在背后说人坏话。

正面: involved
symbol: [ɪnˈvɑːlvd]
definition: adj. difficult to deal with because of complexity or disorder: complex 复杂的/棘手的
sim: 【近】byzantine, daedal, elaborate, intricate, knotty, labyrinthine, sophisticated

正面: underwrite
symbol: [ˌʌndərˈraɪt]
definition: v. to subscribe to: agree 同意(支付)/在…下签字
sim: 【近】guarantee, endorse, back

正面: tender
symbol: [ˈtendər]
definition: i.　v. to present for acceptance: offer 提供/提出
ii.　adj. showing care or softer emotions: fond, considerate 体贴的/细致的
iii.　adj. easily broken, cut, or damaged: delicate, fragile 脆弱的/柔软的
sim: 【近】compassionate, responsive, lenient, solicitous, affectionate
zhuji: 【记】 tend有两个意思，照管，照料，和倾向，趋向，也是延伸的字根，相应地tender也有几个意思<br>，嫩，软，温柔，微妙的(因为需要照料)，伸出的字根与倾向，相当于extend 提供，给予，申请留学时一个名校给你extend 了一个offer

正面: ravenous
symbol: [ˈrævənəs]
definition: adj. very eager or greedy for food, satisfaction, or gratification: rapacious 贪婪的/渴望的
sim: 【近】voracious, edacious, gluttonous, ravening
zhuji: 【记】 v=f=ph=p, 与rape (掠夺)相近，狼掠夺食物时是饿极了的；音：肉无饿死，没肉吃饿的要死，<br>【另】 raven 大乌鸦, 掠夺, 狼吞虎咽，rapacious 掠夺的, 贪婪的, ravin 捕食, 掠夺, 猎食

正面: conflagration
symbol: [ˌkɑːnfləˈɡreɪʃn]
definition: i.　n. a large disastrous fire 大火/火灾
ii.　n. conflict, war 冲突/战争
zhuji: 【记】 flagrant 燃烧；con一起 + flag + rant 旗子, 在一片旗子前咆哮地说, 背景就是燃烧的火(战争狂人的镜头)

正面: tout
symbol: [taʊt]
definition: v. to advertise in strongly positive terms: promote, talk up 宣传/赞扬/吹捧
sim: 【近】herald, trumpet, proclaim, publicize, acclaim
zhuji: 【记】 音：掏 out，从你兜里掏出钱来；音：投他，选举时吹捧候选人，投他投他，他最棒<br>【另】 taut (音：套它) (绳子)拉紧的, 整洁的

正面: tumult
symbol: [ˈtuːmʌlt]
definition: n. disorderly agitation of a crowd: commotion, riot 动乱/骚动
sim: 【近】clamor, convulsion, ferment, upheaval, turmoil, uproar, hurly-burly
zhuji: 【记】 tumult 音：土木的，大兴土木的，工地上很多工人机器在喧嚣；音：唾骂的，唾沫的，人们唾沫横飞的骂；发音也象是个国骂，都是骂，表示场面乱，情绪激动

正面: ploy
symbol: [plɔɪ]
definition: n. a tactic intended to embarrass or frustrate an opponent: stratagem 策略/手段
sim: 【近】artifice, device, gambit, maneuver, ruse, wile

正面: peripheral
symbol: [pəˈrɪfərəl]
definition: i.　adj. on or near an edge or constituting an outer boundary 外围的/周边的
ii.　adj. auxiliary, supplementary 次要的/辅助的
sim: 【近】outlying, marginal, fringe
zhuji: 【记】 源自peri + fer 带，transfer 从侧面移动<br>That which is evil is soon learnt. 恶行易学。

正面: buck
symbol: [bʌk]
definition: v. to refuse assent: oppose, resist 反对/抵抗
sim: 【近】combat, dispute, duel, repel, traverse, withstand
zhuji: 【记】 bark 狗吠叫,狗生气了,边叫边弓背反对，低头顶着，反抗，向前冲；

正面: indefeasible
symbol: [ˌɪndɪˈfizəbl]
definition: adj. not capable of being annulled or voided or undone 难以废除的/不可剥夺的

正面: frivolous
symbol: [ˈfrɪvələs]
definition: i.　adj. of little weight or importance 琐碎的/不重要的
ii.　adj. lacking in seriousness: playful 轻浮的/不严肃的
sim: 【近】giddy, flighty, shallow, superficial
zhuji: 【记】 free 随意，无限制的 + vol 心→自由与随意的意志；不是serious的<br>【另】 benevolent (好+心)慈善的

正面: chivalrous
symbol: [ˈʃɪvəlrəs]
definition: i.　adj. valiant, brave 勇敢的
ii.　adj. marked by honor, generosity, and courtesy 彬彬有礼的/体贴的
sim: 【近】benevolent, greathearted, lofty, magnanimous
zhuji: 【记】 源自chevalier或cavalier；音：侍卫，骑卫

正面: recondite
symbol: [ˈrekəndaɪt]
definition: adj. difficult for one of ordinary knowledge to comprehend: abstruse 深奥的/难懂的
sim: 【近】esoteric, hermetic, occult, runic, cryptic
ano: 【反】facile, straightforward, plain
zhuji: 【记】 re反复 + condition 条件，复杂的数学公式反复的有很多条件→深奥；re + 音：看 + dict<br>dictionary字典，(学GRE时)反复看字典→深奥；con + edit 大家一起来编辑(这文章)一下，一个人编辑太深奥了；音: 坑地，坑底，到坑底下隐藏起来，不明显；<br>【另】 abscond 潜逃并隐藏

正面: cogent
symbol: [ˈkoʊdʒənt]
definition: adj. appealing forcibly to the mind or reason: convincing 有说服力的/中肯的
sim: 【近】valid, solid, sound, telling
ano: 【反】ineffective, inefficacious, feeble, impotent, bootless
zhuji: 【记】 音：靠真的，靠真东西，真本事才是令人信服，强有力的；音：考证的，考过资格认证的→有说服力<br>【另】 cog 轮齿(能产生动力）

正面: transient
symbol: [ˈtrænʃnt]
definition: adj. passing especially quickly into and out of existence: transitory 短暂的
sim: 【近】ephemeral, evanescent, fleeting, fugacious, momentary, volatile
ano: 【反】perpetual, perdurable, permanent, substantial
zhuji: 【记】 源自trans 穿越，穿过，越过；音：穿；一个东西穿越一个地方是转瞬即逝的，暂时的，不会在那里长呆的

正面: asperity
symbol: [æˈsperəti]
definition: i.　n. something that is hard to endure: rigor, severity (气候等)严酷/艰苦的条件
ii.　n. roughness of surface: unevenness 粗糙/不平整
iii.　n. roughness of manner or of temper: harshness (性格)粗暴/严厉
sim: 【近】acrimony, acerbity, mordancy, keenness, sharpness
ano: 【反】amenity, suavity, urbanity, courtesy, gallantry
zhuji: 【记】 a不 + prosperity繁荣→不繁荣，不顺利→艰苦；desperate 绝望，亡命的→亡命徒们的特点是粗糙，粗暴，严酷<br>【另】 exasperate（激怒），rasper（激怒人的行为）, severity 严肃, 严重<br>A true friend is one soul in two bodies. 真正的朋友是异体同心。

正面: bombastic
symbol: [bɑːmˈbæstɪk]
definition: adj. marked by or given to pretentious speech or writing: pompous 夸大的
sim: 【近】rhetorical, flatulent, grandiloquent, magniloquent, swollen, overblown

正面: feign
symbol: [feɪn]
definition: v. to give a false appearance of: pretend, dissemble 假装/装作
sim: 【近】assume, affect, bluff, counterfeit, pretend, simulate
zhuji: 【记】 音：粉，抹粉，涂脂抹粉；有些人抹粉是在化装(化妆)，是假装的一张脸

正面: extrapolate
symbol: [ɪkˈstræpəleɪt]
definition: v. to inter or predict by projecting past experience or known data: deduce 推断/推测
zhuji: 【记】 extra 外面的 + poll 民意测验，投票，从外面的民意测验来推测真实的情况；extrac 外面的 +<br>pole 杆，柱子，从柱子的外面(地上的部分)来推测其地下的部分

正面: surfeit
symbol: [ˈsɜːrfɪt]
definition: n. an overabundant supply: excess 过度/过量
sim: 【近】overabundance, overflow, plethora, superfluity, surplus
zhuji: 【记】 sur超 + 音：肥，超肥，因为食物过量；sur 超过 + 音：费的，超过浪费的；

正面: punctilious
symbol: [pʌŋkˈtɪliəs]
definition: adj. concerned about precise accordance with details: careful 细致的/一丝不苟的
sim: 【近】conscientious, fussy, heedful, meticulous, painstaking, punctual, scrupulous
zhuji: 【记】 punctual 严守时刻的, 准时的→谨小慎微<br>【另】 punctual (punct 打孔，有的公司上班出入要打卡来计算机时间)严守时刻的, 准时的

正面: garrulous
symbol: [ˈɡærələs]
definition: adj. given to rambling or tedious loquacity: pointlessly or annoyingly talkative: wordy 啰嗦的
sim: 【近】chatty, loquacious, prolix, verbose, windy
ano: 【反】taciturn, reticent, concise, terse, blunt, brusque, curt
zhuji: 【记】 garr- 聊天；gar- 象声，+ ruler 支配，统治，嘎嘎嘎地来支配别人，真是喋喋不休

正面: intransigent
symbol: [ɪnˈtrænzɪdʒənt]
definition: adj. refusing to compromise or to abandon an extreme attitude: inflexible 固执的/不妥协的
sim: 【近】obstinate, pertinacious, willful
ano: 【反】pliable, yielding, compliant, tractable
zhuji: 【记】 in不 + transact 办理，交易，谈判→不作交易→不谈判不妥协；transigent 可看作transact的变体<br>【另】 transient 短暂的, 瞬时的

正面: retrospect
symbol: [ˈretrəspekt]
definition: i.　n. a review of or meditation on past events 回顾/回想
ii.　v. to refer back: reflect 追溯/回想
sim: 【近】bethink, recall, recollect, reminisce, retain, revive

正面: variance
symbol: [ˈveriəns]
definition: i.　n. the fact, quality, or state of being variable or variant: difference, variation 差异/不一致
ii.　n. the fact or state of being in disagreement: dissension, dispute 分歧/争议
sim: 【近】discord, conflict, contention, dissent, dissidence, strife
zhuji: 【记】 vary 不同

正面: prolific
symbol: [prəˈlɪfɪk]
definition: adj. marked by abundant inventiveness or productivity: fertile 多产的/丰富的
sim: 【近】fecund, fruitful, productive, spawning
ano: 【反】barren, sterile

正面: emend
symbol: [iˈmend]
definition: v. to correct usually by textual alterations 修订/改进
sim: 【近】amend, rectify, emendate, polish, retouch

正面: salubrious
symbol: [səˈluːbriəs]
definition: adj. favorable to or promoting health or well-being: healthful 促进健康的
sim: 【近】hygienic, salutary, salutiferous, wholesome, bracing
ano: 【反】deleterious, injurious, venomous, lethal
zhuji: 【记】 同源于salute 问候，祝福，致意，表示尊敬；人们见面互相问候：您近来身体可好，祝您身体健康，安康；salute 多向人致敬，打招呼，微笑，保持良好心情与朋友关系有益健康

正面: blithe
symbol: [blaɪð]
definition: i.　adj. of a happy lighthearted character or disposition: merry 愉快的/无忧无虑的
ii.　adj. lacking due thought or consideration: casual, heedless 随意的/轻率的
sim: 【近】cheerful, lightsome, sunny, jocund
ano: 【反】atrabilious, morose, melancholy, sullen
zhuji: 【记】 形音类似bliss bless，有了福佑心情就轻快，而且心里不用想事<br>【另】 God bless you 常说的一句话，尤其打喷嚏时会说

正面: mettlesome
symbol: [ˈmetlsəm]
definition: adj. full of courage: spirited, courageous 勇敢的/有活力的
sim: 【近】fiery, gingery, high-hearted, gutsy, plucky

正面: steep
symbol: [stiːp]
definition: i.　adj. mounting or falling precipitously 陡峭的
ii.　adj. being or characterized by a rapid and intensive decline or increase 急速升降的
iii.　adj. extremely or excessively high (要求)过高的/过分的
iv. v. to saturate with or subject thoroughly to: infuse 使充满/浸泡
sim: 【近】imbue, ingrain, inoculate, invest, impregnate, suffuse
zhuji: 【记】 陡峭的崖上掉到海里就是浸泡；deep 深的；dip 浸，沾；

正面: static
symbol: [ˈstætɪk]
definition: i.　adj. showing little change 稳定的/不变的
ii.　adj. standing or fixed in one place: stationary 静态的/停滞的
sim: 【近】stagnant, rigid, sticky, inert
ano: 【反】dynamic, erratic, fluctuating

正面: duplicity
symbol: [duːˈplɪsəti]
definition: n. the belying of one’s true intentions by deceptive words or action: deceit 欺骗/口是心非
sim: 【近】cunning, guile, perfidy, treachery
zhuji: 【记】 duplicate 两面的，表里不一的<br>【另】 complicity 同谋, 共犯<br>Guilty consciences make men cowards.　　做贼心虚。

正面: immaterial
symbol: [ˌɪməˈtɪriəl]
definition: i.　adj. of no substantial consequence: unimportant 不重要的
ii.　adj. not consisting of matter: incorporeal 无形的/非实体的
sim: 【近】irrelevant, extraneous, impertinent, inapposite
zhuji: 【记】 im 不 + material

正面: amorphous
symbol: [əˈmɔːrfəs]
definition: i.　adj. having no definite form: shapeless 不定形的
ii.　adj. lacking organization or unity 无组织的/不一致的
sim: 【近】formless, inchoate, unshaped
zhuji: 【记】 a + morph(形状), a + ph=f, morf=form →无形状的

正面: implicate
symbol: [ˈɪmplɪkeɪt]
definition: i.　v. to involve as a consequence, corollary, or natural inference: imply 暗指/暗示
ii.　v. to bring into intimate or incriminating connection: entangle 使卷入(犯罪行为)/涉及
sim: 【近】involve, mire, enmesh
ano: 【反】absolve, acquit, exculpate, exonerate, vindicate

正面: ponderous
symbol: [ˈpɑːndərəs]
definition: i.　adj. unwieldy or clumsy because of weight and size: heavy 笨重的
ii.　adj. oppressively or unpleasantly dull: lifeless 沉闷的/呆滞的
sim: 【近】dreary, humdrum, monotonous, pedestrian, insipid, vapid
zhuji: 【记】 源自pound 重量单位，音：磅，属于外来语；音：胖得要死→笨重

正面: obsequious
symbol: [əbˈsiːkwiəs]
definition: adj. marked by or exhibiting a fawning attentiveness: subservient 谄媚的/奉承的
sim: 【近】menial, obeisant, servile, deferential, sycophantic, toadying
zhuji: 【记】 ob 不好的 + sequence 随后，跟随，不好地跟随的人→谄媚拍马的<br>【另】 consequence 结果,obsequies 葬礼，obsequious 奉承的,subsequent 后来的, 随后的

正面: discriminate
symbol: [dɪˈskrɪmɪneɪt]
definition: v. to mark or perceive the distinguishing or peculiar features: differentiate 辨别/区分(对待)
sim: 【近】distinguish, extricate, separate
ano: 【反】confound
zhuji: 【记】 dis不 + crime→不去犯罪，要能辨别区分对错

正面: turgid
symbol: [ˈtɜːrdʒɪd]
definition: adj. excessively embellished in style or language: bombastic, pompous 夸张的/浮华的
sim: 【近】inflated, flatulent, tumescent, rhetorical, grandiloquent
zhuji: 【记】 音：托G的，考托考G这几年报考人数增多→浮肿，且呈浮夸风气，考题内容也过于夸张，复杂，华而不实→浮夸；音：特挤，挤得 身上都肿了

正面: impetuous
symbol: [ɪmˈpetʃuəs]
definition: adj. marked by impulsive vehemence or passion: precipitate 冲动的/剧烈的
sim: 【近】abrupt, hasty, headlong, precipitous
zhuji: 【记】 im + pete 寻求, compete 竞争；im 不 + pet 宠物；不象宠物那样乖，温柔，而是猛烈，暴力<br>【另】 compete 竞争， impetus 推动力，促进

正面: adroit
symbol: [əˈdrɔɪt]
definition: adj. showing skill, cleverness, or resourcefulness: dexterous 敏捷的/灵巧的
sim: 【近】deft, handy, nimble, canny
ano: 【反】maladroit, clumsy, inept, awkward, gauche

正面: onerous
symbol: [ˈɑːnərəs]
definition: adj. involving, imposing, or constituting a burden: troublesome 繁重的/艰巨的
sim: 【近】exacting, exigent, grievous, oppressive, taxing
zhuji: 【记】 one 第一 + er 人，想当第一的人需要付出很多艰辛与承担责任的；on + ours 在我们身上的→重担，同onus

正面: proliferate
symbol: [prəˈlɪfəreɪt]
definition: v. to increase in number as if by proliferating: multiply 激增/(像繁殖一样)扩散
sim: 【近】thrive, flourish, boom, bourgeon
zhuji: 【记】 pro前 + life 生命 + ate动词，生命向前→繁殖

正面: venial
symbol: [ˈviːniəl]
definition: adj. meriting no particular censure or notice: excusable, remittable 可原谅的/轻微的
ano: 【反】outrageous, heinous
zhuji: 【记】 音：微量，微谅，微量是细微的,细微可原谅的；音：微扭，不小心撞了她，轻微扭了一下脚<br>，我说对不起，她说这是可以原谅的；

正面: precipitate
symbol: [prɪˈsɪpɪteɪt]
definition: i.　adj. exhibiting violent or unwise speed: hasty 急促的/匆忙的
ii.　v. to bring about especially abruptly: trigger 促成/加快
sim: 【近】abrupt, headlong, impetuous, precipitous
zhuji: 【记】 pre- + cip capital 头，头在前面冲出去，原指掉下去，从悬崖掉下去，头向前引申为急躁<br>【另】 headlong 头向前地, 轻率地

正面: succinct
symbol: [səkˈsɪŋkt]
definition: adj. marked by compact precise expression without wasted words: concise 简洁的
sim: 【近】compendiary, compendious, curt, laconic, terse
ano: 【反】discursive
zhuji: 【记】 suc + cinch 紧握

正面: volatile
symbol: [ˈvɑːlətl]
definition: adj. characterized by or subject to rapid or unexpected change 多变的/不稳定的
sim: 【近】capricious, fickle, mercurial, unstable, protean, variable
zhuji: 【记】 valentine 情人节，爱情总是变化莫测,多变不稳定的；音：乌拉，俄语欢呼 + tile 瓦，欢呼雀跃地能摸到房顶的瓦片，指能飞，象空气，蒸汽般，引申为象气体般多变；volleyball 排球飞起来<br>A poet is born, not made. 诗人乃天成。

正面: piquant
symbol: [ˈpiːkənt]
definition: i.　adj. having a lively arch charm: pungent 活泼的/调皮的
ii.　adj. agreeably stimulating to the palate: spicy 辛辣的/开胃的
sim: 【近】racy, snappy, zesty
ano: 【反】banal, jejune, inane
zhuji: 【记】 音：皮啃，肯肉皮，很好吃，因为有辛辣的的调料；spice 辛辣的香料，去掉s 是pic, c=qu；可能同源于pungent 辛辣的，u=I g=c=qu

正面: sentimental
symbol: [ˌsentɪˈmentl]
definition: adj. having an excess of emotion or sensibility 多愁善感的
sim: 【近】maudlin, mawkish, moist, gushy

正面: artifice
symbol: [ˈɑːrtɪfɪs]
definition: i.　n. false or insincere behavior 虚伪(的行为)
ii.　n. an artful stratagem: trick 策略/计谋
iii.　n. clever or artful skill: ingenuity 巧妙/机智
sim: 【近】cunning, artfulness, slyness, adroitness, shrewdness

正面: founder
symbol: [ˈfaʊndər]
definition: i.　v. to come to grief: fail 失败
ii.　v. to become submerged: sink 沉没
zhuji: 【记】 found 基础，底部，下面；该词指倒下，沉在底部；found + er 找到东西的人，在沉船<br>Titanic找到的<br>【另】 flounder 困难地前进(比founder多个l，木杖撑着)

正面: circumscribe
symbol: [ˈsɜːrkəmskraɪb]
definition: v. to constrict the range or activity of definitely and clearly: limit 限制
sim: 【近】bar, confine, fetter, hamper, trammel, shackle
ano: 【反】amplify, dilate, distend, inflate, swell
zhuji: 【记】 circum 周围 + scribe 写→在.周围画线，限制<br>【另】 ascribe 归功于、归咎于某人, circumscribe 在.周围画线, 限制 ，conscribe 征召，强召入伍<br>，describe描写 记述，inscribe写，刻，记下，prescribe 指示，规定，开处方，proscribe 禁止<br>，scribble乱写，subscribe 赞成，签署，superscribe 将(姓名和住址)写在信封,包裹上,transcribe 转录

正面: impede
symbol: [ɪmˈpiːd]
definition: v. to interfere with or slow the progress of: hinder 阻止/妨碍
sim: 【近】bar, block, brake, obstruct
zhuji: 【记】 im 否定 + ped 脚，足<br>【另】 pedal 脚踏板，脚的，pedestrian 步行者

正面: heterodox
symbol: [ˈhetərədɑːks]
definition: adj. contrary to an acknowledged standard, a traditional form: unconventional 异端的/非正统的
sim: 【近】heretical, dissident, nonconformist, sectarian, unorthodox
zhuji: 【记】 heter- 音：其他，异它 + doc docter博士，电脑中文本文件简写→异类学说，指不被正统认可的学说，早期爱因斯坦相对论或伽利略的日心说，都曾被视为异类 礼勿言，非礼勿动。 <br>【另】 doxology 上帝赞美诗, 颂歌，heterodox 非正统的，orthodox 正统的,paradox 似非而是的论点,看来自相矛盾而可能对的话， heterogeneous 不同种类的

正面: belie
symbol: [bɪˈlaɪ]
definition: i.　v. to run counter to: contradict 与…矛盾/违背
tii.　v. to show to be false or wrong: disprove 证明…为假
iii.　v. to give a false impression of: disguise 掩饰/隐瞒
sim: 【近】mask, cloak, camouflage, veneer, masquerade
ano: 【反】attest, verify
zhuji: 【记】 be + lie 谎言，假 →使假→掩饰，使成国谎言→显示为假

正面: esoteric
symbol: [ˌesəˈterɪk]
definition: adj. requiring knowledge that is restricted to a small Group: recondite (外行人)难懂的
sim: 【近】abstruse, hermetic, occult, profound
zhuji: 【记】 internal 的变体，内部，不外传；es 理解为否定 + oteric (近于out, outer)；exoteric 是external的变体<br>He who lives by the sword shall die by the sword. 玩火者自焚。 <br>【另】 exoteric 外面的, 一般人所能理解的, 公开的, 普通的,

正面: vanguard
symbol: [ˈvænɡɑːrd]
definition: n. the forefront of an action or movement: front 先锋/前卫
sim: 【近】frontline, precursor

正面: antipathy
symbol: [ænˈtɪpəθi]
definition: n. settled aversion or dislike: distaste, enmity 敌意/厌恶
sim: 【近】animosity, animus, antagonism, hostility, rancor
ano: 【反】affection, partiality, predilection, prepossession, attachment
zhuji: 【记】 anti反 + pathy 感情→反感<br>【另】 antipathy (反感情)反感，apathy (无感情)缺乏感情，sympathy (同感情)同情，neuropathy(神经感)精神病，psychopathy(精神感情)精神变态，telepathy (远程感情)心灵感应

正面: precarious
symbol: [prɪˈkeəriəs]
definition: i.　adj. dependent on uncertain premises: dubious 不确定的/可疑的
ii.　adj. characterized by a lack of security or stability that threatens with danger 危险的
sim: 【近】ambiguous, equivocal, indecisive, uncertain
zhuji: 【记】 pre + care 预先小心→因为危险

正面: amiable
symbol: [ˈeɪmiəbl]
definition: adj. being friendly, sociable, and congenial: gracious 和蔼的/亲切的
sim: 【近】complaisant, lenient, mild, obliging
zhuji: 【记】 源自am, amor 爱，友好的字根；am I + able 我是.形容词 我本来就是友好，亲切的；am + I +<br>able 我能够吗？近似May I .? 很友好的说话

正面: apathetic
symbol: [ˌæpəˈθetɪk]
definition: i.　adj. having or showing little or no feeling or emotion: spiritless 冷漠的
ii.　adj. having little or no interest or concern: indifferent 不感兴趣的
sim: 【近】impassive, phlegmatic, stoic, stolid

正面: venal
symbol: [ˈviːnl]
definition: adj. open to corrupt influence and especially bribery: mercenary 贪污的/腐败的
sim: 【近】infamous, nefarious, vicious, ignoble, sordid, unscrupulous
zhuji: 【记】 音：惟诺，惟惟诺诺的人总是赢合上司，最易卷入贪污腐败，所以一贪就是从上到下全贪；音：歪脑，总动歪脑筋，想怎么索贿授贿；governor统治者 go + vernal 不少管理者有这个特点

正面: empathy
symbol: [ˈempəθi]
definition: n. understanding and entering into another’s feelings 同感/共鸣/移情

正面: arrogate
symbol: [ˈærəɡeɪt]
definition: v. to claim or seize without justification: assume 霸占/冒称(所有权)
sim: 【近】appropriate, annex, commandeer, confiscate, preempt, sequester

正面: repudiate
symbol: [rɪˈpjuːdieɪt]
definition: i.　v. to refuse to accept: decline 拒绝
ii.　v. to reject as untrue or unjust: deny 否认/批判
sim: 【近】dismiss, refuse, reprobate, spurn, renounce
ano: 【反】avow, confess, adop
zhuji: 【记】 re反 + pudency 羞怯, 害羞→(女人)不害臊做了不道德的事，就休之；re + 音：扑蝶，古有为恋人化蝶，这反而扑打蝴蝶，这是要抛弃不要配偶的意思

正面: euphoria
symbol: [juːˈfɔːriə]
definition: n. a feeling of well-being or elation 愉快/兴奋
sim: 【近】exaltation, exhilaration, ecstasy, frenzy
zhuji: 【记】 eu 优 + phor 通过，通气，可能近于pore 汗毛孔<br>【另】 diaphoresis 发汗，dysphoria 烦燥，不高兴

正面: melancholy
symbol: [ˈmelənkɑːli]
definition: i.　n. depression of spirits: dejection 忧郁/失落
ii.　adj. causing or tending to cause sadness or depression of mind or spirit: dismal (令人)忧郁的
sim: 【近】doleful, lamentable, lugubrious, mournful, plaintive, rueful, woeful
ano: 【反】cheerful, joyful, lighthearted, gay, vivacious

正面: dilatory
symbol: [ˈdɪlətɔːri]
definition: adj. characterized by procrastination or delaying: tardy 拖沓的/拖延的
sim: 【近】deliberate, laggard, leisurely
ano: 【反】diligent, assiduous, industrious, meticulous
zhuji: 【记】 di双倍 + late 迟到，延迟二倍，拖拖拉拉<br>【另】 delay

正面: hamper
symbol: [ˈhæmpər]
definition: v. to restrict the movement of by bonds or obstacles: impede, encumber 妨碍/束缚
sim: 【近】handicap, hinder, obstruct, frustrate, retard, check
zhuji: 【记】 ham 火腿，后腿 + per (音：跛)→后腿跛，后腿弄跛→妨碍，阻碍<br>【另】 hamburger 汉堡

正面: inane
symbol: [ɪˈneɪn]
definition: adj. lacking significance, meaning, or point: empty, insubstantial 空洞的/无意义的
sim: 【近】insipid, jejune, sapless, vapid
zhuji: 【记】 in 无 + an 一个→一个也没有，什么都没有→空的，

正面: carp
symbol: [kɑːrp]
definition: v. to find fault or complain querulously 挑剔/吹毛求疵
sim: 【近】moan, grumble, grouse, gripe
zhuji: 【记】 carpenter 木匠总是要吹毛求疵，一丝不苟的；看成complain；car + p 音：破，你把车弄破了<br>，你赔<br>【另】 captious 挑剔的

正面: calumny
symbol: [ˈkæləmni]
definition: n. a misrepresentation intended to harm another’s reputation: detraction 诽谤/诋毁
sim: 【近】backstabbing, belittlement, defamation, depreciation, disparagement
ano: 【反】encomium, panegyric, tribute, compliment, eulogy

正面: coda
symbol: [ˈkoʊdə]
definition: n. a concluding or summarizing part: ending 尾声/终曲
zhuji: 【记】 comma是逗号，coda是休止符

正面: forbear
symbol: [fɔːrˈber]
definition: i.　v. to hold oneself back from especially with an effort: abstain (努力地)克制/节制
ii.　v. to control oneself when provoked 忍耐(愤怒)
sim: 【近】forgo, eschew, sacrifice, withhold

正面: prodigal
symbol: [ˈprɑːdɪɡl]
definition: adj. characterized by profuse or wasteful expenditure: lavish 挥霍的/奢侈的
sim: 【近】exuberant, lush, luxuriant, opulent, riotous
ano: 【反】stingy, frugal, thrifty, sparing
zhuji: 【记】 pro支持 + dig + all 石油资源是有限的，有人全挖出来，真是浪费挥霍，不顾子孙后代；pro 支持 + digital 数码，支持数码产品，买电器全买数码的→挥霍<br>【另】 gala 节日，盛会，regal 帝王的，华丽的；

正面: surreptitious
symbol: [ˌsɜːrəpˈtɪʃəs]
definition: adj. done, made, or acquired by stealth: clandestine 秘密的/暗中的
sim: 【近】covert, furtive, stealthy, sneaky
ano: 【反】brazen
zhuji: 【记】 sur sub 下面 + reptile 爬虫，在下面爬的

正面: concur
symbol: [kənˈkɜːr]
definition: i.　v. to express agreement: agree 同意
ii.　v. to act together to a common end or single effect 合作/共事
iii.　v. to happen together: coincide 同时发生/共同起作用
sim: 【近】unite, combine, conjoin, cooperate, league

正面: discretion
symbol: [dɪˈskreʃn]
definition: i.　n. the quality of being discreet: circumspection 谨慎
ii.　n. power of free decision or latitude of choice within certain legal bounds 自主权/自由
iii.　n. ability to make responsible decisions 决断力/(选择的)明智
zhuji: 【记】 dis + creation 无创造力的→谨慎

正面: usurp
symbol: [juːˈzɜːrp]
definition: v. to seize and hold in possession by force or without right: appropriate 篡夺/强占
sim: 【近】arrogate, assume, commandeer, preempt
ano: 【反】abdicate
zhuji: 【记】 源自use + rape 掠夺，强奸，使用掠夺手段占有；use + 音：恶扑，要使用东西，凶恶地扑过来占有

正面: proclivity
symbol: [prəˈklɪvəti]
definition: n. an inclination or predisposition toward something 倾向
sim: 【近】leaning, disposition, penchant, predilection, propensity
zhuji: 【记】 pro- 前 + cliv 倾斜→倾向；inclination 倾斜, 倾向, 爱好<br>【另】 acclivity 向上的斜坡；declivity 下坡，倾斜，proclivity 倾向，偏好

正面: unflappable
symbol: [ˌʌnˈflæpəbl]
definition: adj. marked by assurance and self-control: composed 镇定的/冷静的
sim: 【近】collected, imperturbable, nonchalant, unruffled
zhuji: 【记】 un + flappable 容易兴奋的, 易于烦乱的

正面: prosaic
symbol: [prəˈzeɪɪk]
definition: i.　adj. belonging to or suitable to the everyday world: ordinary 平凡的/普通的
ii.　adj. dull, unimaginative 乏味的/无聊的
sim: 【近】drab, lackluster, lusterless, tedious
zhuji: 【记】 源自prose 散文，散文散文，结构松散，无趣，不象诗那样规整

正面: tendentious
symbol: [tenˈdenʃəs]
definition: adj. marked by a tendency in favor of a particular point of view: biased 有偏见的/有倾向的
sim: 【近】colored, jaundiced, partial, partisan, prejudiced, warped
zhuji: 【记】 tend 倾向，是伸展，延伸的字根<br>【另】 tendency 趋向, 倾向，tend 趋向,照管，attend 参加，contend 竞争，distend 扩大，扩张<br>，extend 延伸，扩张，intend 打算，protend (向前拉)伸出，伸展

正面: discreet
symbol: [dɪˈskriːt]
definition: i.　adj. showing discernment or good judgment in conduct: prudent 谨慎的/小心的
ii.　adj. unobtrusive, unnoticeable 不起眼的/不突出的
sim: 【近】cautious, calculating, chary, circumspect, gingerly, guarded, wary
zhuji: 【记】 dis 否定 + creative 创造性，想象力的, 没有创造性的人是谦虚谨慎，做事理智慎重的；creep 爬<br>，脚踏实地，非常谦虚谨慎认真

正面: unequivocal
symbol: [ˌʌnɪˈkwɪvəkl]
definition: i.　adj. leaving no doubt: clear, unambiguous 明确的/不含糊的
ii.　adj. unquestionable 毋庸置疑的/绝对的
sim: 【近】categorical, positive, incontestable, incontrovertible, indisputable

正面: nonchalant
symbol: [ˌnɑːnʃəˈlɑːnt]
definition: adj. having an air of easy unconcern or indifference: cool 冷淡的/冷静的
sim: 【近】collected, composed, imperturbable, unflappable, unruffled
ano: 【反】anxious, careful, concerned, solicitous
zhuji: 【记】 none + challenge 挑战，没有挑战性就无动于衷，毫不关心

正面: impecunious
symbol: [ˌɪmpɪˈkjuːniəs]
definition: adj. having very little or no money usually habitually: penniless 贫穷的
sim: 【近】destitute, impoverished, indigent, necessitous, penurious
ano: 【反】affluent, flush, prosperous
zhuji: 【记】 im 无 + pecun 钱；im 无 + penny 分钱 没一分钱的<br>【另】 pecuniary 金钱的(pe 音:赔 + cun 音:存，赔与存都是钱)

正面: elaborate adj.
symbol: [ɪˈlæbərət]
definition: i.　adj. planned or carried out with great care 用心(设计)的/精心(制作)的
ii.　adj. marked by complexity, fullness of detail, or ornateness: detailed 详尽的/细致的
iii.　v. to expand something in detail: expound 详细解释
sim: 【近】embellished, ornate; byzantine, intricate, involved, knotty, labyrinthine
zhuji: 【记】 源自e 出 + labor 辛苦劳动出的结果；e 出 + laboratory 实验室 实验室里出来的结果；同学们在实验室里就需要这样特点<br>【另】 labor 劳动

正面: adulation
symbol: [ˌædʒəˈleɪʃn]
definition: n. excessive or slavish admiration or flattery 奉承/谄媚
sim: 【近】blandishment, blarney, incense
ano: 【反】abuse

正面: imbibe
symbol: [ɪmˈbaɪb]
definition: i.　v. to receive into the mind and retain: assimilate 吸收(思想/知识等)/接受
ii.　v. to drink 喝/饮
sim: 【近】absorb, assimilate, incorporate
zhuji: 【记】 im, in + bib 吸水；in + baby 小baby整天只知道吸入，吸奶，吸果汁等；音：饮杯杯，饮水杯<br>【另】 bibulous 饮酒的,吸水的

正面: spurious
symbol: [ˈspjʊriəs]
definition: adj. outwardly similar to something without having its genuine qualities: false 假的/伪造的
sim: 【近】apocryphal, counterfeit, bogus, phony, sham, specious
ano: 【反】authentic, genuine, unaffected
zhuji: 【记】 s死 + pure 纯洁，纯真 + s 死，年纪一大，纯真已死，只余虚假<br>Viture flies from the heart of a mercenary man. 人贪钱财，心无美德。

正面: incense
symbol: [ˈɪnsens]
definition: i.　v. to arouse the extreme anger or indignation of: irritate 激怒
ii.　n. pleasing attention: flattery 奉承/恭敬
sim: 【近】adulation, blandishment, blarney, cajolery
ano: 【反】placate, pacify, conciliate, appease
zhuji: 【记】 cense 用香熏；熏得太呛，激怒<br>【另】 censor 检查，(新闻，电影，书刊)审查, censure 责难

正面: hound
symbol: [haʊnd]
definition: i.　n. a mean or despicable person 卑劣的人
ii.　v. to drive or affect by persistent harassing: bait 使烦恼/使困扰
sim: 【近】badger, bullyrag, heckle, hector

正面: frustrate
symbol: [ˈfrʌstreɪt]
definition: i.　v. to impede or obstruct 挫败/阻碍
ii.　v. to induce feelings of discouragement in 使灰心/打击
sim: 【近】balk, thwart, counteract, hinder, check, halt

正面: countenance
symbol: [ˈkaʊntənəns]
definition: i.　v. to extend approval or toleration to: sanction 支持/赞同/容忍
ii.　n. calm expression or mental composure 镇定(的表情)/沉着
sim: 【近】advocate, approbate, applaud, commend, champion, uphold
zhuji: 【记】 类continence 自制 节制 及contain 容忍

正面: creditable
symbol: [ˈkredɪtəbl]
definition: i.　adj. worthy of belief 可信的
ii.　adj. sufficiently good to bring esteem or praise 名声好的/有声誉的
sim: 【近】respectable, estimable, reputable, reputed

正面: redolent
symbol: [ˈredələnt]
definition: i.　adj. exuding fragrance: aromatic, odorous 芳香的
ii.　adj. serving to bring to mind: evocative 让人想起…的
sim: 【近】reminiscent, remindful, suggestive
zhuji: 【记】 近于odor 气味；red + oil 红油，正红花油是芳香的；red 红色 + olfactory (oil + factory 油厂，味道很大)嗅觉的，红色又有味道的，是红花；

正面: posit
symbol: [ˈpɑːzɪt]
definition: v. to assume or affirm the existence of: postulate 假定/设想
sim: 【近】presuppose, premise, presume
zhuji: 【记】 propose, suppose, dispose + it

正面: salute
symbol: [səˈluːt]
definition: i.　v. to express commendation of: praise 赞扬
ii.　v. to give a sign of respect, courtesy, or goodwill to: greet 致敬/欢迎

正面: noxious
symbol: [ˈnɑːkʃəs]
definition: adj. constituting a harmful or destructive influence: pernicious 有害的/破坏性的
sim: 【近】baneful, deadly, pestiferous, pestilent, pestilential
ano: 【反】innocuous, salutary, sanitary
zhuji: 【记】 近于necr- 死；同nocuous 有害的；熟悉的innocent就是无害的：in 无 + noc-害，<br>【另】 nocuous 有害的, 有毒的，innocent 无害的，清白的, 无罪的, 天真的；toxic(音：毒素) 有毒的

正面: admonish
symbol: [ədˈmɑːnɪʃ]
definition: i.　v. to express warning or disapproval to in a gentle and earnest manner: reprove 警告/告诫
ii.　v. to give friendly earnest advice or encouragement to 建议/忠告
sim: 【近】chide, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, forewarn
zhuji: 【记】 ad + monitor 班长, 监视器，班长监控学生并提出警告<br>【另】 monitor

正面: reservation
symbol: [rezərˈveɪʃn]
definition: i.　n. an unstated doubt preventing one from accepting something wholeheartedly: misgiving 顾虑(因此不愿接受)/不安
ii.　n. the setting of limiting conditions or withholding from complete exposition 保留(意见)
sim: 【近】scruple, qualm, hesitation, compunction

正面: tarnish
symbol: [ˈtɑːrnɪʃ]
definition: v. to dull or destroy the luster of or bring disgrace on: sully, stain 玷污/毁坏/(使)变暗
sim: 【近】contaminate, defile, pollute, stain, taint
zhuji: 【记】 音：踏泥湿，踏上一脚湿泥，变脏→失去光泽；tar焦油 + 音：泥湿，用焦油和湿泥来抹黑<br>【另】 polish 使有光泽 <br>tarpaulin n.防水布,油布<br>【记】 tar 焦油 + 音：袍淋，用焦油涂在袍上淋雨也不怕

正面: unalloyed
symbol: [ˌʌnəˈlɔɪd]
definition: adj. not alloyed or mixed: unqualified, pure 纯粹的/非混合的
sim: 【近】absolute, sheer, unadulterated, undiluted

正面: arcane
symbol: [ɑːrˈkeɪn]
definition: adj. requiring secret or mysterious knowledge: secret 神秘的/晦涩难懂的
sim: 【近】cabalistic, impenetrable, inscrutable, numinous, unaccountable
zhuji: 【记】 看着象archaic，古老的，古老的东西是神秘的；arch + ane； 一个拱门神神秘秘,进去会有什么 <br>?

正面: exposition
symbol: [ˌekspəˈzɪʃn]
definition: i.　n. discourse designed to explain what is difficult to understand 阐述/解释
ii.　n. a public exhibition or show 博览会
sim: 【近】explanation, exegesis, explication, interpretation

正面: churlish
symbol: [ˈtʃɜːrlɪʃ]
definition: i.　adj. difficult to work with or deal with: intractable 难处理的/难对付的
ii.　adj. of, resembling, or characteristic of a rude ill-bred person: vulgar 粗俗的/无礼的
sim: 【近】boorish, cloddish, clownish, coarse, loutish, uncultured, unpolished

正面: celerity
symbol: [sɪˈlerɪtɪ]
definition: n. rapidity of motion or action: alacrity 快速/敏捷
sim: 【近】dispatch, expedition, hustle, swiftness
ano: 【反】sluggishness, lethargy, sloth, indolence

正面: bellicose
symbol: [ˈbelɪkoʊs]
definition: adj. favoring or inclined to start quarrels or wars: belligerent 好战的/喜欢争吵的
sim: 【近】combative, contentious, gladiatorial, pugnacious, truculent
ano: 【反】pacifist, dovish, soothing, conciliatory

正面: fallacy
symbol: [ˈfæləsi]
definition: i.　n. a false or mistaken idea 谬论/谬误
ii.　n. deceptive appearance: deception 幻觉/欺骗
sim: 【近】delusion, equivocation, sophism, speciousness, spuriousness

正面: artful
symbol: [ˈɑːrtfl]
definition: i.　adj. adroit in attaining an end usually by insinuating or indirect means: wily, sly 狡猾的/欺诈的
ii.　adj. using or characterized by art and skill: dexterous 巧妙的/精明的
sim: 【近】astute, crafty, cunning, foxy, guileful, wily

正面: transitory
symbol: [ˈtrænsətɔːri]
definition: adj. of brief duration: temporary, transient 短暂的
sim: 【近】ephemeral, fleeting, fugacious, fugitive, momentary, volatile
zhuji: 【记】 同transient

正面: exhort
symbol: [ɪɡˈzɔːrt]
definition: v. to incite by argument or advice: urge strongly 劝告/敦促
sim: 【近】prod, goad, prompt, propel, spur
ano: 【反】block, deter, impede
zhuji: 【记】 ex + heart 把心都掏出来了，真心劝告；ex 不，出 + hurt 受伤→使不伤，心灵的疗伤，从伤痛中解脱出来→激励，勉励；<br>【另】 hortative，hortatory 两词都是劝告的，鼓励的

正面: succor
symbol: [ˈsʌkər]
definition: v. to go to the aid of: relieve 救援/救助
sim: 【近】assist, comfort, lift, support, nourish
zhuji: 【记】 successive 后续的支援；success 成功取决于援助

正面: paradox
symbol: [ˈpærədɑːks]
definition: n. a self-contradictory statement that at first seems true: contradiction 悖论/自相矛盾的观点
zhuji: 【记】 para- 旁，侧 + dox 理论，说法；音：旁道，旁门左道→看着不对但是可能仍是正确的，行的通的<br>【另】 doxology 上帝赞美诗, 颂歌，heterodox 非正统的，orthodox 正统的,paradox 似非而是的论点,看来自相矛盾而可能对的话，

正面: entice
symbol: [ɪnˈtaɪs]
definition: v. provoke someone to do something through often false promises: tempt 诱惑/怂恿/唆使
sim: 【近】allure, bait, beguile, decoy, lure, seduce, solicit
ano: 【反】alarm, fright, terrify, scare
zhuji: 【记】 音：引他死；ticket 入场券，拿歌星演唱会的入场券来引诱；<br>【另】 tickle 胳肢，使发痒，通过tickle来诱使

正面: unconscionable
symbol: [ʌnˈkɑːnʃənəbl]
definition: i.　adj. not guided or controlled by conscience: unscrupulous 没良心的/厚颜无耻的
ii.　adj. excessive, unreasonable 过分的/不合理的
sim: 【近】exorbitant, extravagant, immoderate, inordinate, undue

正面: pervade
symbol: [pərˈveɪd]
definition: v. to become diffused throughout every part of: permeate 遍布/弥漫
sim: 【近】impregnate, penetrate, percolate, saturate, transfuse
zhuji: 【记】 per through 全部 + vade 走→全部都是，哪都是；<br>【另】 wade 跋涉，费力行走，invade (in + vade)入侵，evade(外 + vade 向外跑) 逃避, 躲避，pervade<br>遍及

正面: waive
symbol: [weɪv]
definition: i.　v. to refrain from pressing or enforcing: forgo 放弃(权利)/不坚持(要求)
ii.　v. to put off from immediate consideration: postpone 搁置/推迟
sim: 【近】defer, delay, shelve, suspend

正面: congenial
symbol: [kənˈdʒiːniəl]
definition: i.　adj. existing or associated together harmoniously 和谐的/友善的
ii.　adj. having the same nature, disposition, or tastes: kindred 相似的
sim: 【近】amicable, consonant, agreeable, compatible, congruous
zhuji: 【记】 genial友好的 generation；genius 天才肯定生活在适合生长的环境里

正面: boorish
symbol: [ˈbʊrɪʃ]
definition: adj. rude and insensitive: uncouth 粗野的/粗俗的
sim: 【近】churlish, cloddish, clownish, loutish, lowbred, rugged
ano: 【反】cultivated, refined, suave, urbane, courteous, genteel

正面: imminent
symbol: [ˈɪmɪnənt]
definition: adj. ready to take place: incoming 即将到来的/迫近的
sim: 【近】impending, proximate, approaching, brewing, pending

正面: languish
symbol: [ˈlæŋɡwɪʃ]
definition: v. to be or become feeble, weak, or enervated: decline 衰弱/枯萎/受苦/受折磨
sim: 【近】deteriorate, enfeeble, fade, flag, weaken
zhuji: 【记】 language 学语言(英语，GRE)学得都憔悴了；可能来自langu- 舌头，语言，因为舌头是无力的；音：懒鬼

正面: pliant
symbol: [ˈplaɪənt]
definition: i.　adj. supple enough to bend freely without breaking: pliable 易受影响的/能适应的
ii.　adj. easily influenced: yielding 顺从的
sim: 【近】plastic, ductile, malleable, moldable, supple
zhuji: 【记】 同pliable；compliant 顺从的, 适应的

正面: aberrant
symbol: [æˈberənt]
definition: adj. deviating from the right or normal way: abnormal 异常的/反常的
sim: 【近】anomalous, atypical, deviant, heteroclite, preternatural
zhuji: 【记】 ab + error 错误 →走错→越轨的

正面: arbiter
symbol: [ˈɑːrbɪtər]
definition: n. a person or agency whose judgment or opinion is considered authoritative 权威人士/裁决者

正面: eulogy
symbol: [ˈjuːlədʒi]
definition: n. a commendatory oration or writing especially in honor of the deceased: encomium 颂词/悼词
sim: 【近】citation, panegyric, salutation, tribute
ano: 【反】vilification

正面: vexation
symbol: [vekˈseɪʃn]
definition: n. the act of harassing or worrying: troubling 烦扰/困扰
sim: 【近】aggravation, exasperation, irking, provocation

正面: culpable
symbol: [ˈkʌlpəbl]
definition: adj. meriting condemnation or blame as wrong or harmful: blameworthy 有罪的/应受惩罚的
sim: 【近】amiss, censurable, reprehensible, sinful, unholy
zhuji: 【记】 capture 抓住 captive 被俘的 + ble 可抓的→应该抓住的→有罪的；音：可怕吧→被定为有罪很可怕<br>【另】 culprit 被控罪的人，问题的根源；exculpate无罪释放 inculpate 使有罪，控告

正面: jubilant
symbol: [ˈdʒuːbɪlənt]
definition: adj. filled with or expressing great joy or triumph: exultant 愉快的/欢呼的
sim: 【近】exulting, ecstatic, euphoric, triumphal, triumphant
zhuji: 【记】 音: 卓别林，卓别林给人们带来喜悦与欢呼；job + ill 工作时病了→可以不上班休息白拿钱了→欢呼

正面: palatable
symbol: [ˈpælətəbl]
definition: adj. agreeable or acceptable to the taste or the mind 美味的/宜人的
sim: 【近】appetizing, flavorsome, gusty, relishing, sapid, savory
zhuji: 【记】 palate 口味 + ble

正面: foolhardy
symbol: [ˈfuːlhɑːrdi]
definition: adj. foolishly adventurous and bold: rash 草率的/鲁莽的
sim: 【近】audacious, daredevil, reckless, temerarious, venturous
ano: 【反】chary, circumspect, wary, discreet, judicious, prudent

正面: consonant
symbol: [ˈkɑːnsənənt]
definition: adj. being in agreement or harmony: free from discord: consistent 一致的/和谐的
sim: 【近】accordant, concurrent, agreeable, compatible, congruous
ano: 【反】discrepant
zhuji: 【记】 con 一起 + sona, 声音，song→声音在一起，一起唱歌→和谐<br>【另】 sonar 声纳

正面: chastise
symbol: [tʃæˈstaɪz]
definition: i.　v. to censure severely: castigate 批评/责骂
ii.　v. to inflict punishment on: punish 惩罚
sim: 【近】discipline

正面: recapitulate
symbol: [ˌriːkəˈpɪtʃuleɪt]
definition: v. to restate briefly: summarize 概括/摘要
sim: 【近】epitomize, sum, recap

正面: importune
symbol: [ˌɪmpɔːrˈtuːn]
definition: v. to beg, urge, or solicit persistently or troublesomely 强求/反复纠缠
sim: 【近】appeal, beseech, entreat, implore, plead, supplicate
zhuji: 【记】 important + tune 重要曲目，(歌迷)不断地急切请求要唱；import 不断要求进口，太需要了

正面: puissant
symbol: [ˈpwisɑnt]
definition: adj. having strength or power: powerful 强大的/有权势的
sim: 【近】forceful, mighty, potent, commanding, ruling

正面: rash
symbol: [ræʃ]
definition: adj. marked by undue haste or lack of deliberation or caution: adventurous 轻率的/鲁莽的
sim: 【近】brash, ill-advised, madcap, reckless, impetuous, impulsive
ano: 【反】cautious, considerate, wary, circumspect, chary, level-headed
zhuji: 【记】 rush

正面: indulge
symbol: [ɪnˈdʌldʒ]
definition: i.　v. to take unrestrained pleasure in: gratify 沉溺于/放纵于
ii.　v. to treat with excessive leniency, generosity, or consideration: humor 迁就/纵容/溺爱
sim: 【近】cater to, regale, cosset, coddle, pamper, spoil

正面: scrupulous
symbol: [ˈskruːpjələs]
definition: i.　adj. having moral integrity: strict about what is considered proper: conscientious 正直的
ii.　adj. punctiliously exact: painstaking 细心的/精确的
sim: 【近】conscionable, fussy, heedful, meticulous, punctilious
zhuji: 【记】 sculp 雕刻时是谨慎小心的，每刻一刀都很细心

正面: credulous
symbol: [ˈkredʒələs]
definition: adj. ready to believe especially on slight or uncertain evidence 轻信的
sim: 【近】naive, unsophisticated, dupable, gullible
ano: 【反】suspicious, skeptical, distrustful
zhuji: 【记】 cred + ulous 多的，易，极其的 易于相信

正面: elicit
symbol: [iˈlɪsɪt]
definition: v. to draw forth or bring out: educe 引起/引出
sim: 【近】evince, evoke, extort, extract
ano: 【反】eschew, forego, abandon
zhuji: 【记】 e 出 + licit 法律，出离法律→受到引诱造成；可能同源于delicious 美味的，都有诱人之意<br>【另】 licit(legal, c=g, licence) 合法的，illicit 违法的，educe 导出, 引出，allure 吸引

正面: exasperate
symbol: [ɪɡˈzæspəreɪt]
definition: v. to excite the anger or annoyance of: enrage, irritate 激怒
sim: 【近】aggravate, gall, nettle, peeve, pique, rile, roil
ano: 【反】appease, mollify
zhuji: 【记】 ex + asperity 待人粗暴能激怒别人<br>【另】 desperate 绝望的

正面: serene
symbol: [səˈriːn]
definition: adj. marked by or suggestive of utter calm and unruffled repose or quietude 平静的/安详的
sim: 【近】collected, composed, placid, poised, tranquil
ano: 【反】agitated, disquieted, upset

正面: stigma
symbol: [ˈstɪɡmə]
definition: n. a mark of shame or discredit: stain 耻辱/污点
sim: 【近】besmirchment, disfigurement, smudge, smutch, taint, disgrace
zhuji: 【记】 stick + mark 用棍子戳一个mark，比如用烧红的铁棍给犯人脸上戳个印

正面: indignation
symbol: [ˌɪndɪɡˈneɪʃn]
definition: n. anger aroused by something unjust, unworthy, or mean 愤怒
sim: 【近】fury, ire, rage, wrath

正面: sanctimonious
symbol: [ˌsæŋktɪˈmoʊniəs]
definition: adj. hypocritically or excessively pious or devout: hypocritical 假正经的/装虔诚的
sim: 【近】canting, pharisaical, self-righteous

正面: foment
symbol: [foʊˈment]
definition: v. to promote the growth or development of: rouse, incite 煽动/挑起
sim: 【近】abet, instigate, provoke, stir, whip, goad, spur
ano: 【反】quell, repress, suppress
zhuji: 【记】 音：敷闷→热敷，象form 形成，热敷促使形成

正面: presage
symbol: [ˈpresɪdʒ]
definition: v. to give an omen or prediction of: foreshadow 预示…的到来/预言
sim: 【近】augur, forebode, portend, harbinger, herald, prefigure, prognosticate
zhuji: 【记】 pre + sage 智者，圣人→提前就知世事的圣人；sage 汉语拼音象：先知<br>【另】 prophetic 预言的

正面: excoriate
symbol: [ˌeksˈkɔːrieɪt]
definition: i.　v. to wear off the skin of: abrade 磨损/擦伤
ii.　v. to censure scathingly 批评/责难
sim: 【近】lambaste, castigate, scarify, scathe, scourge
zhuji: 【记】 ex 去，出 + corium 真皮，将皮去掉；ex + core 核心，将核心弄出得撕去皮；把某人皮都能扒掉一层→严厉批评<br>【另】 corium 真皮，皮肤

正面: disenfranchise
symbol: [ˌdɪsɪnˈfræntʃaɪz]
definition: v. to deprive of a franchise, of a legal right, or of some privilege or immunity 剥夺(…的权利)
sim: 【近】marginalize, exclude, subjugate, disqualify

正面: torpid
symbol: [ˈtɔːrpɪd]
definition: i.　adj. lacking in energy or vigor: dull 不活泼的/无生气的
ii.　adj. sluggish in functioning or acting 迟钝的/缓慢的
sim: 【近】apathetic, lethargic, listless, slumberous
ano: 【反】vigorous, vital, spirited
zhuji: 【记】 音：拖疲的，疲劳不想动；音：逃避的，逃避现实的人是懒散的，不主动积极；stopped 停住不动了，

正面: colloquial
symbol: [kəˈloʊkwiəl]
definition: adj. used in familiar and unacceptably informal conversation: vernacular 口语的/通俗的

正面: patronize
symbol: [ˈpeɪtrənaɪz]
definition: i.　v. to act as patron of: provide aid or support for 资助/支持
ii.　v. to adopt an air of condescension toward: treat haughtily or coolly 傲慢地对待

正面: unseemly
symbol: [ʌnˈsiːmli]
definition: adj. not according with established standards of good taste: indecorous 不得体的/不合适的
sim: 【近】indelicate, malodorous, unbecoming, untoward
ano: 【反】prim, restrained, gracious, polished, refined

正面: extol
symbol: [ɪkˈstoʊl]
definition: v. to praise highly: glorify 赞颂
sim: 【近】celebrate, eulogize, hymn, laud, magnify, panegyrize
ano: 【反】decry, deprecate, belittle, disparage, denounce
zhuji: 【记】 ex + tall 把你捧高；ex 出 + tolerant 出于忍耐，我一直赞美你(实际上已经忍你很久了.)；ex 出+ toll 通行费，交出通行费，还高度赞美，那只是为了出关而不得已；

正面: subvert
symbol: [səbˈvɜːrt]
definition: v. to overturn or overthrow from the foundation: ruin 推翻/颠覆
sim: 【近】sabotage, undermine, wreck, overthrow, demolish
zhuji: 【记】 sub vert 下边翻转

正面: largess
symbol: [lɑːrˈdʒes]
definition: n. liberal giving to or as if to an inferior: generosity 慷慨(的赠予)
sim: 【近】munificence, bounty, liberality, charity

正面: vanquish
symbol: [ˈvæŋkwɪʃ]
definition: v. to overcome in battle: subdue completely: conquer 征服/击败
sim: 【近】crush, defeat, overpower, subdue, subjugate
zhuji: 【记】 victor 胜利者；van 货车，先锋 + quash 镇压，开着战车战胜<br>【另】 quench 结束，熄灭

正面: probity
symbol: [ˈproʊbəti]
definition: n. adherence to the highest principles and ideals: uprightness 正直/品行端正
sim: 【近】morality, rectitude, integrity, righteousness, virtue
zhuji: 【记】 probe it 探测它，深海探测是向深海垂放一个探测仪，这个探测仪是正直地垂在海里的

正面: aggregate v.
symbol: [ˈæɡrɪɡeɪt]
definition: i.　v. to collect or gather into a mass or whole 集合/聚合
ii.　n. the whole sum or amount 合计/集合体
iii.　adj. formed by the collection of units into a body, mass, or amount: collective 集合的/合计的
sim: 【近】agglomerate, conglomerate
zhuji: 【记】 greg 群；gre + gate GRE的大门口聚集着很多人，都想通过这道关<br>【另】 aggregate 聚集，congregate 聚集，egregious 超群的(distinguished)，gregarious 群居的, segregate<br>隔离(separate)

正面: perpetuate
symbol: [pərˈpetʃueɪt]
definition: v. to make permanent or cause to last indefinitely 保持/使不朽/使持续
sim: 【近】eternalize, eternize, immortalize, conserve, preserve
ano: 【反】annihilate, erase, expunge, obliterate

正面: incriminate
symbol: [ɪnˈkrɪmɪneɪt]
definition: v. to charge with or show evidence or proof of involvement in a crime or fault 起诉/控告
sim: 【近】accuse, criminate, impeach, inculpate, indict
ano: 【反】exonerate, exculpate, absolve
zhuji: 【记】 in 内 + crime 犯罪，把卷入犯罪

正面: salutary
symbol: [ˈsæljəteri]
definition: i.　adj. promoting health: curative 有益健康的
ii.　adj. producing a beneficial effect: remedial 有益的/有好处的
sim: 【近】healthful, hygienic, salubrious, salutiferous, wholesome, tonic
ano: 【反】debilitating, enfeebling, weakening, deleterious
zhuji: 【记】 同源于salute 问候，祝福，致意，表示尊敬；人们见面互相问候：您近来身体可好，祝您身体健康，安康；salute 多向人致敬，打招呼，微笑，保持良好心情与朋友关系有益健康

正面: denote
symbol: [dɪˈnoʊt]
definition: v. to serve as an indication of: betoken, mean 表示/意味着

正面: exuberant
symbol: [ɪɡˈzuːbərənt]
definition: i.　adj. produced in extreme abundance: plentiful 丰富的/大量的
ii.　adj. joyously unrestrained and enthusiastic: flamboyant 纵情的/热情洋溢的
sim: 【近】brash, ebullient, effervescent, vivacious, zestful
ano: 【反】austere, constrained, inhibited, repressed, subdued
zhuji: 【记】 来自uber 乳房；ex 出 + urban 城市，出了市区后，植物茂盛，物产丰富，人也是热心而喜悦(不象城市人，冷漠而忧虑)<br>【另】 udder (牛、羊等的)乳房，exurb 城市远郊

正面: champion
symbol: [ˈtʃæmpiən]
definition: v. to act as militant supporter of: uphold, advocate 支持/拥护
sim: 【近】advocate, backstop, side with, uphold
ano: 【反】withstand, condemn, denounce, combat
zhuji: 【记】 camp 野营,营地 + pioneer先锋；音:铲拼,又铲又拼抢的得了足球世界杯冠军；champagne 爱喝香槟的是冠军,比如汽车冠军接力塞;

正面: dearth
symbol: [dɜːrθ]
definition: n. an inadequate supply: lack 缺乏/不足
sim: 【近】privation, want, scarcity, exiguousness, meagerness, scanty, paucity
ano: 【反】excess, superfluity, surplus, lavishness, prodigality, profusion
zhuji: 【记】 dear 珍贵 + 音：死，珍贵死了，极珍贵的东西，因为少，物以稀为贵

正面: sordid
symbol: [ˈsɔːrdɪd]
definition: i.　adj. dirty or filthy 肮脏的/污秽的
ii.　adj. marked by baseness or grossness: vile 卑鄙的/恶劣的
iii.　adj. meanly avaricious: covetous 贪婪的
sim: 【近】despicable, ignoble, mean, scurvy, wretched
zhuji: 【记】 音：扫地的，地上很脏，颜色是灰的；音：臊的, 臭臊的，腥臊的，像尿一样肮脏；

正面: illicit
symbol: [ɪˈlɪsɪt]
definition: adj. not permitted: unlawful 违法的
sim: 【近】criminal, illegal, illegitimate, wrongful

正面: circumvent
symbol: [ˌsɜːrkəmˈvent]
definition: v. to manage to get around especially by ingenuity or stratagem: bypass 绕行/回避
sim: 【近】skirt, sidestep, circumnavigate, detour
zhuji: 【记】 circum + went(go过去时)→转着走；法网恢恢，疏而不漏 circum + vent 四面(circum)虽然疏且有空(vent)，但是谁也逃不出去；

正面: bridle
symbol: [ˈbraɪdl]
definition: v. to restrain, check, or control with or as if with a bridle 控制/束缚/阻止
sim: 【近】check, constrain, curb, inhibit, withhold
zhuji: 【记】 bride 新娘，一结婚就等于新娘给新郎戴上笼头；音：被 ride 骑，被人骑就是被控制，上了马笼头<br>【另】 braid

正面: mitigate
symbol: [ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt]
definition: v. to make less severe or painful: alleviate, mollify 缓和/缓解
sim: 【近】relieve, allay, alleviate, assuage, palliate, extenuate
ano: 【反】aggravate, augment, increase, intensify
zhuji: 【记】 miti 少 + ate 减少； 　MIT + I + gate　到了MIT门口想，终于来了，心放下了，减轻了许多

正面: enormity
symbol: [ɪˈnɔːrməti]
definition: i.　n. an outrageous, improper, vicious, or immoral act 罪行/残暴(的行为)
ii.　n. the quality or state of being huge: immensity 巨大/广泛/深远
sim: 【近】enormousness, magnitude, tremendousness, vastness
ano: 【反】diminutiveness, minuteness, tininess, triviality

正面: opprobrium
symbol: [əˈproʊbriəm]
definition: i.　n. public disgrace or ill fame that follows from conduct considered grossly wrong 耻辱/骂名
ii.　n. contempt, reproach 鄙视/咒骂
sim: 【近】ignominy, infamy, obloquy, odium, disesteem

正面: implausible
symbol: [ɪmˈplɔːzəbl]
definition: adj. not reasonable: provoking disbelief 难以置信的/不合理的

正面: ingenuous
symbol: [ɪnˈdʒenjuəs]
definition: adj. showing innocent or childlike simplicity and candidness 坦白的/朴实的/天真的
sim: 【近】artless, naive, unaffected, unschooled
ano: 【反】covert, furtive, surreptitious, underhand, guileful, sly
zhuji: 【记】 genuine 真实的；源自generate，产生，出生；刚出生的小孩是单纯的；in + genuous 真牛哟死；MM对我说，你真牛呕，牛死了→她太单纯<br>【另】 ingenious 是吉尼斯(音)纪录的天才，ingenuity 音也象真牛，但是没有真牛呕死

正面: eccentric
symbol: [ɪkˈsentrɪk]
definition: adj. deviating from conventional conduct in odd or whimsical ways: strange 古怪的/反常的
sim: 【近】curious, erratic, idiosyncratic, odd, peculiar, queer
zhuji: 【记】 ec 出 + center 中心→离开中心→古怪的

正面: tempered
symbol: [ˈtempərd]
definition: adj. lessened or diluted by the mixture of additional ingredients: moderated 缓和的/温和的
sim: 【近】restrained, diluted, softened, pacified

正面: refulgence
symbol: [rɪˈfʌldʒəns]
definition: n. a radiant or resplendent quality or state: brilliance 辉煌/灿烂
sim: 【近】beam, effulgence, incandescence, luster, radiance

正面: manifest
symbol: [ˈmænɪfest]
definition: i.　adj. easily understood or recognized by the mind: obvious, evident 显然的/明白的
ii.　v. to make evident or certain by showing or displaying: show 表明/显示
sim: 【近】demonstrate, evince, exhibit, mark, proclaim
ano: 【反】implicit, obscure
zhuji: 【记】 man + feast festival 盛宴，节日 男人在节日时会买一清单的货回家，通常选在节日时表白自己<br>，表明自己的(爱情)宣言

正面: reprove
symbol: [rɪˈpruːv]
definition: v. to express disapproval of: censure 谴责/责骂
sim: 【近】admonish, chide, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, reprehend
zhuji: 【记】 re 反 + prove 证明，证实；approve (赞成，支持)的反意<br>【另】 disapprove 不赞成，disprove 反驳, 证明是错的

正面: plumb
symbol: [plʌm]
definition: i.　adj. exactly vertical or true: perpendicular 垂直的
ii.　v. to examine minutely and critically (仔细地)探索/探究
zhuji: 【记】 音：扑啷，乓啷，乓啷一声，扔下一个铅锤，b象个铅锤系着钱，或是ball的开头字母；原指用铅锤测量，探测；

正面: censor
symbol: [ˈsensər]
definition: v. to examine in order to suppress or delete anything considered objectionable 审查/删减
sim: 【近】bowdlerize, expurgate, screen, purify
zhuji: 【记】 音：审视；sensor, sense 感觉，判断力,理性 + or者，感觉并做出判断者看看是不是make sense

正面: reticent
symbol: [ˈretɪsnt]
definition: adj. inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in speech: reserved 沉默的/内敛的
sim: 【近】taciturn, cagey, discreet, inhibited, reserved
ano: 【反】garrulous, chatty, loquacious, voluble
zhuji: 【记】 re + tacit 沉默的，默许的；re反复 + 音：叹息，不停叹息→静默

正面: impugn
symbol: [ɪmˈpjuːn]
definition: v. to assail by words or arguments: oppose or attack as false or lacking integrity 指责/反驳
sim: 【近】contradict, contravene, gainsay, negate, traverse
ano: 【反】advocate, authenticate, uphold
zhuji: 【记】 pugn- 攻击；音：砰，抨，抨击<br>【另】 pugnacious 好斗的，pungent (气味、味道)刺激性的, 辛辣的, 尖锐的, 苦痛的, 严厉的

正面: artless
symbol: [ˈɑːrtləs]
definition: i.　adj. free from artificiality: natural 自然的/不做作的
ii.　adj. free from guile or craft: sincerely simple 坦率的/真诚的
ano: 【反】affected, cunning, sly, calculating, scheming, insincere

正面: temperance
symbol: [ˈtempərəns]
definition: n. moderation in action, thought, or feeling: restraint 节制/克己
ano: 【反】radicalness, extremeness, excess

正面: epitome
symbol: [ɪˈpɪtəmi]
definition: i.　n. a typical or ideal example: embodiment 象征/典范
ii.　n. a brief presentation or statement of something: summary 总结/摘要
sim: 【近】abstract, recapitulation, sum, synopsis

正面: impeccable
symbol: [ɪmˈpekəbl]
definition: adj. free from fault or blame: flawless 完美的
sim: 【近】exquisite, immaculate, irreproachable, infallible
ano: 【反】defective, deficient, faulty, culpable
zhuji: 【记】 im 无 + peck 吹毛求疵；im peck 啄，woodpecker(啄木鸟)找有洞的树啄，无法啄的因为没有洞<br>，没瑕疵可啄<br>【另】 peck 啄, 吹毛求疵，woodpecker 啄木鸟

正面: industrious
symbol: [ɪnˈdʌstriəs]
definition: adj. constantly, regularly, or habitually active or occupied: diligent 勤勉的
sim: 【近】assiduous, operose, sedulous, persevering
ano: 【反】indolent, slothful, idle, lethargic, sluggish
zhuji: 【记】 象工人一样的勤劳

正面: misconstrue
symbol: [ˌmɪskənˈstruː]
definition: v. to interpret in the wrong way: misunderstand 误解/曲解
zhuji: 【记】 mis + construe解释

正面: unanimous
symbol: [juˈnænɪməs]
definition: adj. formed with or indicating agreement: having the consent of all 一致的/共识的/没有异议的
sim: 【近】consentaneous, consentient, solid, concordant, concurrent
zhuji: 【记】 源自uni 一 + animous 想法，一个想法；un + animous 无态度，没有恶意(反对)的<br>【另】 animus 态度，恶意

正面: versed
symbol: [vɜːrst]
definition: adj. acquainted or familiar through close association, study, or experience 熟练的/精通的
sim: 【近】practiced, seasoned, veteran, competent, au courant, versant
zhuji: 【记】 verse 转，玩得转的

正面: insipid
symbol: [ɪnˈsɪpɪd]
definition: i.　adj. lacking taste or savor: tasteless 清淡的/没有味道的
ii.　adj. lacking in qualities that interest, stimulate, or challenge: dull, flat 乏味的/无趣的
sim: 【近】banal, bland, inane, innocuous, jejune, sapless, vapid
ano: 【反】sapid, piquant, pungent, racy, gingery, spirited, provocative
zhuji: 【记】 in 不 + sip 吸吮→不好吸的→乏味的<br>【另】 sip(吸吮)音：吸噗，吸啤(酒)，吸葡(萄洒)，吸品，吸一口茶品一品

正面: ebullience
symbol: [ɪˈbʌliəns]
definition: n. the quality of lively or enthusiastic expression of feelings: exuberance 热情奔放/沸腾
sim: 【近】buoyancy, effervescence, animation, vitality, exhilaration, ferment

正面: renege
symbol: [rɪˈniːɡ]
definition: i.　v. to go back on a promise or commitment 食言/违背(约定)
ii.　v. to deny or renounce 否认
zhuji: 【记】 源自re + negate 否定

正面: commiserate
symbol: [kəˈmɪzəreɪt]
definition: v. to feel or express sympathy: console 同情/对…表示怜悯
sim: 【近】compassionate, pity, sympathize
zhuji: 【记】 com + miserable 痛苦可怜+ate→共同可怜→同情<br>【另】 miserable

正面: trenchant
symbol: [ˈtrentʃənt]
definition: i.　adj. sharply perceptive: keen 敏锐的/犀利的
ii.　adj. harsh or corrosive in tone: caustic 尖酸的/刻薄的
sim: 【近】mordacious, mordant, salty, scathing, scalding, scorching
zhuji: 【记】 trench 挖沟 + chant 说，唱；说话象挖沟一样，能一下挖到重点上；音：唇齿，张开嘴唇牙齿<br>，一咬见血

正面: nominal
symbol: [ˈnɑːmɪnl]
definition: adj. being something in name or form only: trifling, insignificant 名义上的/(实际上)没地位的
zhuji: 【记】 源自name, o=a 元音互换

正面: squelch
symbol: [skweltʃ]
definition: i.　v. to completely suppress: quell 镇压/消除
ii.　v. to fall or stamp on so as to crush 压碎/击碎
sim: 【近】muffle, repress, shush, strangle
zhuji: 【记】 近于squash(a=el, sh=ch) 或crush；中间是quel，quell 镇压；quench 结束, 熄灭，平息

正面: deprecate
symbol: [ˈdeprəkeɪt]
definition: i.　v. to express disapproval of 反对/抨击
ii.　v. to play down: belittle, disparage 轻视/看不起
sim: 【近】discommend, discountenance, disfavor, frown, object
ano: 【反】commend, accredit, endorse, sanction, approbate, countenance
zhuji: 【记】 源自pray 祈祷，de 不好 + pray 祝祷告某人不好，就是说人不好的话；de反 + appreciate 赏识<br>【另】 imprecate 诅咒(否定 + pray 是念咒咒某人，更不好)

正面: enamor
symbol: [ɪnˈæmər]
definition: v. to cause to feel a strong or excessive interest or fascination 使迷恋/使陶醉
sim: 【近】infatuate, bewitch, captivate, enchant, entrance

正面: winsome
symbol: [ˈwɪnsəm]
definition: adj. generally pleasing and engaging often because of a childlike charm and innocence 迷人的
sim: 【近】dulcet, engaging, winning
zhuji: 【记】 win some 能赢得他人心的

正面: compunction
symbol: [kəmˈpʌŋkʃn]
definition: n. anxiety or regret rising from awareness of guilt: qualm 后悔/焦虑/不安
sim: 【近】penitence, attrition, contrition, penance, remorse, repentance, rue
zhuji: 【记】 com + puncture (心里)被很多针一起扎的感觉→懊悔<br>【另】 acupuncture 针灸，expunction 消除，消灭，venipuncture 静脉穿刺

正面: incisive
symbol: [ɪnˈsaɪsɪv]
definition: adj. impressively direct and decisive 锐利的/深刻的
sim: 【近】biting, crisp, penetrating, trenchant, sharp
ano: 【反】diffuse, prolix, verbose, wordy

正面: aggrandize
symbol: [əˈɡrænˌdaɪz]
definition: i.　v. to make great or greater: enlarge 增加/扩大
ii.　v. to enhance the power, wealth, position, or reputation of: exalt 赞美/推崇
sim: 【近】dignify, distinguish, ennoble, erect, glorify, magnify, sublime
ano: 【反】belittle, disparage, decry, depreciate
zhuji: 【记】 ag + grand 盛大，大 +ize→增大

正面: bleak
symbol: [bliːk]
definition: i.　adj. not hopeful or encouraging: depressing 惨淡的/没有希望的
ii.　adj. lacking in warmth, life, or kindliness: grim (气候)严寒的/冷酷的
sim: 【近】austere, dour, harsh, stringent

正面: parsimonious
symbol: [ˌpɑːrsəˈmoʊniəs]
definition: adj. frugal to the point of stinginess 吝啬的/过于节俭的
sim: 【近】stingy, miserly, niggardly, penurious, tightfisted
ano: 【反】prodigal, profligate, spendthrift, extravagant
zhuji: 【记】 读：怕死money ious，害怕钱死掉了－吝啬的

正面: glib
symbol: [ɡlɪb]
definition: i.　adj. lacking depth and substance: superficial 肤浅的
ii.　adj. easy and fluent in speaking to the point of being insincere or deceitful 油嘴滑舌的/欺骗的
sim: 【近】vocative, voluble, articulate, eloquent, vocal
zhuji: 【记】 glide 滑动 + b 冰，象滑冰般表面上轻松平滑；glib也是滑，只是形容说话圆滑，油嘴滑舌；slip<br>滑，滑倒<br>【另】 slip 滑动，滑倒

正面: solicitous
symbol: [səˈlɪsɪtəs]
definition: i.　adj. full of concern or fears: concerned 挂念的/担心的
ii.　adj. meticulously careful: attentive 细心的/讲究的
sim: 【近】anxious, appetent, ardent, avid, keen
zhuji: 【记】 指solicit的人的内心，恳求的人是热切的

正面: discordant
symbol: [dɪsˈkɔːrdənt]
definition: adj. being at variance: disagreeing 不一致的/不和谐的
sim: 【近】frictional, dissenting, jarring, dissonant
ano: 【反】concordant, harmonious, accordant, congruous

正面: unremitting
symbol: [ˌʌnrɪˈmɪtɪŋ]
definition: adj. not remitting: constant, incessant 持续不断的/坚持不懈的
sim: 【近】continual, ceaseless, everlasting, interminable, perpetual
zhuji: 【记】 un 不，remit（v.缓和；推迟），ting：坚持不懈的

正面: thrifty
symbol: [ˈθrɪfti]
definition: i.　adj. given to or marked by economy and good management: frugal, sparing 节约的/精简的
ii.　adj. thriving by industry and frugality: prosperous 繁荣的/茂盛的
sim: 【近】flourishing, booming, robust, blooming, burgeoning

正面: robust
symbol: [roʊˈbʌst]
definition: i.　adj. having or showing vigor, strength, or firmness: sturdy 强健的/健康的
ii.　adj. rough, rude 粗鲁的/粗野的
sim: 【近】concentrated, lusty, potent, vigorous
zhuji: 【记】 robot 机器人，象机器人一样壮；音：累不死<br>【另】 roborant 增强体力的

正面: untoward
symbol: [ʌnˈtɔːrd]
definition: i.　adj. difficult to guide, manage, or work with: unruly 倔强的
ii.　adj. not favorable: adverse, unpropitious 不利的/困难的
sim: 【近】fractious, indocile, intractable, recalcitrant
zhuji: 【记】 un + toward 向, 对于, 有希望的, 有利的，温顺的；未向理想的方向走

正面: laconic
symbol: [ləˈkɑːnɪk]
definition: adj. concise to the point of seeming rude or mysterious 过于简洁(以至于粗鲁)的
sim: 【近】compendiary, compendious, curt, succinct, terse, brusque
ano: 【反】garrulous, glib, loquacious, verbose, wordy
zhuji: 【记】 lack + nice 缺少，但是是好的缺少；简洁就是字少，但是是好的方面的少

正面: illustrious
symbol: [ɪˈlʌstriəs]
definition: adj. notably or brilliantly outstanding because of achievements: eminent 著名的/杰出的
sim: 【近】celebrated, distinguished, notable, prominent, renowned
ano: 【反】abject, disgraceful, ignoble, ignominious, infamous
zhuji: 【记】 luster 光泽 + ious →闪着光的→显赫的<br>【另】 illustrate说明 + ive变副词，，结尾多个t

正面: circuitous
symbol: [sərˈkjuːɪtəs]
definition: adj. not being forthright or direct in language or action: indirect 迂回的/不直接的
sim: 【近】circular, oblique, roundabout, tortuous
zhuji: 【记】 circu 绕圈 + it走 itinerate 巡回→迂回，绕圈走，<br>【另】 circuit 圆,电路

正面: astute
symbol: [əˈstuːt]
definition: adj. having or showing shrewdness and perspicacity: perceptive 机智的/敏锐的
sim: 【近】cagey, perspicacious, sagacious, prudent
zhuji: 【记】 as + tutor 象导师一样精明敏锐； a + student 一个学生般机灵；as + 音：学徒，需要精明的学习

正面: ossify
symbol: [ˈɑːsɪfaɪ]
definition: v. to become hardened or conventional and opposed to change: fix 僵化/硬化
sim: 【近】petrify, fossilize, solidify, harden
zhuji: 【记】 fosill (骨头)化石，词中有osi 骨头；当了boss 你骨头就硬起来了；

正面: prolix
symbol: [ˈproʊlɪks]
definition: adj. marked by or using an excess of words 啰嗦的/冗长的
sim: 【近】wordy, diffuse, long-winded, redundant, verbose, windy
ano: 【反】taciturn, reticent, reserved, introverted
zhuji: 【记】 源自pro- + liquid 象水流一样多，长；pro + lex词汇，用词汇多的； <br>【另】 lexical 词汇的

正面: jocular
symbol: [ˈdʒɑːkjələr]
definition: adj. given to joking: habitually jolly or jocund: playful 打趣的/爱开玩笑的
sim: 【近】witty, facetious, jocose, jovial, ludicrous
ano: 【反】earnest, grave, sober, solemn
zhuji: 【记】 joke + 音:乐；音：真可乐

正面: salient
symbol: [ˈseɪliənt]
definition: adj. standing out conspicuously: prominent, noticeable 突出的/显著的
sim: 【近】arresting, noticeable, notable, conspicuous, marked, signal, striking
zhuji: 【记】 源自sal- 跳；sale 卖，卖东西要将商品放在显眼的地方，突出，售货员还要连跳带蹦地推销；silent 的反义，做人别太沉默，要主动突出一些

正面: qualm
symbol: [kwɑːm]
definition: n. a feeling of uneasiness about a point especially of conscience or propriety 疑虑/不安
sim: 【近】compunction, conscience, scruple, misgiving

正面: doleful
symbol: [ˈdoʊlfl]
definition: adj. full of grief or affliction: cheerless, sad 忧郁的/悲哀的
sim: 【近】melancholy, dolorous, lamentable, lugubrious, mournful, plaintive, woeful
ano: 【反】blithe, blithesome, radiant, sparkling

正面: archetype
symbol: [ˈɑːkitaɪp]
definition: n. a perfect example: prototype 原型/典范
sim: 【近】model, exemplar, mirror, paradigm, pattern
zhuji: 【记】 arche-古，原始 + type 型<br>【另】 prototype 原型

正面: stymie
symbol: [ˈstaɪmi]
definition: v. to present an obstacle to: stand in the way of: block 阻碍/妨害
sim: 【近】hinder, hamper, thwart, impede, encumber, obstruct
zhuji: 【记】 stem 阻止；sty me 将我放入圈中，阻挠我；stay me 延缓, 阻止我

正面: inundate
symbol: [ˈɪnʌndeɪt]
definition: v. to cover with or as if with a flood: overflow, overwhelm 淹没/(使)泛滥
sim: 【近】deluge, engulf, submerge, swamp
zhuji: 【记】 in + unda 波浪；音：淹 under；音：阴暗 + date→阴暗的日子→地球上最阴暗的日子是上帝降下大洪水淹没世界那天<br>【另】 undulate 波动, 起伏， abundant丰富的，inundate 淹没， redundant 多余的

正面: pernicious
symbol: [pərˈnɪʃəs]
definition: adj. highly injurious or destructive: deadly 有害的/致命的
sim: 【近】baneful, noxious, pestiferous, deleterious, detrimental
zhuji: 【记】 per 音:破, 不好的 + nice 好→不好，有害；per + nec 死，noxious 有害的；<br>【另】 internecine 互相残杀的，perjury 假誓

正面: inept
symbol: [ɪˈnept]
definition: i.　adj. lacking in fitness or aptitude: unfit, incompetent 笨拙的/无能的
ii.　adj. not suitable to the occasion: inappropriate often to an absurd degree 不合适的/荒谬的
sim: 【近】improper, malapropos, undue, unseemly
zhuji: 【记】 in + apt适当的，灵敏的<br>【另】 apt 易于.的, 灵巧的, 适当的

正面: renaissance
symbol: [ˈrenəsɑːns]
definition: n. rebirth, revival 复兴/新生
sim: 【近】reanimation, renascence, resurgence, resurrection, resuscitation, revivification

正面: filibuster
symbol: [ˈfɪlɪbʌstər]
definition: n. the use of extreme dilatory tactics in an attempt to delay or prevent action 阻挠/拖延
zhuji: 【记】 file 文件 + buster 破坏者，破坏文件生效者，阻碍议案

正面: strain
symbol: [streɪn]
definition: i.　v. to make violent efforts: strive 尽力/奋力
ii.　v. to make great difficulty or resistance: balk 抵抗/对抗
iii.　v. to become stretched or to experience pressure 绷紧/使(紧张)
sim: 【近】demur, boggle, scruple, stumble

正面: mendacious
symbol: [menˈdeɪʃəs]
definition: adj. characterized by deception or falsehood or divergence from truth: dishonest 虚假的
sim: 【近】deceitful, knavish, shifty, erroneous, fallacious, spurious, prevaricating
ano: 【反】veracious
zhuji: 【记】 mend 修补，修补过的，不是原装的<br>【另】 mend　修补, amend 改善, 改正 emend 修订, 校勘

正面: estimable
symbol: [ˈestɪməbl]
definition: adj. worthy of esteem: reputable 令人尊敬的
sim: 【近】commendable, laudable, meritorious, creditable, reputed, esteemed
zhuji: 【记】 esteem + ble， ee=I

正面: fulsome
symbol: [ˈfʊlsəm]
definition: i.　adj. characterized by abundance: copious 大量的/丰富的
ii.　adj. aesthetically, morally, or generally offensive 令人厌恶的
iii.　adj. excessively complimentary or flattering: effusive 过分恭维的/奉承的
sim: 【近】slick, unctuous, hypocritical, glib, cloying

正面: surrogate
symbol: [ˈsɜːrəɡeɪt]
definition: v. to put in the place of another: substitute 替代/代理
sim: 【近】replace, supplant, supersede, displace
zhuji: 【记】 sur 上,越过 + rogate 权利，越权，让他人上来顶替权利<br>【另】 abrogate 废除， arrogate 冒称有.权利， derogate 贬损, 毁损，interrogate 审问，询问<br>，prorogate 休会，subrogate 取代，接替，surrogate 代替

正面: tact
symbol: [tækt]
definition: n. a keen sense of what to do in order to maintain good relations with others 机智/圆滑/手腕
sim: 【近】diplomacy, poise, savoir faire, tactfulness
zhuji: 【记】 源自touch 触觉，敏感，机敏；感觉好，跟别人交往时知道该说(做)与不该说(做)什么；contact 接触，联系→知道怎么和别人接触<br>【另】 tactile 触觉的, intact 完整无缺的, 未被人触(碰)过的, outact(out 超过+ tact 机敏)胜过， tangent<br>接触的, 切线的

正面: lambaste
symbol: [læmˈbeɪst]
definition: v. to attack verbally: censure 谴责/攻击
sim: 【近】blister, castigate, drub, excoriate, scold
zhuji: 【记】 lam鞭打 + baste 涂油，狠揍；lam 打，bastard 杂种，边打边骂；lamb + beast 野兽对待小羊羔就是边打边骂<br>【另】 lam(音：烂，烂玩艺，我抽你) 鞭打, 潜逃

正面: ineffable
symbol: [ɪnˈefəbl]
definition: adj. incapable of being expressed in words: indescribable 难以形容的/不言而喻的
sim: 【近】unutterable, incommunicable, inenarrable
zhuji: 【记】 in + effable 可表达的；ef 出 + fable 说<br>【另】 effable 能被说出的, 可表达的，affable 和蔼可亲的，易于交谈的，confabulate 交谈, fable 寓言<br>，ineffable 不能说的，避讳的，

正面: consummate adj.
symbol: [ˈkɑːnsəmət]
definition: i.　adj. complete in every detail: perfect 完美的
ii.　v. to finish or complete: achieve 完成/实现
sim: 【近】conclude, halt, terminate, ultimate, wind up
ano: 【反】callow, crude, uncouth, defective, deficient, inadequate
zhuji: 【记】 con summary 到了最后summary写结语的时候了；consume 消灭 + mate - checkmate (象棋)将死<br>，将对方消灭将死→完成，精于此道，无比

正面: tentative
symbol: [ˈtentətɪv]
definition: i.　adj. not fully worked out or developed: uncertain 实验性的/暂定的
ii.　adj. unsettled in mind or opinion: hesitant 犹豫的/摇摆不定的
sim: 【近】vacillating, faltering, halting, irresolute, wobbly
ano: 【反】conclusive, decisive, definitive, final
zhuji: 【记】 intent 意图，只是有意向，在尝试，还未确定；音：探头探尾；音：忐忑，忐忑不安，因为是试探；tent 帐篷，住在临时住处，因为正式住处属于未完成，试探性阶段<br>【另】 attentive 注意的, 专心的, contentious 争论的, 有异议的，intent 意图, 意向

正面: gainsay
symbol: [ˌɡeɪnˈseɪ]
definition: v. to declare to be untrue or invalid: deny 否认/反驳
sim: 【近】contradict, contravene, impugn, negate, negative, traverse
zhuji: 【记】 源自against；gain + say 得到说法，你问你的哥们，对喜欢的女孩表白后如何? 答：得到说法了<br>，答案是否定的.

正面: genial
symbol: [ˈdʒiːniəl]
definition: adj. marked by or diffusing sympathy or friendliness 友好的/和蔼的
sim: 【近】gracious, affable, congenial, cordial
ano: 【反】discourteous, rude, uncivil
zhuji: 【记】 原指适合于generate生长的，温和的，宜人的，温暖的；genius 天才令人愉快与和蔼的<br>【另】 gentle 温和文雅的，gentleman

正面: chicanery
symbol: [ʃɪˈkeɪnəri]
definition: n. deception by artful subterfuge or sophistry: trickery 狡辩/欺骗/强词夺理
sim: 【近】fraud, plot, waffle
ano: 【反】forthrightness, integrity, probity, rectitude
zhuji: 【记】 源自trick 诡计；音：是坑，网友用语，坑就是BBS上假的，骗人的贴子；chick 骗小鸡；<br>【另】 chicane

正面: spurn
symbol: [spɜːrn]
definition: v. to reject with disdain or contempt: scorn 蔑视/摒弃
sim: 【近】decline, disapprove, dismiss, reprobate, repudiate
ano: 【反】embrace, crave, desire
zhuji: 【记】 s 音：撕 + burn 烧，将送去的请柬撕坏并烧毁→轻蔑地拒绝与践踏；音：死笨，谁说你死笨就是拒绝；

正面: indefatigable
symbol: [ˌɪndɪˈfætɪɡəbl]
definition: adj. incapable of being exhausted: untiring 不知疲倦的
sim: 【近】unflagging, weariless, assiduous, diligent, painstaking, sedulous
ano: 【反】dilatory, lagging, procrastinating, indolent, lackadaisical, slothful, sluggish

正面: baleful
symbol: [ˈbeɪlfl]
definition: adj. deadly or pernicious in influence: sinister 恶意的/有害的
sim: 【近】malefic, maleficent, malign, pernicious, foreboding
ano: 【反】beneficent, auspicious, benign, propitious
zhuji: 【记】 音:背负,身上背负着不幸

正面: tenable
symbol: [ˈtenəbl]
definition: adj. capable of being held, maintained, or defended: defensible 有根据的/站得住脚的
sim: 【近】impregnable, secure, plausible
ano: 【反】vulnerable, precarious, inexcusable
zhuji: 【记】 源自tain, hold 拿着，保持；maintain 主张，维持, 继续；勿与tenacious混，可看成

正面: pretext
symbol: [ˈpriːtekst]
definition: n. a fictitious reason that is concocted in order to conceal the real reason 借口/托辞
sim: 【近】excuse, alibi, plea, ruse

正面: base
symbol: [beɪs]
definition: adj. indicating the lack of higher qualities of mind or spirit: ignoble 卑鄙的/低劣的
sim: 【近】despicable, sordid, squalid, wretched
ano: 【反】noble, upright, virtuous, ethical

正面: antecedent
symbol: [ˌæntɪˈsiːdnt]
definition: i.　n. a model or stimulus for later developments: predecessor 先例/前例
ii.　adj. prior, preceding 先行的/先驱的
sim: 【近】anterior, foregoing, precedent, previous
ano: 【反】consequent, subsequent

正面: cosset
symbol: [ˈkɑːsɪt]
definition: v. to treat with excessive indulgence: pamper 宠爱/溺爱
sim: 【近】cater to, coddle, humor, indulge, mollycoddle, spoil
zhuji: 【记】 cost + et 花许多钱的小东西

正面: lucrative
symbol: [ˈluːkrətɪv]
definition: adj. producing wealth: profitable 赚钱的/有利可图的
sim: 【近】advantageous, gainful, remunerative

正面: conspicuous
symbol: [kənˈspɪkjuəs]
definition: adj. obvious to the eye or mind: noticeable 明显的/显著的
sim: 【近】apparent, distinct, evident, manifest, patent, plain
ano: 【反】covert, concealed
zhuji: 【记】 con + 源自spec 看，spi, i=y spy 侦察,看→大家都看得到的<br>【另】 perspicacious 目光敏锐的

正面: succumb
symbol: [səˈkʌm]
definition: i.　v. to yield to superior strength or force or overpowering appeal or desire: submit 屈服
ii.　v. to be brought to an end by the effect of destructive or disruptive forces: die (因劳累而)死亡
sim: 【近】decease, demise, expire, pass away, perish
zhuji: 【记】 suc + cumb 躺，躺倒，倒下

正面: presumption
symbol: [prɪˈzʌmpʃn]
definition: i.　n. an attitude or belief dictated by probability: assumption 假设/假想
ii.　n. presumptuous or bold attitude or conduct: audacity 放肆/傲慢
sim: 【近】effrontery, brashness, brass

正面: judicious
symbol: [dʒuˈdɪʃəs]
definition: adj. having, exercising, or characterized by sound judgment: discreet 明智的/头脑清醒的
sim: 【近】prudent, sage, sane, sapient, sensible
zhuji: 【记】 judge是有判断力的

正面: venerate
symbol: [ˈvenəreɪt]
definition: v. to regard with reverential respect or with admiring deference: revere 尊敬/崇敬
sim: 【近】adore, reverence, worship, esteem
zhuji: 【记】 vener- 爱，欲望，魅力，近于win；veteran 老兵，老手能赢得尊敬

正面: terse
symbol: [tɜːrs]
definition: adj. devoid of superfluity: concise 简洁的/精炼的
sim: 【近】brief, compendious, curt, laconic, succinct
ano: 【反】circuitous; pleonastic, redundant, repetitious
zhuji: 【记】 音：特啬，特省，特少→特吝啬，少，节省；

正面: retrieve
symbol: [rɪˈtriːv]
definition: i.　v. to restore or revive 恢复/复兴
ii.　v. to get back again: regain 重获/收回
sim: 【近】reactivate, rekindle, renew, renovate, resurrect, resuscitate, revitalize, revivify
zhuji: 【记】 re回 + 音：取物→取回物品；re回 + 音：取 + ve(have)；retro回 + have

正面: exiguous
symbol: [eɡˈzɪɡjuəs]
definition: adj. excessively scanty: inadequate 不足的/稀少的
sim: 【近】meager, scrimpy, skimpy, sparse
ano: 【反】ample, abundant, copious, bounteous

正面: appease
symbol: [əˈpiːz]
definition: i.　v. to bring to a state of peace or quiet: calm 安抚/使镇静
ii.　v. to cause to subside: allay, pacify 平息/缓和
sim: 【近】alleviate, assuage, conciliate, mollify, placate, propitiate, sweeten
ano: 【反】aggravate, exacerbate, exaggerate, worsen

正面: temerity
symbol: [təˈmerəti]
definition: n. unreasonable or foolhardy daring: rashness, recklessness 鲁莽/冒失
sim: 【近】assurance, audacity, brashness, nerve
ano: 【反】caution, deliberation, judiciousness, prudence, heedfulness
zhuji: 【记】 音：特猛，太猛，忒猛

正面: staunch
symbol: [stɔːntʃ]
definition: i.　adj. steadfast in loyalty or principle: faithful 坚定的/忠诚的
ii.　v. to stop or check in its course 止住(流血)/平息
sim: 【近】allegiant, ardent, loyal, resolute, firm
ano: 【反】shaky, mercurial, changeable, volatile

正面: intermittent
symbol: [ˌɪntərˈmɪtənt]
definition: adj. coming and going at intervals: not continuous, occasional 间歇性的/断断续续的
sim: 【近】alternate, periodic, recurrent, sporadic, infrequent, rhythmic
ano: 【反】perpetual, everlasting, interminable, continuous, incessant
zhuji: 【记】 inter 中间 + mit send送，传送之间是有间歇的<br>【另】 admit 容许，commit 提交，干(坏事),demit 辞职，emit 发出，放射，remit 传送，提交，宽恕<br>，延迟，permit 许可，intermit 中断，断断续续，omit 省略，submit 提交，使服从，summit (sum 总和+ MIT 麻省理工→顶点)顶点，最高层，transmit 传送

正面: ameliorate
symbol: [əˈmiːliəreɪt]
definition: v. to become or make better or more tolerable: improve (使)改善/减轻(痛苦)
sim: 【近】amend, meliorate
ano: 【反】impair, injure, mar, aggravate, deteriorate
zhuji: 【记】 meli- 音：美丽，魅力，使变得美丽与有魅力；melon, melody，甜蜜的，好听 好

正面: loath
symbol: [loʊθ]
definition: adj. unwilling to do something contrary to one’s ways of thinking: reluctant 不情愿的
sim: 【近】averse, indisposed, uneager, disinclined

正面: superfluous
symbol: [suːˈpɜːrfluəs]
definition: adj. exceeding what is sufficient or necessary: extra 多余的/不必要的
sim: 【近】de trop, excess, spare, supernumerary, surplus
ano: 【反】deficient, scarce, wanting, scanty
zhuji: 【记】 super + flow, fluid 流动<br>【另】 affluent 丰富的

正面: haphazard
symbol: [hæpˈhæzərd]
definition: adj. marked by lack of plan, order, or direction: random 随意的/无计划的
sim: 【近】desultory, indiscriminate, irregular
ano: 【反】deliberate, designed, intentional, willful, planned
zhuji: 【记】 hap 幸运，机会 + hazard 冒险，危险；做事没有计划，那么幸运与危险就全靠任意的了<br>【另】 happy 幸运的 高兴的

正面: proponent
symbol: [prəˈpoʊnənt]
definition: n. one who argues in favor of something: advocate 支持者
sim: 【近】exponent, champion, expounder, supporter
zhuji: 【记】 pro + ponent 组成部分<br>【另】 component 成分，exponent(将组成部分分解，分析说明), proponent(pro + 组成部分，其中一员→支持)，opponent(不在组成部分之一 → 反对)

正面: callow
symbol: [ˈkæloʊ]
definition: adj. lacking adult sophistication: immature 不成熟的/缺乏经验的
sim: 【近】juvenile, unfledged, inexperienced, unseasoned, unversed
zhuji: 【记】 call + low 叫声低的；未成熟的(小鸟,小孩)叫声都低；

正面: animosity
symbol: [ˌænɪˈmɑːsəti]
definition: n. ill will or resentment tending toward active hostility: enmity 仇恨/敌意
sim: 【近】animus, antagonism, antipathy, rancor

正面: ponderable
symbol: [ˈpɑːndərəbl]
definition: adj. significant enough to be worth considering: appreciable 重大的/值得考虑的
sim: 【近】considerable, substantial, palpable
zhuji: 【记】 ponder掂量 + able可

正面: dogmatic
symbol: [dɔːɡˈmætɪk]
definition: adj. characteristic of a doctrine or code of beliefs accepted as authoritative 教条的/死板的
sim: 【近】rigid, unbending, doctrinaire

正面: becoming
symbol: [bɪˈkʌmɪŋ]
definition: adj. attractively suitable: fitting 合适的/有魅力的
sim: 【近】decorous, befitting, comme il faut, conforming, decent, seemly

正面: disseminate
symbol: [dɪˈsemɪneɪt]
definition: v. to spread abroad as though sowing seed 传播/散布
sim: 【近】circulate, diffuse, disperse, propagate, radiate
zhuji: 【记】 dis 向四周 + semin种子→传播种子般散布<br>【另】 seminal adj.种子的, 精液的, 生殖的，semen(音:色 + men男) 精子，种子

正面: vilify
symbol: [ˈvɪlɪfaɪ]
definition: v. to utter slanderous and abusive statements against: defame 诽谤/贬低
sim: 【近】malign, asperse, calumniate, denigrate, traduce
ano: 【反】commend, compliment, eulogize, acclaim, exalt, worship
zhuji: 【记】 音：歪 + 使，使歪曲

正面: coalesce
symbol: [ˌkoʊəˈles]
definition: v. to unite into a whole: fuse 合并/联合
sim: 【近】bracket, conjoin, cling, blend, merge, mingle
zhuji: 【记】 coal 煤是由植物，土，石头等结合而成

正面: derivative
symbol: [dɪˈrɪvətɪv]
definition: adj. lacking originality: banal 模仿的/缺乏原创性的
sim: 【近】secondary, derivational, derived
ano: 【反】original, novel
zhuji: 【记】 de 下面，rive＝river 河－下面的河－支流－派生

正面: ignoble
symbol: [ɪɡˈnoʊbl]
definition: adj. characterized by baseness, lowness, or meanness 卑鄙的/不体面的
sim: 【近】abject, despicable, scurvy, sordid, vile, wretched

正面: accolade
symbol: [ˈækəleɪd]
definition: n. an expression of praise 赞扬
sim: 【近】honor, badge, distinction, kudos, laurels
zhuji: 【记】 源自ac + collar 领子，衣服的脖子部分，奖章挂在领子上<br>【另】 commodity

正面: balk
symbol: [bɔːk]
definition: v. to check or stop by or as if by an obstacle: block 阻止/妨碍
sim: 【近】frustrate, baffle, circumvent, foil, thwart
zhuji: 【记】 block 木块，阻挡；近obstacle<br>【另】 bulk 大小, 体积, 大批

正面: felicitous
symbol: [fəˈlɪsɪtəs]
definition: i.　adj. very well suited or expressed: apt 合适的/恰当的
ii.　adj. pleasant or agreeable 惬意的/舒适的
sim: 【近】congenial, dulcet, gratifying, jolly, palatable, savory
ano: 【反】awkward, clumsy, gauche, inept, maladroit, infelicitous

正面: cardinal
symbol: [ˈkɑːrdɪnl]
definition: adj. of basic importance: main, primary 主要的/基本的
sim: 【近】essential, constitutive, fundamental, pivotal, vital
zhuji: 【记】 card心，中心；心是红的；card 牌，说某人是一张牌就是这人是很重要的一个角色 ，原指教皇手手下的红衣主教，重要的，也有红衣服的意思

正面: checkered
symbol: [ˈtʃekərd]
definition: i.　adj. marked by alternation or contrast of fortune 多变的/反复无常的
ii.　adj. marked by many problems or failures 起伏的/坎坷的
sim: 【近】problematic, awkward, knotty, difficult

正面: inflammatory
symbol: [ɪnˈflæmətɔːri]
definition: adj. tending to excite anger, disorder, or tumult: seditious 煽动性的/刺激的
sim: 【近】incendiary, instigative, provocative, revolutionary
ano: 【反】calming, moderating, soothing, temperate

正面: approbation
symbol: [ˌæprəˈbeɪʃn]
definition: n. an act of approving or praising formally or officially 赞扬/许可
sim: 【近】benediction, blessing, countenance, regard
ano: 【反】censure, condemnation, disapproval, reprehension
zhuji: 【记】 ap + 源自prove；同approve；ap 肯定 加强 + probe 探针探测,检验→检验后肯定<br>【另】 probate 遗嘱检验，reprobate 谴责，opprobrious 无礼的, 该骂的, 可耻的

正面: misanthrope
symbol: [ˈmɪsənθroʊp]
definition: n. a person who hates or distrusts humankind 厌世的人/讨厌人类者
ano: 【反】philanthrope

正面: pithy
symbol: [ˈpɪθi]
definition: adj. having substance and point: tersely cogent: concise 简洁的/精炼的
sim: 【近】compact, epigrammatic, succinct, curt, terse
zhuji: 【记】 pith 精髓<br>The chain is not stronger than its weakest link. 链条的坚固取决于其最弱一环。

正面: irrevocable
symbol: [ɪˈrevəkəbl]
definition: adj. not possible to revoke: unalterable 不可改变的/不能挽回的
sim: 【近】irreversible, nonreversible, established, immutable

正面: pensive
symbol: [ˈpensɪv]
definition: adj. suggestive of sad thoughtfulness 忧郁的/沉思的
sim: 【近】contemplative, meditative, pondering, reflecting, ruminative, speculative
zhuji: 【记】 pen 笔 + sive 拿笔沉思状，用笔写作时深沉的，忧郁的；expensive 昂贵的，这东西很好但是太贵了，愁眉苦脸地沉思，买不买呢<br>【另】 penster (拿笔的人)作者

正面: aver
symbol: [əˈvɜːr]
definition: i.　v. to verify or prove to be true in pleading a cause: attest 证实/确定(真实性)
ii.　v. to declare positively: allege 宣称/主张
sim: 【近】assert, affirm, avouch, avow, depose, predicate, profess
ano: 【反】disavow, renounce, reject, recant, forswear
zhuji: 【记】 同verify 确认属实。来自 very，真,真正,完全。 Very good 真好；

正面: concede
symbol: [kənˈsiːd]
definition: v. to accept as true, valid, or accurate grudgingly or hesitantly 让步/(不情愿地)承认
sim: 【近】acknowledge, admit, cede, relinquish, waive
zhuji: 【记】 con＋cede 让步<br>【另】 cede 让步, access 走近 入门，concede 承认，让步，intercede 调解，precede 先于，recede 后退<br>，retrocede 交还，secede 退出，supercede 紧接着到来，取代

正面: exacting
symbol: [ɪɡˈzæktɪŋ]
definition: i.　adj. requiring careful attention and precision 费力的/需要细心的
ii.　adj. tryingly or unremittingly severe in making demands 苛求的/严格的
sim: 【近】onerous, burdensome, demanding, exigent, oppressive, taxing
zhuji: 【记】 ex + act 做，动力，驱动→强求，要求精确的→强求，或者是ex过分地act做

正面: sacrosanct
symbol: [ˈsækroʊsæŋkt]
definition: adj. most sacred or holy: inviolable 神圣而不可侵犯的
zhuji: 【记】 sacre- 神圣 + sanct 神圣→双重神圣，绝对神圣<br>【另】 sanctify 使神圣，尊崇

正面: sparse
symbol: [spɑːrs]
definition: adj. of few and scattered elements, not thickly grown or settled: meager 稀疏的/稀少的
sim: 【近】exiguous, scanty, scrimpy, skimpy, spare, scarce
zhuji: 【记】 近于spark 火星，点点的火星，k=c=s

正面: fathom
symbol: [ˈfæðəm]
definition: i.　v. to penetrate and come to understand 理解
ii.　v. to search into and explore very thoroughly: probe 探索/调查
sim: 【近】sound, plumb, investigate
zhuji: 【记】 farther 更远，far 距离远，测量距离多远，多深

正面: unexceptionable
symbol: [ˌʌnɪkˈsepʃənəbl]
definition: adj. not open to objection or criticism, beyond reproach: unimpeachable 无懈可击的/完美的
sim: 【近】decent, adequate, satisfactory, unimpeachable
zhuji: 【记】 un 不，exceptionable（adj.可反对的）：无懈可击的

正面: apex
symbol: [ˈeɪpeks]
definition: n. the highest or culminating point: acme 最高点/极致
sim: 【近】crest, culmination, crown, peak, summit, vertex

正面: belligerent
symbol: [bəˈlɪdʒərənt]
definition: adj. inclined to or exhibiting assertiveness, hostility, or combativeness 好战的/敌对的
sim: 【近】bellicose, contentious, gladiatorial, pugnacious, quarrelsome, truculent
ano: 【反】pacific, pacifist, peaceful, conciliatory, amicable, dovish
zhuji: 【记】 rebel 抗争，反抗的后半部；bell 战争 + generate 产生；音：暴力争，使用暴力武力战争 <br>bellwether n.领导者,领头羊 <br>【记】 bell wear + er 系铃铛的

正面: endorse
symbol: [ɪnˈdɔːrs]
definition: v. to express support or approval of publicly and definitely: approve 公开支持/认可
sim: 【近】accredit, certify, sanction, attest, authenticate, champion, uphold
ano: 【反】deprecate, disapprove; anathematize, denounce
zhuji: 【记】 en + dorse(背)→在背后签字

正面: altruistic
symbol: [ˌæltruˈɪstɪk]
definition: adj. showing unselfish concern for the welfare of others: philanthropic 利他主义的/无私的

正面: candid
symbol: [ˈkændɪd]
definition: i.　adj. indicating or suggesting sincere honesty and absence of deception: frank 坦诚的/正直的
ii.　adj. free from bias, prejudice, or malice: fair 公正的/没有偏见的
sim: 【近】dispassionate, impartial, aboveboard, forthright, scrupulous
ano: 【反】biased, colored, prejudiced

正面: malleable
symbol: [ˈmæliəbl]
definition: i.　adj. capable of being altered or controlled by outside forces or influences 易受影响的/可控的
ii.　adj. capable of being extended or shaped by beating with a hammer: plastic 可塑的/有延展性的
sim: 【近】adaptable, ductile, moldable, pliable, pliant, supple
ano: 【反】refractory, intractable, recalcitrant, unruly
zhuji: 【记】 mallet 槌，槌打 + ble 可→可槌打成形的，可塑的

正面: capricious
symbol: [kəˈprɪʃəs]
definition: adj. governed or characterized by unpredictable change: impulsive 多变的/一时冲动的
sim: 【近】arbitrary, erratic, fickle, vagarious, wayward, whimsical, volatile
ano: 【反】steadfast, constant, steady, stationary

正面: burgeon
symbol: [ˈbɜːrdʒən]
definition: v. to grow and expand rapidly: flourish 迅速增长/扩张/繁荣
sim: 【近】augment, enlarge, mount, multiply, snowball, bloom
zhuji: 【记】 bud 芽 或bur 刺果 go + on→小芽，刺果向上长，才露尖尖角，正在长大发芽；burg 城镇 + goon 向上，城镇向上发展 burg结尾的是堡，外国城市名如匹兹堡，汉堡等

正面: acrimonious
symbol: [ˌækrɪˈmoʊniəs]
definition: adj. caustic, biting, or rancorous in feeling, language, or manner: unfriendly 尖酸的/严厉的
sim: 【近】angry, indignant, ireful, wrathful, cranky, belligerent
ano: 【反】irenic, peaceable, benign, benignant

正面: decimate
symbol: [ˈdesɪmeɪt]
definition: v. to cause great destruction or harm to: destroy 摧毁/杀死
sim: 【近】demolish, wreck, slaughter, annihilate, exterminate, massacre

正面: retiring
symbol: [rɪˈtaɪərɪŋ]
definition: adj. reluctant to draw attention to yourself: shy, reserved 害羞的/内敛的
sim: 【近】undemonstrative, aseptic, restrained, shrinking, withdrawn

正面: antithetical
symbol: [ˌæntɪˈθetɪkl]
definition: adj. being in direct and unequivocal opposition: opposite 对立的
sim: 【近】antipodal, antipodean, converse, diametric, polar, reverse

正面: crystallize
symbol: [ˈkrɪstəlaɪz]
definition: v. to cause to take a definite form 明确/使具体化
sim: 【近】shape, solidify, form

正面: promulgate
symbol: [ˈprɑːmlɡeɪt]
definition: v. to make known or public by open declaration: proclaim, declare 公布/传播
sim: 【近】advertise, annunciate, broadcast, disseminate, publish
zhuji: 【记】 形意似propagate 传播；pro 前 + 音：骂 + gate 门，在门前骂，公布被骂者的丑事，让公众知道→传播；pro前 + 广东话： 骂街

正面: beguile
symbol: [bɪˈɡaɪl]
definition: v. to deceive by wiles 欺骗
sim: 【近】bluff, delude, mislead, take in

正面: superannuated
symbol: [ˌsuːpərˈænjueɪtɪd]
definition: adj. no longer useful or acceptable: outmoded, old-fashioned 古老的/过时的
sim: 【近】antediluvian, outdated, antiquated, obsolescent, obsolete

正面: expunge
symbol: [ɪkˈspʌndʒ]
definition: v. to efface completely: destroy, eliminate 抹去/彻底删除
sim: 【近】erase, annul, cancel, efface, obliterate, wipe out

正面: incessant
symbol: [ɪnˈsesnt]
definition: adj. continuing or following without interruption: unceasing 不间断的/连续的
sim: 【近】ceaseless, continuous, everlasting, interminable, perpetual
ano: 【反】intermittent, sporadic, recurrent, discontinuous
zhuji: 【记】 in 不+ cessant停止<br>【另】 cessation 停止，cease 停止

正面: contrived
symbol: [kənˈtraɪvd]
definition: adj. lacking in natural or spontaneous quality: artificial 人为的/做作的
sim: 【近】affected, factitious, feigned, spurious, unnatural
ano: 【反】artless, genuine, spontaneous
zhuji: 【记】 contrive + ed

正面: blatant
symbol: [ˈbleɪtnt]
definition: i.　adj. noisy especially in a vulgar or offensive manner: clamorous 喧闹的/吵嚷的
ii.　adj. obvious or conspicuous in a crass or offensive manner: brazen 公然的/明目张胆的
sim: 【近】barefaced, flagrant, unabashed
zhuji: 【记】 blah 废话+ 音：谈，不停地谈话说废话让人讨厌<br>【另】 blah blah是美国口语：意思是等等，诸如此类，有轻微贬意；blab 胡扯, blare号声

正面: truncate
symbol: [ˈtrʌŋkeɪt]
definition: v. to shorten by or as if by cutting off: curtail 缩短/删节
sim: 【近】abbreviate, abridge, prune, syncopate
ano: 【反】enlarge, supplement, aggrandize, amplify, augment, dilate, inflate
zhuji: 【记】 源自trunk 树干, 躯干, 箱子，把东西放入箱子需要截短

正面: impunity
symbol: [ɪmˈpjuːnəti]
definition: n. exemption or freedom from punishment, harm, or loss 免除(惩罚)/不受伤害
sim: 【近】exemption, immunity
zhuji: 【记】 im 不 + punish 不惩罚

正面: fledgling
symbol: [ˈfledʒlɪŋ]
definition: n. an immature or inexperienced person: novice 新手/没经验的人
sim: 【近】apprentice, colt, neophyte, rookie, tyro
zhuji: 【记】 fly + edge, 飞的边缘，小鸟已经长到能飞的边缘，马上就能飞了

正面: divagate
symbol: [ˈdaɪvəˌɡeɪt]
definition: v. to wander or stray from a course or subject: digress 离题/偏离
sim: 【近】depart, diverge, excurse, ramble, stray, wander

正面: heyday
symbol: [ˈheɪdeɪ]
definition: n. the period of one’s greatest popularity, vigor, or prosperity 全盛期/繁荣
sim: 【近】blossom, florescence, flush, prime, springtime

正面: sonorous
symbol: [ˈsɑːnərəs]
definition: i.　adj. full or loud in sound: resonant 洪亮的
ii.　adj. imposing or impressive in effect or style 雄伟的/难忘的
sim: 【近】rhetorical, bombastic, euphuistic, grandiloquent, magniloquent, oratorical

正面: insolvent
symbol: [ɪnˈsɑːlvənt]
definition: adj. unable to pay debts: bankrupt 无力偿还的/破产的

正面: hortatory
symbol: [ˈhɔːtəˌtɔri]
definition: adj. giving advice and encouragement: advisory 激励的/劝告的

正面: cognizant
symbol: [ˈkɑːɡnɪzənt]
definition: adj. knowledgeable of something through personal experience: aware 知晓的/经历过…的
sim: 【近】apprehensive, au courant, conscious, sentient, witting
ano: 【反】forgetful, oblivious, heedless, slighting
zhuji: 【记】 recognize

正面: debacle
symbol: [deɪˈbɑːkl]
definition: i.　n. a complete failure: fiasco 溃败
ii.　n. a great disaster 灾难
sim: 【近】collapse, defeat, defeasance, drubbing
ano: 【反】coup
zhuji: 【记】 de + bacterial 细菌病毒(大爆发)会导致崩溃与灾难

正面: lassitude
symbol: [ˈlæsɪtuːd]
definition: i.　n. a condition of weariness or debility: fatigue 劳累/疲倦
ii.　n. a condition of listlessness: languor 懒散/无精打采
sim: 【近】lethargy, dullness, hebetude, slumber, stupor, torpidity
ano: 【反】vigor, liveliness, vitality, verve, sap
zhuji: 【记】 less 或loss + attitude 缺少或失去态度，一个人如果没有任何态度(面无表情)就是没兴趣<br>【另】 lass 少女，爱人，情人

正面: staggering
symbol: [ˈstæɡərɪŋ]
definition: adj. so great as to cause one to hesitate or doubt: astonishing 令人震惊的
sim: 【近】marvelous, astonishing, astounding, spectacular, overwhelming

正面: loquacious
symbol: [ləˈkweɪʃəs]
definition: adj. given to fluent or excessive talk: wordy, garrulous 啰嗦的
sim: 【近】chatty, prolix, verbose, wordy, jabbering
ano: 【反】concise, succinct, taciturn, terse, brusque, curt
zhuji: 【记】 logue, locu都是说的意思 c=g=qu，<br>【另】 locution 惯用语，colloquy 谈话, eloquent 雄辩的, 有口才的，grandiloquent 夸张的，loquacious<br>多话的，magniloquent 夸张的，obloquy 漫骂,soliloquy 自言自语, 独白，ventriloquy 腹语术

正面: penchant
symbol: [ˈpentʃənt]
definition: n. a strong and continued inclination: liking 倾向/嗜好
sim: 【近】leaning, disposition, predilection, predisposition, proclivity, propensity, tendency
zhuji: 【记】 pen 笔，写东西，写作 + chant 音乐，唱歌→写作与音乐是我的最大爱好

正面: evince
symbol: [ɪˈvɪns]
definition: v. to display clearly: reveal, show 表明/揭示
sim: 【近】demonstrate, exhibit, illustrate, manifest, proclaim, bespeak
zhuji: 【记】 evidence 证据表明，显示，就能够convince你；win 赢得<br>【另】 convince 使确信，使信服

正面: indigenous
symbol: [ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs]
definition: i.　adj. living or occurring in a particular region or environment: native 本土的/本地的
ii.　adj. innate, inborn 内在的/固有的
sim: 【近】congenital, connate, inborn, inherited, natural
ano: 【反】exotic, alien, extraneous, foreign
zhuji: 【记】 in 里 + dig 挖 + genous generate 生产的，往里挖能挖出土产，如人参什么的；indi 印地安 + gen人种，生长，印地安人种才是美国土生土长的原始土著(有一说法印地安人是来自亚洲甚至中国，长相与中国人很接近)<br>【另】 endogenous 内生的，exogenous 外生的

正面: belittle
symbol: [bɪˈlɪtl]
definition: v. to speak slightingly of: disparage 贬低/轻视
sim: 【近】decry, depreciate, derogate, detract, diminish, dispraise, minimize
ano: 【反】aggrandize, magnify, boast, crow

正面: daunt
symbol: [dɔːnt]
definition: v. to lessen the courage of: subdue, dismay 使气馁/使退缩
sim: 【近】appall, cow, consternate, horrify, browbeat, bully, intimidate, foil
ano: 【反】hearten, buoy, impel, rally
zhuji: 【记】 down it，down它，把它制下去，让它气势，胆气下去；音：倒塌，世贸大楼倒塌令人胆怯；音：打 + aunt→打姨妈→使胆怯<br>Every advantage has its disadvantage.　　有利必有弊。

正面: precipitous
symbol: [prɪˈsɪpɪtəs]
definition: i.　adj. very steep, perpendicular, or overhanging in rise or fall 险峻的
ii.　adj. done with very great haste and without due deliberation 急躁的/鲁莽的
sim: 【近】precipitate, abrupt, hasty, headlong, impetuous, rushing
zhuji: 【记】 来自precipitate，词尾是tou 音：陡，陡峭，能急速下降的陡峭悬崖 <br>precis n. 摘要,大纲<br>【记】 pre- 前 + cis 切，预先切掉<br>【另】 concise 简明的, 简练的

正面: fecund
symbol: [ˈfiːkənd]
definition: adj. intellectually productive or inventive to a marked degree: fertile 肥沃的/多产的
sim: 【近】fruitful, productive, proliferant, prolific, spawning
ano: 【反】sterile, barren
zhuji: 【记】 fec- 粪；音：肥垦地，肥坑地，粪坑地<br>【另】 fecal 粪便的，feces 粪，feculent 粪的，污秽的

正面: digress
symbol: [daɪˈɡres]
definition: v. to turn aside especially from the main subject of course of argument: swerve 离题
sim: 【近】depart, divagate, diverge, excurse, ramble, stray, wander
zhuji: 【记】 dis 离开 + gress 走开<br>【另】 aggress 向前走→进攻，congress(走到一起)聚会,degressive(下走)下降，digress(分开走)离题<br>，ingress(向里走)入口，egress(向外走)出口，progress (前走)前进，regress (回走)退回，retrogress (回走)退步，transgress (穿过走)越界

正面: effervesce
symbol: [ˌefərˈves]
definition: v. to show liveliness or exhilaration: exuberate 兴奋/热闹/欢腾
zhuji: 【记】 ef + ferv 热，超出的，非常热，已经白热化，沸腾冒气了<br>【另】 fervent 炽热的，fever 发热，发烧

正面: gall
symbol: [ɡɔːl]
definition: i.　v. to irritate and vex 激怒/使烦恼
ii.　v. to fret and wear away by friction: chafe 磨损/擦伤
sim: 【近】abrade, corrode, erode, excoriate, ruffle
zhuji: 【记】 音：膏，磨伤肿痛了抹点(药)膏，这受的伤是因为引起怨恨，恼怒造成的，气得也肝疼；音：搞，恶搞，恶搞能得你很烦，因为有怨恨；

正面: ascendancy
symbol: [əˈsendənsi]
definition: n. governing or controlling influence: domination 主导(权)/支配地位
sim: 【近】supremacy, preeminence, preponderance, prepotency, sovereignty

正面: concomitant
symbol: [kənˈkɑːmɪtənt]
definition: adj. accompanying especially in a subordinate or incidental way: collateral 伴随的/共存的
sim: 【近】accompanying, ancillary, attendant, coincident

正面: covet
symbol: [ˈkʌvət]
definition: v. to desire inordinately or culpably 渴望/垂涎
sim: 【近】crave, desiderate, want
ano: 【反】abjure, forswear, renounce

正面: economical
symbol: [ˌiːkəˈnɑːmɪkl]
definition: adj. marked by careful, efficient, and prudent use of resources: thrifty 精简的/节约的
sim: 【近】sparing, canny, chary, frugal, provident, thrifty
ano: 【反】generous, lavish, wasteful, extravagant

正面: hauteur
symbol: [hɔːˈtɜːr]
definition: n. overbearing pride evidenced by a superior manner toward inferiors: haughtiness 傲慢
sim: 【近】arrogance, disdain, loftiness, superciliousness
zhuji: 【记】 源自high,同haughty

正面: insolent
symbol: [ˈɪnsələnt]
definition: adj. exhibiting boldness, effrontery, or insultingly contempt: impudent 无礼的/冒犯的
sim: 【近】audacious, brazen, contumelious, impertinent, saucy
ano: 【反】deferential, humble, meek, modest, unassertive, courteous
zhuji: 【记】 in + sole 单独的，唯一的，独一无二的→处于独一无二的状态→有老子天下第一的心态→傲慢无礼

正面: ingratiate
symbol: [ɪnˈɡreɪʃieɪt]
definition: v. to gain favor or acceptance for by deliberate effort: suck up 使(自己)迎合/讨好

正面: smug
symbol: [smʌɡ]
definition: i.　adj. highly self-satisfied 自满的/自以为是的
ii.　adj. scrupulously clean, neat, or correct: tidy 整洁的
sim: 【近】complacent, priggish, conceited, superior
zhuji: 【记】 音：小马哥，周润发以电影英雄本色自命不凡且整洁潇洒的小马哥一角而走红；音：帅 +<br>mug 人脸，面部照片，帅气的一张脸<br>【另】 smart 聪明的, 漂亮的, 潇洒的, mug 人脸，杯子，image 肖像，图像

正面: vociferous
symbol: [voʊˈsɪfərəs]
definition: adj. marked by or given to vehement insistent outcry: blatant 吵闹的/叫喊的
sim: 【近】boisterous, clamorous, obstreperous, strident
zhuji: 【记】 源自voice + fer 带，带来声音；voice + 音：发，发出声响的；voice + transfer 传递声音

正面: quell
symbol: [kwel]
definition: v. to thoroughly overwhelm and reduce to submission or passivity: pacify 平息/镇压
sim: 【近】annihilate, extinguish, quench, suppress, vanquish
ano: 【反】abet, incite, instigate, foment
zhuji: 【记】 源自kill, qu=k, e=i，使quiet

正面: riveting
symbol: [ˈrɪvɪtɪŋ]
definition: adj. having the power to fix the attention: engrossing, fascinating 吸引人的
sim: 【近】enthralling, spellbinding, entrancing, mesmeric, exhilarating
zhuji: 【记】 rivet 吸引人注意力

正面: demean
symbol: [dɪˈmiːn]
definition: v. to lower in character, status, or reputation: debase 贬低
sim: 【近】abase, humiliate, belittle, decry, derogate, detract, disparage, despise, scorn

正面: ambiguous
symbol: [æmˈbɪɡjuəs]
definition: adj. doubtful or uncertain especially from obscurity or indistinctness: obscure 模糊的/不确定的
sim: 【近】equivocal, opaque, nebulous, tenebrous, unintelligible, vague
ano: 【反】explicit, lucid, perspicuous, categorical
zhuji: 【记】 ambi 两，模棱两可 + 音：过，两边都说得过去，含糊其词

正面: vituperate
symbol: [vaɪˌtupəˈreɪt]
definition: v. to abuse or censure severely or abusively: berate, scold 谩骂/责骂
sim: 【近】rail, revile, upbraid, condemn, lambaste, asperse, calumniate
zhuji: 【记】 vit 维他命 + unoperate 维生素不工作，会出现烦燥易怒，骂人的症状；vital + operate 让你生命<br>，人生运转起来的是辱骂，受到羞辱才会努力愤发上进

正面: impute
symbol: [ɪmˈpjuːt]
definition: v. to credit to a person or a cause: attribute 把…归因于
sim: 【近】accredit, ascribe, adduce, assign

正面: hedge
symbol: [hedʒ]
definition: i.　v. to hem in or obstruct with or as if with a barrier: hinder 阻碍/约束
ii.　v. to protect oneself from losing or failing by a counterbalancing action 保护/防范
iii.　v. to evade the risk of commitment especially by leaving open a way of retreat: trim 避免/回避
sim: 【近】equivocate, dodge, sidestep, tergiversate, weasel

正面: contiguous
symbol: [kənˈtɪɡjuəs]
definition: i.　adj. touching along a boundary or at a point: adjacent 相邻的/接壤的
ii.　adj. next or near in time or sequence 连续的/临近的
sim: 【近】abutting, adjoining, conterminous, juxtaposed
zhuji: 【记】 contact i=a g=c

正面: feckless
symbol: [ˈfekləs]
definition: adj. generally incompetent and ineffectual: weak 无效的/软弱的
sim: 【近】bootless, fruitless, futile, unavailing, inefficacious
zhuji: 【记】 feck 源自effect + less；ineffective

正面: dichotomous
symbol: [daɪˈkɑtəməs]
definition: adj. divided into two seemingly contradictory parts (看似)矛盾的/一分为二的

正面: laborious
symbol: [ləˈbɔːriəs]
definition: i.　adj. involving or characterized by hard or toilsome effort: labored 费力的/艰苦的
ii.　adj. devoted to labor: industrious 勤劳的/努力的
sim: 【近】diligent, assiduous, sedulous

正面: dissident
symbol: [ˈdɪsɪdənt]
definition: adj. disagreeing with an established systems, organization or beliefs 有异议的/不传统的
sim: 【近】heretical, heterodox, nonconformist, sectarian, unorthodox

正面: guile
symbol: [ɡaɪl]
definition: n. deceitful cunning: slyness 狡猾/欺骗
sim: 【近】deceit, duplicity, cunning, dissemblance, dissimulation
zhuji: 【记】 可能同源于wile，gu=w；guilty 犯罪；犯罪者一般是狡猾地使用欺诈手段的；音：鬼魑，人很鬼，就是骗

正面: embellish
symbol: [ɪmˈbelɪʃ]
definition: i.　v. to make beautiful with ornamentation: decorate, adorn 装饰
ii.　v. to heighten the attractiveness by adding fanciful details: enhance 渲染/给…添加细节/使丰富
sim: 【近】embroider, color, exaggerate, magnify, overcharge, overpaint
ano: 【反】bare, denude, divest, strip

正面: elude
symbol: [iˈluːd]
definition: i.　v. to avoid adroitly: evade 逃避/避免
ii.　v. to escape the perception, understanding, or grasp of 使困惑/使为难
sim: 【近】baffle, circumvent, frustrate, outwit
zhuji: 【记】 lud - play 提起，演奏，perception理解；e 出 + 理解 perception→出乎理解的<br>【另】 allude 间接提到 暗指，collude(共谋，勾结 conspire, plot)，delude（欺骗 deceive,<br>trick），elude（躲避 escape the perception, understanding），interlude 两段之间的时间，prelude 前奏<br>，postlude 终曲<br>Have no fear of perfection---you'll never reach it. 不要为十全十美担心-----你永远也做不到。

正面: voluble
symbol: [ˈvɑːljəbl]
definition: adj. characterized by ready or rapid speech: glib, fluent 健谈的/言语流畅的
zhuji: 【记】 voluble 易旋转的，健谈的，源自volv 转，脑瓜，嘴都转得快；volume 读了许多册书，能侃的

正面: prevail
symbol: [prɪˈveɪl]
definition: i.　v. to gain ascendancy through strength or superiority: triumph 胜利/胜出
ii.　v. to be frequent: predominate 占主导/盛行
sim: 【近】dominate, domineer, preponderate, reign
zhuji: 【记】 pre前 + vail 有利，有用，比.更有利，有用；pre + value 预先有价值，就是抢先占领价值<br>【另】 avail 有助, 有用, 有利,效用, 利益， available 可用到的, 可用的, 有用的, 有空的

正面: luminous
symbol: [ˈluːmɪnəs]
definition: i.　adj. emitting or reflecting usually steady, suffused, or glowing light 发光的
ii.　adj. notably outstanding because of dignity or achievements: illustrious 杰出的/优秀的
sim: 【近】beaming, effulgent, incandescent, lucent, radiant, refulgent
zhuji: 【记】 illuminate 说明，照亮<br>【另】 illuminate 说明，阐明，照明，照亮，lumen 流明（光通量单位）

正面: facetious
symbol: [fəˈsiːʃəs]
definition: adj. joking or jesting often inappropriately: waggish 爱开玩笑的/不严肃的
sim: 【近】witty, jocose, jocular, jesting, droll
ano: 【反】grave, solemn, stern, somber
zhuji: 【记】 face 脸，互联网聊天时最常见的脸就是笑脸，及各种挤眉弄眼的开玩笑的笑脸 :) ；) :=)；face<br>+ 音：舌，嘻皮笑脸，巧舌如簧

正面: truculent
symbol: [ˈtrʌkjələnt]
definition: i.　adj. feeling or displaying ferocity: cruel 残忍的/野蛮的
ii.　adj. aggressively self-assertive: belligerent 好斗的/敌对的
sim: 【近】bellicose, combative, contentious, gladiatorial, pugnacious, quarrelsome, scrappy
zhuji: 【记】 音：杵死哭了，凶手杵死吓哭人；truck cool 卡车很酷地开，横冲直撞；truck + cruel 残忍的卡车，战车；国外的大卡车长得和火车头差不多，还开得飞快，很多事故都因它而起→凶猛

正面: topsy-turvy
symbol: [ˌtɑːpsi ˈtɜːrvi]
definition: n. a condition of total disorder: chaos 混乱/无秩序
zhuji: 【记】 top顶 + turf 草皮,顶端碰到草皮,颠倒

正面: provisional
symbol: [prəˈvɪʒənl]
definition: adj. serving for the time being: temporary 暂时的
sim: 【近】conditional, provisionary, tentative, contingent, makeshift
zhuji: 【记】 provide 供应的，临时供应，预备的东西只是临时的，消耗完了就没了

正面: axiomatic
symbol: [ˌæksiəˈmætɪk]
definition: adj. taken for granted: self-evident, manifest (像公理一样)不证自明的
zhuji: 【记】 axiom 公理，大家都知道的

正面: waver
symbol: [ˈweɪvər]
definition: v. to vacillate irresolutely between choices: hesitate 犹豫/摇摆

正面: shackle
symbol: [ˈʃækl]
definition: v. to deprive of freedom of action by means of restrictions or handicaps: impede 束缚/限制
sim: 【近】hamper, clog, curb, entrammel, fetter, leash
zhuji: 【记】 音：手铐<br>To err is human.　　人非圣贤，孰能无过。

正面: irrefutable
symbol: [ˌɪrɪˈfjuːtəbl]
definition: adj. impossible to refute: incontrovertible 难以推翻的/不可否认的
sim: 【近】inarguable, incontestable, indisputable, indubitable, uncontestable

正面: convivial
symbol: [kənˈvɪviəl]
definition: adj. occupied with feasting, drinking, and good company 欢乐的/饮酒作乐的
sim: 【近】companionable, sociable, vivacious, jocund, jolly

正面: cede
symbol: [siːd]
definition: v. to yield or grant typically by treaty: surrender (被迫)放弃/割让
sim: 【近】relinquish, abandon, resign, waive, yield
zhuji: 【记】 cede go, 有让步的意思，withdrawl, yied；音：舍地，舍去，放弃土地<br>【另】 cede 让步, accede 同意,concede 承认，让步，intercede 调解，precede 先于，recede 后退<br>，retrocede 交还，secede 退出，supercede 紧接着到来，取代；exceed 超出，proceed 前进，succeed 继任，成功

正面: jeopardize
symbol: [ˈdʒepərdaɪz]
definition: v. to expose to danger or risk: imperil 危害/使处于危险之中
sim: 【近】endanger, compromise, hazard, menace, peril, risk

正面: desiccate
symbol: [ˈdesɪkeɪt]
definition: i.　v. to preserve by drying: dehydrate 使干燥/脱水
ii.　v. to drain of emotional or intellectual vitality: devitalize 使(感情/智力)枯竭
sim: 【近】deplete, drain, exhaust, wither, wizen
ano: 【反】saturate, soak, drench, douse, drown
zhuji: 【记】 音：得 + sic 得病身体会干燥干枯<br>【另】 exsiccate 使干燥

正面: vacillate
symbol: [ˈvæsəleɪt]
definition: v. to waver in mind, will, or feeling: hesitate in choice of opinions or courses: stagger 犹豫/摇摆
zhuji: 【记】 同oscillate 振荡，这两个单词后半部分相同；vaccinate 疫苗 + ill，想种疫苗，又怕得病→踌躇

正面: genesis
symbol: [ˈdʒenəsɪs]
definition: n. the origin or coming into being of something 起源/产生
sim: 【近】commencement, inception, dawn, outset, setout

正面: impromptu
symbol: [ɪmˈprɑːmptuː]
definition: adj. composed or uttered without previous preparation: extemporaneous 即兴的
sim: 【近】extemporary, improvised, offhand, unrehearsed
zhuji: 【记】 im, in + prompt 即时的；prompt- 时间，即时<br>【另】 prompt 即时的, 敏捷的, 迅速的,

正面: negligible
symbol: [ˈneɡlɪdʒəbl]
definition: adj. so small or unimportant as to warrant little or no attention: trifling 琐碎的/忽略不计的

正面: debauchery
symbol: [dɪˈbɔːtʃəri]
definition: n. extreme indulgence in sensuality 放荡/堕落
sim: 【近】depravity, corruption, decadence, dissolution

正面: crestfallen
symbol: [ˈkrestfɔːlən]
definition: adj. feeling shame or humiliation: dejected 沮丧的/气馁的
sim: 【近】downcast, dejected, depressed, deflated, disconsolate
ano: 【反】elated
zhuji: 【记】 crest 鸟头顶的冠 + fallen→鸡冠下垂→挫败；crescendo(increase) + est 逐渐增强到最高级→顶点

正面: replete
symbol: [rɪˈpliːt]
definition: adj. fully or abundantly provided or filled: full 充满…的
sim: 【近】abounding, overflowing, rife, teeming, thronged
zhuji: 【记】 re再 + plete 满，complete 充满

正面: construe
symbol: [kənˈstruː]
definition: v. to understand or explain the sense or intention: interpret 分析/解读
sim: 【近】explicate, expound

正面: manumit
symbol: [ˌmænjuˈmɪt]
definition: v. to release from slavery: free 解放/释放
sim: 【近】discharge, emancipate, liberate, unchain, unshackle
ano: 【反】fetter, shackle, confine, circumscribe, chain
zhuji: 【记】 manu- 手 + mit 送，走，放手，释放；man 人，男人 + mit 走，送，释放奴隶<br>【另】 admit 容许，commit 提交，干(坏事),demit 辞职，emit 发出，放射，remit 传送，提交，宽恕<br>，延迟，permit 许可，intermit 中断，断断续续，omit 省略，submit 提交，使服从，summit (sum 总和+ MIT 麻省理工→顶点)顶点，最高层，transmit 传送

正面: acerbic
symbol: [əˈsɜːrbɪk]
definition: adj. acid in temper, mood, or tone 尖酸的/刻薄的
sim: 【近】sour, acidulous, tart, sarcastic, caustic, corrosive
zhuji: 【记】 ace 扑克牌的A 尖，尖酸 + bitter 苦→尖酸苦涩；音：涩 + bitter<br>【另】 exacerbate 恶化，激怒

正面: sedulous
symbol: [ˈsedʒələs]
definition: adj. involving or accomplished with careful perseverance and diligence 勤奋的/辛劳的
sim: 【近】assiduous, diligent, industrious, operose, unremitting
ano: 【反】indolent, lethargic, slothful, sluggish, idle
zhuji: 【记】 形义近于assiduous 勤勉的, 刻苦的；sed 坐 + 音：久，坐久了就是勤奋；sit + 音：读摞书，坐着读一摞书；<br>【另】 industrious 勤勉的 (都含duous)

正面: abscond
symbol: [əbˈskɑːnd]
definition: v. to depart secretly and hide oneself: decamp 潜逃/偷偷溜走
zhuji: 【记】 源自conceal cond 隐藏；ab 不 + scold 责骂，避免责骂就潜藏起来逃亡<br>【另】 abscond 潜逃，recondite 深奥的, 隐藏的,sconce 壁突式烛台,头盖，筑保垒防卫,ensconce 隐藏

正面: inkling
symbol: [ˈɪŋklɪŋ]
definition: n. a slight indication or suggestion: hint 暗示/迹象
sim: 【近】clue, cue, indication, intimation, suggestion, telltale
zhuji: 【记】 ink 墨水 + ling 小，少的；一点墨水→痕迹，墨痕→迹象

正面: capitulate
symbol: [kəˈpɪtʃuleɪt]
definition: v. to surrender and cease resisting often after negotiation of terms: acquiesce 屈服/投降/不反抗
sim: 【近】yield, buckle, cave, submit, succumb
zhuji: 【记】 capital + late 首都,(我们来)晚了,没想到你已经停止抵抗,都投降了

正面: undergird
symbol: [ˌʌndərˈɡərd]
definition: v. to form the basis or foundation of: strengthen, support 加强/巩固
sim: 【近】bolster, brace, buttress, shore up, sustain, uphold
zhuji: 【记】 under + gird 束腰，横梁，下面加个横梁

正面: facile
symbol: [ˈfæsl]
definition: i.　adj. easily accomplished or attained: effortless 容易的/不费力的
ii.　adj. readily manifested and often lacking sincerity or depth: superficial 肤浅的/浅薄的
sim: 【近】shallow, simplistic, flippant
zhuji: 【记】 类似superficial ；facilitate 是使容易，facile 是容易

正面: dictatorial
symbol: [ˌdɪktəˈtɔːriəl]
definition: adj. oppressive to or arrogantly overbearing toward others: authoritative 专制的/独裁的
sim: 【近】doctrinaire, dogmatic, despotic, magisterial, totalitarian
ano: 【反】egalitarian, democratic

正面: assail
symbol: [əˈseɪl]
definition: v. to attack violently with blows or words 攻击/质问
sim: 【近】aggress, assault, beset, strike, belabor, pummel
zhuji: 【记】 as+sail 正当战舰开船，航行时发起猛烈攻击<br>【另】 assassin 暗杀, assault 攻击

正面: arch
symbol: [ɑːrtʃ]
definition: i.　adj. principal, chief 主要的
ii.　adj. deliberately playful, ironic, or impudent: mischievous, saucy 调皮的/嬉戏的
sim: 【近】impish, playful, waggish

正面: ascetic
symbol: [əˈsetɪk]
definition: i.　adj. practicing strict self-denial as a measure of personal and spiritual discipline 禁欲的/苦行的
ii.　adj. austere in appearance, manner, or attitude 简朴的/有节制的
sim: 【近】abstemious, forbearing
zhuji: 【记】 a scientist 一个科学家就是个苦行者，刻苦搞科研；exercise，炼，锻炼，苦行，精神修行→禁欲

正面: belabor
symbol: [bɪˈleɪbər]
definition: i.　v. to attack verbally 抨击
ii.　v. to explain or insist on excessively 过度说明
sim: 【近】baste, buffet, drub, lambaste, pound, thrash
zhuji: 【记】 be + labor 做为(be)一个苦力工人(labor)，需要能忍受痛斥，痛打，和冗长的分析讨论与教导

正面: pirate
symbol: [ˈpaɪrət]
definition: v. to take or appropriate without authorization 盗用
zhuji: 【记】 empire + ate 帝国吃海盗，海盗很猖獗，常侵扰国民，帝国的国王恨不得生吃了这帮海盗

正面: factious
symbol: [ˈfækʃəs]
definition: adj. dissenting with the majority, or arousing to rebellion: seditious 分裂成派系的/叛逆的
sim: 【近】insubordinate, contumacious, insurgent, mutinous, rebellious
ano: 【反】cooperative, companionable, gregarious, acquiescent, compliant

正面: upbraid
symbol: [ʌpˈbreɪd]
definition: v. to criticize severely or reproach severely: scold 责骂/训斥
zhuji: 【记】 up + braid 往上揪辫子，或举起编的鞭子 <br>upfront adj.坦率的 <br>【记】 到台上，前面来，而不是在后面underhand

正面: strident
symbol: [ˈstraɪdnt]
definition: adj. characterized by harsh, insistent, and discordant sound: vociferous 刺耳的/尖锐的
sim: 【近】blatant, boisterous, clamorous, loud, obstreperous
zhuji: 【记】 音：死踹凳，死命地踹凳子，在地上发出刺耳声音；音：驶 + trident三叉戟 驾驶三叉戟飞机发出的声音；一队人stride 正在大步行走，发出刺耳噪音；

正面: eclectic
symbol: [ɪˈklektɪk]
definition: adj. composed of elements drawn from various sources: heterogeneous 来源多样的/博采众长的
zhuji: 【记】 源自select,elect ，ec 外 + lect 选择<br>【另】 collect 收集，elect 选举 选择 , select, neglect 忽视

正面: morose
symbol: [məˈroʊs]
definition: adj. having a sullen and gloomy disposition: melancholy 忧郁的
sim: 【近】crabbed, dour, saturnine, surly
ano: 【反】blithe, jocund, jolly, jovial
zhuji: 【记】 音：没 rose 没有玫瑰，女孩会不高兴；more rose 更多玫瑰，在女友不高兴的时候，送她更多玫瑰；

正面: countermand
symbol: [ˈkaʊntərmænd]
definition: v. to revoke a command by a contrary order: cancel, annul 撤销(命令)/废除
zhuji: 【记】 counter + command

正面: enervate
symbol: [ˈenərveɪt]
definition: v. to lessen the vitality or strength of: unnerve 使虚弱/使劳累/消耗
sim: 【近】emasculate, unstring, debilitate, devitalize, exhaust, fatigue, jade, weary
ano: 【反】activate, energize, vitalize, galvanize, stimulate
zhuji: 【记】 e 出，减少 + nerve 神经, 力量，胆量, 勇气；nerve 指精神或身体上的力量, have the nerve to sayno 有勇气说不；看成 engery + 音：无→无能量，无力量

正面: oscillate
symbol: [ˈɑːsɪleɪt]
definition: v. to vary or hesitate between opposing beliefs, feelings, or theories: swing 犹豫/摇摆
zhuji: 【记】 scale 天平，天平总是摇摆不定

正面: rancorous
symbol: [ˈræŋkərəs]
definition: adj. marked by ill will: deeply malevolent 恶意的/仇恨的
sim: 【近】malicious, despiteful, malignant, spiteful, vicious, wicked

正面: elucidate
symbol: [iˈluːsɪdeɪt]
definition: v. to make lucid especially by explanation or analysis: clarify 阐明/解释
sim: 【近】explain, illuminate, illustrate, exemplify, enlighten
zhuji: 【记】 lucid 明晰的，音：流晰的，弄明白； illustrate，illuminate，<br>【另】 illuminate说明， illustrate (用例子，图画)说明， elucidate 阐明，lucid 明晰的，pellucid 透明的，易懂的，translucent 半透明的

正面: redoubtable
symbol: [rɪˈdaʊtəbl]
definition: i.　adj. causing fear or alarm: formidable 可怕的
ii.　adj. worthy of respect: eminent 杰出的/值得尊敬的
sim: 【近】celebrated, distinguished, famed, illustrious, prominent, renowned
zhuji: 【记】 double 怀疑，恐怕， 古语中有恐怕的意思，诚惶成恐；恐怕这案子是他做的

正面: ingrained
symbol: [ɪnˈɡreɪnd]
definition: adj. forming a part of the essence or firmly fixed or held: deep-rooted 根深蒂固的/先天的
sim: 【近】inherent, congenital, inborn, inbred, indwelling, innate, intrinsic
zhuji: 【记】 in 里面 + grain 木纹 + ed，木纹里面的

正面: deleterious
symbol: [ˌdeləˈtɪriəs]
definition: adj. harmful often in a subtle or unexpected way: pernicious 有害的
sim: 【近】detrimental, injurious, mischievous, nocuous
ano: 【反】salutary, advantageous, profitable, salubrious, wholesome
zhuji: 【记】 delete 删除有害的(如色情信息)，或有毒的(病毒程序)

正面: eminent
symbol: [ˈemɪnənt]
definition: i.　adj. standing out so as to be readily perceived or noted: conspicuous 明显的/突出的
ii.　adj. exhibiting fame especially in standing: prominent, famous 杰出的/著名的
sim: 【近】celebrated, distinguished, famed, illustrious, notable, renowned
zhuji: 【记】 源自mount 山，指突出，同prominent；音：艾美，美国艾美奖很著名<br>【另】 eminent 著名的，显著的，imminent 即将发生的，临近的，prominent 突出的，卓越的，<br>He is not to be subdued by force nor swerved by poverty. 威武不能屈 ,贫贱不能移。

正面: dwindle
symbol: [ˈdwɪndl]
definition: v. to become steadily less: shrink, decrease 减小/缩小/退化
sim: 【近】abate, diminish, lessen, taper, wane, extenuate
zhuji: 【记】 音：低 + wind 风力降低→变小；wind 大漠的古城池，都风化成土堆了，随风而逝，逐渐变小

正面: ruminate
symbol: [ˈruːmɪneɪt]
definition: v. to go over in the mind repeatedly and often casually or slowly: reflect 沉思/反复思考
sim: 【近】ponder, deliberate, meditate, excogitate
zhuji: 【记】 音：乳糜，一种类似酸奶的乳制品，牛把乳糜反刍；音：肉糜 + in + ate 吃，将酸奶，肉吃进去反复嚼成肉糜，反复咀嚼，琢磨，引申为沉思；音：入迷→沉思

正面: adulterate
symbol: [əˈdʌltəreɪt]
definition: v. to corrupt, debase, or make impure by the addition of an inferior element 掺假/使不纯
sim: 【近】contaminate, taint, infect, mar
ano: 【反】purify, refine, fortify
zhuji: 【记】 源自ad + alter 改变，将原来的东西掺东西→掺假；adult + alteration 成人修改，成年人常有修改东西，掺假之类的坏事，更可耻的还有通奸乱伦的事情。<br>【另】 与adulate的区别在于，adulterate 接近于alteration变更，结尾有个rate 等级，比率，掺点假使等级改变

正面: demonstrable
symbol: [dɪˈmɑːnstrəbl]
definition: adj. necessarily or demonstrably true: incontrovertible 显而易见的/可论证的

正面: preclude
symbol: [prɪˈkluːd]
definition: v. to make impossible by necessary consequence: rule out in advance: prevent 预防/提前排除
sim: 【近】avert, deter, forestall, forfend, obviate, ward
zhuji: 【记】 pre + clude close 预先排除在外<br>【另】 include 包括在内，exclude 排除在外

正面: expurgate
symbol: [ˈekspərɡeɪt]
definition: v. to cleanse of something morally harmful, offensive, or erroneous 删除/删改
sim: 【近】purify, cleanse, lustrate, censor, bowdlerize, screen
zhuji: 【记】 ex 出 + purge 净化, 清除；几乎与expunge(擦去)相同<br>【另】 purge 净化, 清除,expunge 擦去,抹去

正面: diminutive
symbol: [dɪˈmɪnjətɪv]
definition: adj. exceptionally or notably small: tiny 微型的/极小的
sim: 【近】miniature, minute, teensy, weeny

正面: fickle
symbol: [ˈfɪkl]
definition: adj. lacking steadfastness or stability: erratic and changeable: inconstant 多变的/不稳定的
sim: 【近】capricious, lubricious, mercurial, temperamental, ticklish, volatile
zhuji: 【记】 fiction 小说中的爱情多是易变的，flicker 闪烁不定

正面: telling
symbol: [ˈtelɪŋ]
definition: adj. carrying weight and producing a marked effect: expressive 有效的/显著的
sim: 【近】valid, cogent, convincing, solid, sound
zhuji: 【记】 来自tell 告诉,表明,产生效果

正面: extirpate
symbol: [ˈekstərpeɪt]
definition: v. to destroy completely: wipe out 根除/消灭
sim: 【近】annihilate, demolish, eliminate, eradicate, exterminate, extinguish, uproot, efface

正面: obfuscate
symbol: [ˈɑːbfʌskeɪt]
definition: i.　v. to make obscure: befog 使模糊/使暗淡
ii.　v. to confuse: puzzle 使困惑
sim: 【近】blur, baffle, bewilder, confound
zhuji: 【记】 ob 不好，非 + fuse 保险丝，保险丝断了就黑喑了；使困惑的意思同confuse<br>【另】 confuse 都熔在一起了→使混淆，defuse 去掉雷管，diffuse 向外熔化流动→ 散开, 弥漫，effuse<br>涌出流出，fuse 熔化成液体，熔合，雷管，引信，infuse 流入，interfuse 混合，obfuscate 使困惑，暗淡，perfuse 灌注，profuse 充满，丰富，refuse 再熔化成没有的东西→废物，拒绝，suffuse 充满<br>，transfuse 注入，灌输

正面: schism
symbol: [ˈskɪzəm]
definition: n. division of a group into opposing factions: discord, disharmony 分裂/矛盾
sim: 【近】chasm, cleavage, cleft, split, divergence, breach, rupture
zhuji: 【记】 scheme 阴谋→阴谋来组织分裂；形意近于chasm 裂口；school + ism主义，学校中各种主义学说→分成很多派；s + chisel 凿子→凿裂；scissor 剪刀，是分裂东西用的；

正面: treacherous
symbol: [ˈtretʃərəs]
definition: i.　adj. likely to betray trust: perfidious, faithless 背叛的/不忠诚的
ii.　adj. marked by hidden dangers, hazards, or perils: dangerous 危险的/不可靠的
sim: 【近】hazardous, jeopardous, perilous, risky, precarious
ano: 【反】loyal, faithful, allegiant

正面: stationary
symbol: [ˈsteɪʃəneri]
definition: adj. fixed in a station, course, or mode: immobile 固定的/静止的
sim: 【近】static, stagnant, unchanging

正面: seclude
symbol: [sɪˈkluːd]
definition: v. to remove or separate from intercourse or outside influence: isolate 隔离/孤立
sim: 【近】cloister, sequester, retire, withdraw, confine, enclose, immure

正面: obstinate
symbol: [ˈɑːbstɪnət]
definition: adj. perversely adhering to an opinion in spite of reason or persuasion: intransigent 固执的
sim: 【近】headstrong, incompliant, mulish, pertinacious, perverse, refractory, willful
ano: 【反】acquiescent, complaisant, submissive, pliable, pliant, yielding
zhuji: 【记】 ob 不 + destination 目标，不达目的不罢休→倔强；近于pertinacious 固执的；<br>【另】 tenacious 顽强的

正面: futile
symbol: [ˈfjuːtl]
definition: i.　adj. serving no useful purpose: completely ineffective 无效的/徒劳的
ii.　adj. occupied with trifles: frivolous 琐碎的/不重要的
sim: 【近】abortive, bootless, fruitless, unproductive, vain
ano: 【反】efficacious, fruitful, beneficial, profitable, effective

正面: reprobate
symbol: [ˈreprəbeɪt]
definition: i.　v. to condemn strongly as unworthy, unacceptable, or evil: criticize 批评
ii.　v. to refuse to accept: reject 拒绝
iii.　adj. morally corrupt: depraved 邪恶的/堕落的
sim: 【近】immoral, iniquitous, sinful, vicious, wicked
zhuji: 【记】 re 反 + probate 查证，prob-有去调查，证明，结果是好的意思，类似reprove；re重复 +<br>probable 可能，大概，反复跟老板说你的观点是可能大概的，会受到指责，查清楚再说，不准有可能这个词；re + problem 反复出问题<br>【另】 probate 遗嘱检验，probe 探测器，探查, 查明，approbate 许可, 承认，disapprobation 不答应,<br>opprobrious 无礼的, 该骂的, 不赞成， probity 正直

正面: ambience
symbol: [ˈæmbiəns]
definition: n. a feeling or mood associated with a particular place, person, or thing: atmosphere 气氛/环境
sim: 【近】environment, climate, milieu, surroundings

正面: docile
symbol: [ˈdɑːsl]
definition: adj. easily led or managed: tractable 温顺的/易管教的
sim: 【近】obedient, amenable, biddable, tractable, pliable, pliant
ano: 【反】intractable, obstinate, obdurate, willful, recalcitrant

正面: extinguish
symbol: [ɪkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ]
definition: i.　v. to reduce to ineffectiveness or bring to an end: smother 压制/消灭
ii.　v. to cause to cease burning: quench 熄灭
sim: 【近】crush, annihilate, quash, quell, squash, suppress
ano: 【反】inflame
zhuji: 【记】 ex 出 + stingu，近于stick 将(燃烧的)木棍，木头，取出来，没木头了火就灭了<br>【另】 distinguish(把木头挑出来)区别, 辨别, distinguished 卓著的, 著名的,extinguish(木头取出) 熄灭,消灭

正面: corroborate
symbol: [kəˈrɑːbəreɪt]
definition: v. to support with evidence or authority: confirm 证实
sim: 【近】authenticate, justify, substantiate, validate, verify
ano: 【反】invalidate, nullify, negate, contradict
zhuji: 【记】 cor + robust

正面: unruly
symbol: [ʌnˈruːli]
definition: adj. not readily ruled, disciplined, or managed: intractable 倔强的/难驾驭的
sim: 【近】fractious, indomitable, recalcitrant, untoward, contumacious
ano: 【反】docile, obedient, amenable, biddable, pliable, pliant
zhuji: 【记】 un 不，ruly＝rule（v.统治）－没法统治的

正面: partisan
symbol: [ˈpɑːrtəzn]
definition: adj. exhibiting blind, prejudiced, and unreasoning allegiance to a cause 偏袒…的/盲目支持…的
sim: 【近】biased, colored, jaundiced, partial, prejudiced, prepossessed, tendentious
zhuji: 【记】 party党 + san 人→党人<br>【另】 artisan 工匠, 技工

正面: ascribe
symbol: [əˈskraɪb]
definition: v. to refer to a supposed cause, source, or author: attribute 把…归因于
sim: 【近】accredit, assign, credit, impute

正面: grandiloquent
symbol: [ɡrænˈdɪləkwənt]
definition: adj. lofty, extravagantly colorful, pompous, or bombastic especially in language 夸张的/浮夸的
sim: 【近】rhetorical, aureate, declamatory, euphuistic, magniloquent, sonorous, swollen
zhuji: 【记】 grandi 大 + logue 说话<br>【另】 apologue 寓言，道德故事，collogue 畅谈，dialogue 对话, colloquy 谈话, eloquent 雄辩的, 有口才的，grandiloquent 夸张的，loquacious 多话的，magniloquent 夸张的，obloquy 漫骂,soliloquy 自言自语, 独白，ventriloquy 腹语术

正面: demur
symbol: [dɪˈmɜːr]
definition: v. to take exception: object, protest 反对/抗议
sim: 【近】balk, boggle, expostulate, remonstrate
ano: 【反】accede, succumb, concur, subscribe
zhuji: 【记】 de否定 + murmur 咕哝, 怨言；咕哝地抱怨表示否定，反对

正面: fulminate
symbol: [ˈfʊlmɪneɪt]
definition: v. to utter or send out with denunciation: criticize 批评/斥责
sim: 【近】rail, rant, spout, harangue
zhuji: 【记】 full 充满 + mine 地雷→充满地雷的→爆炸；full 充满 + min 最小,(气体逐渐)充满，但是空间反而变为最小时，会导致爆炸

正面: arbitrary
symbol: [ˈɑːrbətreri]
definition: adj. existing seemingly at random or by chance or as a capricious act of will 随意的/多变的
sim: 【近】erratic, freakish, vagarious, wayward, whimsical
ano: 【反】circumspect, discreet, heedful, judicious, judicial, prudent
zhuji: 【记】 音形近habit 习惯，人总根据惯性而不根据原则的作专断决定

正面: deluge
symbol: [ˈdeljuːdʒ]
definition: v. to overflow with water: inundate 发洪水/泛滥
sim: 【近】flood, overwhelm, swamp, drown, submerge
zhuji: 【记】 de加强 + luge (luv 冲洗)→冲掉→大洪水；音：地流汁，地上流水汁<br>【另】 deluvial 大洪水的， dilute 冲淡

正面: effrontery
symbol: [ɪˈfrʌntəri]
definition: n. shameless boldness: insolence 放肆/无礼
sim: 【近】brashness, brass, presumption, temerity
zhuji: 【记】 ef不，反意 + front 不要脸，不好的面对，厚颜无耻的

正面: manifold
symbol: [ˈmænɪfoʊld]
definition: i.　adj. marked by diversity or variety 多样的/多方面的
ii.　v. to make multiple: multiply 增多/增加
sim: 【近】aggrandize, augment, boost, compound, magnify

正面: aboveboard
symbol: [əˈbʌvbɔːrd]
definition: adj. in a straightforward manner: openly 光明正大的/直率的
sim: 【近】forthright, straight, scrupulous, artless, ingenuous
ano: 【反】clandestine, covert, furtive, surreptitious, underhanded
zhuji: 【记】 above 在上面 + board 木板 →一切都放到桌面上谈，原指玩牌时手都拿到桌上来

正面: dissipate
symbol: [ˈdɪsɪpeɪt]
definition: i.　v. to cause to spread thin or scatter and gradually vanish (使)消失/(使)散开
ii.　v. to spend or use up wastefully or foolishly 挥霍/浪费
sim: 【近】waste, blunder, consume, squander
zhuji: 【记】 dis 反义 + sip 小口的喝→大喝，挥霍；乱花，千金散尽，散开，失去；音：嬉皮，嬉皮士喜欢挥霍，玩世不恭，雅皮士勤劳谦逊<br>【另】 与disperse 驱散，散开 形义相近

正面: auspicious
symbol: [ɔːˈspɪʃəs]
definition: adj. affording a favorable omen: propitious 吉利的/吉兆的
sim: 【近】benign, fortunate, rosy
ano: 【反】ominous, portentous, adverse, antagonistic
zhuji: 【记】 au金的化学元素 + spic(spec 看)→看到金子→吉兆的；<br>【另】 aurum 金(化学元素AU)

正面: maladroit
symbol: [ˌmæləˈdrɔɪt]
definition: adj. lacking skillfulness: inept 笨拙的/不灵巧的
sim: 【近】awkward, bumbling, clumsy, gauche, ham-handed, lumbering, tactless
ano: 【反】adroit, deft, dexterous, handy, cunning, ingenious
zhuji: 【记】 mal 不，坏 + adroit 熟练的, 机捷的；adroit　记：draw it→能画画的是熟练的

正面: acquiesce
symbol: [ˌækwiˈes]
definition: v. to accept, comply, or submit tacitly or passively: assent 默许/勉强同意/被迫接受
sim: 【近】accede, consent, subscribe, concur
ano: 【反】balk, demur, remonstrate, dissent
zhuji: 【记】 ac肯定 + quiet 安静→沉默的肯定→默认

正面: incipient
symbol: [ɪnˈsɪpiənt]
definition: adj. beginning to come into being or to become apparent 最初的/早期的
sim: 【近】initial, initiative, nascent, embryonic
zhuji: 【记】 inception 开端

正面: propitiate
symbol: [prəˈpɪʃieɪt]
definition: v. to gain or regain the favor or goodwill of: appease, conciliate 安抚/与…和解
sim: 【近】pacify, assuage, mollify, placate
zhuji: 【记】 pro支持 + appetite 胃口 爱好，欲望→投其所好，以获欢心与赏识，关键在欢心，好；pro前 + <br>pity 同情，怜悯，遗憾 + ate动词, 看别人可怜就上前去抚慰<br>The love of money is the root of all evil. 贪财是万恶之源。

正面: painstaking
symbol: [ˈpeɪnzteɪkɪŋ]
definition: adj. involving diligent care and effort: taking pains: careful 仔细的/辛苦的/勤勉的
sim: 【近】conscientious, exact, heedful, meticulous, punctilious, scrupulous
zhuji: 【记】 take pain

正面: austere
symbol: [ɔːˈstɪr]
definition: i.　adj. morally strict: ascetic 苦行的/禁欲的
ii.　adj. markedly simple or unadorned 朴素的/无修饰的
iii.　adj. stern and cold in appearance or manner: somber, grave 严肃的/苛刻的
zhuji: 【记】 au 金 + stern 严厉 sterile 贫脊不育；严厉并且没有金→很朴素

正面: tacit
symbol: [ˈtæsɪt]
definition: adj. implied or indicated but not actually expressed 暗示的/未明确表达的
sim: 【近】implicit, inarticulate, inferred, intimated, alluded
zhuji: 【记】 音：叹息的，叹息一声，陷入沉默，彼此心照不宣；tact it, tact 接触，触摸它，瞎子及聋哑人靠手来感觉触摸东西，心里明白是什么却说不出来→心照不宣<br>【另】 implicit 暗示的 (结尾都是cit)，contact 接触，taciturn 沉默的,tacit 心里明白但口头不说

正面: indiscriminate
symbol: [ˌɪndɪˈskrɪmɪnət]
definition: i.　adj. not marked by careful discernment or distinction: sweeping 不加区分的/大范围的
ii.　adj. haphazard or random 任意的/随意的
iii.　adj. heterogeneous, motley 杂乱的/混合的
sim: 【近】miscellaneous, promiscuous; broad, extensive
ano: 【反】selective, choosy, discriminating

正面: scarce
symbol: [skers]
definition: adj. deficient in quantity or number compared with the demand: inadequate 缺乏的/稀有的
sim: 【近】short, failing, insufficient, scanty, wanting
ano: 【反】ample, bounteous, sufficient, abundant

正面: overlook
symbol: [ˌoʊvərˈlʊk]
definition: i.　v. to look over: inspect 仔细检查/查阅
ii.　v. to look past or fail to notice: ignore 忽略/无视
iii.　v. to superintend or oversee: supervise 监督/主管
sim: 【近】neglect, blink, discount, disregard, omit, overpass, slight

正面: deplete
symbol: [dɪˈpliːt]
definition: v. to lessen markedly in quantity, content, power, or value: exhaust 耗尽/使枯竭
sim: 【近】bankrupt, drain, impoverish; debilitate, enfeeble, sap, undermine
ano: 【反】renew, replace; bolster, fortify, strengthen, restore
zhuji: 【记】 de 否定 + plete 满→倒空<br>【另】 complete完成，完全的； replete 充满的

正面: subordinate v.
symbol: [səˈbɔːrdɪneɪt]
definition: i.　v. to treat as of less value or importance 使次要/不重视
ii.　v. to make subject or subservient 使服从/使从属
iii.　adj. submissive to or controlled by authority 从属的/次要的
sim: 【近】collateral, secondary, auxiliary, subsidiary, inferior, accessory
zhuji: 【记】 sub 以下 + order 顺序，命令，按顺序或命令都在下边<br>What we do willingly is easy. 世上无难事，只要肯登攀。

正面: diffuse adj.
symbol: [dɪˈfjuːs]
definition: i.　adj. being at once verbose and ill-organized: wordy 冗长的/杂乱的
ii.　v. to spread out or become transmitted especially by contact: extend, scatter 扩散/传播
sim: 【近】circulate, disperse, disseminate, distribute, propagate, radiate
ano: 【反】concentrate, compact, consolidate, centralize, focus
zhuji: 【记】 dis 四处散开 + fuse 流动，熔化的词根<br>【另】 confuse 都熔在一起了→使混淆，defuse 去掉雷管，diffuse 向外熔化流动→ 散开, 弥漫，effuse<br>涌出流出，fuse 熔化成液体，熔合，雷管，引信，infuse 流入，interfuse 混合，obfuscate 使困惑，暗淡，perfuse 灌注，profuse 充满，丰富，refuse 再熔化成没有的东西→废物，拒绝，suffuse 充满<br>，transfuse 注入，灌输

正面: inhibit
symbol: [ɪnˈhɪbɪt]
definition: i.　v. to hold in check: restrain 抑制/禁止
ii.　v. to discourage from free or spontaneous activity 使不自然/使拘谨
sim: 【近】bridle, check, constrain, curb, withhold
ano: 【反】activate, animate

正面: bland
symbol: [blænd]
definition: i.　adj. lacking taste or flavor: insipid 清淡的/乏味的
ii.　adj. exhibiting no personal concern or embarrassment: unperturbed 不在意的/淡定的
iii.　adj. smooth and soothing in manner or quality: suave 和蔼的/文雅的
sim: 【近】civilized, mild, urbane, good-natured, ingratiating
ano: 【反】bluff, brusque
zhuji: 【记】 blind 瞎子是面无表情的；音：白兰地，味道温和不刺激，平淡，要不怎么叫“白”兰地呢；blank，

正面: expel
symbol: [ɪkˈspel]
definition: v. to force to leave by official action: eject 驱逐/开除
sim: 【近】banish, deport, exile, expatriate, oust

正面: consensus
symbol: [kənˈsensəs]
definition: n. general agreement: unanimity 共识/一致意见
sim: 【近】accord, harmony, consent
zhuji: 【记】 con 同 + sens 感觉→同感

正面: mediocre
symbol: [ˌmiːdiˈoʊkər]
definition: adj. of moderate or low quality, value, ability, or performance: ordinary, so-so 普通的/平庸的
sim: 【近】fairish, inferior, commonplace, unexceptional
zhuji: 【记】 medi 中间的，中等的 + acre 土地，英亩，不是优良土地，只是中间平均水平的

正面: visionary
symbol: [ˈvɪʒəneri]
definition: i.　adj. incapable of being realized or achieved: unreal 幻想的/不真实的
ii.　adj. having or marked by foresight and imagination: prescient 有远见的
sim: 【近】idealistic, utopian, lofty, quixotic
ano: 【反】practical, pragmatic
zhuji: 【记】 vision 视力, 想象力, 幻影, 景象；看得远的

正面: symmetry
symbol: [ˈsɪmətri]
definition: n. correspondence in size, shape, and relative position: balanced proportions 对称/匀称
sim: 【近】agreement, conformity, proportion, evenness, regularity
zhuji: 【记】 sym 同 + metry 测量单位，meter 米，计量器，同样的米

正面: rigid
symbol: [ˈrɪdʒɪd]
definition: i.　adj. deficient in or devoid of flexibility: stiff 僵硬的/死板的
ii.　adj. precise and accurate in procedure: strict 严格的/精确的
sim: 【近】draconian, ironhanded, rigorous, stringent
ano: 【反】elastic, malleable, pliable, compliant, yielding

正面: impenetrable
symbol: [ɪmˈpenɪtrəbl]
definition: adj. inaccessible to knowledge, reason, or sympathy: impervious 难以理解的
sim: 【近】unfathomable, ungraspable, unintelligible, inscrutable, incomprehensible
zhuji: 【记】 im + penetrable能穿透的 pen +音：能穿，笔能穿过的

正面: discount
symbol: [ˈdɪskaʊnt]
definition: i.　v. to leave out of account: disregard 忽略/无视
ii.　v. to minimize the importance of: decry 贬低/蔑视
sim: 【近】belittle, depreciate, derogate, detract, diminish, disparage

正面: compelling
symbol: [kəmˈpelɪŋ]
definition: i.　adj. demanding attention: captivating 吸引人的
ii.　adj. tending to persuade by forcefulness of argument: convincing 有说服力的
sim: 【近】charming, fascinating, appealing, entrancing
zhuji: 【记】 compel 强制人注意的<br>【另】 appealing 吸引人的

正面: utterance
symbol: [ˈʌtərəns]
definition: i.　n. an oral or written statement: speech 演说/声明
ii.　n. power, style, or manner of speaking 表达方式

正面: ornament
symbol: [ˈɔːrnəmənt]
definition: v. to provide with decoration: adorn 装饰
sim: 【近】beautify, bedeck, embellish, garnish, trim

正面: labyrinthine
symbol: [læbəˈrɪnθaɪn]
definition: adj. of, relating to, or resembling a labyrinth or maze: intricate, involved (像迷宫一样)复杂的
sim: 【近】complex, byzantine, daedal, elaborate, knotty, sophisticated

正面: antagonistic
symbol: [ænˌtæɡəˈnɪstɪk]
definition: adj. actively expressing opposition or hostility: aggressive 敌对的/反抗的
sim: 【近】bitter, rancorous, virulent, vitriolic
ano: 【反】advantageous, auspicious, benign, propitious

正面: skeptical
symbol: [ˈskeptɪkl]
definition: adj. marked by or given to doubt or incredulity: unconvinced 怀疑的/不相信的
sim: 【近】incredulous, questioning, quizzical

正面: moderate v.
symbol: [ˈmɑːdəreɪt]
definition: i.　v. to lessen the intensity or extremeness: alleviate 缓和/减轻
ii.　adj. avoiding extremes of behavior or expression: reasonable 适度的/合理的
iii.　adj. having average or less than average quality: mediocre 中等的/一般般的
sim: 【近】abate, ebb, slacken, subside, wane, mitigate, mollify
ano: 【反】aggravate, heighten, intensify, augment
zhuji: 【记】 近于middle 中间的；mediate　在中间调停，仲裁；modest 谦虚，谦虚就是平和，节制，不过分

正面: aggravate
symbol: [ˈæɡrəveɪt]
definition: i.　v. to make worse, more serious, or more severe: intensify unpleasantly 使恶化/加剧
ii.　v. to rouse to displeasure or anger by usually persistent and often petty goading: irritate 激怒
sim: 【近】exasperate, gall, nettle, peeve, pique, provoke
ano: 【反】appease, calm, tranquilize
zhuji: 【记】 ag + grave 重，沉重，严重→加重<br>【另】 gravity 重力，grieve 悲痛, (使)伤心

正面: inspect
symbol: [ɪnˈspekt]
definition: v. to view closely in critical appraisal: scrutinize 检查/检阅
sim: 【近】canvass, examine, vet

正面: ensuing
symbol: [ɪnˈsjuɪɪŋ]
definition: adj. following immediately and as a result of what went before 紧随其后的/依次到来的
sim: 【近】subsequent, posterior

正面: dismal
symbol: [ˈdɪzməl]
definition: i.　adj. showing or causing gloom or depression: bleak 忧郁的/凄凉的
ii.　adj. lacking merit: particularly bad 无能的/糟糕的
sim: 【近】depressing, disheartening, dreary, funereal, oppressive, somber
ano: 【反】animated, gay, cheerful

正面: courteous
symbol: [ˈkɜːrtiəs]
definition: adj. marked by polished manners, gallantry: civil 有礼貌的/谦逊的
sim: 【近】genteel, well-mannered, considerate
ano: 【反】blunt, brusque, insolent, overbearing, supercilious
zhuji: 【记】 court 宫廷礼节

正面: foster
symbol: [ˈfɔːstər]
definition: i.　v. to give parental care to: nurture 培育/养育
ii.　v. to promote the growth or development of: encourage 促进/激励
sim: 【近】champion, uphold, further
zhuji: 【记】 源自food；音：服伺他，指服伺小孩，老人；要faster，得foster

正面: prelude
symbol: [ˈpreljuːd]
definition: n. an introductory performance or action preceding a later matter: overture 前奏/序曲
sim: 【近】exordium, foreword, preamble, preface, prelusion, prologue

正面: heedless
symbol: [ˈhiːdləs]
definition: adj. not taking care: inconsiderate 不留心的/疏忽的
sim: 【近】careless, feckless, inadvertent, unreflective

正面: appraise
symbol: [əˈpreɪz]
definition: v. to evaluate the worth, significance, or status of: estimate 评定/评估
sim: 【近】assay, assess, deem, rate, value

正面: orthodox
symbol: [ˈɔːrθədɑːks]
definition: adj. conforming to established doctrine especially in religion: conventional 正统的/传统的
sim: 【近】accepted, canonical, sanctioned, sound, customary
ano: 【反】heretical, heterodox
zhuji: 【记】 ortho 正 + dox 学说；author 作者，权力→正统<br>【另】 doxology 上帝赞美诗, 颂歌，heterodox 非正统的，orthodox 正统的,paradox 似非而是的论点,看来自相矛盾而可能对的话，

正面: bootless
symbol: [ˈbutlɪs]
definition: adj. unproductive of success: useless 无用的/徒劳的
sim: 【近】futile, abortive, fruitless, unavailable, vain
zhuji: 【记】 boot less 不穿鞋的人，比如要饭的，流浪汉等，是无用的，与社会无益

正面: deteriorate
symbol: [dɪˈtɪriəreɪt]
definition: v. to become or make inferior or impaired in quality or value: degenerate (使)恶化/破坏
sim: 【近】descend, disintegrate, retrograde, rot, decay, decompose, debilitate
ano: 【反】ameliorate

正面: sluggish
symbol: [ˈslʌɡɪʃ]
definition: i.　adj. averse to activity or exertion: indolent 懒散的/拖沓的
ii.　adj. markedly slow in movement, flow, or growth 缓慢的/迟缓的
sim: 【近】lethargic, comatose, dopey, hebetudinous, slumberous, torpid
ano: 【反】expeditious, speedy, prompt
zhuji: 【记】 发音有点象懒鬼；languish 软弱，憔悴的

正面: flamboyant
symbol: [flæmˈbɔɪənt]
definition: adj. marked by strikingly elaborate or colorful display or behavior: showy 炫耀的/艳丽的
sim: 【近】ostentatious, pretentious, splashy; baroque, florid, rococo
zhuji: 【记】 flame + boy 火孩子

正面: prestigious
symbol: [preˈstɪdʒəs]
definition: adj. having an illustrious reputation: respected 有名声的/受尊敬的
sim: 【近】celebrated, distinguished, eminent, illustrious, prominent, renowned

正面: adverse
symbol: [ˈædvɜːrs]
definition: adj. acting against or opposed to one’s interests or causing harm: unfavorable 不利的/敌对的
sim: 【近】detrimental, deleterious, injurious, antipathetic, counteractive, obstructive
ano: 【反】advantageous, favorable, propitious

正面: indispensable
symbol: [ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl]
definition: adj. absolutely necessary: essential 必要的/不可或缺的
sim: 【近】imperative, prerequisite, cardinal, fundamental
zhuji: 【记】 in 不+ dispensable可少的→不可少的；in不 + expense 消费，花出去，不可弄出去的

正面: charisma
symbol: [kəˈrɪzmə]
definition: i.　n. a special magnetic charm or appeal 魅力/吸引力
ii.　n. a personal magic of leadership arousing popular loyalty or enthusiasm 领导能力
sim: 【近】allure, fascination, glamour, magnetism, witchcraft, witchery
zhuji: 【记】 源近于Christmas, Christ 基督是宗教领袖<br>【另】 Charity 也是源自Christ

正面: degenerate v.
symbol: [dɪˈdʒenəreɪt]
definition: i.　v. to pass from a higher to a lower type or condition: deteriorate 堕落/(使)退化
ii.　v. to decline in quality 下降
iii.　adj. having sunk to a lower and usually corrupt and vicious state: depraved 堕落的/退化的
sim: 【近】flagitious, infamous, miscreant, nefarious, rotten, villainous
ano: 【反】regenerate; ethical, virtuous, upright

正面: merge
symbol: [mɜːrdʒ]
definition: v. to cause to combine, unite, or coalesce: blend 合并/融合
sim: 【近】amalgamate, compound, fuse, interfuse, mingle, meld

正面: collaborate
symbol: [kəˈlæbəreɪt]
definition: v. to work jointly with others or together in an intellectual endeavor: cooperate 合作
zhuji: 【记】 col + labor 劳动→一起劳动

正面: dampen
symbol: [ˈdæmpən]
definition: i.　v. to check or diminish the activity or vigor of: deaden 抑制/阻止
ii.　v. to make damp 使…潮湿
sim: 【近】muffle, mute, stifle
zhuji: 【记】 dam + 音：破，泼，大坝破了，大坝泼水会潮湿；damp + en 使→使潮湿

正面: allure
symbol: [əˈlʊr]
definition: v. to entice by charm or attraction: attract 吸引/诱惑
sim: 【近】bewitch, captivate, draw, enchant, magnetize, wile
ano: 【反】elude, eschew, shun; alienate, disaffect, estrange
zhuji: 【记】 al+lure(引诱)；lure 音：诱饵

正面: supersede
symbol: [ˌsuːpərˈsiːd]
definition: v. to displace in favor of another: replace 取代/代替
sim: 【近】outplace, supplant, surpass
zhuji: 【记】 super + sede 坐；<br>【另】 sedition 煽动叛乱, preside (前面+坐)主持

正面: confine
symbol: [kənˈfaɪn]
definition: i.　v. to keep within limits: circumscribe 限制/束缚
ii.　v. to hold within a location: imprison 禁闭/关押
sim: 【近】bastille, immure, incarcerate, jail
zhuji: 【记】 con一起 + fine罚款→限制<br>【另】 define 定义，definite 明确的

正面: recession
symbol: [rɪˈseʃn]
definition: i.　n. a period of reduced economic activity: stagnation 衰退/(经济)不景气
ii.　n. the act or action of receding: withdrawal 后退

正面: decay
symbol: [dɪˈkeɪ]
definition: i.　v. to decline from a sound condition in health, strength, or vigor: deteriorate 堕落/(使)退化
ii.　v. to fall into ruin 腐烂/腐朽
sim: 【近】debilitate, enfeeble, sap, undermine; contaminate, defile, dilapidate

正面: amplify
symbol: [ˈæmplɪfaɪ]
definition: v. to make larger or greater: increase 放大/增强
sim: 【近】elaborate, inflate, augment, dilate, strengthen, unfold
ano: 【反】abbreviate, abridge, condense

正面: irritate
symbol: [ˈɪrɪteɪt]
definition: v. to provoke impatience, anger, or displeasure in: annoy 激怒/刺激
sim: 【近】aggravate, exasperate, gall, inflame, peeve, pique, rile
ano: 【反】appease, conciliate, mollify, pacify, placate, propitiate; gratify

正面: assault
symbol: [əˈsɔːlt]
definition: n. a violent physical or verbal attack 攻击/袭击
sim: 【近】aggression, assailment, offense, onset, onslaught

正面: extraneous
symbol: [ɪkˈstreɪniəs]
definition: i.　adj. not forming an essential or vital part: unnecessary　多余的/不必要的
ii.　adj. having no relevance 无关的
iii.　adj. existing on or coming from the outside: extrinsic 外来的/外部的
sim: 【近】alien, foreign
zhuji: 【记】 extra- 外面的，以外的

正面: hypocritical
symbol: [ˌhɪpəˈkrɪtɪkl]
definition: adj. feigning to be what one is not or to believe what one does not: insincere 虚伪的/伪善的
sim: 【近】duplicitous, deceitful, phony, double-dealing, left-handed, mala fide
zhuji: 【记】 hypo 在下面 + criticize 批评 → 在下面批评 表面上不批评

正面: denounce
symbol: [dɪˈnaʊns]
definition: v. to pronounce especially publicly to be blameworthy or evil: criticize 批评/谴责
sim: 【近】censure, condemn, denunciate, impeach, reprehend, reprobate
ano: 【反】panegyrize, laud, eulogize, extol, exalt
zhuji: 【记】 nounce 说，宣告；de否定 + nounce 宣告，宣告中是否定的内容→谴责； pronounce 发音，宣告，<br>【另】 announce　宣布　通告，denounce　公开指责　谴责，enounce　宣告　声明，pronounce<br>发音，宣告，renounce　断绝关系

正面: hinder
symbol: [ˈhɪndər]
definition: v. to make slow or difficult the progress of: hamper 阻碍/妨害
sim: 【近】check, bar, block, impede, obstruct, arrest, retard, entrammel
ano: 【反】abet, facilitate, forward, accelerate, hasten

正面: intrigue
symbol: [ɪnˈtriːɡ]
definition: i.　n. a secret scheme: plot 阴谋/诡计
ii.　v. to arouse the interest, desire, or curiosity of: appeal 激起…的兴趣/吸引
sim: 【近】machination, cabal, conspiracy
zhuji: 【记】 in 里面+ trick, trigue 看作trick，g=k=ck，在里面商量诡计与骗局；trigger 扳机，引发<br>【另】 trick 诡计, 骗局, 窍门

正面: impair
symbol: [ɪmˈper]
definition: v. to damage or make worse by diminishing in some material respect: injure 破坏/削弱/损害
sim: 【近】blemish, mar, prejudice, spoil, tarnish, vitiate
ano: 【反】ameliorate, repair, improve

正面: immerse
symbol: [ɪˈmɜːrs]
definition: i.　v. to take or engage the whole attention of: engross 使沉浸/使专注
ii.　v. to plunge into something that surrounds or covers 陷入/浸入
sim: 【近】absorb, engage, occupy, soak

正面: blemish
symbol: [ˈblemɪʃ]
definition: i.　n. a noticeable imperfection: flaw 瑕疵/缺陷
ii.　v. mar or spoil the appearance of: deface 弄脏/玷污
sim: 【近】injure, damage, impair, mar, tarnish, vitiate
zhuji: 【记】 blame 责备的是缺点；problem 问题 缺点的后半部<br>【另】 flaw 缺点 裂纹

正面: condemn
symbol: [kənˈdem]
definition: i.　v. to declare to be reprehensible, wrong, or evil usually without reservation: criticize 批评
ii.　v. to pronounce guilty: convict 定罪/判刑
sim: 【近】sentence, damn, doom, proscribe
ano: 【反】applaud, commend, compliment, acclaim, eulogize, extol
zhuji: 【记】 con demn damn 骂→大家一起骂→谴责

正面: overshadow
symbol: [ˌoʊvərˈʃædoʊ]
definition: i.　v. to cast a shadow over 遮盖
ii.　v. to exceed in importance: outweigh 使失色/超越
sim: 【近】outshine, outdo, outstrip, dwarf, surpass
zhuji: 【记】 shadow=阴影

正面: enchant
symbol: [ɪnˈtʃænt]
definition: v. to influence by or as if by charms and incantation: bewitch 迷住/使陶醉
sim: 【近】allure, captivate, fascinate, enthrall, magnetize, mesmerize, wile

正面: resilience
symbol: [rɪˈzɪliəns]
definition: n. an ability to recover from or adjust easily to misfortune: elasticity 恢复力/适应性
sim: 【近】pliability, flexibility, suppleness, bounciness
zhuji: 【记】 re 再，sili 跳，ence－能再次跳起－弹回re 反复，si 死，lience：能反复s的死，就能反复的恢复－弹回

正面: compatible
symbol: [kəmˈpætəbl]
definition: adj. capable of existing together in harmony: consonant 和谐的/兼容的
sim: 【近】agreeable, congruous, amicable, congenial, kindred, unanimous
ano: 【反】disagreeable, discordant, incompatible
zhuji: 【记】 com + pat同apt 合适→一起适合的；com + pat 拍→一起一拍即合的<br>【另】 adapt使适合，tap轻拍

正面: extroverted
symbol: [ˈekstrouvɜːrtɪd]
definition: adj. outgoing and at ease talking as the center of attention: gregarious 外向的/健谈的
sim: 【近】demonstrative, fulsome, vociferous, effusive
ano: 【反】inhibited, reserved, restrained, introverted

正面: intrinsic
symbol: [ɪnˈtrɪnsɪk]
definition: i.　adj. belonging to the essential nature or constitution of a thing: inherent 本质的/固有的
ii.　adj. originating or due to causes within a body, organ, or part 内在的/内部的
sim: 【近】constitutional, inborn, inbred, integral, indwelling, innate
ano: 【反】adventitious, extraneous, extrinsic, annexed
zhuji: 【记】 源自inter, intro；intro在内的 + in 在里面；intro + inside<br>【另】 extra- 外面的

正面: renowned
symbol: [rɪˈnaʊnd]
definition: adj. having reputation: celebrated 著名的
sim: 【近】celebrated, distinguished, eminent, illustrious, prominent
ano: 【反】anonymous, nameless, obscure

正面: gravity
symbol: [ˈɡrævəti]
definition: i.　n. dignity or sobriety of bearing: seriousness 庄严/肃穆
ii.　n. importance, significance 重要性
sim: 【近】graveness, earnestness, soberness, sobriety, solemnity, staidness
ano: 【反】facetiousness, flippancy, frivolity, levity, lightness

正面: repugnant
symbol: [rɪˈpʌɡnənt]
definition: i.　adj. exciting distaste or aversion: objectionable 令人厌烦的
ii.　adj. incompatible or inconsistent 矛盾的/不一致的
sim: 【近】abhorrent, invidious, obnoxious, repellent, revulsive
ano: 【反】congenial, agreeable, gratifying, pleasurable
zhuji: 【记】 re反 + pugnacious 好斗的，反打，repulse 反推也是厌恶

正面: mimic
symbol: [ˈmɪmɪk]
definition: i.　v. to imitate closely: ape 模拟/模仿
ii.　v. to ridicule by imitation: satire (通过模仿以)嘲讽/戏弄
sim: 【近】burlesque, mock, parody, travesty
zhuji: 【记】 音：模拟；imitate

正面: remedy
symbol: [ˈremədi]
definition: i.　n. something that corrects or counteracts: antidote 补救措施/纠正方案
ii.　n. a medicine, application, or treatment that relieves or cures a disease 药物
sim: 【近】cure-all, elixir, panacea, nostrum

正面: oblige
symbol: [əˈblaɪdʒ]
definition: i.　v. to constrain by force or by the exigencies of circumstance: force 强迫/迫使
ii.　v. to do a favor for: help 帮助/施恩惠
sim: 【近】accommodate, convenience, gratify, avail
ano: 【反】bother, discommode, incommode, trouble

正面: forgo
symbol: [fɔːrˈɡoʊ]
definition: v. to give up the enjoyment or advantage of: do without 放弃(利益)/对…断念
sim: 【近】eschew, forbear, relinquish, surrender, waive, forsake

正面: hazardous
symbol: [ˈhæzərdəs]
definition: adj. involving or exposing one to risk: dangerous 有害的/危险的
sim: 【近】chancy, hairy, jeopardous, parlous, perilous, wicked
ano: 【反】harmless, innocent, innocuous, unthreatening

正面: ingenious
symbol: [ɪnˈdʒiːniəs]
definition: adj. marked by originality and resourcefulness in conception: inventive 有创意的/机智的
sim: 【近】creative, demiurgic, original
zhuji: 【记】 in 内 + genius 天才，可以进天才之列了； <br>【另】 genius 音：吉尼斯，你真是天才，可以打破吉尼斯世界纪录了

正面: incentive
symbol: [ɪnˈsentɪv]
definition: n. something that incites determination or action: motive 动机/激励
sim: 【近】boost, goad, impetus, instigation, momentum, provocation, spur, stimulus, yeast
zhuji: 【记】 近于incite 刺激；in进入 + cent 分，放进去点美金来刺激，鼓励一下；in + sensitive 敏感的，很敏感，容易受到刺激

正面: simultaneous
symbol: [ˌsaɪmlˈteɪniəs]
definition: adj. existing or occurring at the same time: exactly coincident 同时进行的/同步的
sim: 【近】contemporary, coetaneous, coeval, concurrent, contemporaneous, synchronous

正面: protocol
symbol: [ˈproʊtəkɔːl]
definition: i.　n. a code prescribing adherence to correct etiquette and precedence: convention 礼仪/惯例
ii.　n. an original draft, minute, or record of a document or transaction 草案
sim: 【近】procedure, decorum, practice
zhuji: 【记】 proto- 原始，第一；pro前 + 音：头叩，叩头，皇帝前面叩头，达成协议叩头，都是外交礼节<br>【另】 proton 质子 (古物理学家原以为质子是终极粒子)

正面: unsettling
symbol: [ʌnˈsetlɪŋ]
definition: adj. having the effect of upsetting, disturbing, or discomposing 令人不安的
sim: 【近】discomforting, disquieting, nagging, perturbing

正面: spur
symbol: [spɜːr]
definition: i.　v. to incite to action or accelerated growth or development: stimulate 刺激/激励
ii.　n. a goad to action: stimulus 刺激(物)/动机
sim: 【近】catalyst, impetus, incentive, incitement
ano: 【反】checkrein, curb, check, drag
zhuji: 【记】 音:拨, 用棍子拨，刺激；音：撒泼，因为受刺激

正面: defy
symbol: [dɪˈfaɪ]
definition: i.　v. to confront with assured power of resistance: disregard 无视/忽略
ii.　v. to challenge to do something considered impossible: dare 挑衅/对抗
sim: 【近】disobey, mock, rebel, flout, contravene
ano: 【反】comply, conform, submit, yield
zhuji: 【记】 接近deny；de + fight 反过来打→反抗<br>【另】 deny 拒绝，否认；

正面: attribute n.
symbol: [ˈætrɪbjuːt]
definition: i.　n. an inherent characteristic: quality 特征/属性
ii.　v. to explain by indicating a cause: ascribe 把…归因于
sim: 【近】accredit, assign, charge, credit, impute

正面: eclipse
symbol: [ɪˈklɪps]
definition: i.　n. a falling into obscurity or decline 失色/暗淡
ii.　v. to exceed in importance or repute: outweigh 使失色/超越
sim: 【近】outstrip, obscure, adumbrate, murk, overcloud, overshadow
zhuji: 【记】 e 出 + clip 切出去→月蚀；e + clip 将o剪成一个e形，象是月蚀；ec 出 + lip 嘴唇 → 嘴咬出，咬掉了一部分，如传说的天狗吃月亮就是月蚀<br>【另】 ellipse el + lip 嘴唇，嘴张开就是椭圆形的→椭圆，与ellipse的区别在于该词还有个clipper剪刀<br>，因为是月蚀，所以有个剪去一部分

正面: compliance
symbol: [kəmˈplaɪəns]
definition: i.　n. a disposition to submit to others: obedience 服从/顺从
ii.　n. the ability of an object to yield when a force is applied: flexibility 灵活性/柔韧性
sim: 【近】acquiescence, conformity, resignation, docility, tractability
ano: 【反】defiance, disobedience, intractability, recalcitrance

正面: trivial
symbol: [ˈtrɪviəl]
definition: adj. of little worth or importance: inconsequential 琐碎的/不重要的
sim: 【近】petty, paltry, picayune, puny, trifling
zhuji: 【记】 travel 外出旅行要带着许多琐碎的东西及处理许多琐事，车票，食物，证件等

正面: delude
symbol: [dɪˈluːd]
definition: v. to mislead the mind or judgment of: deceive, trick 欺骗/迷惑
sim: 【近】beguile, bluff, con, juggle, take in
ano: 【反】enlighten, illuminate, illustrate, elucidate

正面: dissent
symbol: [dɪˈsent]
definition: i.　v. to differ in opinion: discord 不同意/产生分歧
ii.　n. difference of opinion: disagreement 分歧/异议
sim: 【近】balk, boggle, demur, stickle, rebel
ano: 【反】assent, concur, accede, acquiesce, subscribe
zhuji: 【记】 dis+sent(感觉)→不感觉→不同意

正面: clumsy
symbol: [ˈklʌmzi]
definition: adj. lacking dexterity, nimbleness, or grace: awkward 笨拙的/不得体的
sim: 【近】gawky, lumbering, maladroit, gauche, ungainly, unwieldy
ano: 【反】apt, agile, adroit, deft, dexterous, handy
zhuji: 【记】 音：瞌懒贼→瞌睡的懒贼行动笨拙；clump 一团，从中行动就是不灵活

正面: intoxicate
symbol: [ɪnˈtɑːksɪkeɪt]
definition: i.　v. to excite or elate to the point of enthusiasm or frenzy 使狂喜/使沉醉
ii.　v. to poison 使中毒
sim: 【近】charge, electrify, exhilarate, galvanize, thrill, titillate
ano: 【反】depress, dampen

正面: disdain
symbol: [dɪsˈdeɪn]
definition: i.　v. to refuse or abstain from because of contempt: disregard 鄙视/摒弃
ii.　n. a feeling of contempt for something regarded as unworthy or inferior: scorn 蔑视/嘲讽
sim: 【近】despite, disparagement, antipathy, aversion, haughtiness, insolence
ano: 【反】awe, esteem, regard, reverence
zhuji: 【记】 dis 不 + deign 屈尊→不屈尊→因为轻蔑；dis 不 + dean 系主任，不是系主任就轻视，现在只有当了官的才不被轻视；dis 没 + 音：胆，没胆，说你没胆量→鄙视

正面: inconsequential
symbol: [ɪnˌkɑːnsɪˈkwenʃl]
definition: i.　adj. of no significance: trivial 琐碎的/不重要的
ii.　adj. illogical or irrelevant 无关的/不合理的
sim: 【近】petty, unfrivolous, measly, paltry, picayune, trifling
ano: 【反】important, momentous, substantial, weighty
zhuji: 【记】 consequential（adj.结果的；重要的；有影响力的）

正面: conceal
symbol: [kənˈsiːl]
definition: v. to prevent disclosure or recognition of: hide 隐藏/遮蔽
sim: 【近】cache, ensconce, occult, camouflage, disguise, dissemble
ano: 【反】reveal, betray, divulge, evince, manifest
zhuji: 【记】 con + cell 小房间→放到小房间隐藏；con seal 封条→一起密封<br>Deliberate before you begin, then execute with vigor. 著手前要深思熟虑，执行时要果断有力。

正面: evade
symbol: [ɪˈveɪd]
definition: i.　v. to elude or avoid by dexterity or stratagem: dodge 逃避/躲避
ii.　v. to be elusive to: baffle 使困惑
sim: 【近】escape, eschew, shun, shy away
ano: 【反】accost, confront, dare

正面: nullify
symbol: [ˈnʌlɪfaɪ]
definition: v. to make of no value or consequence: invalidate 废除/使无效
sim: 【近】abolish, abrogate, annihilate, annul, negate, quash, vitiate, countervail, offset

正面: embolden
symbol: [ɪmˈboʊldən]
definition: v. to instill with boldness or courage: encourage 鼓励/给…壮胆
sim: 【近】animate, cheer, hearten, inspirit, nerve
ano: 【反】deter, discourage, abash
zhuji: 【记】 em，en 使 + bold 大胆

正面: scrutinize
symbol: [ˈskruːtənaɪz]
definition: v. to examine closely and minutely: inspect 仔细检查/研究
sim: 【近】canvass, dissect, examine, vet
zhuji: 【记】 scout 侦察时仔细查看地形与敌情；recruit 公司招人时都要详细检查申请人的简历及背景；<br>Time is money.　　时间就是金钱。 <br>【另】 cruise 巡航时仔细看前面的航道

正面: radical
symbol: [ˈrædɪkl]
definition: i.　adj. marked by a considerable departure from the usual or traditional: extreme 激进的/极端的
ii.　adj. of or relating to the origin: fundamental 根本的/彻底的
sim: 【近】cardinal, essential, vital, constitutional, inherent, intrinsic

正面: spontaneous
symbol: [spɑːnˈteɪniəs]
definition: i.　adj. not apparently contrived or manipulated: natural 自发的/无意识的
ii.　adj. arising from a momentary impulse: impulsive 冲动的/兴起的
sim: 【近】automatic, instinctive, involuntary, mechanic, robotic
ano: 【反】meditated, premeditated, prompted
zhuji: 【记】 ponta 音：帮他 ne 你 + ours 我们，帮助我们大家都是发自我内心自然而然的；sponsor + 音：太牛→发起者太牛，是自发发起的

正面: accentuate
symbol: [əkˈsentʃueɪt]
definition: i.　v. put stress on or utter with an accent: emphasize (重读以)强调
ii.　v. to intensify 加强/加重
sim: 【近】accent, foreground, highlight, punctuate, stress
ano: 【反】de-emphasize, downplay

正面: gratify
symbol: [ˈɡrætɪfaɪ]
definition: v. to be a source of or give pleasure or satisfaction to: indulge 使满意/迁就
sim: 【近】appease, cater, coddle, humor, oblige, pamper
ano: 【反】irk, aggravate, exasperate, irritate, nettle, rile, agitate, perturb
zhuji: 【记】 满足了，他很高兴，表示感谢grateful；great 让他连说great 太好了

正面: outrage
symbol: [ˈaʊtreɪdʒ]
definition: i.　v. to violate accepted standards or principles: offend 践踏/违犯
ii.　v. to arouse anger or resentment usually by some grave offense 激怒
iii.　n. the anger and resentment aroused by injury or insult: wrath 暴怒/愤慨
iv. n. an act of violence or brutality 暴行
sim: 【近】irritate, aggravate, infuriate, exasperate, peeve, vex
ano: 【反】delight, gratify, please

正面: pretentious
symbol: [prɪˈtenʃəs]
definition: adj. expressive of affected, unwarranted, or exaggerated importance: flamboyant 炫耀的/自大的
sim: 【近】ostentatious, feigned, bombastic, grandiloquent, magniloquent, rhetorical, turgid
ano: 【反】modest, humble, unassuming, self-effacing

正面: melodramatic
symbol: [ˌmelədrəˈmætɪk]
definition: adj. artificially and extravagantly emotional: sensational 感情夸张的/戏剧性的
sim: 【近】dramatic, histrionic, theatrical, stagy

正面: surge
symbol: [sɜːrdʒ]
definition: v. to rise suddenly to an excessive or abnormal value: swell 激增/突然上涨
sim: 【近】gush, roll, sluice, stream

正面: restless
symbol: [ˈrestləs]
definition: adj. characterized by disturbance especially of mind: uneasy 不安分的/躁动的
sim: 【近】discontented, agitated, perturbed, fidgety, restive
ano: 【反】tranquil, peaceful, serene
zhuji: 【记】 rest less

正面: averse
symbol: [əˈvɜːrs]
definition: adj. having an active feeling of repugnance or distaste: disinclined 不情愿的/反对…的
sim: 【近】loath, balky, perverse, flinching, quailing, recoiling, shrinking
ano: 【反】avid, ardent, fervent, impassioned

正面: defer
symbol: [dɪˈfɜːr]
definition: i.　v. to put off or delay: postpone 推迟/延期
ii.　v. to submit to another’s wishes or opinion usually through respect: yield 服从/顺从
sim: 【近】bow, capitulate, succumb, accede
ano: 【反】withstand, remonstrate; balk, demur, stickle, strain
zhuji: 【记】 fer 运送，transfer；de否定 + fer 不运送→推迟运送，或者是让另外的人来运送→尊重，听从别人意愿<br>【另】 ferry 渡船,confer 讨论，授予，defer 推迟, differ 不同, infer 推断，offer 提供，出价,prefer 更喜欢, refer 提及，查阅,transfer 转移,

正面: parity
symbol: [ˈpærəti]
definition: n. the quality or state of being equal or equivalent: equality 平等
sim: 【近】equivalence, par, uniformity
ano: 【反】disparity, discrepancy, disproportion, incongruence
zhuji: 【记】 pair 一对的东西是同等的

正面: feeble
symbol: [ˈfiːbl]
definition: i.　adj. deficient in qualities that indicate vigor or efficiency: inadequate 不足的/匮乏的
ii.　adj. markedly lacking in strength: weak 虚弱的/无力的
sim: 【近】decrepit, flimsy, frail, emasculated, enervated, unnerved, sapless
ano: 【反】robust, hale, sound, strenuous
zhuji: 【记】 音：菲薄，妄自菲薄，自己贬自己: 我弱，无能.；feeble， fee 付费，付完学费，顿感浑身虚弱无力，老爹老妈的压箱底钱啊，不能把学校只做为一个旅店，要对得起自己青春啊.<br>【另】 fee (音：费) 费，付费

正面: lavish
symbol: [ˈlævɪʃ]
definition: i.　adj. expending or bestowing wastefully: prodigal 奢侈的/浪费的
ii.　adj. marked by profusion or excess: profuse 大量的/丰富的
sim: 【近】exuberant, lush, opulent
ano: 【反】scanty, scarce, short
zhuji: 【记】 音：浪费水，v发f音

正面: turbulent
symbol: [ˈtɜːrbjələnt]
definition: adj. causing unrest, violence, or disturbance: tempestuous 骚乱的/动荡的
sim: 【近】boisterous, rambunctious, raucous, rowdy, rumbustious, tumultuous, unruly
ano: 【反】calm, placid, tranquil, controlled, restrained
zhuji: 【记】 disturb 扰乱；turb扰乱 + bull 惊忧公牛，公牛乱闯，场面混乱<br>【另】 disturb扰乱，打乱，perturb 扰乱，使心烦意乱，turbine 涡轮

正面: grand
symbol: [ɡrænd]
definition: i.　adj. having more importance than others: foremost 首要的/最主要的
ii.　adj. lavish or sumptuous 奢侈的/豪华的
iii.　adj. pretending to social superiority: supercilious 傲慢的/自负的
sim: 【近】luxurious, garish, gaudy, ornate, ostentatious, showy
ano: 【反】crude, meretricious, vulgar, flimsy, tawdry

正面: unfounded
symbol: [ʌnˈfaʊndɪd]
definition: adj. lacking a sound basis: groundless, unwarranted 没有根据的/不成立的
sim: 【近】baseless, gratuitous, uncalled-for, ungrounded
ano: 【反】justified, reasonable, substantiated, valid

正面: yield
symbol: [jiːld]
definition: i.　v. to give up and cease resistance or contention: submit, succumb 屈服/投降
ii.　v. to bear or bring forth as a natural product as a result of cultivation: produce 生产/产出
sim: 【近】bow, buckle, capitulate, defer, resign, surrender

正面: scatter
symbol: [ˈskætər]
definition: i.　v. to separate and go in various directions: disperse (使)分散/(使)散开
ii.　v. to occur or fall irregularly or at random 偶尔发生/零星出现
sim: 【近】dispel, dissipate, shatter, diverge, sever
ano: 【反】gather, assemble, congregate, convene, concentrate

正面: penetrating
symbol: [ˈpenətreɪtɪŋ]
definition: adj. demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions: acute 锐利的/有洞察力的
sim: 【近】incisive, clear-cut, trenchant, sharp, keen

正面: counterpart
symbol: [ˈkaʊntərpɑːrt]
definition: i.　n. one remarkably similar to another: equal 相似的人或事/等价物
ii.　n. something that completes: complement 互补(的人或事)
sim: 【近】coequal, peer, coordinate, equivalent, parallel
ano: 【反】counterpoint, opposite
zhuji: 【记】 counter 对手 + part 方

正面: polish
symbol: [ˈpɑːlɪʃ]
definition: i.　n. freedom from rudeness or coarseness: culture 优雅/精致
ii.　n. a smooth glossy surface: luster 光泽/光滑
sim: 【近】glaze, glint, gloss, sheen, shine

正面: exotic
symbol: [ɪɡˈzɑːtɪk]
definition: i.　adj. not native to the place where found: foreign 外来的/异国的
ii.　adj. strikingly, excitingly, or mysteriously different or unusual 不寻常的/奇异的
sim: 【近】bizarre, glamorous, marvelous
ano: 【反】indigenous, aboriginal, autochthonous, endemic, domestic
zhuji: 【记】 esoteric 的反意,esoteric是internal的变体，exoteric是external 的变体；ex 出 + outer<br>【另】 esoteric 神秘的，深奥的

正面: aspersion
symbol: [əˈspɜːrʒn]
definition: n. a false or misleading charge meant to harm someone’s reputation: defamation 诽谤/诋毁
sim: 【近】animadversion, obloquy, stricture, invective, vituperation, detraction
ano: 【反】eulogy, extolling, acclaim, plaudits, commendation, compliment
zhuji: 【记】 a 不好的 + sperse 音：水泼洒，满嘴喷不好的东西，诽谤；a + spersion 音:水泼身，泼水，泼圣水，泼脏水 或sh泼身<br>【另】 asperse 中伤，disperse 分散，intersperse 散布, 点缀

正面: grimy
symbol: [ˈɡraɪmi]
definition: adj. full of or covered with dirt: filthy 肮脏的/堕落的
sim: 【近】bedraggled, foul, grubby, grungy, mucky, sordid, squalid
ano: 【反】immaculate, unsoiled, unstained

正面: reiterate
symbol: [riˈɪtəreɪt]
definition: v. to state or do over again or repeatedly sometimes with wearying effect: repeat 重申/反复做
sim: 【近】ingeminate, renew, reprise
zhuji: 【记】 re+iterate

正面: overt
symbol: [oʊˈvɜːrt]
definition: adj. open to view: manifest 明显的/公开的
sim: 【近】palpable, obvious, evident, plain, explicit
ano: 【反】implicit, obscure
zhuji: 【记】 covert 隐蔽的 (cover it 盖上它),overt 是反义 out-vert 翻转公开向外翻转

正面: improvise
symbol: [ˈɪmprəvaɪz]
definition: v. to perform extemporaneously or to make, invent, or arrange offhand 即兴发挥/即兴表演
sim: 【近】ad-lib, extemporize
zhuji: 【记】 im + provide 准备，预防，提供；没有准备的，没有提供讲稿→即席而作；im + provise 没有提前看到

正面: amicable
symbol: [ˈæmɪkəbl]
definition: adj. characterized by friendly goodwill: peaceable 友好的/友善的
sim: 【近】empathic, sympathetic, accordant, concordant, pacific
ano: 【反】bellicose, belligerent, combative, contentious, pugnacious, quarrelsome
zhuji: 【记】 am I capable 我是能够友好的

正面: prophetic
symbol: [prəˈfetɪk]
definition: adj. foretelling events: predictive 预言的/预示的
sim: 【近】apocalyptic, fatidic, mantic, oracular, sibylline, vatic

正面: invidious
symbol: [ɪnˈvɪdiəs]
definition: i.　adj. feeling or showing envy or tending to cause envy: envious 令人嫉妒的
ii.　adj. of an unpleasant or objectionable nature: obnoxious 令人反感的/冒犯的
sim: 【近】repugnant, abhorrent, repellent, revulsive, abominable, detestable, odious
ano: 【反】agreeable, grateful, gratifying, pleasant
zhuji: 【记】 同envy，i=e；<br>【另】 envious 嫉妒的, 羡慕的

正面: buoy
symbol: [bɔɪ]
definition: i.　v. to keep afloat: float (使)漂浮
ii.　v. to support or uplift 鼓励/使振作
sim: 【近】bolster, prop, sustain, underprop, uphold
zhuji: 【记】 boy 男生总是积极向上，沉不下去,象救生圈一样压不到水底里,受到打击也能很快恢复

正面: instantaneous
symbol: [ˌɪnstənˈteɪniəs]
definition: i.　adj. done or occurring without perceptible duration of time: momentary 瞬间(发生/完成)的
ii.　adj. done without any delay being purposely introduced: speedy 迅速的/即刻的
sim: 【近】hair-trigger, immediate, instant
ano: 【反】dilatory, tardy, sluggish

正面: rebellious
symbol: [rɪˈbeljəs]
definition: i.　adj. resisting control or management: refractory 反抗的/叛逆的/难驾驭的
ii.　adj. discontented as toward authority: disaffected 不满意的
sim: 【近】malcontent, sullen, disgruntled
ano: 【反】acquiescent, amiable, docile, resigned, submissive

正面: upend
symbol: [ʌpˈend]
definition: i.　v. to defeat or beat 击败
ii.　v. to set or stand on end: overturn 颠倒/倒置
sim: 【近】conquer, dispatch, overbear, prevail, subdue, surmount, triumph

正面: slump
symbol: [slʌmp]
definition: i.　v. to fall or sink suddenly: drop 突然下落/骤降
ii.　n. a sustained decline especially in economic activity or prices: recession (经济)衰退
sim: 【近】depression, stagnation
ano: 【反】boom

正面: square
symbol: [skwer]
definition: i.　v. to agree precisely: correspond 与…一致
ii.　adj. characterized by honesty and fairness: just 正直的/诚实的
iii.　adj. being unsophisticated, conservative, or conventional: orthodox 保守的/传统的
sim: 【近】equitable, impartial, impersonal, nonpartisan, unbiased, unprejudiced

正面: hatch
symbol: [hætʃ]
definition: i.　v. to produce young from an egg by applying natural or artificial heat: incubate 孵化
ii.　v. to bring into being: originate 产生/创造
sim: 【近】generate, breed, engender, induce, procreate

正面: offish
symbol: [ˈɔfɪʃ]
definition: adj. somewhat cold and reserved: standoffish 冷漠的/疏远的
sim: 【近】unsociable, aloof, solitary, unapproachable, unbending, withdrawn
ano: 【反】cordial, sociable
zhuji: 【记】 off 离开+ ish 远离人群的

正面: watershed
symbol: [ˈwɔːtərʃed]
definition: n. a crucial dividing point, line, or factor: turning point 分水岭/转折点
zhuji: 【记】 water shed 流

正面: roil
symbol: [rɔɪl]
definition: i.　v. to make turbid by stirring up the sediment or dregs of: muddle 使浑浊
ii.　v. to stir up: disturb, disorder 使混乱/使动荡
iii.　v. to make agitated and angry: irritate 激怒
sim: 【近】aggravate, exasperate, grate, inflame, nettle, peeve, provoke, rile
ano: 【反】delight, gratify, please
zhuji: 【记】 音：扰 + oil 油，将锅里的油扰动起来；音:热油，火的热油处于烧开状<br>【另】 boil 沸腾,激动，rile 等于roil，broil 烤(肉), 酷热

正面: solitary
symbol: [ˈsɑːləteri]
definition: i.　adj. being, living, or going alone or without companions: alone 独自的/单独的
ii.　adj. being at once single and isolated: separate 偏僻的/孤立(不普遍)的
iii.　adj. not gregarious, colonial, social, or compound 孤僻的/不爱社交的
sim: 【近】particular, separate, unique, unrepeatable, unexampled

正面: hard-nosed
symbol: [ˈhɑːrdˈnoʊzd]
definition: i.　adj. being tough, stubborn, or uncompromising: tough-minded 顽固的/执着的
ii.　adj. concerned with or involving practical considerations: realistic 现实的/实际的
sim: 【近】down-to-earth, pragmatic, sober
ano: 【反】idealistic, utopian, visionary, quixotic

正面: malign
symbol: [məˈlaɪn]
definition: i.　adj. having or showing intense often vicious ill will: malevolent 恶意的
ii.　adj. evil in nature, influence, or effect: injurious 有害的
iii.　v. to utter injuriously misleading or false reports about: speak evil of 诽谤/污蔑
sim: 【近】asperse, befoul, calumniate, defame, denigrate, slander, vilify, revile
ano: 【反】acclaim, eulogize, extol; justify, vindicate
zhuji: 【记】 mal坏 + ign；音：骂咧→骂咧咧地诽谤；音：骂脸，指鼻子骂脸→中伤；<br>【另】 benign(ben + ign) (病)良性的, (气候)良好的, 仁慈的, 和蔼的

正面: brag
symbol: [bræɡ]
definition: v. to talk or assert boastfully 吹嘘/自夸
sim: 【近】boast, blow, gasconade, swagger, puff, vaunt

正面: virtually
symbol: [ˈvɜːrtʃuəli]
definition: adv. almost entirely: nearly 几乎/事实上
sim: 【近】basically, essentially, fundamentally

正面: warble
symbol: [ˈwɔːrbl]
definition: i.　n. a melodious succession of low pleasing sounds: melody (悦耳的)颤音
ii.　v. to produce musical tones by means of the voice: sing (柔和地)唱歌

正面: muddle
symbol: [ˈmʌdl]
definition: i.　v. to mix confusedly 混合/搅拌
ii.　v. to befog or stupefy especially with liquor: confuse 使困惑
iii.　v. to make a mess of: bungle 使混乱
iv. n. a confused mess: chaos 混乱/困惑
sim: 【近】confusion, disarray, dishevelment, havoc, jumble, mess

正面: unqualified
symbol: [ˌʌnˈkwɑːlɪfaɪd]
definition: i.　adj. not fit: not having requisite qualifications: incompetent 没有资质的/不合格的
ii.　adj. not modified or restricted by reservations: complete 无条件的/绝对的
sim: 【近】absolute, categorical, definite, outright, unconditional, unreserved

正面: facet
symbol: [ˈfæsɪt]
definition: n. any of the definable aspects that make up a subject: phase 方面

正面: entail
symbol: [ɪnˈteɪl]
definition: v. to impose, involve, or imply as a necessary result: require 使必要/要求/使包括
sim: 【近】include, contain, encompass
ano: 【反】exclude, omit

正面: diverting
symbol: [daɪˈvɜːrtɪŋ]
definition: adj. providing amusement or entertainment: amusing 有趣的/娱乐的
sim: 【近】delightful, fun, enjoyable, entertaining, pleasurable
ano: 【反】drab, dreary, humdrum, monotonous, pedestrian, tedious, wearisome

正面: temperate
symbol: [ˈtempərət]
definition: i.　adj. keeping or held within limits: not extreme or excessive: mild 温和的/合适的
ii.　adj. moderate in indulgence of appetite or desire: abstemious 有节制的/克制的
sim: 【近】continent, self-restraining, sober
ano: 【反】indulgent, dissipated, prodigal, profligate
zhuji: 【记】 temperature 温度，使温，使温和，节制温度

正面: epic
symbol: [ˈepɪk]
definition: i.　adj. extending beyond the usual or ordinary: extraordinary 不同寻常的/非凡的
ii.　adj. heroic 英雄的
sim: 【近】august, grand, imposing, magnificent, majestic, monumental, splendid
zhuji: 【记】 pic, picture 世界名画画的都是史诗，叙事诗的内容，还有英雄

正面: prognosis
symbol: [prɑːɡˈnoʊsɪs]
definition: n. forecast or prognostication: prediction 预知/前景
sim: 【近】forecast, foretelling, prevision, prophecy

正面: lopsided
symbol: [ˌlɑːpˈsaɪdɪd]
definition: adj. lacking in balance, symmetry, or proportion: disproportionate 不平衡的/倾向一方的
sim: 【近】asymmetric, irregular, off-balance
zhuji: 【记】 音:路坡 + side，在坡上身体是斜的，不平衡；音：老婆 + side 总是偏向老婆那边

正面: homogeneous
symbol: [ˌhoʊməˈdʒiːniəs]
definition: adj. of the same or a similar kind or nature: uniform 同种的/类似的/一致的
sim: 【近】identical, kindred, standardized

正面: quip
symbol: [kwɪp]
definition: i.　n. something strange, droll, curious, or eccentric: oddity 奇怪的事物/行为
ii.　n. a clever usually taunting remark: gibe 嘲弄/讽刺的话
iii.　v. to jest or gibe at: scoff 嘲弄/讽刺
sim: 【近】flout, gird, jeer, jest, scout, sneer

正面: encyclopedic
symbol: [ɪnˌsaɪkləˈpiːdɪk]
definition: adj. of, relating to, or suggestive of an encyclopedia: comprehensive 全面的/综合的
sim: 【近】inclusive, complete, extensive, general

正面: upheaval
symbol: [ʌpˈhiːvl]
definition: n. extreme agitation or disorder: radical change, commotion 剧变/动荡
sim: 【近】clamor, convulsion, ferment, tumult, cataclysm, stirring

正面: pseudonym
symbol: [ˈsuːdənɪm]
definition: n. a fictitious name 假名/笔名
sim: 【近】alias, incognito, nom de guerre
zhuji: 【记】 pseudo- 假的 + nym name 名字；pseu休 + do 做，不做，不是真的做，是假的<br>【另】 anonymous (no + nym)匿名的

正面: sensational
symbol: [senˈseɪʃənl]
definition: i.　adj. arousing a quick, intense, and superficial emotional reaction: lurid 轰动的/耸人听闻的
ii.　adj. exceedingly or unexpectedly excellent or great: marvelous 极好的/非同寻常的
sim: 【近】divine, extraordinary, glorious, groovy
ano: 【反】exact, factual, dignified, proper, restrained

正面: heighten
symbol: [ˈhaɪtn]
definition: i.　v. to increase the amount or degree of: augment 增加/提高/加强
ii.　v. to point up or bring out more strongly: emphasize 强调/使显著
iii.　v. to raise high or higher: elevate 提升/抬高
sim: 【近】aggrandize, boost, compound, intensify, enlarge, magnify, multiply, wax

正面: expeditious
symbol: [ˌekspəˈdɪʃəs]
definition: adj. marked by or acting with prompt efficiency: fast 迅速的/敏捷的
sim: 【近】breakneck, fleet, speedy, swift
ano: 【反】dilatory, laggard, leisurely, sluggish, tardy

正面: fungible
symbol: [ˈfʌndʒəbəl]
definition: adj. freely exchangeable for or replaceable: interchangeable 可替换的/代替的
sim: 【近】commutable, exchangeable, substitutable

正面: veil
symbol: [veɪl]
definition: v. to cover, provide, obscure, or conceal with or as if with a veil: mask 掩盖/遮蔽
sim: 【近】belie, wrap, mantle, curtain, camouflage, cloak, disguise, conceal, screen
ano: 【反】exhibit, reveal, uncover, expose, show

正面: scathing
symbol: [ˈskeɪðɪŋ]
definition: adj. bitterly severe: caustic 尖酸的/尖锐的
sim: 【近】acerbic, acrid, biting, corrosive, mordant, pungent, sardonic, satiric, trenchant
zhuji: 【记】 scathe

正面: mirthful
symbol: [ˈmɜːθfəl]
definition: adj. full of or showing high-spirited merriment: cheerful 愉快的/欢乐的
sim: 【近】blithe, gay, gleeful, jocund, jolly, jovial, lighthearted
ano: 【反】bleak, cheerless, dour, heavy-hearted, miserable, morose

正面: cantankerous
symbol: [kænˈtæŋkərəs]
definition: adj. difficult or irritating to deal with: irritable 易怒的/暴躁的
sim: 【近】bearish, cranky, acid, disagreeable
ano: 【反】amiable, benign, mellow, congenial, gracious

正面: formulaic
symbol: [ˌfɔːrmjuˈleɪɪk]
definition: adj. resembling a customary form allowing little originality: conventionalized 公式化的/死板的
sim: 【近】apish, canned, imitative, mimetic, unoriginal

正面: trifling
symbol: [ˈtraɪflɪŋ]
definition: i.　adj. lacking in significance or solid worth: trivial 琐碎的/不重要的
ii.　adj. marked by unbecoming levity: frivolous 轻浮的/不严肃的
sim: 【近】petty, inconsequential, measly, paltry, picayune

正面: bearing
symbol: [ˈberɪŋ]
definition: n. the manner in which one bears or comports oneself: demeanor 举止/行为方式
sim: 【近】comportment, deportment, mien, posture, conduct

正面: emblem
symbol: [ˈembləm]
definition: n. an object symbolizing and suggesting another object or an idea: symbol 象征/符号
sim: 【近】hallmark, attribute, motif, sign, insignia

正面: insurmountable
symbol: [ˌɪnsərˈmaʊntəbl]
definition: adj. incapable of being overcome: insuperable 难以克服的/很难超越的
sim: 【近】impassable, indomitable, insoluble, invincible, unconquerable
ano: 【反】vulnerable

正面: proprietary
symbol: [prəˈpraɪəteri]
definition: adj. privately owned and run as a profit-making organization: exclusive 私人的/专属的
zhuji: 【记】 近于property 私有财产<br>【另】 proprietor 所有者

正面: pacifist
symbol: [ˈpæsɪfɪst]
definition: adj. strongly and actively opposed to conflict and especially war: pacific 主张和平的/反战的
sim: 【近】dovish, irenic, peaceful
ano: 【反】bloodthirsty, combative, hawkish, martial, warlike

正面: bewilder
symbol: [bɪˈwɪldər]
definition: v. to perplex or confuse by a complexity, variety, or multitude of objects: puzzle 使困惑/使为难
sim: 【近】befog, confound, baffle, befuddle, muddle

正面: sycophancy
symbol: [ˈsɪkəfənsi]
definition: n. obsequious flattery: fawning 奉承/谄媚
sim: 【近】adulation, toadying, obsequiousness, servility
ano: 【反】detraction, belittlement, calumny, defamation, depreciation, disparagement

正面: rehash
symbol: [ˌriːˈhæʃ]
definition: v. to use again in another form without substantial improvement: 重新使用/换汤不换药

正面: downplay
symbol: [ˌdaʊnˈpleɪ]
definition: v. to reduce in relative importance: de-emphasize 不重视/贬低
zhuji: 【记】 play down

正面: versatile
symbol: [ˈvɜːrsətl]
definition: i.　adj. changing or fluctuating readily: variable 多变的
ii.　adj. embracing a variety of subjects, fields, or skills: protean 多才多艺的/通用的
sim: 【近】adaptable, universal; conversant, adroit, dexterous
zhuji: 【记】 diverse 不同的, 变化多的，university uni + versati 综合性大学什么都教，有多种专业<br>【另】 universe 宇宙

正面: sparkle
symbol: [ˈspɑːrkl]
definition: i.　v. to become lively, brilliantly or animated 活跃/焕发
ii.　v. to give off or reflect bright moving points of light: flash 闪耀/发光
iii.　v. to bubble, hiss, and foam as gas escapes: effervesce 冒泡/沸腾
sim: 【近】glance, glimmer, glitter, scintillate, twinkle

正面: frenzy
symbol: [ˈfrenzi]
definition: n. intense usually wild and often disorderly compulsive or agitated activity 狂热/愤怒/躁动
sim: 【近】delirium, fever, fury, hysteria, rampage, uproar
zhuji: 【记】 音：疯子

正面: deem
symbol: [diːm]
definition: v. to come to think or judge: consider 视作/认为
sim: 【近】account, reckon, regard, view

正面: far-reaching
symbol: [ˈfɑːrˈriːtʃɪŋ]
definition: adj. having a wide range or effect: profound 影响深远的/广阔的
sim: 【近】broad, expansive, extensive, far-flung, sweeping

正面: deign
symbol: [deɪn]
definition: v. to lower moral standards by doing something unpleasant, dishonest 降低身份(去做)
sim: 【近】condescend, stoop
zhuji: 【记】 源自dignity 尊严；音:答应，应允做某事

正面: brook
symbol: [brʊk]
definition: v. to stand for: tolerate 容忍/忍受
sim: 【近】bear, abide, endure, stomach, swallow
zhuji: 【记】 音：不用哭，不要哭→男儿有泪不轻弹→要忍；broke (break破坏，打破过去式)的反意<br>，brook象book，圣贤书里讲不破坏，不与人争斗，做人要忍，海纳百川(小河)，有容乃大；book + r<br>音：忍→书中有个忍，书里提倡忍，包容精神，忍一时风平浪静，退一步海阔天空<br>【另】 breeze 微风，creek 小溪, 小河

正面: cataclysmic
symbol: [ˌkætəˈklɪzmɪk]
definition: adj. marked by overwhelming upheaval and demolition: destructive 灾难性的/破坏性的
sim: 【近】fatal, calamitous, catastrophic, disastrous, fateful, ruinous

正面: relish
symbol: [ˈrelɪʃ]
definition: i.　v. to be pleased or gratified by: enjoy 享受
ii.　v. to appreciate with taste and discernment: savor 欣赏
iii.　n. pleasing or zestful flavor: taste 风味/味道
iv. n. a strong liking: inclination 倾向/兴趣
sim: 【近】gusto, zest, leaning, penchant, propensity
zhuji: 【记】 源自release 放松放松，娱乐消遣；delicious 味道好

正面: foreordain
symbol: [ˌfoʊrɔːˈdeɪn]
definition: v. to dispose or appoint in advance: predestine 注定
sim: 【近】destine, doom, fate, predetermine, preform, preordain

正面: quirky
symbol: [kwɜːrkɪ]
definition: adj. strikingly unconventional: idiosyncratic 古怪的/怪异的
sim: 【近】bizarre, eccentric, offbeat, outlandish, peculiar, quaint, odd

正面: self-imposed
symbol: [ˌselfɪmˈpoʊzd]
definition: adj. voluntarily assumed or endured: self-inflicted 自愿的

正面: oracular
symbol: [əˈrækjələr]
definition: i.　adj. obscurely or mysteriously prophetic 预言的/预示的
ii.　adj. obscure or enigmatic 模糊的/谜一样的
iii.　adj. of, relating to, or being an authoritative or wise expression or answer 天启的/权威的
sim: 【近】apocalyptic, fatidic, mantic, sibylline, vatic

正面: paean
symbol: [ˈpiːən]
definition: n. a work that praises or honors its subject: encomium, tribute 赞美(歌)
zhuji: 【记】 音：拼音，用拼音来唱赞歌(因为是古希腊语，只会用拼音唱)；古希腊感恩的一种赞美诗,赞歌，尤指对太阳神<br>【另】 piety 虔诚

正面: conjure
symbol: [ˈkʌndʒər]
definition: i.　v. to charge or entreat earnestly or solemnly: beg 恳请/请求
ii.　v. to bring to mind: imagine, contrive 想象/构想
sim: 【近】appeal, beseech, entreat, importune, petition, supplicate
zhuji: 【记】 con一起 + jure发誓 (人们)一起发誓，念咒，祈求 (如，求雨)

正面: restorative
symbol: [rɪˈstɔːrətɪv]
definition: adj. having power to recover or renew: curative 治愈的/有助恢复的
sim: 【近】healing, remedial, tonic, salutary, vulnerary, wholesome
ano: 【反】noxious, nocuous, deleterious, debilitating

正面: disperse
symbol: [dɪˈspɜːrs]
definition: i.　v. to cause to become spread widely: disseminate 散布/传播
ii.　v. to break up in random fashion: scatter 散开/消散
sim: 【近】dispel, dissipate, discharge, dismiss
ano: 【反】assemble, congregate, convene, convoke, summon

正面: monolithic
symbol: [ˌmɑːnəˈlɪθɪk]
definition: i.　adj. of, relating to, or resembling a huge and massive structure: colossal 巨大的
ii.　adj. exhibiting or characterized by often rigidly fixed uniformity 单一的/统一的
sim: 【近】gigantic, bulky, sizable, enormous, mammoth
ano: 【反】tiny, minute, minuscule, infinitesimal,

正面: polarize
symbol: [ˈpoʊləraɪz]
definition: v. to break up into opposing factions or groupings: divide (使)两极化/(使)分裂
sim: 【近】split, differ, diverge, separate
ano: 【反】concenter, concentrate, consolidate, centralize, unify

正面: inexplicable
symbol: [ˌɪnɪkˈsplɪkəbl]
definition: adj. incapable of being explained, interpreted, or accounted for 费解的/莫名其妙的
sim: 【近】unaccountable, indecipherable, inscrutable, unfathomable
ano: 【反】obvious, plain, intelligible

正面: egalitarian
symbol: [iˌɡælɪˈteriən]
definition: adj. promoting human equality in social, political, and economic affairs 主张平等的
sim: 【近】democratic, classless
ano: 【反】authoritarian
zhuji: 【记】 源自equal, g=k=qu

正面: sketchy
symbol: [ˈsketʃi]
definition: i.　adj. wanting in completeness, clearness, or substance: slight, superficial 肤浅的/粗略的
ii.　adj. having many uncertain or unknown qualities or conditions: iffy 不确定的/可疑的
sim: 【近】cursory, depthless, shallow, uncritical

正面: croon
symbol: [kruːn]
definition: v. to sing or speak in a gentle murmuring manner 轻柔地唱歌
zhuji: 【记】 音：哭柔

正面: seamless
symbol: [ˈsiːmləs]
definition: i.　adj. having no awkward transitions or indications of disparity: continuous 无缝的/连贯的
ii.　adj. perfectly consistent: flawless 完美的
sim: 【近】immaculate, impeccable, indefectible, unblemished
ano: 【反】amiss, censurable, defective, reproachable

正面: taint
symbol: [teɪnt]
definition: i.　v. to contaminate morally: corrupt 使腐败/败坏
ii.　v. to affect with something bad: spoil 污染/腐蚀
sim: 【近】besmear, besmirch, defile, mar, putrefy, smear, stain, sully, tarnish
zhuji: 【记】 源自attaint 污点,沾污；stain 污点, 沾污；paint 油漆，涂料弄成的污点<br>【另】 distain 使变色,弄脏,伤害名誉

正面: dazzle
symbol: [ˈdæzl]
definition: i.　v. to lose clear vision especially from looking at bright light: glare (使)目眩
ii.　v. to shine brilliantly 闪烁/照亮
iii.　v. to arouse admiration by an impressive display: amaze 令人惊叹/引人关注

正面: nondescript
symbol: [ˈnɑːndɪskrɪpt]
definition: adj. lacking distinctive or interesting qualities: dull, drab 平凡的/没有特色的
sim: 【近】faceless, indistinctive, plain, unexceptional
zhuji: 【记】 non 不，deseript 描述一没法描述的

正面: callous
symbol: [ˈkæləs]
definition: i.　adj. being hardened and thickened especially from calluses 结茧的/硬结的
ii.　adj. feeling or showing no sympathy for others: hard-hearted 无情的/麻木的
sim: 【近】unfeeling, obdurate, stony, uncompassionate, unsympathetic
zhuji: 【记】 call + ours 有人说我们是冷漠无情的一代,缺乏同情心的一代,脸上都厚硬的起了茧子了；看到有人被偷被打都不管,清华教授13岁女儿公交车上被人掐死也没人站出来；

正面: murky
symbol: [ˈmɜːrki]
definition: adj. darkly vague or obscure: cloudy 浑浊的/模糊的
sim: 【近】ambiguous, dusky, equivocal, nebulous, opaque
ano: 【反】limpid, lucent, translucent, transparent
zhuji: 【记】 音：墨漆，墨黑；象墨一样漆黑的夜

正面: congest
symbol: [kənˈdʒest]
definition: v. to concentrate in a small or narrow space: clog 阻塞/挤满
sim: 【近】block, choke, jam, obstruct, occlude

正面: demise
symbol: [dɪˈmaɪz]
definition: v. to die or decease: succumb 死亡/终止
sim: 【近】annihilate, expire, extinct

正面: numinous
symbol: [ˈnuːmɪnəs]
definition: i.　adj. supernatural, mysterious 神秘的/灵异的
ii.　adj. filled with a sense of the presence of divinity: holy, sacred 神圣的
iii.　adj. appealing to the higher emotions or to the aesthetic sense: spiritual 精神上的
sim: 【近】miraculous, preternatural, unearthly, cabalistic, inscrutable

正面: contrive
symbol: [kənˈtraɪv]
definition: i.　v. to devise or plan 设计/构想/发明
ii.　v. to bring about by stratagem or with difficulty: manage 设法做到
sim: 【近】formulate, frame, hatch, fabricate, manufacture

正面: plastic
symbol: [ˈplæstɪk]
definition: i.　adj. capable of adapting to varying conditions: pliable 可塑的/可适应的
ii.　adj. suggestive of mass-produced goods especially artificial 人造的/人工合成的
sim: 【近】affected, contrived, feigned, forced
ano: 【反】artless, genuine, natural, spontaneous
zhuji: 【记】 plast塑造，icity性质－可塑造的性质－可塑性

正面: debilitate
symbol: [dɪˈbɪlɪteɪt]
definition: v. to impair the strength of: enfeeble 削弱/使衰弱
sim: 【近】weaken, attenuate, sap, undermine, devitalize
ano: 【反】invigorate, vitalize, fortify, reinforce, rejuvenate, restore
zhuji: 【记】 de去掉 + ability 失去能力

正面: abhor
symbol: [əbˈhɔːr]
definition: v. to regard with extreme repugnance: loathe 痛恨/厌恶
sim: 【近】abominate, despise, detest, execrate
zhuji: 【记】 ab否定 + horror 惊骇, 恐怖, 极端厌恶<br>【另】 horrible 可怕的, 恐怖的

正面: blessing
symbol: [ˈblesɪŋ]
definition: i.　n. the formal act of approving: approval 许可/赞同
ii.　n. a thing conducive to happiness or welfare: endowment 天资/禀赋
sim: 【近】approbation, encouragement, favor

正面: omnipresent
symbol: [ˌɑːmnɪˈpreznt]
definition: adj. present in all places at all times: pervasive 无处不在的/普遍的
sim: 【近】allover, ubiquitous, universal
ano: 【反】bounded, finite, cramped, straitened

正面: meddle
symbol: [ˈmedl]
definition: v. to concern oneself officiously, impertinently, or indiscreetly: interfere 干涉/插手
sim: 【近】tamper, intervene, intrude, obtrude
ano: 【反】disregard, neglect, omit, overlook, slight
zhuji: 【记】 middle 到中间来干涉，比如两人在吵架，第三方干涉

正面: spew
symbol: [spjuː]
definition: i.　v. to vomit 呕吐
ii.　v. to ooze out as if under pressure: exude 涌出/喷出/发出
sim: 【近】disgorge, throw up, upchuck

正面: chic
symbol: [ʃiːk]
definition: adj. cleverly stylish or currently fashionable: smart 时尚的/流行的
sim: 【近】dashing, modish, trendy, a la mode

正面: ebb
symbol: [eb]
definition: v. fall from a higher to a lower level: abate 衰退/减少
sim: 【近】moderate, relent, slacken, subside, wane, recede, retreat
ano: 【反】ascend, mount, advance, progress, wax

正面: dilute
symbol: [daɪˈluːt]
definition: i.　v. to make thinner or more liquid by admixture 稀释/冲淡
ii.　v. to diminish the strength, flavor, or brilliance of by admixture: attenuate 削弱
sim: 【近】weaken, moderate, temper
ano: 【反】enrich, fortify, richen, upgrade
zhuji: 【记】 di + solute 溶解物； 稀释让其溶解；音：滴溜，用滴溜水冲谈；lute 音:流淌；<br>【另】 solute 溶解物，溶质，pollute 污染(河流之类的)

正面: regal
symbol: [ˈriːɡl]
definition: adj. of notable excellence or magnificence: splendid 壮丽的/庄严的
sim: 【近】majestic, august, imposing, stately, resplendent, sublime

正面: sabotage
symbol: [ˈsæbətɑːʒ]
definition: n. a deliberate act or process tending to hamper or hurt: obstruction 故意破坏/妨碍
sim: 【近】subversion, undermining, wreckage, impairment, injury
zhuji: 【记】 sabot(沙boot 沙滩鞋) 木鞋，用脚踩坏；音：塞 boot 鞋，向机器里塞鞋来破坏；

正面: affirmative
symbol: [əˈfɜːrmətɪv]
definition: adj. favoring or supporting a proposition or motion: positive 肯定的/积极的

正面: rosy
symbol: [ˈroʊzi]
definition: i.　adj. having a pinkish usually healthy-looking complexion: blooming 面色红润的/健康的
ii.　adj. characterized by or tending to promote optimism: sanguine 乐观的
sim: 【近】encouraging, promising, roseate

正面: compact adj.
symbol: [ˈkɑːmpækt]
definition: i.　adj. having a dense structure or parts or units closely packed or joined 紧凑的/压缩的
ii.　adj. not diffuse or verbose: brief 简洁的
iii.　v. to press together: compress 压缩/使紧凑
sim: 【近】unify, concentrate, integrate, condense, combine
ano: 【反】disperse, dissipate, fluff, loosen

正面: scintillating
symbol: [ˈsɪntɪleɪtɪŋ]
definition: adj. brilliantly lively, stimulating, or witty: smart 有才华的/闪耀的

正面: inveterate
symbol: [ɪnˈvetərət]
definition: adj. firmly established or confirmed in a habit: habitual 习惯性的/根深蒂固的
sim: 【近】deep-seated, entrenched, irradicable, established, inbred, ingrained
zhuji: 【记】 in + veteran 老兵, 老手, 富有经验的人, 退伍军人

正面: outlaw
symbol: [ˈaʊtlɔː]
definition: i.　v. to declare illegal and deprive of the benefit and protection of law: illegalize 宣布…违法
ii.　v. to place under a ban or restriction: prohibit 禁止/取缔
iii.　n. one that is unconventional or rebellious 罪犯/反叛者
sim: 【近】forbid, ban, enjoin, inhibit, interdict, taboo

正面: abrogate
symbol: [ˈæbrəɡeɪt]
definition: v. to abolish by authoritative action: annul 废除
sim: 【近】abate, invalidate, negate, nullify, undo, vitiate, void
ano: 【反】institute, establish, found; confirm, ratify
zhuji: 【记】 ab + rogate 问，要求，权利→去掉权利<br>【另】 abrogate 废除， arrogate 冒称有.权利， derogate 贬损, 毁损，interrogate 审问，询问<br>，prorogate 休会，subrogate 取代，接替，surrogate 代替

正面: accent v.
symbol: [ækˈsent]
definition: i.　v. to pronounce with prominence: stress 重读
ii.　n. special concern or attention: emphasis 强调
sim: 【近】accentuation, stress, underscoring
ano: 【反】downplay, de-emphasize

正面: calamitous
symbol: [kəˈlæmɪtəs]
definition: adj. having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences: disastrous 灾难性的
sim: 【近】fatal, cataclysmic, catastrophic, fateful, ruinous

正面: deplore
symbol: [dɪˈplɔːr]
definition: i.　v. to feel or express grief or sorrow for: mourn 哀叹/对…表示遗憾
ii.　v. to consider unfortunate or deserving of deprecation: disapprove 谴责/不赞同
sim: 【近】bemoan, bewail, grieve, lament, moan, weep
ano: 【反】delight, celebrate, exult, rejoice
zhuji: 【记】 de + 音：破锣，扯着破锣嗓子呼喊；音：破落了，哀叹

正面: reminiscent
symbol: [ˌremɪˈnɪsnt]
definition: adj. tending to remind: suggestive 令人怀旧的/让人想起…的
sim: 【近】redolent, remindful, evocative, suggestive

正面: jarring
symbol: [ˈdʒɑːrɪŋ]
definition: adj. making or causing a harsh and irritating sound: discordant 刺耳的/不和谐的
sim: 【近】grating, hoarse, strident
ano: 【反】soothing
zhuji: 【记】 音:轧，嘎,喳，圆轴或轮子辗压在物体发出的轧轧声

正面: inverse
symbol: [ˌɪnˈvɜːrs]
definition: adj. opposite or reserved in order, nature, or effect: antithetical 相反的/倒转的

正面: stifle
symbol: [ˈstaɪfl]
definition: i.　v. to kill by depriving of oxygen: suffocate 使窒息
ii.　v. to withhold from circulation or expression: suppress 隐藏(信息)/封锁(消息)
iii.　v. to deter or discourage 抑制/制止
sim: 【近】smother, choke, strangle
zhuji: 【记】 stiff 僵硬→窒息而死

正面: intermediary
symbol: [ˌɪntərˈmiːdieri]
definition: i.　adj. occurring at the middle place or degree or between extremes: moderate 适度的/适中的
ii.　adj. acting between two persons: acting as mediator (作为)中间人的
sim: 【近】average, median, medium, modest
ano: 【反】extreme, furthermost, outermost, outmost, utmost

正面: reprehensible
symbol: [ˌreprɪˈhensəbl]
definition: adj. worthy of or deserving criticism: culpable 错误的/应受指责的
sim: 【近】blameworthy, amiss, censurable, guilty, sinful, reproachable
ano: 【反】blameless, faultless, impeccable

正面: fad
symbol: [fæd]
definition: n. an interest followed for a time with exaggerated zeal: craze (一时兴起的)潮流/时尚
sim: 【近】fashion, chic, mode, vogue
zhuji: 【记】 fade 时尚容易消退的

正面: rapacious
symbol: [rəˈpeɪʃəs]
definition: adj. excessively grasping or covetous: voracious 贪婪的
sim: 【近】avaricious, avid, ravenous, insatiable, edacious, gluttonous
zhuji: 【记】 rap 抢，抓；rape 洗劫，掠夺，强奸<br>【另】 rap 抢，抓，敲, 拍，说话，rap music 说唱歌曲

正面: glean
symbol: [ɡliːn]
definition: v. to pick over in search of relevant material: gather 收集/采集
sim: 【近】cull, extract, garner, sift, winnow

正面: forge
symbol: [fɔːrdʒ]
definition: i.　v. to make or imitate falsely especially with intent to defraud: counterfeit 伪造
ii.　v. to form or bring into being especially by an expenditure of effort 锻造/努力实现
sim: 【近】construct, fabricate, manufacture, mold
zhuji: 【记】 音：复制(该词主要是制的意思)→伪造，制造，铸造，锻造，(锻压机)稳步向前,铁匠铺里仿造

正面: dispose
symbol: [dɪˈspoʊz]
definition: i.　v. to give a tendency to: incline 使有倾向/使偏向
ii.　v. to settle a matter finally: discard 丢弃/处理
sim: 【近】dispense, jettison, get rid of

正面: banter
symbol: [ˈbæntər]
definition: i.　v. to speak to or address in a witty and teasing manner: joke (善意地)挑逗/谈笑
ii.　n. good-natured and usually witty and animated joking: badinage 开玩笑/打趣
sim: 【近】backchat, chaff, jesting, persiflage, raillery, repartee
zhuji: 【记】 音：绊他，跟人开玩笑时常在与人说话时“绊他”一跤，指绊嘴

正面: shriek
symbol: [ʃriːk]
definition: v. to cry out in a sharp, high-pitched voice: screech 尖叫/哭喊
sim: 【近】scream, shrill, squeal

正面: histrionic
symbol: [ˌhɪstriˈɑːnɪk]
definition: adj. deliberately affected: theatrical 作戏的/不真实的
sim: 【近】dramatic, melodramatic, stagy
zhuji: 【记】 history 历史 + on 上；历史就是一场戏在大舞台上表演；形意近于theatrical，去掉t

正面: autumnal
symbol: [ɔːˈtʌmnəl]
definition: adj. characterized by a period of late maturity or incipient decline 暮年的/晚年的

正面: spotty
symbol: [ˈspɑːti]
definition: i.　adj. lacking uniformity or irregularly or sparsely distributed 断断续续的/不规律的
ii.　adj. marked with spots: spotted 斑点的
sim: 【近】aperiodic, casual, discontinuous, episodic, erratic, intermittent, sporadic
ano: 【反】constant, continuous, habitual, repeated, steady

正面: insular
symbol: [ˈɪnsələr]
definition: adj. being, having, or reflecting a narrow provincial viewpoint: parochial 狭隘的/孤立的
sim: 【近】provincial, sectarian, insulated, isolated, secluded; circumscribed, confined
ano: 【反】broad-minded, liberal, cosmopolitan, metropolitan
zhuji: 【记】 源自island，insular 去掉n, u，岛国人心胸不开阔<br>【另】 insulate 使绝缘; 使隔离，isolate 使隔离, 使孤立, 使绝缘

正面: expedient
symbol: [ɪkˈspiːdiənt]
definition: i.　adj. concerned with what is immediately advantageous regardless of principles 便利的/合适的
ii.　n. something done to achieve a particular end quickly or temporarily: makeshift 权宜之计
sim: 【近】convenient, judicious, prudent, tactical, opportune, utilitarian

正面: stew
symbol: [stuː]
definition: i.　v. to swelter especially from confinement in a hot or stuffy atmosphere (因闷热而)发晕
ii.　v. to be in a state of suppressed agitation, worry, or resentment 焦虑
iii.　n. heterogeneous mixture: miscellany 混合物/大杂烩
iv. n. a state of excitement, worry, or confusion 兴奋/烦躁/困惑
sim: 【近】commotion, agitation, tumult, turbulence, turmoil

正面: distill
symbol: [dɪˈstɪl]
definition: v. to extract the essence of: concentrate 集中体现/突出(本质)
zhuji: 【记】 dis + 音：滴馏，滴蒸馏水；still 有蒸馏的意思；still water 死水，静水；<br>【另】 still 有蒸馏的意思，instill (向里滴)一滴滴灌入，distill 蒸馏<br>Good habits are the keys to all success. 好习惯是成功的关键。

正面: captivate
symbol: [ˈkæptɪveɪt]
definition: v. to influence by some special charm and with an irresistible appeal: attract 吸引/迷住
sim: 【近】allure, bewitch, enchant, fascinate, magnetize, wile, enthrall, mesmerize, spellbind
ano: 【反】repulse, spurn, snub
zhuji: 【记】 源自capture； captain 师哥, 跟你坦白了吧，我是被你给迷住和俘虏了

正面: impasse
symbol: [ˈɪmpæs]
definition: n. a predicament affording no obvious escape: deadlock 僵局/死胡同
sim: 【近】gridlock, halt, stalemate, standoff, standstill, dilemma

正面: pandemonium
symbol: [ˌpændəˈmoʊniəm]
definition: i.　n. a wild uproar: tumult 混乱/喧闹
ii.　n. the infernal regions: hell 炼狱/地狱
sim: 【近】bedlam, chaos, clamor, hubbub, tumult, uproar
zhuji: 【记】 pan- 全 + demon 魔鬼，原指迷失伊甸园中地狱的中心，魔窟

正面: bucolic
symbol: [bjuːˈkɑːlɪk]
definition: i.　adj. relating to or typical of rural life 乡村的
ii.　adj. pleasing or picturesque in natural simplicity: idyllic (田园生活一般)简单的/宜人的
sim: 【近】agrestic, pastoral, rustic
ano: 【反】urban

正面: grant
symbol: [ɡrænt]
definition: i.　v. to formally give the possession or title of by a deed: bestow 授予/转让
ii.　v. to be willing to concede: acknowledge 承认/认可
iii.　v. to assume to be true 假定/暂且承认
sim: 【近】accede, assent, consent

正面: naysayer
symbol: [ˈneɪˌseɪər]
definition: n. one who refuses, opposes, or is skeptical about something: skeptic 唱反调的人
sim: 【近】misanthrope, cynic, pessimist

正面: tilt
symbol: [tɪlt]
definition: i.　v. to incline or become drawn toward an opinion or course of action: slant 倾斜/倾向(于)
ii.　v. to make an impetuous attack 抨击/攻击

正面: unidimensional
symbol: [ˌjunɪdaɪˈmenʃənəl]
definition: adj. lacking depth: superficial 肤浅的/单一维度的
sim: 【近】facile, shallow
ano: 【反】deep, profound

正面: dovish
symbol: [ˈdʌvɪʃ]
definition: adj. taking a conciliatory attitude and advocating negotiations and opposing wars 反战的/鸽派的
sim: 【近】pacifist, pacific, placatory, soothing
ano: 【反】hawkish, belligerent, bloodthirsty, martial, warmongering

正面: anchor
symbol: [ˈæŋkər]
definition: v. to secure firmly: fix (使)固定
sim: 【近】fasten, catch, clamp, moor, imbed
ano: 【反】loosen

正面: varnish
symbol: [ˈvɑːrnɪʃ]
definition: i.　v. to cover or conceal with something that gives an attractive appearance: gloss 虚饰/掩饰
ii.　v. to adorn or embellish 装饰/修饰
sim: 【近】palliate, blanch, extenuate, sugarcoat, veneer, whitewash
zhuji: 【记】 vanish 上一层清漆，就好象消失了一般<br>【另】 tarnish 开头是tar柏油，黑的，varnish 是象消失了一样透明；furnish 供应

正面: prefigure
symbol: [ˌpriːˈfɪɡjər]
definition: v. to show, suggest, or announce beforehand: anticipate 预示/预测
sim: 【近】adumbrate, forerun, harbinger, herald, foreshadow, portend, presage

正面: minuscule
symbol: [ˈmɪnəskjuːl]
definition: adj. very small: tiny 极小的/微小的
sim: 【近】infinitesimal, diminutive, microscopic, miniature, minute, teeny

正面: vivacious
symbol: [vɪˈveɪʃəs]
definition: adj. lively in temper, conduct, or spirit: sprightly 活泼的/热闹的
sim: 【近】spirited, racy, vibrant, zesty, exuberant, ebullient, effervescent
ano: 【反】languid, lackadaisical, leaden, listless, vapid
zhuji: 【记】 viv 生命，生存；<br>【另】 vive la france 法国万岁，法国永存，课本最后一课中的词

正面: terrestrial
symbol: [təˈrestriəl]
definition: i.　adj. mundane in scope or character: prosaic 世俗的/平凡的
ii.　adj. of or relating to land as distinct from air or water 陆地的
sim: 【近】carnal, earthborn, material, mundane, secular, earthly, worldly

正面: requisite
symbol: [ˈrekwɪzɪt]
definition: adj. necessary, essential 必要的/必需的
sim: 【近】imperative, indispensable, integral, vital
zhuji: 【记】 源自require；request 要求的东西

正面: unkempt
symbol: [ˌʌnˈkempt]
definition: adj. deficient in order or neatness: unpolished 杂乱的/粗糙的
sim: 【近】slovenly, disheveled, messy, muddled, slipshod, sloppy
ano: 【反】combed, shipshape, trim, uncluttered
zhuji: 【记】 源自un + combed 梳理；看成 un + kept 未保持, 保养好

正面: faze
symbol: [feɪz]
definition: v. to disturb the composure of: disconcert, daunt 惊扰/使为难/使烦恼
sim: 【近】embarrass, abash, confound, discomfit, rattle, nonplus, perplex, dismay, irritate, vex
ano: 【反】calm, compose, soothe; ease, relieve
zhuji: 【记】 音：痱子，身上起痱子会坐不住，全身痒痒,总是挠身上,弄得狼狈；<br>【另】 confuse 搞乱, 使糊涂

正面: didactic
symbol: [daɪˈdæktɪk]
definition: adj. intended to teach especially morally: preachy 喜欢说教的/用于教学的
sim: 【近】sermonic, homiletic, moralizing, sententious
zhuji: 【记】 did do 做的过去时 + act 行动,教人如何做或行动→教诲的

正面: downright
symbol: [ˈdaʊnraɪt]
definition: i.　adv. absolutely 绝对地/完全地
ii.　adj. complete and without restriction or qualification: outright, thorough 彻底的/绝对的
iii.　adj. characterized by plain blunt honesty: abrupt 直率的/坦诚的
sim: 【近】bluff, brusque, crusty, curt, unceremonious
ano: 【反】circuitous, meandering, roundabout, devious

正面: jettison
symbol: [ˈdʒetɪsn]
definition: v. to get rid of as superfluous or encumbering: discard 抛弃/丢弃
sim: 【近】abdicate, abandon, dump, scrap, shed, slough
ano: 【反】salvage
zhuji: 【记】 jet 喷射，喷气式飞机 + tion 名词，东西

正面: backwater
symbol: [ˈbækwɔːtər]
definition: i.　n. an isolated or backward place or condition that resists progress 停滞不前的状态/死水
ii.　n. an unpopular or unimportant field 冷门行业

正面: overarching
symbol: [ˌoʊvərˈɑːrtʃɪŋ]
definition: adj. dominating or embracing all else: predominant 首要的/主导的
ano: 【反】secondary, accessory, tributary, subordinate, inferior

正面: oversee
symbol: [ˌoʊvərˈsiː]
definition: v. to have or exercise the charge and oversight of: direct 监督/审查
sim: 【近】superintend, supervise, overlook, survey, inspect, examine

正面: incendiary
symbol: [ɪnˈsendieri]
definition: adj. tending to incite or inflame agitation or quarrels: inflammatory 煽动性的
sim: 【近】instigative, provocative, revolutionary, seditious
ano: 【反】calming, moderating, soothing, temperate
zhuji: 【记】 in + cend(cens) 烧；与cinder(煤渣)同源，与燃烧有关；童话故事中Cinderella就是因为满身煤灰所以叫灰姑娘<br>Misfortunes never come alone.　　祸不单行。 <br>【另】 incense 香，薰香，激怒，cinder 煤渣, 灰烬，Cinderella 灰姑娘

正面: hidebound
symbol: [ˈhaɪdbaʊnd]
definition: adj. having an inflexible or ultraconservative character 保守的/死板的
sim: 【近】brassbound, bigoted, die-hard, reactionary
ano: 【反】liberal, open-minded, progressive, unconventional
zhuji: 【记】 hide 皮 + bound 包裹，原指牛之类的动物，皮紧紧包着肉，比喻象牛一样顽固不灵活，保守；hide 藏 + bound 束缚的，音：绑的，藏起来束缚自己的，不公开开放，心胸开阔的

正面: slur
symbol: [slɜːr]
definition: i.　n. an insulting or disparaging remark or innuendo: aspersion 诋毁/贬低
ii.　n. a shaming or degrading effect: stigma 污点/瑕疵
iii.　v. to slide over without due mention or consideration: skimp 忽略/草率地看
sim: 【近】neglect, blink, discount, disregard, overlook
zhuji: 【记】 slip + obscure；blur 涂污, 污损(名誉)，污点；音：嗍罗，嘴里吮吸时发出的含糊发音<br>【另】 failure 失败

正面: encomium
symbol: [enˈkoʊmiəm]
definition: n. glowing and warmly enthusiastic praise: tribute 赞颂/表扬
sim: 【近】eulogy, salutation, homage, acclaim, plaudits, accolade, compliment
ano: 【反】abuse, invective, obloquy, vituperation
zhuji: 【记】 源自comi 高兴，欢乐；en 使 + comic 笑，高兴→使你高兴，说你好听的；welcome 欢迎时说些赞颂的话<br>【另】 comic 滑稽的，喜剧的，comedian 喜剧演员

正面: sift
symbol: [sɪft]
definition: v. to go through especially to separate or sort out what is useful: explore 筛选/详查
sim: 【近】delve, dig, investigate, probe, prospect

正面: friable
symbol: [ˈfraɪəbl]
definition: adj. easily crumbled or pulverized: fragile 脆弱的
sim: 【近】brittle, crispy, crumbly, flaky
zhuji: 【记】 近于frail 和 fragile；fry 油炸，油炸的东西都是脆的，易碎的(如天津麻花)

正面: befuddle
symbol: [bɪˈfʌdl]
definition: v. to make confused: perplex 使困惑
sim: 【近】muddle, bewilder, daze, fluster, fuddle

正面: rapprochement
symbol: [ˌræproʊʃˈmɑːn]
definition: n. establishment of or state of having cordial relations: reconciliation 友好/和解
sim: 【近】agreement, harmonizing, reconcilement, rapport, settlement
zhuji: 【记】 源自re重新 + approach 接近→两人就重新接近→和好

正面: anecdote
symbol: [ˈænɪkdoʊt]
definition: n. a short narrative of an interesting or biographical incident: tale 小故事/趣闻
zhuji: 【记】 ancient + dot 以前的(anec) 点滴(dot) 往事

正面: introspection
symbol: [ɪntrəˈspekʃn]
definition: n. reflective looking inward: an examination of one’s own thoughts and feelings 内省/自省
sim: 【近】contemplation, meditation, reflection

正面: stagnation
symbol: [stæɡˈneɪʃn]
definition: n. a state of inactivity especially without advance or development: inertia 停滞/不活跃
sim: 【近】depression, recession, slump, sluggishness, torpor

正面: slacken
symbol: [ˈslækən]
definition: i.　v. to make or become less active: delay 减缓/放慢
ii.　v. to make or become less firm or steady: loosen 使松弛
sim: 【近】lax, relax, slack
ano: 【反】tighten

正面: pushover
symbol: [ˈpʊʃoʊvər]
definition: i.　n. something accomplished without difficulty: snap 容易完成的事情
ii.　n. an opponent who is easy to defeat or has no effective resistance 容易打败的对手

正面: myth
symbol: [mɪθ]
definition: i.　n. an unfounded or false notion 没有根据的说话/谎言
ii.　n. a person or thing having only an imaginary or unverifiable existence 虚构的人或事

正面: clique
symbol: [kliːk]
definition: n. a narrow exclusive group held together by common interests or purposes 小团体/派系
sim: 【近】clan, coterie, faction, pack

正面: unwitting
symbol: [ʌnˈwɪtɪŋ]
definition: i.　adj. not knowing: unaware 不知情的/不专注的
ii.　adj. not intended: inadvertent 无意的/疏忽(导致)的
sim: 【近】accidental, unintentional, involuntary, unpremeditated
ano: 【反】deliberate, measured, considered, calculated
zhuji: 【记】 un 不，witting（adj.有意的）：不是有意的

正面: exploit
symbol: [ɪkˈsplɔɪt]
definition: i.　v. to make productive use of: utilize 利用
ii.　v. to make use of meanly or unfairly for one’s own advantage: milk 压榨/剥削
iii.　n. a notable or heroic act: feat 功绩/英雄事迹
sim: 【近】achievement, coup, deed, performance, tour de force
zhuji: 【记】 发音象employ 使用，雇用；很多employer雇方使用employee时是为其私利剥削利用，而且现在这种行为还成了英雄行为了<br>【另】 explore 探测，斟控，explore 的结尾是ore矿石，勘探矿石，exploit 有个象oil的，中国缺油<br>，开发开采石油

正面: far-fetched
symbol: [ˈfɑːrˈfetʃt]
definition: adj. not easily or naturally deduced or introduced: improbable 牵强的/无把握的
sim: 【近】dubious, flimsy, questionable, unapt, unlikely

正面: self-serving
symbol: [ˈselfˈsɜːrvɪŋ]
definition: adj. serving one’s own interests in disregard of the interests of others: egocentric 自私的
sim: 【近】egoistic, egomaniacal, solipsistic, narcissistic, self-absorbed, self-involved
ano: 【反】altruistic, generous, magnanimous, noble

正面: hard-boiled
symbol: [ˈhɑːrdˈbɔɪld]
definition: i.　adj. devoid of sentimentality: tough 不懂感情的/冷淡的
ii.　adj. concerned with or involving practical considerations: hardheaded 现实的/切合实际的
sim: 【近】realistic, down-to-earth, pragmatic, sober

正面: parochial
symbol: [pəˈroʊkiəl]
definition: adj. confined or limited in range or scope: provincial 狭隘的/地方性的
sim: 【近】insular, sectarian, hidebound, narrow-minded
ano: 【反】catholic, cosmic, cosmopolitan, universal

正面: cowardice
symbol: [ˈkaʊərdɪs]
definition: n. lack of courage or resolution: timidity 懦弱/胆怯
sim: 【近】cravenness, gutlessness, poltroonery, pusillanimity
ano: 【反】daring, gallantry, intrepidity, stoutness, valiance
zhuji: 【记】 cow + ward, toward 象牛一样

正面: ethos
symbol: [ˈiːθɑːs]
definition: n. the distinguishing moral nature, or guiding beliefs of a group 民族精神/社会思潮
sim: 【近】ethics, morality, norms, principles, standards
zhuji: 【记】 与ethn- 和ethi- 都相关的，关于人，种族的道德，精神气质

正面: perilous
symbol: [ˈperələs]
definition: adj. full of or involving danger: dangerous 危险的
sim: 【近】chancy, hazardous, menacing, jeopardous, treacherous, wicked
ano: 【反】harmless, innocent, innocuous

正面: composure
symbol: [kəmˈpoʊʒər]
definition: n. a calmness or repose of mind, bearing, or appearance: self-possession 镇定/冷静
sim: 【近】ataraxy, imperturbability, phlegm, sangfroid
ano: 【反】agitation, discomposure, perturbation

正面: tonic
symbol: [ˈtɑːnɪk]
definition: adj. increasing or restoring physical or mental tone: refreshing 振作精神的/令人兴奋的
sim: 【近】bracing, cordial, invigorating, rejuvenating, restorative, reviving, stimulating
ano: 【反】debilitating, enfeebling, enervating, exhausting, grueling, sapping
zhuji: 【记】 tone 本身还有品质，身体素质，健康状态的意思；tone + nice (老人家)您声音这么好，中气十足，吃什么补品了吧

正面: deaden
symbol: [ˈdedn]
definition: i.　v. to impair in vigor, force, or activity: dampen 减弱/缓和/抑制
ii.　v. to deprive of life: kill 杀死
sim: 【近】benumb, blunt, desensitize, anesthetize, paralyze, stun, stupefy
ano: 【反】animate, vivify, energize, invigorate, vitalize

正面: seminal
symbol: [ˈsemɪnl]
definition: adj. containing or contributing the seeds of later development: original 原创的/新颖的
sim: 【近】formative, pivotal, ground-breaking, inspirational
zhuji: 【记】 源自semen 种子，精子；指能够成长的，能创造出新东西的；音：撒米，撒大米种子<br>【另】 seminar 研讨会

正面: tranquil
symbol: [ˈtræŋkwɪl]
definition: i.　adj. free from agitation or disturbance of mind: calm 平静的/冷静的
ii.　adj. unvarying in aspect: steady 稳定的
sim: 【近】collected, composed, placid, poised, possessed, serene, pacific
ano: 【反】stirred up, troubled, agitated, disturbed; tumultuous, uproarious

正面: platitude
symbol: [ˈplætɪtuːd]
definition: i.　n. the quality or state of being dull or insipid: vapidity 乏味/无聊
ii.　n. a banal, trite, or stale remark: commonplace 陈词滥调
sim: 【近】banality, bromide, cliché, prosaicism
zhuji: 【记】 plat 平 + titude 状态，attitude 态度→平淡的态度

正面: repertoire
symbol: [ˈrepərtwɑːr]
definition: n. a supply of skills, devices, or expedients used in a particular field 全部节目/全部技能
sim: 【近】collection, inventory, pool, range, reservoir, stock
zhuji: 【记】 reservoir 象储水池一样的常备剧目<br>【另】 repository 仓库， depository 存放处，repertory 仓库

正面: ogre
symbol: [ˈoʊɡər]
definition: i.　n. a hideous giant of fairy tales that feeds on human beings: monster 怪物
ii.　n. a dreaded person or object 令人害怕的人或事

正面: retroactive
symbol: [ˌretroʊˈæktɪv]
definition: adj. done, made, or formulated after the fact: ex post facto 追溯的/从之前某一天开始生效的

正面: vicious
symbol: [ˈvɪʃəs]
definition: i.　adj. having the nature or quality of vice or immorality: depraved 堕落的/罪恶的
ii.　adj. dangerously aggressive: savage, brutal 凶猛的/残忍的
iii.　adj. marked by violence or ferocity: fierce, intense 剧烈的/激烈的
iv. adj. having or showing a desire to cause harm: malicious 有害的/恶意的
sim: 【近】spiteful, despiteful, malevolent, rancorous
ano: 【反】virtuous, righteous
zhuji: 【记】 源自vice 罪恶，坏，形音意同wick，wicked；音：尾蛇，一尾蛇般恶毒；音：喂蛇死，将人喂给蛇吃死<br>【另】 villainous 罪恶的, 缺德的

正面: augur
symbol: [ˈɔːɡər]
definition: v. to give promise or prediction of: presage 预言/预示
sim: 【近】adumbrate, portend, prognosticate, forebode, foreshadow, omen, prefigure
zhuji: 【记】 augury 占卜 结尾是ur，指人

正面: lull
symbol: [lʌl]
definition: i.　v. to cause to sleep or rest: soothe 安抚/使平静
ii.　n. a temporary pause or decline in activity: break 间歇/暂时平静
sim: 【近】calm, allay, balm, compose, tranquilize
ano: 【反】agitate, discompose, disquiet, perturb, vex
zhuji: 【记】 音：啦，妈妈唱摇篮曲的啦啦声<br>【另】 lullaby 摇篮曲

正面: gravitate
symbol: [ˈɡrævɪteɪt]
definition: i.　v. to be drawn or attracted especially by natural inclination 被吸引
ii.　v. to move under the influence of gravity: descend 受重力作用

正面: hearing
symbol: [ˈhɪrɪŋ]
definition: i.　n. opport Unity to be heard or to be generally known or appreciated (出名/被认可的)机会
ii.　n. a session in which testimony is taken from witnesses 听证会/听讯

正面: calculated
symbol: [ˈkælkjuleɪtɪd]
definition: adj. planned or contrived to accomplish a purpose: deliberate, intended 有计划的/故意的
sim: 【近】designed, considered, measured
zhuji: 【记】 calculate 计算，算计<br>Behind bad luck comes good luck. 塞翁失马，焉知非福。

正面: pertain
symbol: [pərˈteɪn]
definition: v. have to do with or be relevant to: apply 与…相关/适合
sim: 【近】bear, appertain, associate, combine, join
zhuji: 【记】 per 通过 through + tain 拿着 hold<br>【另】 abstain 禁绝 放弃，attain 得到 获得，detain 拘留 延迟 阻止，maintain 维持，维修，obtain 得到，pertain 属于，有关，适合，retain 保持 保留，sustain 支撑 维持，

正面: distend
symbol: [dɪˈstend]
definition: v. to enlarge or extend from internal pressure: swell (使)膨胀/扩张
sim: 【近】amplify, dilate, inflate, augment, lengthen
ano: 【反】constrict, compress, condense, contract, shrink
zhuji: 【记】 tend 拉长，延伸，近于extend(向外拉) 延伸，扩张，dis 向四周 + tend 拉<br>【另】 tend 趋向,照管，attend 参加，contend 竞争，distend 扩大，扩张，extend 延伸，扩张<br>，intend 打算，pretend 假装，protend (向前拉)伸出，伸展

正面: assemble
symbol: [əˈsembl]
definition: i.　v. to bring together especially the parts of: gather 收集/汇集
ii.　v. to meet together: convene 集会/会合
sim: 【近】convoke, congregate, summon
ano: 【反】disperse, dispel, dissipate, scatter, disband, split

正面: alienate
symbol: [ˈeɪliəneɪt]
definition: v. to make unfriendly, hostile, or indifferent: estrange 使疏远/离间
sim: 【近】disaffect, disUnite, disgruntle, wean
ano: 【反】accommodate, conform, reconcile, Unite
zhuji: 【记】 alien：a不 + 音：邻，不是本国的，邻国的→外国人，外星人；a不 + 音：连，不连着就是疏远

正面: unassuming
symbol: [ˌʌnəˈsuːmɪŋ]
definition: adj. not arrogant or excessively forward: modest 谦虚的
sim: 【近】humble, meek, modest, demure, unpretentious
ano: 【反】presumptuous, bumptious, conceited, haughty, imperious, supercilious

正面: plagiarize
symbol: [ˈpleɪdʒəraɪz]
definition: v. to steal and pass off as one’s own: use without crediting the source 剽窃/抄袭

正面: synopsis
symbol: [sɪˈnɑːpsɪs]
definition: n. a condensed statement or outline: abstract 概要/大纲
sim: 【近】abridgment, breviary, condensation, conspectus, epitome, recapitulation
zhuji: 【记】 Syn + opus operations 将要干的工作放到一起→摘要；形近于thesis，但是前面是syn，综合的意思，论文前面的概述

正面: explicate
symbol: [ˈeksplɪkeɪt]
definition: v. to give a detailed explanation of: clarify 说明/解释
sim: 【近】expound, expand, expatiate, illuminate, elucidate
ano: 【反】obscure
zhuji: 【记】 同explain；ex 出 + plic 复杂→将复杂的事情弄清楚<br>【另】 complicate(一起缠) 使变复杂，duplicate(两根线) 复制，explicate(使不缠)搞清楚，说明<br>，implicate(使缠在里面)使牵连其中，暗示，plicate 折成扇状,有褶的,有皱的，replicate 复制<br>，supplicate 恳求，祷告乞求

正面: codify
symbol: [ˈkɑːdɪfaɪ]
definition: v. to arrange and classify in accord with a definite plan or scheme: systemize 整理/编纂
sim: 【近】assort, categorize, compartmentalize, relegate, sort
ano: 【反】derange, disarrange, disarray, disorder

正面: momentous
symbol: [moʊˈmentəs]
definition: adj. important, consequential 重要的
sim: 【近】considerable, material, meaningful, substantial, weighty
ano: 【反】trivial, trifling, minor, slight, petty
zhuji: 【记】 moment + ours 我们的紧要关头，关键时刻(到了)

正面: tribute
symbol: [ˈtrɪbjuːt]
definition: n. something that indicates the worth, virtue, or effectiveness: encomium 赞美
sim: 【近】accolade, dithyramb, eulogy, homage, panegyric, salutation
zhuji: 【记】 contribute 贡献<br>【另】 attribute 品质，contribute 贡献, distribute 分发，分配, retribution 报答，报应

正面: notorious
symbol: [noʊˈtɔːriəs]
definition: adj. widely and unfavorably known: infamous 臭名昭著的
sim: 【近】disgraceful, ignominious, louche, opprobrious
ano: 【反】reputable, notable, prestigious

正面: particularize
symbol: [pərˈtɪkjələraɪz]
definition: v. to state in detail: specify 详细说明/展开
zhuji: 【记】 将每部分part来列举出来

正面: covert
symbol: [ˈkoʊvɜːrt]
definition: adj. not openly shown, engaged in, or avowed: veiled 秘密的/隐蔽的
sim: 【近】secret, clandestine, furtive, stealthy, surreptitious, camouflaged, cloaked, disguised
ano: 【反】overt, candid, frank, open
zhuji: 【记】 源自cover，covered 罩着的，不见人的

正面: gingerbread
symbol: [ˈdʒɪndʒərbred]
definition: n. lavish or superfluous ornament especially in architecture 华而不实(的装饰)

正面: speculate
symbol: [ˈspekjuleɪt]
definition: i.　v. to take to be true on the basis of insufficient evidence: conjecture 推测/猜想
ii.　v. to meditate on or ponder a subject: think 思考/考虑
sim: 【近】cerebrate, cogitate, deliberate, reflect, excogitate, weigh
zhuji: 【记】 spect 看 + calculate 算计→仔细看，并且心里算计→沉思，怎么买卖股票投机

正面: beset
symbol: [bɪˈset]
definition: i.　v. to cause worry or distress to: trouble 困扰/使烦恼
ii.　v. to hem in: surround 包围/围困
sim: 【近】compass, encircle, encompass, environ
zhuji: 【记】 be + set 被放置在内

正面: coddle
symbol: [ˈkɑːdl]
definition: v. to treat with extreme or excessive care or kindness: pamper 溺爱/宠爱
sim: 【近】cater to, cosset, humor, indulge, mollycoddle, spoil
ano: 【反】abuse, ill-treat, maltreat, mishandle, misuse

正面: disarray
symbol: [ˌdɪsəˈreɪ]
definition: i.　v. to throw into disorder 使混乱
ii.　n. a lack of clear and orderly thought and behavior: confusion 困惑/混乱
sim: 【近】ataxia, chaos, clutter, muddle, topsy-turviness
zhuji: 【记】 dis+array 排列,装扮→漫无秩序

正面: caterwaul
symbol: [ˈkætərwɔːl]
definition: i.　v. to make a harsh cry: shriek 哭喊/发出(猫叫春一样)刺耳的声音
ii.　v. to protest or complain noisily 大声抱怨/抗议

正面: disgorge
symbol: [dɪsˈɡɔːrdʒ]
definition: i.　v. to discharge by the throat and mouth: vomit 呕吐/吐出
ii.　v. to give up on request or under pressure 被迫交出
zhuji: 【记】 dis + gorge n.咽喉, 胃, 峡谷 v.狼吞虎咽, 暴食<br>【另】 Three Gorges 三峡

正面: ecstasy
symbol: [ˈekstəsi]
definition: n. a state of overwhelming emotion especially rapturous delight: elation 狂喜/入迷
sim: 【近】rapture, rhapsody, transport, bliss, euphoria, intoxication
zhuji: 【记】 源自 ecstatic<br>【另】 stasis 郁积，停滞

正面: dispel
symbol: [dɪˈspel]
definition: v. to drive away by or as if by scattering: dissipate 驱赶/驱散
sim: 【近】disperse, dismiss, eject, expel, oust
ano: 【反】assemble, cluster, collect, concentrate, congregate

正面: paralyze
symbol: [ˈpærəlaɪz]
definition: i.　v. cause to be paralyzed and immobile 使瘫痪/使麻痹
ii.　v. to bring to an end: prevent, destroy 摧毁/终止
sim: 【近】cripple, disable, incapacitate, prostrate

正面: glamorous
symbol: [ˈɡlæmərəs]
definition: adj. full of charm: excitingly attractive 有魅力的/吸引人的
sim: 【近】alluring, bewitching, captivating, enchanting, fascinating, magnetic, seductive, siren

正面: intercept
symbol: [ˌɪntərˈsept]
definition: v. to stop, seize, or interrupt in progress or course or before arrival: block 拦截
sim: 【近】interdict, seize, check, curb

正面: draconian
symbol: [drəˈkoʊniən]
definition: adj. cruel and severe: rigid 严厉的/苛刻的
sim: 【近】ironhanded, rigorous, strict, stringent
zhuji: 【记】 dragon 象龙一样凶暴,外国的龙指象带翅膀恐龙一样的动物

正面: megalomania
symbol: [ˌmeɡələˈmeɪniə]
definition: n. a delusional mental feelings of personal omnipotence: self-aggrandizement 狂妄/自大

正面: monger
symbol: [ˈmʌŋgər]
definition: i.　v. to travel about with wares for sale: peddle 贩卖/兜售
ii.　n. a person who stirs up or spread something discreditable 制造/散布…的人

正面: decided
symbol: [dɪˈsaɪdɪd]
definition: i.　adj. beyond any doubt or ambiguity: unquestionable 明确的/显然的
ii.　adj. free from doubt or wavering 坚决的/果断的
sim: 【近】decisive, determined, resolute, resolved
ano: 【反】faltering, hesitant, vacillating, wavering

正面: hectic
symbol: [ˈhektɪk]
definition: adj. characterized by intense agitation and emotion: frantic 兴奋的/狂热的/忙乱的
sim: 【近】feverish, fervid, fevered, frenzied, heated

正面: susceptible
symbol: [səˈseptəbl]
definition: i.　adj. open, subject, or unresisting to some stimulus, influence, or agency: liable 易受…影响的
ii.　adj. quick to respond or react appropriately or sympathetically: sensitive 敏感的/反应敏捷的
sim: 【近】inclined, prone, disposed, exposed, vulnerable

正面: reclusive
symbol: [rɪˈkluːsɪv]
definition: adj. marked by withdrawal from society: solitary 隐居的/与世隔绝的
sim: 【近】antisocial, eremitic, misanthropic, reserved, secluded, standoffish

正面: anthropogenic
symbol: [ˌænθrəpəˈdʒenɪk]
definition: adj. resulting from the influence of human beings on nature: artificial 人为的/人类活动引起的

正面: gloat
symbol: [ɡloʊt]
definition: v. to observe with triumphant and often malicious satisfaction or delight 幸灾乐祸地看
zhuji: 【记】 goat 山羊，替罪羊，色鬼；幸灾乐祸地看替罪羊心里窃喜自己没事；音：搞头，这个有搞头<br>，满意地看或者思考，时常有些恶意的

正面: overture
symbol: [ˈoʊvərtʃər]
definition: i.　n. something introductory: prelude 序曲/前奏
ii.　n. an initiative toward agreement or action: proposal 提议/提案
sim: 【近】introduction, exordium, foreword, preamble, preface, prologue
zhuji: 【记】 近于aperture 孔, 穴，有了突破或开端；overt 翻过来，可看成overturn 翻过来，将乐谱翻开→开始，一件事有了开始，进展→提议；

正面: condescending
symbol: [ˌkɑːndɪˈsendɪŋ]
definition: adj. showing or characterized by a patronizing or superior attitude toward others 傲慢的
sim: 【近】disdainful, haughty, supercilious, lofty

正面: canned
symbol: [kænd]
definition: adj. lacking originality or individuality as if mass-produced: formulaic 千篇一律的/公式化的

正面: skittish
symbol: [ˈskɪtɪʃ]
definition: i.　adj. lively or frisky in action: capricious 活泼的/活跃(而多变)的
ii.　adj. easily frightened: restive 易紧张的/担惊受怕的
sim: 【近】excitable, agitable, combustible, edgy
zhuji: 【记】 看成skirt + ish 穿裙子人的特点，女人特点，易惊恐，害羞

正面: fraught
symbol: [frɔːt]
definition: i.　adj. full of or accompanied by something specified 满载的/蕴含…的
ii.　adj. causing or characterized by emotional distress or tension: uneasy 担心的/忧虑的
sim: 【近】tense, anxious, uptight, apprehensive
ano: 【反】calming, comfortable, peaceful, tranquil
zhuji: 【记】 近于 freight 货物；音：富饶的，也就是东西很多，充满

正面: conundrum
symbol: [kəˈnʌndrəm]
definition: n. an intricate and difficult problem: enigma 谜题/棘手的问题
zhuji: 【记】 con + under + drum 全都蒙在鼓里→谜语

正面: teem
symbol: [tiːm]
definition: v. to become filled to overflowing: abound 充满/大量出现
sim: 【近】pullulate, swarm, bustle, cram, overflow
ano: 【反】lack, want

正面: potent
symbol: [ˈpoʊtnt]
definition: i.　adj. having or wielding force, authority, or influence: powerful 强大的/有影响力的
ii.　adj. achieving or bringing about a particular result: effective 有效的
sim: 【近】forceful, forcible, mighty, puissant

正面: cluster
symbol: [ˈklʌstər]
definition: v. to collect, grow, assemble, or occur into a group: gather (使)聚集
sim: 【近】accumulate, aggregate, associate, cumulate, bundle, parcel
ano: 【反】disband, disperse, split

正面: facilitate
symbol: [fəˈsɪlɪteɪt]
definition: v. to make easier or help bring about: ease 促进/使容易
sim: 【近】enable, simplify, smooth, expedite, accelerate
ano: 【反】complicate, obscure, obfuscate, confound
zhuji: 【记】 facility便利 + ate动词

正面: idle
symbol: [ˈaɪdl]
definition: i.　adj. not occupied or employed: inactive 闲暇的/不活跃的
ii.　adj. lacking in ambition or incentive: lazy 懒惰的/无所事事的
iii.　v. to spend time idly: dawdle 虚度时光
sim: 【近】indolent, inert, shiftless, slothful
ano: 【反】industrious, diligent, assiduous, painstaking

正面: erode
symbol: [ɪˈroʊd]
definition: v. to cause to deteriorate or disappear as if by eating or wearing away: abrade 侵蚀/磨损
sim: 【近】chafe, corrode, gall, ruffle, wear away
zhuji: 【记】 e出 + rode 咬→咬掉→腐蚀<br>【另】 corrode 腐蚀，erode 腐蚀，rodent 咬的,侵蚀性的，啮齿动物

正面: fatigue
symbol: [fəˈtiːɡ]
definition: n. weariness or exhaustion from labor, exertion, or stress: lethargy 劳累/疲乏
sim: 【近】lassitude, enervation, ennui, languor, listlessness; debilitation, feebleness
ano: 【反】briskness, vigor, vitality; endurance, strength
zhuji: 【记】 fat肥胖 + tigue 音：体格，肥胖的体格容易疲乏，劳累；音：乏体格，疲乏的体格

正面: cunning
symbol: [ˈkʌnɪŋ]
definition: i.　adj. dexterous or crafty in attaining an end: clever 灵巧的/聪明的
ii.　adj. displaying keen insight: insightful 敏锐的/有远见的
iii.　adj. characterized by wiliness and trickery: sly 狡猾的
sim: 【近】artful, astute, foxy, guileful, insidious
ano: 【反】artless, naive, unsophisticated
zhuji: 【记】 can 能；这人很能啊

正面: trove
symbol: [troʊv]
definition: n. a valuable collection: treasure 收藏(的东西)
sim: 【近】accumulation, aggregation, amassment, conglomeration, hoard

正面: oust
symbol: [aʊst]
definition: i.　v. to remove from or dispossess of property or position: expel 驱逐
ii.　v. to take the place of: supplant 取代/代替
sim: 【近】banish, cast out, deport, expulse, ostracize, relegate
zhuji: 【记】 音:使 out

正面: disinformation
symbol: [ˌdɪsˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃn]
definition: n. false information deliberately spread in order to obscure the truth: deception 虚假信息/欺骗

正面: anatomize
symbol: [əˈnætəˌmaɪz]
definition: v. to cut in pieces in order to examine the structure of the parts: dissect 解剖/仔细分析
sim: 【近】analyze, decompose, decompound

正面: insouciance
symbol: [ɪnˈsuːsiəns]
definition: n. lighthearted unconcern: nonchalance 无忧无虑/漫不经心
sim: 【近】apathy, disregard, heedlessness, lassitude, lethargy, listlessness, torpor

正面: detest
symbol: [dɪˈtest]
definition: v. to feel intense and often violent antipathy toward: loathe 厌恶/憎恨
sim: 【近】abhor, abominate, execrate, repudiate, spurn

正面: multifarious
symbol: [ˌmʌltɪˈferiəs]
definition: adj. having or occurring in great variety: diverse 多样的/多方面的
sim: 【近】manifold, assorted, conglomerate, miscellaneous, heterogeneous, mixed, motley

正面: bumble
symbol: [ˈbʌmbl]
definition: i.　v. to act or work clumsily and awkwardly: bungle 弄砸/笨拙地做
ii.　v. to speak ineptly in a stuttering and faltering manner: blunder 结巴地说/胡言乱语
sim: 【近】botch, blow, blunder, fumble, muff, screw
zhuji: 【记】 音:蹦步,蹦着走步,表示笨拙，说话也象蹦着步伐般结巴；在bomb轰炸中踉跄地走，跌倒并且结巴说话救命；<br>【另】 stumble 结巴说话，绊走, mumble 咕哝,rumble 隆隆声，bungle 办糟

正面: fray
symbol: [freɪ]
definition: i.　v. to wear as if by rubbing: fret (使)磨损
ii.　v. to strain or irritate 使紧张/使焦虑
iii.　n. a usually disorderly or protracted fight, struggle, or dispute: brawl (混乱的)争论/打斗
sim: 【近】broil, fracas, melee, ruction, scuffle, discord, dissension, strife

正面: imperil
symbol: [ɪmˈperəl]
definition: v. to bring into danger or risk: endanger 使处于危险/危及
sim: 【近】compromise, hazard, jeopardize, menace, peril

正面: spearhead
symbol: [ˈspɪrhed]
definition: i.　v. to serve as leader or leading element of: lead 带头/做先锋/做主力
ii.　n. a leading element or force in an undertaking or development: forefront 先锋/先导

正面: raillery
symbol: [ˈreɪləri]
definition: n. good-natured ridicule: banter (善意的)玩笑/打趣
sim: 【近】backchat, badinage, jesting, persiflage, repartee

正面: tedious
symbol: [ˈtiːdiəs]
definition: adj. tiresome because of length or dullness: boring 无聊的/乏味的
sim: 【近】drab, dreary, humdrum, jejune, monotonous, pedestrian, weary
ano: 【反】absorbing, engaging, engrossing, gripping, intriguing, involving, riveting
zhuji: 【记】 音：单调；音：太调，太单调了；音：提调，提音调，这音调太单调了；

正面: somnolent
symbol: [ˈsɑːmnələnt]
definition: i.　adj. of a kind likely to induce sleep: soporific 催眠的
ii.　adj. inclined to or heavy with sleep: drowsy 嗜睡的/困倦的
sim: 【近】dozy, nodding

正面: trauma
symbol: [ˈtraʊmə]
definition: n. a disordered psychic state resulting from severe mental stress or physical injury 创伤
sim: 【近】shock, blow, derangement, disturbance

正面: commence
symbol: [kəˈmens]
definition: v. to enter upon: begin 开始/着手
sim: 【近】embark, enter, inaugurate, launch, originate

正面: pastiche
symbol: [pæˈstiːʃ]
definition: i.　n. literary, artistic, or musical work that imitates the style of previous work 模仿作品
ii.　n. a composition made up of selections from different works: potpourri, hodgepodge 混合作品
sim: 【近】miscellany, assortment, gallimaufry, hotchpotch, medley, melange, pasticcio
zhuji: 【记】 paste article 转贴在一起的文章；paste + 音：扯，又贴又扯，从其他作品中<br>COPY，PASTE；paste + stitch 贴 +缝 转贴过来又经过缝补的<br>Take one's courage in both hands. 勇往直前，敢作敢为。

正面: wane
symbol: [weɪn]
definition: v. to decrease in size, extent, or degree: abate 下降/变小/衰落
sim: 【近】dwindle, ebb, moderate, relent, slacken, subside
ano: 【反】wax
zhuji: 【记】 同源于vain 徒然的, 无益的；音：微, 微弱,微音，声音减弱，衰微；音：乌云，乌云遮挡了月亮太阳造成月亏

正面: conspire
symbol: [kənˈspaɪər]
definition: i.　v. to act in harmony toward a common end: collaborate 合作/协力
ii.　v. to join in a secret agreement to do an unlawful or wrongful act: plot 共谋/密谋
sim: 【近】collude, connive, intrigue, machinate, scheme
zhuji: 【记】 con一起 + spire 呼吸→一起呼吸→一个鼻孔出气→共同搞阴谋<br>Do it now.　　立刻行动。 <br>【另】 aspire (志气, spirit), conspire(共谋，合用一个鼻孔出气), despair 没了气，绝望，expire(出气)呼气，没气，死亡，inspire in+spire 打气，鼓舞，perspire 出汗,respire(反复气，呼吸）,suspire(深吸<br>，呼一气) 叹气, transpire（pass off vaporous material 蒸发，发生)

正面: rampant
symbol: [ˈræmpənt]
definition: i.　adj. marked by a menacing wildness or absence of restraint: excessive 猖獗的/疯狂的
ii.　adj. profusely widespread: prevailing 普遍的/广泛的
sim: 【近】popular, prevalent, regnant, rife, ruling
ano: 【反】bridled, temperate, checked, curbed, hampered
zhuji: 【记】 ram 公羊 + 音：攀，公羊攀登，用后腿站立猖獗的跳上去；来自ramp + 音：攀，狂乱地向斜坡上攀→蔓生；ramp + ant 斜坡上的一大片蚂蚁正向上爬的很猖獗

正面: generic
symbol: [dʒəˈnerɪk]
definition: i.　adj. relating to or characteristic of a whole group or class: general 一般性的/通用的
ii.　adj. having no particularly distinctive quality or application: nonspecific 模糊的/不具体的
sim: 【近】broad, inclusive, ambiguous
ano: 【反】individual, particular

正面: preachy
symbol: [ˈpriːtʃi]
definition: adj. marked by obvious moralizing: didactic 喜欢说教的
sim: 【近】lecturing, sermonizing

正面: dour
symbol: [ˈdaʊər]
definition: i.　adj. harshly uninviting or formidable in manner or appearance: stern 严厉的/冷酷的
ii.　adj. low in spirits: gloomy 阴沉的/忧郁的
sim: 【近】sullen, crabbed, glum, melancholy, morose, saturnine, surly
zhuji: 【记】 源自during；endure 忍耐，心中有气但是忍耐着，脸色不好看；音：堵 + our 我们，数学老师整天堵着我们让我们做题，很严厉

正面: meld
symbol: [meld]
definition: v. to lose its distinct outline or shape and blend gradually: merge 合并/融合
sim: 【近】amalgamate, compound, fuse, mingle

正面: tepid
symbol: [ˈtepɪd]
definition: i.　adj. moderately warm: lukewarm 微温的/温热的
ii.　adj. lacking in passion, force, or zest: halfhearted 不热情的/冷淡的
sim: 【近】indifferent; feeble, sapless, spiritless
ano: 【反】animated, forceful; fiery, impassioned, spirited
zhuji: 【记】 音：特啤，不同于冰啤，微温的最好喝，尤其冬天的时候；音：胎胚的，孕育胎胚需要微温的环境<br>【另】 lukewarm 微温的, trepid 惊恐不安的，torpid 迟钝麻痹的

正面: dexterous
symbol: [ˈdekstrəs]
definition: adj. mentally or physically adroit and skillful: deft 灵巧的/熟练的
sim: 【近】handy, nimble, agile, adept, proficient
ano: 【反】clumsy, awkward, gauche, inept, maladroit
zhuji: 【记】 dex 右手的；index 食指，索引；(食指)是最灵巧的<br>【另】 adroit 熟练的 droit也是右手的意思<br>Force can never destroy right. 暴力摧不毁正义。

正面: accountable
symbol: [əˈkaʊntəbl]
definition: adj. subject to giving an account: responsible 有责任的/应(对自己行为)做解释的
sim: 【近】amenable, answerable, liable
ano: 【反】absolute, arbitrary, autocratic, imperious

正面: vice versa
symbol: [ˌvaɪs ˈvɜːrsə]
definition: i.　n. moral depravity or corruption: wickedness 堕落/腐败
ii.　n. a habitual and usually trivial defect or shortcoming: foible 小缺点/瑕疵
adv. with the order changed: conversely 反之亦然
Never use indoor lights outside and vice versa.
sim: 【近】failing, frailty, blemish, flaw, peccadillo
ano: 【反】virtue, uprightness, rectitude, integrity

正面: implement v.
symbol: [ˈɪmplɪment]
definition: i.　v. to give practical effect to and ensure of actual fulfillment: carry out 实施/执行
ii.　n. a device used in the performance of a task: tool, utensil 工具/手段
sim: 【近】instrument, apparatus, appliance; contrivance, device; contraption, gadget
zhuji: 【记】 im + ple- 满；complete 完成(任务)，完成任务的工具<br>【另】 complete 完成

正面: jockey
symbol: [ˈdʒɑːki]
definition: v. to maneuver or manipulate by adroit or devious means: cheat 欺骗/耍手段/操控
sim: 【近】beguile, exploit, finesse

正面: rehabilitate
symbol: [ˌriːəˈbɪlɪteɪt]
definition: v. to restore to a former state as of efficiency, good management, or solvency 使恢复
sim: 【近】reclaim, recover, rejuvenate, restitute
zhuji: 【记】 re重新 + habilitate(源自ability,h可省略，去掉) 能力，权力，资格

正面: clandestine
symbol: [klænˈdestɪn]
definition: adj. marked by, held in, or conducted with secrecy: surreptitious 秘密的/隐蔽的
sim: 【近】covert, furtive, stealthy, undercover, underhanded, foxy
ano: 【反】aboveboard, forthright, straightforward, overt
zhuji: 【记】 clan可能 + destine 命中注定→可能是命中注定的→冥冥中注定的→冥冥，暗暗的；clan 音：可兰,可兰经是伊斯兰宗派的

正面: foreground
symbol: [ˈfɔːrɡraʊnd]
definition: v. to give prominence or emphasis to: highlight (放在前面以)突出/强调
sim: 【近】accent, accentuate, emphasize, punctuate, stress
ano: 【反】de-emphasize, play down

正面: portend
symbol: [pɔːrˈtend]
definition: v. to give an omen or anticipatory sign of: foreshadow 预示/预言
sim: 【近】augur, anticipate, forebode, presage, promise, adumbrate, prognosticate

正面: undercut
symbol: [ˌʌndərˈkʌt]
definition: v. to undermine or destroy the force, value, or effectiveness of: weaken 削弱/破坏

正面: slumber
symbol: [ˈslʌmbər]
definition: i.　v. to sleep especially lightly: doze 小睡/打盹
ii.　n. a torpid, slothful, or negligent state: lethargy 麻木/懒散
sim: 【近】dullness, hebetude, languor, lassitude, stupor
zhuji: 【记】 s 音：睡 + lumber 伐木，伐木太累了睡着了；slum + er 贫民窟里的人整天睡觉，无所事事；sleep number；sleep + 音：muber 木板 睡木板

正面: mercenary
symbol: [ˈmɜːrsəneri]
definition: adj. serving merely for pay or sordid advantage: venal 唯利是图的/贪婪的
sim: 【近】acquisitive, avaricious, avid, covetous, greedy, rapacious
zhuji: 【记】 merc-, merchant 商业的 + cent 一分钱，商场上为了每一分钱的<br>【另】 merchant 商业的，音：摸钱的，commerce(com + merc) 商业

正面: stern
symbol: [stɜːrn]
definition: i.　adj. having a definite hardness or severity of nature or manner: austere 严厉的/冷酷的
ii.　adj. forbidding or gloomy in appearance 令人敬畏的
iii.　adj. sturdy and determined: stout 坚定的
sim: 【近】ascetic, astringent, mortified, grim, implacable
ano: 【反】relenting, lenient, soft

正面: deploy
symbol: [dɪˈplɔɪ]
definition: v. to spread out, utilize, or arrange for a deliberate purpose: organize 布置/部署
zhuji: 【记】 ploy 策略，近于ply 使用，apply；play，play chess,soccer 时需要布阵，配置棋子，球员，使用策略<br>【另】 ploy 策略, apply 应用,employ 雇用

正面: span
symbol: [spæn]
definition: i.　n. an spread between two limits, especially an individual’s lifetime: duration 跨度/范围
ii.　v. to extend across: cover 跨越/持续

正面: suffocate
symbol: [ˈsʌfəkeɪt]
definition: i.　v. to stop the respiration of or make uncomfortable by want of fresh air (使)窒息
ii.　v. to impede or stop the development of: obstruct 阻碍/抑制
sim: 【近】choke, smother, stifle, strangle
zhuji: 【记】 suffer遭受痛苦 + focus 焦点，焦点，聚集之下痛苦，太热都熔化得人喘不过来气；stuff 堵塞 +<br>faucet 水龙头，喉咙堵塞

正面: mawkish
symbol: [ˈmɔːkɪʃ]
definition: i.　adj. having an insipid often unpleasant taste: banal 平淡无味的
ii.　adj. sickly or puerilely sentimental: maudlin 多愁善感的/过于感情用事的
sim: 【近】bathetic, mushy, weepy, slushy
zhuji: 【记】 音：麻 + kiss 令人肉麻的kiss；摸 + kiss, 抚摸的Kiss, 令人做呕；maw 胃 + kiss 银幕上令人反胃的假装多情的吻，没内容，没味道

正面: exude
symbol: [ɪɡˈzuːd]
definition: v. to display conspicuously or abundantly: ooze 散出/流露(气质/特征)
sim: 【近】percolate, seep, transude, weep, emanate, emit
zhuji: 【记】 xude是sweat的变体；ex + ude (音：油的) 出油的，油向外渗出；persuade 劝说是一点点渗透<br>，从而说服，exude 是渗出<br>【另】 transude (使)渗出，persuade 劝说

正面: utilitarian
symbol: [ˌjuːtɪlɪˈteriən]
definition: adj. related to practical purposes or thinking usefulness is the most important 实用主义的
sim: 【近】realistic, down-to-earth, pragmatic

正面: abnegate
symbol: [ˈæbnɪɡeɪt]
definition: i.　v. to restrain especially from indulging in some pleasure: deny 自我克制/(对于享乐的)节制
ii.　v. to give up or surrender: relinquish 放弃/抛弃/拒绝承认
sim: 【近】abdicate, cede, renounce, resign
zhuji: 【记】 ab + negate(反对,否认，打消)→反对，放弃不好负面的东西或自己的放纵→克制

正面: patchwork
symbol: [ˈpætʃwɜːrk]
definition: n. something composed of miscellaneous or incongruous parts: hodgepodge 混合物/拼凑的东西
sim: 【近】miscellany, hash, hotchpotch, jumble, stew

正面: recast
symbol: [ˌriːˈkæst]
definition: v. to cast or organize again: remodel, refashion 重做/彻底改变

正面: novice
symbol: [ˈnɑːvɪs]
definition: n. a beginner or inexperienced person in learning: tyro 新手/没有经验的人
sim: 【近】abecedarian, apprentice, colt, fledgling, neophyte, recruit, rookie
ano: 【反】veteran
zhuji: 【记】 源自nov- new o=e,v=w 新；no + vice 恶习，罪恶，腐败，没有坏毛病的往往是新手，时间长了恶习就学会了

正面: jejune
symbol: [dʒɪˈdʒuːn]
definition: adj. devoid of significance or interest: vapid 乏味的/无聊的
sim: 【近】insipid, banal, bland, inane, innocuous, sapless
zhuji: 【记】 音：结 + june，六月份结的果子还不成熟，秋天结的才是熟的；音: 拮据，经济上拮据，没钱买东西缺乏营养，人也长不成熟；音：这 junior，年少者，这少年不成熟，思想空洞

正面: galvanize
symbol: [ˈɡælvənaɪz]
definition: v. to stimulate or excite as if by an electric shock: provoke 刺激/震惊
sim: 【近】electrify, innervate, pique, stimulate, spur, vitalize
zhuji: 【记】 gallon(加仑，指汽油) + van 厢式汽车，加了油的汽车还得有电流刺激才能起动，电池没电的车起动不了的

正面: surmise
symbol: [sərˈmaɪz]
definition: v. to form a notion of from scanty evidence: guess (缺乏证据地)猜测/臆断
sim: 【近】assume, conjecture, presume, suppose, speculate
zhuji: 【记】 sure 肯定 + miss 过错，失败，猜测肯定会失败；sur sub + miss 想念，下面想，暗地里想→猜测<br>【另】 premise 假定，promise 允诺

正面: connotation
symbol: [ˌkɑːnəˈteɪʃn]
definition: n. something suggested by a word or thing: implication 内涵/暗示的意义
sim: 【近】association, hint, overtone, undertone

正面: demoralize
symbol: [dɪˈmɔːrəlaɪz]
definition: i.　v. to weaken the morale of: discourage 使消沉/打击
ii.　v. to corrupt the morals of: debase 使堕落/使腐败
sim: 【近】bastardize, brutalize, debauch, deprave, pervert
ano: 【反】energize, fortify, invigorate, strengthen
zhuji: 【记】 moral 道德，精神，士气<br>【另】 morale 士气

正面: incursion
symbol: [ɪnˈkɜːrʒn]
definition: i.　n. a hostile entrance into a territory: raid 入侵/袭击
ii.　n. an entering in or into 进入/到达
sim: 【近】invasion, intrusion, infiltration, inroad
zhuji: 【记】 curs- 跑<br>【另】 cursive 草书的，cursor 游标，指针，(计算机屏幕)光标,discursive 含很多主题的，excursion<br>旅行，excursive 跑题的，incursion 袭击，侵入，precursor 先驱，recursive 回归的，计算机剃归算法

正面: spate
symbol: [speɪt]
definition: i.　n. a large number or amount 大量/一大批
ii.　n. a sudden or strong outburst: rush 爆发/迸发
zhuji: 【记】 spit 吐口水，能淹死人的，成了洪水了；sprite 雪碧，雪碧有很多大量卖的，多得成河

正面: avant-garde
symbol: [ˌævɔŋ ˈɡɑːrd]
definition: adj. developing new or experimental concepts: unconventional 前卫的/非传统的
sim: 【近】pioneering, ground-breaking, novel

正面: flummery
symbol: [ˈflʌməri]
definition: n. unnecessarily involved and incomprehensible language: mumbo jumbo 胡言乱语/废话

正面: verisimilar
symbol: [ˌverəˈsɪmɪlər]
definition: adj. having the appearance of truth: probable 很有可能的/逼真的
zhuji: 【记】 very similar

正面: sterling
symbol: [ˈstɜːrlɪŋ]
definition: adj. conforming to the highest standard: first-class 优秀的/符合高标准的
sim: 【近】honorable, estimable, high-principled, noble, worthy

正面: induce
symbol: [ɪnˈduːs]
definition: i.　v. to move another to do something by persuasion or influence: sway 劝说/说服
ii.　v. to bring about or cause the formation of: generate 产生/导致
sim: 【近】breed, engender, hatch, produce
ano: 【反】check, curb, restrain

正面: purvey
symbol: [pərˈveɪ]
definition: v. to supply usually as a matter of business: sell 提供/供应
zhuji: 【记】 源自provide；survey调查，调查供给,派人来survey purvey, 因为学校里伙食太差

正面: diametric
symbol: [ˌdaɪəˈmetrɪk]
definition: adj. completely opposed or being at opposite extremes: antithetical 截然相反的/对立的
sim: 【近】antipodean, converse, counter, polar, reverse

正面: quizzical
symbol: [ˈkwɪzɪkl]
definition: i.　adj. expressive of puzzlement, curiosity, or disbelief: perplexed 困惑而质疑的
ii.　adj. comically quaint 搞笑而古怪的
iii.　adj. mildly teasing or mocking 嘲弄的
sim: 【近】incredulous, skeptical; inquisitive; probing, searching

正面: elephantine
symbol: [ˌelɪˈfæntiːn]
definition: i.　adj. having enormous size or strength: massive 巨大的
ii.　adj. unwieldy or clumsy because of weight and size: ponderous 笨重的/笨拙的
sim: 【近】awkward, graceless, maladroit
ano: 【反】graceful, nimble
zhuji: 【记】 elephant 大象 是笨拙的

正面: persona
symbol: [pərˈsoʊnə]
definition: i.　n. the personality that a person projects in public: image (公众)形象/(伪装的)外表
ii.　n. a character assumed by an author in a written work 人物角色
sim: 【近】facade, identity, guise, front

正面: conjunction
symbol: [kənˈdʒʌŋkʃn]
definition: i.　n. the state of being conjoined: combination 结合
ii.　n. occurrence together in time or space: concurrence 同时发生/巧合
sim: 【近】association, affiliation, alliance, convergence, confluence

正面: reactionary
symbol: [riˈækʃəneri]
definition: adj. marked by favoring resistance to a force or movement: ultraconservative 保守的/反动的
sim: 【近】die-hard, fogyish, orthodox, tory, traditionalistic
ano: 【反】broad-minded, liberal, progressive, unorthodox
zhuji: 【记】 re反 + act 行动，反对运动

正面: clot
symbol: [klɑːt]
definition: i.　n. cluster or group (人)群/集合
ii.　v. to cause to form into or as if into a clot 凝结/结块
sim: 【近】choke, clog, congest, jam, obstruct, occlude, stuff
zhuji: 【记】 源自cluster， 一团；(土)坷拉；cloth + 音：头，布头，布块<br>【另】 clod

正面: stratify
symbol: [ˈstrætɪfaɪ]
definition: v. to divide or arrange into classes, castes, or social strata 分层/分级/使等级分化
zhuji: 【记】 strat 层次 + ify使→使层化<br>【另】 stratum 层

正面: motley
symbol: [ˈmɑːtli]
definition: i.　n. a mixture especially of incongruous elements: hodgepodge 混合物/混杂的成分
ii.　adj. composed of diverse often incongruous elements: miscellaneous 混杂的/混搭的
sim: 【近】assorted, conglomerate, heterogeneous, multifarious, promiscuous, varied
zhuji: 【记】 mote 微粒 + ley 音：粒

正面: apt
symbol: [æpt]
definition: i.　adj. unusually fitted or qualified: proper 恰当的/合适的
ii.　adj. suited to a purpose, especially being to the point: relevant 相关的
iii.　adj. keenly intelligent and responsive: quick 灵敏的/聪明的
sim: 【近】prompt, ready, brainy, gifted, talented
ano: 【反】laggard
zhuji: 【记】 近于appropriate 适当的

正面: hodgepodge
symbol: [ˈhɑːdʒpɑːdʒ]
definition: n. a heterogeneous mixture: jumble 混合物
sim: 【近】miscellany, gallimaufry, hotchpotch, medley, melange, patchwork, potpourri
zhuji: 【记】 音:好吃饱吃，好吃泡吃, 大锅菜又好吃又能吃饱，也是泡着吃的

正面: ballyhoo
symbol: [ˈbælihuː]
definition: n. a noisy, attention-getting, and exaggerated demonstration: uproar 大肆宣传/哗众取宠
sim: 【近】commotion, hurly-burly, pandemonium, tumult, turmoil, whirl

正面: coax
symbol: [koʊks]
definition: i.　v. to influence or gently urge by caressing or flattering: wheedle 哄骗/诱骗
ii.　v. to manipulate with great perseverance and effort toward a desired state 耐心而努力地实现
sim: 【近】barter, blandish, cajole, inveigle, lure, tempt
ano: 【反】bully, coerce, compel, oblige, browbeat, intimidate
zhuji: 【记】 co 同，一起 + ax 斧子，和斧子(来硬的)一起用的是软招数，温言软语的欺骗；coke给你可乐<br>，向你献殷勤，实际是要哄你

正面: clamorous
symbol: [ˈklæmərəs]
definition: adj. given to vehement outcry or conspicuously and offensively loud: vociferous 吵闹的/喊叫的
sim: 【近】blatant, boisterous, obstreperous, strident
ano: 【反】taciturn, reticent

正面: negate
symbol: [nɪˈɡeɪt]
definition: i.　v. to deny the existence or truth of: gainsay 否认/否定
ii.　v. to cause to be ineffective or invalid: nullify 废除/使无效
sim: 【近】abolish, abate, abrogate, annihilate, annul, invalidate, quash, undo
ano: 【反】affirm

正面: fare
symbol: [fer]
definition: v. to get along or succeed: manage 表现/进展
sim: 【近】cope, get by, make out, muddle through

正面: court
symbol: [kɔːrt]
definition: i.　v. to seek to attract as by solicitous attention or offers of advantages: lure 吸引/诱惑
ii.　v. to seek to gain or achieve: woo 追求/希望得到
sim: 【近】allure, captivate, charm, tempt
zhuji: 【记】 法庭，宫庭，朝庭中需要奉承与讨好，以求得宠幸<br>【另】 courteous 有礼貌，courtesy 谦恭

正面: coagulate
symbol: [koʊˈæɡjuleɪt]
definition: i.　v. to gather together or form into a mass or group 聚集
ii.　v. to cause to become viscous or thickened into a coherent mass: clot (使)凝固
sim: 【近】curdle, congeal, concentrate, coalesce, solidify
zhuji: 【记】 co + glue胶水

正面: pitfall
symbol: [ˈpɪtfɔːl]
definition: i.　n. a pit flimsily covered or camouflaged and used to capture animals: trap, snare 陷阱
ii.　n. a hidden or not easily recognized danger or difficulty: peril (潜藏的)危险
zhuji: 【记】 pit 坑 + fall 摔倒

正面: rugged
symbol: [ˈrʌɡɪd]
definition: i.　adj. having a rough uneven surface: jagged 不平整的/粗糙的
ii.　adj. tough and strong in character: robust 健壮的/结实的
iii.　adj. severely testing ability, stamina, or resolution: arduous 考验人的/费力的
sim: 【近】knotty, laborious, operose, strenuous, rigorous
ano: 【反】fragile, frail, feeble, shaky

正面: aghast
symbol: [əˈɡæst]
definition: adj. struck by an intense reaction as surprise, disgust, or bewilderment: shocked 震惊的
sim: 【近】agape, confounded, dismayed, overwhelmed
ano: 【反】acceptant, acquiescent, tolerant

正面: veto
symbol: [ˈviːtoʊ]
definition: v. to refuse to admit or approve:prohibit禁止/否决
sim: 【近】kill, dissent, negative, forbid, reject
ano: 【反】ratify, assent
zhuji: 【记】 e与o调换就是vote 选举的反意

正面: stoop
symbol: [stuːp]
definition: v. to lower moral standards by doing something unpleasant, dishonest 降低身份(去做)
sim: 【近】deign, patronize, condescend

正面: sinister
symbol: [ˈsɪnɪstər]
definition: i.　adj. stemming from evil characteristics or forces: wicked 阴险的/邪恶的
ii.　adj. presaging ill fortune or leading to disaster: ominous 凶兆的/不吉利的
sim: 【近】baleful, direful, doomy, foreboding, menacing, minatory, portentous
ano: 【反】auspicious, propitious, promising

正面: gridlock
symbol: [ˈɡrɪdlɑːk]
definition: n. a congested situation where that no movement is possible: impasse 僵局/困境
sim: 【近】deadlock, halt, stalemate, standoff, standstill

正面: pivotal
symbol: [ˈpɪvətl]
definition: adj. vitally important: critical 重要的/中心的
sim: 【近】cardinal, overriding, overruling, momentous, principal
zhuji: 【记】 pilot是航空中的最关键的,一个pilot比飞机都贵重

正面: morbid
symbol: [ˈmɔːrbɪd]
definition: i.　adj. suggesting the horror of death and decay: ghoulish 恐怖的/可怕的
ii.　adj. of, relating to, or characteristic of disease: sick 病态的/不健康的
zhuji: 【记】 音：毛病的

正面: counterfeit
symbol: [ˈkaʊntərfɪt]
definition: adj. made in imitation of something else with intent to deceive: forged, feigned 假冒的/伪造的
sim: 【近】bogus, fake, phony, pseudo, sham, snide, spurious
ano: 【反】bona fide, genuine, valid
zhuji: 【记】 counter 反 + feit 做 fact→反做，拿来成品对着做→伪造；counter + 音：费 钱，钱是印反的<br>，翻版假钞<br>【另】 forfeit 没收丧失，surfeit 过度，沉溺于<br>Don't do to others what you would not have others do to you. 已所不欲，勿施于人。

正面: undo
symbol: [ʌnˈduː]
definition: i.　v. to make of no effect or as if not done: nullify 撤销/废除
ii.　v. to disturb the composure of: upset 扰乱/使不安
sim: 【近】demoralize, emasculate, paralyze, unnerve, unman, unstring

正面: valorize
symbol: [ˈvæləˌraɪz]
definition: v. to assign value or merit to: validate 认可/认为…有价值

正面: efflorescence
symbol: [ˌefləˈresns]
definition: n. the process of developing and unfolding as if coming into flower: blossoming 全盛/高峰

正面: sanitary
symbol: [ˈsænəteri]
definition: adj. characterized by cleanliness and healthiness: salubrious 卫生的/健康的
sim: 【近】aseptic, germfree, hygienic, sterile
zhuji: 【记】 sane 健康

正面: seep
symbol: [siːp]
definition: v. to flow or pass slowly through fine pores or small openings: ooze 渗出
sim: 【近】percolate, exude, strain, transude, weep

正面: toll
symbol: [toʊl]
definition: n. a grievous or ruinous price especially cost in life or health: expense 代价/损失

正面: meager
symbol: [ˈmiːɡər]
definition: i.　adj. having little flesh: thin 瘦弱的
ii.　adj. deficient in quality or quantity 贫乏的/不足的
sim: 【近】exiguous, scanty, scrimpy, skimpy, slight, sparse
ano: 【反】ample, appreciable, considerable, copious, plentiful
zhuji: 【记】 me我 + ager 更老，我一年比一年老了，一个瘦骨嶙峋，缺乏营养的老头说<br>【另】 age 变老，上年纪

正面: collide
symbol: [kəˈlaɪd]
definition: i.　v. to come together with solid or direct impact: bump 碰撞
ii.　v. to be or come into conflict: clash 冲突/抵触
sim: 【近】disaccord, discord, jar
ano: 【反】accord, blend, conform, harmonize

正面: herald
symbol: [ˈherəld]
definition: i.　v. to signal the approach of: foreshadow 预示/是…的信号
ii.　v. to greet especially with enthusiasm: hail 欢迎/为…欢呼
sim: 【近】tout, ballyhoo, trumpet
zhuji: 【记】 he + read 他读，他读圣旨，他读上边的命令→传令官，古时候传令官就是念圣旨的人<br>【另】 harbinger 先驱，先兆

正面: transgress
symbol: [trænzˈɡres]
definition: v. to go beyond limits set or prescribed by: violate 违反/侵犯
sim: 【近】breach, contravene, infract, infringe, offend, trespass
ano: 【反】comply, conform, obey, observe
zhuji: 【记】 trans 穿越，越过 + gress go 走；progress 进步，向前走<br>【另】 aggress 向前走→进攻，congress(走到一起)聚会,degressive(下走)下降，digress(分开走)离题<br>，ingress(向里走)入口，egress(向外走)出口，progress (前走)前进，regress (回走)退回，retrogress (回走)退步，transgress (穿过走)越界

正面: blunt
symbol: [blʌnt]
definition: i.　adj. obtuse in understanding or insensitive in feeling: dull 迟钝的
ii.　adj. abrupt in speech or manner: bluff 生硬的/唐突的
iii.　adj. being straight to the point: direct 直言不讳的/坦率的
sim: 【近】brusque, curt, gruff, rushed
ano: 【反】politic, smooth, suave, tactful
zhuji: 【记】 音：笨榔头，笨重的榔头的头是很钝的，打下去也是很直接的

正面: tailor
symbol: [ˈteɪlər]
definition: v. to make or adapt to suit a special need or purpose: dovetail 裁剪(以适应)
sim: 【近】accommodate, conform, quadrate, reconcile, square

正面: dictate
symbol: [ˈdɪkteɪt]
definition: v. to promulgate something to be followed or accepted: determine, require 命令/决定
sim: 【近】command, decree, ordain, impose, prescribe, direct, enjoin
zhuji: 【记】 dict 说，字；dictionary 字典，词典，学单词看字典就是把字，词说写出来<br>【另】 contradict 矛盾，说法相抵；edict 布告，indicate 指出,说明,indict 控告，predict 预言，verdict<br>裁断，diction 措词，

正面: mortify
symbol: [ˈmɔːrtɪfaɪ]
definition: i.　v. to subdue or deaden especially by abstinence or self-inflicted pain 禁欲/苦行
ii.　v. to subject to severe and vexing embarrassment: shame 使羞辱/使窘迫
sim: 【近】abash, humiliate, discomfit, disconcert, discountenance, faze

正面: collate
symbol: [kəˈleɪt]
definition: v. to collect, compare carefully in order to verify and to integrate: assemble 收集/整合

正面: molder
symbol: [ˈmoʊldər]
definition: v. to crumble into particles: disintegrate, decay 腐朽/崩塌
sim: 【近】decompose, putrefy, rot, spoil, perish

正面: testimony
symbol: [ˈtestɪmoʊni]
definition: n. firsthand authentication of a fact: evidence 证据/证明
sim: 【近】attestation, corroboration, substantiation, validation, voucher
zhuji: 【记】 test- 见证，证明；test考试是个能力证明与见证；test 考试，测验 + money 钱，参加考试，交点学费，就给你个资格证明与

正面: prone
symbol: [proʊn]
definition: adj. having a tendency or inclination: being likely 有…倾向的
sim: 【近】disposed, predisposed, liable, subject, susceptible

正面: witty
symbol: [ˈwɪti]
definition: adj. combining clever conception and jocular expression: facetious 风趣的/幽默的
sim: 【近】amusing, diverting; scintillating, sparkling, penetrating
ano: 【反】brash, cheeky; serious, sober, solemn

正面: forage
symbol: [ˈfɔːrɪdʒ]
definition: v. to wander in search of food: rummage 觅食/搜寻
zhuji: 【记】 for + age(年龄，变老) 为了成长而找吃的

正面: surly
symbol: [ˈsɜːrli]
definition: adj. irritably sullen and churlish in mood or manner: crabbed 粗暴的/坏脾气的/不悦的
sim: 【近】discourteous, bearish, boorish; irritable, snappish
ano: 【反】amiable, affable, cordial, genial, gracious
zhuji: 【记】 源自sir，先生，贵族，象贵族老爷一样傲慢

正面: redeem
symbol: [rɪˈdiːm]
definition: i.　v. to offset the bad effect of or to atone for: compensate 补偿/赎罪
ii.　v. to free from what distresses or harms: extricate 解救/释放
iii.　v. to restore or repair 恢复/修复
sim: 【近】emancipate, liberate, manumit
ano: 【反】bind, chain, enthrall
zhuji: 【记】 源自red re + em 买，买回，赎回；re反，回 + deem 相信，认为(理解为信用)，还钱<br>【另】 preempt 优先购买, 抢先占有，peremptory 断然的，强制的

正面: embed
symbol: [ɪmˈbed]
definition: v. to fix deeply and make something an integral part of: implant 嵌入/固定(在…之中)
sim: 【近】entrench, ingrain, lodge, root
zhuji: 【记】 em + bed 到床上，就好象陷在床上般，因为床软(席梦思)；着床，胚胎着床就是植入的<br>Having half-baked knowledge is worse than knowing nothing at all. 一知半解 ,不如不知不解。

正面: gulf
symbol: [ɡʌlf]
definition: i.　n. a deep chasm 分歧/裂痕
ii.　n. a wide gap: abyss 沟壑/深渊
sim: 【近】abysm, ravine

正面: shirk
symbol: [ʃɜːrk]
definition: v. to evade the performance of an obligation: dodge 躲避/回避
sim: 【近】elude, parry, sidestep, burke, bypass, eschew, shuffle, shun
zhuji: 【记】 shark 鲨鱼来了，大家丢下活计快逃吧；音：舍课，舍弃上课，逃课

正面: precocious
symbol: [prɪˈkoʊʃəs]
definition: adj. exhibiting mature qualities at an unusually early age: premature 早熟的
sim: 【近】ahead, rareripe
ano: 【反】retarded, backward, slow-witted, sluggish

正面: stanch
symbol: [stɔːntʃ]
definition: i.　v. to stop or check in its course: stem 阻止/减轻
ii.　adj. = staunch steadfast in loyalty or principle: faithful 坚定的/忠诚的
sim: 【近】dedicated, devoted, devout, pious

正面: rally
symbol: [ˈræli]
definition: i.　v. to join in or gather for a common cause: convene 集合/集会
ii.　v. to recover or rebound 恢复/重振
iii.　v. to harass with persistent criticism or carping (嘲讽地)骚扰/批评
sim: 【近】ridicule, deride, lout, mock, quiz, taunt

正面: well-to-do
symbol: [ˌweltəˈdu]
definition: adj. having more than adequate financial resources: prosperous 繁荣的/富裕的

正面: scanty
symbol: [ˈskænti]
definition: adj. limited or insufficient in degree, quantity, or extent: meager 稀少的/不足的
sim: 【近】exiguous, scrimpy, skimpy, sparse, scarce, wanting
ano: 【反】ample, plentiful, profuse

正面: kindred
symbol: [ˈkɪndrəd]
definition: adj. of a similar nature or character: like 相似的/同类的/同族的
sim: 【近】affiliated, agnate, akin, allied, connatural, consanguine
ano: 【反】alien
zhuji: 【记】 kind + red 血红→同样的血→同族

正面: cloying
symbol: [ˈklɔɪɪŋ]
definition: adj. disgusting or distasteful by reason of excess (过量而)倒胃口的/令人厌烦的
sim: 【近】corny, drippy, lovey-dovey, maudlin, mawkish, mushy, saccharine
zhuji: 【记】 cloy + ing

正面: breathtaking
symbol: [ˈbreθteɪkɪŋ]
definition: i.　adj. exciting, thrilling 刺激的/令人兴奋的
ii.　adj. very great: astonishing 惊人的

正面: abreast
symbol: [əˈbrest]
definition: i.　adv. beside one another with bodies in line 并列地
ii.　adj. up to a particular standard especially of knowledge: familiar 熟悉(近况)的/(知识)更新的
sim: 【近】up-to-date, au courant, au fait, acquainted, conversant, informed, versed
zhuji: 【记】 a + breast 并胸，运动员赛跑时胸是并排的

正面: buoyant
symbol: [ˈbuːjənt]
definition: i.　adj. capable of floating 漂浮的/悬浮的
ii.　adj. cheerful, gay 愉快的/轻松的
sim: 【近】blithe, eupeptic, lightsome, upbeat
ano: 【反】dour, gloomy, glum, morose, saturnine, sulky, sullen
zhuji: 【记】 boy 小男孩总是乐观向上快乐的

正面: concoct
symbol: [kənˈkɑːkt]
definition: v. to form by new combinations of ideas or principles: devise 混合而成/构想/设计
sim: 【近】contrive, formulate, frame, hatch, conceive, envision

正面: discrepant
symbol: [dɪˈskrepənt]
definition: adj. being at variance: disagreeing 有差异的/矛盾的
sim: 【近】discordant, dissonant, disparate, divergent, varying
ano: 【反】agreeing, conforming, jibing, squaring, uniform, compatible, congruent, congruous

正面: staple
symbol: [ˈsteɪpl]
definition: i.　adj. used, needed, or enjoyed constantly usually by many individuals 常用的
ii.　adj. principal, chief 主要的

正面: harbinger
symbol: [ˈhɑːrbɪndʒər]
definition: v. to presage or foreshadow 预兆/预示
sim: 【近】forerun, foreshow, herald, omen, portend, presage
zhuji: 【记】 音：号兵哥，吹冲锋号的兵哥哥总是冲在军队的最前，先驱；harbor + ing + er 港口是(一个国家经济发展的)先驱，如香港，上海等

正面: shrewd
symbol: [ʃruːd]
definition: i.　adj. marked by discerning awareness and acumen: perspicacious 精明的/机灵的
ii.　adj. given to wily and artful ways or dealing: sly 狡猾的
sim: 【近】astute, cagey, sagacious, savvy, ingenious, judicious, penetrating
ano: 【反】green, naive, simple, soft, gullible, slow
zhuji: 【记】 源自shrew 地鼠，悍妇；音：鼠的，象老鼠一样狡猾，敏捷的；音：数的，识数的，数数很精明的<br>【另】 shrew..shoe 鞋，这是骂女人的一个词，指荡妇 泼妇

正面: evaporate
symbol: [ɪˈvæpəreɪt]
definition: i.　v. to dissipate or draw off in vapor or fumes: vaporize 蒸发
ii.　v. to pass off or away: disappear 消失
sim: 【近】vanish, clear, evanesce, evanish, fade

正面: culprit
symbol: [ˈkʌlprɪt]
definition: i.　n. one accused or guilty of a crime or a fault 犯人/被告
ii.　n. the source or cause of a problem 原因/元凶
sim: 【近】crook, felon, malefactor, miscreant, offender

正面: woo
symbol: [wuː]
definition: i.　v. to sue for the affection of and usually marriage with: court 追求/想得到
ii.　v. to solicit or entreat especially with importunity 恳求/强求

正面: crumble
symbol: [ˈkrʌmbl]
definition: v. to break down completely and fall into pieces: disintegrate, collapse 崩溃/瓦解
sim: 【近】atrophy, decay, decompose, molder, putrefy, mush, squash

正面: predicament
symbol: [prɪˈdɪkəmənt]
definition: n. a difficult, perplexing, or trying situation: dilemma 困境/进退两难
sim: 【近】box, catch-22, impasse, pickle, plight, quandary

正面: prescription
symbol: [prɪˈskrɪpʃn]
definition: i.　n. ancient or long continued custom: convention 惯例/传统
ii.　n. a written direction for the preparation and use of a medicine 处方/指示
sim: 【近】heritage, tradition, rule, rubric, regulation
zhuji: 【记】 prescribe

正面: clangorous
symbol: [ˈklæŋɡərəs]
definition: adj. conspicuously and offensively loud: blatant 响亮的/刺耳的
sim: 【近】clamant, clattering, strident, sonorous, uproarious, vociferous

正面: fixate
symbol: [ˌfɪkˈseɪt]
definition: i.　v. to make fixed, stationary, or unchanging: fasten (使)固定
ii.　v. to focus or concentrate one’s gaze or attention intently or obsessively 注视/对…执着
sim: 【近】rivet, obsess, preoccupy, engage, engross

正面: rejuvenate
symbol: [rɪˈdʒuːvəneɪt]
definition: v. to restore to an original or new state: renew 使恢复/使(再次)年轻
sim: 【近】regenerate, rehabilitate, restitute, resuscitate, revitalize

正面: unravel
symbol: [ʌnˈrævl]
definition: v. to resolve the intricacy, complexity, or obscurity of: disentangle 解开/阐明
sim: 【近】decipher, dissolve, unfold, unriddle, untangle, extricate

正面: bungle
symbol: [ˈbʌŋɡl]
definition: v. to act or work clumsily and awkwardly: mishandle 笨拙地做/把…搞砸
sim: 【近】blow, boggle, bumble, botch, fumble, screw up
zhuji: 【记】 音：帮工，帮工是业余的工人，拙劣，比专业工人质量差多了；帮够了 bung + gl + le 吗？瞧你这帮忙帮的，越帮越忙，越帮越乱<br>Be honest rather clever. 诚实比聪明更要紧。

正面: run-of-the-mill
symbol: [ˈrʌnəvðəˈmɪl]
definition: adj. not outstanding in quality or rarity: average, ordinary 普通的/平凡的
sim: 【近】intermediate, mediocre, unexceptional, commonplace

正面: rhapsody
symbol: [ˈræpsədi]
definition: i.　n. effusively rapturous or extravagant discourse: bombast 狂热的言论
ii.　n. a state of overwhelming delight: ecstasy 狂喜/狂欢
sim: 【近】rapture, transport, elation, euphoria, exhilaration

正面: impetus
symbol: [ˈɪmpɪtəs]
definition: n. stimulation or encouragement resulting in increased activity: incentive 动力/激励
sim: 【近】catalyst, goad, impulse, incitation, spur, stimulant

正面: shun
symbol: [ʃʌn]
definition: v. to avoid deliberately and especially habitually: escape 躲避/逃避
sim: 【近】dodge, elude, eschew, evade, spurn, shirk
zhuji: 【记】 音：闪

正面: affiliated
symbol: [əˈfɪlieɪtɪd]
definition: adj. closely associated with another in a dependent or subordinate position 附属的/有关联的
sim: 【近】agnate, akin, allied, connatural, kindred
ano: 【反】autonomous

正面: scuffle
symbol: [ˈskʌfl]
definition: i.　v. to fight or struggle at close quarters with disorder and confusion: wrestle 扭打/乱斗
ii.　v. to walk by dragging one’s feet: shuffle 吃力(拖着脚)地走

正面: oration
symbol: [ɔːˈreɪʃn]
definition: n. an elaborate discourse delivered in a formal and dignified manner 演说/叙述
sim: 【近】address, declamation, harangue, peroration
zhuji: 【记】 orate 演说 + tion；O 象个嘴 + rate 评价，认为，用嘴来评价→演说

正面: layperson
symbol: [ˈleɪpɜːrsn]
definition: n. someone who is not a clergyman or a professional person: secular 外行

正面: sullen
symbol: [ˈsʌlən]
definition: i.　adj. showing resentment and ill humor by morose, unsociable withdrawal 不悦的/愤恨的
ii.　adj. gloomy or dismal: depressing 忧郁的/苦闷的
sim: 【近】dour, glum, morose, saturnine, surly, melancholy
ano: 【反】cheerful, cordial, festive, gay, insouciant, lighthearted
zhuji: 【记】 源自sole 单独的；silent 静默

正面: premonition
symbol: [ˌpriːməˈnɪʃn]
definition: i.　n. previous notice or warning: forewarning 预先警告
ii.　n. anticipation of an event without conscious reason: presentiment 预示/预期
sim: 【近】foreboding, presage, prognostication

正面: serendipitous
symbol: [ˌserənˈdɪpətəs]
definition: adj. finding valuable or agreeable things not sought for: fortunate 偶然发现的

正面: spike
symbol: [spaɪk]
definition: i.　n. an abrupt sharp increase usually followed by a sharp decline 突然(而短暂)的上升
ii.　n. an unusually high and sharply defined maximum 顶点/峰值

正面: compromise
symbol: [ˈkɑːmprəmaɪz]
definition: i.　v. to cause the impairment of: endanger 危害/破坏
ii.　n. settlement of differences by consent reached by mutual concessions 妥协/让步
sim: 【近】middle ground, compact, pact, bargain
zhuji: 【记】 com + promise 各方都允诺；妥协与折衷实际上各方受到损害的，因为都让步了

正面: pendulum
symbol: [ˈpendʒələm]
definition: n. something as a state of affairs that alternates between opposites: swing (钟摆一样的)犹豫

正面: untapped
symbol: [ˌʌnˈtæpt]
definition: adj. not yet drawn upon or utilized: intact 完好的/未被使用的
sim: 【近】unexploited, untouched, unspoiled, untouched, virginal

正面: gossamer
symbol: [ˈɡɑːsəmər]
definition: adj. extremely light, delicate, or insubstantial: filmy 轻飘的/纤细的/虚无的
sim: 【近】diaphanous, gauzy, sheer, tenuous, tiffany, transparent
ano: 【反】sturdy
zhuji: 【记】 源自goose + summer， 这个季节蛛丝较多；鹅毛也到处漂，轻而薄

正面: fallible
symbol: [ˈfæləbl]
definition: adj. liable or inclined to be erroneous: errant 易出错的/不可靠的
sim: 【近】careless, faulty, heedless
ano: 【反】heedful, inerrable, unerring
zhuji: 【记】 fall 倒下，犯错误；人犯错误就会fall<br>【另】 fallacy

正面: truism
symbol: [ˈtruːɪzəm]
definition: n. an undoubted or self-evident truth; one too obvious for mention: banality 众所周知的道理
sim: 【近】bromide, cliché, homily, platitude, commonplace, prosaicism

正面: invoke
symbol: [ɪnˈvoʊk]
definition: i.　v. to make an earnest request for: solicit 恳请/祈求
ii.　v. to put into effect or operation: implement 实施/执行
iii.　v. to call forth or bring about by incantation: conjure 引起/产生
sim: 【近】raise, evoke, arouse
zhuji: 【记】 与invocation同源，in内 + vocal发音→向内发音<br>【另】 vocation n.召唤, 号召, 天命, 职业，convoke (一起召呼)召集，equivoke (两个声音)双关语，含糊措词，evoke(向外召唤)唤起，invoke(内部人员的召唤)调用，恳求，provoke(公开叫阵)激怒，挑拨<br>，revoke(返回召唤)召回，撤回，废除；

正面: parley
symbol: [ˈpɑːrli]
definition: i.　v. to speak with another: confer 讨论/谈话
ii.　n. a conference for discussion of points in dispute: colloquy 谈话/商议

正面: perish
symbol: [ˈperɪʃ]
definition: v. to become destroyed or ruined: cease to exist 死亡/毁灭
sim: 【近】check out, decay, decease, demise, expire, succumb
zhuji: 【记】 peril 危险 + sh(音：死)，危险，然后死；音：抛肉尸，抛尸荒野；音：皮肉死

正面: assort
symbol: [əˈsɔːrt]
definition: i.　v. to distribute into groups of a like kind: classify 分类
ii.　v. to agree in kind: harmonize 协调/使和谐
sim: 【近】categorize, pigeonhole, methodize, systematize, stratify
ano: 【反】derange, disorder, commingle, jumble, mingle

正面: ramble
symbol: [ˈræmbl]
definition: i.　v. to move aimlessly from place to place: wander 漫步/闲逛
ii.　v. to talk or write in a desultory or long-winded wandering fashion: digress 离题/漫谈
sim: 【近】depart, divagate, diverge, excurse
zhuji: 【记】 源自roam 漫游, 闲逛, 徜徉；同amble，发音是一个步，象是散步或漫步；

正面: enterprise
symbol: [ˈentərpraɪz]
definition: i.　n. readiness to engage in daring or difficult action: initiative 进取心/事业心
ii.　n. a project or undertaking that is difficult, complicated, or risky: establishment (艰巨的)事业

正面: expatriate
symbol: [ˌeksˈpeɪtriət]
definition: v. to banish or expel from one’s own country or home: exile 流放/驱逐
sim: 【近】deport, displace, expulse, oust, relegate
ano: 【反】repatriate

正面: inflate
symbol: [ɪnˈfleɪt]
definition: v. to expand or increase especially abnormally or imprudently: swell (使)膨胀/充气
sim: 【近】amplify, dilate, distend
ano: 【反】deflate

正面: slight
symbol: [slaɪt]
definition: i.　v. to treat with disdain or indifference or to perform carelessly: neglect 怠慢/无视
ii.　adj. lacking in strength or substance: flimsy 轻微的/脆弱的
iii.　adj. deficient in weight, solidity, or importance: trivial 琐碎的/不重要的
sim: 【近】attenuate, frail, slender, tenuous, twiggy
zhuji: 【记】 s 音：细，小，瘦 + light 轻，苗条的，轻微的→又细小又轻

正面: beneficiary
symbol: [ˌbenɪˈfɪʃieri]
definition: n. one that benefits from something 受益人

正面: dire
symbol: [ˈdaɪər]
definition: i.　adj. warning of disaster: ominous 不幸的/不祥的
ii.　adj. desperately urgent: pressing 紧急的/迫切的
iii.　adj. exciting horror or depression: terrible 可怕的/恐怖的
sim: 【近】fearful, appalling, dreadful, frightful
ano: 【反】auspicious, propitious
zhuji: 【记】 dare 敢，挑战→敢做的事都是可怕的

正面: divination
symbol: [ˌdɪvɪˈneɪʃn]
definition: n. unusual insight especially by the interpretation of omens: augury 预测/预言
sim: 【近】prophecy, premonition, foresight, presentiment

正面: paltry
symbol: [ˈpɔːltri]
definition: i.　adj. contemptibly small and not worth considering: negligible 可忽略的/无价值的
ii.　adj. mean or despicable 卑鄙的
sim: 【近】trifling, petty, measly, picayune, inconsequential
zhuji: 【记】 pale + try 苍白的努力→没用，追求MM未果，再努力也白搭

正面: devastate
symbol: [ˈdevəsteɪt]
definition: i.　v. to bring to ruin or desolation by violent action: annihilate 毁灭/破坏
ii.　v. to reduce to chaos, disorder, or helplessness: overwhelm 使混乱/使无助
sim: 【近】distress, upset; confound
ano: 【反】construct, erect, rear

正面: skullduggery
symbol: [skʌlˈdʌɡəri]
definition: n. underhanded or unscrupulous behavior: devious trick 卑鄙的行为/欺骗
sim: 【近】deception, mischief

正面: oblivious
symbol: [əˈblɪviəs]
definition: i.　adj. lacking remembrance, memory, or mindful attention: forgetful 健忘的
ii.　adj. lacking active conscious knowledge or awareness: ignorant 不在意的/不知情的
sim: 【近】incognizant, uninformed, unwitting
zhuji: 【记】 读：我不理vious，我不理你了，我要把你忘了。

正面: apropos
symbol: [ˌæprəˈpoʊ]
definition: adj. being both relevant and opportune: seemly 恰当的/合适的
sim: 【近】ad rem, applicable, apposite, germane, pertinent, meet
ano: 【反】gauche, inept, malapropos
zhuji: 【记】 源自purpose 目的；可看成appropriate 或 proper；propose: 提议, 求婚；这两项都需要在适当的时候说起，并且可以在说完其他话补充提出

正面: chimera
symbol: [kaɪˈmɪrə]
definition: n. an illusion or fabrication of the mind: hallucination 幻想/妄想
sim: 【近】conceit, delusion, figment, nonentity, phantasm

正面: embark
symbol: [ɪmˈbɑːrk]
definition: v. to make a start especially to engage, enlist, or invest in an enterprise: commence 开始/着手
zhuji: 【记】 bark 三(或四)桅船，船是树皮做的

正面: pathos
symbol: [ˈpeɪθɑːs]
definition: n. an emotion of sorrow and sympathetic pity: commiseration 同情/悲伤
sim: 【近】bleakness, tragedy, suffering

正面: skirt
symbol: [skɜːrt]
definition: i.　v. to avoid especially because of difficulty or fear of controversy: sidestep 回避(困难)
ii.　v. to form or run along the border or edge of: border 临近/沿着…走
sim: 【近】bound, fringe, hem, rim, verge
ano: 【反】confront, take on
zhuji: 【记】 裙子环绕女子的身体，腰一圈

正面: vengeful
symbol: [ˈvendʒfl]
definition: adj. seeking to avenge: vindictive 怀恨在心的/寻求复仇的
sim: 【近】revengeful, antagonistic, hostile, inimical, rancorous
ano: 【反】charitable, benevolent

正面: subpar
symbol: [sʌbˈpɑːr]
definition: adj. not up to traditional standards of performance or value: sub-optimal 低于标准的/次优的

正面: stunning
symbol: [ˈstʌnɪŋ]
definition: i.　adj. causing astonishment or disbelief: startling 令人惊讶的
ii.　adj. strikingly impressive especially in beauty or excellence: spectacular 壮观的/了不起的
sim: 【近】fabulous, superb, magnificent, exquisite

正面: oriented
symbol: [ˈɔːrientɪd]
definition: adj. intellectually, emotionally, or functionally directed: concerned 以…为导向的/关注…的

正面: strait
symbol: [streɪt]
definition: i.　n. pl. a situation of perplexity or distress: bewilderment 困境/窘迫
ii.　adj. limited in space or time: narrow 狭窄的
iii.　adj. causing distress: difficult 窘迫的/困难的
sim: 【近】crisis, difficulty, predicament
zhuji: 【记】 源自strict 严格，指在空间或时间上很紧，有限，狭小→狭，strict straight<br>【另】 isthmus 地峡，strained 紧张的

正面: flip
symbol: [flɪp]
definition: i.　v. to toss so as to cause to turn over (投掷以)翻转
ii.　adj. lacking proper respect or seriousness: flippant 无礼的/轻率的
sim: 【近】facetious, impertinent, dismissive, frivolous
ano: 【反】earnest, sincere

正面: maverick
symbol: [ˈmævərɪk]
definition: n. an independent person who does not go along with a group: nonconformist 特立独行的人
sim: 【近】bohemian, deviant, heretic, iconoclast, individualist
zhuji: 【记】 音：马无肉刻，马的身上(肉上)没有刻上记号；原指未打烙印的无主牲口(马)

正面: bemuse
symbol: [bɪˈmjuːz]
definition: i.　v. to make confused: puzzle 使困惑
ii.　v. to occupy the attention of: distract 吸引/使专注
sim: 【近】absorb, engross, captivate, enthrall, rivet
ano: 【反】enlighten, illuminate

正面: ignominy
symbol: [ˈɪɡnəmɪni]
definition: n. deep personal humiliation and disgrace: dishonor 耻辱/不体面
sim: 【近】discredit, infamy, obloquy, odium, opprobrium, mortification
zhuji: 【记】 ig 否定 + nomi 名 (name 名字) 不好的名声

正面: trade-off
symbol: [ˈtredˌɔf]
definition: n. a giving up of one thing in return for another as a compromise: exchange 权衡/取舍/交换

正面: sectarian
symbol: [sekˈteriən]
definition: adj. limited in character or scope: parochial 狭隘的/局限的
sim: 【近】insular, provincial, hide-bound

正面: plague
symbol: [pleɪɡ]
definition: i.　v. to disturb, annoy or distress persistently: worry 折磨/使苦恼
ii.　n. a disastrous evil or affliction: calamity 灾难/痛苦
sim: 【近】catastrophe, mishap, tragedy

正面: crystalize
symbol: [ˈkrɪstəlaɪz]
definition: v. to cause to take a definite and unambiguous form: solidify 使具体化/使成形
sim: 【近】elucidate, illuminate, enlighten, shed light on

正面: irenic
symbol: [aɪˈriːnɪk]
definition: adj. favoring peace, moderation, or conciliation: pacific 主张和平的/促成和解的
sim: 【近】nonviolent, pacifist, conciliatory, dovish
ano: 【反】acrimonious

正面: stipulate
symbol: [ˈstɪpjuleɪt]
definition: v. to specify as a condition or requirement in a contract: particularize 规定/保证
sim: 【近】detail, designate, demand
zhuji: 【记】 stipple点画，用笔来规定条件；specify particulate；stimulate 刺激你一下，签个合同，完不成你就走人<br>【另】 speculate 思索，投机买卖

正面: figurative
symbol: [ˈfɪɡərətɪv]
definition: adj. representing by a symbol or resemblance: emblematic 比喻的/象征性的
sim: 【近】metaphorical, symbolic, allegorical, rhetorical
ano: 【反】literal
zhuji: 【记】 figure 图形，象征)→用图形来比喻

正面: rampart
symbol: [ˈræmpɑːrt]
definition: n. an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes: bulwark 壁垒/防御
sim: 【近】bastion, breastwork, parapet

正面: semblance
symbol: [ˈsembləns]
definition: i.　n. outward and often deliberately specious appearance or show: veil 假象/伪装
ii.　n. actual or apparent resemblance: likeness 相似性
sim: 【近】affinity, analogy, comparison, simile

正面: chauvinism
symbol: [ˈʃoʊvɪnɪzəm]
definition: i.　n. excessive or blind patriotism: jingoism 盲目的爱国主义
ii.　n. undue partiality or attachment to a group or place to which one belongs: bigotry 偏见/固执

正面: tinker
symbol: [ˈtɪŋkər]
definition: v. to repair or adjust something in an unskilled manner: fiddle (拙劣地)修补/调整
zhuji: 【记】 tin 锡,罐头 + ker 音:壳,磕,用罐头盒的壳,磕打→补锅工

正面: quintessence
symbol: [kwɪnˈtesns]
definition: i.　n. the essence of a thing in its purest and most concentrated form: pith 本质/核心
ii.　n. the most typical example or representative: epitome 象征/典范
sim: 【近】acme, embodiment, apotheosis

正面: insulate
symbol: [ˈɪnsəleɪt]
definition: v. to place in a detached situation: isolate 孤立/隔离
sim: 【近】enisle, segregate, sequester
zhuji: 【记】 同isolate，与island, insular 同源，来自岛屿<br>【另】 isolate 使隔离, 使孤立, 使绝缘

正面: deify
symbol: [ˈdeɪɪfaɪ]
definition: v. to glorify or worship as of supreme worth: idolize 崇拜/把…供奉为神
sim: 【近】adulate, canonize, sanctify, consecrate
zhuji: 【记】 d→th，发音想象→the- 神；ei=i, f=v 就是divine

正面: flit
symbol: [flɪt]
definition: v. to pass quickly or abruptly from one place to another: dart 掠过/飞逝
sim: 【近】flick, flutter, skim
zhuji: 【记】 近于fleet, flight

正面: adumbrate
symbol: [ˈædəmbreɪt]
definition: i.　v. to foreshadow vaguely: intimate 暗指/暗示
ii.　v. to suggest, disclose, or outline partially: sketch 部分揭示/勾画…的轮廓
sim: 【近】chalk, draft, outline, skeleton
zhuji: 【记】 ad + umbr 影子→看到影子就知道要发生；umbrella 伞，伞的阴影下<br>【另】 umbrage 树荫, 不快

正面: pressing
symbol: [ˈpresɪŋ]
definition: adj. demanding or claiming especially immediate attention: urgently important 紧急而重要的
sim: 【近】burning, clamorous, exigent, imperative, importunate

正面: profess
symbol: [prəˈfes]
definition: v. to declare or admit openly or freely: affirm 表明/声称
sim: 【近】assert, aver, avouch, avow, depose

正面: baroque
symbol: [bəˈroʊk]
definition: adj. characterized by grotesqueness, extravagance, complexity, or flamboyance 华丽的/浮夸的
sim: 【近】ornate, florid, lavish, luscious, rococo, scrolled, overweening
ano: 【反】austere; temperate
zhuji: 【记】 译音：巴洛克，巴罗克艺术

正面: hindsight
symbol: [ˈhaɪndsaɪt]
definition: n. perception of the nature of an event after it has happened: retrospection 后见之明/回想
ano: 【反】foresight

正面: cagey
symbol: [ˈkeɪdʒi]
definition: i.　adj. hesitant about committing oneself: cautious 不愿意(投入)的/谨慎的
ii.　adj. wary of being trapped or deceived: shrewd 机警的/有戒心的
sim: 【近】beguiling, artful, crafty, cunning, devious, foxy, scheming, sly, wily
ano: 【反】artless, ingenuous, innocent, undesigning

正面: besmirch
symbol: [bɪˈsmɜːrtʃ]
definition: v. to charge with malicious intent or attack the good reputation of: taint 诽谤/败坏
sim: 【近】befoul, besmear, defile, discolor, smear, stain, tarnish
zhuji: 【记】 be smirch

正面: outstrip
symbol: [ˌaʊtˈstrɪp]
definition: v. to exceed or get ahead of: eclipse 超过/胜出
sim: 【近】outdistance, outrun, surpass, excel, outshine, transcend

正面: triumvirate
symbol: [traɪˈʌmvərət]
definition: n. a group or association of three: trio 三者的团体/三人执政
sim: 【近】triad, trifecta, trinity, triplet

正面: reassure
symbol: [ˌriːəˈʃʊr]
definition: v. to restore to confidence: bolster 安抚/使安心
sim: 【近】console, comfort, solace, soothe
ano: 【反】distress, torment, torture
zhuji: 【记】 再保证，保证了又保证，让其安心

正面: flinch
symbol: [flɪntʃ]
definition: v. to withdraw or shrink from or as if from pain: wince 畏缩/退却
sim: 【近】recoil, blench, cringe, quail; eschew, evade, shun
zhuji: 【记】 fly + inch 只飞了一英寸，鸟刚飞就退回来了，因为翅膀肌肉痛畏缩回来；f + lynch, fear + lynch<br>私刑处死；害怕被私刑处死→畏缩<br>【另】 lynch (音：凌迟，凌迟处死)私刑处死；blench 畏缩，回避，wince 退缩

正面: animadversion
symbol: [ˌænɪməd'vɜːrʃən]
definition: n. a critical and usually censorious remark: reprehension 批评/苛责
sim: 【近】aspersion, obloquy, slur, stricture, censure, imputation
ano: 【反】acclaim, commendation, extolling, laudation, approbation

正面: meretricious
symbol: [ˌmerəˈtrɪʃəs]
definition: adj. tawdrily and falsely attractive: gaudy 俗气的/浮华的
sim: 【近】extravagant, flashy, garish, tawdry, tinsel
zhuji: 【记】 mere 只不过 + tricks 花样，戏法，诡计，只不过是把戏罢了→华而不实

正面: contumacious
symbol: [ˌkɑːntuˈmeɪʃəs]
definition: adj. stubbornly disobedient: rebellious 倔强的/叛逆的
sim: 【近】balky, defiant, obstreperous, recalcitrant, refractory, restive, unruly, wayward
ano: 【反】amenable, biddable, compliant, conformable, docile, submissive, tractable

正面: backhanded
symbol: [ˌbækˈhændɪd]
definition: adj. indirect and devious especially to the point of being sarcastic: roundabout 间接(表示讽刺)的
sim: 【近】oblique, sneaky, snide, insincere
zhuji: 【记】 back hand

正面: indebted
symbol: [ɪnˈdetɪd]
definition: adj. owing gratitude or recognition to another: beholden 感激的/受恩惠的
sim: 【近】appreciative, obliged, grateful

正面: immolate
symbol: [ˈɪməleɪt]
definition: i.　v. to kill or destroy often by fire: slaughter 杀死/摧毁
ii.　v. to offer in sacrifice: victimize 牺牲/被用于祭祀

正面: latitude
symbol: [ˈlætɪtuːd]
definition: n. freedom of action or choice: license 自由
sim: 【近】autonomy, leeway, scope, liberty
zhuji: 【记】 lati- 边的 + itude 状态，由边到边→宽；altitude 是海拔高度，latitude是地球纬度，attitude是人的态度<br>【另】 altitude (海拔)高度, 高处,(等级,地位等)高等，latitude 纬度, 范围, 行动或言论的自由(范围)，attitude 姿势, 态度, 看法, 意见

正面: tirade
symbol: [ˈtaɪreɪd]
definition: n. a protracted speech marked by harshly censorious language: diatribe 抨击(性的演说)
sim: 【近】harangue, rodomontade, invective, revilement, vituperation, censure, denunciation
zhuji: 【记】 tired 疲劳 + ad 广告，令人疲劳的广告充满了对竞争产品的攻击；tired + trade 令人疲劳的生意场常是长篇的互相攻击性的言论，

正面: brute
symbol: [bruːt]
definition: adj. characteristic of an animal in quality as cruel: savage 残忍的/野蛮的
sim: 【近】atrocious, barbarous, brutal, fiendish, sadistic, truculent, vicious, wanton

正面: pusillanimous
symbol: [ˌpjuːsɪˈlænɪməs]
definition: adj. lacking courage and resolution: timid 胆小的/懦弱的
sim: 【近】craven, poltroon, coward, spineless, trepid
ano: 【反】dauntless, doughty, gallant, stalwart, stouthearted, valiant, valorous
zhuji: 【记】 音：怕死 animal 怕死动物了→胆小；puss 猫, 小姑娘 + ill有病 + animal动物，有病的小猫咪很胆小

正面: permeate
symbol: [ˈpɜːrmieɪt]
definition: v. to diffuse through or penetrate something: spread 渗透/弥漫
sim: 【近】pervade, impregnate, interfuse, percolate, saturate, transfuse

正面: lachrymose
symbol: [ˈlækrɪmoʊs]
definition: adj. given to or causing tears or weeping: tearful, weepy 爱哭的/难过的
zhuji: 【记】 来自法语lacrymal，la + cry哭，la 是定冠词，相当于the + cry

正面: credential
symbol: [krəˈdenʃl]
definition: n. pl. something presented as proof that one is what they claim to be: certification 凭证
sim: 【近】voucher, accreditation, endorsement, sanction

正面: harrow
symbol: [ˈhæroʊ]
definition: v. to cause severe and persistent distress or pain to: torment 使苦恼/折磨
sim: 【近】afflict, agonize, crucify, excruciate; pester, badger, bait, bedevil, hector
zhuji: 【记】 音：害肉，害的你的心头肉，耙子一样抓你的心；harass 烦恼；hare + row 一排野兔，地里野兔太多，该耙地了；

正面: hamstring
symbol: [ˈhæmstrɪŋ]
definition: v. to make ineffective or powerless: cripple 使无效/阻碍/削弱

正面: devious
symbol: [ˈdiːviəs]
definition: i.　adj. deviating from a right, accepted, or common course: unacceptable 错误的/误入歧途的
ii.　adj. not straightforward: cunning 不直率的/欺诈的
sim: 【近】beguiling, cagey, crafty, dodgy, foxy, scheming, sly, wily
ano: 【反】artless, ingenuous, undesigning

正面: wrath
symbol: [ræθ]
definition: n. strong and vengeful anger: indignation 暴怒/愤恨
sim: 【近】fury, ire, rage

正面: contemplate
symbol: [ˈkɑːntəmpleɪt]
definition: i.　v. to view or consider with continued attention: meditate on 思考/沉思
ii.　v. to view as contingent or probable or as an end or intention: anticipate 预计/估计
sim: 【近】envision, envisage, plan
zhuji: 【记】 con 一起 temple 庙里→一起在庙里和尚般打坐→冥想，沉思

正面: euphemism
symbol: [ˈjuːfəmɪzəm]
definition: n. the substitution of an inoffensive expression for one that may offend (避免冒犯的)委婉说法
sim: 【近】nice-nellyism
ano: 【反】dysphemism
zhuji: 【记】 eu 优 + phem 说，phrase 句，语<br>【另】 blaspheme 亵渎，咒骂，dysphemism 粗话，euphemism 委婉的说法

正面: omnipotent
symbol: [ɑːmˈnɪpətənt]
definition: adj. having virtually unlimited authority or influence: almighty 万能的
sim: 【近】invincible, supreme

正面: commission
symbol: [kəˈmɪʃn]
definition: i.　v. to appoint or assign to a task or function: authorize 任命/指派
ii.　v. to order to be made 委托制作
iii.　n. a fee paid to an agent performing a service 佣金
sim: 【近】designate, deputize, nominate, charge, delegate

正面: afresh
symbol: [əˈfreʃ]
definition: adv. from a fresh beginning: again 重新/再次
sim: 【近】anew, de novo

正面: overweening
symbol: [ˌoʊvərˈwiːnɪŋ]
definition: i.　adj. presumptuously arrogant: self-assertive 自负的/傲慢的
ii.　adj. unrestrained with regard to feelings: immoderate 过分的/不合适的
sim: 【近】brash, conceited, haughty, presuming, uppity
ano: 【反】modest, unassuming, humble

正面: repository
symbol: [rɪˈpɑːzətɔːri]
definition: n. a place or container where something is deposited or stored: depository 库存/储藏

正面: adjuration
symbol: [ˌædʒʊˈreɪʃən]
definition: i.　n. a solemn oath: pledge 誓言
ii.　n. an earnest urging or advising: appeal 恳请/祈求
sim: 【近】plea, conjuration, entreaty, petition, solicitation, supplication

正面: duress
symbol: [duˈres]
definition: n. forcible or unlawful restraint or restriction: compulsion 强迫/威胁
sim: 【近】pressure, coercion, constraint, threat

正面: reprimand
symbol: [ˈreprɪmænd]
definition: n. a severe or formal reproof: censure 批评/训斥
sim: 【近】commination, denunciation, excoriation, objurgation, rebuke, reproach, stricture

正面: rationalize
symbol: [ˈræʃnəlaɪz]
definition: v. to create an excuse or more attractive explanation for: justify 为…找借口/使(听起来)合理
sim: 【近】vindicate, explain, account for

正面: undue
symbol: [ˌʌnˈduː]
definition: adj. exceeding or violating propriety or fitness: excessive 过度的/过分的
sim: 【近】improper, inapt, inept, unseasonable, exorbitant, inordinate

正面: flighty
symbol: [ˈflaɪti]
definition: adj. lacking stability or steadiness in temper: volatile (脾气/性情)多变的
sim: 【近】fickle, capricious, erratic, mercurial

正面: deflate
symbol: [dɪˈfleɪt]
definition: v. to reduce in size, importance, or effectiveness: shrink 减小/降低
sim: 【近】devalue, collapse, depress

正面: incorrigible
symbol: [ɪnˈkɔːrɪdʒəbl]
definition: adj. incapable of being corrected or amended: inveterate 难以改变的/习惯性的
sim: 【近】unruly, unalterable, irredeemable, irretrievable
zhuji: 【记】 in 不 + corrigible 可改正的，顺从的；源自correct

正面: craft
symbol: [kræft]
definition: i.　v. make or produce with care, skill, or ingenuity: manufacture 精心制作
ii.　n. skill in planning, making, or executing: dexterity 技巧/手艺
iii.　n. skill in deceiving to gain an end: cunning 手腕/手段/计谋
sim: 【近】artfulness, artifice, cageyness, canniness, slyness, wiliness
ano: 【反】forthrightness, ingenuousness, sincerity

正面: mire
symbol: [ˈmaɪər]
definition: i.　n. a troublesome or intractable situation: swamp (泥潭一样的)困境
ii.　v. to hamper or hold back as if by mire: entangle (使)陷入困境/(使)纠缠
sim: 【近】delay, detain, retard, slacken, enmesh, ensnare, entrap
zhuji: 【记】 nightmare 梦魇, 恶梦，是night作梦陷入困境

正面: maudlin
symbol: [ˈmɔːdlɪn]
definition: adj. weakly, effusively, or silly sentimental: mawkish 脆弱的/过于伤感的
zhuji: 【记】 mandolin 曼德林，一种类似小提琴的乐器，听起来象二胡，令人感伤；音：model 林，模特林，台湾有个名模叫林志玲，感情脆弱爱哭；maul 伤害，感情是易受伤害的

正面: listless
symbol: [ˈlɪstləs]
definition: adj. characterized by lack of interest, energy, or spirit: languid 倦怠的/没精神的
sim: 【近】enervated, lackadaisical, limp, indolent, inertial
ano: 【反】agog, avid, ambitious, enterprising

正面: hone
symbol: [hoʊn]
definition: v. to make more acute, intense, or effective: whet 磨练/提高
sim: 【近】enhance, polish, refine, improve
zhuji: 【记】 音：嚯，发音象嚯嚯磨刀的声音；horn 尖角是hone出来的<br>【另】 horn 发音是号

正面: slant
symbol: [slænt]
definition: i.　v. to turn or incline from a right line or a level: slope 倾斜/偏向
ii.　v. to maliciously or dishonestly distort: falsify 扭曲/歪曲
sim: 【近】angle, bias, skew, color, warp
ano: 【反】objectify
zhuji: 【记】 能够slide的，就是斜坡；s=c, an=in, cline, incline；音：斜 + line 斜线；音：丝栏梯，铁丝栏着的梯子，斜的，所以需要拦着

正面: inadvertent
symbol: [ˌɪnədˈvɜːrtənt]
definition: i.　adj. not focusing the mind on a matter: inattentive 不专注的/漫不经心的
ii.　adj. unintentional or unpremeditated 非故意的
sim: 【近】feckless, heedless, unreflective
zhuji: 【记】 in 不 + advertent 注意<br>【另】 advertize 做广告

正面: sloth
symbol: [sloʊθ]
definition: n. sluggishness and apathy in the practice of virtue: listlessness 懒惰
sim: 【近】indolence, slouch, languor, lassitude, lethargy, torpor
ano: 【反】assiduity, diligence, sedulity, industry
zhuji: 【记】 源自slow，slow + 音：事，slow地做事，做什么事情都slow

正面: leaven
symbol: [ˈlevn]
definition: v. to mingle with some alleviating, or vivifying element: lighten 发酵/潜移默化地影响
sim: 【近】moderate, qualify, temper; enliven, quicken, vivify
zhuji: 【记】 leaf, f=ve，叶子腐烂后可以发酵

正面: malfeasance
symbol: [mælˈfizns]
definition: n. wrongdoing or misconduct especially by a public official 违法行为/渎职

正面: vicarious
symbol: [vaɪˈkeriəs]
definition: i.　adj. performed by one person as a substitute for another: substitutionary 代理的
ii.　adj. experienced through imaginative participation in the experience of another 通过想象的
zhuji: 【记】 vice 副，代理，代替 + care 管理→副职，代理管理的<br>【另】 vice-president 副校长，vice 罪恶，钳住，代替 (罪人总会被钳住和代替的)

正面: lascivious
symbol: [ləˈsɪviəs]
definition: adj. sexually unchaste or licentious: lustful 好色的/淫荡的
sim: 【近】incontinent, lewd, libertine, libidinous, horny

正面: vernacular
symbol: [vərˈnækjələr]
definition: adj. being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language: colloquial 口语的/非正式的
zhuji: 【记】 音：我那旮旯，俺们那旮瘩，全是东北银，这句话是方言；音：我爱国了，只用本国语，不用外语

正面: exegesis
symbol: [ˌeksɪˈdʒiːsɪs]
definition: n. an explanation or critical interpretation of a text: exposition 解释/注释
sim: 【近】clarification, construction, elucidation, explication

正面: beatific
symbol: [ˌbiːəˈtɪfɪk]
definition: adj. having a blissful appearance: radiant 幸福的/快乐的
sim: 【近】felicitous, ecstatic, heavenly
ano: 【反】calamitous, misery, wretched

正面: chagrin
symbol: [ʃəˈɡrɪn]
definition: i.　n. disquietude or distress caused by humiliation, disappointment: vexation 懊恼/气愤
ii.　v. to vex or unsettle by disappointing or humiliating: irritate 激怒/使懊恼
zhuji: 【记】 音：差 + GRE GRE考的差→懊恼；音：差 + grin 苦笑→考的很差，苦笑→失败，失望被侮辱后自嘲的笑

正面: excruciating
symbol: [ɪkˈskruːʃieɪtɪŋ]
definition: i.　adj. causing great pain or anguish: agonizing 痛苦的/折磨人的
ii.　adj. very intense: extreme 剧烈的/极度的
sim: 【近】harrowing, racking, tormenting, torturous, wrenching

正面: parry
symbol: [ˈpæri]
definition: v. to ward off or turn aside especially in an adroit manner: evade 回避/挡开
sim: 【近】dodge, deflect, shirk, sidestep
zhuji: 【记】 音：拍你，有人拿砖头拍你→你就→挡开，架开，避开

正面: connive
symbol: [kəˈnaɪv]
definition: i.　v. to cooperate secretly or have a secret understanding: conspire 共谋/串通
ii.　v. to pretend ignorance of something one ought to oppose: wink 默许/纵容
sim: 【近】intrigue, plot, cogitate, collude, intrigue, machinate, scheme
zhuji: 【记】 con + knives 一起动刀→共谋坏事

正面: destitute
symbol: [ˈdestɪtuːt]
definition: adj. lacking resources, especially suffering extreme poverty: impoverished 贫穷的
sim: 【近】impecunious, indigent, necessitous, needy, penurious
ano: 【反】opulent, prosperous, well-off, well-to-do

正面: defunct
symbol: [dɪˈfʌŋkt]
definition: adj. no longer living, existing, or functioning: dead 死去的/不存在的
sim: 【近】bygone, extinct, departed, expired, inanimate

正面: quail
symbol: [kweɪl]
definition: v. to recoil in dread or terror: cower 胆怯/畏缩
sim: 【近】blench, cringe, flinch, shrink, wince
zhuji: 【记】 音近cower 或recoil，意思相同；音：哭哎哟，吓得哭，哭声还是颤抖的；音：quit 哦，辞职了<br>，不干了，因为害怕退缩<br>【另】 wail (音：哇呀)哀号

正面: diaphanous
symbol: [daɪˈæfənəs]
definition: i.　adj. characterized by extreme delicacy of form: ethereal 轻薄的/精致的
ii.　adj. insubstantial, vague 模糊的/不确定的
sim: 【近】flimsy, gossamer, transparent
zhuji: 【记】 dia 通过 + fan 扇子， 一种扇子可以通过这边看到另一边，什么扇子，中国传统的刺绣扇子<br>，面料精致，半透明<br>【另】 phantom 幻影

正面: finagle
symbol: [fɪˈneɪɡl]
definition: v. to use devious or dishonest methods to obtain or to achieve one’s ends: wangle 哄骗/诈取

正面: stygian
symbol: [ˈstɪdʒiən]
definition: adj. extremely dark, gloomy, or forbidding 阴暗的/阴郁的
sim: 【近】caliginous, dusky, murky, obscure, pitchy
ano: 【反】illuminated, lucent, lucid, luminous
zhuji: 【记】 音：死地间，死亡于地狱间，电影无间道的间，无间地狱，最万恶之地，罪孽深重的人被打落此地，无间断地受苦，永不轮回；sty 猪圈 + 音：间，猪圈一样的无间地狱；

正面: guffaw
symbol: [ɡəˈfɔː]
definition: n. a loud or boisterous burst of laughter 大笑

正面: splenetic
symbol: [spləˈnetɪk]
definition: adj. marked by bad temper, malevolence, or spite: peevish 易怒的/暴躁的
sim: 【近】acid, bearish, cantankerous, disagreeable, surly, spiteful
ano: 【反】amiable, good-humored

正面: despot
symbol: [ˈdespɑːt]
definition: n. a person with absolute power and authority: tyrant 暴君/独裁者
sim: 【近】autocrat, authoritarian, dictator, oppressor

正面: umbrage
symbol: [ˈʌmbrɪdʒ]
definition: i.　n. a feeling of pique or resentment at some often fancied slight or insult 愤恨/不悦
ii.　n. an indistinct indication: vague suggestion: hint 迹象/暗示
zhuji: 【记】 umbra- 阴影；umbrella 伞，打开伞，下面就会有阴影

正面: wanton
symbol: [ˈwɑːntən]
definition: i.　adj. merciless, inhumane 不人道的/凶残的
ii.　adj. having no just foundation or provocation: gratuitous 无缘无故的/不合理的
iii.　adj. unduly lavish: extravagant (语言)夸张的/浮华的
sim: 【近】supererogatory, unasked, uncalled-for

正面: subterfuge
symbol: [ˈsʌbtərfjuːdʒ]
definition: n. deception by artifice or stratagem in order to conceal, escape, or evade: maneuver 诡计/托辞
sim: 【近】chicanery, dupery, fraud, trickery
zhuji: 【记】 subter 下面 + fuge 逃跑<br>【另】 fugitive 逃亡的,亡命者

正面: demure
symbol: [dɪˈmjʊr]
definition: i.　adj. quiet and well-behaved: meek 温顺的/谦逊的
ii.　adj. affectedly modest or shy especially in a playful or provocative way: coy (故作)害羞的

正面: dispatch
symbol: [dɪˈspætʃ]
definition: i.　n. promptness and efficiency in performance or transmission: haste 迅速/敏捷
ii.　v. to kill of defeat with quick efficiency 迅速打败/立刻消灭
iii.　v. to send off or away with promptness or speed 迅速派遣
sim: 【近】celerity, fleetness, swiftness, velocity
zhuji: 【记】 patch 音：派遣；patch 补丁，修补；(微软给Windows系统)打补丁总是迅速发送，(严重漏洞总是)加急办理，以杀死漏洞及可能的病毒

正面: diurnal
symbol: [daɪˈɜːrnl]
definition: adj. active chiefly in the daytime 白天(活动)的
ano: 【反】nocturnal
zhuji: 【记】 近于journal 日志；u=a diary；di 二 + urn 瓮, 坛，壶→两壶(茶，咖啡，水）是每天必不可少的；di二 + urinate 小便，两次小便，这是白天<br>【另】 nocturnal 夜的，no + urinate 不小便，晚上是不小便的。

正面: macabre
symbol: [məˈkɑːbrə]
definition: adj. tending to produce horror in a beholder: ghastly 可怕的/恐怖的
sim: 【近】appalling, atrocious, dreadful, frightful, gruesome, horrid, lurid, monstrous
zhuji: 【记】 音：妈可怕,妈可怖，我的妈呀，好可怕，可怖；remarkable 非常的

正面: bristle
symbol: [ˈbrɪsl]
definition: i.　v. to show strong anger in response to a slight or criticism (因被批评而)愤怒
ii.　v. to be full of something specified: abound 充满/密布
zhuji: 【记】 beast 的brush 头；brutal 野蛮般长有毛；breast 头→胸膛象头一样，长着许多毛发，胸毛外国男人很多都有胸毛

正面: vie
symbol: [vaɪ]
definition: v. to strive for superiority: compete 竞争/争夺
sim: 【近】battle, contend, rival, contest

正面: prognosticate
symbol: [prɑːɡˌnɑːstɪˈkeɪt]
definition: v. to foretell from signs or symptoms: predict 预测/预言
sim: 【近】augur, forecast, presage, prophesy

正面: expiate
symbol: [ˈekspieɪt]
definition: v. to make amends for and extinguish the guilt incurred by: atone 弥补/赎罪
sim: 【近】compensate, rectify, redeem, redress, remedy
zhuji: 【记】 源自pity 遗憾，抱歉，后悔，pious 虔诚的，尽责的；ex + pity 出于后悔，遗憾，抱歉来赔偿；ex + piate 音：赔呀，赔偿，补偿<br>【另】 pity 遗憾，抱歉，后悔，怜悯,同情，piety 虔诚，pious 虔诚的，尽责的， impious 不尊敬的,无信仰的, 不虔诚的

正面: anemic
symbol: [əˈniːmɪk]
definition: adj. lacking force, vitality, or spirit: feeble 无力的/苍白的
sim: 【近】pale, pallid, waterish, weak

正面: begrudge
symbol: [bɪˈɡrʌdʒ]
definition: i.　v. to look upon with disapproval and envy: resent 嫉妒(而不爽)
ii.　v. to give or concede reluctantly or with displeasure 不情愿地给予/承认

正面: gauche
symbol: [ɡoʊʃ]
definition: adj. lacking social experience or grace: not tactful: crude 笨拙的/不善交际的
sim: 【近】awkward, bumbling, clumsy, inept, maladroit, uncouth
ano: 【反】adroit, bland, polished, suave, urbane
zhuji: 【记】 音： 搞丑，搞臭，出丑，表示笨，不会社交；会社交的是grace

正面: flummox
symbol: [ˈflʌməks]
definition: v. to confuse 使困惑/使迷茫
sim: 【近】baffle, befuddle, bewilder, confound, discombobulate, muddle, perplex

正面: pyrrhic
symbol: [ˈpɪrɪk]
definition: adj. achieved at excessive cost: overly costly 代价惨重的

正面: pejorative
symbol: [pɪˈdʒɔːrətɪv]
definition: adj. tending to disparage or belittle: depreciatory 轻蔑的/贬低的
sim: 【近】derogatory, detracting, slighting, uncomplimentary
ano: 【反】acclaiming, extolling, lauding, aggrandizing, exalting
zhuji: 【记】 pe 音：呸 + joy 高兴，呸，高兴啥？带有轻蔑及贬低地说

正面: coterie
symbol: [ˈkoʊtəri]
definition: n. an intimate and often exclusive group with a unifying common purpose: clique 小团体/派系

正面: dulcet
symbol: [ˈdʌlsɪt]
definition: adj. generally pleasing or agreeable: melodious 悦耳的/美妙的
sim: 【近】euphonic, euphonious, melodic, tuneful
ano: 【反】grating, grinding, rasping, scraping, scratching
zhuji: 【记】 duck + let 小鸭子，叫声好听，也好吃，又可爱；音：多谢，邀请我吃好吃的饭，听悦耳的音乐，令人高兴；dull是呆子，迟钝，阴暗，单调；dulcet 就是反义，好象dull可以形容呆子男人<br>，dulcet形容美丽女人

正面: phantasmagoria
symbol: [ˌfæntæzməˈɡɔːriə]
definition: n. a shifting combination or succession of things seen or imagined: mirage 幻象/幻觉
sim: 【近】delusion, hallucination, fantasy

正面: doughty
symbol: [ˈdaʊti]
definition: adj. marked by fearless resolution: valiant 勇敢的/坚定的
sim: 【近】bold, dauntless, gallant, gutsy, plucky
ano: 【反】coward, craven, gutless, pusillanimous, spineless, timorous

正面: panegyric
symbol: [ˌpænəˈdʒɪrɪk]
definition: n. formal or elaborate praise: encomium 颂词/赞颂
sim: 【近】citation, eulogy, salutation, tribute
zhuji: 【记】 音：拍你 + energetic 积极的→积极的拍你，使劲拍你，吹捧；pan 盘 + egg 鸡蛋，给你一盘鸡蛋吃→表扬，颂扬

正面: broach
symbol: [broʊtʃ]
definition: v. to bring up a subject for discussion: propose 提出…供讨论
sim: 【近】introduce, moot, mention
ano: 【反】hush, quash, stifle, suppress, censor
zhuji: 【记】 broad 扩大 breach 裂口；一点点用来approach目标的工具，钻子；

正面: consecrate
symbol: [ˈkɑːnsɪkreɪt]
definition: v. to devote to a purpose with or as if with deep solemnity or dedication: hallow 尊崇/视…为神
sim: 【近】sanctify, deify, revere
ano: 【反】desecrate, profane, defile

正面: unctuous
symbol: [ˈʌŋktʃuəs]
definition: adj. revealing a smug, ingratiating, and false earnestness: hypocritical 虚伪的/油嘴滑舌的
sim: 【近】artificial, backhanded, counterfeit, feigned, phony
ano: 【反】artless, candid, genuine, heartfelt
zhuji: 【记】 anxious 渴望的，担忧的人为了达到目的说话油腔滑调<br>【另】 为了增加action 动作，举动，喊加油，油→unction 涂油礼, 油膏, 虚情假意, 浓厚兴趣

正面: dilettante
symbol: [ˌdɪləˈtænti]
definition: n. a person with a superficial interest in an area: dabbler 一知半解的人/业余爱好者
zhuji: 【记】 近于delight 快乐，高兴；di 两，二 + letter 文学艺术，文字，字母，文学艺术上有两下子，是个二把刀(业余的)；di 两个 + letter 认识俩字母就冒充文学爱好者<br>【另】 delectable 令人愉快的

正面: mnemonic
symbol: [nɪˈmɑːnɪk]
definition: adj. assisting or intended to assist memory 辅助记忆的

正面: bowdlerize
symbol: [ˈbaʊdləraɪz]
definition: v. to expurgate by omitting or modifying parts considered vulgar: censor 删改/修订
sim: 【近】abridge, blip, expurgate, screen
ano: 【反】elongate, prolong, protract

正面: subsume
symbol: [səbˈsuːm]
definition: v. to include within something larger or more comprehensive: encompass 包括/将…纳入
sim: 【近】comprehend, embrace, entail, involve

正面: parvenu
symbol: [ˈpɑːrvənuː]
definition: n. one that has suddenly risen to an unaccustomed position of wealth and has not yet gained the prestige or manner associated with it: nouveau riche 暴发户

正面: vagary
symbol: [ˈveɡəri]
definition: n. an erratic, unpredictable, or extravagant manifestation, action, or notion: caprice 异想天开
sim: 【近】whimsy, fancy, quirk, impulse
zhuji: 【记】 源自wander；音：歪鬼，心眼儿歪，造成行为与想法奇特，不可预测；vague 不清楚，头脑不清楚，思想有奇思怪想

正面: nugatory
symbol: [ˈnuːɡətɔːri]
definition: adj. of little or no consequence: vain 无价值的/徒劳的
sim: 【近】inconsequential, trifling, petty
zhuji: 【记】 形意类似 negative 否定，消极的<br>【另】 niggle 为琐事费心, 拘泥小节

正面: fete
symbol: [feɪt]
definition: i.　v. to pay high honor to: celebrate 赞扬/给予…荣誉
ii.　n. a lavish and elaborate outdoor party or festival 奢华的宴会

正面: scarify
symbol: [ˈskerɪfaɪ]
definition: v. to make cutting remarks about or criticize sharply: lambaste 严厉批评
sim: 【近】castigate, excoriate, scathe, scorch, slash

正面: sangfroid
symbol: [sɑːŋˈfrwɑː]
definition: n. self-possession or imperturbability especially under strain: equanimity 沉着/冷静
sim: 【近】collectedness, composure, serenity, tranquility
ano: 【反】agitation, perturbation

正面: hobble
symbol: [ˈhɑːbl]
definition: i.　v. to move along unsteadily or with difficulty: stumble 蹒跚/跛行
ii.　v. to hamper the action or progress of: impede 阻碍/束缚
sim: 【近】encumber, fetter, hinder, obstruct, shackle, stymie, trammel
zhuji: 【记】 音：猴步，猴子走步(用两条腿)是蹒跚的，当然它四条腿爬跳时是很快的；音：滑步，滑一步差点摔倒→蹒跚

正面: peccadillo
symbol: [ˌpekəˈdɪloʊ]
definition: n. a slight offense: wrongdoing 小过失/瑕疵

正面: sophistry
symbol: [ˈsɑːfɪstri]
definition: n. subtly deceptive reasoning or argumentation: fallacy 诡辩/谬论
sim: 【近】casuistry, equivocation, speciousness, spuriousness

正面: haggard
symbol: [ˈhæɡərd]
definition: adj. having a worn or emaciated appearance: gaunt 憔悴的/疲倦的
sim: 【近】careworn, pallid, wan, wearied
ano: 【反】lusty, strenuous, vigorous

正面: corollary
symbol: [ˈkɔːrəleri]
definition: n. something that naturally follows: result 推论/必然结果
sim: 【近】aftermath, outgrowth, sequel, upshot

正面: sardonic
symbol: [sɑːrˈdɑːnɪk]
definition: adj. disdainfully or skeptically humorous: sarcastic 讽刺的/嘲笑的
sim: 【近】derisive, mocking, acerbic, biting, caustic, pungent, satiric, scathing

正面: grovel
symbol: [ˈɡrɑːvl]
definition: v. to lie or creep in token of subservience or abasement: fawn 卑躬屈膝/谄媚
sim: 【近】apple-polish, bootlick, brownnose, cower, cringe, kowtow, toady
zhuji: 【记】 音：哥饶我，趴在地上叩头，大哥，饶了我吧，我服了你了

正面: ersatz
symbol: [ˈersɑːts]
definition: adj. being a usually artificial and inferior substitute or imitation: fake 人造的/假的
sim: 【近】bogus, dummy, factitious, sham, spurious

正面: aphorism
symbol: [ˈæfərɪzəm]
definition: n. a terse formulation of a truth or sentiment: maxim 格言警句
sim: 【近】adage, apothegm, axiom, dictum
zhuji: 【记】 a 一个，一句 + phor 词，话；philosopher 总爱说格言 (结尾发音也似phor)<br>【另】 metaphor 比喻, adage 格言, 谚语， 以m结尾的格言: aphorism, gnome , maxim

正面: curmudgeon
symbol: [kɜːrˈmʌdʒən]
definition: n. a crusty, ill-tempered, and usually old man: crab 暴脾气的人
sim: 【近】crosspatch, griper, grouser, grumbler, whiner
zhuji: 【记】 cur + mud + go on 走到泥里的杂种狗一样，脾气坏，乱咬

正面: gumption
symbol: [ˈɡʌmpʃn]
definition: n. determination and courage: initiative 进取心/勇气

正面: pariah
symbol: [pəˈraɪə]
definition: n. one that is despised or rejected: outcast 被社会遗弃的人/贱民
sim: 【近】castaway, derelict, leper, untouchable, déclassé
zhuji: 【记】 音：怕呀，贱民整天喊怕，活着太惨；Paris 巴黎，法国大革命是最底层的贱民，流氓无产者发起的

正面: chortle
symbol: [ˈtʃɔːrtl]
definition: v. to laugh or chuckle especially in satisfaction or exultation 得意地笑

正面: cerebral
symbol: [səˈriːbrəl]
definition: adj. primarily intellectual in nature: brainy 聪明的/用脑的

正面: magisterial
symbol: [ˌmædʒɪˈstɪriəl]
definition: i.　adj. having the characteristics of a master or teacher: authoritative 权威的
ii.　adj. overbearingly dignified or assured: domineering 专横的/傲慢的
sim: 【近】bossy, high-handed, imperative, imperial, imperious, overbearing, peremptory

正面: sybarite
symbol: [ˈsɪbəˌraɪt]
definition: n. a person addicted to luxury and pleasures of the senses: voluptuary 奢侈享受的人
sim: 【近】hedonist, debauchee, decadent, sensualist
ano: 【反】ascetic
zhuji: 【记】 see bar 常去看酒吧，看酒吧歌舞表演

正面: contumely
symbol: [ˈkɑntuməli]
definition: n. harsh language or treatment arising from haughtiness and contempt 侮辱/无礼的行为
sim: 【近】abuse, aspersion, invective, obloquy, scurrility, vituperation

正面: fugacious
symbol: [fjuːˈgeɪʃəs]
definition: adj. lasting a short time: evanescent 短暂的/变化无常的
sim: 【近】ephemeral, fleeting, momentary, fugitive, transient, transitory
ano: 【反】ceaseless, eternal, everlasting, immortal, permanent, perpetual

正面: appurtenant
symbol: [əˈpɜːrtɪnənt]
definition: adj. furnishing added support: auxiliary 从属的/附属的
sim: 【近】accessory, adjuvant, ancillary, collateral, peripheral, subsidiary

正面: cadaverous
symbol: [kəˈdævərəs]
definition: adj. extremely thin and weak especially from disease or hunger: gaunt (尸体一样)惨白的
sim: 【近】blanched, emaciated, pale, doughy, lurid, mealy, pallid
ano: 【反】blooming, florid, flush, rosy, rubicund, sanguine

正面: besot
symbol: [bɪˈsɔt]
definition: v. to make dull or stupid as with alcohol or infatuation: enamor 使着迷/使沉醉

正面: machinate
symbol: [ˈmækəˌneɪt]
definition: v. to scheme or contrive to bring about especially something harmful: plot 策划(阴谋)/图谋
sim: 【近】collude, compass, connive, conspire, intrigue

正面: wag
symbol: [wæɡ]
definition: i.　v. to move to and fro especially with quick jerky motions: wave 摇摆/震动
ii.　n. a witty amusing person who makes jokes: wit 爱说笑的人
sim: 【近】humorist, droll, jester
zhuji: 【记】 waggon 四轮运货马车，坐在上面摇动的很；音：尾狗，狗尾，狗尾巴摇动，身体笑得摇动；音：歪哥，不正经的哥们爱摇摆舞，并说打趣的话<br>【另】 swing 摇摆，swag 摇晃

正面: proselytize
symbol: [ˈprɑːsələtaɪz]
definition: v. to convert especially to a new faith, institution, or cause: preach (通过说教)劝改变信仰
zhuji: 【记】 pro- 支持，喜欢 + select 选择，喜欢某种东西(信仰)并选择了它，就是皈依

正面: pundit
symbol: [ˈpʌndɪt]
definition: n. a person who gives opinions in an authoritative manner: specialist 专家/博学的人
zhuji: 【记】 pandit的变体，音：盘点，专家盘点

正面: eke
symbol: [iːk]
definition: v. to use something slowly or carefully because of its inadequacy 节约地使用/经济地维持

正面: supine
symbol: [ˈsuːpaɪn]
definition: adj. exhibiting indolent or apathetic inertia or passivity: slack, inactive 懒散的/无精打采的
zhuji: 【记】 super + 音：拍，晚饭后拍拍肚子懒散地躺床上→仰卧<br>【另】 prone 俯卧

正面: jargon
symbol: [ˈdʒɑːrɡən]
definition: i.　n. confused unintelligible language: mumbo jumbo 胡言乱语
ii.　n. the technical terminology or characteristic idiom of a special activity or group: argot 术语/行话
zhuji: 【记】 象声词，音：喳喳，嘁嘁喳喳的声音；音: 轧钢，轧钢时使用的都是钢铁业专业术语

正面: contretemps
symbol: [ˈkɑːntrətɑːŋ]
definition: n. an inopportune or embarrassing occurrence or situation: tragedy 尴尬的局面/意外的事故
sim: 【近】misfortune, adversity, mischance, mishap

正面: pulchritude
symbol: [ˈpʌlkrɪtjuːd]
definition: n. physical comeliness: beauty 美丽
zhuji: 【记】 pulchr 汉语拼音：不丑+ itude 状态；音：卟哧，少女卟哧一声笑出声来的美丽笑容

正面: askance
symbol: [əˈskæns]
definition: adv. with disapproval or distrust: scornfully 怀疑地
sim: 【近】dubiously, sideways, skeptically, suspiciously

正面: derelict
symbol: [ˈderəlɪkt]
definition: i.　adj. run-down or abandoned especially by the owner or occupant: deserted 破败的/被遗弃的
ii.　adj. lacking a sense of duty: negligent 疏忽的/玩忽职守的
ii.　n. a destitute homeless social misfit: pariah 被遗弃的人
sim: 【近】outcast, leper, untouchable, vagrant
ano: 【反】careful, heedful, thoughtful
zhuji: 【记】 源自relict, relic re 再，重复 + lick 舔，重复的舔，把剩余物舔(干净)；relict源自relinquish 放弃<br>【另】 relict 残余物, relic 遗物，遗迹，relinquish 放弃

正面: hagiographic
symbol: [ˌhæɡɪɑːˈɡræfɪk]
definition: adj. excessively flattering: adulatory 奉承的/谄媚的
sim: 【近】fawning, sycophantic, toadying, oleaginous

正面: vicissitude
symbol: [vɪˈsɪsɪtuːd]
definition: i.　n. a fluctuation of condition that occurs by chance: mutation 变迁/兴衰
ii.　n. a difficulty beyond one’s control: asperity (难以克服的)困境/艰难
sim: 【近】rigor, adversity, mischance, misfortune, tribulation

正面: impart
symbol: [ɪmˈpɑːrt]
definition: i.　v. to give, convey, or bestow a quality on: add 给予/传授
ii.　v. to communicate the knowledge of: disclose 告知/透露

正面: virago
symbol: [vɪˈrɑːɡoʊ]
definition: n. a woman of extremely pugnacious temperament: termagant 泼妇/凶悍的女人
sim: 【近】amazon, harpy, scold, shrew, vixen

正面: mulct
symbol: [mʌlkt]
definition: i.　v. to punish by a fine: penalize 惩罚
ii.　v. to defraud especially of money: swindle 诈取/欺骗

正面: epigram
symbol: [ˈepɪɡræm]
definition: n. a terse, sage, or witty and often paradoxical saying: apothegm 格言警句
sim: 【近】adage, aphorism, byword, maxim, proverb
zhuji: 【记】 epic 史诗 + gram 写，(grammar 词，语)，史诗上写的都是警语<br>【另】 epigraph 铭文，碑文

正面: palaver
symbol: [pəˈlɑːvər]
definition: i.　n. misleading and flattering speech: blandishment 哄骗/奉承
ii.　n. profuse and idle talk: hot air 空谈/废话
zhuji: 【记】 源自parable 寓言, 比喻；pale 苍白 + aver 断言，苍白的说→空谈；pal 音：拍 + aver 断言→拍(马)说→奉承；palace 宫殿里到处是奉承与空谈

正面: ferret
symbol: [ˈferɪt]
definition: v. to find and bring to light by persistent searching: hunt 搜寻

正面: soporific
symbol: [ˌsɑːpəˈrɪfɪk]
definition: i.　adj. causing or tending to cause sleep 催眠的
ii.　adj. inducing mental lethargy: tedious 令人昏昏欲睡的/乏味的
zhuji: 【记】 sober 清醒，把b 扳半圈是sopor，就是反意，不清醒，想sleep睡觉；象是philosopher 哲学的后半部分，一上哲学课就想睡觉→催眠

正面: mordant
symbol: [ˈmɔːrdnt]
definition: adj. biting and caustic in thought, manner, or style: incisive 尖酸的/讽刺的
sim: 【近】acerbic, acid, pungent, sardonic, scathing, tart, trenchant
zhuji: 【记】 形近于rodent 咬的, 侵蚀性的；音：没胆的，讽刺别人没胆；音：矛钝，你的矛很钝，拿盾的人讥讽道；音：矛盾，你是自相矛盾的；modern,modern times 电影摩登时代(by卓别林)是讽刺喜剧片，辛辣讽刺了工人在摩登时代受欺压的社会现象<br>【另】 erode 侵蚀， corrodent 腐蚀的，刻毒的，mordacious 锐利的, 咬痛的, 刻薄的；moderate 是其反意；

正面: martinet
symbol: [ˌmɑːrtnˈet]
definition: n. a strict disciplinarian who stresses a rigid adherence to details: hardliner 严守纪律的人
zhuji: 【记】 mart 战争，军事 +　net 网，军队的网络非常严，用铁丝网来严格约束士兵

正面: lampoon
symbol: [læmˈpuːn]
definition: n. a harsh satire usually directed against an individual: parody 讽刺(的作品)
sim: 【近】ridicule, caricature, skit
zhuji: 【记】 lamp 灯 + on →把灯照到别人上头，曝光

正面: jaundice
symbol: [ˈdʒɔːndɪs]
definition: n. a state or attitude characterized by satiety, distaste, or hostility: animosity (偏见导致的)敌意
sim: 【近】antagonism, antipathy, gall, grudge, hostility, enmity, rancor
ano: 【反】amity

正面: diabolical
symbol: [ˌdaɪəˈbɑːlɪkl]
definition: adj. of, relating to, or characteristic of the devil: devilish 邪恶的/恶魔般的
sim: 【近】demoniac, fiendish, satanic
ano: 【反】angelic

正面: cull
symbol: [kʌl]
definition: i.　v. to select from a group: choose 挑选
ii.　n. something rejected especially as being inferior or worthless: discard 被丢弃的东西

正面: insidious
symbol: [ɪnˈsɪdiəs]
definition: i.　adj. awaiting a chance to entrap: sinister 阴险的
ii.　adj. harmful but enticing: seductive 诱人(而有害)的
iii.　adj. having a gradual and cumulative effect: subtle 潜伏的/逐渐起作用的
sim: 【近】pernicious, perilous, guileful

正面: otiose
symbol: [ˈoʊʃioʊs]
definition: i.　adj. producing no useful result or effect: futile 无效的/徒劳的
ii.　adj. being at leisure: idle 闲暇的/懒散的
sim: 【近】abortive, barren, bootless, unavailing, vain

正面: wizen
symbol: [ˈwɪzən]
definition: v. to become dry, shrunken, and wrinkled as a result of failing vitality: wither 枯萎/凋零
sim: 【近】mummify, shrivel, welter, wilt, dwindle

正面: plangent
symbol: [ˈplændʒənt]
definition: i.　adj. having a loud reverberating sound: resonant 轰鸣的
ii.　adj. having an expressive and especially plaintive quality 悲凉的
sim: 【近】orotund, resounding, sonorant, sonorous, vibrant
zhuji: 【记】 可能来自plaint；plane 飞机 + generate 产生→飞机产生的轰鸣声；complain + generate 抱怨时产生的

正面: perorate
symbol: [ˈperəˌreɪt]
definition: i.　v. to deliver a long or grandiloquent oration: harangue 高谈阔论/夸夸其谈
ii.　v. to make a conclusion: wrap up 下结论/结语
sim: 【近】bloviate, declaim, rant, rave, soapbox

正面: imbroglio
symbol: [ɪmˈbroʊlioʊ]
definition: i.　n. a violently confused or bitterly complicated disputation: embroilment 纠纷/争端
ii.　n. an acutely painful or embarrassing misunderstanding 误解
sim: 【近】quarrel, altercation, bickering, squabble
zhuji: 【记】 可能与embroil同源；broil 争吵；im + brought + lion 带来个狮子回家弄得一团糟<br>【另】 embroil 使卷入, 牵连, 使纠缠，broil 喧闹地争吵，烤

正面: cavalier
symbol: [ˌkævəˈlɪr]
definition: adj. marked by offhand and often disdainful dismissal of important matters: haughty 傲慢的
sim: 【近】arrogant, insolent, lofty, overbearing, supercilious, superior

正面: limn
symbol: [lɪm]
definition: v. to describe or outline in clear sharp detail: delineate 描写/描绘
sim: 【近】represent, depict, interpret, portray, render

正面: traduce
symbol: [trəˈduːs]
definition: i.　v. to expose to blame by means of falsehood and misrepresentation: malign 中伤/诽谤
ii.　v. to violate or betray: breach 违反/背叛
sim: 【近】contravene, infringe, offend, transgress
ano: 【反】comply, conform, observe

正面: egress
symbol: [ˈiːɡres]
definition: i.　n. the action or right of going or coming out: departure 外出/离开
ii.　n. a place or means of going out: exit 出口
sim: 【近】exodus, setting-out, withdrawal

正面: desuetude
symbol: [ˈdeswɪˌtud]
definition: n. discontinuance from use or exercise: disuse 废止/废除
sim: 【近】cessation, discontinuation, ending

正面: petulant
symbol: [ˈpetʃələnt]
definition: i.　adj. insolent or rude in speech or behavior: impudent 无礼的/冒犯的
ii.　adj. characterized by temporary or capricious ill humor: peevish 易怒的/任性的
sim: 【近】cantankerous, irritable, fractious, pettish, querulous, snappish, waspy
zhuji: 【记】 pet + 音：吐，宠物吐，给宠物吃好吃的，它吐出来不吃发脾气；近于pettish 及peevish 易怒的,暴躁的

正面: apotheosis
symbol: [əˌpɑːθiˈoʊsɪs]
definition: i.　n. elevation to divine status: deification 崇敬/神化
ii.　n. the perfect example: quintessence 典范/象征
sim: 【近】epitome, quintessence
ano: 【反】debasement, defamation, degradation, denigration, sullying

正面: raconteur
symbol: [ˌrækɑːnˈtɜːr]
definition: n. a person who excels in telling anecdotes: narrator 讲述者

正面: vendetta
symbol: [venˈdetə]
definition: n. an often prolonged series of retaliatory, vengeful, or hostile acts: wrangle (相互的)仇杀
sim: 【近】dispute, quarrel, blood feud

正面: lubricious
symbol: [luːˈbrɪʃəs]
definition: i.　adj. marked by wantonness: lecherous 淫荡的
ii.　adj. having a smooth or slippery quality: slick 光滑的
sim: 【近】salacious, concupiscent, horny, lewd, libidinous, licentious, lustful

正面: epicure
symbol: [ˈepɪkjʊr]
definition: n. one with sensitive tastes especially in food or wine: gourmand 美食家
sim: 【近】bon vivant, gastronome, gourmet
zhuji: 【记】 音：爱皮扣肉，爱吃有皮的扣肉，如猪皮，柚皮，酥皮

正面: atavism
symbol: [ætəˈvɪzəm]
definition: n. recurrence of a past style, manner, approach, or activity: throwback 返祖/重现

正面: pluck
symbol: [plʌk]
definition: i.　n. courageous readiness to fight or continue against odds: dogged resolution 勇气
ii.　v. to move, remove, or separate forcibly or abruptly: pull 拉扯(以分开)
sim: 【近】dauntlessness, fortitude, guts, mettle, spunk
zhuji: 【记】 音：拨拉开，拨拉一下拨几根毛，拨拉一下琴弦(有拨弦的意思)；在老虎头上拨毛→勇气；plug 堵，塞紧，pluck 是拔出

正面: behoove
symbol: [bɪˈhoʊv]
definition: v. to be necessary, proper, or advantageous for: befit 有必要/合适

正面: apocryphal
symbol: [əˈpɑːkrɪfl]
definition: adj. of doubtful authenticity: spurious 可疑的/虚假的
sim: 【近】bastard, erroneous, fictitious, forged
ano: 【反】reputable, established, veracious

正面: elegiac
symbol: [ˌelɪˈdʒaɪək]
definition: adj. expressing sorrow often for something now past: mournful 哀悼的/表达惋惜的
sim: 【近】melancholic, plaintive, nostalgic, lamenting

正面: desultory
symbol: [ˈdesəltɔːri]
definition: adj. marked by lack of definite plan, regularity, or purpose: random 不连贯的/杂乱的
sim: 【近】aimless, arbitrary, erratic, haphazard, hit-or-miss, scattered
ano: 【反】methodical, orderly, regular, systematic
zhuji: 【记】 de 否定 + result 没有结果，成果，(写论文)没有成果，why? 缺少确定的计划目标，连续性，与主题无关，散漫<br>【另】 consult 商议 咨询，insult 侮辱，result 结果 成果

正面: amok
symbol: [əˈmɑːk]
definition: adj. motivated by a murderous or violently uncontrollable frenzy: demonic 狂暴的/凶残的

正面: snide
symbol: [snaɪd]
definition: i.　adj. false, counterfeit 伪造的/假的
ii.　adj. practicing deception: dishonest 不诚实的/欺骗的
sim: 【近】bogus, brummagem, phony, pseudo, sham, spurious

正面: stultify
symbol: [ˈstʌltɪfaɪ]
definition: i.　v. to cause to appear or be stupid, foolish, or absurdly illogical 使显得荒唐/愚弄
ii.　v. to impair, invalidate, or make ineffective: negate 削弱/使无效
sim: 【近】stagnate, stifle, trammel; enfeeble, impair, invalidate, nullify
ano: 【反】foster, pique, provoke, stimulate
zhuji: 【记】 study stupid 死学习会学傻的

正面: prattle
symbol: [ˈprætl]
definition: v. to utter or make meaningless sounds suggestive of the chatter of children: babble 胡言乱语
sim: 【近】blabber, blather, drivel, drool, gabble, prate, twaddle

正面: tribulation
symbol: [ˌtrɪbjuˈleɪʃn]
definition: n. distress or suffering resulting from oppression or persecution: misfortune 苦难/煎熬
sim: 【近】trial, affliction, agony, ordeal, excruciation

正面: derogate
symbol: [ˈderəɡeɪt]
definition: v. to cause to seem less or inferior: disparage 贬低/诽谤
sim: 【近】belittle, denigrate, deprecate, decry, discount, minimize, vilipend

正面: travail
symbol: [ˈtræveɪl]
definition: n. work especially of a painful or laborious nature: drudgery 苦差事/辛劳
sim: 【近】grind, labor, slavery, toil
zhuji: 【记】 travel旅行 + ail 生病，痛苦；生病本来就是痛苦了，旅行期间生命更痛苦

正面: laity
symbol: [ˈleɪəti]
definition: n. the mass of the people as distinguished from those of a particular profession 外行

正面: propinquity
symbol: [prəˈpɪŋkwəti]
definition: n. nearness of blood or in place or time: proximity 临近/相似
sim: 【近】contiguity, immediacy; kinship

正面: oligarchy
symbol: [ˈɑːləɡɑːrki]
definition: n. government by the few 寡头体制/少数人统治

正面: quisling
symbol: [ˈkwɪzlɪŋ]
definition: n. someone who collaborates with an enemy occupying force: traitor 叛徒/内奸
sim: 【近】apostate, backstabber, double-dealer, recreant, serpent, turncoat

正面: itinerant
symbol: [aɪˈtɪnərənt]
definition: adj. traveling from place to place: peripatetic 巡回的/流动的
sim: 【近】ambulant, nomadic, vagabond, wandering, wayfaring

正面: apogee
symbol: [ˈæpədʒiː]
definition: n. the farthest or highest point: culmination 最高点/极致
sim: 【近】apex, acme, capstone, meridian, peak, pinnacle, zenith

正面: juggernaut
symbol: [ˈdʒʌɡərnɔːt]
definition: n. a massive inexorable force or object that crushes whatever is in its path 不可抵挡的力量
zhuji: 【记】 jugger 罐子里的人 + naut 员，有个故事是瓶子里有个精灵，有强大的力量与魔法；这个词是看作是罐子里的精灵<br>【另】 astronaut 宇航员

正面: aplomb
symbol: [əˈplɑːm]
definition: n. complete and confident composure or self-assurance: poise 沉着/镇定
sim: 【近】equanimity, collectedness, countenance, placidity, repose, sangfroid, serenity
ano: 【反】agitation, discomposure, perturbation

正面: schadenfreude
symbol: [ˈʃɑːdnfrɔɪdə]
definition: n. enjoyment obtained from the troubles of others 幸灾乐祸

正面: brusque
symbol: [brʌsk]
definition: adj. blunt in manner often to the point of ungracious harshness: bluff 唐突的/过于直率的
sim: 【近】abrupt, crusty, curt, downright, snippy, unceremonious
ano: 【反】circuitous

正面: internecine
symbol: [ˌɪntərˈniːsaɪn]
definition: adj. of, relating to, or involving conflict within a group: mutually destructive 两败俱伤的

正面: defray
symbol: [dɪˈfreɪ]
definition: v. to provide for the payment of: pay 支付
zhuji: 【记】 de否定 + free，不是免费的，得付钱

正面: anathema
symbol: [əˈnæθəmə]
definition: i.　n. someone or something intensely disliked or loathed: abomination 令人厌恶者
ii.　n. the vigorous denunciation of something as accursed: curse 诅咒
sim: 【近】commination, imprecation, malediction, malison, reprehension, reprobation, reproof
ano: 【反】eulogy, laudation
zhuji: 【记】 ana-反 + the 神 + ma 音：骂→用神的话语来骂→神的诅咒

正面: immure
symbol: [ɪˈmjʊr]
definition: v. to enclose within or as if within walls: imprison 监禁/封闭
sim: 【近】bastille, confine, constrain, incarcerate, intern
zhuji: 【记】 im, in + mure 墙，在墙内的<br>【另】 mural 墙壁上的 壁画, 壁饰, demure(在高墙里，深闰里的) 端庄的

正面: telltale
symbol: [ˈtelteɪl]
definition: n. an outward sign: indication 迹象/指示
sim: 【近】hint, cue, inkling, intimation

正面: stentorian
symbol: [stenˈtɔːriən]
definition: adj. extremely loud and powerful: roaring 洪亮的
sim: 【近】earsplitting, piercing, orotund, clamorous, vociferous
zhuji: 【记】 源于Stentor，希腊史诗伊利亚特中一位的传令官，声音洪亮；形近 attention 西点军校喊一声<br>Attention，是很响亮的

正面: solecism
symbol: [ˈsɑːlɪsɪzəm]
definition: n. a breach or violation of etiquette or decorum: blunder 谬误/失礼
sim: 【近】faux pas, gaffe, indiscretion, impropriety
ano: 【反】amenity, civility, courtesy, gesture, pleasantry

正面: defenestration
symbol: [diːˌfenəˈstreɪʃən]
definition: n. a usually swift dismissal or expulsion (愤怒的)驱逐

正面: harry
symbol: [ˈhæri]
definition: i.　v. to annoy or torment by or as if by constant attack: beset 烦扰/折磨
ii.　v. to make a pillaging or destructive raid on: assault, pillage 劫掠/袭击
sim: 【近】bedevil, beleaguer, harass, plague, badger, irritate
zhuji: 【记】 看成harrass；hare + y兔子般的，总受骚扰

正面: pedant
symbol: [ˈpednt]
definition: i.　n. one who makes a show of knowledge 卖弄学识的人
ii.　n. one who is unimaginative or who unduly emphasizes minutiae in knowledge 书呆子/学究
zhuji: 【记】 ped 脚 + ant 蚂蚁，脚踩蚂蚁→脚踩死蚂蚁都这么在乎→迂腐之人

正面: peremptory
symbol: [pəˈremptəri]
definition: i.　adj. characterized by imperious or arrogant self-assurance: domineering 专横的/傲慢的
ii.　adj. admitting of no contradiction: unconditional 绝对的/强制的
sim: 【近】autocratic, despotic, imperious, magisterial, overbearing
zhuji: 【记】 per 十足 + emperor 皇帝，十足的皇帝； per 全部 + empty 空，全部拿走，使成为空→专横的<br>【另】 imperious 专横的

正面: poignant
symbol: [ˈpɔɪnjənt]
definition: i.　adj. designed to make an impression or arouse affect: touching 深刻的/感人的
ii.　adj. sharply painful to the feelings: piercing 刺激的/伤人的
sim: 【近】emotional, impactful, impressive, stirring

正面: dishabille
symbol: [ˌdɪsəˈbiːl]
definition: n. a deliberately careless or casual manner 随意(的行为/着装)

正面: maunder
symbol: [ˈmɔːndər]
definition: i.　v. to wander slowly and idly: circumambulate 徘徊/漫步
ii.　v. to speak indistinctly or disconnectedly: mumble 胡扯/漫谈
sim: 【近】drift, gallivant, meander, ramble

正面: preen
symbol: [priːn]
definition: v. to dress or groom with elaborate care: primp 打扮/整理
zhuji: 【记】 queen 象个女王一样打扮；plume 羽毛，整理羽毛， l=r 元音转换

正面: misogyny
symbol: [mɪˈsɑːdʒɪnɪ]
definition: n. hatred of women 厌恶女性

正面: nepotism
symbol: [ˈnepətɪzəm]
definition: n. favoritism based on kinship as in appointment to a job: partiality 裙带关系/任人唯亲

正面: adjudicate
symbol: [əˈdʒuːdɪkeɪt]
definition: v. to settle judicially: judge 裁决/宣判
sim: 【近】adjudge, arbitrate, referee, umpire
zhuji: 【记】 ad + judge 判断，裁决<br>【另】 judicially 依法判决地, 公平地

正面: nuance
symbol: [ˈnuːɑːns]
definition: n. a subtle distinction or variation in meaning, opinion or attitude: nicety 精确/细微的差别
zhuji: 【记】 new + ounce 盎司 新的盎司与旧的盎司只有细微的差异

正面: flagitious
symbol: [fləˈdʒɪʃəs]
definition: adj. marked by scandalous crime or vice: villainous 极恶的/残忍的
sim: 【近】vicious, degenerate, depraved, miscreant, nefarious, perverse, rotten

正面: clairvoyance
symbol: [klerˈvɔɪəns]
definition: n. ability to perceive matters beyond the range of ordinary perception: penetration 洞察力

正面: anodyne
symbol: [ˈænədaɪn]
definition: i.　n. something that soothes, calms, or comforts: analgesic 止痛剂/起缓解作用的事物
ii.　adj. not likely to offend or arouse tensions: innocuous 安抚的/不伤人的

正面: scurrilous
symbol: [ˈskɜːrələs]
definition: adj. using or given to coarse or vulgar language: abusive 下流的/粗俗的
sim: 【近】contumelious, invective, insulting, opprobrious, truculent, vituperative
zhuji: 【记】 scarry 伤疤的 scary 害怕的，脸上有刀疤的人说吓人的脏话；curry 译音，咖哩 + lous 是黄色下流的；s死 不好 + current + 流，不好的流，下流

正面: hector
symbol: [ˈhektər]
definition: v. to intimidate or harass by bluster or personal pressure: bully 威胁/恐吓
sim: 【近】bludgeon, browbeat, cow, terrorize

正面: asseverate
symbol: [əˈsevəreɪt]
definition: v. to affirm or assert categorically or earnestly: maintain 声明/宣称

正面: bilious
symbol: [ˈbɪliəs]
definition: adj. of or indicative of a peevish ill-natured disposition: irritable 易怒的
sim: 【近】petulant, choleric, cranky, grumpy, irascible, testy, waspish

正面: assay
symbol: [əˈseɪ]
definition: i.　v. to try or attempt: endeavor 尝试/试验
ii.　v. to analyze and judge the worth of: estimate 分析/鉴定
sim: 【近】appraise, assess, evaluate, valuate

正面: sundry
symbol: [ˈsʌndri]
definition: adj. miscellaneous or various: assorted 混杂的/各式各样的
sim: 【近】legion, multifarious, multitudinous, numerous

正面: hoodwink
symbol: [ˈhʊdwɪŋk]
definition: v. to deceive by false appearance: dupe 欺骗/蒙蔽
sim: 【近】beguile, bluff, con, chicane, delude, hoax, misinform
zhuji: 【记】 hood 头巾 + wink 眨眼，指将眼睛蒙上→蒙蔽，欺骗

正面: melee
symbol: [ˈmeɪleɪ]
definition: n. a confused and noisy fight: clash 混战/打斗
sim: 【近】affray, brush, fray, scrimmage, skirmish, scuffle

正面: ennui
symbol: [ɑːnˈwiː]
definition: n. a feeling of weariness and dissatisfaction: boredom 无聊/厌倦
sim: 【近】blahs, doldrums, listlessness, restlessness, tedium, weariness
zhuji: 【记】 源自annoy 苦恼，骚扰；音：啊累，或俺累，感觉活着真累，觉得倦怠，不满，啥都不想干

正面: patina
symbol: [pəˈtiːnə]
definition: i.　n. an appearance that is derived from association, habit, or established character: air 神态/气场
ii.　n. a superficial covering or exterior: veneer 假象/外表
zhuji: 【记】 pat拍 + tin 罐头，拍罐头盒的锡皮，生绿锈了，将其拍成光亮的外表

正面: nostrum
symbol: [ˈnɑːstrəm]
definition: i.　n. hypothetical remedy for all ills or diseases: panacea 万能药
ii.　n. a medicine of secret composition usually without scientific proof of effectiveness 偏方

正面: harangue
symbol: [həˈræŋ]
definition: n. a ranting speech or writing: diatribe 抨击(的演说)
sim: 【近】tirade, jeremiad, philippic, scolding
zhuji: 【记】 音：很 anger 很生气 指责→指责演说；hard + argue 强硬辩论

正面: denouement
symbol: [ˌdeɪnuːˈmɑːŋ]
definition: n. the final outcome of a complex sequence of events: finale 结局
zhuji: 【记】 源自knot，de 否定 + 结，此词指具有复杂情节文学作品的结尾，终于将复杂的节解开了；denounce 小说电影一般都以痛斥(邪恶，主角大团圆)为结局

正面: sinecure
symbol: [ˈsaɪnɪkjʊr]
definition: n. an position that requires little work and that usually provides an income 闲职/美差
zhuji: 【记】 sin 罪，(宗教或道德上的)罪孽 + cure 治疗，治疗道德上犯的罪孽的，比如牧师躲在小格间里听人忏悔，提供精神上的指导与建议，算是一个闲职(实际该词是与教士精神职责无关的教会职位)

正面: apostate
symbol: [əˈpɑːsteɪt]
definition: n. a disloyal person who betrays his cause, religion or political party: renegade 叛徒/变节者
sim: 【近】recreant, turncoat, defector, rat, traitor, quisling

正面: presentiment
symbol: [prɪˈzentɪmənt]
definition: n. a feeling that something will or is about to happen: premonition 预感
sim: 【近】apprehension, foreboding, presage

正面: badger
symbol: [ˈbædʒər]
definition: v. to harass or annoy persistently: plague 纠缠/烦扰
sim: 【近】bully, heckle, hector, intimidate, tease, worry
zhuji: 【记】 bad + er 坏人，坏哥，老纠缠围绕别人，坏，獾，谐音；badge + er拿徽章的人，总是拿自己徽章烦扰别人，如城管队之类的

正面: zeitgeist
symbol: [ˈzaɪtɡaɪst]
definition: n. the general intellectual, moral, and cultural climate of an era: the spirit of the time 时代精神

正面: picayune
symbol: [ˌpɪkəˈjuːn]
definition: adj. of little value: paltry 琐碎的/微不足道的
sim: 【近】petty, inconsequential, measly, niggling, trivial

正面: forlorn
symbol: [fərˈlɔːrn]
definition: adj. dejected and lonely because of isolation or desertion: desolate 被遗弃的/孤独的
sim: 【近】abandoned, forsaken, solitary; miserable, wretched

正面: morass
symbol: [məˈræs]
definition: n. an overwhelming or confusing situation that traps or impedes: entanglement 困境/混乱
sim: 【近】labyrinth, mesh, mire, quagmire, quicksand, snare, trap

正面: gaffe
symbol: [ɡæf]
definition: n. a noticeable social or diplomatic blunder: indecorum 失态/过失
sim: 【近】faux pas, impropriety, indiscretion, solecism
zhuji: 【记】 音：盖肤，衣服没扣紧走光了，盖住皮肤以免在社交场合失礼；音：盖覆，覆盖，掩盖自己的失态；<br>【另】 gaff 鱼叉，golf 高乐夫球

正面: pillory
symbol: [ˈpɪləri]
definition: v. to expose to public contempt, ridicule, or scorn: deride 嘲笑/挖苦
zhuji: 【记】 pile 桩子 + lorry卡车，绑在卡车后面的桩子戴着颈手枷上游街示众

正面: gambit
symbol: [ˈɡæmbɪt]
definition: i.　n. a remark intended to start a conversation or make a telling point: topic 话题
ii.　n. a calculated move: stratagem 策略/诡计
sim: 【近】artifice, device, gimmick, maneuver, plot

正面: xenophobia
symbol: [ˌzenəˈfoʊbiə]
definition: n. fear and hatred of anything that is strange or foreign 仇外

正面: panache
symbol: [pəˈnæʃ]
definition: n. dash or flamboyance in style and action: verve 炫耀/摆架子
zhuji: 【记】 近于pinnacle 小尖塔；pan 平底锅 + che 音：吃，拿着锅吃饭→炫耀

正面: rakish
symbol: [ˈreɪkɪʃ]
definition: i.　adj. having a smartly trim, casual look: dashing 潇洒的/轻快的
ii.　adj. unrestrained by convention or morality: dissolute 放荡的
zhuji: 【记】 rake 耙子，猪八戒的东西，天篷元帅，潇洒却好色放荡，被贬到下界为猪

正面: embroil
symbol: [ɪmˈbrɔɪl]
definition: v. to involve in conflict or disorder: entangle (使)卷入/(使)纠缠
sim: 【近】trap, mesh, snare

正面: rustic
symbol: [ˈrʌstɪk]
definition: i.　adj. of, relating to, or suitable for the country: rural 乡村的
ii.　adj. lacking in social graces or polish: clumsy 粗俗的/土气的
sim: 【近】gauche, graceless, awkward, wooden
zhuji: 【记】 rust 生锈；乡村气息象生了锈般，不象城市那样光鲜与油滑

正面: fleece
symbol: [fliːs]
definition: v. to obtain something valuable from by improper means: swindle 欺诈/骗取
sim: 【近】bleed, milk, mulct, extort, defraud

正面: halcyon
symbol: [ˈhælsiən]
definition: adj. calm or peaceful 平静的/和平的
sim: 【近】hushed, placid, serene, still, tranquil
ano: 【反】blustery, fevered, foul, raging, tempestuous, tumultuous
zhuji: 【记】 音：海神，由于能够平息风浪，被渔民尊为海神，使大海平静，给人们带来愉快,原指神话中的神翠鸟，据说当它在冬至时在海上孵卵期间，具有平息风浪的力量。

正面: dilapidated
symbol: [dɪˈlæpɪdeɪtɪd]
definition: adj. decayed, deteriorated, or fallen into ruin through neglect or misuse: shabby 荒废的/破旧的
sim: 【近】faded, run-down, threadbare, impaired, marred

正面: abysmal
symbol: [əˈbɪzməl]
definition: i.　adj. having immense or fathomless extension: unfathomable 难以理解的
ii.　adj. immeasurably great or profound: unlimited 深不可测的
iii.　adj. immeasurably low or wretched: awful 糟糕的
zhuji: 【记】 源自bathy- 深，深海；by + small 边上显得很小<br>【另】 bathymetry 海洋测深学

正面: litany
symbol: [ˈlɪtəni]
definition: n. a usually lengthy recitation or enumeration 冗长的话

正面: cornucopia
symbol: [ˌkɔːrnjuˈkoʊpiə]
definition: n. an inexhaustible store: abundance 丰富/大量
sim: 【近】aplenty, profusion, copiousness, bounty
ano: 【反】deficiency, insufficiency, undersupply
zhuji: 【记】 corn 谷物 + copious 丰富→丰收；corn 源自horn<br>【另】 corner 角，corneous 角状的，cornea 角膜

正面: incumbent
symbol: [ɪnˈkʌmbənt]
definition: adj. imposed as a duty: obligatory 有义务的
sim: 【近】mandatory, compulsory, binding, requisite
zhuji: 【记】 in + cumb 躺， 在里面躺着的，房客，职责，办公室人员<br>【另】 decumbent 躺下，encumber 阻碍，incumbency 职责义务，procumbent 俯卧的, 匍匐<br>，recumbent 靠着的, 斜躺的，succumb屈服

正面: charlatan
symbol: [ˈʃɑːrlətən]
definition: n. one making usually showy pretenses to knowledge or ability: fraud 骗子/假装内行的人
sim: 【近】quack, imposter, bluff, hoaxer, sham, phony
zhuji: 【记】 Char + la + tan 木炭(涂身上)装作皮肤晒黑,想冒充健美古铜肤色的骗子

正面: hem/hedge in
symbol: [hedʒ]
definition: v. to surround somebody/something so that they cannot move or grow easily 包围/围困
The village is hemmed in on all sides by mountains.
sim: 【近】e felt hemmed in by all their petty rules and regulations.

正面: hinge on
symbol: [hɪndʒ]
definition: v. to completely depend on: hang on 取决于
Her success hinges on the success of this interview.

正面: impinge on
symbol: [ɪmˈpɪndʒ]
definition: v. to have an effect on, often by limiting in some way: influence 影响/侵犯
The Court will decide if the new bill impinges on the Constitutional right to free speech.
in (the) light of
prep. after considering, because of 鉴于/考虑到
He rewrote the book in the light of further research.

正面: in toto
symbol: [ˌɪn ˈtoʊtoʊ]
definition: prep. instead (of) 而不是/(不是…)而是
They took cash in lieu of the prize they had won.
in that
conj. for the reason that: because 因为
in the face of
i.　prep. despite especially problems or difficulties: regardless of 尽管
The campaign continued in the face of great opposition.
ii.　prep. as a result of 因为/鉴于
He was unable to deny the charges in the face of new evidence.
Unit 03
Quick Preview
□in the grip of □keep/hold at bay □on the part of □pave the way for
□in the interest(s) of □lay out □on/to the verge of □pit against
□in the know □not so much...as... □orient to/towards □press for
□insofar as □on a par (with) □out of thin air □press into service
□invest with □on grounds of/that □part and parcel □refrain from
in the grip of
v. to be experiencing something unpleasant that you have no control over 经历(不好的事情)
The country is currently in the grip of the worst recession for 20 years.
in the interest(s) of
prep. in order to achieve a particular situation or quality: for 为了(实现)
In the interest of safety, passengers are advised to wear their seat belts at all times.
in the know
adj. having knowledge about something that not everyone knows 消息灵通的
People in the know were sure the film would win an Oscar.
adv. totally or entirely 全部/完全
The available information amounts to very little in toto.
sim: 【近】e was fortunate in that she had friends to help her.

正面: insofar as
symbol: [ˌɪnsəˈfɑːr əz]
definition: adv. to the extent or degree that: as far as 在…范围内/到…的程度
Insofar as I know, there are no other complications for obtaining the building permit.
The news is good insofar as it suggests that a solution may be possible.
invest with
v. to give authority or power to: furnish 授予/授权
Our government has invested the minister with all the powers to resolve the dispute.
keep/hold at bay
v. to prevent something unpleasant from happening 牵制/使不靠近
The doctor’s fumbling attempts to repair the damage left him in perpetual agony. The mask holds the pain at bay. <from Batman: The Dark Knight Rises>
lay out
v. to clearly explain, usually in writing: outline 解释/展示
The manager has just laid out some proposals in the meeting.
not so much…as…
If you say that something is not so much X as Y, you mean it is more Y: less … than ... 与其说是…不如说是…
They are not so much lovers as friends. = They are less lovers than friends.
on a par (with)
adj. to be the same as or equal to 与…等同的
Human rights should not be the driving force; it is on a par with the other issues of concern.
on grounds of/that
prep./conj. based on the reason of/that because of/because 因为
Legal organizations agencies have repeatedly challenged the system on grounds that detainees were mistreated.
on the part of
prep. done or experienced by someone: of 就…而言/由…做出的
This was a misjudgment on the part of the government.
on/to the verge of
prep. very near to the moment when something happens: towards 接近/快要
They are on the verge of signing a new contract.
These measures brought the republic to the verge of economic collapse.
orient to/towards
i.　v. to direct towards; to make or adapt for a particular purpose 使指向/使关注
Our students are oriented towards science subjects.
ii.　v. make oneself familiar with a new situation 使适应
It took him some time to orient himself to the new environment.
out of thin air
adv. from nowhere or nothing, as if by magic 无中生有地/凭空地
Unfortunately, I cannot just conjure up the money out of thin air!
ano: 【反】little humility on her part would be appreciated.

正面: part and parcel
symbol: [ˈpɑːrsl]
definition: n. an essential part that cannot be avoided 核心/本质
pave the way for
v. to make it possible or easier: facilitate 促进/推动
Data from the space flight should pave the way for a more detailed exploration of Mars.
pit against
v. to cause one to fight against or be in competition with another 使与…对立
It was a bitter civil war, that pitted neighbor against neighbor.
press for
v. to work hard to win support for a plan so that it will succeed 迫切要求
He will press for stricter pollution controls.
press into service
v. to use something that is not suitable because nothing suitable is available 暂时使用
The car was broken down so I had to press my old bike back into service.
refrain from
v. to keep oneself from especially following a passing impulse 克制/忍住
They appealed to the protesters to refrain from violence.
Unit 04
Quick Preview
□set in □snap up □tamper with □with regard to
□shed light on □stave off □touch on □zero-sum game
□shore up □stem/spring from □verge on □a barrage of
□silver lining □take a toll on □want for □a spectrum of
□single out □take pains to □ward off □a streak of
set in
v. to begin and seem likely to continue 开始并延续
This rain looks as if it has set in for the rest of the day.
shed light on
v. to make easier to understand: elucidate 阐明/解释
Recent research could shed new light on the causes of the disease.
shore up
v. to help to support something that is weak or going to fail 支持/加固
The measures were aimed at shoring up the economy.
silver lining
n. a consoling or hopeful prospect: bright side 一线希望
If there is a silver lining to losing my job, it is that I will now be able to go to school full-time and finish my degree earlier.
single out
v. to choose from a group to criticize or praise 挑出/选出
The report singled him out for special criticism.
snap up
v. to buy something quickly because it is cheap or exactly what you want 抢购
The dress was perfect, so I snapped it up.
sim: 【近】ress is part and parcel of the job.

正面: stave off
symbol: [steɪv]
definition: v. to stop something bad from happening now although it may happen later: delay 延缓
He had a bar of chocolate to stave off his hunger.
The company managed to stave off bankruptcy for another few months.
stem/spring from
v. to be the result of something: originate from 来自于/是…的结果
Most people’s insecurities stem from something that happened in their childhood.
take a toll on
v. to have a bad effect on; to cause much damage, deaths, suffering 给…造成了损失/伤害
Illness had taken a heavy toll on her.
The recession is taking its toll on the housing markets.
take pains to
v. to make a lot of effort to do 尽力做
He took great pains to explain the reasons for his decision.

正面: tamper with
symbol: [ˈtæmpər]
definition: v. to touch or make changes, often in order to damage 损坏/篡改
The files had been tampered with and there were some documents missing.
touch on
v. to mention or deal with a subject in only a few words, without going into detail 简要提及
In his speech he was only able to touch on a few aspects of the problem.
The central issue of the debate was hardly touched on in his speech.
zhuji: 【记】 源自temper 调和，锻炼；音：弹破，弹破把琴，弹破了一把吉它→损害，削弱了琴的音质；stamp 破，将邮票弄破

正面: verge on
symbol: [vɜːrdʒ]
definition: v. to be very close to an extreme state or condition 接近/趋向(某个极端)
The fabric is very dark blue, verging on black.
want for
v. to lack something that is needed 缺少
He has ensured that his children will want for nothing
sim: 【近】me of his suggestions verged on the outrageous.

正面: ward off
symbol: [wɔːrd]
definition: v. to prevent something unpleasant from happening 避免
I take vitamin C to ward off colds.
with regard/respect to
prep. relating to or concerning 关于
The company’s position with regard to overtime is made clear in their contracts.
zero-sum game
n. a situation in which a gain for one side entails a corresponding loss for the other side 零和博弈/不可能出现妥协的局面
Free trade benefits everyone in the end because trade is never a zero-sum game.

正面: a priori
symbol: [ˌeɪ praɪˈɔːraɪ]
definition: adj. a large volume of, or a huge amount of something happening all at once 大量的/齐发的
His defense lawyer has been subjected to a barrage of insults and threats in court.
adj. a continuous sequence or range of 一系列的
adj. (of behavior or tendency) an element of: slight 一点点/少量的
Unit 05
Quick Preview (* Phrases in this unit are common loanwords, mostly from Latin.)
□a priori □ad hominem □ergo □per se
□ad hoc □alter ego □ex post facto □pro bono
□ad lib □as per □in toto □pro rata
□ad infinitum □bona fide □ipso facto □status quo
□ad nauseam □de facto □per capita □vice versa
adj. using general principles to suggest likely effects 由一般到具体的
“It’s freezing outside; you must be cold” is an example of a priori reasoning.
sim: 【近】e is most frugal in matters of business, but in private life she reveals a streak of prodigy.

正面: ad hominem
symbol: [ˌæd ˈhɑːmɪnem]
definition: i.　adj. not regular or planned, but happening only when necessary 临时的/特设的
The meetings will be held on an ad hoc basis.
ii.　adj. fashioned from whatever is immediately available: improvised 即兴的
This ad hoc nature would allow Cleese to pursue other broadcasting avenues.
v. to speak in public without having planned what to say: improvise 即兴演说
I had no script so I had to ad lib.
adj./adv. without end or limit 无休止的(地)/无限的(地)
You cannot stay here ad infinitum without paying rent.
adv. to a sickening or excessive degree 令人恶心地
He talks ad nauseam about how clever his children are.
adj. directed against a person’s character rather than their argument 对人不对事的
Yet Domeier’s work has provoked strong criticism, and in some corners of the blogosphere the conversation has been reduced to accusations and ad hominem attacks.

正面: alter ego
symbol: [ˌæltər ˈiːɡoʊ]
definition: i.　n. the other or opposite side of a personality 个性的另一面
Lady Gaga dressed up as her male alter ego Jo Calderone to promote her new single.
ii.　n. a trusted friend: intimate 密友/至交
Over the years the state’s other senator became his alter ego as well as his political ally.

正面: as per
symbol: [ˌæz ˈpɜːr]
definition: prep. in accordance with: according to 按照/依据
The work was carried out as per instructions.

正面: bona fide
symbol: [ˌboʊnə ˈfaɪdi]
definition: adj. real and honest or sincere and genuine 真诚的/善意的
There are now reputable educational establishments providing bona fide links with internationally accredited institutions.

正面: de facto
symbol: [ˌdeɪ ˈfæktoʊ]
definition: adj. being such in effect though not formally recognized: actual 事实上的/实际的
The city is rapidly becoming the de facto center of the financial world.

正面: ergo
symbol: [ˈɜːrɡoʊ]
definition: adv. therefore, hence 所以/因此
ano: 【反】cording to that line of reasoning, the eyewitness couldn’t identify the aircraft; ergo it must have been from another planet.

正面: ex post facto
symbol: [ˌekspost ˈfækto]
definition: adj. done, made, or formulated after the fact: retroactive 追溯的/从之前某一天开始生效的
The belief that women are biologically destined to be domestic and subordinate is just a construct, created by social scientists and used as an ex post facto justification for inequality.

正面: ipso facto
symbol: [ˌɪpsoʊ ˈfæktoʊ]
definition: adv. by that fact or act: therefore 依据事实本身/所以
If he is right, then anyone who disagrees with him is, ipso facto, wrong.

正面: per se
symbol: [ˌpɜːr ˈseɪ]
definition: adj./adv. for each person 人均(的)
Texas has the most state and local government employees on a per capita basis.
adv. by or of itself 本身/自身
Research shows that it is not divorce per se that harms children, but the continuing conflict between parents.

正面: pro rata
symbol: [ˌproʊ ˈrɑːtə]
definition: adj. involving professional work donated for the public good: gratuitous 无偿的/公益的
More graduates out of law school are predisposed to do volunteer and pro bono work.
adj./adv. proportionately according to an exactly calculable factor 按比例(的)
Part-timers should also get the same benefits as full-timers but on a pro rata basis.

正面: status quo
symbol: [ˌsteɪtəs ˈkwoʊ]
definition: n. the present situation or condition 现状
Ultimately, all these reforms are about more than just ending a dangerous status quo.